Actividad de aprendizaje 15 Evidencia 5 Summary Export import theory.docx

Actividad de aprendizaje 15 Evidencia 5: Summary “Export -import theory” 

Contar con los conocimientos necesarios para realizar un proceso de exportación, requiere no solo de manejar habilidades lectoras para apropiar las normas y pasos a seguir, sino también comprender y extraer los aspectos más importantes de cada texto. Existen gran cantidad de textos referentes exportación e importación en inglés, por lo cual es necesario fortalecer las competencias en dicha lengua. Para reforzar lo mencionado, realice las siguientes actividades: 1. Lea el siguiente texto: E xport-Import xport-Import Theory  Theory 1  S etting up the bus ines in es s

Whether it is a new or existing export-import business, the legal form, or structure, will determine how the business is to be conducted, its tax liability, and other important considerations. Each form of business organization has its own advantages and disadvantages, and the entrepreneur has to select the one that best fulfills the goals of the entrepreneur and the business. Selection of an appropriate business organization is a task that requires accounting and legal expertise and should be done with the advice of a competent attorney or accountant.

Owners Owners hip s tructure tructure In this section, we examine different forms of business organizations: sole  proprietorships,  proprietorships, partnerships, partnerships, corporations, corporations, and and limited liability liability companies. companies.

1

Belay, S. (2009). Export-Import Theory, Practices, and Procedures . (2a ed.). New York: Routledge.

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 S ole propri pro pri etors hips hi ps  A sole proprietorship proprietorship is a firm owned and operated operated by one individual. individual. No separate legal entity exists. There is one principal in the business who has total control over all export-import operations and who can make decisions without consulting anyone. The major advantages of sole proprietorships are as follows:

1. They are easy to organize and simple to control. Establishing an exportimport business as sole proprietorship is simple and inexpensive and requires little or no government approval. approva l. At the state level, registration registrati on of the business name is required, while at the federal level, sole proprietors need to keep accurate accounting records and attach a profit or loss statement for the business when filing individual tax returns (Schedule C, Internal Revenue Service Form 1040). They must operate on a calendar year and can use the cash or accrual method of accounting.

2. They are more flexible to manage than partnerships or corporations. The owner makes all operational and management decisions concerning the business. The owner can remove money or other assets of the business without legal or tax consequences. He or she can also easily transfer or terminate the business.

3. Sole proprietorships are subject to minimal government regulations versus other business concerns.

4. The owner of a sole proprietorship is taxed as an individual, at a rate lower than the corporate income tax rate. Losses from the export import business

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 proprietors are also allowed to establish tax exempt retirement accounts. accounts. (Harper, 1991; Cheeseman, 2006a) The major disadvantage of running an export-import concern as a sole  proprietorship  proprietorship is the risk of unlimited liability. The owner is personally liable for the debts and other liabilities of the business. Insurance can be bought to  protect against these liabilities; however, if insurance protection protection is not sufficient to cover legal liability for defective products or debts, judgment creditors’ next recourse is the personal assets of the owner. Another disadvantage is that the proprietor’s access to capital is limited to personal funds plus any loans that can be obtained. In addition, very few individuals have all the necessary skills to run an export-import business, and the owner may lack certain skills. The business may also terminate upon the death or disability of the owner.

E s tabl tablis is hing an appropriat appropriate e busines bus ines s org anization: nization: pointers pointers

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Does the entrepreneur intend to be the sole owner of the export-import business? If not, how many people have an ownership interest?

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Does the entrepreneur need additional capital and/or expertise?

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What legal form provides the greatest flexibility for management?

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What legal form affords the most advantageous tax treatment for the business concern and individual entrepreneurs?

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Which legal structure is easy and less expensive to establish and subject to a low degree of government regulation?

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o

Which legal structure is the most appropriate in light of the goals and objectives of the export-import business? ( Belay, 2009).

2. Elabore una lista de vocabulario sobre el texto, mínimo de 15 palabras y

escriba su respectivo significado en inglés.

vocabulario

 Advantages:  Advantages: Circumstance  Circumstance or situation that gives superiority in something.

significado

Ventajas: Circunstancia o situación que da superioridad en alguna cosa.

