AD Architectural Digest Italia N438 Gennaio 2018
July 30, 2022 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A
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KYYL
L.>90 - MJLLBKC 6420 ₡ 9,:4 Tcstj Ktbakblj Ypb - Ypjn. B.T. N.A. 9:9/49 Brt. 2, Ih. 2, NIF HK JNK_KCLJ K^BAKBLB wkt` JLMAKY@ JLMAKY@ ^JP^Y
2269-;=2;
04>90
;
==22 26 6 9 ; = 2 4 =6 =6
KL JNKICAB NBA : MJLLBKC 6420
Lucvk kltjrlk?
njskml, brtj j ‑Erjli` ‑ Erjli` tcui`‘
]kltjr kl Tbrks!
TCV^ECAKC? ^JYYZ^K 6420 ECIZY? KNJJ NBA
MVBLNJ LCVN Y^CVKJ? 54 BLLK NK JMM I@BKV NKYICUJVKJY? K LZCUK ^BAJL^K
NJA NJYKML
[bi`t Iauf j rjsknjlzj Fuambrk b Nufbk
JNK_KCLK ICLNË LBY^
p u c r M k l j t a c H #
UUN„ UKLIJL^ UBL NZ[YJL
^ K . C K Y J N B H K V
^@J YTKVK^ CE CE TVCOJI^ TBLLJAAK YICVVJUCAK NBKHCL, ^BUCAC HBL^B, ^BUCAKL ^BUCAKLC C TABLJ^ NJYKML M.FBUZYC
HBPBA^C À ZL HBVI@KC F&F K^BAKB. ICAAJ_KCLJ ICCVNKLB^B NB BL^CLKC IK^^JVKC. ]]].HBPBA^C.K^ FJVMBHC? UKB TBAJCIBTB 9/A - UJVBLC FVKBL_B? Y.Y. 95 HKABLC? UKB ^ZVB^K 0
]]].KL^JVLKCLAKLJ.K^
k r c t r b s c s b h h c t c t c ` p c k n u t s . i . p
Yjmukik su? www.sibvcaklk.ich Luhjrc vjrnj? 044 02> 02:
B H H C G v n b
KA HKC FBMLC, KA HKC AKUKLM, AB HKB IZIKLB. IZIKLB hcnjaac HCCN nksjmlbtb nb Y. Fbrsbii`k
24 Bllk pjr
ab tub Iuiklb -
: Bllk pjr
k tuck Jajttrcnchjstkik
Ab pkû bhbtb nbmak Ktbakblk
."%*>4/ NTH H E NZO TC
.*-"/4 ]OF #TY@T^RE^^T LOHFCT!ZUYYOOZ i PPPZUYYOOZ
k r b r r j E b j r n l B y f y ` p b r m c t c ` T
^JYYZ^K
TBYYBHBLJVKJ
IBV^J
J n k t c r k b a j .
CTJL HKLN
MJLKC N‛CVKJL^J
Jnkekik ‑ eauknk‘.
Kl Iklb `c iclcsikutc Hb [blsclm, ab hjltj nk HBN Bri`ktjits, j `c vkstc baiulk suck abvcrk ichj I`bcyblm Tbrg Tabzb (scprb). À ul pkclkjrj, stb irjblnc ulb vjrskclj ‑akquknb‘ njaa‛bri`ktjtturb. Trjstc lj pbrajrjhc sua mkcrlbaj. A‛CTKLKCLJ
Hjlc ajmmk, pkû ichpjtjlzb.
Ybrä fblbaj, hb mkcvb rkpjtjrac? ljaa‛jnkakzkb kl Ktbakb sk sprjiblc trcppj jljrmkj pjr a‛kltrkic njaaj ajmmk, aj pkmrkzkj furcirbtki`j j ab pcib ichpjtjlzb nk i`k bhhklkstrb. Njajmkekibrj j rjlnjrj i`kbrj j sljaaj aj lcrhj à cmmk pkû i`j hbk urmjltj.
Ab icpjrtklb.
Zl hkxbmj jsjhpkcstkakstkic nk pjrejttc à a‛brrjnbhjltc nja akvklm nk qujstb ibsb pbrkmklb (ectc nk Hbsskhc Akstrk). L.>90 - MJLLBKC 6420 ₡:, 44 Tcstj Ktbakblj Ypb - Ypjn. B .T. N.A. 9:9/49 Brt. 2, Ih. 2, NIFHK JNK_KCLJK^BAKBLB wkt`JLMAKY@ ^JP^Y
KYYL 2269-;=2;
04>90
; ==2269 ;=2449 KL JNKICAB NBA : MJLLBKC 6420
Lucvkkltjrlk?
njskml, brtj j ‑Erjli`tcui`‘
]kltjr kl Tbrks!
TCV^ECAKC? ^JYYZ^K6420 ECIZY? KNJJ NBA
MVBLNJ LCVN Y^CVKJ? 54 BLLK
NKJMM I@BKV
YCTVB?
n
Jttcrj Hcii`jttk icl Uklijlt Nbrrë (b sklkstrb), kltjrkcr
njskmljr nk iuk puffaki`kbhc ul prcmjttc b pbmklb 226, j Bafjrtc Ukmlbtjaak, ka mrbl pbtrcl nk Auxury Akvklm Mrcup nb pcic sichpbrsc. Ab ectc ak rktrbj b Tbrkmk lja sjttjhfrj 642= kl ciibskclj ciib skclj njaa‛klbumurbzkclj njaac s`cwrcch s`cwrcch pbrkmklc nk Auxury Akvklm Mrcup aj iuk vjtrklj Nbrrë bvjvb baajstktc.
b bllk b mjllbkc BN vb b Tbrkmk. J ul hctkvc i‛à. Ab ibpktbaj IBTK^BAJ nja mustc. Zl pc‛ erblijsj à bli`j ulb nja njaaj, aj, sj lcl AB IBTK^BAJ kl tuttc ’ sbavc lja njskml i`j à icsb ktbakblb ’ j quklnk bli`j kl tjhb nk kltjrkcr njskml. Ruk sk ecrhblc tjlnjlzj n‛brrjnbhjltc ecrtk j summjstkvj summjstkvj,, quk, quk, lja n nksjmlc ksjmlc nja njaaj aj ibsj, sk nja njakljblc kljblc KNJJ J IVK^JVK NJICVB^KUK bk qubak, kl tctc c kl pbrtj, ebllc pck rkejrkhjltc k prcmjttkstk nk kltjrlk nk tuttc ka hclnc. Ka rjtbmmkc njaa‛jstjtkib nja Nëic j nja Tcst-Nëic à ulb sbautbrj ecltj nk kspkrbzkclj, icsá ichj mak khhbmklkflik bppcrtk irjbtkvk crmblkik j pcp baab Tkjrrj Tbua Tbuakl kl j baab T T`kak `kakppj ppj Ytb Ytbrig. rig. L Ljaaj jaaj ibs ibsjj pbrkmklj pbrkmklj i`j kaaust kaaustrkbhc rkbhc kl qujstc luhjrc icacrk j tclk sclc sbpkjltjhjltj cri`jstrbtk pjr irjbrj ulb tjlskclj vkskvb n‛bthcsejrb7 ab nkspcskzkclj njmak brrjnk, aj spbzkbturj j a‛khpbmklbzkclj njmak brtjebttk sbllc irjbrj pultk nk bttjlzkclj krrktubak, hbk sicltbtk, i`j JUKNJL_KBLC KA FJAAC sjlzb cstjltbrac, Ybmbij à bli`j ka hkxbmj nk bltkic j hcnjrlc, nk bltkqubrkbtc j nk icltjhpcrbljc, j baac stjssc hcnc à ul icltkluc summjrkhjltc ab ejakiktä icl iuk, pur icl bpprciik nkffljrjltk, nkffljrjltk, mak mak kl kltjrkcr tjrkcr ichfklblc a‛jajm a‛jajmblzb blzb stcrkib stcrkib nja njaa‛a‛ klvcauirc klvcauirc icl ab prjsjlzb njk sjmlk njaab hcnjrlktä. Kl qujstj nkhcrj i‛à tbltc scmlc, hb bli`j hcatc nb khpbrbrj pjr i`k sk ikhjltb icl a‛brrjnbhjltc. Nja rjstc Tbrkmk à bli`j ab sjnj, b mjllbkc j b sjttjhfrj , nk HBKYCL&CFOJ^ , ulb njaaj hb hbmmkcrk mmkcrk rbssjmlj rbssjmlj hclnkbak nk brrjnk j ichpajhjltk kl iuk ka ‑erjli` tcui`‘ j ka suc jssjrj pcltj trb Lcrn j Yun sk hblkejst hblkejstb b ljaab hblkjrb pkû js jsbustkv bustkvb. b. J sjh sjhprj prj T Tbrkmk brkmk hk rkicrnb, icl ul hctc nk hbakliclkb, ul ibrc bhkic i`j lcl i‛à pkû? BAFJV^C UKMLB^JAAK , , mjlkbaj khprjln khprjlnktcr ktcrjj hblibt hblibtcc mkustc mkustc ul hjsj eeb. b. A A‛bvjvc ‛bvjvc klicltr klicltrbtc btc lj ljaab aab Uk Ukaaj aaj Auhkàrj Auh kàrj kl kl sjtt sjttjhfrj jhfrj prcprkc kkl l ciibskclj nk H Hbkscl& bkscl&Cfojt Cfojt j hbk bvrjk pjlsbtc i`j qujaab sbrjffj stbtb a‛uatkhb vcatb. Tur ul pc‛ hbablnbtc ljaab sbautj, sprkmkclbvb ab sub iclsujtb, klnchktb vjrvj, qujaab strbcrnklbrkb khhbmklbzkclj iclirjtb ’ ul csskhcrc pskicacmkic i`j vbaj scac pjr auk! ’ i`j à stbtb ab sikltkaab njk suck suiijssk khprjlnktcrkbak? ab eclnbzkclj nk AZPZV[ AKUKLM MVCZT , a‛kltrcnuzkclj njaab h hcnb cnb lja hclnc njaa‛brrjnc, a‛knjbzkclj, sjlzb slbturbrj vbacrk j icnkik njk rkspjttkvk frbln, njaaj icaajzkclk ‑`chj‘ nk Ejlnk, ^russbrnk, Fjltajy j Fumbttk, lcli`ë ab rjbakzzbzkclj nja prjstkmkcsc prcmjttc Vktz Tbrks. Zl scmlbtcrj, ul hbjstrc i`j `b icltrkfuktc ichj pci`k baa‛bffljrhbzkclj njaa‛Ktbakbl Ytyaj. Aj lcstrj iclvjrsbzkclk, k suck pbrjrk kaauhklbltk, ab sub vkstb ‑acltblb‘ mkä hk hbliblc.
NKYICUJVKJY? KLZCUK ^BAJL^K
N JA NJYKML
J^^CVJ HCII@J^^K
[bi`t Iauf j rjsknjlzj Fuambrk b Nufbk
JNK_KCLK ICLNË LBY^
BVI@K^JI^ZVBA NKMJY^ • K^BAKB
69
L´ >90 „ MJLLBKC 6420
YCHHBVKC. «Eklc b Mutjlfjrm, a‛bri`ktjtturb à ab sirktturb prklikpbaj j ulkvjrsbaj·. ulkvjrsbaj·. UKI^CV @ZMC
95
>0
54
NKYICUJVKJY.
99
@CHJ „ A‛bppbrtbhjltc pbrkmklc nk ABZVB MBZ^@KJV
:>
:4
TCV^ECAKC.
59
90
ECCN NJYKML „ Yummjstkclk mkbppcljsk ljmak crkmklbak pkbttk njaa‛`jbn i`je njaa‛@Þ^JA NJ IVKAACL.
>4
TJVYCLBMMK „ AJÃAB HJLI@BVK , knjbtrkij njmak jstrcsk baajstkhjltk pjr aj vjtrklj pbrkmklj nk @jrhàs.
>6
BVI@K^J^^ZVB „ Ka ACZUVJ NK BFZ N@BFK , flrhbtc nb Ojbl Lcuvja, Lcuvja, j ab icaabfcrbzkclj nk n k ^BH BYYCIKB^K
^VBHJ KL HCUKHJL^C „ Zl ibajkncsicpkc nk nkvjrsj
kspkrbzkclk iuaturbak ljk ^JYYZ^K nk tjlnjlzb.
TJ^K^, tbajltc njaab hcnb erblijsj.
BV^J „ A‛brkb bustjrb njaaj siuaturj siuat urj iabsski`j
95 j ka mustc pcp njk ibrtccl ljaaj cpjrj nja nuc M+ M.
:5
ECIZY. =:
UJL^C NJA LCVN „ Rublnc ka njskml rbiicltb aj bthcsejrj njaa‛ JZVCTB YJ^^JL^VKCLBAJ .
icl Jhjrmjliy. Tjr ul‛bbri`ktjtturb ri`ktjtt urb scikbaj.
>> >0
[CZLM ^BAJL^Y „ I@KBVB BLNVJB^^K j ka prcmjttc nk EJLNK pjr Njskml Hkbhk.
Fcf, nkvblc
ichpclkfkaj nk Faê Ytbtkcl, 2;.496 ₡.
BY^J „ HC^C j BZ^C nb icaajzkclj sclc
trb aj prctbmclkstj njaaj vjlnktj baa‛klibltc, ncvj bli`j mak crcacmk `bllc ul rucac nk prkhc pkblc.
:4
NJYKML „ Ytkak j tjlnjlzj ljaaj irjbzkclk nk sjk mkcvblk tbajltk prjsjltk b HBKYCL&CFOJ^.
:6
TVCMJ^^K „ Mustc vkltbmj j klnustrkba ljaaj akljj pjr ka fbmlc knjbtj klskjhj nb YIBUCAKLK j NKJYJA .
:>
Y^[AJ „ J^@KHC `b rjbakzzbtc ulb akljb nk brrjnk
pjlsbtk pjr vkvjrj a‛cutnccr bli`j kl hcltbmlb.
]B^I@JY I@JY & OJ]J AY „ A‛jajmbltj iabsskiktä njmak crcacmk :5 ]B^ nk OBJMJV-AJICZA^VJ j nk _JLK^@, j ka sjlsc njaab
trbnkzkclj njmak JICMKCKJAAK nk nuj njskmljr auiblj.
FBIGY^BMJ.
2>6
Y^CVKJ. NK BVLJ „ Aj ecrhj sklucsj njaab JMM I@BKV 2>: A‛ZCUC nk Brlj Obicfsjl, kltrbhcltbfkaj kiclb nja njskml.
2>0
6>
nb rjhctc tuttj aj eulzkclk njaaj stuej TBAB__J^^K. BMJLNB „ Aj hcstrj n‛brtj j njskml nb lcl pjrnjrj b TBVKMK lja pjrkcnc nk Hbkscl&Cfojt.
BVI@K^JI^ZVBA NKMJY^ • K^BAKB
EZ^ZVKYHC VB_KCLBAKY^B VB_KCLBAKY^B „ AZIKBLC FBANJYYBVK ,
prctbmclkstb njaa‛bri`ktjtturb ktbakblb nja ‛;44. BL^VCTCACMKB NJAAB IBYB „ A‛knjb njaa‛bfktbrj
KLLCUB_KCLK „ Aj lucvj tjilcacmkj pjr icltrcaabrj
:0 54
NJL^VC BN „ Ijriblnc summjstkclk j kspkrbzkclk nkjtrc aj qukltj nja luhjrc nk MJLLBKC.
2:6 2:>
sjiclnc NJYHCLN HCVVKY . TBVJ^K N‛BV^J J NK TCJYKB „ Irjbtkvktä j sbvckr-ebkrj ljaaj ibrtj nb pbrbtk j ljk rkvjstkhjltk nk ËAK^KY .
AJ JHC_KCLK LCL UBLLC VBIICL^B^J, UBLLC UKYYZ^J. k r b r r j E b j r n l B . ` p k l c r j z z b A c t
r j f c V l m k s j n
Hkablc, abrmc Bumustc Bumustc 2 ½ Vchb, vkb Mrjmcrkc UKK 940/924 | www.fbxtjr.kt
YCHHBVKC.
226
24>
260
;5
KA HKP TJVEJ^^C „
00 ;5 24> 24 >
AJ IBYJ NJA HJYJ.
226 22 6
BVI@K^JI^ZVBA NKMJY^ • K^BAKB
AZIJ KL^JVKCVJ „ Ljaab Ukaaj Auhkàrj, njskml j rkicrnk nk vkbmmkc kl ul `þtja pbrtkiuakjr lja iucrj nja HBVBKY . ZL‛BL^KIB IBAHB „ Zlb scfrkb jajmblzb nkbacmb knjbahjltj icl ab mrblnjur nk ulb ibsb pbrkmklb suaab VKUJ MBZI@J . AB UK^B À YCMLC „ Ljaab
ibpktbaj erblijsj, ab tjbtrbaktä kl ul bppbrtbhjltc nba mustc vkskclbrkc b nuj pbssk nbaab HBNJAJKLJ .
264 26 4
AKVKIC FVZ^BAKYHC „ Ypkrktc
260 26 0
B Tbrkmk, lja lja YJL^KJV , ulb rjsknjlzb ncvj k icacrk NBA FAZ KL TCK „ B sclc pbrtj kltjmrbltj nk ul‛crkmklbaj sijlcmrbekb nchjstkib.
29>
A‛KYCAB LJA NJYJV^C „ Ycrmj
2:0
65
Zl rkusiktc mkcic rkhblnk trb pbssbtc. j prjsjltj kl ul kltjrlc pbrkmklc ljank PUK BVVCLNKYYJHJL^
HCYIB nk
nb acet i`ki pjr ul kltjrlc nk mustc hcnjrlc, icl qubai`j tciic klnustrkbaj.
su ul‛kscab brtkekikbaj j rkji`jmmkb ab iabsskiktä njaab Hbkscl ka Fuambrk Vjscrt nk NZFBK .
JLMAKY@ ^JP^Y
^ C O Ë F V J K U B P . C B N K V Y K Z A . N V B A A K V ^ Y J A A K M . V J K F Z B A J N J H Z B A A K Z M
R Z B A K ^ [
K Y
C Z V
F Z Y K L J Y Y
T A B L
Ik biicltjltkbhc sjhpakijhjltj nja hjmakc j irjkbhc k hkmakcrk prcncttk jnktcrkbak. Tjr qujstc bffkbhc BN, i`j nb catrj 94 bllk rbiicltb aj pkû fjaaj ibsj nja hclnc, Ab Iuiklb Ktbakblb, nb catrj ;4 bllk ab muknb pkû butcrjvcaj lja hclnc nja mustc j njaab trbnkzkclj ktbakblb, j ^rbvjaajr, vkbmmk strbcrnklbrk biichpbmlbtk nb jiijzkclbak rjpcrtbmj ectcmrbekik pjr vkbmmkbrj ichcnbhjltj nbaab pcatrclb nk ibsb. ^rbncttc kl ulb pbrcab, Rubaktä. Kl nuj pbrcaj, Iclnë Lbst.
Nkrjttcrj Vjspclsbfkaj J^^CVJ HCII@J^^K
Brt Nkrjitcr
MKZYJTTJ TKLK Ibpcrjnbttcrj Bttubaktä
HBVKC MJVCYB Ibpcrjnbttcrj VZFJL HCNKMAKBLK Ibpcrjnbttcrj JAJLB NBAACVYC Ibpcsjrvkzkc ,
Khpbmklbzkclj
EVBLIJYIB HBVKLC Ukij Ibpcsjrvkzkc HKI@JAB FZ__CLK, HBVM@JVK^B IBVVBVB ,
Yjmrjtjrkb nk Vjnbzkclj
HBVKB MVB_KB IJIICLJAAC Vjspclsbfkaj, EJNJVKIB IABVK T`ctc jnktklm Trcojit Iclsuatblt
VKIIBVNC FKBLI@K Ljw [crg I@VKY^KLB LKIBY^VK Yjmrjtjrkb j Vjnbzkclj @bllc icaabfcrbtc?
VCFJV^C H. FJLJ^^K, YCLKB Y. FVBMB, BLB IBVNKLBAJ, TBCAC HB^^JC IC__K, EVBLIJYIB NBUCAK, LKICAJ^^B NJA FZCLC, IJYBVJ NJ YJ^B, EKBHHJ^^B EBNNB, EVBLIJYIB EJAAKLK, ZHFJV^B MJL^B, YJVMJ MAJK_JY, MKBHTKJVC LJMVJ^^K, MACVKB TBYRZKLJAAK, MBKB TBYYK, BAJYYBLNVB RZB^^CVNKC, FJVLBVNC VK__B^C, EVBLIB VC^^CAB, T@KAKTTJ YJZAAKJ^, BAJYYBLNVB UBAAK, EVBLIJYIB UKLIK, Y^JT@JL TKIICAC trbnuzkclk, Y^ZNKC NK]B rjvkskclj tjstk Ectcmrbflj nk?
PBUKJV FËOC^, YBL^K IBAJIB, EBFVK_KC IKIICLK/AKUKLM KLYKNJ, MZKAABZHJ NJ ABZFKJV, HBYYKHC AKY^VK, AZKY VKNBC, MKAAJY ^VKAABVN Nkrjttcrj Jnktcrkbaj j Ichulkibzkclj Icrpcrbtj
Nkrjttcrj Mjljrbaj Ybajs & Hbrgjtklm
AZIB NKLK
EVBLIJYIB BKVCANK
Frbln Bnvjrtksklm Nkrjitcr IBVAC IAJVKIK, Bnvjrtksklm Hblbmjr IVKY^KLB VCLIBVCAC Vjspclsbfkaj Icltjlt Jxpjrkjlij Zlkt UBAJL^KLB NK EVBLIC, Vjspclsbfkaj Nkmktba Icltjlt Zlkt YKAUKB IBUBAAK Nkrjttcrj Ujlnktj MKBLIBVAC VCTB Nkmktba Ybajs Nkrjitcr? IBVAC IBVVJ^^CLK. Hcnb j Cmmjttk Tjrsclbak? HB^^KB HCLNBLK Nkrjttcrj Nkrjttcrj Fjbuty? HBVIC VBUBYK Nkrjttcrj. Nkrjttcrj. Mrblnk Hjribtk? HKI@JAB JVICAKLK Nkrjttcrj. Nkrjttcrj. Brrjnc? IBVAC IAJVKIK Nkrjttcrj ^rkvjljtc, Jhkakb Vchbmlb, Hbri`j? ACVKY UBVC Brjb Brjb Hblbmjr. Hblbmjr. ^csiblb, Zhfrkb, Abzkc j Yun Ktbakb? BL^CLJAAB FBYKAJ Brjb Brjb Hblbmjr Hblbmjr Hjribtk Jstjrk? HB^^KB HCLNBLK Nkrjttcr Nkrjttcrj. j. Zeekik Tuffakiktä Jstjrc - Tbrkmk/Aclnrb? BLMJAB LJZHBLL Ljw [crg? BAJYYBLNVC IVJHCLB. Fbrijaaclb? YKAUKB EBZVÖ. Hclbic? EKAKTTC ABHK
JNK_KCLK ICLNË LBY^ Y.T.B. Trjsknjltj MKBHTBCAC MVBLNK Bhhklkstrbtcrj Njajmbtc EJNJAJ ZYBK Nkrjttcrj Mjljrbaj NCHJLKIC LCIIC Ukij Trjsknjltj MKZYJTTJ HCLNBLK, Nkrjttcrj Ijltrbaj Nkmktba HBVIC ECVHJL^C Nkrjttcrj Ijltrbaj Iclsuhjr j Bunkjlij Njvjacphjlt HBYYKHC HCL_KC ICHTBMLCLK Nkrjttcrj Ikriuabtkcl BAFJV^C IBUBVB, Nkrjttcrj Trcnuzkclj FVZLC HCVCLB Nkrjttcrj Vkscrsj Zhblj IVKY^KLB AKTTK, Nkrjttcrj Bhhklkstrbzkclj j Icltrcaac nk Mjstkclj AZIB VCANK Frblnjn Icltjlt Nkrjitcr VBEEBJAAB FZNB, Nkmktba Hbrgjtklm? HBLZJAB HZ__B, Ycikba Hjnkb? VCFJV^B IKBLJ^^K Nkmktba Trcnuit Nkrjitcr? TKJ^VC ^ZVK, Nkmktba I^C HBVIC UKMBLÖ, Jltjrprksj I^C BZVJAKC EJVVBVK Nkmktba Cpjrbtkcls j Icltjlt Ichhjrij Nkrjitcr? VCFJV^C BAFBLK
Hkablc,, pkbzzb Ibstjaac 6= - tja. 460:522 - ebx 4604::=25. Tbncvb , vkb njmak _bfbrjaab 229 - tja. 4>;0>::=== Yjnj? 64262 Hkablc - ebx 4>;0>::=44. Fcacmlb , vkb Ibrac Ebrklk 29, Tbabzzc _bhfjiibrk - tja. 4:26=:42>= - ebx 4:26664;;. Vchb , vkb I. Hcltjvjrnk 64 - tja. 450>4>5>2: - ebx 4504=;6>;. Tbrkmk/Aclnrb , > pabij nu Tbabks Fcurfcl - =:44= Tbrks - tja. 44992>>22=00: - ebx 44992->::5;629. Ljw [crg , 26: Tbrg bvjluj suktj 6:22 - Ljw [crg L[ 2442= - tja. 626-9040695 - ebx 626-=05=:=6. Fbrijaaclb , Tbssjkm nj Mräikb 0/24, 9´ 2b - 4044= Fbrijaclb - tja. 449>;96254252 - ebx 449>;99>6=4>2. Hclbic nk Fbvkjrb , Jkjrwkjsj :f - 06492 Mrñlwban - Njutsi`abln - tja. 44>;-0;-62:=0;=4 - ebx 44>;-0;-62:=0;=9. Vjnbzkclj? 64262 HKABLC - pkbzzb Ibstjaac 62 - tja. 460:522 - ebx 460:5265;0
Kl qujstc luhjrc. EBFVKIJ BZYYJ^ BZYYJ^ Bri`ktjttc brtkstb erblijsj, icacrkstb j siuatcrj, à bppbsskclbtc nk njskml j k suck prcmjttk, i`j hjsicablc hklkhbakshc hcnjrlc j cpuajlzb iabsskib, bffrbiikblc nkvjrsk bhfktk? bppbrtbhjltk nk aussc, `ctja, ul kltjrc ibstjaac, iclijpt stcrj, jvjltk nk hbri`k nk hcnb.
^rj klnkrkzzk lja qubrtkjr nu Yjltkjr3 «^`j @cxtcl, `ctja j rkstcrbltj, ka lucvc klnkrkzzc njmak `kpstjrs pbrkmklk. Erjli`kj, rkstcrblt rkstcrbltjj njaac i`je Mrëmc Mrëmcry ry H Hbri`bln. bri`bln. J Fbhfcu, rkstcrbltj tbkablnjsj icl hjlu ekrhbtc nb Bltclkl Fclljt·.
YBL^K IBAJIB @b klkzkbtc b abvcrbrj ichj ectcmrbec baa‛Crb nk Tbajrhc. Ljmak bllk ‛=4 sk trbsejrksij b Hkablc j sk spjikbakzzb ljk rjpcrtbmj nk bri`ktjtturb, puffakiblnc trb a‛batrc su Ibsb Ucmuj j su ^jrrbzzc nk Jttcrj Ycttsbss.
Tjr iclcsijrj sicrik kljnktk kl Vusskb3 «Cl t`j Vcbn ikty - Hcsib nk nk Zhfjrtc _bljttk-Bajssblnrc _bljttk-Bajssbln rc Nj Hbmkstrks (Ecrh (Ecrhb b Jnkzkclk Ekrjlzj 642 642=) =) bppjlb usiktc·. usiktc·.
]KAAKBH YB]B[B J TBCAC HCVCLK Bri`ktjttc, njskmljr n‛kltjrlk j prcnuit njskmljr ktbakblc lbtc kl Akfblc, ]kaakbh Ybwbyb bprj icl Tbcac Hcrclk, khprjlnktcrj j njskmljr, ac stunkc Ybwbyb & Hcrclk Bri`ktjits Hkabl. Klskjhj eclnblc bli`j ab Ybwbyb & Hcrclk Icltjhpcrbry Eurlkturj.
Ncvj trcvbrj ab hkmakcrj brtj icltjhpcrbljb b Hcsib3 «Ba Huatkhjnkb Brt Husjuh nkrjttc nb Camb Yvkfacvb, icl kltjrjssbltksskhj kltjrjssbltksskhj hcstrj. Baab Mbaajrkb ^rjt‛ ^rjt‛ obgcv, pklbictjib nk brtj, mrbekib, siua siuaturb. turb. Jgbt Jgbtjrklb jrklb Uklcgurcvb j Blbstbskb Ucacfujvb sclc pck ul ebltbstkic nuc nk tbajlt sicut. UKLIJL^ NBVVË Njskmljr pbrkmklc jiajttkic, `b bppjlb rkirjbt r kirjbtc c ul bppbrtbhjltc kl ul pbabzzc b nuj pbssk nb Tabij nj ab Iclicrnj pjr biicmakjrj k iakjltk ichj kl ulb ibsb. ^rb hcfkak hcfkak bltki`k j pjzzk icltjhpcrb ljk.
Ka njskml erblijsj pkû kltjrjssbltj3 «B Tbrkmk bffkbhc k pkû mrblnk hjribtk njaaj puaik nja hclnc, ulb ecltj kljsburkfkaj kljsburkfkaj jn jtjrcmjljb ncvj cmlk wjjgjln trcvc qujaac i`j ijric. Zlb ecrtulb·.
Y^JT@BLJ CAKUKJV Kltjrkcr njskmljr, njskmljr, b trjlt‛bllk hjttj klskjhj ab sub pbsskclj pjr k mkbrnklk icl qujaab pjr aj bltki`ktä j bprj ab sub prkhb fcutkquj pbrkmklb. Cmmk ab sub mbaajrkb kl Vuj nj a‛Zlkvjrsktë à erjqujltbtb nb iakjltk nb tuttc ka hclnc.
Zl hjribtklc njaa‛bltkqubrkbtc b Tbrkmk3 «Ka hbri`ë Tbua Fjrt, baaj Tuijs nj Ybklt Ybklt-Cujl. -Cujl. Ruk, bllk eb, sclc stbtc trb k prkhk b prcpcrrj brrjnk kl stkaj klnustrkbaj·.
94
BVI@K^JI^ZVBA NKMJY^ • K^BAKB
TBCAC MJL^B ^JVLBUBYKC Aburjbtc kl Bri`ktjtturb (spjikbakzzbtc kl Ytcrkb njaa‛Brtj) , à ulc njk pkû beejrhbtk kltjrkcr njskmljr b akvjaac kltjrlbzkclbaj. K suck kltjrlk, khprcltbtk b ul pjrsclbaj j rbefllbtc jiajttkshc, sk lutrclc nk ul summjstkvc j lcl iclvjlzkclbaj khpkjmc nja icacrj.
Zl pcstc nb sicprkrj lja PUK brrclnkssjhjlt3 brrclnkssjhjlt3 «Ka rkstcrbltj-frbssjrkj rkstcrbltj-frbssjrkj Ab Vctclnj nj ab H Hujttj, ujttj, rknksjmlbtc rjijltjhjltj nbaac stunkc ljwycri`jsj Vchbl & ]kaakbhs ]kaakbhs·. ·.
C B N K V Y K Z A . J Y K V B T C ^ V J F A B . _ C V J H K U B . V J K F Z B A J N . M
BVNJ IC VB BV NJIC
^jssutk | Hcfkak | Ibrtb nb Tbrbtk | Tbssbhbljrkb | Biijsscrk Biijss crk
J^BHKL J^BH KLJ J
@C NY NYCA CAA A Hi HiGJL GJL _K J
^VBUJ ^V BUJ VY
]BVL JV EBFV KI KIY Y
_K HH HHJV JV + VC @N @NJ J
Ujlktj b trc trcvbrik vbrik lja lcstrc lucvc s`cw-rcch nk Hkablc, kl vkb Ebtjfjljerbtjaak 29 | 46 >9 ;; :; 20 K lcstrk rkvjlnktcrk jsiauskvk ak trcvbtj sua lcstrc sktc? www.zkhhjr-rc`nj.ich | ljaa‛brjb? stcigkst sjbri`
BV^J. NJYKML. KICLJ. TJVICVYK. BY^J. CMMJ^^K. KNJJ . ^BAJL^K.
NK NKYICUJVKJY. Vkhblmcc bffl Vkhblm bfflbsiklb bsiklbtb tb cmlkqub cmlkqubavc avcatb atb ‑ ul ecrtj bpprciikc jstjtkic sk ichfklb
icl ul njsknjrkc nk ibhfkbhjltc.
‑ ]ZLNJVGBHHJV.
Ab stkakstb Aburb Mbut`kjr Tjtkt. Yua eclnc, ibrtb nb pbrbtk nk _ufjr. B njstrb, ul pbvclj ichprbtc nb Njyrcaaj, ka pkû ebhcsc ljmczkc nk tbssknjrhkb nk Tbrkmk.
J N K Y L K M L K U K A / K L C I I K I C K _ K V F B E
N K Y I C U J V K J Y . @ C H J
2
Mkcic nk icltrbstk Zl‛bthcsejrb njakibtb ibrbttjrkzzb ab ibsb pbrkmklb nk ulb Y^KAKY^B EVBLIJYJ , rkibvbtb ljmak spbzk nk ulb jx ebffrkib nja Hbrbks. 6
9
b stkakstb Aburb Mbut`kjr Tjtkt, irjbtrkij nja frbln Eïtj Khpërkbaj, vkvj icl ab sub ebhkmakb lja Hbrbks, lja iucrj nk Tbrkmk, kl ulb ibsb b nuj pbssk nba rkstcrbltj nk suc hbrktc, nbaab siucab nk suc ekmakc, j nba suc btjakjr. Lcl à stbtc ebikaj trcvbrj ka pcstc mkustc pjr ab sub nkhcrb, hb ka rksuatbtc à vbasc tuttk mak secrzk? ul aucmc rkiic nk stkaj, icl ulb spajlnknb vkstb suaab ikttä. Rublnc Aburb ab vknj pjr ab prkhb vcatb, vcatb, ab ibsb jrb jrb lja fja hjzzc nk ulb rkstrutturbzkclj rkstrutturbzkclj rbnkibaj? lcl jrb batrc i`j ul mrblnj spbzkc vuctc, iuk hblibvb bnnkrktturb ka sceekttc. Hb ab euturb prcprkjtbrkb, prcp rkjtbrkb, beebsiklbtb nba pblcrbhb klicrlkikbtc klicrlkikbtc nbaaj bhpkj ekljstrj, kltuá khhjnkbtbhjltj ka pctjlzkbaj nk qujaac spbzkc. spb zkc. «Hj lj kllbhcrbk sufktc·, beejrhb jltuskbstb, jltuskbstb , rkicrnblnc ab aulmb aulmb rkijrib i`j bvjvb prjijnutc ka icapc nk euahklj. Ab stkakstb j ab sub ebhkmakb sk jrblc trbsejrktk b Tbrkmk nb Aclnrb sjk bllk eb j nb baacrb bvjvblc vkssutc lja Hbrbks. Tjr nuj bllk Aburb bvjvb sjtbiikbtc ka qubr-
A
tkjrj, ijriblnc ulb ibsb bnbttb baajcprcprkj Hb qujaaj i`j bvjvb trcvbtc jrblc pkiicajjskmjlzj. j ibrj, c trcppc vjii`kj j pcic auhklcsj. Tck, ncpc aulm`j rkijri`j, vjllj eklbahjltj prcpcstb acrc ab scauzkc-
9>
BVI@K^JI^ZVBA NKMJY^ • K^BAKB
J N K Y L K M L K U K A / K L C I I K I C K _ K V F B E
^jxturj j icacrk. 2. Zl
blmcac nja scmmkcrlc. Nkvblc nk Hbxbatc, tbppjtc nk Hbnjajklj nj Ibstbklm pjr Icnkhbt, abhpbnb nk Frcgks. Yuaab pcrtb, tjssutc nk Hbtt`jw ]kaakbhscl. 6. Zl batrc bhfkjltj, icl ab pbrjtj rkvjstktb nb akstjaak nk ajmlc. 9. A‛khpcstbzkclj bri`ktjttclkib njaab iuiklb mkcib hcatc sua icltrbstc? ka pbvkhjltc j mak jajhjltk n‛brrjnc sclc stbtk rkvjstktk kl hbrhc, cppcstc
baab sjhpakiktä njaaj trbvk kl ajmlc sfkblibtc j njk iclncttk n‛bjrbzkclj kl hjtbaac. >. Ka scmmkcrlc. Nkvblc nk Vci`j Fcfcks, abhpbnj nk &trbnktkcl. :. ab stblzb pbnrclbaj, khprjzkcsktb nb ulb ibrtb nb pbrbtk nk Njskmljrs Mukan. Abhpbnb b scspjlskclj vkltbmj. 5. Ljaab sbab nb fbmlc, ab pbrjtj i`j eb nb seclnc baab vbsib à njicrbtb icl ul hcsbkic nk mustc sjttjijltjsic nk Fksbzzb.
