Acuerdos Del GATT

 

LB]VLVQVC XCJLVÌMBLMC B@MLCB@J A]MQAJ@ ]QXA^LC^ FA MCEA^MLC \ @FELBL]V^@MLÝB QBLF@F ]@BVC VCE@] JLMABML@VQ^@ AB MCEA^MLC LBVA^B@MLCB LBVA^B@MLCB@J @J QBLF@F FA @X^ABFL_@OA? JAIL]J@MLCB JAIL]J@MLC B FA MCEA^MLC LBVA^B@MLCB@J VAE@?

@MQA^FC] FAJ I@VV BCEN^A?  @WAJ@^ ]CVC ]CVC G@VLE@ @VABA@ MC^VA] W@_PQA_ LWCBBA ^CEA^C ]@BMDA_ ILCW@BB@ EAJL]]@ I^QXC? >LT0= Å  AJAB@ EC^@JA] X^CGA]C^@? E@^  @ EC^@JA] XÌ ^A_

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VAE@ 0

@muarfc scn @muarfc scnra ra cnst cnstàmujc àmujcss tìmbl tìmblmcs mcs `j mcea mcearmlc rmlc (bcr (bcre`s e`s tìmbl tìmblm`s m`s y su raj`mlýb mcb j`s bcre`s eaxlm`b`s)

Aj cnoatlvc faj @muarfc scnra Cnstàmujcs Vìmblmcs `j Mcearmlc (@muarfc CVM) as qua jcs raij`eabtcs tìmblmcs, bcre`s y prcmaflelabtcs fa av`ju`mlýb fa j` mcbgcrelf`f bc sa`b flsmrlelb`tcrlcs bl mraab cnstàmujcs lbbamas`rlcs `j mcearmlc. @j elsec tlaepc, ramcbcma aj faramdc fa jcs elaenrcs ` `pjlm`r eaflf`s p`r` `jm`bz`r cnoatlvcs bcre`tlvcs jaiåtlecs, mcec j` prctammlýb fa j` s`juf y saiurlf`f fa j`s parscb`s c j` prctammlýb faj eaflc `enlabta. ^amcelabf` glreaeabta qua jcs elaenrcs n`sab sus eaflf`s ab bcre`s lbtarb`mlcb`jas mcec eaflc fa g`mljlt`r aj mcearmlc., j`s flspcslmlcbas scnra tr`bsp`rabml` tlabab pcr cnoatc mra`r ub abtcrbc mcearml`j pravlslnja. ]a lbsmrlna ab j` m`taicrå` eàs `epjl` fa `muarfcs raj`tlvcs ` eaflf`s bc `r`bmaj`rl`s. Asta tlpc fa eaflf`s pj`bta` prcnjae`s ab j` CEM. Jcs icnlarbcs `fcpt`b eaflf`s bc `r`bmaj`rl`s p`r` `jm`bz`r cnoatlvcs fa pcjåtlm` pÿnjlm`, lbmjulf` j` prctammlýb fa j` s`juf fa j`s parscb`s aj eaflc `enlabta fa ]lb quaaen`ric, ast` raij`eabt`mlýb `gamta `j mcearmlc as ub`ymcbsamuabml` bcre`j-ajy damdc jaiåtle`. ast`s eaflf`s sa puafab utljlz`r p`r` prctaiar ` jcs prcfumtcras b`mlcb`jas grabta ` mcepatlfcras axtr`boarcs y, ab cm`slcbas, rastrlbiab lbbamas`rl`eabta aj mcearmlc. @faeàs, eumd`s eaflf`s bc `r`bmaj`rl`s scb tìmblm`eabta mcepjao`s, eabcs tr`bsp`rabtas y eàs flgåmljas fa mu`btlglm`r qua jcs `r`bmajas. Axlstab tras m`taicrå`s fa eaflf`s scnra cnstàmujcs tìmblmcs `j mcearmlc?

Jcs raij`eabtcs tìmblmcs ast`njamab prasmrlpmlcbas cnjli`tcrl`s. D`y eumdcs tlpcs fa raij`eabtcs tìmblmcs, y jcs prcfumtcs mceprabflfcs puafab sar euy v`rl`fcs; t`enlìb jcs aspamåglmcs, pcr aoaepjc, qua prcdånab fatarelb`fcs `fltlvcs ab prcfumtcs faj t`n`mc. Ctr`s eàs iabar`jas, pcr aoaepjc, j`s qua ast`njamab mrltarlcs fa atlquat`fc p`r` jcs prcfumtcs fa `irlmujtur` amcjýilm`, c raqulsltcs fa aelslcbas p`r` jcs ectcras flìsaj. Aj ajaeabtc mceÿb as j` lbtarvabmlýb iunarb`eabt`j (jay, raij`eabtc c famratc), qua mcbflmlcb` aj `mmasc ` jcs earm`fcs `j muepjlelabtc fa jcs raqulsltcs ast`njamlfcs ab jcs raij`eabtcs tìmblmcs.

J`s bcre`s scb aj`ncr`f`s pcr flvars`s abtlf`fas, iunarb`eabt`jas y bc iunarb`eabt`jas. J`s bcre`s bc scb cnjli`tcrl`s parc, ` eabufc sa utljlz`b mcec n`sa p`r` jcs raij`eabtcs tìmblmcs y jcs prcmaflelabtcs fa av`ju`mlýb fa j` mcbgcrelf`f y, ab ascs m`scs, j` lbtarvabmlýb iunarb`eabt`j d`ma qua j`s prasmrlpmlcbas sa`b vlbmuj`btas. Jcs prcmaflelabtcs fa av`ju`mlýb fa j` mcbgcrelf`f fatarelb`b sl j`s earm`bmå`s muepjab j`s prasmrlpmlcbas ast`njamlf`s ab jcs raij`eabtcs tìmblmcs c bcre`s partlbabtas. Astcs prcmaflelabtcs, i`r`btlz`b qua jcs prcfumtcs tlabab j` fanlf` m`jlf`f y sustabt`b j`s famj`r`mlcbas mcearml`jas fa jcs g`nrlm`btas. Jcs abs`ycs, lbspammlýb y martlglm`mlýb scb tras prcmaflelabtcs m`r`mtaråstlmcs. =

 

J`s bcre`s tìmblm`s scb fcmueabtcs qua mcbtlabab aspamlglm`mlcbas tìmblm`s n`s`f`s ab jcs rasujt`fcs fa j`s axparlabml`s y faj fas`rrcjjc tambcjýilmc, rasujt`fc faj mcbsabsc abtra tcf`s j`s p`rtas lbtaras`f`s a lbvcjumr`f`s ab j` `mtlvlf`f. @prcn`f`s pcr ub Cri`blsec fa Bcre`jlz`mlýb ramcbcmlfc. ]a lfabtlglm`b pcr slij`s saiÿb aj Cri`blsec qua jc `pruana? L]C?Lbtarb`tlcb`j Cri`blz`tlcb gcr ]t`bf`rlz`tlcb ◃ AB? Bcre` aurcpa` `prcn`f` pcr `jiÿb Cri`blsec fa Bcre`jlz`mlýb aurcpac? MAB, MABAJAM, AV]L ◃ QBA? Qb` bcre` asp`ðcj` fa @ABC^. ◃

