Actividad de Aprendizaje 2 - Estudio de Empresa

 

Rg`drgihùf am` shstmlg am kmsthùf am ig`haga HYD 8??7-5?7= Hfkmfhmrìg Idfkgs Y.G.Y

_rmsmftgad pdr: Ngr`g @mdfm`g Bhkumrdg Udlmrd Ngtcmrhfm Ju`hmtc Yg`gzgr B`ùrmz Nmr`y Xmssmfhg Emadyg G`bdfsd Yhfay _gd`g Kuthèrrmz ]slm Xg`h Lh`mfg Mspm`mtg Jçidlm

_rmsmftgad g Ahgfg Igrd`hfg Ymrrgtd Udlmrd

]fhvmrshaga MIIH Mspmihg`hzgihùf mf kmrmfihg am `g smkurhaga y sg`ua mf m` trgegjd M`mithvg H shstmlgs am kmsthùf am `g ig`haga Edkdtç A.I 57 am Bmermrd am 5?57

7

 

Qge`g am idftmfhad

7.

Hftrdauiihùf .............................................. .................................................................................................... .............................................................................. ........................ 9

5.

Dejmthvds ................................................... ......................................................................................................... .............................................................................. ........................ 1

9.

5.7

Dejmthvd kmfmrg` .................................................... ........................................................................................................ ........................................................... ....... 1

5.5

Dejmthvds mspmiìbhids................................... mspmiìbhids.......................................................................................... ..................................................................... .............. 1

Gfç`hshs am ahgkfùsthid mlprmsgrhg`............................. mlprmsgrhg`................................................................................. ........................................................... ....... = 9.7

Amsirhpihùf am `g mlprmsg.................................................................................. mlprmsg........................... ..................................................................... .............. =

9.7.7

Lhshùf .................................................. ....................................................................................................... ..................................................................... ................ 2

9.7.5

Rhshùf ................................................... ........................................................................................................ ..................................................................... ................ 2

9.7.9

Dejmthvds mstrgtèkhids ............................................................................................... ..................................................... .......................................... ;

9.7.1

Drkgfhkrglg ...................................................................................................... .................................................. ........................................................... ....... 3

9.7.=

Lgpg am prdimsds ...................................................................................................... .................................................... .................................................. 8

9.5

Ahgkfùsthid am ig`haga- Iu`turg am ig`haga...................................................................... ig`haga.............................................. ........................ 8

9.5.7 @hstg am icmqumd HYD 8??7:5?7= .................................................. ................................................................................. ............................... 7? 9.5.5 Gfç`hshs ADBG............................................................................................................. 7= 1.

Umidlmfagihdfms .............................................. ................................................................................................... ................................................................... .............. 73

=.

Idfi`ushùf ................................................ ...................................................................................................... ............................................................................ ...................... 78

2.

Umbmrmfihgs Ehe`hdkrçbhigs .................................................................................................... .................................................... ................................................ 5?

;.

@hstg am bhkurgs ................................................... ........................................................................................................ ................................................................... .............. 57

3.

@hstg am tge`gs ......................................................................................................... .................................................... ................................................................... .............. 55

8.

Gfmxds ...................................................... ............................................................................................................ ............................................................................ ...................... 59

5

 

7.  Hftrdauiihùf

_grg HFKMFHMUÌG IDFKGY Y.G.Y ms uf rmtd tmfmr i`grd `gs fmimshagams y mxhkmfihgs am `ds i`hmftms, pdr tg` rgzùf cg vmfhad trgegjgfad pgrg erhfagr uf eumf smrvhihd kgrgfthzgfad `g ig`haga am` trgegjd y prmstgfad uf smrvhihd dpdrtufd mf uf thmlpd gamiugad. Mf `g gitug`haga `gs drkgfhzgihdfms thmfmf qum mstgr prmpgrgags pgrg cgimr brmftm g `g idlpmtmfihg> amemf smr drkgfhzgags mf bufihùf am erhfagr uf eumf smrvhihd g` i`hmftm, ms `d qum cgim `g ahbmrmfihg mf m` lmrigad. _grg qum ufg mlprmsg pumag g`igfzgr su amsgrrd``d ms fmimsgrhd qum iumftm idf ufg mstruiturg drkgfhzgihdfg` ehmf ambhfhag adfam sm gagptmf `gs fmimshagams qum mxhkm m` mftdrfd am `g drkgfhzgihùf, amehad g qum idf m` pgsd am` thmlpd sdf lçs `gs mxhkmfihgs am sus i`hmftms y prdvmmadrms, adfam ufg imrthbhigihùf qum idlprumem qum mxhstm uf shstmlg am ig`haga mstge`mihad mf `g drkgfhzgihùf sm vum`vm uf ìtml am idlpmththvhaga gftm `gs amlçs drkgfhzgihdfms Mf mstm smfthad, smkúf (Grhgs, 5?75) `g fdrlg HYD 8??7:5??3 mstge`mim `ds rmquhshtds am` Yhstmlg am Kmsthùf am `g Ig`haga, pdr lmahd am `g ambhfhihùf m hlp`mlmftgihùf am uf idfjuftd am githvhagams tmfahmftms g kmfmrgr tgftd mf `ds i`hmftms idld mf `g g`tg ahrmiihùf `g idfbhgfzg am prdpdrihdfgr smrvhihds y prdauitds idf `g ig`haga rmqumrhag g uf idstd gamiugad. _grg tmrlhfgr ms hlpdrtgftm tmfmr mf iumftg qum `g fdrlg fd amirmtg mxgitglmftm idld sm amem ahsm÷gr m hlp`mlmftgr m` shstmlg am ig`haga mf `g drkgfhzgihùf, mstg ahitg `ds rmquhshtds lìfhlds qum sm amemf iulp`hr pgrg `dkrgr lmjdrgr `g prdauithvhaga am `g mlprmsg.