:
> lj mkustb? ul mrblnj spbzkc kl ul khhcfkaj k hhcfkaj i`j ul tjhpc csp cspktbvb ktbvb ulb ebffrkib nk tjssutk. Zlb vcatb skstjhbtb ab strutturb, sk rjsj ljijssbrkc sunnkvknjrj mak bhfkjltk. Rujstc ichpktc eu beeknbtc baa‛bri`ktjttc Cak vkjr Mby, Mby, i` i`jj sk iclercltö iclercltö icl ab prcprk prcprkjtbrkb jtbrkb bli`j bli`j pjr njeklkrj tuttk mak jajhjltk njicrbtkvk, nbk nkeejrjltk tkpk nk hbrhc bk hcfkak rjbakzzbtk su nksjmlc. Baab eklj, qublnc tuttk mak kltjrvjltk eurclc pcrtbtk b tjrhklj, a‛bppbrtbhjltc lcl bvjvb pjrsc ab prcprkb knjltktä j icltklubvb b iclsjrvbrj ul ibrbttjrj klnustrkbaj, ul‛khprcltb i`j rbeecrzbvb ab sub pjrsclbaktä. Kl qujstc icltjstc, trb mrblnk ekljstrclk nb btjakjr, mrblnk tufk kl biikbkc pjr a‛bjrbzkclj, icacllklj icacllklj kl m`ksb, m`ksb , spkiiblc k tbltk cmmjttk nk njskml. ^rb k pjzzk prjnkajttk nbaab stkakstb sk nkstklmuj ka tbvcac nksjmlbtc bppcsktbhjltj pjr ab iuiklb, nkvksc kl nuj pbrtk, ulb kl hbrhc j a‛batrb kl ajmlc. Hb nuj sclc aj mrblnk pbsskclk njaab pbnrclb nk ibsb? ulb mrblnj ectcmrbekb nk Jrwkl Cabe j ul pbvclj fkblic khpbmakbtc nk Njyrcaaj, ka ebhcsc ljmczkc pbrkmklc nk tbssknjrhkb. Ljk vbrk bhfkjltk sk icmakj ka mustc njicrbtkvc nk Aburb Mbut`kjr Tjtkt. Ajk stjssb spkjmb nk jssjrj stbtb st btb muknbtb nba njsknjrkc nk irjbrj ulc spbzkc nk
njaab stkakstb? bli`j b li`j ka suc abfcrbtcrkc j ac s`cwrcch sk prjsjltblc ichj spbzk rkii`k nk bthcsejrb, kl iuk ka tjbh nk brtkstk j njskmljr sk sjltclc ichpajtbhjltj b prcprkc bmkc. Tjr ab mkcvblj irjbtkvb à eclnbhjltbaj i`j i`k abvcrb lja suc btjakjr pcssb jsprkhjrsk ba hjmakc, icl mrblnj ak fjrtä? lcl b ibsc ibsc a‛jpcib a‛jpcib nb iuk spjssc trbj kspkrbzkc kspkrbzkclj lj à ab sjiclnb sjiclnb hjtä njaa‛Cttcijltc, ul pjrkcnc stcrkic eclnbhjltbaj pjr a‛jvcauzkclj njaab scikjtä. Kl quja tjhpc lbiqujrc j sk svkauppbrclc sv kauppbrclc hcvkhjltk hcvkhjltk brtkstkik brtkst kik j bri`ktjttclkik, ichj a‛Khprjsskclkshc j a‛Brt Lcuvjbu. «Vkhblmc beebsiklbtb cmlkqubavcatb ul ecrtj bpprciikc jstjtkic sk
scmlc, aucmc prctjttc prctjttc njekabtc rkspjttc r kspjttc baabstbtk erjljskb e rjljskb hclnc hclnk nctjssutk, jstjrlc. Tjrul irjbrj qujstb njakibtb bthcsejrb sclc sijatknja hcrfknk hcrfk i`j lcl nk rbnc bvvcamclc hbtjrkbak ruvknk j mrjzzk qubak ka ijhjltc, j ul sbpkjltj hkx nk icacrk. Rujstc iclijttc sk rktrcvb bli`j ljaa‛btjakjr
ichfklb ul jssjrj ecrtj njsknjrkc lctb ab klerblmjrj lctb prcprkjtbrkb prcprkjtbrkb. «Cmmk sj icl sk vuca nkeejrjltknkcibhfkbhjltc·, rkvcauzkclbrk, fkscmlb aj. rjmcaj njaa‛jstjtkib nchklbltj j njaaj tjlnjlzj. Hb pjr hj aj nuj icsj lcl sclc ljijssbrkbhjltj nksicrnbltk. ʋ EVBLIJ YIB NBUCAK NBUCAK
5
BVI@K^JI^ZVBA NKMJY^ • K^BAKB
9:
N K Y I C U J V K J Y . B V ^ J
]@C‛Y ]@C
M+M j fbstb? a‛knjltktä
j ka vjrc hjstkjrj nk qujstk nuj brtkstk hkabljsk rjstblc ul sjmrjtc. Iclcsikutksk kl ul fbr-jlctjib nja qubrtkjrj ikljsj nk Hkablc, `bllc klkzkbtc b icaabfcrbrj lja 642> sjlzb pjrö bffblnclbrj aj prcprkj vktj prcejsskclbak prcejs skclbak lja ibhpc ibhpc nja njskml, njaab huskib j njaa‛khprjln njaa‛ khprjlnktcrkb. ktcrkb. Ncpc bvjr trbttbtc a‛brtj j ka njskml, ‑Iabsski`j Icltbhk Icltbhklbzkclk‘ lbzkclk‘ à ab acrc tjrzb hcstrb.
Iabsskik b iclercltc Nb ul abtc k ibpcabvcrk ibpcabvcrk njaab siuatur siuaturb b bl bltkib, tkib, rklbsikhjltbaj j ljciabsskib. Nbaa‛batrc k pjrsclbmmk njk ibrtclk blkhbtk nk Nksljy j scik. Kl 2> cpjrj
Tjri`ë Tbpjrklb Tbpjrklb fbikb Mkuakblc nj‛ Hjnkik3 Ichj hbk Tbpjrklc vcab suaaj bak njaab Lkgj nk Ybhctrbikb3 Ybhctrb ikb3 J ka k a Nbvkn hki`jablmkcajsic i`j tkjlj ba muklzbmakc Tautc3 Yk trbttb nk vkijlnj nk Ibrtcclkb nk n k iuk blicrb skbhc baa‛csiurc3 Lkjltj nk tuttc qujstc. À ka lucvc jxpackt brtkstkic, ka tjrzc, nk ul nuc irjbtkvc bsscautbhjltj eucrk nbmak si`jhk cvvjrc k M+M, knjltktä rkmcrcsbhjltj ijabtb nkjtrc ab skmab fklbrkb, iclcsikutksk kl ul fbr-jlctjib fbr- jlctjib njaab I`klbtcwl hkabljsj? ul scnbakzkc n‛brtj n ‛brtj lbtc prcprkc ichj ul tjhpc biibnjvb bmak brtkstk ba fbr Obhbkib lja qubrtkjrj nk Frjrb. Hb tcrlkbhc ba tjhb, baa‛klvjlzkclj fbttjzzbtb ‑Iabsski`j
M+ M
ka nuc brtkstkic akA‛jeejttc3 biicstb absikblnc i`j sk icltbhklklc rjikprcibhjltj. Zl icatc nkvjrtkssjhjlt. nk LKICAJ^^B
95
BVI@K^JI^ZVBA NKMJY^ • K^BAKB
NJA FZCLC
Icltbhklbzkclk‘ Icltbhklbzkclk ‘ j cmmjttc hcstrbbtjlutbsk mbaajrkb nk Vcssblb Vcssb lb Crablnk, klnk vkbulb Fblnjaac Hkablc. prjssc A‛knjb ’ab«lja lcstrc ebrj, tuttc sibturksij nbaa‛knjb, lcl ik sclc kspkrbzkclk icltklmjltk·, nkiclc k nuj ’ à stbtb bffklbrj k hcnjaak nk ijajfrk
K N L B A V C B L B Y Y C V [ Y J ^ V Z C I
2
6
TBMKLB TVJIJNJL^J ? Tbpjrklb, a‛jtjrlb eknblzbtb nk Tbpjrklc, prcvb b fbikbrj Mkuakblc nj‛ Hjnkik, erbtjaac nja Hbmlkekic, quk lja hbrhcrjc rktrbttc i`j mak ejij Hki`jablmjac. À ulb njaaj 2> cpjrj nk M+M jspcstj, jltrc spjikbak tji`j trbspbrjltk, ljaab hcstrb ‑Iabsski`j ‑Iabsski `j Icltbhklbzkclk‘ crmblkzzbtb nb Vcssblb
2.
Crablnk Hkablc. a‛bunbij?bicl ebrj nk Hkllkj, lkjltj strkzzb k ibpjzzcak nja Abciccltj nk Bmjsblnrc, Tcakncrc j Btjlcncrc nk Vcnk. 6. Tkppc s‛khhcrtbab kl ul sjaekj icl ab Ujljrj nk Hkac nk Bajssblnrc nk Bltkci`kb. 9. Tbpjrklc vcab suaaj bak njaab Lkgj nk Ybhctrbikb nk Tktcirktc.
9
stbtuj njaa‛jtä mrjic-rchblb, nja Vklbsikhjltc, nja Fbrciic j nja Ljciabsskic Ljciabsskic bk pjrsclbmmk nk ibrtclk ibr tclk blkhbtk nk cmmk. Lcl à ul mjstc kiclciabstb, nb ëpbtjr aj fcurmjcks, pkuttcstc ul nkvjrtkssjhjlt kltjaakmjltj, icl ul krclkic rjtrcmustc iuaturbaj lbtc nb ul‛jskmjlzb nknbttkib. «Ucajvc·, spkjmb ulc njk nuj M, «bvvkiklbrj hkb ekmakb nk : bllk baab b aab iclcsijlzb njaa‛brtj j baab sub stcrkb, icsá `c prcvbtc b ebr mkcibrj k mrblnk ibpcabvcrk icl k pjrsclbmmk njk suck ibrtccl prjejrktk. Zl suiijssclj. Nb quk b ‑Iabsski`j Icltbhklbzkclk‘ ka pbssc à stbtc frjvj? icl M bffkbhc ’ lck sk eb tuttc klskjhj ’ pjlsbtc i`j ac stjssc hjiiblkshc iclijttubaj bvrjffj pctutc icklvcamjrj bli`j mak bnuatk·. Ljaaj qubttcrnkik cpjrj nk qujstb qujst b lucvb icaajzkclj ’ baiulj trb qujaaj ‑bltki`j‘ sclc stbtj ebttj rkprcnurrj pjr a‛ciibskclj a ‛ciibskclj ’ M+M svcamclc ulb hbk fblbaj lë sicltbtb sicltbtb rkeajsskclj rkeajsskclj su vbrk bspjttk njaa‛brtj, su hcatk hcatk njk rjmkstrk i`j a‛bakhjltblc. Ichj spkjmblc acrc stjssk? «Ebrj kltjrbmkrj kl hcnc si`jrzcsc j icltjhpcrbljc njaaj kiclj pcp, icacrbtj j nkvjrtjltk, icl ab rbrjebttb brkstcirbtkiktä njaaj fkbli`j stbtuj hbrhcrjj njk hbsskhk siuatcrk nk cmlk jpcib nä vktb b ulb vkskclj nja hbluebttc brtkstkic kljnktb, tjljrb j krclkib, i`j bmmkulmj jhctkvktä baab erukzkclj njk mrblnk ibpcabvcrk·. Hb i‛à nk pkû? ljaab Hkllkj i`j ‑ik prcvb‘ icl Abciccltj, kl Tkppc i`j sk eb ul sjaekj sjae kj icl ab Ujljrj nk Hkac, kl Hbrmj Ykhpscl i`j biiclikb k ibpjaak baab Tbcaklb Fcrm`jsj nja Iblcvb hjltrj suc hbrktc @chjr aj eb ab pjnkiurj, j icsá vkb, klschhb kl ikbsiulc njk 2> krrjmcabrk biicstbhjltk bi icstbhjltk knjbtk nb M+M sk bvvjrtj bvvjrt j ul rkpjlsbrj brmutc njaab pbrcab ‑iabsskic‘ nk iuk cmmk tbltc sk bfusb. Nkiclc? «À ul tjrhklj iclkbtc ljaa‛044 pjr njeklkrj a‛bltkic. Hb pjr lck cmmkljssulb à iabsskic bli`j ]bat nk Nksljy. ak hjttkbhc klskjhj pjri`ë njaaj nuj ebiij qujstbLck hjnbmak hjnbmakb b pjrnj luaab, blzk vbaj ka icltrbrkc? ulb sk uhblkzzb, a‛batrb sk lcfkaktb·. J klskjhj rjmbablc ul scrrksc. BVI@K^JI^ZVBA NKMJY^ • K^BAKB
9=
N K Y I C U J V K J Y . N J Y K M L L J A T K B^ B^ ^ C
«TZL^C BK TVCNC^^K N‛JIIJ_KCLJ, BAA‛KL^JLYK^Ä NJK MZY^K, BAAB TJVEJ_KCLJ NJAAB ^JILKIB·. I@VKY^CT@JV @BI@J
JAJMBL^J.
Ka njskml trbsecrhb ikfk pcpcabrk kl ul pkbttc nk mrblnj summjstkclj.
]@C‛Y ]@C
B scak 95 bllk I`rkstcp`jr @bi`j , à `jbn i`je njaaj iuiklj nj a‛@þtja nj Irkaacl nk Tbrkmk? A‛Jirkl, ka lucvc rkstcrbltj mbstrclchkic, j ab Frbssjrkj n‛Buhclt. Buhclt. Yk à ecrhbtc ba Auibs Ibrtcl icl Babkl Yjlnjrjls, Yjlnjrjls, nk iuk `b bsscrfktc ac stkaj iabsskic. Frbssjrkjj n‛Buhclt, Frbssjrk @þtja nj Irkaacl, rcsjwccn`ctjas.ich
YCMLBLNC A‛CIJBLC A A‛ ‛ KYTKV K YTKV B_KCLJ MKBTTCLJ YJ rjmbab b qujstk uhkak eruttk nk hbrj ulb prjzkcsb nkhjlskclj jstjtkib. nk EKBHHJ^^B
EBNNB
À bnjssc, qublnc ka vjltc nja Lcrn sceekb sbffkb, aj mrblnk icli`kmakj hbrklj. Zl‛jj- vcib zkclj jhczkclbaj jhczkcl baj lbtb nbaa‛ nba a‛ klicltrc klicltr c suaaj icstj frjtclk, i`j k eruttk nk hbrj vcibzkclj sclc pkû rkvjrktk nbk pbrkmklk. Lcl njaac i`je ica Mkbppclj ncvj ab nkeejrjlzb scrprjlnj quklnk i`j baab Frbssj- trb ul pkbttc scac fuclc j ulc sufakhj rkj n‛Buhclt nja Irkaacl, rkbpjrtc rkskjnj ljaaj ijrbhki`j i`j ac biicamclc. ncpc ab aulmb rkstrutturbzkclj, aj Tck i‛à a‛brtj njaab pbrtkturb irchbtkib? ab biic stbcstrki`j skblc kl fjaab vkstb sua vkcajlzb nja ljrc j njaa‛brblikclj biicstb fblic nja irunc. irunc . Ycrprjlnj Ycr prjlnj klvjij klvj ij tb baab qukjtj nja irjhb j nja vjrnj. Nb bpjrt j i`j a‛`jbn i`je I`rkstcp`jr @bi`j uatkhc, ab ecrzb mustbtkvb? aj iczzj, bpjrtj j ka suc frbiikc njstrc Oustkl Yi`hktt ba vklc fkblic, sclc iclnktj icl cakc n‛cspjz kj sbtby7 aj vclmcaj, icl bam`j j bffkblc trkfutbtc ulc spjikbaj chbm- akvb j spjzkj mkc b iczzj, vclmcaj vclmcaj j auhbi`klj. Fuc- mrblc sbrbijlc tcrrjebttc7 aj auhbi`klj, ulb sbaklb purëj nk nrbhjttc rbmclijaac aac lksskhj, qubsk Tjr icl Ab lctb njanrbmclij nk mjakekibtb. sbakicrlkb jsbatbraj, ijrtc, `bllchb knjbtc ulbpcpcabrk. prjsjltbzkca‛ka auskclj nk ulb kliurskclj kllj bppcsktb, bnbmkblncaj kl icltjlktcrk ichpajtb a‛kaauskclj n jaa‛Btabltkic. ‛Btabltkic. i`j rki`kbhblc a‛cijblc, aj rkmbturj njaab vjrlbaj suaaj rkvj njaa
90
A J ^ C @ N C C ] J Y C V B , L C A A K V I J N A J ^ Þ @ . L L B H Y C Y G J L B @ T Ë ^ Y
hbnkb kibrc, scspjlskclk j siuaturb rcnkl
www.ibltcrk.kt
N K Y I C U J V K J Y .
TJVYCLBMMK
]@C‛Y ]@C
, Ajãab Hjli`brk ,
lbtb lja 2;60 kl ^ulkskb, `b abvcrbtc b aulmc pjr @jrhàs ichj ibpc njmak njmak uik njk icacrk njaab sjtb j njaaj vjtrklj (b sklkstrb ab sk vjnj ‑sua ibhpc‘, kl ulc sibttc nk Ëncubrn Fcufbt). Zl vcauhj jnktc nb Bitjs Yun, Ajãab Hjli`brk - Ab Vjklj Hbmj , rbiicltb ab sub bvvjlturb irjbtkvb.
Ka pctjrj njaab ebltbskb
Tjr 9: bllk AJÃAB HJLI@BVK `b irjbtc aj vkskclbrkj vjtrklj nk @jrhàs nk ruj nu Ebufcurm Ybklt-@clcrë. Yijlcmrbekj Yijlcmrbek j kl hklkbturb, icl ul tciic tci ic surrjbaj. Ich Ichjj scmlk kl 9N.
nk VZFJL HCNKMAKBLK
I‛à ul rktubaj, b Tbrkmk, i`j sk rkpjtj qubttrc vcatj a‛bllc baa‛blmcac trb ruj nu Ebufcurm Ybklt-@clcrë j ruj Fckssy n‛Blmabs? à a‛bazbtb
Ukskclk. YCTVB? ^kr ä a‛bri, baajstkhjltc njaab prkhbvjrb 2;06 knjbtc
nb Ajãab Hjli`brk pjr ab vjtrklb njaab fcutkquj @jrhàs ba 6> nk ruj nu Ebufcurm Ybklt-@clcrë, b Tbrkmk. B NJY^VB, KL BA^C? vjtrklb nk prkhbvjrb, 644;. B NJY^VB, KL FBYYC? baajstkhjltc njaab prkhbvjrb 6422. Ljssulc njmak cmmjttk irjbtk pjr aj sijlcmrbekj à stbtc hbk hjssc kl vjlnktb? tuttk sclc iclsjrvbtk kl ul hbmbzzklc/bri`kvkc. ^rbllj ul rklcijrcltj fkblic vcautc b tuttk icstk nb ul icaajzkclkstb lja 2;=0.
>4
BVI@K^JI^ZVBA NKMJY^ • K^BAKB
nja skpbrkc suaaj lucvj vjtrklj nk @jrhàs, sjmuktb nb ul frklnksk nk fucl bumurkc. Yc Yclc lc skpbrk vjrk, lbturbahjltj lja ij ijajfrj ajfrj brblikc nnjaab jaab hbkscl, qujaak i`j sk bprclc icl mrbzkb hcatc tjbtrbaj pjr ul puffakic nk bhkik, nk beejzkclbtk, be ejzkclbtk, nk iurkcsk. Kl hcatk lcl sk pjrnclc ul bppultbhjltc. Zlb njaaj prjsjlzj pkû bssknuj (lcl sk à pjrsb ul ajvjr nu rknjbu pjr 9: bllk) à stbtb, st btb, nba 2;=0 ba 6429, qujaab nk Ajãab Hjli`brk, i`j nk qujstj sijlcmrbekj ecrhbtc vjtrklb à stbtb a‛knjbtrki a‛ knjbtrkijj j ab rjmkstb. Cmmk `b pbssbtc ac sijttrc hb ka suc lchj icltklub b jssjrj ajmbtc b qujaac njaab kaaustrj ibsb erblijsj? b lcvjhfrj ulb hcstrb ba pbrkmklc Mrbln Tbabks `b rkirjbtc cttc njk suck baajstkhjltk pkû ajmmjlnbrk, j kl sjmuktc à usiktb ulb hclcmrbekb su qujstb icaabfcrbzkclj aclmjvb j pkjlb n‛khhbmklbzkclj. Ab stcrkb klkzkb lja 2;52 nbaa‛klicltrc nk nuj ncllj. Zlb à Bllkj Fjbuhja, baa‛jpcib nkrjttrkij irjbtkvb nk @jrhàs. A‛batrb à ab lcstrb prctbmclkstb. ^ulksklb, ekmakb nk ulnbkbvvcibtc j nk ‛:4 ulbvkvj pkclkjrb njk nkrkttk njaaj ncllj kl quja Tbjsj, prkhk bllk b Tbrkmk, ncvj sk à nkpachbtb nkpachbtb baa baa‛Ëicaj ‛Ëicaj njs Fjbux-Brt Fjbux-Brtss j abvcrb ichj ppkttrkij. kttrkij. J ciibskclbahjltj ichj hblljqukl? frulb, cii`k vjrnk, à ab prjejrktb
^ B F Z C F N V B Z C N Ë . V J K F Z B A
J N J H Z B A A K Z M
nk Muy Abrci`j, i`j a‛bvjvb klicltrbtb kl ^ulkskb. Ab mkcvblj Ajãab `b icl së ulb ibrtjaab nk nksjmlk? «Hk nkib ul pc‛, hb ajk à nbvvjrc
nk Ibrrbrb), ljssulc njk qubak pjlsbtc pjr jssjrj vjlnutc. Blzk? vbllc tuttk kl ul hbmbzzklc i`j bsschkmakb sjhprj nk pkû, ica tjhpc, baab
ulb scmlbtrkij!·, scmlbtrkij!·, jsiabhb a‛batrb. a ‛batrb. J ab klvktb b tcrlbrj, icl ulb rk- ibvjrlb nk Baá Fbfä. À, bli`j, ulb stbmkclj nk vkbmmk, sjhprj baab i`kjstb? «Hk nksjmlk k suck scmlk·. Bllkj Fjbuhja ab prjlnj ichj rkijrib nk tjilki`j j hbtjrkbak lucvk, nk trbnkzkclk nb sicprkrj. bsskstjltj, rucac i`j rkicprkrä icl hblskclk irjsijltk. Bk tjhpk k scak Kl tuttc qujstc, ka ajmbhj icl ka Lcrnberkib à sjhprj vkvc. Yk rjib icacrk bpprcprkbtk pjr ulb skmlcrb jrblc ka hbrrclj, ka fau j ka vjrnj spjssc b @bhhbhjt, ncvj à irjsikutb j ncvj pcsskjnj ulb ibsb nba (tuttk siurk). J ka fjkmj. «J kc klvjij bvjvc ab tjstb pkjlb nk scmlk nk hbmlkekic mkbrnklc? ab prcprkjtä aj à stbtb absikbtb nb ulb icppkb blsijlcmrbekj n‛cpjrb, nk tjbtrc, nk fbaajttc·, rkicrnb cmmk Ajãab. Lja mac-bhjrkiblb nk kltjaajttubak, kltjaajt tubak, Ojbl j Ukcajt @jlscl, nj njkk qubak blicrb 2;=0 Ojbl-Acuks Nuhbs, baa‛jpcib pbtrcl nk @jrhàs, ab lchklb b fbhfklb jrb nkvjltbtb nk vjltbtb ab fjlkbhklb. fjlkbhk lb. Bttrbvjrsc mak @jlscl ’ bhkik bh kik nk Uksicltk, Mkbichjttk, Icitjbu Ic itjbu ’ ab pkiicab ibpc njaa‛ueekikc vjtrklj j nja ichktbtc njk icacrk njaab sjtb. Lkjltj à khpcsskfkaj? Ajãab sb ichj Ajãab bvjvb sicpjrtc ul ulkvjrsc nk irjbtkvki`kjnjrj aj icsj, b ajk à nkeekikaj nkrj nk lc. Zl tä? «À stbtc b qujaa‛jpcib·, rkicrnb, rkicrnb , «i`j `c ibpktc k nuj pkabstrk njaab hkb vktb? ab fjaajzzb bhkic, ac sirkttcrj Hki`ja ^curlkjr, ab i`kbhb ‑ab rjmklb hbmb‘. Aj suj vkskclk vjlmclc trbj ab akfjrtä·. Ab sub ecrzb à prcprkc qujstb? ncttj kl rjbatä nb ulb rjtj nk brtkmkblk/brtkstk ab akfjrtä nk scmlbrj hclnk, j ab ibpbiktä nk ebrak nkvjltbrj rjbak. Yjmujlnc ab hbsskhb hb sskhb eucrk nba ichulj, ibpbik nk ebrj qubaskbsk icsb. J icsápbssbrj quja trbttc nk n kklirjnkfkak Ybklt-@clcrë Ybklt-@clc rë vjnj c mmjttk cmmjttk kEbufcurm lirjnkfkak (trb qujstk? ul mjcnj batc qubsk nuj hjtrk nbaa‛kltjrlc nbaa ‛kltjrlc klircstbtc nk irkstbaak n‛bhjtkstb, ul‛clnb kl hbrhc
i`j `b sirkttc kl ulc suck tbltk tbiiuklk nk vkbmmkc? «Njvk scacnjk mubrnbrtk bttcrlc. Ab irjbzkclj à aá? lck ik akhktkbhc b kltjrprjtbrab, icl hbmmkcr c hklcr tbajltc·. ʋ BVI@K^JI^ZVBA NKMJY^ • K^BAKB
>2
N K Y I C U J V K J Y . B V I @ K ^ J ^ ^ Z V B
]@C‛Y ]@C
Ojbl Lcuvja (2;>:) à ulc njk hbmmkcrk
bri`ktjttk icltjhpcrbljk. Nbaa‛Klstktut nu Hclnj Brbfj baab Eclnbtkcl Ibrtkjr, nba Husëj nu qubk Frblay baab Iclijrt @baa nk Icpjlbm`jl, aj suj cpjrj sclc ibrbttjrkzzbtj nb ul‛klvjlzkclj ecrhbaj icltklub.
HZY JC YC^^C HZYJC YC^^C ICTJV^ZVB Zl‛jlcrhj iupcab brmjltbtb scvrbstb ulb hkrkbnj nk jnkekik njnkibtk baa‛brtj nk kjrk j nk cmmk? à ka ACZUVJ NK BFZ N@BFK . Nksjmlbtc nb Ojbl Lcuvja j eruttc nk ul biicrnc trb Jhkrbtk j Erblikb. nk IJYBVJ NJ YJ^B
Ka Acuvrj nk Bfu N`bfk à stbtc klbumurbtc a‛0 lcvjhfrj nbaaj pkû batj butcrktä njmak Jhkrbtk Brbfk j njaab Erblikb. Yk trbttb nk ulb seknb icrbmmkcsb pjri`ë kltjlnj jssjrj ul pcltj ablikbtc nba pkû vksktbtc husjc ba hclnc vjrsc ul Tbjsj brbfc. Ka abvcrc à nurbtc fjl nkjik bllk j a‛bri`ktjttc prjsijatc à Ojbl Lcuvja, butcrj b Tbrkmk bli`j njaa‛Klstktut nu Hclnjj Brbfj i`j sk beebiikb Hcln b eebiikb suaab Yjllb. Y jllb. Nulquj pjr Lcuvja nkbacmbrj icl ka hclnc brbfc lcl à ijrtc ulb lcvktä, hb quk skbhc kl ulb pkblurb nklblzk b ulb nkstjsb n‛biqub j a‛bri`ktjttc bvjvb ka ichpktc nk irjbrj ul husjc nja tuttc nkvjrsc nbk hcatk i`j sk sclc icstruktk lja hclnc ljmak uatkhk njijllk j i`j ncvjvb bssuhjrj ul batc vbacrj skhfcakic j iclercltbrsk icl k hcatk k pbrbhjtrk khpcstk nba sktc, nba iclijttc nk husjc kl sjlsc prcprkc j nbaaj cpjrj prcvjlkjltk nbk hbmmkcrk husjk nk Erblikb. A‛bri`ktjttc `b njttc nk jssjrsk kspkrbtc kl prkhb kstblzb baaj hjnklj nksjmlblnc ul bmmrjmbtc nk :: jnkekik fkbli`k scvrbstbtk nb ul‛khhjlsb iupcab brmjltbtb nk 204 hjtrk nk nkbhjtrc. Zl‛bstrclbvj nb 6442? 6442? Cnkssjb ljaac spbzkc, ab iuk icpjrturb icltb ikrib cttchkab stjaaj hjtbaaki`j ecrbtj nb iuk pkcvj ab auij suaab ikttä-husjc. Lbturbahjltj ikbsiulb ‑ibsb‘ njvj rkspclnjrj rkspclnjrj baaj cpjrj jspcstj, rrkspjttbrlj kspjttbrlj ab lbturb j nbrj acrc ka hbsskhc rksbatc. Icsb i`j pjr ka vjrc lcl jrb rkusiktb b Lcuvja lja Husëj nu qubk Frblay. B Lcuvja à stbtc i`kjstc bli`j nk prjvjnjrj ul husjc pjrhbljltj, hb sbrä ul nksicrsc euturc. e uturc. Vjstb ka ebtt ebttc c i`j aj cpjrj crb prjsjltk sclc jsprjsskclk njaa‛kltjrb ikvkatä? nulquj cpjrj ‑hc-
6
njrlj‘ j ciiknjltbak hb bli`j njaa‛bltkib Mrjikb c baa‛Jstrjhc Crkjltj. Cr kjltj. 6
>6
BVI@K^JI^ZVBA NKMJY^ • K^BAKB
ʋ
A J U Z C L L B J O V J K A J ^ B
>
9
Brtj suaa‛kscab. suaa‛kscab. YCTVB KA ^K^CAC? Ojbl Lcuvja j Y`jkg` Yuatbl fkl ^b`lccl, 2. Ka Acuvrj nk Bfu N`bfk prcmjttbtc nb Ojbl Lcuvja? ulb ikttbnjaab njaa‛brtj scttc ulb iupcab-bstrclbvj fuibtb nb ikrib 0.444 ecrk b ecrhb nk stjaab. Ka husjc sk trcvb suaa‛kscab Ybbnkybt (kl brbfc ‑A‛kscab njaab ejakiktä‘), b :44 h nbaab icstb. 6. Nksjmlk njk vbrk rjtkicak i`j ichpclmclc ab icpjrturb nja husjc. Ab iupcab `b ul nkbhjtrc nk 20 4 hjtrk. 9. Ab ‑mrbekb‘ stjaabtb njaab iupcab sk kspkrb bk mjchjtrkshk njaa‛brtj brbfb. >. Zlb njaaj cpjrj jspcstj ba husjc, husjc, Ajbvjs ce akm`t , siuaturb nk Mkusjppj Tjlclj.
2
A‛jtkib nk ul hbttclj Khhbmklbrj j icstrukrj (ajttjrbahjltj) ul hclnc nkvjrsc sk puö. Ichj rbiicltb r biicltb ul akfrc i`j à ul vkbmmkc aulmc nkjik bllk erb aj bri`ktjtturj i`j ^BHBYYCIKB^K `b irjbtc pjr Jhjrmjliy.
l nkjik bllk nk icaabfcrbzkclj icl Mklc Ytrbnb jn Jhjrmjliy, ^bhBsscikbtk `b icstruktc cspjnbak, ijltrk nk biicmakjlzb, iaklki`j hcfkak, kl zclj nk mujrrb, ibhpk prceum`k, hclnk acltblk j nkhjltkibtk. Ichj sj ecssj ul aulmc nkbrkc nk vkbmmkc, ul akfrc nb pcic puffakibtc nb Jajitb, ^bhBsscikbtk. ^bgklm Ibrj. Bri`ktjtturj icl Jhjr mjliy (b (b iurb nk Erblijsib Yjrrbzbljttk), rbiicltb k prcmjttk, aj rjbakzzbzkclk j scprbttuttc ka pjlskjrc i`j stb nkjtrc b cmlk nksjmlc njaac stunkc nk bri`ktjtturb lbtc b Ujljzkb lja 2;;5 pjr iclkumbrj pbsskclk ikvkak j hjstkjrj. «Bffkbhc ebttc lcstrc ka hblnbtc nk Jhjrmjliy? kl ul aucmc fjaac j iurbtc sk vkvj hjmakc·, spkjmb Vbua Tbltbajc nk ^bhBsscikbtk. «A‛bri`ktjtturb à ul‛brtj scikbaj, à b sjrvkzkc·, bmmkulmj. «J lcl à qujstkclj nk funmjt, hb nk iuaturb? lck icstrukbhc aucm`k kl iuk aj pjrsclj vjlmblc biicatj catrj a‛jhjrmjlzb, catrj ka fkscmlc. Ncvj bli`j ul scac bafjrc, pkbltbtc lja njsjrtc, pbrak nk spjrblzb. Lcl icstb luaab, hb hblnb ul hjssbmmkc i`kbrc j ecrtj. Rujst‛brtj kc ab i`kbhc ‑fjaaktunklj‘·. A‛bri`ktjttc, ljaa‛knjb j ljaab prbtkib nk ^bhBsscikbtk, trbsecrhb nbaa‛kltjrlc ul prcijssc ichpajssc j mjstksij pjrsclj i`j ebllc sá i`j ul ibhpc nk jhjrmjlzb nkvjltk ul aucmc aucmc. . Tjr aj pjrsclj. BVI@K^JI^ZVBA NKMJY^ • K^BAKB >9
K
nk JAJLB NBAACVYC
a‛brjb nk bttjsb nja ijltrc KL BA^C ?
pjnkbtrkic nk Tcrt Yunbl. B YKLKY^VB? a‛kltjrlc nja pbnkmakclj nja Ijltrc Ybabh nk ibrnkci`krurmkb b G`brtcuh, kl Yunbl, icl ul bafjrc j ab icpjrturb rjbakzzbtb icl blkhj nk ecmakj nk pbahb.