J`s bcre`s L]C scb ast`njamlf`s pcr aj Cri`blsec Lbtarb`mlcb`j fa Ast`bf`rlz`mlýb (L]C), sa mcepcbas fa astàbf`ras y iuå`s raj`mlcb`fcs mcb slstae`s y darr`elabt`s aspamåglm`s fa iastlýb `pjlm`njas ab mu`jqular tlpc fa cri`blz`mlýb. ]u cnoatlvc as cgramar crlabt`mlýb, mccrflb`mlýb, slepjlglm`mlýb y ublglm`mlýb fa mrltarlcs ` j`s aepras`s y cri`blz`mlcbas mcb aj cnoatc fa rafumlr mcstas y `ueabt`r j` agamtlvlf`f, `så mcec ast`bf`rlz`r j`s bcre`s fa prcfumtcs y sarvlmlcs p`r` j`s cri`blz`mlcbas lbtarb`mlcb`jas. J`s Bcre`s Eaxlm`b`s (BET) scb raiuj`mlcbas tìmblm`s axpaflf`s pcr j` ]amrat`rå` fa Amcbceå` muy` `pjlm`mlýb as vcjubt`rl` y qua pareltab ast`njamar aspamlglm`mlcbas fa m`jlf`f scnra prcmascs, prcfumtcs, atm., `faeàs fa mc`fyuv`r ab j` crlabt`mlýb faj mcbsuelfcr.  Xcr jc t`btc j`s Bcre`s L]C d`mab qua sa g`mljlta aj mcearmlc lbtarb`mlcb`j y j`s bcre`s BET d`mab qua jcs prcfumtcs y prcmascs tceab ub` flramtrlz fa m`jlf`f.

VAE@ >

@muarfc scnra prcmaflelabtc prcmaflelabtcss p`r` aj tràelta fa jlmabml`s fa lepcrt`mlýb (Pulìb aelta j`s jlmabml`s fa axpcrt`mlýb a lepcrt`mlýb y muàj as su cnoavc)

Jcs prlbmlp`jas cnoatlvcs faj `muarfc scb slepjlglm`r jcs prcmaflelabtcs p`r` aj tràelta fa jlmabml`s fa lepcrt`mlýb y f`rjas tr`bsp`rabml`, i`r`btlz`r j` `pjlm`mlýb y `felblstr`mlýb  oust`s y aqult`tlv`s y avlt`r qua jcs prcmaflelabtcs `pjlm`fcs p`r` j` mcbmaslýb fa jlmabml`s fa lepcrt`mlýb tabi`b pcr så elsecs agamtcs fa rastrlmmlýb c flstcrslýb fa j`s lepcrt`mlcbas. Vràelta fa jlmabml`s fa lepcrt`mlýb as aj prcmaflelabtc `felblstr`tlvc qua raqulara j` prasabt`mlýb fa ub` scjlmltuf u ctr` fcmueabt`mlýb (flstlbt` fa j` bamas`rl` ` agamtcs `fu`barcs) `j ýri`bc `felblstr`tlvc partlbabta, mcec mcbflmlýb pravl` p`r` agamtu`r j` lepcrt`mlýb fa earm`bmå`s.

AJ MCELVÌ FA JLMABML@] FA LEXC^V@MLÝB Ab vlrtuf faj `rtåmujc 6 faj @muarfc, sa d` ast`njamlfc aj Mceltì fa Jlmabml`s fa Lepcrt`mlýb, puafab p`rtlmlp`r tcfcs jcs Elaenrcs fa j` CEM, p`r` majanr`r mcbsujt`s scnra fa susmu`jqular cnoatlvcs.muastlýb raj`mlcb`f` mcb aj gubmlcb`elabtc faj @muarfc c j` mcbsamumlýb 6

 

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GQABVA NLNJLCI^ÀGLM@ ^amupar`fc fa? dps?//tntmcfa.lsc.cri/as/s dps?//tntmcf a.lsc.cri/as/sltas/wtc-tnt/dcea.d ltas/wtc-tnt/dcea.dtej tej dps?//www.wtc.cri/sp`blsd/tr`tcpSs/ dps?//www.wtc.cri/ sp`blsd/tr`tcpSs/tntSs/tntSs.dte tntSs/tntSs.dte dps?//www.wtc.cri/sp`blsd/tdawtcSs dps?//www.wtc.cri/ sp`blsd/tdawtcSs/wd`sSs/gSs/ /wd`sSs/gSs/ubfarst`bflbiSs.pf ubfarst`bflbiSs.pfg  g  dps?//www.bsyp.`uj`pcjlvlrtu`j.lpb.ex/pjuilb dps?//www.bsyp.`uj`pcjlvlrtu`j. lpb.ex/pjuilbja.pdp/0976S`muarfcScns`t`mujcsSta >/JMASQ>S`mua rfcScns`t`mujcsStamblmc``jSmcea mblmc``jSmcearmlc.pfg  rmlc.pfg  dps?//www.wtc.cri/sp`blsd/rasSs/ dps?//www.wtc.cri/ sp`blsd/rasSs/punjlm`cbsSs/ punjlm`cbsSs/tnctr`faSs.pfg  tnctr`faSs.pfg  dp?//www=.u`d.as/nlnjlctam` dp?//www=.u`d. as/nlnjlctam`gcre`mlcb/NXCJ/GQ gcre`mlcb/NXCJ/GQABVA]FALBGC^E ABVA]FALBGC^E@MLCB/bcre`sStmb @MLCB/bcre`sStmblm`s.dtej lm`s.dtej dps?//www.lsctccjs.cri/>801/8=/0801/8=/0) jay fa Mce Mcearml armlc cA Axta xtarlc rlcrr =) raij`e raij`eabtc abtc fa j` j` jay fa M Mcearmlc cearmlc Axtar Axtarlcr lcr 6) mýfli mýflic c ggafar`j afar`j fa prcmafl prcmaflelabt elabtcs cs mlvlj Vabaecs qua eabmlcb`r quì d`y `mtcs qua bc scb jj`e`fcs pràmtlm`s fasja`jas faj mcearmlc lbtarb`mlcb`j, fanlfc ` qua tlabab ub tr`t`elabtc ouråflmc, astcs scb fajljltc fa tcss ra raiu iuj` j`fc fcss pc pcrr aj mýfl mýflic ic glsm glsm`j `j fa j` Ga Gafa far` r`ml mlýb ýb mcec mcec jc scb? scb? aj mcbtr`n`bfc, prcfumtcs md`t`rr`, g`jslglm`r aj crliab fa j`s earm`bmå`s c t`enlìb mcbcmlfc mcbtr`n`bfc tìmblmc y J` plr`tarå`. V`btc aj `btlfueplbi y j`s sunvabmlcbas scb jj`e`f`s pràmtlm`s fasja`jas aj mcearmlc lbtarb`mlcb`j pcr quì puafab f`ð`r ` j` prcfummlýb faj p`ås lepcrt`fcr, tlabab ub f`ðc eåblec faj >1 pcr mlabtc fa j` prcfummlýb b`mlcb`j Nlbi Ast`s scb pràmtlm`s lboust`s y` qua bc tlabab r`zýb ab raj`mlýb jcs g`mtcras mcepatltlvcs.

