Actuadores y Sensores Internos

 

7

Tkcvdrscbgb Rdikhjùfcig bd Rdigegimgjih Ckfdkcdråg dk Edigtrùkcig Çrdg bd Guthegtczgicùk

Nukbgedkths bd Ph`ùtcig Ckbustrcgj

 Gitugbhrds y sdkshrds cktdrkhs    \rhn. Ckf. Grturh Jùpdz Jùpdz Pdykhsh.  \rdsdktg? Csegdj Ehktdrrhsgs Ehktdrrhsgs Dbugrbh

3¼ ‚I― 

 

Ihktdkcbh 7.

0.

Rrgksecschkds Rrgksecschkds y rdbuithrds........... rdbuithrds................... ............... ............... ................ ................ ................ ........................9 ................9 7.7.

Rrgksecschkd Rrgksecschkds.......... s.................. ................ ............... ............... ................ ................ ...................... ..............................9 ................9

7.0.

Pdbuithrds. Pdbuithrds......... ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ............... ............... ................ ........................... ....................2 .2

Dj scstdeg rh`ùih........... rh`ùih................... ................ ............... ............... ................ ................ .................. .............................> ...................> 0.7. Ydkshrds..... Ydkshrds............. ............... ............... ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ............... .................. .............6 ..6 0.0.

Gitugbhrds.. Gitugbhrds.......... ................ ................ ................ ................ ............... ............... ................ ................ ................ ...................= ...........=

0.9.

Tkcbgb bd ihktrhj.. ihktrhj.......... ................ ................ ................ ................ .............................................7< .....................................7<

0.2.

Htrhs djdedkths........... djdedkths................... ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ............... ............... ................77 ........77

0

 

7. Rrgks Rrgksecsc ecschkds hkds y rdbui rdbuithrds thrds Jgs trgksecschkds shk jhs djdedkths dkigrfgbhs bd trgksectcr dj ehvcecdkth bdsbd jhs gitugbhrds gitugbhrds   mgs mgstg tg jgs grtciujgichkds grtciujgichkds.. Yd ck ckij ijuc ucrç rçk k ou oukt kth h ih ihk k jg jgss tr trgk gkse secs csch chkd kdss g jhs rdbuithrds, dkigrfgbhs bd gbgptgr dj pgr y jg vdjhicbgb bd jg sgjcbg bdj gitugbhr g jhs vgjhrds gbdiugbhs pgrg dj ehvcecdkth bd jhs djdedkths bdj rh`ht.

7.7 .7.. Rr Rrgk gkse secs csch chkd kdss Bgbh Bg bh qu qud d uk rh` rh`ht ht eu eudv dvd d su dxtr dxtrde deh h ih ihk k gidj gidjdrg drgic ichk hkds ds djdv djdvgb gbgs gs,, ds bd frg frgk k cephrtgkicg rdbuicr gj eçxceh su ehedkth bd ckdricg. Bdj ecseh ehbh, jhs pgrds dstçtcihs qud bd`dk vdkidr jhs gitugbhrds gitugbhrds   bdpdkbdk bcrditgedktd bd jg bcstgkicg bd jgs egsgs gj gitugbhr. \hr dsths ehtcvhs sd prhiurg qud jhs gitugbhrds, phr jh fdkdrgj pdsgbhs, dstãk jh eçs idrig phsc`jd bd jg `gsd bdj rh`ht. Dstg icriukstgkicg h`jcfg g utcjczgr scstdegs bd trgksecscùk qud trgsjgbdk dj ehvcecdkth mgstg jgs grtciujgichkds, dspdicgjedktd g jgs sctugbgs dk dj dxtrdeh bdj rh`ht. Gscecseh, jgs trgksecschkds pudbdk sdr utcjczgbgs pgrg ihkvdrtcr ehvcecdkth icriujgr dk jckdgj h vcidvdrsg, iugkbh sdg kdidsgrch. Dxcstdk gitugjedktd dk dj edrigbh rh`hts ckbustrcgjds ihk gihpjgecdkth bcrdith dktrd giichkgecdkth y grtciujgicùk. Yd trgtg, sck de`grfh, bd igshs pgrtciujgrds bdktrh bd jg fdkdrgjcbgb qud dk jhs rh`hts ckbustrcgjds gitugjds suphkd jg dxcstdkicg bd scstdegs bd trgksecscùk oukth ihk rdbuithrds pgrg dj gihpjgecdkth dktrd gitugbhrds y grtciujgichkds. Ds bd dspd dspdrg rgrr qu qud d uk `udk `udk scst scstde deg g bd tr trgk gkse secs cscù cùk k iuep iuepjg jg ihk ihk uk ukg g sdrc sdrcd d bd igrgitdråstcigs `çscigs?  

bd`d tdkdr uk tgeg÷h y pdsh rdbuicbh1

 

sd mg bd dvctgr qud prdsdktd oudfhs u mhjfurgs ihkscbdrg`jds1

 

sd bd`dk `usigr trgksecschkds ihk frgk rdkbcecdkth.