N K Y I C U J V K J Y . [ C Z L M ^ B A J L ^ Y
]@C‛Y ]@C
Ujljtb, iabssj 2;02, I`kbrb Blnrjbttk sk à nkpachbtb kl Klnustrkba Klnustrk ba Njskml lja 6449 baac KJN nk Hkablc j `b sjmuktc ul hbstjr
Fjlvjlutk Fjlv bk trcpkik Iktbzkclk n‛bri`kvkc n‛bri`kvkc j kleaujlzj jiajttki`j lja prcmjttc prcmjttc prjsjltbtc nb EJLNK kl ciibskclj nk Njskml Hkbhk. nk VZFJL
Hjhcrkb rkvksktbtb.
abhpbnb kl pjrmbhjlb, ulc njmak cmmjttk nksjmlbtk nb I`kbrb Blnrjbttk pjr ]jaichj!,, ka prcmjttc ]jaichj! prjsjltbtc nb Ejlnk ac sicrsc nkijhfrj b Hkbhk. YC^^C? ka tjssutc nja nkvblc rkprjlnj ka hctkvc Tjqukl Tjqukl,, ul iabsskic njaab ibsb. B NJY^VB? ab sjnkb b nclncac icl jajhjltk kl iuckc cirb (batrc rkhblnc b Ejlnk). KL BA^C?
baab Nchus Bibnjhy. Ljaab sub rkijrib rkij rib prcvb b ulkrj iuaturb brtkmkblbaj j njskml klnustrkbaj, pjr nbrj ul tciic pcjtkic bmak cmmjttk cm mjttk nk usc quctknkblc. J hkmakcrbrj icsá aj lcstrj vktj.
HCNKMAKBLK
Bk prkhk nk nkijhfrj, cmlk bllc, b Hkbhk Hkb hk Fjbi` F jbi` brrkvblc Brt Fbsja Hkbhk Fjbi` j Njskml Hkbhk. Zlb sjttkhblb nk iuaturb j nk pbrty, pbrt y, rjsk blicrb pkû mabhcur nba iakhb trcpkibaj njaab ikttä? ul bppultbhjltc i`j pjr Ejlnk, nb nkjik bllk, icstktuksij a‛ciibskclj pjr pcrtbrj bvbltk ul pjricrsc nk rkijrib suk lucvk tbajltk nja njskml. Zl‛cpjrbzkclj nk mrblnj rjspkrc j ibrbturb. Ab prctbmclkstb nk qujstb jnkzkclj-bllkvjrsbrkc à stbtb I`kbrb Blnrjbttk ica prcmjttc ]jaichj! ]jaichj!,, iurbtc nb Hbrkb Irkstklb Nknjrc? ul sbacttc ncvj jajhjltk nja vcibfcabrkc vkskvc nk Ejlnk (hbtjrkbak, icacrk, abvcrbzkclk) sclc stbtk rjkltjrprjtbtk kl ulb i`kbvj huatkiuaturbaj, ncvj kleaussk nkvjrsk, n kvjrsk, klicltrblncsk, klicltrblncsk, irjbvblc ul‛khhbmklj
iclb, j i`j `c sv kauppbtc kl vjaautc klskjhj b Ykavkb
beebsiklbltj. «Ka pultc nk pbrtjlzb à stbtc a‛bri`kvkc Ujlturklk Ejlnk. Ljaaj abhpbnj kl pjr mbhjlb `c fcrsb Tjjgbfcc77 stcrkic nk Ejlnk, baa‛kltjrlc nja qubaj hk sclc icl- usbtc ulb abvcrbzkclj rkprjsb nbaab fcrsb Tjjgbfcc ijltrbtb sumak bllk i`j vbllc nbk ‛:4 bk ‛=4·, ‛ =4·, spkjmb pjr k iusiklk njaab sjnkb b nclncac `c sijatc ul iuckc u l acrc skhfcac. @c ab njskmljr. «A‛knjb «A‛knjb pjr ka tcp njk tbvcak, kl ibllj nk icacr cirb, ul icacrj i`j à ul pc‛ ul fbhfû rbnnrkzzbtj rbnnrkzz btj j biicstbtj, b iicstbtj, à vjlutb nbaab pja- vcautc i`j kl cmlk cmmjttc ik ecssj ul njttbmakc nba st crkb nja akiikb Bstuiik akiikb Bstuiikcc, ncvj aj pjaak jrblc abvcrbtj sjiclnc acrc bri`kvkc·. Ik sclc hcatk rki`kbhk baab stcrkb ‛ =47 qujstb mjchjtrkb. Ka hctkvc nja nkvblc à ulb iktbzkc- njskml? Mbfrkjaab Irjspk, rjmklb njaac stkaj bllk ‛=47 lj nja Tjqukl nja Tjqukl,, i`j pjr bllk à stbtc st btc ka acrc pbttjrl-k- Gcachbl Hcsjr j Ocsje @ceehbll (ekmurj nk spkiic njaab ]kjljr ]jrgstîttj, hcvkhjltc jstjtkic njmak bllk ‛24). «Zl hkx nk aklmubmmk i`j hk bppbrtjlmclc, tuttk·, prcsjmuj. «@c ijribtc nk irjbrj ul aussc prkhktkvc, kspkrbtc baa‛Berkib. nk Zl‛jajmblzb prkhcrnkbaj, ebttb hbtjrkbak hbmbrk pcvjrk. Hb icl njttbmak i`j jvciblc ka ibacrj j ac stkaj nk ulb mrblnj ibsb nk hcnb·.
>> BVI@K^JI^ZVBA NKMJY^ • K^BAKB
K V B V V J E B I Y J
I L B V E
^`j Brt kl Abulnry
N K Y I C U J V K J Y .
BY^J
A b n k j s b l n Ab mjl mj l ta tajj h j l Mak CVCACMK MKCKJAAC j aj HC^CIKIAJ^^J nb icaajzkclj sclc trb k prctbmclkstk njaaj vjlnktj baa‛klibltc i`j bprclc ka lucvc bllc. Zlb pblcrbhkib njmak jvjltk pkû crkmklbak nb Hcltjibrac b Abs Ujmbs. nk ZHFJV^B MJL^B
Nb prkhbtc. YCTVB? ulb Uklijlt Fabig Akm`tlklm ;;0 ii. Yu qujstb hctc Obig J`rjt lja 2; 2;:2 :2 skmaö skmaö a‛B Bustrbakbl ustrbakbl Abln Ypjjn Vjicr Vjicrn n Frj Frjbgklm. bgklm. BA IJL^VC? crcacmkc kl crc mkbaac j hbabi`ktj nk Tkbmjt, 2;=6, stkhb 0.444-26.444 ₡ (Brtiurkba). KL BA^C? Tjsi`j j uvb su tbvcab nrbppjmmkbtb icl pbllc nk vjaautc rcssc nk I`bracttj Ukmlcl, stkhb 2:4.444-644.444 $. (Yct`jfy‛s, ^`j Cttc Lbuhbll Ybaj). KL BA^C, B NJY^VB? Yguaas, 2;=5, nk Blny ]br`ca, sjt nk qubttrc sjrkmrbekj. Ytkhb 50.444-;4.544 ₡ (T`kaakps).
LJA HCLNC
>0
2; MJLLBKC
92 MJLLBKC
92 MJLLBKC
= EJFFVBKC
; EJFFVBKC
• AJIAJVJ
• I@VKY^KJ‛Y
• YC^@JF[‛Y
• FCL@BHY
• BV^IZVKBA
;, ruj Nrcuct, Tbrkmk
0: can Frchptcl Vcbn, Aclnrb
299> [crg bvjluj, Ljw [crg
Ybacl Vëtrchcfkaj, 2 pabij nj ab Tcrtj nj Ujrsbkaajs, Tbrkmk
Brt Lcuvjb u, Brt Nëic
Kltjrkcrs
^`j Cttc Lbuhbll Ybaj
Mrbln Tbabks, bvjluj ]klstcl I`uri`kaa, Tbrkmk Eklj ]bti`js
Vëtrchcfkaj 6420
BVI@K^JI^ZVBA NKMJY^ • K^BAKB
I‛à ul rkllcvbtc kltjrjssj pjr a‛batb crcacmjrkb nb icaajzkclj, icl ul irjsijltj bpprjzzbhjltc pjr mak crcacmk nb pcasc ejhhklkak. Nb sjhprj iclsknjrbtc ka mkckjaac hbsi`kaj pjr jiijaajlzb, a‛crcacmkc nb pcasc lbsij kl rjbatä, bmak bafcrk nja ‛;44, ichj fkocu njstklbtc baaj skmlcrj (ka prkhc nciuhjltbtc nbaab stcrkb eu rjbakzzbtc lja 2050 pjr ab icltjssb Gcsijwkiz n‛Zlm`jrkb nba hbri`kc svkzzjrc Tbtjg T`kakppj). Ka 20 mjllbkc, prjssc ac [bi`t Iauf nk Hclbic, Brtiurkba njnkib ab vjlnktb ‑Aj ^jhps jst eëhklkl‘ b ul‛cttbltklb nk crcacmk ejhhklkak kiclkik, jajmbltk icllufk nk batb crcacmjrkb j mkckjaajrkb, ekrhbtk nbaaj pkû prjstkmkcsj Hbkscl nbmak bllk ‛:4 bk 6444? nb ul crcacmkc pjlnjltj nk Tbtjg T`kakppj kl crc j zbeekrk zbee krk nja 2;56 (stkhb 94.444-:4.444 jurc) bk hcnjaak spcrtkvk nk Vcajx, eklc bk icacrbtk sjmlbtjhpc-frbiikbaj nk Tkbmjt bllk ‛=4, njicrbtk kl hbabi`ktj j abpksabzzuak (icl stkhj nbmak 0.444 bk 24.444 24.444 jurc). jurc). Nbaaj ablijttj bk hctcrk? ka 65 mjllbkc, bppultbhjltc icl aj hctcikiajttj n‛jpcib b Abs Ujmbs pjr a‛bstb nk Fcl`bhs ‑^`j ‑ ^`j Abs Ujmbs Hctcriyiaj Buitkcl‘ (prjssc ka Vkc @ctja & Ibsklc), ncvj pjr ulb rbrksskhb Uklijlt Fabig Uklijlt Fabig Akm`tlklm nja nja 2;:2 sk prjvjnj ul iclskstjltj rksuatbtc b sjk ikerj. Ac stjssc mkcrlc b Aclnrb, T`kaakps cspktb a‛bstb bllubaj ‑Jvjlklm & Nby Jnktkcls‘, njnkibtb baaj cpjrj n‛brtj kl jnkzkclk jnk zkclk akhktbtj? trb k acttk pkû sjmuktk, aj klikskclk nk Auikbl Erjun j k tjsi`k pcp sjrkmrbebtk su ibrtb nk Blny ]br`ca.
Ab ecrzb nk Zrus Kspkrbtc nba prkhc eucrkstrbnb njaab Ibsb (nk rjijltj ul jsjhpabrj à stbtc fbttutc baa‛bstb pjr qubsk >44hkab ₡), ZVZY ZVZY nk Abhfcrm`klk, ka prkhc supjr-Yuv ba hclnc, à ul iclijltrbtc nk pctjlzb, aussc j fjaajzzb. nk TBCAC HB^^JC IC__K
K
a 5 nkijhfrj 642=, ljaa‛bstb ‑Kicls‘, bppultbhjltc khprjsiklnkfkaj pjr mak bppbsskclbtk nk butc nb icaajzkclj, tjlutbsk b Ljw [crg nb VH Yct`jfy‛s, ulc njmak `km`akm`ts jrb ul Yuv Abhfcrm`klk AH446 AH/Bhjrkibl, vjlnutc pjr >5=hkab ncaabrk. Zlb ikerb khpcrtbltj, i`j tjstkhclkb a‛kltjrjssj pjr ka hcnjaac AH446, ka prkhc eucrkstrbnb ica hbri`kc nja ^crc nk Yblt‛Bmbtb Fcacmljsj. Zl prctc-Yuv i`j à bli`j ka rkejrkhjltc pjr ab lucvb Abhfcrm`klk Zrus, ka prkhc Yupjr Ypcrt Ztkakty Uj`kiaj ba hclnc. Zrus `b prcpcrzkclk jstrjhj. Ka suc njskml à purc, aj prjstbzkclk sclc klirjnkfkak. Tctjltksskhb (5:4 ibvbaak), Zrus à ebikaj, skiurc j pkbijvcaj
mrbzkj baab sub BLKHB-Bnbptkvj Ljtwcrg Kltjaakmjlt HBlbmjhjlt Yjajitcr, ka skstjhb i`j b ichblnc hcnkekib aj iclekmurbzkclk spjikeki`j pjr cttjljrj ab hkmakcrj nklbhkib nk muknb. Zrus à icsá ulb vjtturb vjrsbtkaj j ulkib. Baiulk njttbmak, aj
ecrhj kiclki`j rjkltjrprjtbtj aulmc cmlk supjrekikj njaab ibrrczzjrkb, sclc khhjnkbtbhjltj rkiclcsikfkak. Mak jajhjltk b ‑[‘ jn jsbmclbak, pjr jsjhpkc, ka iceblc bltjrkcrj icl iupcab ijltrbaj, aj pcrtkjrj sjlzb icrlkij. Ab schhb sclc akljj nklbhki`j j eauknj. K trbttk klicleclnkfkak nja icupë scttcakljblc aj crkmklk supjrspcrtkvj, hjltrj aj prcpcrzkclk jiijzkclbak jsprkhclc ecrzb, scaknktä j skiurjzzb. Zlc sirkmlc, jltrc iuk ka aussc njaa‛brtkmkblbaktä ktbakblb klicltrb tjilcacmkj n‛bvblmubrnkb, ichj ka njskml nk pablikb j struhjltk nk kspkrbzkclj bjrclbutkib ‑nrkvjr-crkjltjn‘. ‑nrkvjr-crkjltjn‘. ʋ k : pcstk nk Zrus sclc pjrsclbakzzbf pjrsclbakzzbfkak kak
B YKLKY^VB?
icl fllkturj kl hbtjrkbak nkvjrsk j, kl baiulk ibsk, icl iuikturj b icltrbstc c R-ikturb. KL BA^C, B YKLKY^VB? ab AH446? ka prkhc eucrkstrbnb nk Abhfcrm`klk. Eu prcncttc nba 2;05 ba 2;;9 j bltkikpö k mrblnk Yuv. KL BA^C, B NJY^VB? vkstb abtjrbaj nk Zrus, ka prkhc supjr-Yuv nk Abhfcrm`klk icl pcrtkjrj sjlzb icrlkij.
NJYKML
N K Y I C U J V K J Y .
VJ^4ZV NJ TBVKY K tbajltk nja njskml njskm l nk sijlb b HBKYCL&CFOJ^? ab ibpktbaj erblijsj prjhkb ab irjbtkvktä. J prcmjttkstk pultb k rkeajttcrk rkektbakblk ajttcrk suaaj pabvcrblc nknb mkcvblk c i`jprcpcstj arcpcstj bvcrblc lck. lc k.
2
nk BAJYYBLNVB UBAAK
Ab Ukaaj Auhkàrj biicmakj ka hclnc njaab njicrbzkclj? nba 2; ba 69 mjllbkc Hbkscl&Cfojt prjsjltb aj lcvktä hclnkbak njaa‛brrjnbhjltc. Eka rcumj nk qujstb jnkzkclj ab pbrcab ‑Y`cw-rcch‘? kl skltjsk, cmlulc à brtjekij nja prcprkc stkaj nchjstkic j, bli`j mrbzkj bk iblbak scikba, puö jskfkrj sjlzb ekatrk aj prcprkj knjj bfktbtkvj. A‛jvjltc pbrkmklc à abnja vjtrklb jhjrmjltk lcl. Kl pbrtkicabrj, njskmljr 6420 ànkabprcmjttkstk, nbljsj Ijikakj Hblz? jhklkhbakstb, hb icl tcii`k nk ibacrj. Ljaab sjzkcl sjzkcljj Vksklm ^bajlts ^bajlts Bwbrn ss,, njnkibtb baaj lucvj ajvj, spkiib a‛Ktbakb, icl sjk prcmjttkstk sjajzkclbtk nb batrjttbltk hjltcrk, nb Mkuakc Ibppjaaklk b Vcssblb Crablnk.
b l z H H j j k k a I j i k a
V M L J K M V N J Y [ J [ B ^ @ J C E ^
6 4 2
0
2. Ijikakj
Mumakjahc Tcajttk
Hblz, ‑njskmljr ce t`j yjbr, 6420‘ j ab sub sibajttb ^`j Abnnjr, Abnnjr, pjr Lkas @camjr Hccrhbll.
Nja 2;0=, stunkb b Hkablc j b Jkln`cvjl Jkln` cvjl ncvj rkskjnj. Vcssblb Crablnk, suc
6.
hjltcrj quk, nkij i`j ‑`b ul pjlskjrc akljbrj j nklbhkic, prckjttbtc vjrsc ka euturc‘. B Hbkscl&Cfojt jspclj ab sjrkj Jqukakfrkuh Jqukakfrkuh,, eruttc nk ulb rkstjsskclj su jqukakfrkc j erbmkaktä.
Ymbfjaac njaab sjrkj
Jqukakfrkuh nk Mumakjahc Tcajttk, Njskml Husjuh Mjlt, icaajzkclj icaajz kclj pjrhbljltj. 9. Ka tbvcac @cac @cac nk nk Gjlsbgu Cs`krc pjr Grkstbakb.
6
Gjlsbgu Cs`krc Mkbppcljsj, aburjb kl Klnustrkba Njskml, Gjlsbgu Cs`krc (hjltcrj Tkjrc Akssclk), ncpc icaabfcrbzkclk kl Ktbakb j Mrbl Frjtbmlb, `b bpjrtc ulc stunkc b Hkablc j abvcrb, trb mak batrk, icl Fc, Nj Tbncvb, Tcatrclb Erbu j _blcttb. Trjhkbtc ba Ybaclj Ybtjaaktj, lja 6425, eclnj jajhjltk ciiknjltbak icl ab iuaturb nja suc Tbjsj.
:4
BVI@K^JI^ZVBA NKMJY^ • K^BAKB
9
Ejnjrkic Tjrk Ejnjrkic Tjrk (hjltcrj Auib Lki`jttc), stunk baac Kjn nk Hkablc j icaabfcrbzkclk pcstnkpachb icl k Fcurcuaaji j Hbtbak Irbssjt, abvcrb cmmk kl prcprkc b Hkablc ichj kltjrkcr j eurlkturj njskmljr. ^jhk ^jhk b auk ibrk sclc ab pcakeulzkclbaktä j a‛kaauhklbzkclj.
>
Bltclkc Ebiic Ka abvcrc nk Bltclkc Ebiic, Ebiic, iabssj 2;;2, bffrbiikb vbrk ibhpk, nba njskml nk prcncttc b qujaac nk kltjrlk, nbaab ectcmrbflb baab mrbflib. Aburjbtcsk lja 6429 baac Kjn nk Hkablc, à stbtc lctbtc nb Mkuakc Ibppjaaklk (quk i`j jrb ljaab mkurkb.lbsijrj À klkzkbtbvbrk icsásuc ulbhjltcrj), icaabfcrbzkclj i`j `b ebttc prcmjttk, trb iuk ulb icaajzkclj nk tbvcaklk kl vjtrc.
:
>. Baajstkhjltc Zlrjba Tjrspjitkvjs nk Bltclkc Ebiic pjr Ibppjaaklk. :. Huatkeulzkclbaj, ka pjzzc Fkfakctjib Ktkljrbltj Ktkljrbltj nk Ejnjrkic Tjrk. 5. Ab sjnutb sjnutb Ujljzkb nk Hbric Abvkt Lkicrb. vbsc Jajttrb =. Njttbmakc nja vbsc Jajttrb nk Ejnjrkib Fkbsk pjr Hklmbrnc.
Hbric Abvkt Lkicrb Yjajzkclbtc nb Vcsktb Hkssclk j nk ecrhbzkclj kltjrlbzkclbaj, Hbric Abvkt Lkicrb (2;05) lja 642> b Tbrkmk, ncvj vkvj, `b eclnbtc Btjakjr Abvkt, ulc stunkc nk njskml j bri`ktjtturb. Yub ab sjnutb Ujljzkb pjr ab Fkjllbaj nk Bri`ktjtturb jn jspcstb ba Ijltrj Tchpkncu nk Tbrkmk.
5
Ejnjrkib Fkbsk Aburjbtb baac Kjn j klstujlzbtb nba njskml lcrnkic, Ejnjrkib Fkbsk (hjltcrj Blnrjb Frblzk) à brt nkrjitcr nk Hklmbrnc, j icaabfcrb ichj iclsuajltj irjbtkvb pjr bzkjlnj ichj Erbtjaak Muzzklk. B Tbrkmk prjsjltb trb a‛batrc ijrbhki`j rjbakzzbtj pjr Fcttjmb Lcvj j ul tbppjtc pjr II-^bpks.
= BVI@K^JI^ZVBA NKMJY^ • K^BAKB
:2
N K Y I C U J V K J Y . T V C M J ^ ^ K
]@C‛Y ]@C
Ebfkblb Yibvcaklk à
bhhklkstrbtcrj njajmbtc nja mruppc eclnbtc b Tjsbrc lja 2;52 nb su c pbnrj Ubatjr klskjhj ba erbtjaac Javklc. Ka suc klmrjssc kl bzkjlnb bz kjlnb rksbaj rks baj ba 2;;: ljaa‛uikc ichhjrikbaj j hbrgjtklm, pcic prkhb njaab aburjb kl Jiclchkb j Ichhjrikc baa‛Zlkvjrsktä nk Fcacmlb.
Ljmak uatkhk bllk à ibhfkbtc hcatc lja hcnc kl iuk uskbhc ab iuiklb j ka fbmlc. Tjri`ë à ibhfkbtc ka lcstrc bpprciikc baaj acrc eulzkclk? ka ikfc cmmk à iclvkvkbaktä j spjttbicac, a‛kmkjlj pjrsclbaj à ulc njk tbltk bspjttk nk ulb iurb nk së i`j kltjmrb fjljssjrj, fjljssjr j, fjaajzzb f jaajzzb j sb autj. Rujaac i`j u ul l ttjhpc jhpc jrb jssjlzkbahjltj ncvjrj à nkvjltbtc bli`j pkbijrj. Lbsij bli`j nb ul pjlskjrc nk qujstc tkpc ka prcmjttc i`j icklvcamj Yibvcaklk, bzkjlnb ajbnjr lja ibhpc njaaj iuiklj (i`j nb tjhpc pjrö jspacrb bli`j mak bhfkjltk nja akvklm j ka fbmlc), j Nkjsja. Zlb stcrkb kl jvcauzkclj? ka 6426 `b vkstc vkst c ka njfuttc nk Nkjsja nk Nkjsja Ycikba Ycikb a Gkti`jl,, ab prkhb iuiklb stunkbtb klskjhj, i`j `b pcrtbtc ulb Gkti`jl lucvb aulm`jzzb n‛clnb ljaa‛jstjtkib njaab iuiklb. Lja 6425 à stbtc svjabtc ka prcmjttc Nkjsja prcmjttc Nkjsja Cpjl ]crgs`cp, kl ]crgs`cp, kl iuk ac stjssc stkaj à stbtc bppakibtc ba fbmlc. Icacrk siurk j vcauhk ljttk pjr ul‛jstjtkib mrkltcsb, trb vkltbmj j ‑klnustrkba‘? vjtrk biicppkbtk b rjtj, njttbmak kl hjtbaac frulktc icl zkmrklbturb rjtkicabrj, rjtkicabrj, sibeebabturj vjrsbtkak. Rujaab trb Yibvcaklk j Nkjsja à ulb icaab fcrbzkclj spjikbaj, tbltc i`j ab Nkjsja ab Nkjsja Ycikba Gkti`jl à Gkti`jl à ulc njk prctbmclkstk njaac s`cwrcch Nkjsja Akvklm nk Y`blm`bk. Zlb prjsjlzb skmlkekibtkvb, nulquj, kl ul‛brjb i`j pjr Yibvcaklk `b pbrtkicabrj rkakjvc? a‛bzkjlnb klebttk `b bppjlb rkijvutc ka prjhkc ‑I`klb Bwbrns 642=‘, iclejrktc baaj khprjsj ktbakblj i`j `bllc rjbakzzbtc aj hkmakcrk pjrecrhblij icl ka mkmbltj bskbtkic? «Zl hjribtc·, spkjmb Ebfkblb Yibvcaklk, «i`j à sá hcatc acltblc ekskibhjltj nba lcstrc hb i`j à bli`j hcatc kltjrjssbtc ba mustc ktbakblc pjr ka njskml·. ʋ
Vkvca Vk vcauzkclj uzkclj hjtba Ab lucvb icaabfcrbzkclj icaabfc rbzkclj trb YIBUCAKLK j NKJYJA à ul prcmjttc njnkibtc baab stblzb nja fbmlc. Icacrk siurk, ejrrc frulktc, khhbmklj mrkltcsb. J hcatc stkaj. nk VZFJL
HCNKMAKBLK
Accg klnustrkbaj.
Nuj prcpcstj Nkjsja Cpjl ]crgs`cp. ]crgs`cp. KL BA^C? abvbfk Taum Yklg pcsbtk su pkblk kl hbrhc ljrc Hbrquklkb j pblljaak Ytcpsca Ytcpsca jeejttc rbhj su iuk sclc ekssbtk mak spjii`k. B NJY^VB ? abvbfc b klibssc su fbsk icl njttbmak kl hjtbaac (i`j rki`kbhblc ac sibeebaj Ytcig Vbig , kl eklkturb frclzc), bltj cpbi`j c kl vjtrc j njttbmak klnustrkbak. B pbrjtj, spjii`kc Aulbr Ytcig .
:6
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C K U K A
N K Y I C U J V K J Y .
Y^[AJ
]@C‛Y ]@C Batcbtjsklc Hbttjc ^`ul , spbmlcac Bltclk Batcbtjsklc spbmlcac Bltclkc c Vcnrkmujz , ulc bhb k hcltk, a‛batrc a‛batrc ka hbrj, hb sua abvcrc vbllc baa‛ulksclc. Yclc tktcabrk njaac stunkc nk klnustrkba njskml H^N-V b Hkablc j njaac stunkc nk bri`ktjtturb j kltjrkcr H^N-V I`klb b Y`blm`bk.
Cpjl bkr bapklb. bapklb. YCTVB ka nkvbljttc njaab sjrkj Hcltbmlb Hcltbmlb,, icaajzkclj Baabpjrtc icaajzkclj Baabpjrtc.. Nk Hbttjc ^`ul j Bltclkc Vcnrkmujz, Jt`khc.
Cpjl bkr, bkr, nn‛klvjrlc ‛klvjrlc Icl Baabpjrtc Hcltbmlb J^@KHC rjbakzzb ab prkhb Icl Baabpjrtc icaajzkclj bppcsktbhjltj bppcsktbhjltj stunkbtb pjr a‛cutncc a ‛cutnccrr trb k hcltk. nk EVBLIJYIB UKLIK
I‛à ul‛knjb lucvb ljaa‛brrjnbhjltc cutnccr. Njiaklbrj mak brrjnk pjr jstjrlk sjiclnc stbmkclk j aucm`k. A‛`b bvutb Jt`khc, rjijltj vkliktrkij nja prjhkc ‑Mkcvblk Khprjsj‘nk Eclnbzkclj Batbmbhhb, j lj `b beeknbtc ab rjbakzzbzkclj b ul nuc nk prcmjttkstk sjhprj klvjltkvk j nk prcvbtb jspjrkjlzb? Hbttjc ^`ul j Bltclkc Vcnrkmujz. Vcnr kmujz. Ka rksuatbtc à ab icaajzkclj Baabpjrtc. Kl pbrtkicabrj icapksij icapksi j ab akljb pjr ab hcltbmlb ’ à n‛bttubaktä, skbhc blicrb kl pkjlc klvjrlc ’ i`j `b ncvutc tjljr icltc nk pbrbhjtrk iuk nk scaktc lcl sk prjstb trcppb bttjlzkclj. Ypkjmblc k nuj njskmljr? «À ab prkhb vcatb i`j sk beercltb ka tjhb njaa‛kl&cut njaa ‛kl&cut pjr ul khpkjmc hcltblc. Yk sclc ncvutk stunkbrj rkvjstkhjltk b prcvb nk erjnnc j icl icpjrtj tjilki`j. Hjltrj pjr aj pbrtk strutturbak hcatc sljaaj j ajmmjrj sk à usbtc tjbg njibpbtc, tbrtbl j ekfrb Jtwkig Jtw kig pjr a‛kltrjiikc pabstkic·. Iurbtj bli`j aj batrj vjrskclk? pjr Mrbln @ctja ajmlc fkblic ajmlc j iusiklk hbxk j pkpklm, pjr Ibhpklm I`ki hbtjrbssklk icacrbtksskhk, Zrfbl, pjr aj mrblnk tjrrbzzj hjtrcpcaktblj, icl irchkj scfrkj j akljj puaktj.
Ichecrt pcsturbaj. pcsturbaj. B NJY^VB? ajttklc prjlnkscaj icl strutturb kl hjtbaac j tjbg njibpbtc j supjrekikj kl ekfrb Jtwkig icrtjiikb.
:> BVI@K^JI^ZVBA NKMJY^ • K^BAKB
Ichcnktä rustkib. rustkib. YCTVB? njaab sjrkj Hcltbmlb,, ka aculmj-nby fjn icl Hcltbmlb fbanbii`klc kl hbtjrkbak bltkerjnnc. Ecrhb qubnrb. YC^^C? tbvcaklc icl qubnrbtc Akljb kl tjbgHcltbmlb njibpbtc. j pkblc fbsj hjtbaakib. Hcltbmlb.
Ichecrt siczzjsj. siczzjsj. YCTVB? aculmj-i`bkr icl sjnutb kl ajmlc j rkvjstkhjltc njicrbtc icl hctkvc tbrtbl.
IVJB IVJB^CVK ^CVK NK JHC_KCLK Ljmak bllk ab lcstrb brtkmkblbaj `b klicltrbtc ab tjilcacmkb jn àsbpkjlzb nkvjltbtb jiijaajlzb nja ebrj. Ykstjhk nk brrjnbhjltc sbrtcrkbak i`j iclkumblc rbnkik hbtjrki`j j njskml icltjhpcrbljc. Ybpjr ebrj Hbnj Kl Ktbay, eulzkclbaktä j vcibzkclj kltjrlbzkclbaj. Rujstb à ab hkb Hbri`k Iuiklj.
hbri`kiuiklj.kt
N K Y I C U J V K J Y .
]B^I@JY & OJ ] J AY
@km` tji`. tji`. YCTVB? ac _jlkt` Njey Abf. B NJY^VB? ab ibssb kl Bjrclkt` njaac _jlkt` Njey Abf sk Abf sk cttkjlj icablnc kl ulc stbhpc a‛baauhklkc eusc bn batb tjhpjrbturb iuk vkjlj pck bmmkultc ulc spjikbaj pcakhjrc. Ka rksuatbtc à ulb scrtb nk si`kuhb hjtbaakib hcatc ajmmjrb j ichpbttb.
A‛BAFB NK ZLB LZCUB JVB ^jhpjrbturb, hbmljtkshc j ecrzb nk mrbvktä lcl `bllc kleaujlzb suaab prjikskclj njaac NJE[ ABF . Lucvc mrbzkj b ul nkspcsktkvc rkvcauzkclbrkc.
_JLK^@
nk MKBHTKJVC LJMVJ^^K
Ka prkhc hcnjaac à nja 2;5;, hb a‛uatkhb a ‛uatkhb vjrskclj à rkvcauzkclbrkb. Klebttk, ka lucvc lucvc _jlkt` Njey Abf à nctbtc nk ul nkspcsktkvc i`j scstktuksij ka fklchkc fklchkc fkablikjrj-spkrbaj, fkablikjrj-spkrb aj, ikcà ka nkspcsktkvc nkspcskt kvc i`j siblnksij siblnksi j ka tjhpc. Ba suc pcstc, i‛à ul ulkic crmblc nk skakikc hclcirkstbaaklc, i`j csikaab bn batksskhb erjqujlzb (240.444 batjrlblzj crbrkj icltrc aj scaktj 60.044) j i`j lcl à scmmjttc bn bttrktk c usurb, lë `b fkscmlc nk aufrkekibzkclj. Icl pbrtk pkû scttkak nk ul ibpjaac, à ul ulkic pjzzc i`j scstktuksij k ikrib 94 njk lcrhbak csikaabtcrk icl fkablikjrj fkab likjrj -spk rbaj j i`j à klsjlskfk kls jlskfk aj ba hbmljhbm ljtkshc, baab tjhpjrbturb j baab mrbvktä. Hb i‛à nk
ijrtkekibtc nbaa‛Cssjrvbtcrkc bstrclchkic nk Fjsblícl, a‛jrrcrj nk hbrikb à nk ikrib 4,9 sjiclnk/ mkcrlc, icltrc k ->/+5 nk ul irclchjtrc stblnbrn. Bli`j ab ibssb (>> hh) à ul iclijltrbtc nk tjilcacmkb kl qubltc rjbakzzbtb kl Bjrclkt`, ul ajmmjrksskhc ichpcstc jsiauskvc nk baauhkl kc i`j sjhfrb si`kuhb hjtbaakib. Ac _jlkt` Nje Njey y Abf `b hcvkhjltc butchbtkic nk hblkebtturb j pjr crb à ul iclijpt wbti`, klebttk lj sclc stbtk rjbakzzbtk scac 24 jsjhpabrk (ba prjzzc nk 94.444 jurc ikbsiulc j tuttk rksjr vbtk bk icaajzkclkstk), hb sj ka prcmjttc vjrrä svkauppbtc j klnustrkbakzzbtc k prjzzk sijlnjrbllc j sk bprkrjffj ulb lucvb jrb
pkû, pjri`ë bli`j ab prjikskclj à nb rjicrn j, j , ichj
pjr tuttb a‛crcacmjrkb.
Aj nkhjlskclk njmak crcacmk puffakibtk kl qujstb pbmklb sclc qujaaj rjbak.
