Acuifero e Intrusion de Agua.

 

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Qcpùaebgn Afebvnrbnon Mc Pcoczucen Dbobstcrbf Mce Zfmcr Zfpuenr Znrn En Mc`cosn Sobvcrsbmnm Ongbfone Cxpcrbdcotne Mc Ens @ucrzns Nrdnmns  SOC@N ‗ Oùgecf Anrbons

NGSB@CQFW C BO@ESIF MC NLSN.

Zrf`csfr. Rcrsfo Dfrn. Anghbeecr. Focbmn Pîsqucz. Gb9 1=812= Anrbons, narbe 1:1:.

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1

Botrfmuggb÷o  

Efs nguä`crfs sfo nguduengbfocs mc nlun nercmcmfr mc efs hbmrfgnraurfs, efs nguä`crfs cstîo

sbcomf gfosbmcrnmfs gfdf uo dcgnobsdf quc prfpfrgbfon cocrlän pnrn quc efs `eubmfs pucmno scr cxtrnämfs mc en dcifr dnocrn, cxbstco mbvcrsfs tbpfs mc nguä`crfs efs gunecs cstîo abco mc`bobmfs co cstc trnanif, tfmfs nsfgbnmfs n su gfdpfrtndbcotf co ce yngbdbcotf y mc quâ dnocrn n`cgtn ne pctr÷ecf, ce nlun cs dîs mcosn quc ce pctr÷ecf pfr comc prcscotn uons prfpbcmnmcs mbstbotns ne nudcotnr en tcdpcrnturn y en prcsb÷o co ce dbsdf, cxbstco vnrbfs dfmcefs nguä`crfs, efs cstnaecs c bocstnaecs gnmn dfmcef tbcoc uo `uomndcotf y `frduens cspcgb`bgnmns ansnmns pfr  nutfrcs, cs mc lrno bdpfrtnogbn gfofgcr ef quc cs uo nguä`crf, pumc tcocr gbcrtns ebdbtngbfocs quc  pucmco vnrbns gfo rcspcgtf ne tbcdpf.  

Co efs gfotcobmfs mc uo yngbdbcotf sbcdprc vno cxbstbr, lns, nlun y pctr÷ecf, ce nlun pucmc

sucec cstnr co en pnrtc supcrbfr mc en rfgn pfr su mcosbmnm rcspcgtf ne lns y ne pctr÷ecf, `frdn gnrngtcrästbgn mc uo yngbdbcotf pucmc vnrbnr gfo en prcscogbn mc lns mbsucetf, y pfr comc ce dcgnobsdf mc prfmuggb÷o quc npebgnrn mcac tfdnr co gucotn en uabgngb÷o mc efs `eubmfs mcotrf mc uo rcscrvfrbf.

1

 

7

NGSB@CQF9  

Son lrno lrno gnotb gnotbmnm mnm mc yngb yngbdbc dbcotf otfss mc pctr÷e pctr÷ecf cf y lns tb tbcoco coco uo nguä`cr nguä`crf f nsfgb nsfgbnmf nmf quc

rcprcscotn uon `ucotc bdpfrtnotc mc cocrlän. Cstn cocrlän prfvcc uo dcgnobsdf mc cdpuic pnrn en prfmuggb÷o mc `eubmfs gunomf efs yngbdbcotfs sfo sfdctbmfs n prfmuggb÷o.

Wc grcc quc ce lrno oùdcrf mc yngbdbcotfs gfo cdpuic mc nlun cstî rcengbfonmf gfo ce frblco dnrbof mc dughfs yngbdbcotfs. Co efs gnsfs co quc ce vfeudco mce nguä`crf cs dcofs mc >: vcgcs ce vfeudco mce yngbdbcotf, ce dcgnobsdf mc cdpuic pfr nlun cs gfosbmcrnmf pcqucþf. Wb ce tndnþf mce nguä`crf cs sblob`bgntbvndcotc dnyfr (? >:x), ce dcgnobsdf mc cdpuic pfr nlun  pucmc scr en prbogbpne `ucotc mc cocrlän mc yngbdbcotf.  

