Actividad 5 Tabla Indicadores Económicos JUAN PABLO

 

RKGSBVUG@J@ UJFBU

Jetgvg`j` 2. Pjflj4 Gk`gej`mrbs bemkõagems.

KMAFVB @BL JLRAKM4 /:>/6>6>

 

Gkstrueegmkbs4 :. Vbvgsj bl vg`bm “Bk rbsuabk, ½eõam vjams=‑.

6. Vbvgsj bl sgtgm `b gktbrkbt "Açxgem, eõam vjams"4 Bspbeácgejabktb bl jpjrtj`m `bl "Ubaêmrm Bemkõagem"4 http4//www.abxgememamvjams.ax/gk`bx.php=s1sbeegmk&g`156 5. Gktborj bk uk `meuabktm bk _mr` ukj tjflj (euj`rm emapjrjtgvm) bk lj qub gktborbs ej`j ukm `b lms gk`gej`mrbs qub jhá sb bspbegcgejk4

   

j quç sb rbcgbrb quç mrtjlbzjs prbsbktj bk lj jetujlg`j`

 

quç êrbjs `b mpmrtukg`j` g`bktgcgejs pjrj ej`j ukm 0. Gkeluyb ukj emkelusgõk bk lj qub jrouabktbs4 ½Euêlbs smk lms prgkegpjlbs rbtms bemkõagems qub `bfbrê bkrbktjr Açxgem bk lms prõxgams júms= ½Eõam pm`bams jpmyjr j qub `gehms rbtms sb bkrbktbk `b mraj j`beuj`j=

 

ERJ@VM EMA^JVJPGSM

GK@GEJ@MVBU

ejrjetbrástgejs

mrtjlbzjs

EVBEGAGBKPM BEMKMAGEM

Bl `bsjrrmllm bemkõagem rbcgbrb jl juabktm pbrsgstbktb `bl fgbkbstjr `b ukj pmfljegõk, qub j su vbz `bpbk`b `bl gkerbabktm smstbkg`m `b lj prm`ueegõk

Lj bemkmaáj abxgejkj eubktj emk lj mrtjlbzj pjrj jlejkzjr ukj bxpjksgõk `bl ^rm`uetm Gktbrkm Frutm (^GF) `b 6.6% bstb júm, y `b 6.0% bk bl 6>:8, smstuvm lj Emagsgõk

jorboj`j trjvçs `blj tgbapm.

Bemkõagej pjrjy bl  Jaçrgej Ljtgkj Ejrgfb (Ebpjl).

Ejrjetbrástgejs `bl `bsjrrmllm bemkõagem4  Juabktm `bl ^FG Bl ^rm`uetm Frutm Gktbrkm bs uk gk`gej`mr bemkõagem

^jrj bllm tgbkb emam mrtjlbzjs ljs rbmrajs bstrueturjlbs yj jprmfj`js, qub rbprbsbktjk ukj lbogsljegõk jprmpgj`j qub

uk`jabktjl, qub ajrej bl vjlmr amkbtjrgm `b tm`ms lms fgbkbs y sbrvgegms cgkjlbs prm`ueg`ms bk uk pjás bk uk tgbapm `j`m. Eujk`m bxgstb uk smstbkg`m `bsjrrmllm

pub`b llbvjr j lj bemkmaáj abxgejkj j abdmrbs tjsjs `b erbegagbktm. ABVEJ@M CGKJKEGBVM. UMCGUPGEJEGMK BA^VBUJVGJL.

bemkõagem bl ^FG  JAFGBKPB AJEVMBEMKMAGE

êrbjs `b mpmrtukg`j` Ák`geb `b Emapbtgtgvg`j` Olmfjl (GEO) `bl _BC Açxgem jvjkzõ 3 luojrbs bk bl Ák`geb `b Emapbtgtgvg`j` Olmfjl (GEO) `bl Cmrm Bemkõagem Auk`gjl (_BC), jl pjsjr `b 2? lj j lj pmsgegõk 2: `b :58 pjásbs jkjlgzj`ms bk bl Vbpmrtb `b Emapbtgtgvg`j` Olmfjl 6>:3 ― 6>:?, rbspbetm `b lj b`gegõk jktbrgmr. Bs lj abdmr pmsgegõk y ejlgcgejegõk qub jlejkzj Açxgem `bs`b 6>>3 bk bl qub bl _BC bstjflbegõ lj abtm`mlmoáj jetujl. Açxgem mraj pjrtb `bl tmp 5 `b  Jaçrgej Ljtgkj y bl Ejrgfb, `bspuçs `b Ehglb (55) y ^jkjaê (06).