:5 BVI@K^JI^ZVBA NKMJY^ • K^BAKB
C
mmk ab ibrtb à iclsknjrbtb ul hbtjrkbaj nba sbpcrj vkltbmj, ul rjtbmmkc nja pbssbtc i`j scprbvvkvj scp rbvvkvj pjr ab mkckb njk lcstbamkik. I‛à i`k pjlsb i`j skb njstklbtb b sichpbrkrj, scstktuktb nb suppcrtk nkmktbak j nb prcncttk pkû kl kllcvbtkvk, lcvbtkvk, hb i‛à i‛à i`k ab rksicprj pjr trbsecrhbrab ljaa‛cmmjttc ljaa ‛cmmjttc prjz prjzkcsc kcsc pjr jiijaajlzb? ka mkckjaac. Bltcljaab Iutcac j Mkusk Ukaablc, bri`ktjttk j eclnbtrkik nja hbri`kc Mkc nk Mkä, sk sclc kspkrbtj kspk rbtj baaj trbnkzkclk njaab acrc rjmkclj, ab Fbskakibtb, pjr nbrj vktb b ul prcmjttc i`j ulksij brtkmkblbaktä
Icsá sjhpakij, icsá prjzkcsb Nuj njskmljr auiblj irjblc MKCKJAAK KL I BV^BTJY^B BV^BTJY^B i`j vbacrkzzblc ab trbnkzkclj j rkspjttblc rkspjt tblc a‛bhfkjltj. nk MBKB TBYYK
J V C ^ B U A B Y J A J @ I K H
j njskml? lja acrc abfcrbtcrkc nk Tctjlzb irjblc mkckjaak ebttk nk ibrtbpjstb. «À ulb u lb hbtjrkb pcvjrb, sjhpakij hb rkiib nk ebsiklc, i`j bppbrtkjlj baab trbnkzkclj auiblb auibl b nb sjicak·, spkjmblc. Bffkbhc pjlsbtc nk ulkrj ab iclcsijlzb nja njskml j ab lcstrb jspjrkjlzb nk bri`ktjttk ba rjiupjrc j baab vbacrkzzbzkclj njmak bltki`k hjstkjrk·. Nbaab ibrtb nk mkcrlbaj, hjsicabtb icl biqub j icaab, lbsiclc frbiikbak, bljaak j icaablj rjbakzzbtk j njicrbtk b hblc. «Cmlk mkckjaac à ul pjzzc ulkic nba njskml batjrlbtkvc, prcncttc baa‛klsjmlb nja rkikiac irjbtkvc. irjbtkvc. Aj lcstrj irjbzkclk `bllc ul u l khpbttc bhfkjltbaj hklkhc? sclc jicmkckjaak·. Bltcljaab j Mkusk utkakzzblc aj pkbltj tkltcrkj njaab Fbskakibtb, k iuk pkmhjltk vjlkvblc usbtk us btk ekl nbaa‛bltki`ktä pjr icacrbrj tjssutk j cmmjttk? mkljstrb, ajltksic, hjltb, hbavb, sbavkb, rcshbrklc, ibhchkaab, hb bli`j hjacmrblc j spjzkj ichj iuriuhb, zjlzjrc, pbprkib, zbeejrblc, iurry. Rujstk klmrjnkjltk nclblc bk mkckjaak ab acrc icacrbzkclj j ul prceuhc ibrbttjrkstkic.
Aj irjbzkclk Mkc nk Mkä sclc rjbakzzbtj icl ibrtb, biqub, icaab, icacrk vjmjtbak. B NJY^VB ? kl chbmmkc baab tjrrb auiblb, aj nuj irjbtkvj `bllc nksjmlbtc ulb akljb njnkibtb ba pjpjrclj irusic.
KL^VBHCL^BFKAJ Trkhc qubrtc nk sjicac pjr ab pkû iabsskib njaaj icaajzkclk nk OB JM JV AJICZA^VJ . I`j ejstjmmkb icl ul crcacmkc nk hblkebtturb jajmbltj jajmblt j j nk mrblnj qubaktä. YCFVKJ^Ä. Baa‛ Baa‛klsjmlb klsjmlb nk ul‛jstjtk ul‛jstjtkib ib iabsskib, ab icaajzkclj Hbstjr Icltrca ichpkj 6: bllk. ^rb k nkvjrsk hcnjaak ulc njk pkû rjijltk à a‛Zatrb ^`kl Hccl. À ul crcacmkc hcatc jajmbltj j scfrkc, ibrbttjrkzzbtc nba qubnrbltklc qubnrbltklc buskakbrkc kl iuk sclc vksubakzzbtk ab ebsj aulbrj j ka ibajlnbrkc b ablijttb. Ibssb (9; hh) kl crc fkblic khpjrhjbfkaj fllc b :4 hjtrk j hcvkhjltc butchbtkic nk hblkebtturb j nk mrbl qubaktä (2;.=44 jurc). Trkhb nk absikbrj ab hblkebtturb, a‛Zatrb ^`kl Hccl nk Objmjr-AjIcuatrj vkjlj tjstbtc pjr 2.444 crj.
:=
N K Y I C U J V K J Y . K L L C U B _ K C L K
Kaa pctjr K pctjrjj njaab rjt rjtjj ^rb trbnkzkclj j LZCUJ ^JILCACMKJ , ulb sjrkj nk stuej (ktbakblj) (ktbakblj) pjlsbtj pjr pj r ka euturc. nk VZFJL HCNKMAKBLK A‛Kc ‛Kc^, ^, cvvjrc Kltjrljt ce ^`klms, à aa‛jstjlskclj ‛jstjlskclj njaab Vjtj b cmmjttk j aucm`k iclirjtk. Kl hcatk ac iclsknjrblc baab strjmub nk ul mbnmjt mb nmjt c, kl ul‛kpctjsk pkû fjljvcab,, qub aicsb i`j sk svkauppjr fjljvcab s vkauppjrää kkl lu ul l e uturc pkû c hjlc prcsskhc. Kl rjbatä eb mkä bhpkbhjltj pbrtj nja lcstrc prjsjltj. J kl baiulk ibsk `b pcrtbtc b rkvcauzkclk i`j `bllc ebttc pcic iabhcrj hb i`j `bllc nbvvjrc ibhfkbtc ib hfkbtc aj icsj. Lj sb qubaicsb ul‛bzkjlnb ktbakblb, Tbabzzjttk, i`j `b nctbtc aj suj stuej butchbtki`j b pjaajt kl qujstb lucvb ibpbiktä (vjnk nknbsibakb b njstrb) njstr b).. Icl cfkjttkvk kltjrjssbltk? irjbrj ul rbppcrtc r bppcrtc icltkluc icl k iakjltk7 hclktcrbrj hclktcrbrj
]@C‛Y ]@C
Ka mruppc Tbabzzjttk à lbtc b Tcrikb (TL) lja 2;:> j cmmk à m uknbtc nb Vufjl Tbabzzjttk (b njstrb, icl ab hcmakj Auikb) klskjhj bk flmak Hbric j I`kbrb (b sklkstrb). Lja acrc ibtbacmc, ibhklk j stuej ncvj a‛ kllcvbzkclj à skb skb b akvjaac jstjtkic skb nk tjilcacmkj, icl mrblnj bttjlzkclj b iclsuhk jn jhksskclk. Kl ul‛knjb nk ichecrt tctbaj.
:0 BVI@K^JI^ZVBA NKMJY^ • K^BAKB
9
nb rjhctc ka eulzkclbhjltc njmak bppbrjii`k iclsjltjlnc ulb hblutjlzkclj prjnkttkvb, rkspbrhkblnc kl hcatk ibsk a‛usiktb nja tjilkic pjr ab nkbmlcsk7 hb bli`j ibpkrj ichj vjlmclc utkakzzbtj aj stuej pjr pctjr bppcrtbrj hkmakcrkj hkrbtj b scnnksebrj jskmjlzj rjbak, sj ljijssbrkc ljijss brkc bli`j svkauppblnc lucvk prcncttk. Ab hcaj nk nbtk mjljrbtk nbmak utjltk, klebttk, à pbrbmclbfkaj b ulb ibpkaabrj spjrkhjltbzkclj sua ibhpc. I`j, ekatrbtb bttrbvjrsc bamcrkthk kltjaakmjltk, ecrlksij baa‛bzkjlnb ul hcnc rbnkibahjltj lucvc pjr buhjltbrj buhjltbrj a‛ceejrtb a‛ceejrt b j bazbrj ka akvjaac njaaj ichpjtjlzj. Rujstb sá i`j à kltjaakmjlzb.
Icltrcaac tctbaj. B YKLKY^VB?
Ouakj , stueb jrhjtkib b pjaajt, pbrtj njaab ebhkmakb Jicekrj.
Ichj tuttk k hcnjaak nk qujstc mruppc, à mjstkfkaj kl rjhctc (vkb Kltjrljt) trbhktj ab bpp i`j Tbabzzjttk `b svkauppbtc bppcsktbhjltj j i`j iclsjltj nk icltrcaabrj tuttj aj suj eulzkclbaktä.
CMLK NZJ HKLZ^K, AB ECVJY^B NK AB^KECMAKJ NJMAK Y^B^K ZLK^K ZLK^K IVJYIJ NJAAJ Y^JYYJ NKHJLYKCLK NK ZL IBHTC NB IBAIKC
Ucauhj nk bafjrk vkvk lja tjrrktcrkc ecrjstbaj, 2444 h¹
Ab lcstrb jsiauskvb hbppb kltjrbttkvb claklj utkakzzb k nbtk puffakibtk nja Yjrvkzkc Ecrjstbaj njmak Ytbtk Zlktk pjr hcstrbr hcstrbrj j k nbtk nk nkstrkfuzkclj lbzkclbaj j rjmkclbaj j aj klecrhbzkclk rkmubrnc irjsiktb j rkhczkclj njaab hbmmkcr pbrtj nk spjikj nk ajmlc nk abtkecmakj bhjrkiblj.
Tjr sbpjrlj nk pkû, vksktb BHJVKIBL@BVN]CCN.CVM
N K Y I C U J V K J Y . BMJLNB NBA HCFKAJ BA YJ^
Ajs Brts Nëicrbtkes, Nëicrb tkes, Tbrkmk
fllc baa‛22 hbrzc Ijajfrb nkjik bllk nk irjbzkclk jiajttki`j j huatknksikpaklbrk ab hcstrb ‑Iclstblij Mukssjt Njskml, Bitkc!‘, njnkibtb baa‛klvjltkvb nk Iclstblij Mukssjt, i`j abvcrb scprbttuttc ljaa‛bhfktc njaab sijlcmrbflb j nja nksjmlc klnustrkbaj. A‛jspcskzkclj nä icltc bli`j njaaj kliurskclk njaab njskmljr erblijsj lja ibhpc njaa‛brtj j njaa‛bri`ktjtturb.
KA NJYKML J BA^VK HJNKB B TBVKMK lja pjrkcnc nk Hbkscl&Cfojt, pjr siblnbmakbrj k nkvjrsk vjrsbltk njaab irjbtkvktä, j pck suaaj Ncachktk pjr bpprceclnkrj ab iclcsijlzb nk ul mrblnj brtkstb i`j prjiclkzzö a‛ knjb nk brtj ichj ichulkibzkclj macfbaj. NJTJVC J AB TZFFAKIK^Ä
nk YCLKB Y. FVBMB
Mbaajrkb n‛Brtj Icltklk, Icrtklb n‛Bhpjzzc IZA^ HCUKJ HCUKJ J NK L^CVLK
@baaj Ybklt Tkjrrj, Tbrkmk
fllc ba 92 aumakc Hbri Ibrc à ul irjbtkvc eucrk nbmak si`jhk. Nksjmlbtcrj, spbzkb nbaab huskib jajttrclkib bk vknjc, ba ikljhb n‛blkhbzkclj. Lja 2;=>, ba Ejstkvba n‛Blljiy, iclcsij ka rjmkstb Ojbl-Tkjrrj Ojuljt. Klskjhj flrhblc flah kiclkik ichj Ab ikttä pjrnutb, pjrnutb, ulb stcrkb kl pkjlc stkaj stjbhpulg, icl k icstuhk nk Ojbl Tbua Mbuatkjr. Ab hcstrb ‑Ibrc/Ojuljt‘ rbiicltb ka acrc prcfliuc scnbakzkc brtkstkic bttrbvjrsc sijlcmrbflj, iclmjmlk hjiiblkik, bfktk nk sijlb, stcryfcbrn.
54
BVI@K^JI^ZVBA NKMJY^ • K^BAKB
fllc ba 6 bprkaj Ecrtulbtc Njpjrc, pkttcrj j siuatcrj, trb k mrblnk lchk nja Euturkshc, bvjvb ulb vkskcljj prcejtki vkskcl prcejtkibb njaaj njaaj brtk j mubrnbvb mubrnbvb icl kltjrjssj bk vbrk bhfktk njaab ichulkibzkclj. Ljaab hcstrb ‑Njpjrc. Ab prcmjttubaktä‘, ulb sjrkj nk stunk kljnktk pjr ab puffakiktä knjbtk ljmak bllk ‛64.
HZYKIB TJV KHHBMKLK T`ka`brhclkj n j Tbrks
eklc ba 6; bprkaj Icl a‛bafuh Faktz nk nk Ëtkjllj Nb`c, stbr nja pblcrbhb huskibaj erblijsj, brrkvb ul‛jspcskzkclj i`j rkpjricrrj ab Mcanjl Bmj njaab huskib huskib Tcp Tcp n‛Catrbapj. Ab hcstrb ‑Nb`c. A‛bkhj bkhj Tcp!‘ à ul ul vkbmmkc pjr khhbmklk, icl icl 644 sibttk sjajzkclbtk nba ibltbutcrj? ulb pabyakst ectcmrbflib icl abvcrk nk hbjstrk ichj Muy Fcurnkl j ]kaakbh Gajkl. __
BK ICLEKLK NJAA‛BV^J
CHBMMKC B ZL HBJY^VC
Mbajrkj Grjc, Tbrkmk
Ijltrj Tchpkncu, Tbrkmk
fllc ba 6 ejffrbkc
fllc ba 69 hbrzc
J K V J A B M [ Y J ^ V Z C C J I . V G Y K J B K V A J B A T B N M L B [ Y V J ^ M - V L Z C H I V , . L L K B K V @ C I H ^ Ë K N V V J N Z L M B J © H C Y ^ J C M @ V T C = J 4 M 2 6 / K Y I K V I B - T H T B M L B H N , B Z / O C F N Y K © T K H M K C V T B J T , V Y ^ K L C J A I A © B . U J C K K N A B Z @ ^ ^ Y B ^ J L Y & Y J K Z T M T K J A K I @ L T B Y ^ J Y M L V C C I J © M
294 cpjrj rkicstruksiclc ab ibrrkjrb nk Iësbr Fbanbiiklk, lctc ichj Iësbr, prctbmclkstb nja Lcuvjbu Vëbakshj, kl ulb rjtrcspjttkvb i`j mak rjlnj chbmmkc b 64 bllk nbaab hcrtj. Yclc jspcstj aj prklikpbak sjrkj irjbtj nbaac siuatcrj, b nciuhjltbrj ul pjricrsc i`j vb nbk prkhk abvcrk kl ejrrc sbanbtc baaj hbtjrki`j ichprjsskclk, fllc baaj jspblskclk rjbakzzbtj nbaab fllj njmak bllk ‛54.
Ab spjrkhjltbzkclj suk hbtjrkbak, j kl pbrtkicabrj suaaj tjilki`j nk shbatbturb, à ka hctkvc nchklbltj njaab hcstrb ‑Acsblmj‘, njnkibtb b Vclbl j Jrwbl Fcurcuaaji, knjbaj icltklubzkclj njaab acrc prjijnjltj jspcskzkclj ‑Yjvjltjjl Yirjjls‘. Bttrbvjrsc mak cmmjttk kl ijrbhkib shbatbtb nk nk Acsblmj Acsblmj,, ab lucvb icaajzkclj nk vbsk flrhbtb nbk erbtjaak Fcurcuaaji, sk njakljb ul crkmklbaj pjricrsc lja njskml nk rkijrib, spjssc icltkmuc bk tjrrktcrk njaa‛brtj.
Jxpblskcl l´2 nk l´2 nk Iësbr, 2;5;. B NJY^VB? vbsk njaab icaajzkclj Acsblmj Acsblmj nk nk Vclbl & Jrwbl Fcurcuaaji. YC^^C? Ka mruppc njmak Ytklgy ^cys ^cys nk Tbsiba Ibrqujvkaaj, 2;=;. KL FBYYC B NJY^VB? ulc smbfjaac kl pabstkib nk T`kakppj Ytbrig. TBMKLB TVJIJNJL^J NBAA‛BA^C KL YJLYC CVBVKC? nkvblc Lufkac nk Lufkac nk Iclstblij Mukssjt pjr Tjtktj Erkturj7 fczzjttc puffakiktbrkc nk Ecrtulbtc Njpjrc pjr aj hbtktj Trjsfktjrc, 2;65. Cptbicl njs iyiacpjs, iyiacpjs, cmmjttc nk sijlb pjr Ab ikttä pjrnutb, njskml pjrnutb, njskml nk Hbnj kl Ibrc & Nblkja Bnrki. LJA ^CLNC? Ojbl-Tkjrrj Ojuljt j Hbri Ibrc. YCTVB?
B pbm. >> sk pbrab nk Hbkscl&Cfojt, ab fljrb pbrkmklb njaa‛brrjnbhjltc, kl prcmrbhhb nba 2; ba 69 mjllbkc.
NK ^Z^^K K ICACVK
Iktë nj ab Iërbhkquj, Yàvrjs
e klc ba 6 bpr bprkaj kaj Ka icacrj ljaa‛brtj j lja njskml à ba ijltrc njaab hcstrb ‑A ‑A‛jxpërkjlij ‛jxpërkjlij nj ab icuajur‘, baab b aab Iktë nj ab Iërbhkquj nk Yàvrjs. Baaj ijrbhki`j ijrbhki`j nbmak jajmbl jajmbltk tk irchbtkshk ’ nba 2=>4 ljaab hblkebtturb erblijsj sclc stbtj hjssj ’ b pultc pkû nk 2.444 lublij sk bbliblc cmmjttk kl batrk hbtjrkbak j cpjrj kl iuk ka icacrj à njtjrhklbltj.
BVI@K^JI^ZVBA NKMJY^ • K^BAKB
52
TCV^ECAKC. ^rbhj kl hcvkhjltc Mjchjtrkj, hctkvk lbturbakstkik, summjstkclk nk hclnk vkiklk j acltblk? aj lucvj icaajzkclk tjsskak vkbmmkblc kl Tbjsk jsctkik. Yjrvkzkc Yjrv kzkc nk LKICAJ^^B NJA FZCLC Jabfcrbzk Jabf crbzkclj clj ectcmrb ectcmrbek ekib ib nk n k NBUKNJ FBYYCAK
VKI@KBHK Y^CVKIK. Yummjstkvk, k tjssutk ^crijaac
i`j rkvjstj iusiklk j nkvblc, 62> ₡ ba hjtrc7 hj trc7 Hkgbnc, i`j fcrnb ka sceä, 240 ₡ ba hjtrc7 Hjnkik, i`j ecnjrb ka iusiklc fau, 2:5 ₡ ba hjtrc7 j Ibrjssj, i`j rkvjstj ka iusiklc rcssc, =6 ₡ ba hjtrc. ^uttc nk Csfcrlj & Akttaj. BVI@K^JI^ZVBA NKMJY^ • K^BAKB
59
TCV^ECAKC.
2 6 Nbk mrbekshk njaaj beeki`j bee ki`j ikljhbtcmrbeki`j klnkblj bk sbturk irchbtkshk euturkstk, baaj tjilki`j khpkjmbtj kl ect ectcmrbekb… cmrbekb…
9
>
JIAJ^^KYHC. A‛brtj j ab lbturb? pjr Njnbr aj ecltk nk kspkrbzkclj sclc hcatjpakik. 2. Ä Ä Icltrj-Ocur, Icltrj-Ocur, twkaa kl sjtb j ictclj icl pbjsbmmkc crkjltbaj trbttbtc ichj ul ljmbtkvc ectcmrbflic, ectcmrbflic, ` 2>= ih 6>5,:4 ₡ ba hjtrc. 6. Erjsic, hkstc sjtb j vksicsb, vksicsb , icl ecmakj nk pbahb rkvksktbtj kl i`kbvj i`kbvj bstrbttb j nkpkltj nb ibaakmrbfl klnkblk, ` 29: ih 206,54 ₡ ba hjtrc. 9. Abhpbssc Hblkejstc Euturkstb icl mjchjtrkj mrbfli`j nkpkltj ichjNKMJY^ abii`j crkjltbak, ` 2>0 ih 6;:,04 ₡ ba hjtrc. >. Cz, hkstc rkmbtc fbrrë kl fbrrë kl 6 icacrk j 6 vbrkbltk, ` 2>4 ih 6;:,04 ₡ ba hjtrc. 5> BVI@K^JI^ZVBA • K^BAKB
: LB^KUJ BHJVKIBL. Icl ab lucvb icaajzkclj Brbpb`cs icaajzkclj Brbpb`cs Tkjrrj Tkjrrj Erjy ik iclnuij baab sicpjrtb njaaj Ekrst Lbtkcls bhjrkiblj. Nkjtrc, ibrtb Mrbln Iblycl, Iblycl, stbhpbtb icl k tkpkik icprkibpk nk pkuhj klnkblk, 254 ₡ ba hjtrc7 nbvbltk, ibrtb ibrtb Brkgbrb Brkgbrb,, 254 ₡ ba hjtrc7 tjlnj kl tjssutc obiqubrn Lbhbtb,, b i`jvrcl, 255 ₡ ba hjtrc. Lbhbtb h jtrc.
BVI@K^JI^ZVBA NKMJY^ • K^BAKB
5:
2
ECAGACVJ LCVNKIC. ^jhk
jtlkik pjricrrclc k lucvk tjssutk nk Ibsbhblij? ab tjlnb @cwjb @cwjb kl vksicsb j pcakbhhknj, =5,5> ₡ ba hjtrc7 ka hkstc ictclj Mbrfc Mbrfc,, i`j rkvjstj nkvblc j iusiklk, 0=,54 ₡ ba hjtrc7 ka hkstc ablb j birkakic Fclmc (sua iusiklc b tjrrb), 02,;0 ₡ ba hjtrc.
55
BVI@K^JI^ZVBA NKMJY^ • K^BAKB
TCV^ECAKC.
9 6 Nbaa‛Cvjst baa‛Jst, pbssblnc bttrbvjrsc btt rbvjrsc aj sjicabrk j prjzkcsj trbnkzkclk vjljzkblj? ul trkpunkc nk njicrk tjsskak nbaab rbeeklbtb ikerb stkakstkib.
>
:
^VB CVKJL^J J CIIKNJL^J. Ljaaj lucvj icaajzkclk nk I`rkstkbl Eksi`fbi`jr iclvkvclc trbnkzkclk nkvjrsj, kltjrprjtbtj icl mustc j tjilcacmkj bttubak. 6. Iabsskic nbhbsic Ibllbrjmkc, Ibllbrjmkc, pcakjstjrj pcakjstjrj j vksicsb, icl hctkvc b jffljttc 9N. : vbrkbltk nk icacrj, ;: ₡ ba hjtrc. 9. ^jssutc nëvcrë kl nëvcrë kl pcakjstjrj j vksicsb Ybsaclm, icl Ybsaclm, icl ebltbskb b sjhkijri`k kl > vbrkbltk nk icacrj, ;; ₡ ba hjtrc. >. Obiqubrn Obiqubrn fla icupë baa cvjr cvjr Lcrikb, Lcrikb, icl icl ebltbskb nk clnj crkzzcltbak. > icacrk, =; ₡ BVI@K^JI^ZVBA NKMJY^ 5= ba hjtrc. :. Hkstc aklc stcljwbs`jn aklc stcljwbs`jn Ypjaac icl rkibhc b icrncliklc nk outb kl stkaj crkjltbaj jsjmuktc brtkmkblbahjltj kl : vbrkbltk nk icacrj, 2>: ₡• K^BAKB ba hjtrc.
TCV^ECAKC.
2 6 Ab pkû prjzkcsb trbnkzkclj fcrfclkib fcrfclkib sjttjijltjsib j aj i`klcksjrkj, brrkii`ktj icl klsjrtk kl crc j brmjltc j njiaklbtj kl kleklktj lublij.
9
>
BVI@KUK VJBAK. Nksjmlk trbttk nbmak bri`kvk fcrfclkik, hctkvk iabsskik j crkjltbak ljaaj sjtj j nbhbsi`k nk Bllbhbrkb Backs ichj? 2. ka abhpbssc Fcrfclj nk kspkrbzkclj sjttjijltjsib, icl trbhj prjzkcsj j klluhjrjvc klluhjrjvcakak vbrkbltk nk icacrj7 6. ka nbhbsic I`klcksjrkj j >. ka abhpbssc Mkbrnklk njaa‛Jnjl, jltrbhfk njaab icaajzkclj Aj vkj njaab Yjtb jn jltrbhfk kl sjtb j vksicsb, stbhpbtk b flmurj tkpkibhjltj crkjltbak7 c blicrb 9. ka abhpbssc Ukb njaab Ypkmb, chbmmkc baab ijajfrj strbnb nja aussc hkabljsj, prcncttc su crnktc nk sjtb kl 6 vjrskclk nk iuk ulb icl flak n‛crc j n‛brmjltc. ^uttk nb 2:= ₡ ba hjtrc.
:
Y^B^J. ^J. Ka hbrj j k lchk UCMAKB N‛J Y^B njaaj kscaj ljaaj lucvj icaajzkclk lucvj icaajzkclk tjsskak nk Yb`ic? ab tjlnb tjlnb kl vjaautc Iufb, kl 9 icacrk, 299 ₡ ba hjtrc7 ab tjlnb tjlnb ajmmjrb ajmmjrb kl kl vksicsb Ksi`kb, kl 2> icacrk, 29> ₡ ba hjtrc7 ka tjssutc obiqubrn Fbak kl kl hkstc ablb j ictclj b hctkvk mrbflik i`j rkvjstj ab pcatrcliklb kl prkhc pkblc, 2:5 ₡ ba hjtrc.
BVI@K^JI^ZVBA NKMJY^ • K^BAKB
5;
2
^JILC NJYKML. Nk Tbcab Lbvclj
pjr Vufjaak, tjlnj Ecakbmj M.A. M.A. kl flabtc tjilkic, icl pbahj seuhbtj kl nkmktbaj, 622 ₡ ba hjtrc. Iusiklk kl tjssutc Cuthbp Cuthbp,, ;: ₡ ba hjtrc. B tjrrb, nbhbsic hkstc ictclj I`bhbajcl,, 0 icacrk, 22; ₡ ba hjtrc. I`bhbajcl
=4
BVI@K^JI^ZVBA NKMJY^ • K^BAKB
TCV^ECAKC.
6 9 Zl beebsiklbltj ktkljrbrkc baab vcatb nk Tbjsk ibank, iba nk, pjr kaauhk kaauhklbrj lbrj nk scaj, icacrk biijsk j lbturb rkmcmakcsb quja i`j rjstb njaa‛klvjrlc.
> :
^KL^J ^VCTKIBAK. Zl trkpunkc nk icacrk jsctkik su s u rkmbtk j nksjmlk lbturbakstkik ibrbttjrkzzblc k tjssutk njaaj uatkhj icaajzkclk flrhbtj Vbap` Aburjl @chj. 6. 6. Aussurjmmkbltj Aussurjmmkbltj hkstc aklc, ictclj, vksicsb j pcakjstjrj Yblitubry pcakjstjrj Yblitubry Eacrba, ljaab vbrkbltj Iciclut, 9:6 ₡ ba hjtrc. 9. Hbtjrkic tjssutc tjilkic kl pcakprcpkajlj Outb pcakprcpkajlj Outb ]jbvj ljaab ]jbvj ljaab vbrkbltj ^kmjr Akay, 62= ₡ ba hjtrc. >. hjtrc. >. Vkmbtc kl ictclj ba 244% Trklmaj Ytrkpj, quk Ytrkpj, quk kl icacrj Fjmclkb, icacrj Fjmclkb, 6:= ₡ ba hjtrc. :. Ictclj ba 244% b mrblnk rbhbmj stcrjbak ^jb @cusj Eacrba, quk Eacrba, quk kl lublij Iacvjr, 2>>BVI@K^JI^ZVBA ₡ ba hjtrc. NKMJY^ • K^BAKB =2
TCV^ECAKC.
2 6
A‛brtj bltkib A‛brtj bltkib j hcnjrlb, hcnjrlb , ab pktturb, ab siuaturb, k njicrk nji crk bri`ktjttclkik, aj ecrhj njaab lbturb? hbirc j hkircicshk trbncttk kl trbhj j crnktk.
9
>
BY^VB^^C J EKMZVB^KUC. Chbmmk baa‛brtj j baab lbturb ljaaj lucvj icaajzkclk nk Bmjlb. 2. Hcnjrlb hkstc ictclj, sjtb j vksicsb icl mjchjtrkj vjrtkibak ,
i`j njakljblc ulb scrtb nk sg yaklj, ` 9=,2 9=,2 ih 29;,:6 ₡ ba hjtrc. 6. Hkstc sjtb j ictclj Bfstrbit Bfstrbit Brt Brt kspkrbtc baa‛cpjrb Bfstrbit baa‛cpjrb Bfstrbit Ichpcsktkcl U nk ^bhbrb nj Ajhpkigb, 2==, 2= =,29 29 ₡ ba hjtrc. 9. Nbhbsic Jiajitkib icl hbircnjicrc b icltrbstc auiknc-cpbic, kspkrbtc baab Hbncllb nk ^rbpblk nk Bltcljaac Mbmklk, 29; j 2>> ih 296,;0 ba hjtrc. hjt rc. >. Hkstc ictclj j sjtb Actus icl abvcrbzkclj ‑rjtrbttb‘ j fllkturj b rkakjvc jffljttc 9N, ` 290 ih 295,>2 295 ,>2 ₡ ba hjtrc. NKMJY^₡ • K^BAKB =6 `BVI@K^JI^ZVBA
: ECV^K IVCHKJ B ICL^VBY^C.
Icacrk njiksk pjr k tjssutk stbhpbtk ba nkmktbaj njaaj uatkhj icaajzkclk skmabtj _khhjr+Vc`nj. Ichj ka hcrfknc sbtkl nk ictclj Icshcpcaktbl 2;5 ₡ ba hjtrc7 c ka vjaautc nk nkvblc j iusiklk Klfllkty Icttcl Ejja, 2=: ₡ ba hjtrc7 j ka rkibhc baacvjr Ejstkvba, 640 ₡ ba hjtrc. ,
BVI@K^JI^ZVBA NKMJY^ • K^BAKB
=9
B H ^ I L 4 B 4 Y 9 B P Z 4 R 4 I > B ? E L J K M A K Y J J V N G A ’ K B Y U & K T A C C I C V ] B N H L [ B F G A L K C K Y ^ & I A J C A A C C ] I J T U C B A C I
A ZP ZV[ I ZY ^C H H BNJ VZMY NJY KML JN KL K^BA [ HKABLC • UKB B. HBL_CLK, >: • +9; 46 05;4:=4 ACLNCL • 56-5> FVCCG Y^VJJ^, HB[EBKV • +>> (4) 64 900= >:0;
T B V K Y
Ƶ$Ε562 (= 6%-(= HCYIC] | Y@BLM@BK | OJNNB@ | VK[BN@ | ACY BLMJAJY | FBGZ | ^J@VBL | ^CG[C | CYBGB Y
B
@
V
B
K
.
I
C
H
OBLZ BV[ 2;-6 9, 6 420 @BAA 0 ½ Y^BLN B9;
ZLB ^JLN JL_B VBIICL^B^B VBIICL^B^B B^^VBUJVYC B^^VBUJVYC CMMJ^^K, Y^CVKJ J A ZCM@K.
ECIZY. UJL^C LCV N UJL^C NJA LCVN Hbtjrkbak lbturbak, akljj hklkhba hklkhbak, k, scauzkclk prcfajh scavklm, njskml, icacrk ljutrk c lctturlk? ka Lcrn njk lcrnkik j qujaac njmak ktbakblk. sjrvkzkc b iurb nk LKICAJ^^B NJA FZCLC j BAJYYBLNVB UBAAK
atrj aj Bapk klkzkb ul hcnc nkvjrsc nk kltjlnjrj ab vktb. À ka lcstrc Lcrn, ul tjrrktcrkc i`j lcl à scac mjcmrbflic, hb purj sjltkhjltbaj, jtkic jn jstjtkic. J i`j jssjlnc pjr nkhjlskclk j mjltk bssbk nkffljrjlzkbtc, à tbaj purj kl ebttc nk irjbtkvktä. Nbaa‛Bustrkb baab Mjrhblkb, nbaab Erblikb ba Vjmlc Zlktc j su fllc baaj tjrrj siblnklbvj, aj kspkrbzkclk icl rkibnutj sua njskml nchjstkic sclc tbltksskhj, rkiclnuikfkak tuttbvkb b ulb hbtrkij scab, nk rkmcrj j ebltbskb, nkstkaabtk kl hksurj vbrkbltk sjiclnc abtktunklj. Hcatb mjchjtrkb j bli`j akljj sklucsj, trbspbrjlzj, rki`kbhk bmak cmmjttk quctknkblk, ba njskml blclkhc, baac stkaj mustbvkblc, ba Tcp. Ka mrblnj Lcrn à klschhb ul tjhb ecrtj j k njskmljr j aj bzkjlnj ktbakblj lj sclc bfflbsiklbtk. Ba pultc nb rjkltjrprjtbrac icl krclkb tuttb hjnktjrrbljb. ʋ
C
A K R B V B H C
Nuj iabsskik nk @bls O. ]jmljr j nja njskml lcrnkic kl mjljrbaj? ka tbvcaklc-eruttkj tbvcaklc-eruttkjrb rb Erukt Fcwa ( Fcwa (2;:5) 2;:5) kl biikbkc klcx j erbssklc, erbssklc, 2.0=; ₡, j ab pcatrclb ibpcabvcrc Eabm @baybrn (2;:4) (2;:4) icl strutturb kl biikbkc klcx j icrnb lbturbaj j pjaaj n‛bmljaac b pjac aulmc fkblic, ;.9:= ₡. ^uttc nb HI Yjavklk. BVI@K^JI^ZVBA NKMJY^ • K^BAKB
=:
ECIZY.
2
Ktbakb scttczjrc Icacrk erjnnk j akljj puaktj? bthcsejrj bthcse jrj lcrnki`j lja njskml nk IBYB LCY^VB .
2 ’ Bap`bfjt ce akm`t nk nk Ytunkc Fkm pjr Brtjhknj à ul skstjhb nk kaauhklbzkclj hcnuabrj. Nb =:5 ₡. • 6 ’ Tcatrclb Ksbfja Ksbfja
6
nk Eajxecrh, nb :.=25 ₡. • 9 ’ Nk Ibrac Icachfc pjr Eacu, ab abhpbnb nb tbvcac kl vjtrc j hjtbaac Ycetwklm Ycetwklm,, 2.644 ₡ ikrib. > ’ Abhpbnb Ytrklm Ytrklm nk nk Ncljmblk & Abunb pjr Vctbakblb, batb 04 c 204 ijltkhjtrk, nb 90: ₡. • : ’ Nk Tbcab Lbvclj pjr Fbxtjr, ka tbvcaklc Ukjtrk Ukjtrk kl kl erbssklc j hbrhc, prjzzc Vblnchktc nk nk Hne b rki`kjstb. • 5 ’ Yibfflbaj Vblnchktc Ktbakb, kl flfrb nk ajmlc. Hbnjklnjskml.kt,
9 > Mak klnkrkzzk njaaj bzkjlnj sk trcvblc b pbm. 254.
=5 BVI@K^JI^ZVBA NKMJY^ • K^BAKB
=95 ₡. • = ’ Nk T`kakppj Ytbrig pjr Eacs, ab abhpbnb nb tbvcac kl 6 batjzzj Fcl Ocur Ujrsbkaajs à Ujrsbkaajs à kl pcakhjtkahjtbirkabtc skhkaj ba irkstbaac j `b scrmjltj b ajn. Nb 6;: ₡ 0 ’ Nk Bltclkc Ikttjrkc pjr F&F Ktbakb ka nkvblc Vby Cutnccr , icl kltrjiikc kl pcakprcpkajlj, nb 5.6>6 ₡. • ; ’ Bppjlnkbfktk @ufjrtus nk @ufjrtus nk Hcmm, kl cttclj sbtklbtc? nb Njskmlrjpufaki, 26= ₡.
:
5 =
0
2
akljj icltjhpcrbljj pjr ac stunkc nk Hbttjc Lulzkbtk, rkibvbtc kl ulc stbfkakhjltc klnustrkbaj rjiupjrbtc.
YC^^C ?
;
C Y B V J T T J F
IKJAK LCVNKIK Icacrk ljutrk, puakzkb ecrhbaj? ac stunkc hkabljsj nk Hbttjc Lulzkbtk jvcib aj abtktunklk pkû EVJ N N J .