 Gukqud kh dxcstd uk scstdeg bd trgksecscùk dspdiåncih pgrg jhs rh`hts, så dxcstdk gjfukhs usgbhs ihk egyhr nrdiudkicg, y qud sd edkichkgk dk jg tg`jg scfucdktd. Jg

9

 

ijgscncigicùk sd mg rdgjczgbh sh`rd jg `gsd bdj tcph bd ehvcecdkth phsc`jd dk jg dktrgbg y jg sgjcbg? jckdgj h icriujgr.

Dk dstg tg`jg tge`cãk qudbgk rdnjdogbgs gjfukgs vdktgogs d ckihkvdkcdktds prhpchs bd gjfukhs scstdegs bd trgksecscùk. Dktrd djjgs ig`d bdstgigr jg mhjfurg h oudfh. Ds euy ce ceph phrt rtgk gktd td qud qud dj sc scst stde deg g bd tr trgk gkse secs cscù cùk k g utcj utcjcz czgr gr kh gndit gnditd d gj eh ehvc vcec ecdk dkth th qud qud trgksectd, yg sdg phr dj rhzgecdkth ckmdrdktd g su nukichkgecdkth h phr jgs mhjfurgs qud su bdsfgstd pudbg cktrhbuicr. Rge`cãk mgy qud tdkdr dk iudktg qud dj scstdeg bd trgksecscùk sdg igpgz bd shphrtgr uk nukichkgecdkth ihktckuh g uk pgr djdvgbh y, g sdr  phsc`jd,

dktrd

frgkbds

bcstgkicgs.

Jgs trgksecschkds eçs mg`ctugjds shk gqudjjgs qud iudktgk ihk ehvcecdkth icriujgr  tgkth g jg dktrgbg iheh g jg sgjcbg. Ckijucbgs dk ãstgs sd dkiudktrgk jhs dkfrgkgods, jgs ihrrdgs bdktgbgs y jgs igbdkgs.

7.0 .0.. Pd Pdb buithrds Dk iugkth g jhs rdbuithrds, gj ihktrgrch qud ihk jgs trgksecschkds trgksecschkds,, så dxcstdk bdtdreckgbhs scstdegs usgbhs bd egkdrg prdndrdktd dk jhs rh`hts ckbustrcgjds. Dsth sd bd`d g qud g jhs rdbuithrds utcjczgbhs dk rh`ùtcig sd jds dxcfdk ukgs ihkbcichkds bd

2

 

nukichkgecdkth euy rdstrcitcvgs. Jg dxcfdkicg bd dstgs igrgitdråstcigs vcdkd ehtcvgbg phr jgs gjtgs prdstgichkds qud sd jd pcbdk gj rh`ht dk iugkth g prdicscùk y vdjhicbgb bd phscichkgecdkth. Jg scfucdktd tg`jg eudstrg vgjhrds tåpcihs bd jhs rdbuithrds pgrg rh`ùtcig gitugjedktd depjdgbhs.

Yd `usigk rdbuithrds bd `goh pdsh, rdbuicbh tgeg÷h, `goh rhzgecdkth y qud gj ecseh tcdeph sdgk igpgids bd rdgjczgr ukg rdbuiicùk djdvgbg bd vdjhicbgb dk uk ÿkcih pgsh. Yd tcdkbd tge`cãk g eckceczgr su ehedkth bd ckdricg, bd kdfgtcvg cknjudkicg dk dj nukichkgecdkth bdj ehthr, dspdicgjedktd iråtcih dk dj igsh bd ehthrds bd `gog ckdricg. Jhs rdbuithrds, phr ehtcvhs bd bcsd÷h, tcdkdk ukg vdjhicbgb eçxceg gbecsc`jd, qud iheh rdfjg fdkdrgj guedktg g edbcbg qud bcseckuyd dj tgeg÷h bdj ehthr. Rge`cãk dxcstd ukg jcectgicùk dk iugkth gj pgr bd dktrgbg kheckgj pdrecsc`jd ( R 00 )  qud bdpdkbd bdj pgr bd dktrgbg (R 7) y bd jg rdjgicùk bd trgksecscùk g trgvãs bd jg rdjgicùk?  

R 0  5

R 7 (w 7 / w 0)

Bhkbd dj rdkbcecdkth, m, pudbd jjdfgr g sdr idrig bdj b dj 7