 

erbeb.  Juabktm `bl gkorbsm m rbktj pbr eêpgtj Bstb gk`gej`mr bemkõagem rbprbsbktj bl prm`uetm frutm gktbrkm (^FG) `gvg`g`m lj ejktg`j` tmtjl `b hjfgtjktbs `b ukj kjegõk. Bk lms pjásbs emk jltm erbegagbktm `bamorêcgem bl ^FG `bfb erbebr j ukj tjsjpjrj jôk ajymr, pbragtgr bl `bsjrrmllm bemkõagem. Gapmrtjkegj `b lj prm`ueegõk gk`ustrgjl Bk obkbrjl lj jetgvg`j` gk`ustrgjl tgbkb uk bbetm aultgplgej`mr smfrb lj bemkmaáj, `b am`m qub bs bstj lj jetgvg`j` qub aês bapudj hjegj bl `bsjrrmllm bemkõagem.

M. Ák`geb `b Emapbtgtgvg`j` Auk`gjl `bl GA@ Açxgem juabktõ su ejlgcgejegõk bk bl GA@ 6>:3, jl pjsjr `b 3>.75 j 35.60, emk rbspbetm jl júm jktbrgmr. Ugk bafjrom, fjdõ 3 pmsgegmkbs ufgeêk`msb bk bl luojr 02 `b 3: pjásbs. Bs bl 6´ pjás `b  Jaçrgej abdmr Ljtgkj pmsgegmkj`m, `bspuçs `b Ehglb (53), y pmr bkegaj `b Emlmafgj (2:), ^brô (20),  Jrobktgkj (22), Frjsgl (2?) y Sbkbzublj (3:). Ák`geb `b

Ejafgms bk lj

Cjeglg`j` pjrj Hjebr Kbomegms `bl Fjkem Auk`gjl Açxgem abdmrõ su ejlgcgejegõk bk lj b`gegõk 6>:?, jl pjsjr `b 8?.>: j ?6.67, emk rbspbetm jl júm jktbrgmr. Ugk bafjrom,

bstrueturj smegjl Bk ljs bemkmaájs

rbtrmeb`gõ 6 pmsgegmkbs

 

ufgeêk`msb bk bl luojr 0? `b :7> pjásbs bvjluj`ms.

`bsjrrmllj`js sb prm`ueb uk erbegagbktm `b lj eljsb ab`gj, bk lj qub bstêk gksbrtms lj

Ub ajktgbkb bk lj abdmr pmsgegõk `b  Jaçrgej Ljtgkj, supbrjk`m j Emlmafgj (luojr 25), ^brô (20), Ehglb (2?), Emstj Vgej (36),  Jrobktgkj (::3) y Frjsgl (:65).

ajymrájqub `b lms sudbtms smstgbkbk bl sgstbaj bemkõagemprm`uetgvm fjsj`m bk bl emksuam pbrajkbktb `b fgbkbs y sbrvgegms, auehjs vbebs

 Jetujlabktb sb emksg`brjk emam mpmrtukg`j`bs emabregjlbs bk Açxgem ukj sbrgb `b sbetmrbs fjstjktb `gvbrsgcgej`ms emam smk lms sbetmrbs `b sbrvgegms cgkjkegbrms, cgktbeh, egu`j`bs gktblgobktbs y

ab`gjktb abejkgsams `b erç`gtm. Ajymr jeebsm j lj sjlu` y b`uejegõk Goujl`j` `b mpmrtukg`j`bs  Jusbkegj `b

amvglg`j`, gkobkgbráj, jbrmkêutgej, jutmamtrgz, emapmkbktbs `b jutmamegõk, rjkqugegjs, sbetmr sjlu`.

kbebsg`j`bs fêsgejs gksjtgsbehjs

GKCLJEGM K

^m`bams `bcgkgr

Ljs mrtjlbzjs `bl

Lj gkcljegõk

lj gkcljegõk emam bl gkerbabktm `b

pjás ufgejk bl fubksb `bsbapbúm

obkbrjl bk bk Açxgem jeblbrjráj lm

 

prbegms qub sb prm`ueb bk lms fgbkbs m sbrvgegms `urjktb uk `btbragkj`m pbrgm`m `b

`bl emksuam prgvj`m, `bl erç`gtm j ljs baprbsjs y lj gkcljegõk fjdj.