__
Vkibvbtc kl ulb vjii`kb ebffrkib hkabljsj hkab ljsj ncvj sk abvcrbvb ka hjtbaac, ac stunkc nk Hbttjc Lulzkbtk à ul abfcrbtcrkc nk irjbtkvktä? sk ciiupb nk bri`ktjtturb nk kltjrlk j njskml, icaabfcrblnc icl aj pkû khpcrtbltk khpcrtbltk klnustrkj klnustr kj nja sjttcrj. Ichj scttcakljb ac stjssc prcmjttkstb, ac spbzkc à stbtc pjlsbtc ichj ul ecmakc fkblic ncvj nbrj nbr j aucmc b knjj jn jhczkclk? ul mrblnj cpjl spbij b tuttb batjzzb, brrjnbtc icl pcrtj nk Aubank, auik nk kMuzzklk, fbmlc nk ^juic, ^juic, iuiklb nk Jrljstchjnb, Jrljst chjnb, hcfkakNKMJY^ nk K >•Hbrkblk. Hbrkbl k. BVI@K^JI^ZVBA K^BAKB ==
ECIZY.
‑CVMJ‘ NK AZIJ Njskml EBHKAKBVJ pjr ul auhj au hj biibttkvbltj, biibttkvbltj, i`j pkbij b mrblnk j pkiicak. Nb tbvcac c nb bppjlnjrj. Ka lchj, Fbiic lchj, Fbiic,, jvcib hktcacmki`j jffrjzzj, hb ab ecrhb, ulb fcttkmakb nk abttj, summjrksij iblncrj kllcijltj? trb aj uatkhj lbtj nk Gbrhbl, qujstb abhpbnb nb tbvcac sjlzb flak, icl nkffl uscrj kl vjtrc fkblic sbtklbtc, hcltb ajn b 6:4 auhjl j pcmmkb su ulb fbsj kl baauhklkc bhcvkfkaj. Ab fbttjrkb, r kibrkibfkaj, `b ulb butclchkb nk ikrib 5 crj.
6
B NJY^VB ?
abhpbnb-fcttkmakb Fbiic nk Gbrhbl, 9:> ₡.
2
Fr F rkvk vkn nc ib ibaanc 6
Ecrhj jssjlzkbak, rkmcrj rkmcrj hb bli`j sk sklucsk lucsktä, tä, vcmakb nk ibacrj j sjhpakiktä. Tcjskb? ka MVBLNJ LCVN mak ktbakblk ktbakblk ac pr prcmjttblc cmjttblc icsá. Hburc Akppbrklk pjr Brgjtkpc Ekrjlzj, ka nkvblc ichpclkfkaj Iyfcrm nk nk Bajssblnrc Ab Ypbnb icl tjssutc Btabs tjssutc Btabs,, nb 5.5;9 ₡. • 6 ’ ^bvcaklk Iyfcrm pjr Ukskcllbkrj, kl ajmlc, biikbkc sbtklbtc c pjaaj icl pkblc kl ajmlc c hbrhc. Trjzzc nb njfllkrj. • 9 ’ Nk Bajssblnrc Fusblb pjr Fclbanc, ka ajttc Fablgjt , nb 6.664 ₡. • > ’ Ibhkljttc Ab Vci`jaaj nk Vci`jaaj nk Tbabzzjttk, icl ecicabrj Jichclcfaciic Y55 j Y55 j icrlkij kl hjtbaac. 5.:6= ₡. 2 ’ Nk
9 =0 BVI@K^JI^ZVBA NKMJY^ • K^BAKB
>
: ’ Kspkrbzkclj lcrnkib pjr ka tbvcac tbvcac Brmc Brmc kl lcij iblbajttc hbsskiikc, njaab icaajzkclj Lbutkib nksjmlbtb nb ^chbsc Yi`kblc pjr Bllkfbaj Icachfc. 2:.;:4. • 5 ’ Nk Hkst-c pjr Erbm, a‛bppjlnkbfktk ]ccnpjigjr à à kl ajmlc, iuckc j pajxkmabs j icstb 524 ₡. • = ’ Tcatrclb aculmj Lbsu PA nk Hjltsjl pjr _kakc, khfcttktb. Nb 2.=94 ₡. • 0 ’ Nk Erbtjaak Fc, ka pcue Cttchbl kl Eurs à stbtc nksjmlbtc nb Blbacmkb Trcojit. Nb 6.5;5 ₡. • ; ’ Nk Hbrkb Mbfrkjaab _jiib pjr ^bii`klk Jnkzkclk, k vbsk kl pcrijaablb mjchjtrkik Ubsuh. Nb 6;0 ₡.
:
5
0
= Mak klnkrkzzk njaaj bzkjlnj sk trcvblc b pbm. 254.
; __
BVI@K^JI^ZVBA NKMJY^ • K^BAKB =;
ECIZY.
9
9
2
6
J Jur urcpb cpb Icltkljltba Nbaa‛Bustrkb Bustrkb baab Mjrhblkb, nbaab Erblikb ba Vjmlc Zlktc? trb VKMCVJ J EBL^BYKB jhjrmclc lucvk crkzzcltk nk irjbtkvktä.
2 ’ Hcfkaj Ichhblnjr nk nk Hbri` Mut pjr Tñ`rklmjr, kl pklc j mchhb. Trjzzc nb njfllkrj. • 6 ’ Nk Auikj Gcancvb pjr Frcgks aj abhpbnj Hbibrcl kl vjtrc j clkij. 6.:0= ₡ a‛ulb. • 9 ’ Tcstbzkclj abvcrbtkvb ^cmulb nk TjbrsclAacyn pjr Fjlj,
prjzzc b rki`kjstb. • > ’ Nk Erclt pjr Mjfrñnjr ^`cljt, ka nclncac Eurkb. 2.426 ₡.
04 BVI@K^JI^ZVBA NKMJY^ • K^BAKB
>
:
BYYCAZ^B JJNK_KC NK_KCLJ LJ AKH AKHK^ K^B B^B Lucvk cmmjttk irjbtk nba VKIKIAC? jstjtkibhjltj pjrejttk j nb rkusbrj. Ouakb Ablnskjna irjb pjzzk ulkik? ab sub icaajzkclj nk Frcgjl Tcrijabkl lbsij nbaab pbzkjltj rbiicatb nk eclnk nk hbmbzzklc, cmmjttk nk ebhkmakb, tjrrbmakj spbkbtj rjiupjrbtj nb bhkik, trbsecrhbtk icl prcijnkhjltk nk klicaabmmkc, vjtrkflibzkclj, rk-ictturb. Tjr ibpkrj i`j icsb à khpcrtbltj pjr cmlulc. Frcgjl Tcrijabkl nk Ouakb Ablnskjna.
YCTVB ?
5
: ’ Ichj ul ebrc, ab pkbltblb Tkaabr ecr Fjnhjl nk ^`chbs Vjktklmjr à kl ajmlc, prjzzc nk Oc`blljs Hc`r pjr Hc`r Tcastjr, kl pjaaj, ajmlc j nb njfllkrj. • 5 ’ ^bvcac Irbtjr nk hjtbaac, b 9N, 2.;44 ₡. • = ’ Tcatrclb Tbrks Tblbhj, nk Frulc Hcklbrn pjr Vci`j Fcfcks, 6.604 ₡. • 0 ’ Nk T`kakpp Frulk, Akttaj M à sjnkb j i`bksj-aclmuj, prjzzc nb njfllkrj.
0
= Mak klnkrkzzk njaaj bzkjlnj sk trcvblc b pbm. 254.
__
BVI@K^JI^ZVBA NKMJY^ • K^BAKB
02
ECIZY.
6
2
>
Auik brtki`j
Njskml eulzkclbaj nbaaj ecrhj HKLKHBAK j nbk hbtjrkbak lbturbak? jiic ab flacscflb nja Lcrn. Lcrn. 2 ’ Abhpbnb Ajkhu nk Hbmlus Tjttjrsjl pjr Ajkhu nk
9 :
Kkttbab, kl vjtrc scbtc j ijhjltc. ijhjltc. Nb :54 ₡ . 6 ’ Icl ab Jmm I`bkr , ab rkjnkzkclj njaab akfrjrkb Vcyba Yystjh nk Yystjh nk Tcua Ibncvkus. HI Yjavklk? qujstb ichpcskzkclj (sjnutb jsiausb) kl lcij icstb >.4>2 ₡. • 9 ’ Ymbfjaac nk Ypbij Icpjl`bmjl pjr Hbtjr, kl baauhklkc rkikiabtc j pjaaj, 0;4 ₡. > ’ Nb Njskmlrjpufaki ka tbppjtc Gkakh Ibtblkb Ibtblkb kl kl ablb nk Mblnkb Mblnkb Fabsic, :29 ₡ . : ’ Ypjii`kc-siuaturb nb pbrjtj kl Thhb, ichpclkfkaj, nk Ujrljr Tbltcl pjr Ujrpbl, 94: ₡ b pjzzc. • 5 ’ Yceb kl qujrikb nk Fðrmj Hcmjlsjl pjr Erjnjrkikb Eurlkturj. Nb >.:92 ₡ .
5
=
06 BVI@K^JI^ZVBA NKMJY^ • K^BAKB
>
0
Mak klnkrkzzk njaaj bzkjlnj sk trcvblc b pbm. 254.
;
TVCMJ^^K ICLYBTJUCAK Cmmjttk fjaak j utkak, i`j ebllc ab NKEEJVJL_B ljaab vktb njaaj pjrsclj.
24
Mkcvblj, hb mkä tbltc sbmmkc, Blgjr Fbg pultb b irjbrj prcncttk i`j rkspclnclc b jskmjlzj rjbak, jsjmuktk kl hbtjrkbak nk mrbl qubaktä j icl tjilki`j klmjmlcsj? ab Vcigklm ab Vcigklm a‛`b knjbtb pjr aj hbhhj fkscmlcsj Ljst I`bkr a‛`b nk rjabx hjltrj iuaablc ka acrc ljclbtc.
Vcigklm Ljst I`bkr Ibra @blsjl, nb 6.424 ₡.
YCTVB ?
,
= ’ Nk @îstjls, ka iusiklc nb vkbmmkc
22
kl pkuhklc j pkuhb pku hb n‛cib rkvjstktc kl ictclj. 264 ₡. • 0 ’ Abhpbnb b scspjlskclj Hccl nk Ujrljr Tbltcl pjr Ujrpbl, =59 ₡. • ; ’ Nk Ukeb @jasklgk ka nkffluscrj wkrjajss pcrtbtkaj kl vjrnj sbakij c mrkmkc, nb 9;9 ₡. • 24 ’ Kiclb nja njskml lcrnkic, ab sjnkb fjst sjaajr Yjrkj = nksjmlbtb nksjmlbtb nb Brlj Obicfsjl lja 2;:: à quk kl vjrskclj Hclci`rchj, kl rcvjrj j biikbkc vjrlkikbtk kl tkltb. Erktz @blsjl, 9;6 ₡. 22 ’ B mciikb, kl ajmlc tkltc a‛bppjlnkbfktk Nrcpkt nk nk Bss`cffl & Frcmêrn pjr Lcrhbll Icpjl`bmjl. Nb 65 ₡ b pbkc. __
BVI@K^JI^ZVBA NKMJY^ • K^BAKB
09
«BN· TJV HCVJ^^K ICHTBI^ ICHTBI^
CTJL YTBIJY NBAAJ IBHJVJ^^J BA AKUKLM? A‛BA^KYYKHB ICHTCLKFKAK^Ä NJMAK BVVJNK HCVJ^^K ICHTBI^ ICLRZKY^B ICLRZKY^ B KA YCMMKCVLC YCMMKCV LC ICL YCAZ_KCLK JBY[ J BY[,, MKCICYJ J ICACVB^J. ICACVB^J.
2
6
jakljbrj mak spbzk j k vcauhk nk ul akvklm, irjbrj bhfkjltk kltjrlk b ul bhfkjltj? Hcrjttk Ichpbit njakljb ul lucvc hcnjaac njaa‛bfktbrj i`j scnnkseb k njsknjrk njaaj ebhkmakj, k ibhfkbhjltk ibhfkbhjltk njaaj acrc jskmjlzj lja tjhpc j i`j pjrhjttj nk vkvjrj mak spbzk njaab ibsb kl brhclkb icl sj stjssk j a‛bhfkjltj. Lbtc nba glcw `cw njaa‛bzkjlnb hbri`kmkblb ljaaj ibhjrjttj, ka prcmjttc Akvklm bnbttb bnbttb ba scmmkcrlc a‛batksskhb ichpclkfkaktä njmak jajhjltk n‛brrjnc, i`j klbumurblc ul lucvc iclijpt bfktbtkvc, ncvj ac spbzkc vkjlj klicltrc baa‛jtä j baaj bttkvktä nk i`k ac ciiupb, j vkjlj prcmjttbtc prcmjttb tc j icstruktc su hksurb. Hbnkj, akfrjrkj, sirkvblkj, hcfkak ^v, wbaafcx? ka lucvc njskml cfflrj jajhjltk, biijsscrk j fllkturj jsiauskvj, rkhbljlnc ejnjaj baab sub eulzkclj prkhbrkb, cvvjrc a‛utkaktä j ab fjaajzzb. Jn jiic klebttk, pjr jsjhpkc, i`j ab zclb mkcrlc, utkakzzbtb bli`j ichj spbzkc nk abvcrc, vkjlj nctbtb nk
N
irjblnc ul abycut pkû nklbhkic j nkffljrjlzkblncsk nb tuttk mak batrk ichpjtktcr sua hjribtc. Icl ka prcmjttc Akvklm , klschhb, Hcrjttk Ichpbit ciiupb ka scmmkcrlc kl hcnc hjlc ‑strutturbtc‘, hjlc ‑iabsskic‘. J bli`j kl qujstc iclejrhb ab prcprkb vcibzkclj baa‛jicscstjlkfkaktä. Ka Hbri`kc Ykiurjzzb Icltrcaabtb j bttjstbtb nbaab ijrtkflibzkclj Rubaktbs Trbjhkuh Klnccr @k-Rubakty nja ICYHCF (Ijltrc ^jilcacmkic pjr ka sjttcrj Ajmlc-Brrjnc) mbrbltksij ab fbssksskhb pjrijltubaj nk ichpcstk crmblkik vcabtkak jhjssk nbmak brrjnk. Catrj b rkikiabrj pkû nja ;4% njk hbtjrkbak nk sibrtc, Hcrjttk Hcrjttk Ichpbit icstruksij klebttk nb bllk k prcprk brrjnk utkakzzblnc scac hbtjrkbak jicacmkik ijrtkflibtk, ichj k pblljaak jicacmkik AJF, prcncttk ba 244% icl hbtjrkbaj ajmlcsc rkikiabtc ijrtkflibtc EYI (Ecrjst Ytjwbrns`kp Iculika) b mbrblzkb njaab pkû fbssb jhksskclj ba hclnc nk ecrhbanjknj j aj vjrlkik baa‛biqub btcsski`j i`j rknuiclc a‛jhksskclj nk scstblzj lcikvj fllc ba ;:%.
ulb sirkvblkb scspjsb, j i`j aj akfrjrkj, catrj b icltjljrj vcauhk, pcssclc trbsecrhbrsk kl sibfflbak i`kusk nb bltj. Ab vjrsbtkaktä njaaj scauzkclk jrjnktb nbmak brrjnk pkû yculm bli`j ab mkcicsktä? ka icacrj, jajhjltc ibrbttjrkzzbltj nk Hcrjttk Ichpbit, klvbnj ab zclb akvklm,
J `b svkauppbtc bli`j ul lucvc skstjhb nk abiibturb, kl icaabfcrbzkclj icl Vjlljr, i`j prjvjnj a‛bppakibzkclj nk ulc strbtc prctjttkvc ZU suaaj supjrflik pkblj, b mbrblzkb nk ulb blicr pkû jiijaajltj rjskstjlzb rjskstjlzb bk njtjrmjltk njtjrmjltk i`khkik j baaj bfrbskclk bfrbskclk..
BVI@K^JI^ZVBA NKMJY^ • K^BAKB
6
6
> 2. Yj
9
kl ibsb lcl i‛à spbzkc pjr ulc stunkc, ab sirkvblkb scspjsb brrjnb ka scmmkcrlc j crnklb a‛bhfkjltj icl sjhpakiktä j rkmcrj. Ka pkblc sirkvblkb (>4 hh nk spjsscrj) kl cahc sk rbiicrnb b ul pblljaac pcstjrkcrj sjhprj kl jssjlzb ajmlc jn à bblibtc b ul mrblnj wbaafcx icl bltb. 6. Ab akfrjrkb Cutaklj Eajxb. Eajxb. 9. Zl njttbmakc njaab ichpcskzkclj Akvklm Akvklm AU249. >. AU249 AU249.. Ab hbnkb icltjhpcrbljb njaab akljb Akvklm Akvklm à à abiibtb icl scauzkclk n‛jffljttc pjr ul rksuatbtc vkskvc pkû hcssc. Ka hcfkaj jsprkhj ka suc stkaj mrbzkj ba pkblc rkfbssbtc i`j cspktb ka hclktcr ^ U j ka icltrbstc nk icacrj trb ab strutturb hbttclj j k ercltbak j ka tcp mrbfltj. Zatjrkcrj njttbmakc prjzkcsc à a‛bffklbhjltc trb ab fllkturb aksikb j qujaab hbtjrkib vjlbtb. :. Brrjnbrj ab pbrjtj nk ul akvklm lcl à hbk sjhpakij. Rujstb pkiicab ichpcskzkclj nk jajhjltk wbaafcx icl prceclnktä j batjzzj nkvjrsj irjb ul mkcic nk supjrflik j vcauhk i`j nbllc hcvkhjltc b tuttc a‛bhfkjltj. :
BVI@K^JI^ZVBA NKMJY^ • K^BAKB
9
BLLBHBVKB BACKY Ybl Ajuikc ^jssutk n‛brtj nba 200:
bllbhbrkbbacks.kt ^ja. 4069 94>456
IBYJ.
Rujstc hjsj BN vksktb, b TBVKMK , ul bppbrtbhjltc scspjsc trb hcnjrlktä j trbnkzkclj, ulb rjsknjlzb i`j rbiicltb ab pbsskclj pjr k vkbmmk j a‛brtj, ul kltjrlc cttcijltjsic kl iuk rjmlb ulb scfrkb jajmblzb, ulb nkhcrb jiajttkib vcibtb b ulb njiksb tjbtrbaktä, ulb ibsb kl iuk k icacrk sclc ab summjstkclj prkhbrkb pjr ul nëicr i`j pultb suaab icltbhklbzkclj. J pck, b HCYIB , ul acet i`j njiaklb a‛kn a‛ knjb jb nk hklkhbakshc hklkhbakshc i`ki, i`ki, j b NZFBK ka lucvc Fuambrk Vjscrt. B I J A B I K ^ L B Y
Ka pcue Ukigb kl ^ji`lcmja nk Ybwbyb & Hcrclk ba ijltrc njaa‛klmrjssc njaa‛bppbrtbhjltc hcsicvktb nk ulb iurbtrkij n‛brtj. Yuaab njstrb, ulb abhpbnb bllk ‛54 scprb ulb iclscaj rjbakzzbtb su nksjmlc. Yuaab sklkstrb, bn blmcac, ul‛cpjrb nk Cabeur Jakbsscl.
Ka hkx
pjjrejtt p ttcc Fcksjrkj n‛jpcib j cmmjttk cmmjttk nk njskml. Hbtjrkbak Hbt jrkbak YCEKY^KIB^K , , abhpk nk icacrj. J tcii`k vbmbhjltj pski`jnjakik. Zl Zl bppbrtbhjltc fcrm`jsj hb lcl trcppc. Ejakijhjltj Eja kijhjltj eucrk nbmak si`jhk. si`jhk.
Tultk ecibak. Ljaab
sbab spkiib ul mrblnj tclnc kl ijrbhkib bllk ‛:4 njaaj hblkebtturj nk Bafksscab. B tjrrb, ul tbppjtc kspkrbtc baaj mjchjtrkj nk Mkc Tcltk j rjbakzzbtc su nksjmlc. Nkvblk bllk ‛=4 kl vjaautc, pcatrclj Bnbh j Jvj nk Gjrstkl @õrakl-@cahqukst (bllk ‛:4, cmmk lja ibtbacmc nk Mufk) j tbvcaklk kl vjtrc j hjtbaac Fjaa nksjmlbtk nb Yjfbstkbl @jrgljr pjr IabsskIcl. Ab fcksjrkj, n‛jpcib, à stbtb trbttbtb icl ulb pktturb ba rbhj i`j, cssknblncsk, iclejrksij ulb pbtklb pbrtkicabrj.
00
BVI@K^JI^ZVBA NKMJY^ • K^BAKB
prcmjttc nk TBCAC TB CAC MJ L^B ^JVL BU BUBYKC BYKC
tjstc nk VZFJL HCNKMAKBLK ectcmrbflj nk HBYYKHC AKY^VK
Ka tciic klbttjsc. YCTVB? suaac spjii`kc njaa‛klmrjssc à pcstc ul abvcrc nk Hkhhc Tbabnklc. ^bvcac ktbakblc bllk ‛:4, ijrbhki`j bllk ‛:4/‛54, sjnkj rkibhbtj. Ljk rkqubnrk njaab fcksjrkj, ibrtb nb pbrbtk nk ^khcrcus Fjbstkjs. TBMKLB YJMZJL^J ? icltrcibhpc nja scmmkcrlc. Ba ijltrc ul tbvcac kl pjrmbhjlb bllk ‛>4, suaab njstrb ul hcfkaj nk Mukaajrhj j I`bhfrcl. Ukiklc ba ibhklc (ectc kl batc) pcatrclb j abhpbnb ktbakblj bllk ‛:4.
;4
BVI@K^JI^ZVBA NKMJY^ • K^BAKB
b Hujttj, b Tbrkmk, à ab qukltjssjlzb qukltjssjl zb nja qubrtkjrj rjsknjlzkbaj fcrm`jsj. Yktubtc trb ka Fcks nj Fcuacmlj, Tbssy, Butjuka j ab Yjllb, à lja PUK brrclnkssjhjlt, brrclnkssjhjlt, ulc njk pkû pkû bhfktk bhfktk njaab ikttä. Nba pultc nk vkstb bri`ktjttclkic à pkuttcstc vbrkc? jssjlnc hcatc bhfktc vk sk à sjhprj icstruktc, ica rksuatbtc i`j cmlk njibnj nja sjicac sicrsc `b absikbtc quk qubai`j jnkflikc, spjssc nk prjmkc. prjm kc. Ichj qujaac kl iuk sk trcvb a‛bppbrtbhjltc nk qujstj pbmklj, i`j
A
rksbaj bmak bllk b llk ‛54. Zlc spbzkc ab iuk knjltktä lbsij nbaa nbaa‛jqukakf ‛jqukakfrkc rkc trb ka icltjlktcrj hcnjrlc j mak chbmmk baab trbnkzkclj? pbrqujt Ujrsbkaajs, Ujrsbkaajs, fcksjrkj (butjltkib)... (butjltkib)... Jajhjltk prjsjltk nb sufktc j i`j icl a‛uatkhb rkstrutturbzkclj sclc stbtk vbacrkzzbtk j pcstk kl nkbacmc icl cmmjttk, cpjrj n‛brtj, pjzzk nk njskml. «Ka pbabzzc à hcnjrlc, icl klflssk kl biikbkc, hb lcl bffkbhc vcautc irjbrj ulc spbzkc hcnjrlkstb·, spkjmb Tbcac Mjltb ^jrlbvbskc, butcrj nja prcmjttc. «Bffkbhc sjmuktc k njsknjrk njk prcprkjtbrk? bvjrj ulb iuiklb pkû mrblnj j auhklcsb, i`j bffkbhc rjbakzzbtc ncvj i‛jrb ab sbab nb prblzc, icl ul bltkiuiklb pjr ab prkhb icabzkclj, ab hbttklb7 irjbrj ul lucvc jqukakfrkc trb ibhjrj ’ ab ibsb lj `b qubttrc ’ j fbmlk, i`j bnjssc sclc tuttk jl suktj·. Zl batrc bspjttc hcatc khpcrtbltj nja suc abvcrc à stbtc qujaac njaa‛brrjnbhjltc. Zl mkcic rbeeklbtc nk rkhblnk trb pbssbtc j prjsjltj, iclncttc icl hksurb j ul mustc pjr __
nj icrbtkvc njaa‛bppbrtbhjltc «Ik kltjrjssbvb hbltjljrj ka akvjaac njicrbtkvc njaa‛bppbrtbhjltc rjlnjlnc pjrö ka tclc hjlc ecrhbaj. Jrb tuttc hcatc hcatc fcrm`jsj, pjrejttc. ^rcppc. ^rcppc. Ichj ulb ulb fjaab skmlcrb nb spjttklbrj ul pc pc‛‛·.
Biijltk nk icacrj. YCTVB? a‛bltkiuiklb, kl ul
mkbaac vkvc j scabrj, vkjlj utkakzzbtb pjr ab prkhb icabzkclj. Aj sjnutj kl biikbkc irchbtc sclc nk @brry Fjrtckb pjr Glcaa. Ab ectcmrbflb ectcmrbflb n‛jpcib rktrbj Frkmkttj Fbrnct icl k suck iblk. Ab pcrtb kl ejrrc j vjtrc abttkhc, icl hblkmakj kl frclzc, à iustch hbnj. YC^^C? ljaab sbab t v, ul nkvblc rjbakzzbtc su nksjmlc. Yuaab ibrtb nb pbrbtk mjchjtrkib bllk ‛54 sclc bppjsj trj klikskclk tjnjsi`j nja PUKK sjicac, tuttj sua tjhb njaab Ublktbs. TBMKLB B YKLKY^VB ?
ab iuiklb ica mrblnj tbvcac nba pkblc kl spjii`kc, rjbakzzbtc su nksjmlc ichj ab pblib khfcttktb biicstbtb baab pbrjtj. Kltcrlc, ul sjt nk sjnkj nb prblzc kl hcmblc prcmjttbtj nb Csvbanc Fcrsblk (fllj bllk ‛>4) j rkvjstktj kl vjaautc. Abhpbnb b scspjlskclj Jlnajss nk Vcaa & @kaa. B pbrjtj, nuj abvcrk nk ^bgbs`k Hurbgbhk.
njttbmak pcic iclsujtk? k pblljaak nk ibrtb nb pbrbtk («pski`jnjakib·, ab njfllksij a‛bri`ktjttc), klicrlkikbtk nbaab fcksjrkj, i`j pcrtblc ul rjecac nk ecaakb irjbtkvb ljaa‛klmrjssc njaa‛bppbrtbhjltc7 aj bltj kl hkib njmak brhbnk lja icrrknckc i`j icaajmb ab pbrtj mkcrlc icl qujaab lcttj, supjrflik nbaab auhklcsktä hkljrbaj i`j nkvjltb blicrb pkû spjttbicabrj ljaa‛biicstbhjltc b ul hcfkaj nbaaj akljj sjttjijltjsi`j7 ka rkvjstkhjltc fkicacrj kl tjssutc njaab ibhjrb nb ajttc prklikpbaj, i`j irjb ul mkcic nk auik j chfrj. J ka trbttbhjltc i`j à stbtc sijatc pjr ab fcksjrkj nja mrblnj akvklm j njaab iuiklb/sbab nb prblzc? ulb pktturb ba rbhj i`j, cssknblnc, irjb ulb pbtklb hcssb j khprjvjnkfkaj. «Jrb tuttc hcatc fcrm`jsj, pjrejttc. ^rcppc. Zlb fjaab skmlcrb nb spjttklbrj ul pc‛·, prcsjmuj Mjltb ^jrlbvbskc. «Ik kltjrjssbvb hbltjljrj ka akvjaac njicrbtkvc njaa‛bppbrtbhjltc rjlnjlnc rjlnjlnc pjrö ka tclc hjlc ecrhbaj. I`j pck à ab hkb flacscflb prcmjttubaj? hk pkbiikclc aj ibsj vjrj, lcl qujaaj ncvj ncvj ul hklkhc nk nkscrnklj ichprchjttj ichprchjttj a‛khpkbltc a ‛khpkbltc njicrbtkvc. Ruk ka mkcic ructb bttcrlc b ulb sjrkj nk pultk nk eumb vkskvk? ka mrblnj tclnc kl ijrbhkib nja sbaclj, sbaclj, pjr jsjhpkc, jsjhpkc, i`j rkspjii`kb ka icrpc bmmjttbltj nja ibhklc nbaab pbrtj cppcstb njaab stblzb, j i`j trcvb ul rki`kbhc kl ul batrc mrblnj ijri`kc, ka abvcrc nk Hkhhc Tbabnklc pcstc baa‛klmrjssc· baa‛ klmrjssc·.. A‛brrjnbhjltc à ul hkx jiajttkic nk kspkrbzkclk j nk pbsskclk. Ik sclc pjzzk khpcrtbltk nk njskml ktbakblc, bli`j kl chbmmkc __
BVI@K^JI^ZVBA NKMJY^ • K^BAKB
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Njttbmak nk stkaj. stkaj. YCTVB? ab ibhjrb njk pbnrclk nk ibsb `b ul ajttc kl rbnkib nk tukb nk Icaak (bllk ‛>4) icl ichcnklk kltjmrbtk ljaab tjstbtb. Abhpbnj b scspjlskclj Hjat nk nk ^ch Nkxcl. YC^^C? blicrb ab ibhjrb. Aj pbrjtk sclc rkvjstktj kl tjssutc b nuj icacrk. Ibssjttclj j spjii`kc bllk ‛>4 j abhpbnb Ecltblb nk Hbx Klmrbln pjr EcltblbBrtj. B pbrjtj nuj scak bllk ‛:4. Ljaab lkii`kb, suaab njstrb, ul hcfkaj icltkjlj ul tjajvkscrj i`j jsij vjrsc a‛batc. TBMKLB YJMZJL^J ? lja icrrknckc i`j pcrtb vjrsc ab zclb lcttj (kl eclnc), ul hcfkaj nbaaj akljj sjttjijltjsi`j à klsjrktc trb nuj brhbnk rjbakzzbtk su nksjmlc nbaaj bltj kl hkib.
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baa‛crkmklj njk pbnrclk nk ibsb, hb bli`j erblijsj. J pck hcfkak n‛butcrj i`j spbzkblc nbmak nbma k bllk ‛>4 ba icltjhpcrbljc, icl qubai`j eumb b rktrcsc lja tjhpc, j cmmjttk nb icaajzkclj? ijrbhki`j j vjtrk vkltbmj, pkiicak pkiicak ibvbaak ibvbaak kl frclzc. frclzc. Ka iþtë iþtë fcrm`jsj à jvcibtc nb baiulj sjnkj nk Icaak, stcrkib hblkebtturb tcrkljsj lcl pkû jskstjltj, ncvj ac si`kjlbaj à rkibhbtc rkib hbtc b pkiicac pultc. Hb sclc scac tcii`k? ac spkrktc vjrc njaab ibsb à ul batrc. Ac rbiicltb ba hjmakc, ecrsj, ecrsj, ab iuiklb. Ruk trcvkbhc, bffrbiikbtb nbaab fcksjrkj, ulb zclb bttrjzzbtb nk njskml akljbrj akljb rj j mrblnj pkblc/tbvcac kl hbrhc, ul sjiclnc tbvcac nba pkblc kl spjii`kc, sjnkj prcmjttbtj nb Csvbanc Fcrsblk trb mak bllk ‛>4 j ‛:4, ulb abhpbnb icltjhpcrbljb, brtj icacrbtb j euhjttkstkib baaj pbrjtk.
Klmrjnkjltk njicrbtkvk hcatc nkvjrsk trb acrc i`j brrkvblc b njfllkrj ulb prjiksb aulm`jzzb n‛clnb jstjtkib ncvj tuttc sk biicrnb. Ka sjmrjtc nja mkcic à stbtc ibpkrj ab pjrsclbaktä njk pbnrclk nk ibsb. «Ac ‑spjttklbhjltc‘ nk iuk pbrabvc prkhb à stbtc ecrsj a‛bspjttc pkû nkikaj nk qujstc prcmjttc? k erblijsk sclc hcatc ajmbtk baaj rjmcaj·, icliaunj Mjltb ^jrlbvbskc. «Hb jrb ab ibsb stjssb b jssjrj, ica suc klsjrkrj jajhjltk n‛jpcib kl ul‛bri`ktjtturb hcnjrlb, lcl pjrejttbhjltj crtcncssb. Bffkbhc B ffkbhc prcsjmuktc kl qujstb nkrjzkclj klstburblnc nkbacm`k trb cmmjttk, cmmjt tk, trb hbtjrkbak. Tjlsblnc bli`j ba abtc prbtkic? brhbnk ichcnk nb bprkrj, tjssutk bltkhbii`kb. J icl ul cfkjttkvc fllbaj? irjbrj ul eclnbaj ibpbij nk rkstjttjrj ab pjrsclbaktä nja pbnrclj nk ibsb, sjlzb ebrac sjhfrbrj ul cspktj·. EKLJ
BVI@K^JI^ZVBA NKMJY^ • K^BAKB
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Icaajzkclk. Lja
sbaclj, ectc su abhkjrb clnuabtb nk OV7 nbvbltk ba ibhklc, sjnkb j pcmmkbpkjnk Fkrn nk @brry Fjrtckb pjr Glcaa Kltjrlbtkclba. Nkvblc j pcatrclb AI6 nk Aj Icrfuskjr, Tkjrrj Ojblljrjt j I`bracttj Tjrrkbln pjr Ibssklb. Nbvbltk baab flljstrb, ul mclm ibhfcmkblc. Abhpbnj Fcurmkj nk Ejrruiikc Abvkblk pjr Gbrtjaa. Kl prkhc pkblc, Fbrijaclb nk Hkjs vbl njr Vc`j pjr Glcaa Kltjrlbtkclba. TBMKLB YJMZJL^J? nuj cpjrj nk Iabunklj Nrbk j Lknc kl pcrijaablb j rbhk kl frclzc nk Yyavkj Icqujt.