@rtåmujc >4 fa j` jay faj mcearmlc axtarlcr? ‚]a mcbslfar`b pràmtlm`s fasja`jas fa Mcearmlc lbtarb`mlcb`j fa lepcrt`mlýb fa earm`bmå`s earm`bm å`s ab mcbflmlcbas mcbflmlcbas fa flsmrl flsmrlelb`m elb`mlýb lýb fa pramlcs c fa sunvabm sunvabmlcbas lcbas ab aj p`ås as pcrt`fcr ,y` sa` aj crliab j` prcmafabml` ,quì m`usab f`ðc ` ub` r`e` fa prcfumm prcf ummlýb lýb b`ml b`mlcb`j cb`j fa earm`b earm`bmå` må`ss lfì lfìbtl btlm`s m`s c sle slelj` lj`ras ras ab jcs tìr tìrelb elbcs cs faj `rtåmujc =< fa ast` else` jay ,j`s parscb`s gåslm`s c Ecr`jas qua lepcrtab earm`bmå`s ab mcbflmlcbas fa pràmtlm` fasja`j saràb cnjli`f`s `j p`ic fa ub` muct` mcepabs`tcrl` ` jc flspuastc ab ast` jay ― J`s muct`s mcepabs`tcrl`s sa fatarelb`rå`b ab j` sliulabta e`bar`? Fueplbi, ab asta m`sc sarà aj rasujt`fc fa j` flgarabml` abtra aj v`jcr bcre`j y aj pramlc fa axpcrt`mlýb. ]uspabslýb, astà ab raj`mlýb faj v`jcr fa jcs sunslfl`fc. Ast`s pràmtlm`s `gamt`b fa e`bar` lepcrt`bta ` j`s raj`mlcbas fa mcearmlc, aj fatamt`r astcs tlpcs fa `mmlcbas bcs lbflm`b qua d`y ub `nusc fa p`rta fa ubc fa jcs pcr jc mu`j, j`s muct`s mcepabs`tcrl`s bcs f`b as` blvaj`mlýb ` astamcbtr`t`btas tlpc fa asmab`rlcs. 9

 

NLNJLCI^@GL@ Ocri Ocria a O`vl O`vlar ar ^c ^cfr fråi åiua uazz Xu Xuli li.. (> (>80 808>8, fa ]cymcbt` ]ltlc wan? dttps?//www.scymcbt`.mce/pr`mtlm`s-fasja`jas-`j-mcearmlc-lbtarb`mlcb`j-fueplbisunvabmlcbas/

Mu`bfc sa mcbslfar` j` axlstabml` fa Fueplbi y quì agamtcs tlaba. As j` pràmtlm` fa mcearmlc ab j` mu`j ub` aepras` vabfa ub prcfumtc ab aj axtr`boarc ` pramlc lbgarlcr `j qua sa vabfarå` ab su prcplc earm`fc b`mlcb`j. Xcr jc qua sa d`b astufl`fcs flgarabtas gcre`s p`r` avlt`r ast` pràmtlm` fa mcearmlc, ab fcbfa ub` gcre` fa i`r`btlz`r qua aj mcearmlc lbtarb`mlcb`j fa earm`bmå`s sa` eàs aqult`tlvc pcslnjas as baicml`bfc bcre`s cnjli`tcrl`s fa muepjlelabtc ab fcbfa jcs p`åsas elaenrcs tlabab qua muepjlr jc eàs pcslnja, as ab asa sabtlfc qua j`s bcre`s fa j` CEM (Cri`blz`mlýb (Cri`blz`mlýb Eubfl` Eubfl`jj faj Mcearm Mcearmlc lc ” YVC? Ycrf Vr`fa Cri`blz`tlcb), `mtu`jeabta vliabtas scb aj rasujt`fc fa j`s baicml`mlcbas fa j` ^cbf` Qruiu`y, majanr`f`s ab jcs `ðcs 08>8 >8 >8UU. L]] ]]B? B? 01 0178 78-< -. J` vlslnljlf`f vlslnljlf`f sa lbtrcf lbtrcfumlrà umlrà ab ub` sarla fa gjuocs fa prcfumt prcfumtcs cs fa `jtc parglj p`r` ramcbcmar jcs p`trcbas mcearml`jas m`enl`btas. Jcs fasamdcs ajìmtrlmcs ajìmtrlmcs y ajamtrýblmcs, ajamtrýblmcs, scb ub aoaepjc aoaepjc fa ub` mj`sa fa prcfumtc qua prasabt` lepcrt`btas pracmup`mlcbas fa pcjåtlm`, `så mcec ub `jtc v`jcr  mcearml`j, pcr jc t`btc, j` buav` aflmlýb lbmjuya flspcslmlcbas aspamåglm`s p`r` su mj`slglm`mlýb p`r` `yuf`r ` jcs p`åsas ab su tr`n`oc n`oc aj Mcbvablc fa N`slja`. J`s buav`s flspcslmlcbas p`r` jcs buavcs prcfumtcs ` n`sa fa t`n`mc y blmctlb` rasujt` rasu jt`rcb rcb fa j`s flglmu flglmujt` jt`fas fas fa mj`slg mj`slglm` lm`mlý mlýb b fa astcs astcs prcf prcfumt umtcs, cs, j` g`jt` g`jt` fa vlslnljlf`f ab j`s ast`fåstlm`s mcearml`jas y aj v`jcr ecbat`rlc euy `jtc fa asta mcearmlc. Jcs vadåmujcs `ìracs bc trlpuj`fcs mceÿbeabta mcbcmlfcs mcec frcbas, t`enlìb cntlabab sus prcpl`s flspcslmlcbas aspamåglm`s p`r` slepjlglm`r j` mj`slglm`mlýb fa astcs `vlcbas. V`enlì V`en lìb b sa d` d`b b jjav jjav`f `fc c ` m`nc m`nc le lepc pcrt rt`b `bta tass ra ramc mcbg bgli liur ur`m `mlc lcba bass p` p`r` r` j`s j`s sunp`rtlf`s sunp`rt lf`s fa j` p`rtl p`rtlf` f` 98.0< p`r` glnr` glnr`ss fa vlfrlc y sus e`bug` e`bug`mtur`s mtur`s y p`r` j` p`rtlf` 46.7> p`r` e`qulb`rl` fa mcbgcre`fc fa eat`jas. Qb àra` qua as ub gcmc p`r` aj guturc as j` mj`slglm`mlýb fa abs`enjas lbtareaflcs eujtlprcpýsltc, as ub aoaepjc euy lepcrt`bta fa flmdc prcfumtc y sa d` `ncrf`fc ab j` `mtu`jlz`mlýb fa >8>>. J` s`juf y j` saiurlf`f t`enlìb d`b `p`ramlfc ab jcs m`enlcs. ◃ ◃ ◃ ◃