Gunomf en prcsb÷o prcsb÷o mce mce yngbdb yngbdbcotf cotf mbsdbouyc, mbsdbouyc, sc grcn uo mb`crcogbne mb`crcogbne mc prcsb÷o prcsb÷o n trnvâs trnvâs mce mce

gfotngtf nlun-pctr÷ecf (nlun-lns) y, co gfoscgucogbn, ce nguä`crf rcnggbfon prfpfrgbfonomf efs sblubcotcs dcgnobsdfs mc cdpuic9 

Cxpnosb÷o mce nlun co ce nguä`crf. 7

 

=



Qcmuggb÷o mce vfeudco pfrfsf mce nguä`crf gnusnmf pfr cxpnosb÷o mc en rfgn.



@euif nrtcsbnof.

 

Co yngbdbcotfs mc pctr÷ecf gfo cdpuic pfr nlun, ce `ngtfr mc rcgfarf pucmc vnrbnr cotrc 73%03% mce ZFCW, dbcotrns quc, co ce gnsf mc cdpuic pfr lns co sfeugb÷o, sc fatbcoc cotrc >:%13%. Zfr ce gfotrnrbf, co yngbdbcotfs mc lns, ce dcgnobsdf mc cdpuic pfr nlun pucmc fatcocr  `ngtfrcs mc rcgfarf cotrc 73%-03% mce LFCW, dbcotrns gfo cxpnosb÷o mce lns ebarc, ce rcgfarf  pucmc vnrbnr cotrc ) ZQ ZQF FMSGG MSGGBF BFO9 O9

1) CAD9

Gensb`bgngb÷o mc Nguä`crfs sc pucmc gensb`bgnr mc ngucrmf n9 

Lrnmf mc dnotcobdbcotf mc prcsb÷o.



Gfombgbfocs mc eädbtc.



Qclädcocs mc `euif.



Lcfdcträns mc `euif.

Lrnmf mc Dnotcobdbcotf mc Zrcsb÷o.

3

 

0

 n) Ngtbvf  a) Znrgbne g) Ebdbtnmf   Ce bo`eui bo`euif f mc nlun nlun cs blune blune ne vngbndb vngbndbcot cotf f tftne tftne mce yngbdbco yngbdbcotf. tf. Gfdùod Gfdùodcot cotcc sc gnrngtcrbzno pfr uon mcgebongb÷o ecotn y lrnmune mc en prcsb÷o. Wb murnotc uo pcrbfmf enrlf, en tnsn mc prfmuggb÷o y en prcsb÷o pcrdnocgco rnzfonaecdcotc gfostnotcs, en tnsn mc eeconmf mc efs  pfrfs mce yngbdbcotf mcac scr blune n en tnsn mc bo`euif mc nlun.

F

4  + +  

Mfomc9  cw 4 ]nsn mc cotrnmn mc nlun [aae/mnyT ^f4 ]nsn mc ngcbtc [W]A/mnyT  Af4 @ngtfr vfeudâtrbgf mc `frdngb÷o mce ngcbtc [aae/W]AT ^l4 ]nsn mc lns ebarc [sg`/mnyT  Al4 @ngtfr vfeudâtrbgf mc `frdngb÷o mce lns [aae/sg`T ^w4 ]nsn mc prfmuggb÷o mc nlun [W]A/mnyT Aw4 @ngtfr vfeudâtrbgf mc `frdngb÷o mce nlun [aae/W]AT

0

 

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Cicrgbgbf9 Gneguec en tnsn mc bo`euif mc nlun cw gunomf en prcsb÷o mce yngbdbcotf sc cstnabebzn n 7::: psb. Zb4 73:: psb mOp/mt471::: W]A/mny Af4 >.= aae/W]A LFQ4 2:: sg`/W]A Qs4 .: aae/W]A.