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BVI@K^JI^ZVBA NKMJY^ • K^BAKB
Auij kltjrkcrj Icaajzkclk n‛brtj j nk vkbmmkc, kiclj nja njskml, spbzk spbz k njakhktbtk njakhktbtk nb pblljaakk hcfkak j vjtrk kl ul pblljaa ul bppbrtbhjltc b TBVKMK rkstrutturbt r kstrutturbtcc nb ul mrblnj icuturkjr. Icl pbrtkica pbrt kicabr brjj bttjlzkc bttjlzkclj lj baa‛ baa‛jssjlzk jssjlzkbak baktä tä nk cmlk njttbmakc, njttbmakc, ichj kl ul rkibhc. kltjrkcr njskml nk @ZFJV^ FBVVÀVJ tjstc nk YJVMJ MAJK_JY ectcmrbflj nk PBUKJV FËOC^
K ^ K N J V I
BVI@K^JI^ZVBA NKMJY^ • K^BAKB
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BVI@K^JI^ZVBA NKMJY^ • K^BAKB
Ybirc j prceblc. prceblc. TBMKLB TVJIJNJL^J? ljaa‛klmrjssc, icpkb njaab Ujrmklj j ka Fbhfklc nja Nkttkic nk Hjaul, Hjaul, nk Ojbl Ecuqujt (a‛crkmklbaj à ba Husjc n‛Blvjrsb). n‛Blvjrsb). Nbvbltk baab pbrbtkb, pcatrclb Hklm nja Yjkijltc prcvjlkjltj nbaab Ikttä Trckfktb (Mbajrkj Obiqujs Fbrràrj). Yiuaturj kl frclzc nk ]blm Gjpklm (Hbmnb Nblysz Mbaajry). B NJY^VB ? ectc nk Ybfklj Tkmbaaj i`j rjkltjrprjtblc qubnrk nk Obl vbl Jyig7 nbvbltk, trj stbtujttj Hbyb njaa‛044. ^rb k vbrk cmmjttk nk qujstb ]ulnjrgbhhjr, hbsi`jrj flakppklj j ul vbsc kl tjrrbicttb klncljskblc njicrbtc icl musik n‛ucvc.
cl rkhblj trbiikb baiulb nk qujaac i`j qujstc spbzkc jrb lja PUKK sjicac, cvvjrc aj pbrtk ichulk n‛ul `þtja pbrtkiuakjr nja Hbrbks. J ljhhjlc ljhhjlc nk qujaac i`j nkvjltö ljaa‛Cttcijltc, ljaa‛C ttcijltc, ikcà ul pkiicac tjbtrc pjr fbhfklk. @ufjrt Fbrràrj, nkrjttcrj br tkstkic njaab Hbkscl Ajsbmj, j ebhcsc icrsjtkjr njaab `butj icuturj pbrkmklb, a‛uchc i`j `b trbsecrhbtc ka fustc nb struhjltc nk icstr kzkclj kl struhjltc nk pkbijrj j nk sjnuzkclj, `b biibltclbtc kl qujstc ibsc rkibhk, pjraj j pbkaajttjs pjr iclijltrbrsk su ul jsjrikzkc pjr auk nja tuttc lucvc, ab rkstrutturbzkclj njaa‛bp-
L
pbrtbhjltc nk ulb icppkb nk bhkik. Ichhksskclj bssultb pjr bffljttc, qujstb, nba hchjltc hchjltc i`j ljaa‛uatkhc bllc Fbrràrj `b bli`j nksjmlbtc k icstuhk nk Ichfbt , ab lucvb irjbzkclj nja icrjcmrbec akcljsj Nbvy Frul, j ulb ibpsuaj icaajitkcl pjr ka hbri`kc nk aklmjrkj VcumjMcrmj. Kltjrkcr njskmljr j bppbsskclbtc bppbsskclbtc n‛brtj, lj `b ebttc ul acet icltjhpcrbljc j ibanc i`j `b njicrbtc icl aj icaajzkclk njk pbnrclk nk ibsb, cmmjt tk nk njskml j cpjrj n‛brtj icltjhpcrbicltjhpcrbljb. Zlc spbzkc hcatc pbrkmklc sua qubaj sclc pablbtk rkicrnk nk vkbmmkc. Yuc ka nëicr, nulquj, hjltrj ab strutturb à stbtb hcnkflibtb bnblnc b ul bri`ktjttc ka prcmjttc nk rjlnjrj __ nklbhkic ac spbzkc jn jsbatbrlj ab auhklcsktä.
BVI@K^JI^ZVBA NKMJY^ • K^BAKB
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Nkskhpjmlc irjbtkvc. B NJY^VB?
ab iuiklb, icl pbrqujt kl rcvjrj j hcfkaj abiibtc fkblic. TBMKLB YJMZJL^J? ab sbab nb prblzc. Yuaab pbrjtj, bssjhfabmmkc nk jajhjltk kl mjssc nk Fjrlbrn Trbz7 iclscaj kl ajmlc abiibtc Hklm, stbtuj nk Funn`b j njk suck nksijpcak kl ajmlc ncrbtc nja Yjkijltc prcvjlkjltk nbaab Fkrhblkb (Mbajrkj Obiqujs Fbrràrj)7 scttc ka tbvcac nk Jjrc Ybbrkljl (Glcaa), sjnkj Acuks M`cst nk nk T`kakppj Ytbrig (Gbrtjaa). Iblnjakjrk kl frclzc brmjltbtc nja PUKKK sjicac, ulb icppb Ibrac Hcrjttk bllk Yjttbltb (Bltki`ktä Njichkakclbrtj, Ujljzkb).
«K prcprkjtbrk vkvjvblc baa‛jstjrc baa ‛jstjrc j ijribvblc ijribvblc ul bppbrtbhjltc b ul pkblc batc icl ulb fjaab vkstb akfjrb. Hb qublnc bffkbhc sicpjrtc qujstc pkblctjrrb bpjrtc su ul fjaaksskhc icrtkaj, `bllc bvutc ul vjrc icapc nk euahklj·, spkjmb ac stkakstb. Baac sicpc nk hcnkflibrj ka abycut j nbrj vktb b lucvk spbzk, ljaab `baa à stbtb irjbtb ulb vjtrbtb strutturbtb ichj ul scttc b ibssjttclk. Ab auij à stbtb jmubahjltj rkhcnuabtb, mrbzkj bk mkci`k nk prceclnktä prceclnktä j ibhfkc nk vcauhk j batjzzj nja hjzzblklc j bk pbrbvjltk nk ajmlc sicrrjvcaj n‛kspkrbzkclj n‛kspkrbz kclj mkbppcljsj. Eclnbhjltbaj, ljaab rknjfllkzkclj njmak spbzk, a‛kaauhklbzkclj. Hcnuabfkaj, sk brtkicab kl tuttk k icacrk njaa‛bricfbajlc mrbzkj b ul skstjhb nk nchctkib hcatc scflstkibtc. Vksuatbtc? ijltciklqubltb ijltciklqubl tb hjtrk qubnrbtk scttc ul scttc batc sjk hjtrk.
244
BVI@K^JI^ZVBA NKMJY^ • K^BAKB
«Kltrbprjlnjrj ab rkstrutturbzkclj nk ul bppbrtbhjltc lcl à pck tbltc acltblc nbaab iclejzkclj nk ul icrsjttc c nk ul rkibhc·, lctb Fbrràrj. «À ulb qujstkclj nk brhclkb, nk icjrjlzb, nk i`kbrjzzb. A‛jssjlzkbaj jssjlzkbaj à rkspjttbrj rk spjttbrj a‛blkhb nja aucmc, j quklnk tcmakjrj tuttc ikö i`j à krrkajvbltj, ul icacrj klbpprcprkbtc, ul njttbmakc strbhpbabtc, ul hcfkaj c ulb tjab sjlzb sjlsc·. sjlsc·. Bspjttc ljijssbrkc pjr trbsecrhbrj a‛bppbrtbhjltc ljaab sibtcab nk ulb icaajzkclj jiajttkib j icacrbtb, hjssb klskjhj lja icrsc nk luhjrcsk vkbmmk, à ab scfrkjtä. scfrkjtä . Tjr qujstc ka njicrbtcrj sk à kspkrbtc baab puakzkb njaab rjbakzzbzkclj njaa‛bri`ktjttc n‛kltjrlk n‛k ltjrlk Ojbl-T`kakppj Ojbl-T`kakppj Mbuvkl? tclbaktä ljutrj pjr k hurk, pbrqujt fkclnc ba sucac pjr scstktukrj ab pkjtrb nk Fcrmcmlb crkmklbaj, pbrbtkj nk vjtrc j nk ajmlc. __
^rbspbrjlzj.
njakhktbtc nb ul pblljaac kl
B NJY^VB?
vjtrc, lja sbaclj à stbtc rkibvbtc ulc spbzkc pjr ac stunkc. Yua ajttc, iusiklk biqukstbtk nurbltj k vkbmmk njk prcprkjtbrk. TBMKLB YJMZJL^J?
ljaab stblzb pbnrclbaj, sua hurc kl spjii`kc, bttcrlc b ul rktrbttc flrhbtc Jrwkl Cabe, baiulj hklkbturj nk Ybfklj Tkmbaaj kspkrbtj baab pktturb flbhhklmb7 b sklkstrb, nkpkltc nk Hbrg Vynjl7 sua fbuaj, ul rktrbttc nk Iëaklj Fbrràrj.
Zl rkmcrj qubsk hclbibaj kl icltrbstc icl ab scvrbffclnblzb njicrbtkvb i`j eb nujttbrj aj cpjrj n‛brtj (nk Iabunklj Nrbk, OV OV,, Jrwk Jr wkll Cabe, ]blm Gjpklm, Gjpk lm, scac pjr iktbr i ktbrlj lj baiulk) baiul k) icl aj kiclj nja njskml icltjhpcrbljc flrhbtj Aj Icrfuskjr, Hkjs vbl njr Vc`j, Jjrc Ybbr Y bbrkljl. kljl. «Kl tuttj aj irjbzkclk brtkstki`j, tjltbtkvk jn jrrcrk sclc eclnbhjltbak. Ab sijlcmrbflb nk ulb icaajzkclj, nk ul‛jspcskzkclj c nk ul bppbrtbhjltc rkspclnj bmak stjssk irktjrk. À ulb qujstkclj n‛cii`kc, ul jqukakfrkc hcatc scmmjttkvc trb ulb stcrkb nb rbiicltbrj, ul pc‛ nk pskicacmkb j ul sbiic n‛ kltukzkclj·, nkij Fbrràrj. «Rujstc abvcrc, nja tuttc lucvc pjr
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BVI@K^JI^ZVBA NKMJY^ • K^BAKB
hj, à stbtc ulb rkvjabzkclj. Hb hk `b scprbttuttc nkhcstrbtc ka ajmbhj i`j jskstj trb ab hcnb j ab njicrbzkclj n‛kltjrlk. Kl akljb nk hbsskhb ulb nkrjzkclj brtkstkib, qubaulquj jssb skb, iclskstj ljaa‛bvjrj ulb vkskclj. J qujstc rkmubrnb bli`j a‛kltjrkcr njskml, i`j lcl à ul sjhpakij jsjrikzkc nk stkaj, hb pkuttcstc ulb rkstjsskclj pjr irjbrj spbzk tjljlnc icltc njmak stkak nk vktb bttubaj. Tjlsc pjr jsjhpkc baab iuiklb, i`j kl qujstc bppbrtbhjltc à b tuttk mak jffljttk ulc spbzkc vkssutc j nk iclnkvkskclj·. Ljaa‛brhclkcsb ulkclj nk tjilcacmkb, kaauhklbzkclj j kspkrbzkclj i`j irjblc, klskjhj, aucm`k fjaak, icltjhpcrbljk j ebikak nb vkvjrj. EKLJ
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BVI@K^JI^ZVBA NKMJY^ • K^BAKB
BL^KIB IBAHB B Tbrkmk, Tbrkmk, kl ul bppbrtbhjltc bppbrtbhjltc suaab VKUJ MBZI@J ncvj rjmlb ul‛ ul‛ knjb nk scfrkb jajmblzb, ka njskml n‛butcrj nkbacmb icl k sjmlk njaab mrblnjur m rblnjur cttcijltjsib. prcmjttc nk LKICAB HBHJAK „ kltjrkcr njskml nk Y^ËT@BLJ CAKUKJV tjstc nk HBVKC MJVCYB „ ectcmrbflj nk MKAAJY ^VKAABVN Lublij. B YKLKY^VB? lja sbaclj, ul abhpbnbrkc nk Vcfjrtc Mkuakc Vknb icl 62
jajhjltk kl vjtrc cpbaklc, jsjhpabrj ulkic, scvrbstb ka nkvblc rkvjstktc icl vjaautc nk Njnbr, bblibtc nb nuj pcatrclj Trbm` nk Hbnsjl & Yi`ufjaa njmak bllk ‛:4, Trbm` nk rkvjstktj icl vjaautk Vufjaak. Yirkttckc svjnjsj nja ‛=44. KL BA^C? ulb pcatrclb Jmm Jmm nk Brlj Obicfsjl (Erktz @blsjl) biibltc b ul klfllkty k lfllkty hkrrcr ktbakblc bllk ‛54.
BVI@K^JI^ZVBA NKMJY^ • K^BAKB
24:
245
BVI@K^JI^ZVBA NKMJY^ • K^BAKB
«Ab pkbltb jrb bskhhjtrkib, lcl squbnrbtb, squbnrbtb, iichj chj klvjij suiijnj ljaab hbmmkcr pbrtj njmak bppbrtbhjltk njaab Tbrkmk `busshbllkblb·.
Y
brä pjr k tjlnbmmk i`j sijlnclc hcrfknk nbmak batk scttk, sbrä pjr k icacrk tjluk njmak brrjnk, c ecrsj pjr ab auij lbturbaj i`j klclnb mak bhfkjltk, flatrblnc nbaaj mrblnk pcrtjflljstrj bfflbiikbtj sua fbaiclj i`j sk slcnb aulmc tuttc ka pjrkhjtrc njaa‛bppbrtbhjltc. Ijrtc à i`j qujstb ibsb lja iucrj nk Tbrkmk, kl fcuajvbrn Ybklt-Mjrhbkl, ab strbnb pkû ebhcsb njaab Vkvj Mbui`j, kspkrb ul mrblnj sjlsc nk ibahb j nk sjrjlktä. Ruk luaab à eucrk pcstc, ljssul njttbmakc stclb ljaab huskibaktä nkfflusb nk qujstk spbzk bhpk j brkcsk i`j rbiicltblc ab vcibzkclj baab mrblnjur nk ulb rjsknjlzb cttcijltjsib, i`j njaab sub flskclchkb crkmklbrkb `b iclsjrvbtc bli`j aj jajmbltk hcnblbturj kl mjssc j mak khpcrtbltk ibhklk kl hbrhc. Njk abvcrk prjakhklbrk nk rkstrutturbzkclj, rkstrutturbz kclj, i`j `bllc pjrhjssc pjrhjssc nk iclvjrtkrj ulc spbzkc njstklbtc b uik kl ul bppbrtbhjltc nk 944 hjtrk qubnrbtk, sk à ciiupbtc a‛bri`ktjttc Lkicab Hbhjak, i`j ncpc mak stunk kl Ktbakb, kl Tcrtcmbaac j kl Ikaj j ul pjrkcnc nk ecrhbzkclj ljaac stunkc nk Nchklkquj Tjrrbuat, a‛bri`ktjttc njaab Fkfakct`àquj Lbtkclbaj, `b bpjrtc b Tbrkmk ka suc stunkc, a‛Btjakjr LHB. «Kl crkmklj kl qujstj stblzj i‛jrblc njmak uik·, uik·, spkjmb Hbhjak. «Bf fkbhc fkb hc nc ncvutc vutc abv abvcrbr crbrjj hcatc hcatc sumak sumak spbzk. spbzk. Mak bhfkjl bhfkjltk tk jrblc jrblc hc hcatc atc pbrijaakzzbtk j lcl ichulkibvblc trb acrc, j pck i‛jrb jrb ul icrrknckc strjttksskhc, i`j bffkbhc ncvutc bhpakbrj. Hb scprbttuttc à stbtc ljijssbrkc rknjfllkrj ab ecrhb njaab pkbltb, i`j lcl jrb squbnrbtb, ichj bvvkjlj bvv kjlj ljk tkpkik tkpkik bppbrtbhjltk `busshbllkblk, hb jrb bskhhjtrkib, j ik `b spkltc b rkpjlsbrj aj prcspjttkvj·. Zlb vcatb njfllktc a‛klvcauirc bri`ktjttclkic, à kltjrvjlutc Ytëp`blj Cakvkjr, i`j sk à njnkibtc baa‛kltjrkcr baa‛ kltjrkcr njskml, ijriblnc fll nbaa‛klkzkc nk trbshjttjrj ul sjlsc nk pbibtjzzb, scttcakljblnc ab pjrsclbaktä njaab ibsb sjiclnc ulb ikerb stkakstkib hcatc pjrsclbaj. Nb sjhprj ulb ichpcljltj ichpcljltj jssjlzkbaj njaac stkaj nk Cakvkjr à ul‛knjb nk jajmblzb scfrkb, klsiklnkfkaj nb ul mrblnj mustc pjr tuttc ikö i`j à lbturbaj. Baa‛klkzkc Baa‛ klkzkc njaab sub bttkvktä kl qujstc ibhpc, baab fllj njmak bllk ‛;4, trbttbvb hcfkak nb mkbrnklc nja ‛=44 __
^jxturj. B YKLKY^VB? ul
nkvblc nk Hcatjlk & I brrkii`ktc nb iusiklk nk ibs`hjrj lja scmmkcrlc prklikpbaj. Kl prkhc pkblc, trj tbvcaklk kl ajmlc ecsskaj icl fbsj kl ejrrc. Yua ibhklc, ul‛cpjrb nk Iurtks Ojrj nja 2;50. Aj abhpbnj nb tbvcac j nb tjrrb, rjbakzzbtj kl vjtrc j frclzc, sclc nksjmlbtj nb Ytëp`blj Cakvkjr. B sklkstrb sua eclnc, ul Bltajr icffljj tbfaj kl cttclj j vjtrc nk Brt`ur Icurt, Icur t, knjbtc ljmak bllk ‛=4.
BVI@K^JI^ZVBA NKMJY^ • K^BAKB
24=
^ktcac nknbsibakb. B YKLKY^VB?
skt kaksskl rj`jlks bpjaks quj ljh ncacr rj, knjrejrspja jcsskhb mlbtjh jsjruh ljt abfc. Lbh js pjrspkn kmlkjlkb vkn quk chhcs jt qukbs vkn quj lcljh but `brkfus bs b s qucs jx jtuh jvjljst bfcrjpr cvknkmj ltkblnbh lcfktbtkbh ncauptbj lk suhjlnks kpsbj
Trjsjlzj. YCTVB? ab
sbab nb prblzc. ^bvcac cvbaj Icrtklb kl ajmlc nk rcsb nk Yvbltj Ygcm`, 2;54. Yjnkj vkltbmj Yjrkjs = nk nk Brlj Obicfsjl rkvjstktj Icrtklb kl kl vbii`jttb, abhpbnb nb tjrrb nk Brrjncauij, bllk ‛: ‛:4. 4. Baab pbrjtj, ulb icaajzkclj nk pkbttk kl pcrijaablb nk Tkjrc Ecrlbsjttk. TBMKLB TVJIJNJL^J? ul batrc sicrikc njaab sbab nb prblzc. Biibltc ba icffljj tbfaj knjbtc nb Ytëp`blj Cakvkjr, icl vjii`k jajhjltk nk ejrrc, nuj pcatrclj bllk ‛:4 nk Yvbltj Ygcm` pjr Yîj Hõfjaebfrkg. Abhpbnb Tbprkgb Tbprkgb nk nk Bllb-Aksb ^`chscl ^` chscl pjr Zpsbab-Jgjfy, 2;54. Yiuaturb kl flfjrmabss nk ul rklcijrcltj.
BVI@K^JI^ZVBA NKMJY^ • K^BAKB
24;
224
BVI@K^JI^ZVBA NKMJY^ • K^BAKB
Hbtjrkbak. B YKLKY^VB ? ab stblzb pbnrclbaj. Yua ajttc, ul icprkajttc
nk @jrhàs j iusiklk nk _khhjr + Vc`nj7 ab pbrjtj baaj spbaaj njaab tjstbtb à stbtb rkvjstktb icl pblljaak kl qujrikb qu jrikb rjbakzzbtk su nksjmlc njaa‛bri`ktjttc. njaa‛bri`kt jttc. Ba nk scprb njaab ichhcnj nk Brlj Ucnnjr, ul‛cpjrb cpjrb nk Ocrnk Baibrbz. Yua eclnc, b sklkstrb, ulb siuaturb cttcijltjsib kl mjssc. YCTVB? ab sbab nb fbmlc, icl aj pbrjtk rkvjstktj kl hbrhc.
j njaa‛044, lcli`ë rblbtksskhj rcsj bltki`j. Tck, qublnc `b bpjrtc ulc spbzkc ba ijajfrj hjribtc njaa‛bltkqubrkbtc nk YbkltCujl, bmak brrjnk nb jstjrlc `b bblibtc ul‛bttjltb sjajzkclj nk hcfkak siblnklbvk, rkejrkhjltk cffakmbtk nja njskml i`j mubrnb ba rbppcrtc trb uchc j bhfkjltj. J blicrb cmmk sjmuj qujaab flacscflb, ljaab sub mbaajrkb b Ybklt-Mjrhbkl-njs-Trës, ncvj prjsjltb mak cmmjttk cmmjtt k kl baajstkhjltk baajs tkhjltk iclijpktk ichj pkiicak pkiicak hclnk b pbrtj. «Ab lctb nkstkltkvb nk qujstb ibsb à ul‛knjb nk lbturbaktä, njiaklbtb pjrö sjiclnc ul‛knjb ecrtj nk icltjhpcrbljktä·, spkjmb Cakvkjr. «Yk sjltj ab vcacltä nk rjstbrj su icacrk tjluk, icl tjssutk nbk tclk scfrk, brrjnk rjbakzzbtk rjbakz zbtk kl ajmlc nk qujrikb i`kbrc, ichj ka pbrqujt? ulb pbajttj irchbtkib hcatc ncaij·. Zl sjlsc nk pbibtjzzb icltrbstbtb icltrbst btb nb baiulk rkusiktk jpkscnk, ichj ab sbab nb prblzc, pkû siurb, icl ul mrblnj m rblnj tbvcac kl pbakssblnrc njmak bllk ‛54. B qujstb sjrjlb brhclkb nk icacrk rkspclnclc, kl ul rkusiktc icltrbppultc, icltrbppultc, mak brrjnk rjbakzzbtk su nksjmlc njaa‛bri`ktjttc Hbhjak, i`j sk à bvvbasc njaab icaabfcrbzkclj nk brtkmkblk ktbakblk, j baiulk b aiulk pjzzk kiclkik, i`j njlctblc ulb lctjvcaj rkijribtjzzb? lja sbaclj rctclnc spkiib ul abhpbnbrkc nk Vcfjrtc Mkuakc Vknb, ul njskmljr brtkstb pjr vjrk kltjlnktcrk, ba pbrk njaac svjnjsj Yvbltj Ygcm`, butcrj nk ul tbvcac t bvcac siuatcrjc bttcrlkbtc nb sjnkj nk Brlj Obicfsjl. «Tck ik sclc bli`j baiulk brrjnk j ichpajhjltk ichpa jhjltk flrhbtk nb mkcvblk irjbtkvk·, bmm kulmj Cakvkjr, i`j kl qujstc hcnc `b vcautc snrbhhbtkzzbrj a‛butcrjvcajzzb nja njskml kiclkic j biijltubrj ul‛knjb nk icltjhpc i cltjhpcrbljktä. rbljktä. EKLJ
BVI@K^JI^ZVBA NKMJY^ • K^BAKB
222
Bthcsejrj.
lja icrrknckc ijltrbaj ibhpjmmkb ka pbpkjr pblcrbhkquj Ab Iktë Knëbaj, cpjrb nk Uklijlt Nbrrë, B NJY^VB?
khprjzkcsktb nb ulb abltjrlb nk Obiqujs Bnljt. Yua eclnc, nbvbltk b ul pbpkjr pjklt nk Ojllkejr Y`crtc, ulb pcatrclb ncrbtb j bffkmakbtb baab hblkjrb njk hcfkak nja ibfkljt turic nja icltj n‛Brtcks lja pbabks nu ^jhpaj, b Tbrkmk.
226
Ab vktb
à scmlc Zlb spkiibtb tjbtrbaktä à ab lctb nkstkltkvb nkstkltk vb njaa‛bppbrtbhjlt njaa‛bppbrtbhjltcc pbrkmklc nk UKLIJL^ NBVVË , i`j `b irjbtc ulc sijlbrkc nchjstkic clkrkic j vkskclbrkc. kltjrkcr njskml nk UKLIJL^ NBVVË tjstc nk T@KAKTTJ YJZAAKJ^ ectcmrbflj nk MZKAABZHJ NJ ABZFKJV ectcmrbflj
BVI@K^JI^ZVBA NKMJY^ • K^BAKB
229
22>
l mkcrlc Uklijlt Nbrrë, i`j pjr sjk bllk eu ka frbiikc njstrc nk Gbra Abmjrejan nb Ejlnk, i`kjsj baac stkakstb? «Hb ichj ebk b ibhfkbrj icl tbltb ebikaktä ka aucmc kl iuk bfktk, j b nksebrtk icsá ebikahjltj njaaj t uj icaajzkclk3·. icaajzkclk3·. «Zl‛batrb «Zl‛batrb prkhbvjrb, ul batrc bhcrj, ibltbvb Hbrajlj Nkjtrki`? ka pbssbtc lcl icltb·, mak rkspcsj ka suc hjltcrj j bhkic. «Ncpc ab vjlnktb baa‛bstb nk tuttk k
Ybklt-Acuks, Abakquj j I`rkstcstj. Kl jffljttk, Uklijlt Uk lijlt Nbrrë sk sjltj pkû vkiklc baaj br tk njicrbtkvj nj icrbtkvj i`j ba njskml. nj skml. «Kl Erblikb ab lcstrb ecrzb ecrz b à ab qubaktä njk hjstkjrk trbnkzkclbak, i`j vbllc rjklvjltbtk·, spkjmb. «Fjli`ë bpprjzzk bli`j ka njskml nurc j purc njk erbtjaak Fcurcuaaji j nk Hbri Ljwscl, pjlsc i`j sk ncvrjffj tcrlbrj ba iclijpt njmak bllk Ujltk, qujaac njmak brrjnbtcrk i`j rjbakzzblc pjzzk ulkik·. Zlb flacscflb sjrvktb ichj muknb? pjr ebr rjbakzzbrj aj prcprkj irjbzkclk, ka pbnrclj nk ibsb sk à ikriclnbtc nk ul‛ëqukpj nk hbrhkstk, frclzkstk,
hkjk cmmjttk, baab fllj nja 6425, `c ibpktc icsb vcajssj nkrj, i`j lcl à hbk trcppc tbrnk pjr ulb lucvb vktb·, lctb Nbrrë, njskmljr icl ul‛khpcrtbltj jspjrkjlzb lja hclnc njaab hcnb, i`j rjijltjhjltj `b baajstktc qujstc bppbrtbhjltc ba pkblc lcfkaj nk ul `ctja pbrtkiuakjr pbrkmklc nja PUKKK sjicac. Ab ibsb à kl ruj Vcybaj, trb pabij nj ab Iclicrnj j ab i`kjsb njaab Hbnjajklj. Ab sijatb nk qujstb strbnb lcl à ibsubaj, nbtc i`j fllc ba 2;0; quk sk trcvbvb ab Hbkscl Oblsjl j i`j tuttcrb quk `bllc ab acrc sjnj mrblnk frbln erblijsk, ichj Nbuh,
eclnktcrk, eclnktc rk, tbppjzzkjrk, spjikbakstk nk abhpbnj, nk vjtrbtj j nk pktturb njicrbtkvb, nk klikskclj sua vjtrc, nk ‑hbrqujtjrkj nj pbkaaj‘. K abvcrk nk Nbrrë sclc bblibtk nbaaj cpjrj njk irjbtkvk j njmak brtkstk i`j prjnkakmj? Gkh Hcatzjr, Eëakx Bmcstklk, Tkjrrj Aj ^bl, Jrki Yi`hktt, ^b`jr I`jhkrkg, Kmcr Njwj, Bajxblnrj Acmë, Brkstknj Lbojbl, Csbllb Uksicltk, iuk ebllc nb icltrbppultc icltrbppultc cmmjttk prcvjlkjltk prcvjlkjltk nbk hjribtklk hjribtklk j nbaaj mbaajrkj njmak bhkik bltkqubrk. Lj à njrkvbtc ul brrjnbhjltc hcatc crkmklbaj, i`j pjr ijrtk bspjttk rkicrnb ab pcjtkib vkskclbrkb __
Z
Jiajttkshc. B NJY^VB? abhpbnb Akfjaauaj Akfjaauaj nk Uklijlt Nbrrë pjr Yjhjur n‛Jtckajs su ulb iclscaj kl hbrhc j pkjtrb abvkib lja sbaclj. Tcue nk Hbri Fblgcwsgy. Yuaab njstrb, abhpbnb nk Jhhbluja Fcssujt pjr Hbkscl I`brajs. YCTVB ? ulb hbsi`jrb nk Kmcr Njwj j abhpbnb Mcrmcmlj nk Mcrmcmlj nk Uklijlt Nbrrë rjbakzzbtb nb ^kssjrblt. B YKLKY^VB ? lja sbaclj, pcatrclj Mukaactklës Mukaactklës,, nkvblc B nkvblc B ab erblíbksj erblíbksj j j tbvcak nk Uklijlt Nbrrë su ul tbppjtc bllk ‛:4 nk Oblsjl. Cfjaksic nk
Gkh Hcatzjr. Abhpbnbrkc nk Bajxblnrj Acmë. Yua ibhklc, hbsi`jrb nk Bltcklj Ybr tcrkc prcvjlkjlt prcvjlkjltj j nbaa‛Cpërb nk Hbrskmakb (Mbajrkj Bltcklj Frciibrnc) j iblnjakjrk nk Csbllb Uksicltk.
BVI@K^JI^ZVBA NKMJY^ • K^BAKB
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225
BVI@K^JI^ZVBA NKMJY^ • K^BAKB
Mkci`k nk stkaj. YCTVB B YKLKY^VB ? ulb sjnkb I`kppjlnbaj I`kppjln baj biibltc b Hklctburj Hklctburj,, ul‛cpjrb kl fla
nk ejrrc nk I`brajs Yjrruyb. YCTVB B NJY^VB ? ab iuiklb. Ypjii`kc bllk ‛>4, sjnkj bllk ‛:4, ichj aj ijrbhki`j sua tbvcac, tbvcac, biicstbtj b vjtrk nk Fkct. YC^^C? ul‛bltkibhjrb, icl aj pbrjtk rkvjstktj icl ul pbpkjr pjklt i`j rbmurb pabij nj ab Iclicrnj lja 202:. Tcatrclb nk Gkh Hcatzjr b ecrhb nk ecmakb nk mulljrb. Vkjnkzkclj Vkj nkzkclj nk ulb abhpbnb nk n k Brhbln Vbtjbu rjbakzzbtb nb ^kssjrblt. TBMKLB TVJIJNJL^J? ljaab sbab nb prblzc, tbvcac Ijltburj Ijltburj nk nk Uklijlt Nbrrë, ikriclnbtc nb sjnkj I`kppjlnbaj. Yua Yu a ibhklc, fustc nk khpjrbtcrj rchblc kl h hbnrjpjrab bnrjpjrab j icli`kmakj nk Brhjaaj Ebfrj (Mbajrkj Tkjrrj Tbssjfcl) j iblnjakjrk nk Ybklt-Acuks. Tbrjtk j scttc crlbtk nba nba Obrnkl Obrnkl Ibrlkvcrj Ibrlkvcrj nk Uklijlt Nbrrë, nkpkltc nb Bajxblnrj Tcuabkaacl. Aj fcksjrkj sclc brrkii`ktj brr kii`ktj nbk Tblljbux Hëtbp`yskqujs Hëtbp`yskqujs nk Uklijlt Nbrrë. Abhpbnbrkc kl vjtrc nk Hurblc nk Brkstknj Lbojbl.
22=
nk Ojbl Icitjbu i`j, ljmak bllk ^rjltb, bfktbvb ljaaj vkiklblzj, ljk prjssk njaab Hbnjajklj. Brtkstb prctjkecrhj, Icitjbu `b skiurbhjltj kspkrbtc Nbrrë, i`j bhhkrb kl jmuba hksurb I`rkstkbl I`rks tkbl Fërbrn, Jhkakc ^jrry, Jumjlj Fjrhbl, nj I`krkic, nk iuk sk icmakj a‛klstujlzb a‛ klstujlzb ljk suck trchpj-a‛cjka pblcrbhkik kl pbpkjr pjklt. Njicrbtcrj jiijltrkic (à ka tktcac nk ul akfrc i`j sbrä puffakibtc ljk prcsskhk hjsk nb Vkzzcak), Nbrrë bhb rbiicltbrj stcrkj, pkû baab hblkjrb nk ulc sijljmmkbtcrj nk ikljhb i`j nk ul bri`ktjttc bri`ktjt tc nk kltjrlk. Tjr jsjhpkc, qublnc `b brrjnbtc a‛`ctja a‛ `ctja Hcltblb, Hcltblb, ka ijajfrj jnkflikc nk Ybklt-Mjrhbkl-njs-Trës biibltc ba Ibeë Ib eë nj Eacrj, `b iclsjrvbtc ab ‑ibvj jxkstjltkbakstj‘, irjblnc njk rki`kbhk baaj ichhjnkj huskibak njmak bllk ‛:4, Zl bhjrkibl c
220
BVI@K^JI^ZVBA NKMJY^ • K^BAKB
Ka tjhpc rktrcvbtc rktrcvbtc.. B YKLKY^VB ? ab stblzb pbnrclbaj. Nkvblc I`khàrj nk I`khàrj nk Uklijlt Nbrrë pjr Hcfkakjr Fbrrja scvrbstbtc nk ul qubnrc nk [vjs Cppjl`jkh. Bppakquj nk Gkh Hcatzjr. Ka ajttc Iyiacpj à Iyiacpj à crlbtc nb ulb tbppjzzjrkb nk Ojbl Tkibrt Aj Ncux j nb ulc spjii`kc nk Hbt`kbs Gkss. Ujtrbtj Hjtrcpcaks Hjtrcpcaks nk Uklijlt Nbrrë. Yuaab njstrb, pcatrclb Iclvjrsbtkcl nk Uklijlt Nbrrë j ibfkljt @yplcs @yplcs njaab njaab Hbkscl ^bkaabrnbt, njicrbtc icl ul vbsc nk Aclmwy. TBMKLB TVJIJNJL^J? kl batc, ul pbrtkicabrj nja ibfkljt. Kl fbssc, ul batrc bhfkjltj? Biibltc baac sirkttckc nk Tkjrrj Aj-^bl, vbsib Eks`jr Ksabln nk Fc.
b Tbrkmk j Ijljrjltcab b Tbrkmk, ka tuttc hjsicabtc baab sub kspkrbzkclj
bfktubaj. Rujstj summjstkclk rksbamclc baab sub kleblzkb, qublnc sub hbnrj ac pcrtbvb b vjnjrj mak spjttbicak nk Fcf ]kascl j nk Baerjnc Br Brkbs, kbs, njaaj hcstr hcstrj, j, c qublnc vkbmmkbv vkb mmkbvbb kkll Kt Ktbakb bakb,, pjr bhhk bhhkrbrj rbrj k mkbrnklk nk Fchbrzc j aj ecltblj njaab vkaab Abltj nk Fbmlbkb. Ekl nb mkcvblj Nbrrë `b erjqujltbtc ka hclnc jajmbltj njaab Tbrkmk rblbtb jn jsiauskvb njaab hcnb, nja njskml j njaac spjttbicac? I`rkstkbl Acu fcutkl, Ebrknb G`jaeb, Tbq Tbquktb uktb Tbqukl, Jvb Kcljsic j Blnrëj Tuthbl j Bzzjnklj Babãb. Kl sjmuktc `b abvcrbtc pjr Ybklt Aburjlt, Zlmbrc, Trbnb j Hcsi`klc, j `b strjttc bhkikzkb icl khpcrtbltk pjrsclbmmk nja hclnc njaac spjttbicac, ichj Ksbfjaaj Bnoblk j Brkjaaj Br kjaaj Nchfbsaj,
i`j spjssc ac klvktb lja suc rkbn nk n k Hbrrbgji`, j icl iuk vb kl ijrib nk nk iurkcsktä ljk hjribtklk nk Ybklt-Cujl j nk Ublvjs. Zl‛batrb pbsskclj nk Nbrrë sclc k aucm`k crkmklbak c hkstjrkcsk, ichj ab ibppjaab euljrbrkb nja prklikpj nk Yblsjvjrc b Lbpcak, ka Nësjrt nj Vjtz, Vjtz , ka husjc n‛blbtchkb njaa‛Ëicaj nj Hënjiklj, ka Tbabks njs Hkrbmjs nja Husëj Mrëvkl, ka pbric njaaj siuaturj nja pcjtb Jnwbrn Obhjs b Pkaktab, kl Hjsskic. Bli`j nb qujstk aucm`k vbmbhjltj vbmb hjltj surrjbak `b trbttc kspkrbz kspkrbzkclj kclj pjr ab sub prkhb icaajzkclj nk hcfkak, fbttjzzbtb Csscfuiic. Cmmk, hcatc hjlc nbnbkstb nk ulb vcatb, `b njiksc nk i`kbhbrj ab sub lucvb akljb Vjlbkssblij Vjlbks sblij , ebijlnc rkejrkhjltc b ul njsknjrkc nk rkllcvbhjltc, sjrfblnc pjrö ul‛blkhb fbrciib. EKLJ
BVI@K^JI^ZVBA NKMJY^ • K^BAKB
22;
Akrkic
Fru F ruttbaksh kshc Lja iucrj nk HCYIB , ul bppbrtbhjltc bppbrtbhjltc knjbtc pjr jsprkhjrj ac spkrktc spkrktc nja acet acet bttrbvjrsc ulc stkaj scfrkc, i`ki j icl qubai`j tciic klnustrkbaj. Zlb sijatb njicrbtkvb i`j kltjrprjtb ka mustc njk hkaajllkba njaab ibpktbaj russb. prcmjttc nk
]KAA KBH YB]B[B YB]B[B „
ectcmrbflj nk
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BVI@K^JI^ZVBA NKMJY^ • K^BAKB
tjstc nk LKICAJ^^B
YBL^K IBAJIB
NJA FZCLC
Jiajttkshc n‛brtj. Ljaa‛klmrjssc
njaa‛bfktbzkclj hcsicvktb nk ulb iurbtrkij n‛brtj, scprb ulb iclscaj su nksjmlc nk Ybwbyb & Hcrclk, ulb abhpbnb bllk bl lk ‛54. A‛cpjrb cpjrb ^`j ]btjrebaa Yjrkjs à nk Cabeur Jakbsscl. Tcue Ukigb kl ^ji`lcmja nk Ybwbyb & Hcrclk. B sklkstrb? sceä Ljc]baa nk Akvklm Nkvblk, tbvcac fbssc Eac‛ nk Ybwbyb & Hcrclk.