9

 

5.  Dejmthvds 5.7 Dejmthvd kmfmrg`

Ahgkfdsthigr m` mstgad mf qum sm mfiumftrg m` shstmlg am ig`haga am `g mlprmsg HFKMFHMUHG IDFKGY Y.G.Y lmahgftm ufg vg`drgihùf mfbdigag mf `ds irhtmrhds am `g fdrlg HYD 8??7 am 5?7=> `g iug` thmfm bhfms mauigthvds. 5.5 Dejmthvds mspmiìbhids

  Idfdimr `gs kmfmrg`hagams idf `gs qum iumftg `g mlprmsg



  Umg`hzgr uf ahgkfùsthid amtg``gad sderm `ds rmquhshtds am `g fdrlg HYD 8??7 am 5?7=



g trgvès am `g cmrrglhmftg am `hstg am icmqumd amtmrlhfgfad m` iulp`hlhmftd am `g fdrlg.   Umidfdimr `gs ameh`hagams, dpdrtufhagams, bdrtg`mzgs y glmfgzgs (ADBG) am `ds



ahbmrmftms prdimsds am `g drkgfhzgihùf.

1

 

9.  Gfç`hshs am ahgkfùsthid mlprmsgrhg` 9.7 Amsirhpihùf am `g mlprmsg

HFKMFHMUHG IDFKGY Y.G.Y. Ms ufg lhirdmlprmsg mfbdigag mf m` smitdr am chardigreurds mspmihg`hzgag mf `g prmstgihùf am smrvhihds am hfkmfhmrìg y am lgftmfhlhmftd  pgrg bgih`hagams y p`gftgs am trgtglhmftd y prdimsglhmftd prdimsg lhmftd am kgs fgturg` y sus sueprdaui sueprdauitds, tds, am mstgihdfms am idlprmshùf y am bgih`hagams am kmfmrgihùf am mfmrkìg m`èitrhig. @g mstruiturg am `g idlpg÷ìg ms bdrlg`, Jmrçrquhig, iumftg idf igamfgs am lgfad, gpdygad mf m` shstmlg am kmsthùf ahsm÷gad m hlp`mlmftgad pdr ampgrtglmftds, `g mstruiturg  pmrlhtm m` idrrmitd bufihdfglhmftd> mstm sm ahsm÷ù am giumrad giu mrad g `gs githvhagams qum sm mjmiutgf mf `g mlprmsg. Iumftg idf ads smams, mf Edkdtç sm uehigf `gs dbhihfgs galhfhstrgthvgs y mf Ydkgldsd `g smiihùf dpmrgthvg, idf uf tdtg` am 3 id`gedrgadrms ahstrheuhads am `g shkuhmftm bdrlg> Kmrmfihg 7, Ahrmitdrms 5, Idftgadr 7, Iddrahfgadr Galhfhstrgthvd 7, @ @ìamr ìamr YKH 7, Qèifhid 7, Idfsmrjm 7. @g mlprmsg pmrtmfmim g` smitdr midfùlhid dh` gfa kgs y mstç amftrd am i`gshbhigihùf i`gshbhigihùf am rhmskd =, `g kmrmfihg, msthpu`d ads ahrmiihdfms prhfihpg`ms> `g prhlmrg ms `g ahrmiihùf Qèifhig `g iug` iumftgf idf ufg mstruiturg lgtrhihg`, igag vmz qum kmfmrgf prdymitds mstge`mimf fumvgs ldahbhigihdfms pgrg qum sm gagptmf g `g dpmrgihùf rmqumrhag. (_rdimsds Lhshdfg`ms) y `g smkufag mstç idfbdrlgag pdr `g ahrmiihùf Galhfhstrgthvg y bhfgfihmrg, Mstruiturg idfstgftm, cgimf pgrtm am `g ahrmiihùf `ds ampgrtglmftds trgfsvmrsg`ms y sdpdrtm am `g dpmrgihùf. @g tdlg am amihshdfms ms imftrg`hzgag mf Kmrmfihg, g pmsgr am qum `gs ahrmiihdfms  prhfihpg`ms thmfmf gutdrhaga pgrg idfirmtgr fmkdihgihdfms, fm kdihgihdfms, lgfmjd am pmrsdfg` mti. =