Gfombgbfocs mc Eädbtc  n) Bo`bobtf9 Ce c`cgtf mc efs gndabfs mc prcsb÷o co en `rfotcrn yngbdbcotf ‗ nguä`crf of sc sbcotc co ce afrmc cxtcrof. En prcsb÷o co ce afrmc cxtcrof cs blune n Zb.  a) @bobtf9 Ce c`cgtf mc en mcgebongb÷o mc prcsb÷o sc sbcotc co ce afrmc cxtcrof mce nguä`crf. En  prcsb÷o co ce afrmc cxtcrof gndabn co `uogb÷o mce tbcdpf.

Qclädcocs mc @euif  Cxbstco trcs rclädcocs mc `euif quc bo`eucogbno en tnsn mc bo`euif mc nlun hngbn ce yngbdbcotf9 n) Cstnmf Cstnaec9 En gnämn mc prcsb÷o sc trnosdbtc co tfmf ce yngbdbcotf y ce nguä`crf rcnggbfon co `frdn bostnotîocn.   a) Cstnmf Bocstnaec9 En gnämn mc prcsb÷o sc trnosdbtc co tfmf ce yngbdbcotf y ce nguä`crf rcnggbfon co `frdn lrnmune.

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8

g) Cstnmf Zscumf Cstnaec9 En gnämn mc prcsb÷o co ce yngbdbcotf sc gfdpfrtn gfdf uon `uogb÷o ebocne gfo ce tbcdpf.

Lcfdcträns mc @euif   Efs sbstcdns yngbdbcotf-nguä`crf sc pucmco gensb`bgnr gfo ansc co ens lcfdcträns mc `euif

gfdf9

Dfmcefs mc Nguä`crfs 8

 

2

 Efs dfmcefs dntcdîtbgfs mc bo`euif mc nlun gfdùodcotc utbebznmfs co en bomustrbn mce pctr÷ecf sfo9 Cstnmf Cstnaec9 n) Zft  a) Wghbthubs (>270)  g) Hurst (>2=7)

 Cstnmf Bocstnaec9 n) Pno Cvcrmbolco-Hurst (>2=2)  a) Gnrtcr-]rngy (>20:)  g) @ctkfvbgh (>2) m) Neenrm-Ghco (>28=)

Zft9  Ce dfmcef mc Zft cs ce dfmcef dîs sbdpec quc pucmc scr utbebznmf pnrn cstbdnr ce bo`euif mc nlun co uo yngbdbcotf mc lns f ngcbtc. Cstî ansnmf co en mc`bobgb÷o mc gfdprcsbabebmnm. Son gnämn mc prcsb÷o co ce yngbdbcotf mcabmf n en prfmuggb÷o mc `eubmfs gnusn quc ce nlun mce nguä`crf sc cxpnomn y `euyn hngbn ce yngbdbcotf. Dntcdîtbgndcotc9

∀ 4 ∀Z Npebgnomf n en mc`bobgb÷o mc gfdprcsbabebmnm ne nguä`crf sc tbcoc 9

2

 

>:

 4 (

+ )( ∑ )

 Mfomc9  \c9 bo`euif mc nlun nguduenmf [aaeT  gw9 gfdprcsbabebmnm mce nlun *psb∑>+  g` 9 gfdprcsbabebmnm mc en rfgn *psb∑>+  \b9 vfeudco mc nlun bobgbne co ce nguä`crf [aaeT  pb9 prcsb÷o bobgbne mce yngbdbcotf [psbT  p9 prcsb÷o ngtune mce yngbdbcotf (co ce F\G) [psbT

Co ce gnsf quc en bo`eucogbn mce nguä`crf of scn gfdpectndcotc rnmbne, sc mc`boc uo `ngtfr mc `frdn9

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>>

 4 (

+ )( ∑ )

Mfomc9

 4 (Î 

)/ º 70:º 4  70:º

Cicrgbgbf9 Gneguenr en cotrnmn mc nlun quc rcsuetn mc uon gnämn mc prcsb÷o mc 1:: psb co ce gfotngtf nlun-ngcbtc gfo uo îoluef mc cotrnmn mc 8:º. Ce yngbdbcotf y ce nguä`crf tbcoco ens sblubcotcs prfpbcmnmcs9

>>

 

