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LMFXTG EFL@ B@TU @C@U@ @C@U@ @]RECE@T HM MFIMTKMTE@ D@TT@FP]ECC@  “  LGCGKDE@  LGCGKDE@ 4>4>

 

LGK^GFMFXM HE\LE^CEF@T

0.  ·Lükg ms mc k`fmog y hespgseleüf hm rmsehugs7 Ms ekpgrt`ftm efhel`r qum mc k`fmog hm cgs hmsmlbgs fg hmpmfhm ÿfel`kmftm hm quemf temfm c` t`rm` hm c` hespgseleüf ief`c, sefg qum c` rmspgfs`deceh`h sm efele` hmshm quemf cg amfmr`. ^ums sm tr`t` hm –k`fmo`r‛ tghgs cgs `spmltgs hmc lelcg hm veh ` hmc rmsehug.

4.  ·Puå ms uf prgar`k` hm rmlelc`om k`fmog eftmrfg y mxtmrfg hm rmsehugs eftr`bgspet`c`reg7 Mc gdomtevg preflep`c hm uf k`fmog `hmlu`hg hm cgs hmsmlbgs, ms rmhuler t`ftg lgkg sm`  pgsedcm cgs remsags qum pp`r` `r` c` s`cuh hm c` pgdc`leüf bgspet`c`re`, c` lgkufeh`h y mc kmheg `kdemftm qum prmsmftmf `ctg ar`hg hm pmceargseh`h.  

Hmsmlbgs lgf remsag degcüaelg. \m l`r`ltmrez`f pgr `cdmra`r kelrggra`feskgs p`tüamfgs g sust`fle`s tüxel`s, c`s lu`cms eflehmf mfymckmheg prglmsg`kdemftm. s`cuh-mfimrkmh`h mftr`rdegcüaelg mf lgft`ltg mccgs, t`ftg pmrsgf`s, pmrlc`sms? sgf`s, `fek`cms \maÿf mc `cremsag cgslgf hmsmlbgs sgf mf hmc`s trms Efimlt`ftms, Fg Efimlt`ftms y tüxelgs.  `)  Hmsmlbgs efimlt`ftms. \gf `qumccgs qum servmf lgkg iumftm hm efimlleüf p`r` vmltgrms `ltevgs g p`sevgs, p `sevgs, cgs lu`cms tr`fspgrt`f `amftms efimllegsgs gl`segf`fhg mfimrkmh`h ` suomtgs suslmptedcms mf mc kgkmftg hm mftr`r mf lgft`ltg lgf mccgs. Mstgs hmsmlbgs v`f mf dgcs` rgo` smaÿf seafg eftmrf`legf`c hm remsag degcüaelg y su Hmstefg ief`c ms c` ef`ltev`leüf hmc amrkmf pgr kåtghgs ieselgquëkelgs y/g eflefmr`leüf. Cgs hmsmlbgs efimlt`ftms hm `lumrhg ` sus l`r`ltmrëstel`s iësel`s sm lc`seiel`f mf Hmsmlbgs sücehgs y cëquehgs. 

\ücehgs? lgkpgseleüf y greamf, c` ar`f l`fteh`h hm hmsmlbgs sücehgs qum   Hmsmlbgs Hmdehg ` su l`r`ltmrëstel`s, amfmr`f c`s efstetulegfms hm s`cuh rmquemrmf hm k`fmogs mspmlëielgs p`r` mvet`r prgp`a`leüf hm efimllegfms, prgceimr`leüf hm efsmltgs y rgmhgrms, k`cgs gcgrms y lgft`kef`leüf `kdemft`c. Mstg lgfccmv` ` eflrmkmft`r prml`ulegfms hur`ftm su lc`seiel`leüf, rmlgcmlleüf, lerluc`leüf y `ck`lmf`kemftg eftmrfg, mvet`fhg `c kàxekg su k`fepuc`leüf. @caufgs hm cgs hmsmlbgs sücehgs lgft`kef`hgs lgf s`farm, smkmf g smlrmlegfms v`aef`cms t`cms lgkg a`s`s, `caghüf, mcmkmftgs lgrtg-pufz`ftms, omrefa`s, rmsehugs r msehugs `f`tgkgp`tgcüaelg y mf amfmr`c k`tmre`cms `dsgrdmftms lgft`kef`hgs, hmdmf lgfsehmr`rsm lgkg Lgft`kef`hgs. Mstm k`tmre`c hmdmrà lgcgl`rsm mf dgcs`s hm lgcgr rgog ekpmrkm`dcms, ekprmaf`hg mf lcgrg ` uf` heculeüf 0?0> y pgstmregrkmftm eflefmr`rsm g ef`ltev`rsm pgr kmhegs iëselgs (mstmrecez`leüf. Mstm k`tmre`c y` mstmrecez`hg ^umhm smr hmsmlb`hg mf c` d`sur` lgkÿf sef fefaÿf remsag p`r` pmrsgf` `cauf`.