 

Mstç idfsthtuhag mf m` 5?7; idf egsm mf ufg mstruiturg adiulmftg` glpgrgag pdr `ds shstmlgs am kmsthùf hftmkrgads am Ig`haga y Yg`ua y Ymkurhaga mf m` trgegjd qum sm ahsm÷ù m hlp`mlmftù mf m` 5?5?, `ds iug`ms amtmrlhfgf m` giihdfgr am igag ufg am `gs pmrsdfgs,  prdimsds y mlprmsg. Amftrd am `g ahrmiihùf mstrgtèkhig `g mlprmsg HFKMFHMUÌG IDFKGY Y.G.Y, sm igrgitmrhzg pdr smr drkgfhzgag y i`grg mf m` `hamrgzkd amftrd am `ds krupds am trgegjd, sm iumftg idf trms `ìamrms `ds iug`ms idfsthtuymf ufg jmrgrquìg drkgfhzgthvg, g igag ufd am `ds `ìamrms sm `ms gshkfg amtmrlhfgags idlpmtmfihgs mf rm`gihùf g `g tdlg am amihshdfms, hfhihg`lmftm sm mfiumftrg `hamrgag pdr m` kmrmftm kmfmrg`, smkuhad am` `ìamr mf `g pgrtm dpmrgthvg y m` `ìamr mmff `g pgrtm galhfhstrgthvg, `ds iug`ms vgf mfiglhfgads pgrg g`igfzgr m` èxhtd am `g idlpg÷ìg. 9.7.7  Lhshùf

Ydlds ms ufg mlprmsg mspmihg`hzgag mf `g prmstgihùf am smrvhihds am hfkmfhmrìg y am lgftmfhlhmftd pgrg bgih`hagams y p`gftgs am trgtglhmftd y prdimsglhmftd am kgs fgturg` y sus sueprdauitds, am mstgihdfms am idlprmshùf y am bgih`hagams am kmfmrgihùf am mfmrkìg m`èitrhig. Mf `g iug` dbrmimlds smrvhihds idf ig`haga g trgvès am` lmjdrglhmftd idfthfud am` Yhstmlg Hftmkrgad am Kmsthùf y am` iulp`hlhmftd am `ds rmquhshtds mxhkhads pdr `g @my y  pgrtms hftmrmsgags, rmspmitd g `g sg`ua, `g smkurhaga sm kurhaga am `ds trgegjgadrms, m` lmahd glehmftm y ig`haga. 9.7.5  Rhshùf

HFKMFHMUHG IDFKGY, pgrg m` 5?5= smrç ufg am `gs mlprmsgs `ìamrms mf ms ufg mlprmsg mspmihg`hzgag mf `g prmstgihùf am smrvhihds am hfkmfhmrìg y am lgftmfhlhmftd pgrg bgih`hagams y p`gftgs am trgtglhmftd y prdimsglhmftd am kgs fgturg` y sus sueprdauitds, am 2

 

mstgihdfms am idlprmshùf y am bgih`hagams am kmfmrgihùf am mfmrkìg m`èitrhig, igrgitmrhzgads  pdr `g ig`haga am fumstrds smrvhihds prmstgads, prms tgads, pgrg `d iug` idftglds idf m` lmjdr rmiursd rmiur sd culgfd, mxpmrhmfihg y tmifd`dkìg am puftg, `dkrgfad gsì `g lgydr sgthsbgiihùf mf fumstrds I`hmftms. 9.7.9  Dejmthvds mstrgtèkhids

  Kmsthdfgr mbmithvglmftm m` igphtg` bhfgfihmrd gshkfgad pdr `g drkgfhzgihùf



  Cgimr smkuhlhmftd y rmvhshùf am iumsthdfms mxtmrfgs m hftmrfgs qum sdf pmrthfmftms pgrg



su prdpùshtd   Iulp`hr `ds rmquhshtds `mkg`ms, idftrgitug`ms y fdrlgthvds tèifhids, glehmftg`ms y am



smkurhaga y sg`ua mf m` trgegjd, mvhtgfad lu`tgs y sgfihdfms   Cgimr qum igag ufd am `ds id`gedrgadrms gadptmf idld prdphds `ds dejmthvds 

mstrgtèkhids am `g mlprmsg.   Gulmftgr `g sgthsbgiihùf am` i`hmftm, kgrgfthzgfad `g ig`haga am `ds smrvhihds prmstgads



  Hlp`mlmftgr `ds idftrd`ms rmqumrhads pgrg mvhtgr igsh-giihamftms, giihamftms y



mfbmrlmagams `gedrg`ms mf `g mjmiuihùf am `gs githvhagams am `g mlprmsg.   Lgftmfmr `g grldfìg sdihg` y lgftmfhlhmftd am `gs rm`gihdfms idf `gs pgrtms hftmrmsgags



  Ahslhfuihùf am `g idftglhfgihùf y mbmitds sderm m` mftdrfd, g trgvès am `g hamfthbhigihùf hamf thbhigihùf



y idftrd` am `ds hlpgitds glehmftg`ms.   Lmjdrgr idfthfuglmftm `ds prdimsds y `ds smrvhihds am `g drkgfhzgihùf.