Disadvantages: Circumstance of being worse Desventajas: Circunstancia de ser peor o or being in a worse situation one thing with estar en peor situación una cosa respecto a respect to others of the same nature with otras de la misma naturaleza con la que se which it is compared. Less favorable situation compara. Situación menos favorable en que se in which a person or thing is with respect to halla una persona o cosa respecto a otras con others with which it is compared. las que se compara.  Attorney: Person Person legally legally authorized authorized to advise advise  Abogado:  Abogado: Persona legalmente autorizada autorizada para and defend the rights and interests of another asesorar y defender los derechos e intereses person in legal matters and represent it in a de otra persona en materia jurídica y lawsuit. representarla en un pleito. Without: Indica falta o carencia de alguna Sin: Indicates lack or lack of something cosa material o inmaterial. material or immaterial. Proprietorships: Property rights Propietarios: Derecho de propiedad, en el In the right, the domain or property, is the derecho, el dominio o propiedad, es el poder direct and immediate power over an object or directo e inmediato sobre un objeto o bien, por good, by which is attributed to its owner the la que se atribuye a su titular la capacidad de ability to dispose of it, without further disponer del mismo, sin más limitaciones que limitations than those imposed by law. las que imponga la ley. Returns: The return is the act of giving Devoluciones: La devolución es el acto de something back to someone. It is a process entregar algo nuevamente a alguien. Es un that is based on a right of possession of a proceso de se sustenta en un derecho de certain person with respect to a certain good posesión de una determinada persona con that was delivered with some type of specific respecto a un determinado bien que fue objective. entregado con algún tipo de objetivo específico.  Applied: That puts effort, interest interest and  Aplicado:  Aplicado: Que pone pone esfuerzo, esfuerzo, interés y

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Loans: A Loans:  A loan is an operation operation by which which a financial institution puts at our disposal a certain amount of money through a contract.

Prestamos: Un Prestamos:  Un préstamo es una operación por la cual una entidad financiera pone a nuestra disposición una cantidad determinada de dinero mediante un contrato. Habilidades: La Habilidades:  La habilidad es la aptitud innata, talento, destreza o capacidad que ostenta una persona para llevar a cabo y por supuesto con éxito, determinada actividad, trabajo Pérdidas: Cantidad Pérdidas:  Cantidad pequeña de sangre o flujo procedente de la matriz que se expulsa anormalmente fuera del período menstrual. Sobre: Prefijo patrimonial de origen latino que entra en la formación de nombres con el

Skills: The ability is the innate aptitude, talent, skill or ability that a person holds to carry out and of course with success, certain activity, work Losses: Small amount of blood or discharge from the womb that is abnormally expelled outside of the menstrual period. Upon: Heritage prefix of Latin origin that enters the formation of names with the significado de ‘por encima de’, ‘además de’. meaning of 'above', 'besides'. Judgment: Faculty of understanding, by virtue Juicio: Facultad Juicio: Facultad del entendimiento, por cuya of which man can distinguish good from evil virtud el hombre puede distinguir el bien del and true from false. mal y lo verdadero de lo falso. Income: Amount of money earned or Ingresos: Cantidad Ingresos:  Cantidad de dinero ganada o collected. recaudada. Little: That has a smaller size than normal. Pequeño: Que Pequeño:  Que tiene un tamaño menor de lo normal. Sole: It applies to one or several things of Único: Se Único: Se aplica a una o varias cosas de las which or of whose species there are no cuales o de cuya especie no hay otras. others. 3. El texto sugerido al inicio de esta evidencia cuenta con varios párrafos, y al

interior de cada párrafo se encuentran varias ideas principales. Por favor, lea el material complementario “Identifying the main idea”  para  para conocer cómo se puede encontrar la idea principal en un párrafo escrito en inglés. MAIN IDEAS •

How to carry out a business

•

There are different forms of commercial organizations

•

The director controls all export and import operations

•

The sole proprietors are are simple and low in costs

•

The owners are in charge of making all the decisions

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•

The owners are responsible for their business

4. Luego de analizar el material complementario, por favor escriba las ideas

principales de cada párrafo, en presente p resente simple, en inglés. No haga transcripción literal de los párrafos. A continuación, transforme la oración a presente progresivo, también en inglés. Simple Present Tense

Present Progressive Tense

How to carries out a business

How to carriesing out a business

There's are different forms of commercial organizations The director controls all export and import operations The sole proprietors are simple and lows in costs The owners are in charges of make all the decisions The individual companies are governamental The individual owners have a lower rate than the tax rate The owners are responsible for their business

There's are differenting forms of commercial organizations The director controlling all export and import operations The sole proprietors are simple and low in costsing The owners are in charge of making ma king all the decisions The individual companying are governamental The individual owners having a lower rate than the tax rate The owners are responsible for their business

5. Organice las ideas en un solo resumen, de manera que se conecten

coherentemente, en 15 líneas. How to carry out an export and import business, in different forms of commercial organizations since the director controls all export and import operations, where the sole proprietors are simple and low in cost and make all the decisions in front of the business. Individual companies are governmental and have a lower rate than the tax rate, thus carrying the responsibility of the business Knowing well that each legal form in which the company has its legal bases will apply

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a better export or import in order to provide p rovide the company with better quality and good recognition at the international level and to conquer or reach large countries for its advertising and industry growth.