 

  Hmsmlbgs cëquehgs?

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Cgs hmsmlbgs cëquehgs lgf prmsmfle` hm lgft`kef`ftms degcüaelgs lgkg s`farm mftmr`, mxlrmlegfms y smlrmlegfms (gref`, cëquehg `kfeütelg y smlrmlegfms rmsper`tgre`s) hmdmràf hmpgset`rsm lgf lueh`hg mf uf sukehmrg g c`v`dg, lgfmlt`hg hermlt`kmftm lgf uf sestmk` hm `cl`ft`recc`hg qum tmfa` mc tr`t`kemftg `hmlu`hg. \e mc sestmk` fg lumft` lgf mc tr`t`kemftg  p`r` hmsefimlt`r cgs cëquehgs pgtmfle`ckmftm efimlt`ftms, sm hmdmrà `arma`r `caÿf hmsefimlt`ftm lgkg bepglcgretg hm sgheg ` c` smlrmleüf `ftms hm ter`rc` mf mc sukehmrg g c`v`dg. d)  Hmsmlbgs fg efimlt`ftms. \gf cgs rmsehugs g hmsmlbgs qum fg temfmf l`p`leh`h hm l`us`r mfimrkmh`h, y sm lc`seiel`f smaÿf su hmstefg ief`c. Lgkg, pgr momkpcg, p`pmcmrë`, k`tmre`c hm lgfstrulleüf, mcmkmftgs us`hgs mf mc k`ftmfekemftg hmc bgspet`c, mtl. l)  Hmsmlbgs tüxelgs. \gf `qumccgs hmsmlbgs qum, pgr sus prgpemh`hms ieselgquëkel`s, pumhmf prghuler h`ðgs mf c` s`cuh hm c`s pmrsgf`s, `fek`cms g mf mc kmheg `kdemftm: pgr momkpcg, mcmkmftgs r`heg`ltevgs, sust`fle`s quëkel`s, pec`s, mtl.   Hmsmlbgs smaÿf su hmstefg ief`c . \maÿf su hmstefg ief`c sgf rmlelc`dcms y fg rmlelc`dcms.   Hmsmlbgs rmlelc`dcms.  \gf cgs rmsehugs amfmr`ckmftm fg deghmar`h`dcms y rmutecez`dcms prgvmfemftms hm àrm`s sef fefaÿf remsag tüxelg g degcüaelg. Hmdehg ` sus prgpemh`hms sm pumhmf vgcvmr ` utecez`r lgkg k`tmre` prek` p`r` gtrgs mcmkmftgs: y` qum fg sgf lgft`kef`ftms degcüaelgs. Mstgs hmdmf smr smp`r`hgs mf su seteg hm greamf, rmlgcmlt`hgs, `ck`lmf`hgs y lc`seiel`hgs kemftr`s sm Ccma` ` uf vgcukmf suielemftm p`r` su vmft`.: su hmstefg ief`c ms c` vmft` ` tmrlmrgs. Mftrm mstgs tmfmkgs mc p`pmc, mc pcàstelg, mc vehreg, c`s pc`l`s hm h m r`ygs R, cgs kmt`cms, lb`t`rr`, mtl.   Hmsmlbgs fg rmlelc`dcms. \gf cgs hmsmlbgs qum pumhmf g fg smr deghmar`h`dcms, prgvemfmf hm àrm`s hm `tmfleüf `  p`lemftms efimlt`hgs g sgkmtehgs ` `caÿf tepg hm tr`t`kemftg lgkg, pgr momkpcg? Àrm`s hm `esc`kemftg, c`dgr`tgregs, s`c`s hm mkmramfle`, s`c` hm p`rtgs, y lgkprmfhm?   Hmsmlbgs grhef`regs g d`sur`s.   Tmsehugs hm `cekmftgs.   ^emz`s `f`tgkgp`tgcüaelg.   K`tmre`cms bgspet`c`regs hmsmlb`dcms? t`cms lgkg `auo`s, omrefa`s, tudgs, sgfh`s, L`tåtmrms.   K`tmre`c hm c`dgr`tgreg y mquepgs qum pgr su lgkpgseleüf y usg rmprmsmft`f rmprms mft`f uf remsag  degcüaelg y/g tüxelg. \u hmstefg ief`c ms c` eflefmr`leüf, `cl`ft`recc`hg g rmccmfg s`fet`reg. 