BVI@K^JI^ZVBA NKMJY^ • K^BAKB
262
^uttc b vkstb. Lja
mrblnj cpjl spbij i`j à prblzc prb lzc j akvklm, scttc ab scspjlskclj Ykhclb Ykhclb nk nk ]jpakm`t, pcatrclb kl frclzc Mrbvkty , sjnkj Caawccn Zp, Zp, tbvcac Ekcr nk abttj j abttj j pblib Nju,, tuttc nk Ybwbyb & Hcrclk, Nju ichj aj akfrjrkj jsjmuktj su nksjmlc. Ab nby-fjn Fbrijaclb Fbrijaclb nk nk Hkjs vbl njr Vc`j à vkltbmj njmak bllk ‛:4. Nkpkltc, sjlzb tktcac, nk I`rkstcp`jr ]cca, 644:. Ebrjttk Brics Ebrjttk Brics 2 nk _uhtcfja.
skt kaksskl rj`jlks bpjaks quj ljh ncacr rj, knjrejrspja jcsskhb mlbtjh jsjruh ljt abfc. Lbh js pjrspkn kmlkjlkb vkn quk chhcs jt qukbs vkn quj lcljh but `brkfus bs b s qucs jx jtuh jvjljst bfcrjpr cvknkmj ltkblnbh lcfktbtkbh ncauptbj lk suhjlnks kpsbj ^ktcac nknbsibakb. B YKLKY^VB?
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BVI@K^JI^ZVBA NKMJY^ • K^BAKB
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Batb tjilcacmkb. tjilcacmkb. B YKLKY^VB? ab iuiklb, rjbakzzbtb nb Pjrb su nksjmlc nk Ybwbyb & Hcrclk. Ymbfjaac Icwltncwl Icwltncwl nk nk Ybwbyb & Hcrclk7 ab pabeclkjrb Akm`t Ekjans à Ekjans à prcncttb nb _uhtcfja. TBMKLB YJMZJL^J? ljaa‛klmrjssc, icl iclnutturj njaa‛brkb b vkstb, ibhpjmmkb ibh pjmmkb ab akfrjrkb b tuttb pbrjtj nksjmlbtb nb Ybwbyb & Hcrclk.
aj. «Kl vcmb kl Jurcpb j ljmak Ytbtk Zlktk ncvj à lbtc·, spkjmb a‛bri`ktjttc, «qujstb sijatb stkakstkib prjnkakmj hbmbzzklk rkstrutturbtk
kbhc b Hcsib j ljaa‛brkb, ljaac spkrktc nk qujstb nkhcrb i‛à sjltcrj nk lucvc. Ukstc nb acltblc, c bahjlc icl mak cii`k nk jurcpjk ciiknjltbak, a‛kltjrkcr njskml russc rbrbhjltj `b mcnutc nk fuclb stbhpb. Ycttchjssk bk vklicak nk ulb mcfflb scfrkjtä nurbltj a‛jrb scvkjtkib, ulb vcatb sikcatk nba mkcmc ichulkstb, mak bri`ktjttk bri`ktjtt k `bllc pjrsc ka sjlsc njaab hksurb biijltublnc jiijssc jn jskfkzkclj. j skfkzkclj. Hbliblnc nk ulb trbnkzkclj j nk ulb stcrkb, st crkb, ab lczkclj nk njskml à stbtb st btb b aulmc bssjltj c nk ljssul pjsc? b nbraj icrpc j spbzkc à stbtb ljmak uatkhk bllk ulb ljcfcrm`jskb icatb jn jaktbrkb, b suc hcnc icshcpcaktb bahjlc ljmak kltjrjssk iuaturbak, k iuk flmak, ncpc bvjr stunkbtc c vkbmmkbtc baa‛jstjrc, `bllc rkpcrtbtc kl pbtrkb ul mustc lucvc, nk khprcltb ciiknjltbaj, sjffjlj lcl lcl svuctbtc sv uctbtc nk rki`kbhk ‑butcitclk‘. Rujstb ibsb à ul jsjhpkc ibazbltj nk tbaj crkjltbhjltc, csikaablnc trb Hklkhbakshc j ulb ijrtb jstjtkib nja ‑pbtrkcttkshc‘. Ka suc bspjttc à ka eruttc nja nkbacmc sjrrbtc trb a‛bri`ktjttc j njskmljr ]kaakbh
kl ecrhb rjsknjlzkbaj, vcauhk, auijrlbrk, a ‛baajblzb hklkhbakstb hklkhbak stb trb hjtbaacncppk j ijhjltc. Bamrblnk icltrbrkc, ka lcstrca‛baajblzb jnkflikc, sktubtc lja iucrj nk Hcsib, lja qubrtkjrj njmak kltjaajttubak j njaaj batj ibrki`j puffaki`j, à tkpkic nk ul ljc-Hcnjrlkshc russc, jikjltj jikjl tj j eulzkclbaj, qubsk rbzkclbakstb·. rbz kclbakstb·. A‛bppbrtbhjltc, biqukstbtc tctbahjltj vuctc, `b ulb supjrflikj nk 6=4 hjtrk qubnrbtk j aj bhpkj flljstrj, crkjltbtj b ajvbltj, mak mbrbltksiclc ul lctjvcaj bussc nk auij lbturbaj i`j `b mkcibtc ul rucac khpcrtbltj lja njakljbrj ‑a‛jffljttc ‑a ‛jffljttc acet‘. Ypkjmb Ybwbyb? «Yk à abvcrbtc su pkû rjmkstrk j ab auij à stbtb ulc nk qujstk. Zl batrc tjhb à qujaac njaab ikricabzkclj kltjrlb, njk pjricrsk i`j sk sclc hbltjlutk k pkû stuknk j smchfrk pcsskfkaj, prcprkc ichj kl ul bhfkjltj klnustrkbaj. J baab stjssb knjb klnustrkbaj rkspclnj a‛btrkc i`j, kaauhklbtc nb ebrjttk, bllulikb ul‛crmblkzzbzkclj pablkhjtrkib kl iuk mak spbzk nk trblskzkclj svcamclc ul rucac khpcrtbltj. Ab iuiklb à bpjrtb j b vkstb v kstb ichj à crhbk n‛usc ljaaj ibsj ciiknjltbak icltjhpcrbljj, b scttcakljbrj ichj iuiklbrj skb klskjhj abvcrc j pkbijrj iclvkvkbaj. Lja scmmkcrlc k iclncttk nk bjrbzkclj sclc absikbtk b vkstb j ab acrc supjrflikj hjtbaakib rkstjttjltj nkvjltb hctkvc njicrbtkvc, ul pultc n‛bttrbzkclj pjr ac smubrnc. Rub j aä, pjr rklecrzbrj ab sjlsbzkclj nk abfcrbtcrkc, bffkbhc nkspcstc baiulk jajhjltk bn `ci? ab akfrjrkb b pbrjtj i`j ciiupb ul‛kltjrb sjzkclj nja scmmkcrlc à, pjr jsjhpkc, icrrjnbtb nb ulb sibab sicrrjvcaj, ichj qujaaj njk hbmbzzklk ichhjrikbak. Cppurj ab pblib erblijsj bllk Cttbltb, kl ejrrc ecrmkbtc j rkvjstktb kl pjsbltj pjaaj hbrrclj, i`j eb a‛cii`kcaklc sfuiblnc nb nkjtrc ka nkvblc·. K hbtjrkbak sclc sjhpakik? ajmlc lbturbaj pjr ka pbvkhjltc, ulb pbtklb mrkmkc pbstjaac pjr k scttk. Yjlzb jssjrj njaab stjssb
Ybwbyb, klibrkibtc nja prcmjttc, j ab prcprkjtbrkb, ulb mkcvblj iurbtrkij n‛brtj bppbrtjljltj b pkjlc tktcac b qujaab mjljrbzkclj hkaajllkba nk iuk sk nkijvb. Lcl blicrb trjltjllj, ncpc jssjrsk ecrhbtb b Ljw [crg, [crg, Ekrjlzj, Aclnrb j Mkljvrb, Mkljvrb , tcrlbtb kl Vusskb `b kltrbprjsc ulb ibrrkjrb ljaa‛bhfktc njaa‛brtj icltjhpcrbljb ichj iurbtrkij j ba icltjhpc icaajzkclkstb? ul klskjhj nk jspjrkjlzj rkvjabtjsk fbskabrk pjr iclicrnbrj icl Ybwbyb Ybwbyb suaa‛knjb suaa‛ knjb nk nbrj baab ibsb ulc spkrktc ‑nb acet‘, i`ki hb sjlzb jskfkzkclkshc. J nkrj i`j ljaac stbtc nk ebttc kl iuk eu biqukstbtc, ac spbzkc sk hcstrbvb bssbk pcic bnbttc b ulb skhkaj khpcstbzkclj prcmjttub-
lbturb, jssk rkvjablc ulb iclicrnkb tclbaj rkabssbltj, bnbttb b jvcibrj a‛khprjsskclj nja acet j b hjttjrj kl rksbatc hcfkak j brrjnk, hcatk prcmjttbtk pjr a‛ciibskclj j batrjttbltk nk njskml, j aj cpjrj n‛brtj icltjhpcrbljb nbk icacrk nkssclbltk nkss clbltk icaajzkclbtk nbaab prcprkjtbrkb, k vjrk prctbmclkstk nja pbjsbmmkc nchjstkic. A‛bppbrtbhjltc à ulb hksijab nk uhkatä j scstblzb, a‛bspjttc jstjtkic lcl prjvbrkib hbk, lcl vucaj b tuttk k icstk sfbacrnkrj. Ikö i`j ac ibrbttjrkzzb ibrbttjrk zzb à ka sjlsc njaab hksurb. hksur b. N‛batrclnj b Hcsib stb tcrlblnc kl bumj ulb erbsj nk Bajgsblnr Bajg sblnr TuŢgkl? ‑^uttc ikö i`j auiikib, kspkrb scac lckb‘. À ka lucvc mustc russc3 EKLJ
Y
«Bffbssblnc a‛jsprjsskvktä a‛jsprjsskvktä njaa‛ klvcauirc klvcauirc bffkbhc ebttc ebttc sá i`j aj cpjrj n‛brtj bttkrbssjrc icl pkû ecrzb ac smubrnc·. ]kaakbh Ybwbyb
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BVI@K^JI^ZVBA NKMJY^ • K^BAKB
BVI@K^JI^ZVBA NKMJY^ • K^BAKB
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Ajhhb, pcatrclb j pcue Fauj Ujavjt , tuttc nk Ybwbyb & Hcrclk, ichj ka ajttc su hksurb Ajhhb, icl tjstbtb kl ^ji`lcmja7 tckajttj j spjii`kc bllk ‛>4. YC^^C B YKLKY^VB? ibfklb brhbnkc nk n k Tcrrc kaauhklbtb nbaab scspjlskclj Ibstcrj Ibstcrj nk Brtjhknj. YC^^C B NJY^VB? ka fbmlc pbnrclbaj. Ubsib Turj Turj nk nk Abuejl, rbnkbtcrj Yqubrj Yqubrj nk nk ^ufjs, rufkljttk Tbl Tbl nk nk _uii`jttk7 tbvcaklc Gklc Gklc nk Ybwbyb & Hcrclk. TBMKLB YJMZJL^J? nkjtrc ab pcatrclb Fauj Ujavjt nk nk Ybwbyb & Hcrclk, ectcmrbflj Ebkajn Ukjws nk Ukjws nk Yjrmjy Ybpcz`lkgcv.
Bthcsejrj bllk ‛>4. YCTVB? ab ibhjrb pbnrclbaj. Yjnkb
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BVI@K^JI^ZVBA NKMJY^ • K^BAKB
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BVI@K^JI^ZVBA NKMJY^ • K^BAKB
NBA FAZ KL TCK Lja qubrtkjrj qubrtkjrj nk tjlnjlzb nja YJL^KJV , ljaab Tbrkmk i`j ibhfkb, ka fau catrjhbrj njaaj pbrjtk nja scmmkcrlc à ka pultc nk pbrtjlzb pjr ulb sijlcmrbflb nchjstkib iclijpktb ichj ulb sjrkj nk jpkscnk nk njskml baa‛bvblmubrnkb. baa‛bvblmubrnkb. prcmjttc nk
EBFVKIJ BZYYJ^ „ tjstc nk BLB IBVNKLBAJ
ectcmrbflj nk
AZKY VKNBC
Tbrkmk ka qubrtkjr nu n‛kltjrlk, rkusijlnc icsá b jsprkhjrj ab sub Yjltkjr, lja sjiclnc irjbtkvktä kl prcmjttk hcatc nkvjrsk trb acrc. brrclnkssjhjlt, vkj- Bppbss Bpp bsskclbt kclbtcc n‛brt n‛b rtjj icltjhpc iclt jhpcrblj rbljb, b, irjb lj trbnkzkclbahjltj trbnkz kclbahjltj auk stjssc cpjrj pcjtki`j i`j absikblc akfjbsscikbtc ba prït-ä- rc icrsc baab ebltbskb, hb baac stjssc tjhpc pcrtjr, bk mrcsskstk sb jssjrj bssbk jskmjltj j rkmcrcsc ljk suck nk tjssutk j baaj sjnk prcmjttk. «Cmlk prcmjttc `b ulb stcrkb b së njaaj ibsj jnktrkik. À qujstc ka aucmc i`j Eb- j njvj nkvjltbrj ulc spbzkc hbmkic·, lctb
B
Bussjt . Bppbsskclbtc icaajzkclks icaaj zkclkstb, tb, icl ulb frki j Bussjt frkij Bu ssjt,, bri`kt b ri`ktjttc jttc j brtk b rtkstb stb,, ``bb ssijatc ijatc Bussjt. pjr ab sub Mbajrkj Ytunkcac, i`j à ba icltjhpc mrblnj ebhkakbrktä icl ab trbnkzkclj njaaj bppbrtbhjltc, stunkc n‛bri`ktjtturb j mba- brtk j njaa‛jiijaajlzb nja sbvckr-ebkrj erblajrkb n‛brtj. Lcl stupksij i`j bffkb pjlsbtc ijsj, Bussjt sb iclkumbrj sbpkjltjhjltj ab prcprkc b qujstb zclb, ulb rjbatä urfblb kl trbnkzkclj j ka icltjhpcrbljc, ab scfrkjtä j nkvjlkrj, ab iuk knjltktä jvcavj icl a‛brrkvc a‛bunbikb, a‛bustjrktä j a‛cpuajlzb, rksjrvblnc p jr njaaj luhjrcsj wjf bmjliy, njmak stunk n‛br- ab hjnjskhb bttjlzkclj pjr ka njttbmakc, pjr i`ktjtturb j njmak uik njaaj stbrt-up nk lucvj lucvj k icacrk j aj hbtjrkj baab nkspcskzkclj njmak tjilcacmkj. ^bajltc jiajttkic, Ebfrkij Bussjt kltjrlk j njmak jstjrlk. Rublnc sk à ikhjltbtc icl ka prcmjttc __ sk à crkjltbtc vjrsc ka njskml j a‛bri`ktjtturb Ukvjrj b icacrk. B YKLKY^VB ? ka mrblnj sbaclj ba pkbltjrrjlc. Yua tbppjtc Hënktjrrblëj kl ablb j sjtb, rjbakzzbtc kl jnkzkclj akhktbtb, pcmmkblc ka nkvblc Hënktjrrblëj kl njaab icaajzkclj Ytunkcac Ytunkcac j j ka tbvcaklc fbssc ]jfwccn . Yua eclnc, pbrbvjltc Tsyi`ë Tsyi`ë..
^uttk mak brrjnk nk qujstc q ujstc bhfkjltj sclc nksjmlbtk nb Ebfrkij Bussjt.
BVI@K^JI^ZVBA NKMJY^ • K^BAKB
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BVI@K^JI^ZVBA NKMJY^ • K^BAKB
sjnkb _jfrb Accs nk abhpbnb Blljbu nk nk Njlksj Ykljrmkj. YCTVB? ljaa‛klmrjssc, sjnkb _jfrb Accs nk Ebfrkij Bussjt j abhpbnb Blljbu Mbtbrn (Mbajrkj ^`chbs Erktsi`, Tbrkmk). B YKLKY^VB? ul batrc bhfkjltj. Ka Nklklm Yjt nk Bajssblnrc Hjlnklk pjr Caac Icaajitkcl pcmmkb su ul tbppjtc Lëlup`br nk nk Ebfrkij Bussjt, butcrj bli`j njaab pblib Ykavjrwklm Ykavjrwklm,, jnktbtb nb Tcujlbt, njaab pcatrclb Vjstklm Hkln j nja tbvcaklc Fabigwjfwccn . Abhpbnb nk Ksbhu Lcmui`k. YC^^C? ul batrc sicrikc nja scmmkcrlc, icl ka mrblnj tbppjtc Hënktjrrblëj Hënktjrrblëj knjbtc knjbtc nb Ebfrkij Bussjt, utkakzzbtc bli`j ichj rkvjstkhjltc njaab pbrjtj, klerbhjzzbtc nba ibhklc kl biikbkc, bli`‛jssc su nksjmlc.
BVI@K^JI^ZVBA NKMJY^ • K^BAKB
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nk rkstr utturbzkclj njaab lucvb lucvb ibsb-stunkc ba Yjltkjr, Bussjt `b njiksc nk hbltjljrj ab nkstrkfuzkclj crkmklbaj njmak spbzk, iclijl-
sclc sjhpakijhjltj eulzkclbak·. Lja sbaclj b pkbltjrrjlc ka mrblnj tbppjtc sk jstjlnj bli`j sua hurc j eb nb secln s eclnc c baaj crkmklbak
sclc biichulbtk nbk pbvkhjltk rkvjstktk icl ul pbrqujt kl ajmlc nk qujrikb i`j fjl sk kltjmrb icl aj pbrjtk, i`j sclc icacr mrkmkc-fau
trblncsk suk hbtjrkbak j suk icacrk. «A‛baajstkhjltc njk vbrk bhfkjltk lcl `b prjsc hcatc tjhpc? aj icsj `bllc trcvbtc lbturbahjltj ka acrc pcstc, bli`j pjri`ë qublnc hk sclc trbsejrktc quk, bvjvc mkä ul‛knjb fjl prjiksb·, spkjmb Bussjt. Ac spbzkc sk br tkicab su nuj akvjaak? ba pkbltjrrjlc i‛à ul acibaj hcatc mrblnj i`j bsscavj baab ncppkb eulzkclj nk scmmkcrlc j nk spbzkc pjr jspcskzkclk7 ba prkhc pkblc klvjij ik sclc mak uik, biibltc b ulb ibhjrb icl ab sub sbab nb fbmlc. Ljaaj vbrkj stblzj mak brrjnk j mak cmmjttk, sjajzkclbtk prkvkajmkblnc biicstbhjltk kljnktk, njlctblc ul mustc hcatc bttubaj. «Hk pkbiikclc k hcfkak j mak cmmjttk i`j rbiicltblc njaaj stcrkj j i`j lcl
pcatrclj j ba nkvblc i`j bbliblc a‛klscaktc ibhklc kl biikbkc. J pjr icltrbstc, nbvbltk baab pbrjtj nk ul fau kltjlsc, ul pbrbvjltc icl ulb pbrtj spjii`kbltj i`j rkstjttj ab auij ljaa‛bhfkjltj. Ba prkhc pkblc, su nuj tbppjtk nbk hctkvk stcrjbak, t rcljmmkb ul tbvcac nbaa‛bspjttc aunkic flrhbtc nb Bajssblnrc Hjlnklk, biicstbtc b nuj pbli`j kl muksb nk nkvbljttc Ykavjr nkvbljttc Ykavjr wklm . Ba pkblc supjrkcrj sk trcvb bli`j ac stunkc, ibrbttjrkzzbtc nbaaj pbrjtk icacr ikciicabtc j nbaab rkiib fkfakctjib. Ab stblzb pbnrclbaj, klvjij, sk nkstklmuj pjr ulb sjhpakiktä qubsk bsijtkib. Ruk a‛ulkic jajhjltc ecrtj ecrtj à ul tbvcac-siuaturb nk Lbi`c Ibrfcljaa, rjbakzzbtc kl ibrtb, hbks j rjsklb. ^uttk mak bhfkjltk ba prkhc pkblc
c ikciicabtc, rjbakzzbtj icl ulc spjikbaj prcijnkhjltc i`j irjb ul jffljttc aksikc j sjtcsc. «Zl jffljttc hcatc njakibtc ba tbttc·, spkjmb Bussjt . Ypcstblncsk Ypcstb lncsk nb ulb stblzb stb lzb baa ‛batrb, a‛bttjlzkclj sk ecibakzzb su luhjrcsk njttbmak, i`j lcl nk rbnc sclc vjrj j prcprkj ajzkclk nk stkaj. Lj sclc ul jsjhpkc aj pcrtj bltki`j, pbzkjltjhjltj pbzkjltjhjltj njibpbtj pjr rktrcvbrj ka icacrj crkmklbaj nja ajmlc, c k rbnkbtcrk, i`j ebllc a‛jffljttc nk jajhjltk njicrbtkvk. Hb scprbttuttc spkiiblc aj irjbzkclk nk Ebfrkij Ebfrkij Bussjt , nba tbppjtc Hënktjr tbppjtc Hënktjrrblëj kl jnkzkcrblëj kl lj akhktbtb baab sjnkb _jfrb sjnkb _jfrb Accs, Accs , baab abhpbnb Hcclstclj pbnb Hcclstcljss. «^uttc «^uttc eb r kejrkhjltc b ul njskml rkmcrcsc i`j pbrab bli`j ka aklmubmmkc nja iucrj·, icliaunj a‛bri`ktjttc. EKLJ
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BVI@K^JI^ZVBA NKMJY^ • K^BAKB
Mak brrjnk, i`j tbavcatb rjkltjrprjtblc kl i`kbvj hcnjrlb ka mustc mu stc jtlkic, jtlkic, rbiicltblc ka njsknjrkc nk irjbrj icltbhklbzkclk erb nkvjrsj iuaturj. tbvcac-siuaturb siuaturb I`ki hjtrcpcaktblc. hjtrcpcaktblc. KL BA^C? ab stblzb pbnrclbaj. Yuaab sklkstrb, ka tbvcacAuikejrbsj PPPKP nk nk Lbi`c Ibrfcljaa j ka pcue Akm`twjkm`t nk nk Nokh Fjrmjr, prcvjlkjltk prcvjlkjltk nbaab Mbajrkj Fsa nk Tbrkmk. B YKLKY^VB? ab sbab nb fbmlc `b aj pbrjtk rkvjstktj icl pkbstrjaaj skhkak b qujaaj njaab hjtrcpcaktblb pbrkmklb. Brrjnk kl qujrikb qu jrikb j abvbfc kl hbrhc. Yjnutb kl ajmlc j iuckc nk Ebfrkij Bussjt. TBMKLB TVJIJNJL^J? ljaac stunkc, ka Furjbu Furjbu nk nk Blnrë Nufrjuka, bblibtc nbaab sjnkb F.I.I. F.I.I. j j nbaab pcatrclb F.I.E. F.I.E.,, jltrbhfj nk Ebfrkij Bussjt.
BVI@K^JI^ZVBA NKMJY^ • K^BAKB
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A‛kscab lja njsjrtc Ab auij njfllksij njfllksij mak spbzk lja lucvc Fuambrk Vjscrt b NZFBK , , prcmjttbtc prcmjttbtc su ul ul‛ kscab brtkflikbaj brtkflikbaj nja Mcaec Brbfkic ichj ul vkaabmmkc. Ncvj ab iabsskiktä rchblb sk spcsb icl ka Hjnkc Crkjltj. prcmjttc nk BL^CLKC IK^^JVKC TB^VKIKB UKJA BLN TBV^LJVY tjstc nk JAJLB NBAACVYC „ ectcmrbflj nk HBYYKHC AKY^VK
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BVI@K^JI^ZVBA NKMJY^ • K^BAKB
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BVI@K^JI^ZVBA NKMJY^ • K^BAKB
Kl hjzzc ba hbrj. TBMKLB TVJIJNJL^J ? ab
pksiklb njaac [bi`t Iauf rkvjstktb kl pkjtrb sugbfuhk klncljskblb à ikriclnbtb nb ibfblj kl tjbg su nksjmlc. YCTVB? ka fbr ba pkblc tjrrb njaac ybi`t iauf, icl rkejrkhjltk icltkluk bk hctcsibfl Vkvb j ectc nja ojt sjt kltjrlbzkclbaj ljmak bllk ‛54 j ‛=4. YC^^C? ab zclb rkbazbtb nja fbr, nb iuk sk mcnj ulb vkstb ulkib suaab hbrklb j suaa‛bafjrmc. Brrjnk nk F&F Ktbakb j Eajxecrh, abhpbnbrk scspjsk nk EcltblbBrtj. KL BTJV^ZVB? ab acffy nk klmrjssc njaac [bi`t Iauf kltrcnuij ka tjhb njicrbtkvc prklikpbaj njmak kltjrlk? ulb fcksjrkj kl ncm`j nk tjbg icl klsjrtk kl jfblc i`j rki`kbhb ka njig njk hctcsibfl Vkvb. Nkvblc nk Eajxecrh. Ab sibab i`j iclnuij ba pkblc supjrkcrj njaac [bi`t Iauf.
B
i`kbhbrac cbsk lcl sk rksi`kb nk ibnjrj ljaab fblbaktä. Tjri`ë ka lucvc Fuambrk Vjscrt Nufbk, klbumurbtc ka k a = nkijhfrj suaa‛kscab nk Ouhjkrb` Fby (brtkflikbaj j b ecrhb nk ibvbaauiikc hbrklc), à `ctja j ichpajssc rjsknjlzkbaj (ljaab ichfklbzkclj pkû bttubaj njaa‛biicmakjlzb b iklquj stjaaj), hb bli`j spkbmmkb, hbrklb j [bi`t Iauf. Zlb vjrb j prcprkb ichulktä, i chulktä, klschhb, prcmjttbtb, ichj tuttk mak batrk Fuambrk @ctjas j Vjscrts, nbaac stunkc Bltclkc Ikttjrkc Tbtrkikb Ukja bln Tbrtljrs, i`j lja M caec Brbfkic `b cptbtc pjr ul‛bri`ktjtturb nja pbjsbmmkc kl stkaj hjnktjrrbljc, hjsicabtb bn brtj icl ab lbturb ikricstbltj. Rujaab njmak jnkflik, klvjij, pcrtb bli`j ljmak Jhkrbtk ab hcluhjltbaktä hcluhjltbaktä j ab iabsskiktä njaab Hbkscl? hbrhc nk Ibrrbrb, pkjtrb nk Ukijlzb, hcsbkik, hbrhc
290
BVI@K^JI^ZVBA NKMJY^ • K^BAKB
K V B M A Z F
Ktbakbl Ytyaj. Ytyaj. YCTVB? ab fbaarcch, icl mak i`blnjakjr kl irkstbaac hbsskiikc batk ul hjtrc j hjzzc ab iuk ecrhb prckjttb b tjrrb a‛chfrb njaab stjaab b 0 pultj, skhfcac nja frbln Fuambrk. YC^^C? ab aculmj njaa‛`ctja icl bfflbiikc sua hbrj. Tbvkhjltc j icacllj kl mrblktc ljrc, scttc kl ncm`j nk rcvjrj. Eb nb qukltb ul‛khpcljltj pbrjtj kl frjiikb hjnkijb b hbii`kb bpjrtb su iuk trcljmmkb ulb ectc nk Hclkib Ukttk icl klncssc k mkckjaak Fuambrk. Brrjnk F&F Ktbakb, Hbxbatc, Eajxecrh. B YKLKY^VB KL BA^C? ab aculmj ba pkblc supjrkcrj njaac [bi`t Iauf icl vkstb sua rjscrt nb tut tj aj ebiikbtj. Njttbmak nja Vkvb Bqubrbhb, sjnutj j khfcttktk nk Eajxecrh, F&F Ktbakb, Hbxbatc j vjltkabtcrk kl tjbg nk Fc. B YKLKY^VB KL FBYYC? ab vkstb nbaab fkfakctjib njaac [bi`t Iauf. Tcatrclj j icffljj tbfaj nk Hbxbatc. H bxbatc.
ljrc njaab Hclmcakb, frclzc trbecrbtc. J k hbri`k nk kltjrkcr hbnj kl Ktbay ichj Eacs, Hbxbatc, Eajxecrh, catrj baa‛brtkmkblbaktä njaaj scauzkclk iustch. 242 aj stblzj j aj suktj njaa‛`ctja, 64 aj vkaaj, nkvjrskflibtj kl k l : tkpcacmkj, ichprjsb ichprjsb ab Fuambrk Ukaab Uk aab nk :>4 hjtrk qubnrbtk, tuttj icaajmbfkak trb acrc pjr cspktbrj ebhkmakj j mruppk nk bhkik j tuttj icl pksiklj prkvbtj. Ab spb nk 2.=44 hjtrk qubnrbtk `b cttc sbaj trbttbhjltk tr bttbhjltk j ulb pksiklb icpjrtb nk 6: hjtrk icl aj vjtrbtj vjtrbtj bfflbiikbtj sua hbrj. Baa ‛kltjrlc, ac stjssc aklmubmmkc bri`ktjttclkic nja rjstc nja rjscrt? mrblnk vjtrbtj, tjbg, tjbg , hbrhc, hcsbkic. Yuaab fbkb sk bprj ka pcrtkiikcac, pcrtkiikcac, icl pcstk pjr :4 fbri`j (j ka pjrhjssc nk blicrbmmkc, ljaab fbkb, pjr k supjrybi`t) j icl ac [bi`t Iauf nctbtc nk rkstcrbltj j nja prkhc iauf pjr fbhfklk nja hbri`kc. «Rujstb nk Nufbk, i`j brrkvb pcic pkû nk nuj hjsk ncpc a‛klbumurbzkclj njaa‛@ctja Fuambrk b Tji`klc, à stbtb __
ul‛ccppcrtulktä ppcrtulktä ulkib·, ichhjltb Ykavkc Zrsklk, Fuambrk Mrcup
klmjltkaktc nbaab auij. Aj iktbzkclk iabsski`j sclc ul pc‛ cvul-
Jxjiutkvj Ukij Trjsknjlt rjspclsbfkaj njaab nkvkskclj Fuambrk quj, nbaa‛usc njk hbtjrkbak bmak i`blnjakjr kl irkstbaac hbsskiikc Iauf? ab ecrhb @ctjas & Vjscrts. «Lcl icstrukrj icstr ukrj sjhpakijhjltj ul `ctja, hb batk ul hjtrc j hjzzc ljaab fbaarcch njaac [bi`t Iauf? ul kltjrc vkaabmmkc, nksjmlblncac tuttc, nba abycut baa‛bri`ktjt- njk abhpbnbrk prckjttb b tjrrb a‛chfrb njaab stjaab b cttc pulturb, nbk tchfklk bk abhpkclk·. Yjk bllk nk ibltkjrj, nkjikhkab tj skhfcac nja frbln Fuambrk, i`j sk rktrcvb bli`j lja hctkvc cpjrbk pjr ikrib 24 hkakclk nk crj abvcrc j ul pcca nk brtkmkblk njicrbtkvc njaab hcqujttj kspkrbtc ba pbvkhjltc nja Tblt`jcl. Butciktbz kclj à klvjij ka fbr cvbaj, sjmlc nkstkltkvc nkstk ltkvc nk n k ttuttk uttk k ktbakblk pjr aj fllkturj pbrtkicabrk j kiclki`j? kiclki`j? «Nufbk à ul ikty rj- Butciktbzkclj ajttjrba hjltj kl trj? scrt hcatc spjikbaj·, spkjmb Zrsklk. «Aj scauzkclk nk njskml sclc Fuambrk @ctjas & Vjscrts, i`j b Nufbk sk eb ajttjrbahjltj tkpki`j njk lcstrk `ctja, hb kl qujstc ibsc sclc njiaklbtj icl ul kl icrkbl ljrc ljaa‛`ctja, kl tjbg ba Fjbi` Iauf j kl tjbg icl pjlskjrc ba Hjnkc Crkjltj. Lkjltj pkû nk ul pjlskjrc, pjrö, lcl klsjrtk kl jfblc baac [bi`t Iauf. Ab hbmlkflijlzb njaa‛klskjhj rkeummj pjrö ab sibab bjrcpcri‛à baiul ichpkbikhjltc ecagacrkstkic, ljssulc stkaj Babnklc·. Chfrjmmkbturj, si`jhk trbecrbtk, ka tjhb nja icrbaac, b rkicrnbrj tubaj. «A‛kltkhktä, ab sjlsbzkclj nk ibsb à mbrbltktb nbaab sijatb ab vcibzkclj hbrklb nja rjscrt. I`j sk trcvb scprbttuttc ljaac njmak kltjrlk, nbaab rksjrvbtjzzb njaaj stblzj j njaaj vkaaj, pjrfllc nba ac i`je [bi`t [bi `t Iauf, Iauf, ncvj fcksjrkj j brrjnk brrjnk rkhblnblc rkhblnblc bk hktkik Bqubrbhb nbaac stbffl, i`j à tuttc ktbakblc·, nkij Zrsklk. B pbrtkrj nbaac Vkvb j ab zclb fbr, scprbjajvbtb, rkicrnb ul pcltj nk ichblnc. stjaabtc Lkgc Vchktc j nba suc rkstcrbltj, ncvj ab iuiklb à ulb À icstbltj ka rkejrkhjltc baa‛Ktbakbl Ytyaj j b quja Vbzkclb- euskclj nk iabsskic j icltjhpcrbljc, kl pjrejttb brhclkb icl EKLJ akshc bllk ‛94 tbltc ibrc baac stunkc Ikttjrkc j b Fuambrk, quk ka iclijpt nja lucvc rjscrt.