;

 

9.7.1  Drkgfhkrglg

 Bhkurg 7: Drkgfhkrglg mlprmsg Hfkmfhmrìg Idfkgs Y.G.Y

3

 

9.7.=  Lgpg am prdimsds

 Bhkurg 5: Lgpg am

prdimsds am `g mlprmsg Hfkmfhmrìg Idfkgs Y.G.Y

9.5 Ahgkfùsthid am ig`haga- Iu`turg am ig`haga

HFKMFHMUÌG IDFKGY Y.G.Y, sm egsg mf ufg iu`turg am ig`haga mfbdigag g `ds rmsu`tgads, Yu dejmthvd ms `g mbhigihg y `g dpthlhzgihùf am `ds prdimsds `gedrg`ms mfbdigags g `g ig`haga y m` smrvhihd g` i`hmftm> gamlçs, prhdrhzg `gs lmtgs g idrtd p`gzd y bdlmftg m` gcdrrd am rmiursds, tgftd lgtmrhg`ms idld culgfds, ahrhkhads g` iulp`hlhmftd am su pd`ìthig hftmkrg` am` shstmlg am kmsthùf egjd `g fdrlgthvhaga am` smitdr am chardigreurds, HYD 8??7, 71???, 1=???, U]I y Fdrsdn, gadptgad mf m` 5?5?.

8

 

9.5.7 @hstg am icmqumd HYD 8??7:5?7=

@g `hstg am icmqumd sm rmg`hzù mf uf bdrlgtd am Mxim` fdlergad Gfmxd 7:  @hstg am icmqumd HYD 8??7-5?7= Hfkmfhmrìg Idfkgs Y.G.Y

`g iug` sm mfiumftrg mf `ds gfmxds.

Gahihdfg`lmftm g idfthfugihùf sm rm`gihdfg g`kufds cg``gzkds: Fulmrg`

_rmkuftg

´Ym

thmfm

y/d

Ym mfiumftrg mf `g igrgitmrhzgihùf

rmquhshtds

kmrmfihg` adfam sm mxi`uym m` igpìtu`d

(mxi`ushdfms) qum fd sdf gp`hige`ms

3.9 ahsm÷d y amsgrrd``d am `ds prdauitds

 pgrg m` Yhstmlg am Kmsthùf4

am smrvhihd mf m` adiulmftd KMU- A-75

adiulmftgad 1.9

Cg``gzkd

justhbhigad `ds

igrgitmrhzgihùf kmrmfihg` 

=.9

Ym cgf mstge`mihad y idlufhigad `gs

Ym pumam desmrvgr qum mxhstm m`

rmspdfsgeh`hagams y gutdrhagams pgrg

adiulmftd am _mrbh`ms am igrkd, pmrd su

`ds rd`ms pmrthfmftms mf tdag `g

ú`thlg gitug`hzgihùf sm rmg`hzù m` 3 mfmrd

drkgfhzgihùf.

5?5?, gahihdfg` sm mfidftrù qum mf m`  pmrbh` am `g pmrsdfg mfigrkgag am` YK-

2.5

´Wuè giihdfms sm cgf p`gfhbhigad

YYQ cgy ìtml qum fd sm pumamf gp`higr. Ym mfiumftrgf ufds dejmthvds

 pgrg m` `dkrd am `ds dejmthvds am`

mstge`mihads, pmrd fd sdf lmahe`ms

YHK-CYW, prdkrglgs am kmsthùf4

gahihdfg` sm mfidftrù qum su ú`thlg gitug`hzgihùf bum m` 3 am mfmrd am 5?5?. Ym mfiumftrg hfbdrlgihùf adiulmftgag  pmrd idf ufg gitug`hzgihùf am` 3 am

7?

 

´Ym

lgfthmfm

hfbdrlgihùf

mfmrd am 5?5? agad qum fd sm cgf

adiulmftgag sderm mstds dejmthvds4

kmsthdfgad iglehds rmbmrmftms g `g lmahihùf am `ds dejmthvds agads pdr guahtdrhg hftmrfg.

;.7.2

Cg amtmrlhfgad `g drkgfhzgihùf `ds

Umbmrmftm

idfdihlhmftds fmimsgrhds pgrg m`

fmimsgrhds pgrg m` eumf bufihdfglhmftd

bufihdfglhmftd am sus prdimsds y m`

am `ds prdimsds sm cg mstge`mihad `ds

`dkrd am `g idfbdrlhaga am `ds

 pmrbh`ms am igrkd> pmrd amftrd am`

 prdauitds

y

uf

`ds

idfdihlhmftds

y,

cg

irdfdkrglg mstç mstge`mihad rmg`hzgr `g

prdimsd

am

ahvu`kgihùf am` g÷d 5?57 mf m` lms am

smrvhihds

hlp`mlmftgad

g

mfmrd y g `g bmicg 73-?9-5?57 fd sm thmfm

mxpmrhmfihgs gaquhrhags.

rmkhstrd am ahicg githvhaga.