>1

Ce dfmcef Zft sfef cs npebgnaec n nguä`crfs pcqucþfs, mfomc ens mbdcosbfocs mce nguä`crf sfo mce dbsdf dbsdf frmco frmco mc dnlobt dnlobtum um mce yngbdbco yngbdbcotf. tf. Mrnkc Mrnkc scþne÷ scþne÷ quc gfdf gfdf ce nguä`c nguä`crf rf sc gf gfos osbm bmcr crnn rcen rcentb tbvn vndc dcot otcc pcquc pcqucþf, þf, uon gn gnäm ämnn mc pr prcs csb÷ b÷o o co ce yngbd yngbdbc bcot otf f sc tr trno nosd sdbt btbr brîî bostnotîocndcotc co ce sbstcdn yngbdbcotf nguä`crf. Zfr ef tnotf, sulbcrc quc, pnrn nguä`crfs dîs lrnomcs, sc rcqubcrc uo dfmcef dntcdîtbgf quc bogeuyn uon mcpcomcogbn mce tbcdpf, pnrn tcocr  co gucotn ce hcghf mc quc ne nguä`crf ec tfdn uo tbcdpf `bobtf rcspfomcr ne gndabf mc prcsb÷o co ce yngbdbcotf.

Wghbethubs9 Dfmcef mc Cstnmf Cstnaec  Ce gfdpfrtndbcotf mc `uif cstî mcsgrbtf pfr en Ecy mc Mnrgy9

En tnsn mc bo`euif mc nlun sc pucmc mcsgrbabr npebgnomf en Ecy mc Mnrgy9 >1

 

>7

Mfomc9 cw 4 ]nsn mc cotrnmn mc nlun [aae/mnyT  k9 pcrdcnabebmnm mce nguä`crf [dmT  h9 cspcsfr mce nguä`crf [`tT rn9 rnmbf mce nguä`crf [`tT rc 9 rnmbf mce yngbdbcotf [`tT  t9 tbcdpf [mnysT G9 gfostnotc mc bo`euif mc nlun [aae/m/psbT

En gfostno gfostnotc tc G pucmc pucmc scr hneenmn hneenmn mc en prfmugg prfmuggb÷o b÷o hbst÷rbg hbst÷rbgnn mce yngbdb yngbdbcotf cotf,, pcrf pcrf gneguenmn co cstnmf cstnaec. Gfdabonomf ens sblubcotcs cgungbfocs9

4  + +  w  /  4

4 ( ∑ ) >7

 

>=

Cicrgbgbf9 Gfo efs sblubcotcs mntfs gneguec en gfostnotc mc botrusb÷o mc nlun mc Wghbethubs. Zb4 73:: psb Z4 7::: psb mOp/mt471::: W]A/mny Af4 >.= aae/W]A LFQ4 2:: sg`/W]A Qs4 .: aae/W]A

Pno Cvcrmbolco-Hurst9  Dfmcef mc Cstnmf Bocstnaec Dfmb`bgnmf Ens `frduengbfocs dntcdîtbgns quc mcsgrbaco ce `euif mc grumf co ce wceeafrc sfo bmâotbgns n ens cgungbfocs quc mcsgrbaco co `euif mc nlun co uo nguä`crf co uo yngbdbcotf gbeäomrbgf.  

>=

 

>3

Gunomf uo pfzf mc ngcbtc cs pucstf co prfmuggb÷o prfmuggb÷o n uon tnsn mc `euif gfostnotc gfostnotc mcspuâs mc uo pcräfmf mc gbcrrc, ce gfdpfrtndbcotf mc en prcsb÷o cs gfotrfenmf pfr en gfombgb÷o mc `euif trnosgbcomc (cstnmf bocstnaec). Cstn gfombgb÷o mc `euif sc mc`boc murnotc ce pcräfmf mc tbcdpf co ce gune en `rfotcrn of tbcoc c`cgtf sfarc ce gfdpfrtndbcotf mc en prcsb÷o co ce yngbdbcotf. Pno Cvcrmbolco y Hurst rcsfevbcrfo en cgungb÷o mc bo`euif pnrn uo sbstcdn yngbdbcotfnguä`crf npebgnomf en trnos`frdnmn mc Enpengc n en cgungb÷o mc mb`usbvbmnm quc mcsgrbac ce `euif  anif gfombgbfocs trnosbcotcs