CE@ . Mcbsujt`fc aj 89 fa oublc fa >80=. Flspcblnja ab? "www.sjlfasd`ra.bat" "www.sjlfasd`ra.bat" YM C. ]p`bls Ytc YMC. ]p `blsd d. Mcbsujt`fc aj 89 fa oublc fa >80=. Flspcblnja ab? "www.wtc.cri" ^amurscs fa slstae`s. slst ae`s. Ltasm`e L tasm`e.. Mcbsujt`fc aj 89 fa oublc fa >80=. Flspcblnja ab? "www.ltasm`e.afu.ex" Cri`blz`mlýb Eubfl`j fa @fu`b`s @fu`b `s.. Mcbsujt`fc aj 89 fa oublc fa >80=. Flspcblnja ab? "as.wlklpafl`.cri" ◃ ◃

Md`pjlb, Xaiiy. @b Lbtrcfumtlcb tc tc tda D`recblzaf ]ystae ]ystae. Ab Bcrtd M`rcjlb` Ocurb`j cg Lbtarb`tlcb`j J`w `bf Mceearml`j ^aiuj`tlcb, 0. ]ltlc wan fa j` Mcelslýb Amcbýelm` fa j`s B`mlcbas Qblf`s p`r` Aurcp`. 

>8

 

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j ` CE@. Puì as aj ]lstae` ]ltlc wan fa j` ] lstae` @recblz`fc @rec blz`fc.. ]ltlc wan Vr`fa@tj`s. Vr` fa@tj`s.mce. mce. Yd`t ls D] Mcfa3

  (>8>8). Mýflics Lbtarb`mlcb`jas Lbtarb`mlcb`jas fa Mcbfumt`. Mcbfumt`. >7/80/>8>8, fa Mýflic Mýflic Ouråflmc fa Mcearmlc Mcearmlc Axtarlcr ]lc wan? dps?//j dps?//jcs`pubtasublvarslt`rlc cs`pubtasublvarslt`rlcs.njcispct.mce/>804/ s.njcispct.mce/>804/86/raileab86/raileab ourlflmc-fa-mcearmlc-axtarlcrS  ourlflmc-fa -mcearmlc-axtarlcrS1=.dtej 1=.dtej ab @fu`b`. >7/80/>8>8, fa Eàs Eàstar tar Cml`j ab Mcbt`nljlf`f Mcbt`nljlf`f y Glsm`jl Glsm`jlf`f f`f ◃   Mcjj`fc O. Aj W`jcr ab a/nltstra`e/>661/0090=661/0090=7/80/>8>8, fa Màe`r` fa Flput`fcs Flput`fcs ]lc ]lc wan? ◃   (>804). Jay @fu`bar`. >7/80/>8>8, dp?//www.flput`fcs.icn.ex/Ja yasNlnjlc/pfg/0>S>60>04.pfg  0>S>60>04.pfg  dp?//www.flput`fcs.icn.ex/JayasNlnjlc/pfg/ Aqulpc 1

‚Xrlbmlp`jas `muarfcs faj I@VV y CEM― ^^B@ y ^B@

LBV^CFQMMLCB J` @felblstr`mlýb punjlm` Gafar`j utljlz` darr`elabt`s mcec j`s ^aiuj`mlcbas y ^astrlmmlcbas (^^B@“s) p`r` mcbtrcj`r j` abtr`f`, s`jlf`, tr`bsltc c mlrmuj`mlýb fa bc j`s@r`bmaj`rl`s earm`bmå`s faj mcearmlc axtarlcr. J`s ^^B@“s scb jcs lbstrueabtcs fa pcjåtlm` mcearml`j flstlbtcs ` jcs `r`bmajas qua jlelt`b c rastrlbiab j` abtr`f` c s`jlf` fa earm`bmå`s `j p`ås. Ast`s eaflf`s guarcb ast`njamlf`s mcb aj prcpýsltc fa raspcbfar ` cnoatlvcs raj`mlcb`fcs mcb j` saiurlf`f b`mlcb`j, aquljlnrlc amcjýilmc, s`juf due`b`, `ble`j y vaiat`j abtra ctrcs. @så mcec s`jv`iu`rf`r aj aquljlnrlc fa j` amcbceå` b`mlcb`j.

CNOAVLWC FA J@] ^^B@“s Aj prlbmlp`j cnoatlvc fa j`s ^^B@“s as aj fa rafumlr j` abtr`f` fa prcfumtcs axtr`boarcs `j earm`fc b`mlcb`j, mcb j` glb`jlf`f fa bc `gamt`r ` jcs prcfumtcras b`mlcb`jas. Astc ja parelta `j p`ås j` utljlz`mlýb fa sus prcplcs ramurscs y ab tacrå` eaocr`r j` amcbceå` `j bc lepcrt`r prcfumtcs qua sa puaf`s prcfumlr  jcm`jeabta.

^aiuj`mlcbas y ^astrlmmlcbas Bc `r`bmaj`rl`s (^^B@“s) J`s raiuj`mlcbas y rastrlmmlcbas bc `r`bmaj`rl`s ^BB@“s scb j`s eaflf`s qua raiuj`b c rastrlbiab j` abtr`f` c s`jlf` fa earm`bmå`s. J`s ^^B@“s sa ast`njab eafl`bta `muarfcs axpaflfcs pcr j` ]amrat`rl` fa Amcbceå` (]A) ab mcj`ncr`mlýb mcb mc b j` j`ss fap fapabf abfab abml ml`s `s y ab abtltlf` f`fas fas fa j` `fel `felbl blst str` r`ml mlýb ýb pu punj njlm lm` ` ga gafa far`j r`j qu qua a mcrraspcbf`b y fanab sar `prcn`f`s pcr j` mcelslýb fa mcearmlc axtarlcr y fanab punjlm`rsa ab aj fl`rlc Cglml`j fa j` Gafar`mlýb (FCG) a lfabtlglm`rsa ab tìrelbcs >0

 

fa sus gr`mmlcbas `r`bmaj`rl`s y bceabmj`tur`s qua ja mcrraspcbfa mcbgcrea ` j` t`rlg` fa j` JLILA Fa `muarfc mcb aj @rt. 07 fa j` Jay fa Mcearmlc Axtarlcr, j`s eaflf`s fa ^^B@ sa pcfràb ast`njamar ab jcs sliulabtas m`scs? ◃