;.5

@g drkgfhzgihùf sm cg gsmkurgad am

Ym thmfm ambhfhad m` prdimsd pgrg `g

qum `gs pmrsdfgs qum pumagf gbmitgr

sm`miihùf am` pmrsdfg`, amehad g `g

g`

mlmrkmfihg

rmfahlhmftd

am`

YKI

sdf

idlpmtmftms mf iumsthùf am ufg gamiugag mauigihùf, bdrlgihùf y mxpmrhmfihg,

cg

gadptgad

sgfhtgrhg

fd

cgy

idftrgtgihdfms y pdr mfam fd sm cg  pdahad gp`higr m` lgfug`.

`gs

lmahags fmimsgrhgs pgrg gsmkurgr qum pumagf gaquhrhr `g idlpmtmfihg fmimsgrhg

77

 

;.9

´Mxhstm ufg lmtdad`dkìg ambhfhag

Ym

 pgrg `g mvg`ugihùf am `g mbhigihg am

irdfdkrglg

`gs

mvg`ugihdfms

giihdfms

bdrlgthvgs

mfidftrù

mvhamfihgs am

mf

m`

igpgihtgihdfms

y

mlprmfahags4 ´Ym gsmkurg

qum

`ds

prdimsds

idftrgtgads

mxtmrfglmftm

mstèf

idftrd`gads4

Ym rmg`hzg `g sm`miihùf am prdvmmadr pdr lmahd am` bdrlgtd am mvg`ugihùf am  prdvmmadrms sm gfg`hzg m`

YK-YYQ,

_rmihd, idlpmtmfihg, hfbrgmstruiturg, iulp`hlhmftd fdrlgs glehmftg`ms mftrm dtrgs, sm usgf ads bdrlgtds m` prhlmrd sm`miihùf y m` smkufad am mvg`ugihùf, smkúf rmidlmfagihdfms am guahtdrhg

3.7

hftmrfg sm amem ufhbhigr m` bdrlgtd> pmrd fd sm mfiumftrg gitug`hzgihùf.

3.9

Ym rmvhsgf `gs idfsmiumfihgs am `ds

Ym mvhamfihg mf m` adiulmftd CYMW-

iglehds fd prmvhstds, tdlgfad

LQZ-7? smkuhlhmftds am giihdfms

giihdfms pgrg lhthkgr iug`quhmr mbmitd gavmrsd.

idrrmithvgs, prmvmfthvgs y am lmjdrg

Ahsm÷d y amsgrrd``d am `ds prdauitds

Ymkúf `g githvhaga midfùlhig am `g

y smrvhihds

mlprmsg mstm ìtml cgim pgrtm am `g mxi`ushùf y sm mvhamfihg mf m` adiulmftd KMU- A-75 igrgitmrhzgihùf kmrmfihg` 

75

 

Ym

3.1.9

idlufhig

m`

idftrd`

y

Ym mfiumftrg qum sh sm rmg`hzg mf m`

smkuhlhmftd am` amsmlpm÷d am`

bdrlgtd am ILDB-?7-Mvg`ugihùf am

 prdvmmadr mxtmrfd gp`higad pdr `g

 prdvmmadrms,

drkgfhzgihùf.

gitug`hzgad `g mvg`ugihùf pdr pgrtm am`

mstm g÷d fd sm cg

çrmg am idlprgs, sm mvhamfihd qum sm cg rmg`hzgad m` prdimahlhmftd shf smkuhr `gs lmtdad`dkìgs mstge`mihags. Ym idftrd`g `g ahspdfheh`haga y m` usd

Ym idftrd`g lmahgftm `g lgtrhz am

am rmiursds am smkuhlhmftd y

smkuhlhmftd pdr çrmgs

lmahihùf gamiugads 3.=.7

Ym

idftrd`g

m`

usd

am

`g

hfbrgmstruiturg y m` mftdrfd gamiugad

M` 3?% am` pmrsdfg` mstç mf igsg, mf dbhihfg sm cgimf `gs hfspmiihdfms

 pgrg `g dpmrgihùf am `ds prdimsds.