2>4
BVI@K^JI^ZVBA NKMJY^ • K^BAKB
Tcrtc skiurc. YCTVB? aj
rjsknjlzj bfflbiikblc suaab hbrklb, i`j cfflrj ulb pbssjmmkbtb hcatc summjstkvb trb mak ybi`t njk rjsknjltk j k rkstcrbltk. YC^^C B YKLKY^VB? ab iuiklb njaaj rjsknjlzj nksjmlbtb su hksurb icl fllkturb kl vjtrc j stcljmabss auiknc ljrc. Ymbfjaak Eajxecrh. YC^^C B NJY^VB? ab ibhjrb nb ajttc hbstjr njaaj rjsknjlzj icl ajttc b fbanbii`klc Hbxbatc, pcatrclb F&F Ktbakb, abhpbnb nb tjrrb Eacs. TBMKLB TVJIJNJL^J ? ab sbab nb prblzc njaaj rjsknjlzj brrjnbtb icl tbvcak j sjnkj Hbxbatc, akfrjrkb F&F Ktbakb, abhpbnb nb tjrrb Eacs.
YZMMJVKHJL^K, KLNKVK__K, IZVKCYK^Ä, NJ^^BMAK? NKJ^VC AJ RZKL^J NK BN.
FB BIG Y^BMJ. F OC O C K J N J UKUV UK UVJJ Mkci`k nk Y^KAJ pjr bfflrcltbrj bffl rcltbrj ka lucvc bllc. Nb Tbrkmk b Hcsib, aj nkhcrj nk qujstc luhjrc cfflrclc spultk icatk j summjstkvk, bsscautbhjltj nb icpkbrj. Trjvbaj ul mustc tuttc erblijsj, rkijribtbhjltj Nëic j pcst-Nëic, pjr ka nkvjrtkssjhjlt kltjaakmjltj, pjr k rkhblnk b pkû trbnkzkclk rkvksktbtj, lja sjmlc nk ul lucvc mustc iabsskic-hcnjrlc. LKICAJ^^B NJA FZCLC
TBM. TB M. 2 4 > Kl iblnknb pjaakiikb nk ibprb Y`jbraklm j ablb sua rjtrc, ka iusiklc Frkm`tcl nk Vbap` Aburjl @chj à knjbaj pjr aj sjrbtj erjnnj. Icstb 2.;;: ₡.
TBM. TB M. 2 4 > Kspkrbtb b Nñrjr, tjstb V`klcijrcs nk V`klcijrcs nk Vbfflbjaac Mbakcttc pjr Iktic, kl hbrhc Mrkmkc Fbrnkmakc. Trjzzc b rki`kjstb.
TBM. TB M. 260 26 0 Nkvblc ^bltksbssk ^bltksbssk nk nk Hbttjc ^`ul pjr Vcssk nk Bafkzzbtj, icl iusiklk rkvjstktk kl ablb jabstkikzzbtb, Ayirb c pjaaj. Trjzzc nb njfllkrj.
TBM. TB M. 260 26 0 Nksjmlbtb nbaa‛khhbmklkflic Tkjrrj Tbuakl pjr Brtkecrt, qujstb pcatrclb `b ul lchj summjstkvc? Crblmj Yakij (ejttb n‛brblikb). Trjzzc b rki`kjstb.
2>6
BVI@K^JI^ZVBA NKMJY^ • K^BAKB
TBM. TB M. 00 Irjnjlzb Hclciajs Hclciajs nk Jssjltkba, kl lcij j cttclj ncrbtc, icl ecrk suaaj bltj. Ka suc prjzzc à ;.==4 ₡.
AB UK^B JIAJ^^KIB (nb pbm. ;5)
FBVCII@KYHC Cmmjttk nk hjhcrkb njiaklbtk icl sjlsc j hbtjrkbak ^JILCACMKIK.
Hjtbaakib. Hjtbaakib. B YKLKY^VB? abhpbnb nb tbvcac Fcurmkj Fcurmkj nk Abvkblk pjr Gbrtjaa. 6>> ₡.
Ejrruiikc Abvkblk irjb cmmjttk i`khjrkik i`j hkxblc stkak Ejrruiikc j ecrhj pjr nbrj ul lucvc sjlsc baab ba ab icltjhpcrbljktä. Icl ab abhpbnb Fcurmkj nk Gbrtjaa, ljaab vjrskclj kl pabstkib rbhbtb, uljlnc Fbrciic j Ljciabsskic cttkjlj ul jffljttc scrprjlnjltjhjltj hcnjrlc. LNF
TBM. TB M. ;5 Chbmmkc b Hkjs vbl njr Vc`j, ab pblib rjabx njaab icaajzkclj Eacrjlij Eacrjlij nk nk Glcaa. Trcmjttbtb nb Eacrjlij Glcaa lja ‛:>, à crb nkspclkfkaj kl batrj tkltj j hksurj. Nb 2.405 ₡.
TBM. TB M. 260 26 0 Vkprjlnj k njicrk njaac stkaj ^uncr ka icltjlktcrj ^uncr nk Jhhjhcfkak icl prcflak jn jajhjltk bppakibtk b hblc. Rujstb ichpcskzkclj icstb 2;.004 ₡.
TBM. TB M. 2 4 > Yk i`kbhb Yjrrbturb Yjrrbturb ka ka vbssckc nk Ecrlbsjttk kl rjsklb rcssc abiib, njaab icaajzkclj ^jhk j Ubrkbzkclk7 Ubrkbzkclk7 `b ul nkbhjtrc nk >4 ijltkhjtrk, j ul icstc i`j pbrtj nb 954 ₡.
TBM. TB M. 260 26 0 Nk Bybab Yjrebty pjr Bqub Irjbtkcls, ab pkbltblb icl nkffluscrj kl pkbltblb Bpbyb Bpbyb icl pjrmbhjlb j ibrtbpjstb. Kl vbrkj ecrhj j nkhjlskclk, prjzzc b rki`kjstb.
BL JUJL^ F[
HBKL YTCLYCV
CEEKIKBA IBV
TBV^LJV
Y^CVKJ. K rjbak nk Yvjzkb, Mustbvc j Ykavkb, icaabunblc nuj J mm J mm I`bkr nurbltj nurbltj ab acrc vksktb b Erktz @blsjl, a‛bzkjlnb nbljsj i`j blicrb prcnuij a‛cmmk sjssbmjlbrkb pcatrclb. Jrb ka 644=.
Y J M B H K [ ^ ^ J M
^VB BV^J J ZCUC I@J VJLNJ_-UCZY AB ‑TBVJ^J 2 ZL 6 9 > BVI@K^J^^ZVB? ICHTKJ 54 BLLK? ICL KA MJLKC? TCJ^KIB‘?
Lja 2;:0 ka mrblnj bri`ktjttc nbljsj Brlj Obic Obicfsj fsjll flrhbv flrhbvbb ab pcatrclb Jmm . Trcncttb nb Erktz @blsjl à pkû vkvb i`j hbk.
Jsprjsskclkstb, rbzkclbakstb rbzkcl bakstb j euturkstb, Auikblc Fbanjssbrk à stbtc ul ulkiuh ljaab iuaturb ktbakblb nja prcmjttc nja ‛;44.
Zl pchjrkmmkc icl Njshcln Hcrrks, ka ijajfrj zccacmc nj Ab sikhhkb lunb. Lja suc stunkc pjr ejstjmmkbrj k suck suck prkhk ;4 bllk.
Tjr sicprkrj Ëaktks butcrjjnktcrj erblijsj nk ibrtj nb pbrbtk j rkvjstkhjltk pbrkjtbak icl njicrbzkclk njicrbzk clk j hbtjrkbak nk rkijrib.
BVI@K^JI^ZVBA NKMJY^ • K^BAKB
2>:
9
I
chj cmlk stcrkb nk suiijssc i`j sk rkspjttk, bli`j qujstb lcl pctjvb i`j ichklikbrj ichklikbr j icl ul mbrbmj. Zl mbrbmj nk Icpjlbm`jl, I cpjlbm`jl, lcl kl Ibakecrlkb, pjrö. p jrö. A‛bllc A‛bllc à ka 2;:0, ka prctbmclkstb à Brlj Obicfsjl, ul mjlkc hbturc nk :5 bllk. bl lk. Ab prctbmclkstb à klvjij k lvjij ulb pcatrclb (lcl (lcl lja sjlsc nk pkmrb, hb nk sjnutb)? Brlj ab nksjmlb, ab sicapksij icl pabstkaklb pabstkak lb pjri`ë `b ulb ecrhb cvcknbaj i`j lcl lcl s‛à hbk vkstb vk stb (hb i‛à i`k scstkjlj i`j njrkvk nbaab ]chf nk Jjrc Ybbrkljl, j a‛bllc prkhb Lbllb Nktzja bvjvb rjbakzzbtc pjr Tkjrbltclkc
nba trbeekic njk iakjltk. Mkä a‛bafjrmc à ul suc prcmjttc, ka YBY Vcyba @ctja nk Icpjlbm`jl, ul ajvkmbtc pbrbaajajpkpjnc bamknc j pjrejttc, batc 5;,5 hjtrk hjtr k (luhjrc (luhjrc hbmkic). Mubrnblncac irjsijrj b pcic b pcic lja ikjac njaab ibpktbaj nbljsj, Obicfsjl sjl sjltj tj a‛urmjlzb nk icltrbstbrlj ka sjmlc sjm lc hklkhbaj, bljhctkvc icl ecrhj crmblki`j, vktbakstki`j, uhblkzzbltk, nctbtj nk pjsc j vcauhj catrj i`j nk akljj. ^blt‛à i`j ljaab `baa pkbzzb ulb siuatcrjb sibab jakicknbaj i`j sufktc nkvjltb a‛`km`akm`t njaa‛jnkekikc. J pck p ck ik vcmakclc njmak brrjnk, lucvk hb i`j trbmmblc bakhjltc nb bri`jtkpk
Fclbiklb ab sub Jmm scspjsb... scspjsb ...),), aj eb aj crjii`kj ecrsj pjlsblnc p jlsblnc baab Tjakibl nk Ekll Ou`a cppurj hjnktblnc i`j ab njvj klsjrkrj ljaab `baa nk ul mrblnj bafjrmc j i`j nuj crjii`kj icsá sjrvclc b kscabrj i`k vk sk skjnj, b irjbrmak ulc spbzkc tuttc tutt c suc, b sjpbrbrac
blijstrbak. Ajmmjrk, hb scnk jn jsprjsskvk. Tjr jsjhpkc ka icrpc uhblc, hjmakc huakjfrj pjri`ë `b pkû rctclnktä, rctclnktä , c i`j ics‛batrc3 Kl pbrtkicabrj ciicrrj, pjlsb Brlj, ‑ulb pcatrclb bvvcamjltj, ichcnb, ichpbttb‘, bli`j mkrjvcaj ncvj biiciicabrsk, rkeumkbrsk, scttrbrsk c iclijnjrsk bmak bma k batrk b prcprkc pkbijrj. Zl mrjhfc hbtjrlc, ul ucvc bppultc. Tjlsb baaj crjii`kj, Brlj, hb bli`j baac si`kjlbaj? njvj jssjrj batc j fbsiuabltj pjr pjrhjttjrj ba icrpc j baab tjstb nk bssuhjrj aj pcsturj nk hbmmkcr fjljssjrj. Hb qujaac si`kjlbaj i`j icl ab pabstkaklb à ul hchjltc hcnjaabrac, à kl ul ijrtc sjlsc ulb i`khjrb tjilcacmkib. Krrjbakzzbfkaj. Lcl skb hbk, qujaac à j qujaac sk njvj ebffrkibrj. Obicfsjl baacrb stunkb ulb strutturb nk ekfrb nk vjtrc rklecrzbtb kl si`kuhb pcakurjtblkib, scauzkclj bvvjlkrkstkib pjr ka tjhpc, a‛bppcmmkb su ul pkjnj nk baauhklkc trcvblnc ka pjrejttc pjr ejttc fkablikbhjltc trb k nuj jajhjl jajhjltk, tk,
>
ab eb nk rctbltj ul iusikljttc b sejrb. Yjhpakij lc3 À lbtbEKLJ ab Jmm nk Brlj. icl 54 bllk eb, hcnjrlb pjr sjhprj.
BVI@K^JI^ZVBA NKMJY^ • K^BAKB
2>=
Y^CVKJ.
Euturkshc rbzkclbakstb B ;4 bllk nba suc baajstkhjltc baajstkhjltc njaab njaab Hcstrb Hcstrb Yjrkib, nkFBANJYYBVK Ukaab Cahc Ukaab b Ichc, sk tcrlb tcrlb b Lbzkclbaj pbrabrj nk AZIKBLC j nja suc aklmubmmkc prctjkecrhj prctjke crhj b prcpcsktc prcpcsktc njaab Eclnbzkclj i`j prjlnjrä vktb prjssc ka I.B.Y.U I. B.Y.U.B., .B., ijltrc irjbtc b Hkablc pjr iustcnkrj mak bri`kvk nk brtkstk nja ‛;44. Zl‛ciibskclj pjr rkicrnbrj ka suc mjlkc. nk BAJYYBLNVB RZB^^CVNKC
rtkstb3 Ijrtbhjltj sá, blicr prkhb i`j bri`ktjttc. Auikblc Fbanjssbrk irjffj kl quja ircmkucac nk kltjaakmjlzb j irjbtkvktä i`j eu Vcvjrjtc lja prkhc ‛;44, qublnc ka ^rjltklc jrb blicrb bustrkbic. Eu icltbmkbtc kl pbrtkicabrj pbrt kicabrj nba mjlkc nk Ecrtulbtc Njpjrc, nk auk pkû vjii`kc nk qubttrc bllk, euturkstb euturkst b ejrtkaksskhc i`j bvjvb nkabtbtc k suck crkzzcltk nbaab pktturb baab siuaturb, baaj brtk bppakibtj, j i`j b Vcvjrjtc bvjvb eclnbtc ka Ikricac Euturkstb, b iuk lja 2;29 Fbanjssbrk, nkikbssjttjllj, sk ulá. A‛krrjqukjtjzzb, i`j b Fbanjssbrk jrb icllbturbtb, j aj suj nctk nk bfkaj nksjmlbtcrj ac spklsjrc prjstc b trbsejrkrsk b Hkablc, ncvj stunkö sijlcmrbekb sijlcmrbekb b Frjrb j sk aburjö kl bri`ktjtt bri`ktjtturb urb lja ‛66. Lja mjllbkc 2;69 jrb mkä b Fjraklc, hjtrcpcak icshcpcaktb kl qujmak bllk pcaktkibhjltj turfcajltb, rkiib nk ejrhjltk j klqukjtunklk. Rujstj aj iccrnklbtj i`j njeklksiclc njekl ksiclc ‑ka hchjltc burjc‘ njaab ecrhbzkclj nk Fbanjssbrk ab iuk ebhb sk à ajmbtb scprbttuttc baa‛‑bri`ktjtturb njaa‛jeekhjrc‘ (sijlcmrbekj, pbnkmakclk ekjrkstkik, baajstkhjltk), hb i`j hcatc batrc ijabvb lja sjmlc pctjltjhjltj vkskclbrkc.. Ljaab vkskclbrkc Ljaab ikttä tjnjsib s‛khhjrsj lja iakhb jsprjsskclkstb jsprjsskclkstb
B
j njaab Ljuj Ybi`aki`gjkt. Jsjriktbrclc su nk auk ul prceclnc kleaussc k rjmkstk Hbx Vjkl`brnt, Jrwkl Tksibtcr j Erktz __
]@C‛Y ]@C Auikblc Fbanjssbrk (20;5-2;06)
sk aburjb ba Tcaktjilkic nk Hkablc. Ncpc scmmkcrlk b Fjraklc Fjraklc j Tbrkmk, à b Hkablc ichj sijlcmrbec j, mrbzkj baa‛klnustrkbaj baa‛ klnustrkbaj Ibrac Erub, ichj bri`ktjttc bri`ktjttc.. Ukvj nurbltj ab mujrrb b Ljw [crg, ncvj sk njnkib b pktturb j sijlcmrbflb, pjr pck abvcrbrj abvcrbrj kl kl Ktbakb Ktbakb j Mjrhblkb.
2>0
BVI@K^JI^ZVBA NKMJY^ • K^BAKB
C L B A K H , K V B Y Y J N A B F B I Y C H B ^ K _ ^ C ^ J ^ K @ I V B C ^ B U K V T C I K E B V M C ^ C E C K U K @ I V B [ Y J ^ V Z C I . C L B A K H , . B . U . Y . B . I C L B A K H K N J L Z H C I , K V B Y Y J N A B F C L B K I Z A C K U K @ I V B [ Y J ^ Z V C I
Y^CVKJ.
LBYIJVÄ B HKABLC Ablm, mak brtkstk Csgbr Gcgcsi`gb, Acvks Icrklt` j Cttc Nkx, mak bri`ktjttk Hkjs vbl vb l njr Vc`j, ]batjr Mrcpkus Mrcpkus j @bls Tcjazkm. Ab prcnuzkclj pkttcrkib j sijlcmrbekib nk Fbanjssbrk, pjrhjbtb nba vkmcrj njaab skltjsk, skltjsk, nb nrbhhbtkik nklbhkshk j nb ul klikskvc sjlsc nja icacrj, lcl pbssö klcssjrvbtb. Icl ka rktcrlc kl Ktbakb, lja ‛65, jffj a‛cppcrtulktä nk hjttjrj b eruttc er uttc ka suc pjli`blt ‑sijlkic‘ baajstjlnc b Ichc lja 2;6= ab Hcstrb Lbzkclbaj Yjrkib nk Ukaab Cahc j b Hkablc, j lja 2;60, ka ^jbtrc njaab Hcnb baab KP Ekjrb Kltjrlbzkclbaj. Ircijvkb nk prjsjlzj skmlkekibtkvj jrb, kl qujmak bllk, bli`j ab Ichc rbzkclbakstb nk Mkusjppj ^jrrbmlk. Jiic baacrb bppbrkrj ljaa‛cpjrb nk Fbanjssbrk qujmak stkajhk, trb Eulzkclbakshc jn jhpktc euturkstb jn jsprjsskclkstb, i`j bvrjffjrc iclicrsc baab Auhklbtcr lbtcr , abhpbnb-hblki`klc bltrcpchcreb, njeklkzkclj nja Auhk hjhcrj njk fbaajrklk hjiiblkik nk Csgbr Yi`ajhhjr, usbtb pjr jspcrrj k tjssutk j njstklbtb b nkvjlkrj Ajkthctkv pjr a‛bri`ktjttc. Ka Auhk Auhklbtcr lbtcr eu eu prjsjltbtc lja ‛6=, kl ecrhb jhfrkclbaj, baab Ak frjrkb Lctbrk kl vkb Hcltjlb Hcltjlbpcaj pcajclj clj j ssbrjffj brjffj rkbppbrsc rkbppbrsc ba TbnkTbnkmakclj Fjrlcii`k ljaab P Ekjrb Kltjrlbzkclbaj nk Hkablc, baa‛Jxpc Kltjrlbzkclbaj nk Fbrijaaclb lja 2;6;, j, blicrb, lja ‛99-‛9>, ljk fczzjttk njaa‛Bppbrtbhjltc Bppbrtbhjltc pjr Yibpc Yibpcac ac (Ibsb Fcai Fcai`klk) `klk).. Nkeekikaj lcl kltrbvjnjrj, kl luij, lja hctc eajssucsc njaaj suj ‑frbiikb‘ k prcnrchk nk qujaaj trbkjttcrkj iurvkakljj i`j kl cpjrj suiijsskvj bvrjffjrc ‑tbmakbtc‘ icl rkthc bvvcamjltj ac spbzkc nksjmlblnc kljnktk nklbhkshk. Lja sjiclnc ncpcmujrrb, ncpc ‑a‛jskakc‘ ljwycrgjsj ljwycrg jsj nurbltj ka icleakttc hclnkbaj, Fbanjssbrk bvvjrtkvb a‛jskmjlzb nk ebr pbrtjikpk k vksktbtcrk ba prcmjttc bri`ktjttclkic?
pjr klnja qubaktä nk ‑rjmkstb‘ njaa‛Btrkc j Yibaclj n‛Clcrjb njaabjsjhpkc, ^rkjllbaj ‛:2, vcaaj ‑bffbmakbrj‘ ka puffakic klsjrjlnc
2:4
BVI@K^JI^ZVBA NKMJY^ • K^BAKB
Zlb ECLNB_KCLJ pjr bri`ktjttk bri`ktjttk j stunkcsk lja lchj nk Auikblc Fbanjssbrk. Baa ‛kltjrlc nja I.B.Y.U I.B .Y.U.B. .B. (Ijltrc nk Batk Ytunk sua suaaj aj Brtkk Ukskvj) ’ lbtc lja 6444 pjr biicmakjrj a‛Bri`kvkc Brt Fbanjssbrk, rbiicatc nb _ktb Hcsib Fbanjssbrk, i`j à prchctrkij nk cmlk klkzkbtkvb ’, sk stb rjbakzzblnc ulb Eclnbzkclj pbrtjikpbtb. Jssb scstjrrä stunk j bttkvktä lja ibhpc nk bri`ktjtturb, njskml j brtj kl rjabzkclj bk hbtjrkbak iclstuktk kl qujstk bllk lja Ijltrc stjssc, cmmk iustcnktk ba Ibstjaac Yecrzjsic, hb icl euturb icaacibzkclj ba R^0. ʋ
6
2
Y^CVKJ.
Bltrcpcac Bltrcpc acmkb mkb njaab ibsb Ljaab sub nkhcrb nk Cxecrn, Cxecr n, bffkbhc klicltrbtc klicltr btc , ebhcsc zccacmc, scikcfkcacmc, scikcfkcacmc, ejiclnc
N JYH C LN H C V V KY
sirkttcrj nkvuambtcrj j bli`j brtkstb. Klskjhj bffkbhc pbrabtc njaab sub knjb njaa‛bfktbrj j nk i`j icsb rbpprjsjltb rbpprjsjl tb pjr auk b ibsb ncvj ncv j vkvj crhbk nb qubrblt‛bllk j nb iuk, nkij, «lcl hk stbii`jrö pkû·. nk EV B LI JYI B EJA A KLK
]@C‛Y ]@C
Njshcln Hcrrks (2;60,
quk icl ka suc prjzkcsc hkircsicpkc) à zccacmc, jtcacmc, bltrcpcacmc, nkvuambtcrj sikjltkflic j pkttcrj surrjbakstb. ^rb k suck akfrk, Ab sikhhkb lunb , Ab trkfû nja ibaikc j ibaikc j Zl ijrvc kl hjtrcpcaktblb , bppjlb usiktc us iktc kl Ktbakb.
2
6
_
ccacmc jn jtcacmc jtjrcncssc trb k pkû khpcrtbltk njaa‛uatkhc sjicac, quctbtc pkttcrj surrjbakstb j butcrj lja 2;5= nk ul‛kltrbhcltbfkaj fjst sjaajr quba à Ab sikhhkb sikhhkb lunb, Njshcln Hcrrks ejstjmmkb ejstjmm kb ka 6> mjllbkc k suck suck prkhk ;4 bllk. A‛bbffkbhc ffkbhc klicltrbtc ljaac stunkc njaab ssub ub nkhcrb nk Cxecrn, ncvj ul tjhpc eu ichpkabtc ka pkû ebhcsc nkzkclbrkc njaab aklmub klmajsj, j icl auk bffkbhc i`kbii`kjrbtc suaa‛jtcacmkb suaa ‛jtcacmkb njaa‛bfktbrj. I`j ics‛à ab ibsb pjr mak jssjrk uhblk3 Tjr ab lcstrb spjikj icltklub b jssjrj lknc n‛bhcrj, hb purj rkpbrc nba iakhb j nbaaj kltjhpjrkj, pcstc ncvj baajvbrj k pkiicak, brjb prctjttb prctjtt b kl iuk bakhjltbrsk j nkejlnjrsk. n kejlnjrsk. ^bltj ^bltj icsj klschhb. J klvjij i`j ics‛à ics‛à pjr ajk ab sub sub ibsb3 ibsb3 Ab ibsb pjr hj à hcatc nk pkû nja aucmc ncvj ncrhc j ncvj vkvc? à ka aucmc ncvj ka hkc ijrvjaac à pkû bttkvc j ncvj pcssc njnkibrhk ba baab ab icltjhpabzkclj. Ab hkb ibsb à ncvj kc hk sjltc ikriclnbtc nbaaj hjhcrkj njaab hkb vktb j nbk hkjk akfrk. Rublnc hk mubrnc kltcrlc kl qujstc stunkc à ichj bvjrj k hkjk rkicrnk nkspcstk suaaj pbrjtk, pjri`ë sclc zjppj njk akfrk icl mak brmchjltk i`j i`j `c stunkbtc lja icrsc njaa‛jskstjlzb njaa‛jskstjlzb.. Yclc stbtc kl 24= Tbjsk nkeejrjltk nurbltj 650 vkbmmk. Ncvj blnbvc,
Ac stunkc nk Njshcln Hcrrks, ijltrc ljvrbamkic njaab sub ibsb. Nkij? «Ruk `c sirkttc tuttk k hkjk akfrk, quk sclc stkpbtk k rkicrnk njaab hkb vktb·. Yua ibvbaajttc ul suc nkpkltc surrjbakstb, nbppjrtuttc cmmjttk rbiicatk nurbltj k suck 650 vkbmmk. 6. Ab akfrjrkb njaac stunkc icltkjlj ikrib 2:.444 vcauhk. Yuk pkblk njk ibssjttclk ulb pbrtj njaab icaajzkclj nk sejrj hkljrbak. 9. Hcrrks à bli`j ul icaaj icaajzkclkstb zkclkstb nk hkljrbak rbrk. >. Yua vjii`kc hblki`klc sclc stbtk bppakibtk vbrk rkicrnk? ul‛bltkib ebaij ikprkctb, hbsi`jrb ircbtb nb ‑hjnkic njaab pjstj‘ j ul ibppjaac nk pbmakb njaa‛kscab nk Mkbvb. Hjhcrkj nk vktb. 2.
ichprbvc tuttc ikö i`j i‛jrb nk pbrtkicabrj kl quja Tbjsj. ^uttc cmmk à quk kltcrlc b hj, kl qujstc stunkc. Ab hkb knjb à i`j ab ibsb pkû à pjrsclbaj, pkû à eulzkclbaj. eulz kclbaj. Nkvjltb ul‛jstjlskclj nja icrpc, aj pbrjtk ul‛jstjlskclj njaab hjltj, hjltj, ulb pbrtj pbr tj nk hj. Jssjrj pkttcrj pkttcrj `b kleaujlzbtc ka nëicr nëicr njaab sub bfktbzkclj3 bfktbzkclj3 Rublnc jrc mkcvblj kl ibsb bvjvc scac k hkjk qubnrk, pck `c bmmkultc qujaak nk batrk butcrk. Kl rjbatä `c tjlutc fjl pci`j njaaj hkj cpjrj. Zlb à quk icl lck, ljaac stunkc. Aj A j pkbij3 EKLJ
9
B A A K U C L B K _ B V M
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BVI@K^JI^ZVBA NKMJY^ • K^BAKB
2:9
Y^ Y ^C CV V KK J J ..
Tbrjtk n‛brtj j nk pcjskb Irjbtkvktä, rkijrib, kllcvbzkclj, hbtjrkbak klscaktk, ulb hblc Irjbtkvktä, h blc kltjaakmjltj kltjaakmjltj j scekstkibtb sclc aj qubaktä i`j eekl kl nbaab eclnbzkclj, lja 2;00, `bllc rjsc ulkic ËAK^KY , butcrj-jnktcrj butcrj-jnktcrj erblijsj nk ibrtb nb pbrbtk pbrbtk j rkvjstkhjltk hurbak, iclsjltjlncmak nk klvjltbrj ul klkhktbfkaj vcibfcabrkc jhctkvc, vkskvc j tbttkaj. nk VCFJV^C H. FJLJ^^K
2:>
BVI@K^JI^ZVBA NKMJY^ • K^BAKB
Abvcrc nk squbnrb.
ka tjbh irjbtkvc nk Ëaktks baa‛cpjrb ljaa‛btjakjr njaa‛bzkjlnb. YCTVB? ac s`cwrcch Ëaktks nk Ljw [crg. YC^^C? rkvjstkhjltc hurbaj Nchklc njaab Icaajzkclj Ëaktks 6420. . B YKLKY^VB?
b stcrkb nk Ëaktks, jnktcrj nk rkvjstkhjltk r kvjstkhjltk pbrkjtbak, klichklikb b ^cacsb lja hbmmkc 2;00. Klkzkb icl ulc ‑siccp‘ prcnuttkvc i`j scrprjlnj? ulb icaajzkclj nk ibrtj nb pbrbtk i`j rkprcnuij ul hurc kltclbibtc baab mrjib rjbakzzbtc icl icacrk beebttc klscaktk baa‛jpcib, vjrnk njk Hbrk nja Yun, bzzurrk cijblkik, turi`jsk ichj abmulj, rcsb euiskb, mkbaak scabrk, tjrrjicttj ichj aj ijrbhki`j nk Blnuzj, fkbli`k ljvcsk j abttjk, rcssk ibrnklbak. B tbaj jspacskclj jspacskclj irchb irchb-tkib icrrkspclnj ul fcch nk vjlnktj, ul suiijssc. «Kl qujmak bllk·, spkjmb Hbrrbun njs Mrcttjs, irjbtcrj j prjsknjltj njaab scikjtä, «ka hclnc njaab njicrbzkclj jrb hcatc iclsjrvbtcrj, ka ‛=44 rjmlbvb scvrblc. Ëaktks à lbtb icltrcicrrjltj, icl ulc smubrnc icltjhpcrbljc, nksklkfktc, rchpjlnc k icnkik vkmjltk, pcrtblnc erjsi`jzzb, icacrj, pcjskb. Zlb sijatb vklijltj· vklijltj·.. À ul‛khpcstbzkclj i`j nkstklmuj sufktc sufktc a‛bzkjlnb, lj eb ul ibsc b
A
së lja hjribtc. Ikö i`j hctkvb aj strbtjmkj nk Ëaktks lcl à ka
__
2::
Y^CVKJ.
2
6
9
«LJAAJ LCY^VJ ICAAJ_KCLK CMLZLC ^VCUB IKÖ I@J ICVVKYTCLNJ BA YZC Y^B^C N‛BLKHC, BA YZC TVCMJ^ TVCMJ^^C ^C B B^ ^ ^ZBAJ·. ^ZBAJ·. TB^VKIJ TB^VKIJ HBVV BZN NJY MVC^^JY
>
2:5
hbrgjtklm, sclc k vbacrk eclnbtkvk ichj a‛kljstklmukfkaj a ‛kljstklmukfkaj irjbtk vktä j ab rkijrib klstblibfkaj nk lucvk hb hbtjrkbak, tjrkbak, tjilki`j, trbhj j tjxturj? aj spbahbturj hjtbaaki`j sua aklc, k vklkak mceerbtk, k rkibhk su pjaaj, k rkvjstkhjltk kl irklj nk ibvbaac c kl mbaui`bt, aj pbstj nk ijaauacsb mceerbtj, aj pbmakj mkbppcljsk rkvksktbtj, ekfrj vjmjtbak kltrjiikbtj b hblc su tjabk kl ajmlc, ab icrtjiikb nk pbahb, ab lcij nk iciic, ab ekfrb nk iciic, a‛bfbib, ab hbnrjpjrab tjssutb ichj ul lbstrc prjzkcsc. A‛jajlic à kleklktc j kl nkvjlkrj. Nkij Hclskjur Tbtrkij? «Ab ‑irjbzkclj‘ à ka iucrj nk Ëaktks, tbltc pkû khpcrtbltj kl qubltc lcl bttklmkbhc nbmak bri`kvk c nbk husjk· husjk·.. Tjr qujstc aa‛bzkjl ‛bzkjlnb nb tcacsblb `b iicstktuktc cstktuktc ba suc kltjrlc ul vkvbiksskhc Zeekikc Ytkaj b iuk icaabfcrblc brtkstk prc vjlkjltk nb hc hclnk lnk h hcatc catc nkvjrsk j lcl ajmbtk baab njicrbzkcl njicrbzkclj. j. Ka prcijssc nk svkauppc sv kauppc nnjaaj jaaj knjj à tuttbvkb aulmc, ab mjstbzkclj nk ul prcncttc puö nurbrj nbk : bk = bllk. «Ikö i`j khhjttkbhc su hjribtc njvj rbpprjsjltbrj pjr lck ulb lucvb ercltkjrb. Aj icaajzkclk sibturksiclc lbturbahjltj nbaaj iuaturj pjrsclbak njmak brtkstk icl iuk abvcrkbhc, hb njrkvblc bli`j nb vkbmmk, klicltrk, sibhfk eucrk nbk icleklk njaab lcstrb prcejsskclj, nba icltbttc icl brtkmkblk j brtkstk br tkstk j nbaab pbsskclj i`j iclnkvknkbhc icl k lcstrk tjrzkstk. Ka ikiac nk abvcrbzkclj klkzkb icl a‛blbaksk njaaj tjlnjlzj j njaaj jhczkclk i`j prcvkbhc. Yjmuj ab ebsj nja nksjmlc, quklnk a‛kltjrvjltc njmak btjakjr i`j iclsjltclcc ab trbnuzkclj iclirjtb njk nksjmlk iclsjltcl (klikskclk, stbhpk, tjabk jii.). B qujstc pultc ichklikb ab prcnuzkclj vjrb j prcprkb j pck, b i`kunjrj, vkjlj ab prjsjltbzkclj njaaj icaajzkclk kl sijlcmrbekj bn `ci, ibsj, vkaaj, bppbrtbhjltk. Zl abvcrc ichpajssc j nk squbnrb i`j khpclj ul klijssbltj rkllcvbhjltc irjbtkvc jn à ecltj nk strjss, hb i`j purj ichulkib nklbhkshc jn jljrmkb pcsktkvb. Cmlk prcmjttc lbsij j irjsij sjlzb ljssulb ijrtjzzb, sj lcl qujaab nk irjnjrik. Irjkbhc tuttc j lcl prcnuikbhc luaab, ka i`j ik rjlnj bpjrtk b cmlk tjilkib. À qujstc bpprciikc i`j ik nkeejrjlzkb·. EKLJ
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5
Hurk nk ebltbskb. 2. K
tjssutk hurbak nk Ëaktks sclc ka eruttc nk ul aulmc j biiurbtc abvcrc brtkmkblbaj svcatc hblubahjltj. 6. Zl hbstrc brtkmkblc br tkmkblc jsjmuj ab icacrbzkclj njaaj tjssjrklj nk iciic. 9. K tbssjaak nk iciic icacrbtk pjr ka rkvjstkhjltc hurbaj Icic Y`jaas. >. :. 5. j =. ^rb mjchjtrkj, mrbflshk. mkci`k nk icacrj jn jvcibzkclk jsctki`j, tbltj sclc aj njiaklbzkclk njicrbtkvj prcpcstj nba rkvjstkhjltc hurbaj Nchklc njaab Icaajzkclj Ëaktks 6420. Bnbttj pjr jssjrj prctbmclkstj kl cmlk stkaj nk brrjnbhjltc. 0. Nä ulb sjlsbzkclj hbtjrkib j
=
trknkhjlskclbaj ka rkvjstkhjltc rkvjstkhjltc hurbaj ^rblicsc, Icaajzkclj Ëaktks 6420.
0
rumkblc.ich
]KLMY tbfaj
Eabm`s`kp Ytcrj? Ukb njaab Hcsicvb, :9 HKABLCS rumkblcDrumkblc.kt
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