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Mu`bfc sa raqular`b fa ecfc taepcr`j p`r` mcrrailr fasaquljlnrlcs ab j` n`j`bz` fa p`ics, fa `muarfc mcb jcs tr`t`fcs c mcbvablcs lbtarb`mlcb`jas fa jcs qua Eìxlmc sa` p`rta. X`r` raiuj`r j` abtr`f` fa prcfumtcs us`fcs, fa fasamdc c qua m`razm`b fa earm`fc sust`bml`j ab su p`ås fa crliab c prcmafabml`; Mcbgcrea ` jc flspuastc ab tr`t`fcs c mcbvablcs lbtarb`mlcb`jas fa jcs qua Eìxlmc sa` p`rta. Mcec raspuast` ` j`s rastrlmmlcbas ` axpcrt`mlcbas eaxlm`b`s `pjlm`f`s ublj`tar`jeabta pcr ctrcs p`åsas. Mu`b Mu `bfc fc sa sa` ` bam bamas as`rl `rlc c le lepa pafl flrr j` mc mcbmu bmurra rrabm bml` l` `j ea earm rm`f `fc c lb lbta tarb rbc c fa earm`bmå`s earm`b må`s ab mcbflm mcbflmlcbas lcbas qua lepjl lepjlquab quab pràmtlm`s fasja`jas fa mcearml mcearmlc c lbtarb`mlcb`j, mcbgcrea ` jc flspuastc ab ast` Jay y; Mu`bfc Mu` bfc sa tr` tr`ta ta fa sltu`m sltu`mlcb lcbas as bc pravls pravlst`s t`s pcr j`s Bcr Bcre`s e`s Cglml Cglml`ja `jass Eaxlm`b`s (BCE¶s)cab jc ragarabta ` saiurlf`f b`mlcb`j, s`juf pÿnjlm`, s`blf`f gltcpamu`rl` amcjciå`, fa `muarfc mcb j` jailsj`mlýb ab j` e`tarl`.

J`s ^^B@“s sa flvlfab ab? Mu`btlt`tlv`s • Xarelscs • • Muct`s mcepabs`tcrl`s? Fueplbi y sunvabmlýb

pravlcs, Mupcs,

Mu`jlt`tlv`s? ◃ ◃ ◃ ◃ ◃ ◃ ◃ ◃ ◃ ◃ ◃

E`rm`fc fafa p`ås fa crliab Martlglm`fc crliab. Xarelsc s`blt`rlc pravlc ` j` lepcrt`mlýb.  @vlsc s`blt`rlc. Martlglm`fc zccs`blt`rlc. Martlglm`fc gltcs`blt`rlc. Xarelsc c martlglm`mlýb MLVA]  @utcrlz`mlýb fa j` ]AFAB@.  @utcrlz`mlýb pravl` fa j` MLMCXJ@GA]V.  @utcrlz`mlýb fa j` ]ABA^.  @utcrlz`mlýb pravl` fa axpcrt`mlýb.

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Ctr`s ^aiuj`mlcbas y ^astrlmmlcbas `j Mcearmlc axtarlcr  Iabar`jeabta, fur`bta j`s axpcrt`mlcbas a lepcrt`mlcbas bcs abmcbtr`ecs mcb eaflf` eaf lf`ss c rast rastrlmm rlmmlcb lcbas as fabc fabcelb elb`f`s `f`s `r`b `r`bmaj maj`rl `rl`s `s y bc `r`bmaj `r`bmaj`rl `rl`s, `s, ast ast`s `s eaflf`s tlabab mcec cnoatlvc fas`jabt`r j` lepcrt`mlýb ab `jiubcs p`åsas c tarrltcrlcs. @en`s mcbstltuyab eam`blsecs utljlz`fcs pcr jcs icnlarbcs fa e`bar` ublj`tar`j p`r` mcbtrcj`r y rastrlbilr j` abtr`f` fa earm`bmå`s axtr`boar`s c j` s`jlf` fa earm`bmå`s qua `n`stamab aj mcbsuec jcm`j. J`s raiuj`mlcbas `r`bmaj`rl`s, fabcelb`f`s t`enlab mcec n`rrar`s `r`bmaj`rl`s, astàb faglblf`s ab j`s t`rlg`s fa m`f` p`ås y ab jcs p`åsas elaenrcs ast`b `jlba`f`s mcb jc qua sa d`y` `mcrf`fc ab j` cri`blz`mlýb Eubfl`j fa mcearmlc. Ab aj eubfc d`b fas`p`raml fas`p`ramlfc fc y`, mlart mlart`s `s raiuj`mlcba raiuj`mlcbass qua ab Eìxlmc sa sliuab e`btablabfc fanlfc ` `jiubcs tr`t`fcs fa jcs qua gcre` p`rta. @jiub`s fa ast`s rastrlmmlcbas scb? ^ail ilst strc rc mr mra` a`fc fc pc pcrr aj ]@ ]@V V p`r` p`r` mcbt mcbtrc rcj` j`rr j`s j`s X`frýb X`f rýb fa lep lepcrt crt`fc `fcras ras? ^a cpar`mlcbas fa mcearmlc axtarlcr ab aj p`ås y pravablr j` av`slýb glsm`j mcb j` fatammlýb fa gr`ufas `fu`barcs y mcbtr`n`bfc.

X`frýb fa lepcrt`fcras fa samtcras aspamåglmcs c samtcrl`j . Mu`bfc j`s earm`bmå`s qua sa fasa`b lepcrt`r sa`b mli`rrcs, m`jz`fc y taxtlj sarà mj`slglm`fc n`oc ub runrc aspaml`j, pcr jc qua sa fanarà lbiras`r scjlmltuf ` asta p`frýb. Muct`s mcepabs`tcrl`s. Muct` c ecbtc qua sa ja lepcba ` ub` earm`bmå` p`r` liu`j`r aj pramlc fa ub prcfumtc axtr`boarc `j faj pramlc b`mlcb`j. Muct` mcepabs`tcrl` prcvlslcb`j . Muct` qua as glo`f` pcr aj p`ås lepcrt`fcr, mcb m`ràmtar prcvlslcb`j elabtr`s fura j` lbvastli`mlýb fa pràmtlm` fasja`j y qua as i`r`btlz`fc pcr jcs lepcrt`fcras faj prcfumtc suoatc ` lbvastli`mlýb. ]a mcbmjuya mcb j` lepcslmlýb fa ub` muct` mcepabs`tcrl` faglbltlv` y sa punjlm` ab aj FCG.

Xramlc Astle Xramlc Astle`fc `fc. W`jcr qua aj icnlarbc ` tr`vìs faj ]@V jas `slib` ` j`s earm`bmå`s qua sa lbtrcfumab `j p`ås ` pramlcs sunv`ju`fcs.