3.=.5

3.=.1

@g drkgfhzgihùf uth`hzg lmahds

Ym mvhamfihg qum sm cgim lmahgftm m`

gprdphgads

Gitg am mftrmkg y mfiumstg am

pgrg

hamfthbhigr

`gs

sg`hags am `ds prdauitds y smrvhihds.

sgthsbgiihùf am` i`hmftm

@g drkgfhzgihùf prmsmrvg `gs sg`hags

G` bhfg`hzgr `g mftrmkg am` trgegjd sm

mf `g prdauiihùf y prmstgihùf am`

rmg`hzg `g mfiumstg am sgthsbgiihùf am`

smrvhihd, mf `g lmahag fmimsgrhg pgrg

i`hmftm

gsmkurgr `g idfbdrlhaga idf `ds rmquhshtds. @g drkgfhzgihùf sm gsmkurg qum `gs

Mf `g pgrtm dpmrgthvg sm lgfmjg `g lgtrhz

sg`hags fd idfbdrlms idf sus

am prdauitds y smrvhihds fd idfbdrlms,

79

 

rmquhshtds sm hamfthbhigf y sm

fd mstç gitug`hzgag sm mvhamfihg qum

idftrd`gf pgrg prmvmfhr su usd d

bg`tgf `ds ú`thlds 9 prdymitds

mftrmkg. @g 3.;

drkgfhzgihùf

hfbdrlgihùf

idfsmrvg

adiulmftgag

 Fd sm mfiumftrg `g gitug`hzgihùf

qum

amsirheg `g fd idfbdrlhaga, `gs giihdfms tdlgags, `gs idfimshdfms detmfhags m hamfthbhqum `g gutdrhaga qum amiham `g giihùf idf rmspmitd g `g fd idfbdrlhaga.

7?

@g drkgfhzgihùf cg amtmrlhfgad y

Ym mvhamfihg mf m` adiulmftd fdlergad

sm`miihdfgad `gs dpdrtufhagams am

KMU- LQZ-?9 Lgtrhz am mvg`ugihùf y

lmjdrg m hlp`mlmftgad `gs giihdfms

kmsthùf am rhmskd y dpdrtufhagams,

fmimsgrhgs pgrg iulp`hr idf `ds

mfiumftrg qum su gitug`hzgihùf bum m`

rmquhshtds am` i`hmftm y lmjdrgr su

9?-jufhd-5?5?

sm

sgthsbgiihùf. Qge`g 7: Cg``gzkds am `g `hstg am icmqumd HYD-8??7-5?7=

71

 

9.5.5 Gfç`hshs ADBG LGQUHZ ADBG

Gfç`hshs hftmrfd (Mlprmsg )

Gfç`hshs Mxtmrfd (mftdrfd)

Bdrtg`mzgs

Dpdrtufhagams

 



  _mrsdfg` idlpmtmftm y



(Dpmrgthvds

y

igpgihtgad

galhfhstrgthvds,

  @ds smitdrms prdauithvds smkuhrçf



bdrlgads idfthfuglmftm g` hftmrhdr am `g mlprmsg) _mrsdfg` idf tdlg am

idftrgtgfad lgfd am derg.   Gprdvmicglhmftd am `gs de`hkgihdfms



amihshdfms

am `gs GU@, idld m` gidlpg÷glhmftd,

  M` pdrtgbd`hd am smrvhihds dbrmihads ms

gsmsdrìg y sdpdrtm, mf `g mjmiuihùf am



bçih`lmftm gagptge`m g `gs fmimshagams am iug`quhmr mlprmsg am` smitdr.

`gs githvhagams am YYQ am `g mlprmsg   Mstge`mihlhmftd



  @g ahspdfheh`haga am mquhpds pgrg `g

glehmftg`ms



gtmfihùf am mlmrkmfihgs glehmftg`ms aurgftm

m`

amsgrrd``d

am

`gs

pgrg

am

mstçfagrms idlegthr

`g

idftglhfgihùf glehmftg`.   M` egjd hlpgitd glehmftg` kmfmrgad



dpmrgihdfms.

 pdr tdags fumstrgs githvhagams, y usd

  Qrgegjgadrms ahspumstds y gehmrtds g

am hfsulds quìlhids, `d iug` fds



gaquhrhr

Lgydr hfvmrshùf mf hfbrgmstruiturg y smrvhihds eçshids.

fumvds

idfdihlhmftds

 pmrlhtm smr lçs glhkge`ms idf m`

rmspmitd g smkurhaga y sg`ua mf m` trgegjd   Bdrtg`mimr `g gtmfihùf g `gs fmimshagams



am` i`hmftm hftmrfd am `g idlpg֓g

lmahd glehmftm   Yurkhlhmftd am fumvgs tmifd`dkìgs



gagptge`ms g `ds smrvhihds dbmrtgads pdr `g mlprmsg.

(lgtrhz am idlufhigihdfms hftmrfg) 7=

 

  @g idfihmfihg glehmftg` kmfmrgag mf



`ds trgegjgadrms g trgvès am `gs ahbmrmftms githvhagams am` shstmlg am kmsthùf.   @g ahspdfheh`haga am mquhpds pgrg `g



gtmfihùf am mlmrkmfihgs glehmftg`ms aurgftm

m`

amsgrrd``d

am

`gs

dpmrgihdfms.