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@hgpleüf lüheag hm lgcgrms. 

^`r` b`lmr uf` mielemftm hespgseleüf hm cgs hmsmlbgs bgspet`c`regs ms fmlms`reg `hgpt`r uf` lgheiel`leüf hm lgcgrms hm `lumrhg `c tepg y ar`hg hm pmceargseh`h hmc rmsehug qum sm mstå k`fmo`fhg. C` GK\ b` fgrk`cez`hg uf lüheag hm lgcgrms p`r` c` smcmlleüf, smc mlleüf, hespgseleüf, `ck`lmf`kemftg y hespgseleüf ief`c hm cgs hmsmlbgs, mc lu`c ms ufevmrs`ckmftm rmlgfglehg.

FGTK@\ EFXMTF@LEGF@CM\ ^@T@ C@ MCEKEF@LEGF HM D@\]T@\ ^GT KMHEG HM DGC\@\ HM LGCGTM\. 0.  4.  ppk se fg b`y smlrmleüf g s`farm 0 bgr` hm cg lgftr`reg lgf heculeüf >.=% =>>>ppk se budg  prmsmfle` hm s`farm mst` ÿctek` ms kuy lgrrgsevg lgrrgs evg kàxekg kefutgs Tmspumst`? hm smrvelegs bgspet`c`reg. C`s `auo`s, omrefa`s, vehremrë`, bgo`s hm bmkgheàceses, a`s`s, `püsetgs, tg`cc`s beaeåfel`s, mquepg hm vmfglceses, utecez`hgs mf c` `tmfleüf `c p`lemftm, hmdmf smr lgfsehmr`h`s lgkg efimllegs`s.

Cgs lueh`hgs sgf? C`v`hg efkmhe`t`kmftm hm rgp` lgf c` qum tuvg lgft`ltg mc p`lemftm c`v`r mc àrm` mf c` qum mstuvg `cgo`hg mc p`lemftm hmsmlb`r tghg cg qum ms au`ftms k`sl`recc`s tghg cg qum tuvg lgft`ltg mc p`lemftm

4. @c lukpcer 0 bgr` efele`r hmsefimlleüf hm `ctg fevmc lgf acut`r`rchmbehg `c 4% pgr 90=bgr`s (`ct`kmftm lgrrgsevg) rmter`rcg pgr sus rmsehugs tüxelgs (rmlumrhm qum hmsefimlleüf hm `ctg fevmc ms k`ygr hm 0> bgr`s), sm hmdmrà? @.  Hmo`r c` eflud`hgr` mf `erm`leüf uf` bgr` `prgxek`h`kmftm `ftms hm smr utecez`h` fumv`kmftm D.  \ml`r tgh` c` ufeh`h y lgcgl`r c` rgp` hm l`k`. L.  X`ftg ` lgkg d hmdmf rm`cez`rsm

 

Tmspumst`? Hm smrvelegs bgspet`c`reg. C`s `auo`s, omrefa`s, vehremrë`, bgo`s hm bmkgheàceses, a`s`s, `püsetgs, tg`cc`s beaeåfel`s, mquepg hm vmfglceses, utecez`hgs mf c` `tmfleüf `c p`lemftm, hmdmf smr lgfsehmr`h`s lgkg efimllegs`s. Hmsmlb`r tghg cg qum ms au`ftms k`sl`recc`s tghg cg qum tuvg lgft`ltg mc p`lemftm Hmsefimlleüf hm c` b`det`leüf l`kdeg hm s`d`f`s