. Pno Cvcrmbolco y Hurst prfpusbcrfo uon sfeugb÷o n en cgungb÷o mc mb`usbvbmnm nmbdcosbfone  pnrn ens sblubcotcs gfombgbfocs mc `rfotcrn9 

]nsn tcrdbone gfostnotc. En tnsn mc bo`euif mc nlun sc nsudc gfostnotc pnrn uo pcräfmf mctcrdbonmf; y sc gneguen en gnämn gn ämn mc prcsb÷o co en `rfotcrn yngbdbcotf ‗ nguä`crf



Zrcsb÷ Zrc sb÷o o tcrdbo tcrdbone ne gfostn gfostnotc otc.. Wc nsudc nsudc uon gnämn gnämn mc prcsb÷ prcsb÷o o gfostn gfostnotc otc co en `rfotc `rfotcrn rn murnotc uo pcräfmf mc tbcdpf `bobtf, y sc mctcrdbon en tnsn mc bo`euif mc nlun.



Co en mcsgrbpgb÷o mc en botrusb÷o mc nlun mcsmc uo nguä`crf n uo yngbdbcotf cs mc dnyfr  botcrâs gneguenr en tnsn mc bo`euif mc nlun quc en prcsb÷o.

>3

 

>0



Cstf gfoeecvn n en mctcrdbongb÷o mc en tnsn mc bo`euif mc nlun gfdf `uogb÷o mc en gnämn mc  prcsb÷o co en `rfotcrn botcron mce sbstcdn yngbdbcotf-nguä`crf.

Pno Cvcrmbolco-Hu Cvcrmbolco-Hurst rst prfpusbcrfo prfpusbcrfo uon sfeugb÷o sfeugb÷o n en cgungb÷o cgungb÷o nmbdc nmbdcosbfone osbfone mc mb`usbvbmn mb`usbvbmnm m quc utbebzn en gfombgb÷o mc prcsb÷o gfostnotc y ens sblubcotcs gfombgbfocs bobgbnecs y mc afrmc9 

Gfombgbfocs bobgbnecs9 p 4 pb pnrn tfmfs efs vnefrcs mc r



Gfombgb÷o mc afrmc cxtcron9 -

Nguä`crf bo`bobtf9 p 4 pb, r 4 ∟

-

Nguäcrf obtf9

Nmbgbfonedcotc, vno Cvcrmbolco-Hurst nsudbcrfo quc ce nguä`crf cstnan c stnan gnrngtcrbznmf pfr9

 



Cspcsfr uob`frdc



Zcrdcnabebmnm gfostnotc



Zfrfsbmnm gfostnotc



Gfdprcsbabebmnm mc rfgn y nlun gfostnotc En sfe sfeug ugb÷ b÷o o n en en cgun cgungb gb÷o ÷o mc mb`u mb`usb sbvb vbmn mnm m pnrn pnrn uo uo sbst sbstcd cdnn yngb yngbdb dbcot cotff-ngu nguä` ä`cr crf, f,

gfosbmcrnomf ens gfombgbfocs mc afrmc mcsgrbtns, pcrdbtc gneguenr ce bo`euif mc nlun co `frdn mc uo pnrîdctrf nmbdcosbfone mcofdbonmf bo`euif mc nlun nmbdcosbfone \cM, ce gune cs `uogb÷o

mce tbcdpf nmbdcosbfone tM y ce rnmbf nmbdcosbfone rM9 Efs pnrîdctrfs nmbdcosbfonecs sc mc`boco mc en sblubcotc dnocrn9

>0

 

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Mfomc9  k9 pcrdcnabebmnm mce nguä`crf [dmT  t9 tbcdpf [mänsT ∃9 pfrfsbmnm mce nguä`crf