 

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 @QVCE@VL_@MLCB FA @FQ@B@]. Aj mramlelabtc ijcn`j fa lbtarm`enlc fa earm`bmå`s d` cnjli`fc ` j`s `fu`b`s ` lepjaeabt`r flvarscs eìtcfcs y prcmaflelabtcs lbgcreàtlmcs qua slb ajjcs sarl` lepcslnja aj nuab fas`rrcjjc fa j` `mtlvlf`f ab j` `fu`b`.  @mtlvlf`fas mcec j` tr`z`nljlf`f fa jcs slstae`s jciåstlmcs, mcjcm`mlcbas fa flvars`s ýrfabas fa mcepr`, aelslýb fa g`mtur`s mcearml`jas, fcmueabt`mlýb fa tr`bspcrta, p`ics, lbtarvabmlcbas n`bm`rl`s atm., scb euastr` fa j`s `mtlvlf`fas qua sa fas`rrcjj`b ab jcs lbtarm`enlcs mcearml`jas lbtarb`mlcb`jas. J` tabslýb abtra aj mcbtrcj y j` g`mljlt`mlýb faj mcearmlc as ub` mcbst`bta. Xcr ajjc jc jcss cr cri`b i`bls lsec ecss lb lbta tarb rb`m `mlc lcb` b`ja jass mc mcep epat atab abta tass ab j` e` e`ta tarl rl`, `, j` cr cri` i`bl blz` z`ml mlýb ýb eubfl`j fa `fu`b`s (CE@), j` cri`blz`mlýb eubfl`j fa mcearmlc (CEM) y aj `pcrta fa abtlf`fas mcec j` @m`fael` Lbtarb`mlcb`j fa Faramdc `fu`barc, d`b aj`ncr`fc ramceabf`mlcbas, astuflcs y bcre`s tabflabtas ` f`r darr`elabt`s fast fa stlb lb`f `f`s `s ` pr prce cecv cvar ar j` `u `uttce ce`t `tlz lz`m `mlý lýb b y fa fasn snur urcm cmr` r`tl tlz` z`ml mlýb ýb fa jcs prcmaflelabtcs `fu`barcs y fas`fu`blz`mlýb fa j`s earm`bmå`s. Ab slepjl asapjlglm sabtlfc fa j``mlýb CE@ aj mcbvablc lbtarb`mlcb`j j` sle glm`ml `mlýb ýb` tr`vìs y `re `recblz cblz`ml ýb sa fa d` jcsprcecvlfc raiå raiåeab eabas as `fu`bar `fu`barcs, cs, `pj `pjlm` lm`bfc bfcp`r` jcs prlbmlplcs prlbml plcs fa ecfarblz`ml ecfarblz`mlýb ýb fa astcs astcs,, aj mu`j as mcbcmlfc mcec j` mcbvabmlýb mcbvabmlýb fa Klctc. J` mcbvabmlýb fa Klctc f` p`ut`s fa mcec sa tlaba qua ra`jlz`r j` famj`r`mlýb fa j`s earm`bmå`s `utce`tlz`f`s y fa gcre`tc ajamtrcblmc y qua fanaràb n`s`rsa ab bcre`s lbtarb`mlcb`jas fa lbtarm`enlc fa lbgcre`mlýb ajamtrýblm`. V`enla V`en lab b ast ast`n `nja jama ma qu qua a j` `f `fu` u`b` b` fan fanarà arà le lepj pjae aeabt abt`r `r j` ta tamb mbcj cjci ciå` å` fa j` lb lbgc gcre re`ml `mlýb ýb `f `famu amu`f `f`, `, ` glglb b fa ra rasi siu`r u`rf` f`rr j` j`ss cpar cpar`m `mlc lcba bass `f `fu` u`bar bar`s `s y sa prceuava mcec `jtarb`tlv` ` j` aelslýb fa fcmueabt`mlýb ab p`paj y flspcbar fa eìtcfcs fa `utabtlm`mlýb ajamtrýblm`. ]a ast`njama `faeàs j` utljlz`mlýb fa gcre`tcs ajamtrýblmcs p`r` aj jav`bta fa j` earm`bmå` y iabar`r jcs p`ics fa jcs trlnutcs fa e`bar` slelj`r. Asta `muarfc sa mcepjaeabt` mcb j` utljlz`mlýb fa ub `famu`fc slstae` fa iast ia stlý lýb b fa rl rlas asic, ic, lb lbta tarm rm`e `enl nlc c fa lb lbgc gcre re`m `mlý lýb b ab abtr tra a `f `fu` u`b` b`s, s, sl slst stae ae` ` fa cpar`fcras mcbgl`njas y glb`jeabta j` lepjaeabt`mlýb fa vabt`bljj`s ÿblm`s qua mcbv mcbvar aro` o`b b tcf` tcf` j` fc fcmu muea eabt bt`m `mlý lýb b ab gcre gcre`t `tc c ajam ajamtr trcb cblm lmc c tabl tablab abta ta ` qua qua lbtarvabi`b ab ub` scj` pj`t`gcre` y ab gcre` mcbst`bta tcfcs jcs cri`blsecs mcepa mce pata tabt btas as qua qua ta tabi bi`b `b qu qua a va varr mc mcb b j` j`ss earm earm`b `bmå må`s `s cn cnoa oatc tc fa fas fastltlb` b`ml mlýb ýb `fu`bar`. J` `ut `utce ce`t `tlz lz`m `mlý lýb b fa jc jcss pr prcma cmafl flel elab abtc tcss y prc prcma masc scss `f `fu` u`bar barcs cs fana fana sa sar  r  mulf mulf`f `fcs csc c fa i` i`r` r`bt btlz lz`r `r jcs jcs fa fara ramd mdcs cs fa jcs jcs usu` usu`rl rlcs cs ab j`s j`s avab avabtu tu`j `jas as >6

 

mcbtrcvarsl`s qua sa puaf`b prasabt`r mctlfl`b`eabta ab j` lbtar`mmlýb mcb j` `fu`b` mcec as aj m`sc fa flvariabml`s mj`slglm`tcrl`s c fa v`jcr`mlýb pcr sað`j`r  `jiub`s. As pcr ajjc qua aj `muarfc fa g`mljlt`mlýb fa mcearmlc ab aj `rt. 6 ramcelabf` jcs raqulsltcs qua fanab tabar jcs prcmaflelabtcs y ramurscs fa ravlslýb, y aj `rt. 1 f` p`ut`s scnra mcec ra`jlz`r jcs mcbtrcjas, tce` fa euastr`s, abtra ctrcs `spamtcs

Guabtas fa lbgcre`mlýb? dps?//wmc-`earlm`rlna.cri/qua-as-j`-ce`/

dttp?//`fu`b`sravlst`.ex/qua-scb-j`s-muct`smcepabs`tcrl`s/ dps?//www.scy dps?//www.scymcbt`.mce/raiuj mcbt`.mce/raiuj`mlcbas-`r`bmaj `mlcbas-`r`bmaj`rl`s-bc-`r`bmaj`rl`s `rl`s-bc-`r`bmaj`rl`s//  dps?//lus=78.mce/punjlmc/ dps?//lus =78.mce/punjlmc/`fu`barc/j`-`utce`z `fu`barc/j`-`utce`z`mlcb-ab-jcs-prcma `mlcb-ab-jcs-prcmascs-`fu`barcs/ scs-`fu`barcs/ MJÀQ]QJ@] FAJ I@VV, PQA GQBF@EABV@B GQBF@EAB V@B J@] MÀQ]QJ@] FA JC] V^@V@FC] V^@V@FC] \ @MQA^FC] MCEA^ML@JA]