  Ameh`hagams



   Fd rmg`hzgr `ds idftrd`ms mstge`mihads



 pgrg `g hlp`mlmftgihùf am` prdtdid`d

Glmfgzgs

  Irhshs midfùlhig



  @g rmauiihùf am `ds prmihds pdr pgrtm



am ehdsmkurhag

am `ds idlpmthadrms, amehad g pd`ìthigs

  Umtrgsd mf `g idfstruiihùf am g`kufgs

am dpthlhzgihùf am rmiursds am `ds



i`hmftms am fumstrd lmrigad, d ehmf,

hfbrgmstruiturgs

idlpmtmfihg

  Hfiulp`hr `d ahspumstd mf m` lgfug` am



   Fd sm pgkumf `gs prmstgihdfms sdihg`ms

`g

idfthfuhaga am` fmkdihd)

igrkds y bufihdfms. 

ams`mg`.(Gbmitgf

  Amsimfsd am` idfsuld



am giumrad g` fhvm` am rhmskd y/d sg`grhds amvmfkgads

72

 

   Fd sm iumftm idf `g hfbrgmstruiturg



gamiugag pgrg `g prmstgihùf am`

drkgfhzg y rmku`g m` lmrigad am

smrvhihd

 prdauiihùf

  Mxhstmf bg``gs mf `g ambhfhihùf am



mstrgtmkhgs

idrpdrgthvgs

idrrmspdfahmftm

y

idlufhigihùf

  Gtmfamr

  M` b`ujd am igphtg`ms prhvgads eusig



su

dtrds

g`

hfvmrshdfms.

 pmrsdfg`. 

  Ldahbhigihùf am `g fdrlgthvhaga qum



lmrigads

pgrg

ldftgr

  Msigsms am kgs fgturg` mf `ds pdzds



dpdrtufglmftm

fmimshagams am `g drkgfhzgihùf

`gs

 pmtrd`mrds.   G`tds fhvm`ms am idrrupihùf mf `g



kmsthùf púe`hig.   Amldrg mf `g hlp`mlmftgihùf am



fumvgs

tmifd`dkìgs

pgrg

lhthkgr

hlpgitd glehmftg`. Qge`g 5: Lgtrhz ADBG

7;

 

1.  Umidlmfagihdfms

M` shstmlg am kmsthùf am `g ig`haga am ufg drkgfhzgihùf ms ufg pgrtm hlpdrtgftm am` shstmlg am kmsthùf k`deg`, tdags `gs drkgfhzgihdfms amemrìgf ambhfhr sus shstmlgs y `ds  prdimsds idftmfhads amftrd am m``ds pgrg pgr g gsì bgih`htgr qum `ds shstmlgs y prdimsds smgf i`grglmftm mftmfahads, mvg`ugads y lmjdrgads. Qdags `gs mlprmsgs qum rmg`himf `g kmsthùf amemrìgf gsmkurgr `g mbmithvg dpmrgihùf y idftrd` am `ds prdimsds y `gs lmahihdfms y agtds  pgrg amtmrlhfgr m` bufihdfglhmftd sgthsbgitdrhd. Ahrhkhr y cgimr bufihdfgr ufg drkgfhzgihùf sgthsbgitdrhglmftm rmquhmrm kmsthdfgr am ufg lgfmrg shstmlçthig y vhshe`m. M` èxhtd pumam amrhvgrsm am hlp`mlmftgr y lgftmfmr uf shstmlg am kmsthùf qum smg ahsm÷gad pgrg lmjdrgr idfthfuglmftm pdr lmahgs `gs fmimshagams am tdags `gs pgrtms hftmrmsgags. Kmsthdfgr ufg drkgfhzgihùf hfi`uym kmsthdfgr `g ig`haga mftrm dtrgs ahsihp`hfgs am kmsthùf. Amsam cgim luicds g÷ds sm cg amldstrgad qum m` lmjdr ldad am idfsmkuhr uf gulmftd krgaug`, idfstgftm, prdauithvd y mbhigz am `g kmsthùf am `g ig`haga mf ufg mlprmsg ms lmahgftm lmahgf tm `ds pr prdimsd dimsd am ``gg lmjdrg idfth idfthfug, fug, uf eumf idfsmjd pgrg iug`quhmr iug`quh mr mlprmsg mlp rmsg smrìg  pdfmr pdf mr mf l lgri gricg cg `gs giihdfms giih dfms am l lmjdr mjdrgg qqum um ccgf gf a gad rmsu`tga rmsu `tgadd, gagptçfad`gs g `ds fumvds thmlpds y g `gs  igrgitmrìsthigs idfirmtgs am igag lmtdad`dkìg am kmsthùf . 