εw9 vbsgfsbmnm mce nlun co ce nguä`crf [gpT rn9 rnmbf mce nguä`crf [`tT rc9 rnmbf mce yngbdbcotf [`tT gw9 gfdprcsbabebmnm mce nlun [psb∑>T  gr 9 gfdprcsbabebmnm mc en rfgn [psb∑>T  gt 4 gw + gr 9 gfdprcsbabebmnm tftne [psb∑>T

Ce bo`euif nguduenmf mc nlun sc gneguen mc en sblubcotc cxprcsb÷o9

 4 ∀ Mfomc9  \c9 bo`euif mc nlun nguduenmf [aaeT A9 gfostnotc mc bo`euif mc nlun [aae/psbT p 4 pb ∑ p \cM9 bo`euif mc nlun nmbdcosbfone   4 >.>>2∃ 1h

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>8

Gneguenr en cotrnmn mc nlun ne `bone mce >cr ,1 mf y 3 tf nþf co uo yngbdbcotf gbrguenr gfo uo nguä`crf mc cxtcosb÷o bo`bobtn. En prcsb÷o bobgbne y ngtune sfo 13:: y 1=2: psb rcspcgtbvndcotc. N gfotboungb÷o, sc ducstrno ens prfpbcmnmcs mce yngbdbcotf y ce nguä`crf.

>8

 

>2

Zrbogbpbf mc supcrpfsbgb÷o  

Cxbstc uon gnämn mc prcsb÷o co ce gfotngtf nlun- pctr÷ecf mcabmf n en prfmug prfmuggb÷o gb÷o mc `eubmfs co uo yngbdbcotf nsfgbnmf n uo nguä`crf. Ce nlun sc cxpnomc y en gnämn mc prcsb÷o sc prfpnln mcotrf mce nguä`crf hngbn ce afrmc cxtcrof.

 

Mcabmf n quc ens gnämns mc prcsb÷o fgurrco co `frdn bomcpcombcotc, ce nlun sc cxpnomc n gfoscgucogbn mc sugcsbvns gnämns mc prcsb÷o.

>2

 

1:

1:

 

1>

Gfogeusb÷o

Efs bolcobcrfs mc pctr÷ecf sfo gnpngcs mc grcnr dâtfmfs y cstumbfs dntcdîtbgfs sbdpecs pnrn mcsnrrfeenr en sfeugb÷o n gunequbcr prfaecdn mce pfzf y nsä dcifrnr en vbmn  prfmugtbvn mc uo rcscrvfrbf, co cstc scotbmf sc rcnebzno noîebsbs y cstumbfs ndpebfs pnrn nsä gfdcoznr gfo en prfmuggb÷o mc uo pfzf yn quc mcspuâs mc bobgbnr gfo en prfmuggb÷o of mcacräno prcscotnrsc prfaecdns mc suasucef pfr botrusb÷o mc nlun ef gune pucmc fgnsbfonr mnþfs n uon tuacrän mc rcvcstbdbcotf en gune cs uo mnþf y pcrmbmns mc `eubmfs  pfr ce dbsdf, efs nguä`crfs prcscotno `frduens cspcgä`bgns cspcgä`bgns pnrn mctcrdbonr en botrusb÷o mc nlun en gune tndabâo pucmc frblbonr uo nudcotf mc en prcsb÷o co ce pfzf, uon prfmuggb÷o nlun dnyfr, quc tndpfgf cs acoc`bgbfsf pnrn en bomustrbn pctrfecrn. En cgfofdän pctrfecrn nrrnogn n pnrtbr mc uon vcotn sustcotnaec mc efs rcgursfs  pctrfecrfs, grcnr oucvfs dâtfmfs mc cstumbfs, rcnebznr cstumbfs, y fatcocr mntfs cs nelf netndcotc gfstfsf, pfr ceef mcac scr nprfvcghnmf ne dîxbdf gnmn uof mc efs noîebsbs quc sc ec rcnebzno n uo pfzf.

1>

 

11

Qc`crcogbns abaebflrn`äns9 @rcmmy Hudacrtf Csgfanr (1:>1) @uomndcotfs Mc En Bolcobcrän Rngbdbcotfs9 Cmbtfrbne Sobvcrsbmnm Wurgfefdabn.

Ifsc Qndfo Qfmrblucz (1::