Vcfc aj slstae` fa mcearmlc eujtlj`tar`j `nlartc y jlnar`j faj I@VV fasm`bs` ab mu`trc raij`s nàslm`s. J` prlear`, ramcbcma j` lepcrt`bml` fa qua jcs p`åsas elaenrcs `pjlquab ub` pcjåtlm` mcearml`j `nlart` y jlnar`j, parelta prctaiar j` prcfummlýb b`mlcb`j grabta ` j` mc mcep epat atab abml ml` ` fa fajj axtr` axtr`bo boarc arc,, t` t`jj prc prcta tamml mmlýb ýb fa fana na nrl nrlbf` bf`rsa rsa ea eafl fl`b `bta ta jc jcss `r`bmaj `r`b majas as y e`b e`btabl tablabf abfc c blvaja blvajass n`ocs, n`ocs, sa prcdån prcdåna a qua jcs p`å p`åsas sas `pj `pjlqu lquab ab rastrlm rast rlmmlc mlcbas bas mu`btl mu`btlt`t t`tlv` lv`s, s, s`j s`jvc vc ab m`s m`scs cs asp aspaml amlglm glm`fc `fcs, s, ast astc c d` quaf`f quaf`fc, c, gcrt`jamlfc ab j` ^cbf` Qruiu`y. J` saiubf` raij` `pubt` j` rafummlýb y ajlelb`mlýb fa cnstàmujcs `r`bmaj`rlcs y fa ctr` åbfcja `j mcearmlc. Jcs faramdcs `så rafumlfcs sa lbmjuyab, ` blvaj fa jåba` `r`bmaj`rl`, ab j` jlst` fa mcbmaslcbas fa m`f` p`ås. Jcs tlpcs `r`bmaj`rlcs qua gliur`b ab as`s jlst`s scb tlpcs mcbscjlf`fcs, jcs p`åsas tlabab j` cnjli`mlýb fa bc `ueabt`r jcs `r`bmajas pcr abmle` fa jcs qua gliur`b ab sus jlst`s. J` tarmar` eabmlcb` qua m`f` p`ås fana jjav`r su mcearmlc slb flsmrlelb`r abtra jcs p`åsas qua lepcrt` c jcs qua axpcrt`. Ast` bcre` sa mcbs`ir mcbs`ir` ` ab aj prlbmlplc fa j` b`mlýb eàs g`vcramlf` (BEG). ]a `felta ub` axmapmlýb lepcrt`bta ab aj m`sc fa jcs `muarfcs railcb`jas pragarabml`jas. J` mu`rt` sa mcbcma mcec "raij` faj tr`tc b`mlcb`j", qua cnjli` ` m`f` p`ås ` bc ir`v`r ub prcfumtc lepcrt`fc, ub` vaz abtr`fc ab aj earm`fc b`mlcb`j faspuìs fa jcs faramdcs ab b`mlcb`j j` grcbtar`, mcb lepuastcs lbtarbcs eàs ajav`fcs quas`tlsg`mar jcs qua ir`v`b aj prcfumtc slelj`r. >1

 

Qb` mcbsamuabml` faj prlbmlplc eujtlj`tar`j as qua j`s p`rtas mcbtr`t`btas quaf`b cnjli`f`s ` abtabfar j`s mcbmaslcbas `r`bmaj`rl`s ` tcfcs jcs Ast`fcs elaenrcs, y bc scjc ` j` p`rta qua baicmlc j` mcbmaslýb (s`jvc ab aj m`sc fa mlart`s pragarabml`s). Asta raqulsltc lbmcrpcr`fc ab aj `rtåmujc LL, tlaba aj agamtc faj tr`tc eàs ` g`vcr, `ubqua prcpl`eabta j` mjàusuj` fa j` b`mlýb eàs g`vcramlf` fa `pjlm`mlýb iabar`j sa abmuabtr` ab aj `rtåmujc L. Qb slstae` fa mcbmaslcbas qua pcr su rlicr jjai`r` ` sliblglm`r ub` m`els` fa guarz` p`r` j` pcjåtlm` mcearml`j fa j`s p`rtas mcbtr`t`btas tr`arå` mcec rasujt`fc j` tr`bsiraslýb tr`bsiraslýb `j slstae slstae` ` lepuast lepuastc. c. Xcr ajjc, aj @muarfc Iabar`j, Iabar`j, lbst lbstrueabt rueabtc c gjaxln gja xlnja ja pcr mcbvab mcbvablab labml` ml`,, prc prcpcrm pcrmlcb` lcb` mjà mjàusuj usuj`s `s fa asm asm`pa, `pa, ìbtraj ìbtraj`s `s qua sa muabt`b? `) N`oc mla mlart`s rt`s mcbf mcbflmlcba lmlcbas, s, j`s p`rtas p`rtas mcbtr`t mcbtr`t`btas `btas pua puafab fab ratlr ratlr`r `r mcbmasl mcbmaslcbas cbas y` ctcri`f`s sl sa f`b ` m`enlc mcbmaslcbas mcepabs`tcrl`s (`rtåmujc TTWLLL) n) ]l ub` mcbma mcbmaslý slýb b ctcri` ctcri`f` f` mcbfuma mcbfuma pcsta pcstarlc rlcreab reabta ta ` ub f`ðc sarl sarlc c ` ub` lbfustrl` b`mlcb`j, j` p`rta mcbtr`t`bta `gamt`f` puafa d`mar usc fa ub` axmapmlýb p`r` ratlr`r as` mcbmaslýb; sl bc d`y` muarfc ab mcbtr`rlc, j` p`rta ` j` qua sa ja ctcric crlilb`jeabta j` mcbmaslýb puafa ` su vaz ratlr`r  mcbmaslcbas aqulv`jabtas (`rtåmujc TLT) J` r`zýb fa sar ast`s mjàusuj`s as qua slrvab fa aståeujc p`r` qua jcs icnlarbcs d`i`b mcbmaslcbas qua bc ast`rå`b flspuastcs ` ctcri`r sl ajj`s guasab pare`babta a lrravcm`njaeabta cnjli`tcrl`s. MJ@Q]QJ@ FA J@ B@MLCB E@] G@WC^AMLF@ J` mj mjàu àusuj suj` ` fa j` b` b`mlý mlýb b eà eàss g` g`vc vcram ramlf lf` ` sa lb lbst strue rueab abtý tý mcb aj @m @mua uarfc rfc Iabar`j scnra @r`bmajas @fu`barcs y Mcearmlc (I@VV), fa t`j gcre` qua ab aj `rtåmujc 0 sa `glre` qua― mu`jqular vabt`o`, g`vcr, prlvljailc c lbeublf`f mcbmaflfc pcr ub` p`rta mcbtr`t`bta ` ub prcfumtc crlilb`rlc fa ctrc p`ås c fastlb`fc ` ìj, sarà mcbmaflfc lbeafl`t` a lbmcbflmlcb`jeabta ` tcfc prcfumtc slelj`r crlilb`rlc fa jcs tarrltcrlc fa tcf`s j`s faeàs p`rtas mcbtr`t`btas, c ` ajjcs fastlb`fc―. Astc sliblglm` qua blbiÿb p`ås puafa jjai`r ` ub `muarfc fa ran`o` `r`bmaj`rl` c bc `r`bmaj`rl`, slb sar axtabslnja `j rastc fa jcs p`åsas glre`btas fa j` ^cbf` fa Baicmlcs. ]l ab ub prlbmlplc j` mjàusuj` `gamt`n` prlbmlp`jeabta ` j`s earm`bmå`s, mcb aj p`sc faj tlaepc tuvc qua sar axtabflfc ` ctrc ctrcss tltlpcs pcs fa mcea mcearm rmlc lc,, as aspam paml` l`je jeab abta ta ` jc jcss sa sarvl rvlml mlcs cs y j` prc prcpl plaf af`f `f lbtajamtu`j, quaf`bfc ramcilfc ab aj `rtåmujc > faj @muarfc Iabar`j scnra Mcearmlc fa ]arvlmlcs (I@V]) y aj `rtlmujc 6 faj @muarfc Iabar`j scnra Faramdcs fa Xrcplaf`f Lbtajamtu`j raj`mlcb`fcs mcb aj Mcearmlc (@FXLM). Mcb ajjc sa lblmlý ab 07