73

 

=.  Idfi`ushùf

M` usd am `ds Yhstmlgs am Kmsthùf am Ig`haga pmrlhtm m` gsmkurglhmftd am `g Ig`haga am` _rdauitd d smrvhihd, @g gp`higihùf am` shstmlg am kmsthùf am ig`haga ms am krgf hlpdrtgfihg pgrg ufg mlprmsg yg qum rmauim idstds y lmjdrgr `ds prdimsds am prdauiihùf kmfmrgfad ig`haga mf m` çlehtd idlpmththvd kgrgfthzgfad gsì uf prdimsd mbhihmftm y kmfmrgfad `g sgthsbgiihùf am` i`hmftm. @g ig`haga sm cg idfvmrthad mf uf gspmitd am krgf hlpdrtgfihg amftrd am `gs drkgfhzgihdfms mf `ds ú`thlds g÷ds, pdr `d qum su hlpdrtgfihg cg shad rmidfdihag y sus ahrmitrhims cgf shad gp`higags mf krgf igfthaga am mlprmsgs, mstg gamlçs cg vmfhad mvd`uihdfgad mf `g eúsqumag am gspmitds qum pmrlhtgf lgydr irmihlhmftd am `gs mlprmsgs. @g lmjdrg idfthfug am` shstmlg am `g ig`haga am `g mlprmsg ms m` rmqumrhad pgrg ``mvgr`g g` èxhtd, rmg`hzgfad tdads `ds prdimsds mftrm m``ds. Qmfhmfad mf iumftg `ds rmquhshtds am` i`hmftm, sus fmimshagams y msbdrzgrsm mf mximamr `gs mxpmitgthvgs. _damlds idfi`uhr qum `g hlpdrtgfihg am hlp`mlmftgr uf shstmlg am kmsthùf am `g ig`haga, rgahig mf m` cmicd am qum shrvm am p`gtgbdrlg pgrg amsgrrd``gr mf `g drkgfhzgihùf ufg smrhm am githvhagams, prdimsds mfiglhfgads g `dkrgr qum `gs igrgitmrìsthigs am` prdauitd d am` smrvhihd iulp`gf idf `ds rmquhshtds am` i`hmftm, qum mf pdigs pg`gergs smgf am ig`haga, `d iug` dbrmim lgydrms pdsheh`hagams am qum smgf gaquhrhads pdr mstm, `dkrgfad gsì m` pdrimftgjm am vmftgs p`gfhbhigad pdr `g drkgfhzgihùf, `d qum rmpmriutm ahrmitglmftm mf `ds emfmbhihds am tdags `gs pgrtms hlp`higags.

78

 

2. 

Umbmrmfihgs Ehe`hdkrçbhigs

Imftrd am Msirhturg Jgvmrhgfd. (5?78). Fdrlgs G_G, smxtg mahihùf. Ig`h, Id`dlehg: _dfthbhihg ]fhvmrshaga Jgvmrhgfg, smiihdfg` Ig`h. Mstgaìsthigs mvg`ugihùf am amsmlpm÷d Hfkmfhmrìg Idfkgs. (5?57) KMU-LQZ-?2. (5?57). Lgtrhz _grtms hftmrmsgags. Hfkmfhmrìg Idfkgs CYMW-LQZ-7?. (5?57). Ymkuhlhmftd giihdfms idrrmithvgs, prmvmfthvgs y am lmjdrgr.  Fdrlg Qèifhig Id`dlehgfg. (5?7=). FQI HYD 8??7. Umquhshtds U mquhshtds Yhstmlgs am Kmsthùf am Ig`haga. Umiupmrgad am: cttp://www.lhfvhvhmfag.kdv.id/Adiulmfts/Yderm%5?m`%5?Lhfhstmrhd/Yhstmlgs-amKmsthdf/FQITHYDT8??7T5?7=.pab drkgfhkrglgs .  Udjgs, I. R. (5?5?). Mstruiturg drkgfhzgihdfg`, thpds am drkgfhzgihùf y drkgfhkrglgs.

Kmsthdpd`hs. Umiupmrgad am: cttps://www.kmsthdpd`hs.idl/mstruiturg-drkgfhzgihdfg`-thpdsdrkgfhzgihdf-drkgfhkrglgs/ Ymrrgtd, A. (5?57). ]fhaga 7: shstmlg am kmsthùf am ig`haga. Msium`g Id`dlehgfg am Igrrmrgs Hfaustrhg`ms, MIIH. Edkdtç A.I.

5?

 

;.  @hstg am bhkurgs  Bhkurg 7: Drkgfhkrglg mlprmsg Hfkmfhmrìg Idfkgs Y.G.Y……………………………….………3   Bhkurg 5: Lgpg am prdimsds am `g mlp rmsg Hfkmfhmrìg Idfkgs Y.G.Y………………………….. Y.G.Y…………………………...8

57

 

3.  @hstg am tge`gs Qge`g 7: Cg``gzkds am `g `hstg am icmqumd HYD-8??7- 5?7=……………………………………75  Qge`g 5: Lgtrhz ADBG…………………………………………………… ADBG…………………………………………………………………………71 ……………………71 

55

 

8.  Gfmxds Gfmxd 7: @hstg  @hstg am icmqumd HYD 8??7-5?7= Hfkmfhmrìg Idfkgs Y.G.Y  

59