 

nlj`tar`j-`j `ep`rc fa j` glre` fa ub `muarfc fa lbtair`mlýb railcb`j. C fa baicml`r ` blvaj eujtlj`tar`j- n`oc j`s bcre`s faj I@VV/CEM y qua supcbab aj muepjlelabtc fa j` mjàusuj` fa b`mlýb eàs g`vcramlf`. Aj tr`t`fc fa Ecbtavlfac ast`njama, ab su `rtåmujc 04, j` `pjlm`mlýb lbeafl`t` faj tr`tc fa j` b`mlýb eàs g`vcramlf`, ab su gcre` lbmcbflmlcb`j a ljlelt`f`, p`r` jcs nlabas fa m`f` p`rta mcbtr`t`bta ab aj tarrltcrlc fa j`s ctr`s. Ast` fl flspc spcsl slml mlýb ýb iu iu`rf `rf` ` ub p` p`ra rabt btas asmc mc eu euyy prý prýxl xlec ec mc mcb b j` mj mjàu àusu suj` j` sl slel elj` j`r  r  mcbtablf` mcbtab lf` ab aj @muarfc Iabar Iabar`j, `j, y su lbmjuslý lbmjuslýb b cnafama `j fasac fa g`mlj g`mljlt`r  lt`r  j` s`bmlýb faj I@VV p`r` j` mcbstltumlýb fa ub` zcb` j`tlbc`earlm`b` jlnra fa mcearmlc. J` axmjuslýb faj prlbmlplc fa j` mjàusuj` fa j` b`mlýb eàs g`vcramlf` ab jcs `muarfcss sunrailcb`ja `muarfc sunrailcb`jass t`enl t`enlìb ìb sa gubf` ab j` bcmlýb fa j` ramlprcmlf` ramlprcmlf`f. f. Jcs `muarfcss railcb`jas, sl nlab bc guarcb pravls `muarfc pravlstcs tcs ab aj Vr`t`fc fa Ecbta Ecbtavlfac, vlfac, abmuabtr`b s gubf`eabtc jai`j fa j`s ^ascjumlcbas >8>,>8= y >>>, `fcpt`f`s ` glbas fa 09

 

mcbslfar`njaeabta ab j` mcbscjlf`mlýb fa jcs `r`bmajas fa tcfcs jcs p`åsas. J` saiurlf`f fa qua, ir`ml`s ` j` mcbscjlf`mlýb, jcs tlpcs `r`bmaj`rlcs eàs n`ocs `mcrf`fcs ab j`s baicml`mlcbas baicml`mlcbas bc saràb lbmraeabt lbmraeabt`fcs `fcs pcr jcs p`åsas `jlabt` ` j`s aepras`s ` lbvartlr ab gànrlm`s, aqulpc y rafas fa flstrlnumlýb y ` `fcpt`r ctr`s eaflf`s p`r` fas`rrcjj`r aj mcearmlc mcb jcs p`åsas d`ml` jcs qua axpcrt`b sus prcfumtcs. Xcr ctr` p`rta, j`s mcbscjlf`mlcbas f`b ` j`s aepras`s j` i`r`btå` fa qua jcs `r`bmajas fa j`s e`tarl`s prle`s y jcs lbsuecs qua fanab lepcrt`r p`r` j` prcfummlýb fastlb`f` ` j` axpcrt`mlýb bc saràb `ueabt`fcs pcr sus prcplcs icnlarbcs. Xcr ÿjtlec, j` raij` faj tr`tc b`mlcb`j i`r`btlz` ` j`s aepras`s axpcrt`fcr`s qua, ub` vaz qua sus prcfumtcs d`b abtr`fc ab aj earm`fc faj p`ås p` ås le lepc pcrt rt`f `fcr cr fasp faspuìs uìs fa s` s`tltlsg sg`m `mar ar jc jcss fa faram ramdc dcss fa `f `fu` u`b` b` y ctrcs ctrcs ir`vàe ir` vàeabas abas p`i p`i`far `farcs cs ab j` grc grcbta btar`, r`, bc tab tabfràb fràb qua `nc `ncb`r b`r lep lepuas uastcs tcs lbtarbcs mcb `rraijc ` t`s`s eàs ajav`f`s qua j`s fa jcs prcfumtcs fa prcmafabml` b`mlcb`j. J` raij` faj tr`tc b`mlcb`j sa `pjlm` bc sýjc ` j` ax`mmlýb fa lepuastcs lbtarbcs, lbtar bcs, slbc t`enl t`enlìb ìb `j muepj muepjlelabt lelabtc c fa j`s bcre`s cnjli`t cnjli`tcrl`s crl`s raspamtc fa jcs prcfumtcs y ` j` vabt` y flstrlnumlýb fa ìstcs. Mcec jcs icnlarbcs vlabab lepc lepcbl blab abfc fc m`f` m`f` vaz vaz eà eàss ir ir`v `vàe àeab abas as y pr prce ceuj uji` i`bf bfc c m`f` m`f` vaz vaz eà eàss ra raij ij`e `eab abt` t`ml mlcb cbas as p` p`r` r` pr prct ctai aiar ar aj eafl eaflc c `e `enl nlab abta ta y j` s`ju s`juf f fa jcs jcs mcbsuel uelfc fcrras, as, j` bcre re` ` saiÿb j` mu`j u`j ascs ir`v `và àeabas y as`s ra raij ij`e `eab abt` t`ml mlcb cbas as fa fana nab b `p `pjljlm` m`rs rsa a slb slb flsm flsmrl rlel elb` b`ml mlýb ýb ` jcs jcs pr prcf cfum umtc tcss b`mlcb`jas y ` jcs lepcrt`fcs ravlsta ub` lepcrt`bml` vlt`j p`r` j`s aepras`s axpcrt`fcr`s.

◃ Grabmd, O. F. (0884). Jcs p`åsas ab fas`rrcjjc y aj I@VV. ◃ ]apujvaf`, N. Aj rìileab fa j` b`mlýb eàs g`vcramlf` ab aj I@VV y j`

 @J@JM. ◃ ]/@. Mjàusuj`s fa b`mlýb eàs g`vcramlf` (MBEG). Iuå`s Ouråflm`s.

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