Umfrb bl emksuam `btjllõ qub tjktm tgbapm. Pjafgçk ljs egrjs mcgegjlbs lj pm`bams `b vbktjs jl `bcgkgr emam lj `bprbegjegõk `bl abku`bm y ljs `b vjlmr `bl `gkbrm. mrojkgsams prgvj`ms emam lj  J ajymr gkcljegõk, abkms  Jktj`, rbclbdjk ukj fgbkbs pm`bams `gkêagej gapmrtjktb `bl emksuagr emk lj agsaj ejktg`j` ojstm `bl emksuag`mr `b `gkbrm.  Jloukjs ejrjetbrástgejs smk obkbrjlbs bk eujlqugbr tgpm `b gkcljegõk.

qub rbstj `bl júm pjrj ebrrjr 6>6> bk uk 0% jkujl, lm qub rb`ueb bl ajrobk `b ajkgmfrj jl fjkem ebktrjlaês pjrj rbjlgzjr rbemrtbs j su tjsj mfdbtgvm, `gdm Fjki m Jabrgej bk uk rbpmrtb bstb vgbrkbs. Vb`uegr lj ajsj amkbtjrgj, pmrqub jl hjfbr abkms amkb`j bk

Bxebsm `b lj `bajk`j `b prm`uetms y sbrvgegms, prm`ueg`j pmr lj ejktg`j` `b

egreuljegõk (abkms mbrtj `b `gkbrm) juabktj su vjlmr. @gsagkuegõk `bl ojstm pôflgem4 sg lj j`agkgstrjegõk “ojstj‑ abkms emktrgfuyb j lj `gsagkuegõk `b `bajk`j `b fgbkbs y sbrvgegms.

`gkbrm qub bstê bk egreuljegõk.  Juabktm `bl emstb `b prm`ueegõk. Ub prm`ueb emam emksbeubkegj `bl juabktm `bl prbegm `b lj ajtbrgj prgaj. Gkerbabktm `b lms gapubstms,

Lj `gsagkuegõk `b lj `bajk`j hjrê qub lms prbegms fjdj. Vbmraj trgfutjrgj y prbvgsgmkjl. Bxbkegmkbs gapmsgtgvjs j baprbsjs qub vbkojk j gkvbrtgr y emkstrugr

`bfg`m j lj

baplbm.

 

prbejrgb`j` `b lj bemkmaáj. Ljs smluegmkbs j bstms prmflbajs sb `bfbk tmajr j kgvbl bemkõagem

Vbkbomegjegõk `b `bu`j emk bl CAG y fmkms smfbrjkms.

ybvgtjr pmlátgem pjrj uk bxebsm `b `gkbrm bk egreuljegõk y emktbkbr bl juabktm `bl emstb `b prm`ueegõk. Bs gapmrtjktb emktrmljr j tgbapm lj gkcljegõk, pjrj bvgtjr uk fuelb bemkõagem pbrdu`gegjl pjrj bl pjás. ^VM@REPGSG@J@ ^rm`uetgvg`j` bs prm`uegr aês emk lms agsams rbeursms. Obkbrjlabktb sb ag`b emam bl gkerbabktm `b lj prm`ueegõk qub km pub`b bxplgejrsb pmr ajymr jeuauljegõk `b rbeursms. Ugk bafjrom, tjafgçk pub`b ab`grsb emk uk bkmqub purjabktb ljfmrjl4 lm qub uk trjfjdj`mr pub`b prm`uegr emk ukj

Bk lm qub rbspbetj jl rbsultj`m mftbkg`m bspbeácgejabktb pjrj ej`j ukm `b lms :6 pgljrbs, mfsbrvjams qub Açxgem rbogstrj

@bktrm `b bstb gkmrab, bk bl jpjrtj`m emrrbspmk`gbktb jl `gjokõstgem `b kubstrm pjás, bl rbsultj`m obkbrjl jpuktj j qub

ukj abdmr ejlgcgejegõk bk lm qub emkegbrkb jl Pjajúm `b su abrej`m (::), Bl `bsjrrmllm `bl abrej`m cgkjkegbrm (52) y lj Umcgstgejegõk baprbsjrgjl (02), agbktrjs qub, bk emktrjstb, su pbmr pmsgegõk sb ufgej

Açxgem sufb jl 2:´ luojr, gapulsj`m prgkegpjlabktb pmr ljs ojkjkegjs bk lj bcgegbkegj `bl abrej`m. Lj emapbtbkegj kjegmkjl y bxtrjkdbrj bk bl abrej`m `b fgbkbs abdmrj sgokgcgejtgvjabkt 

 

hmrj `b su trjfjdm.

bk bl rufrm `b Gkstgtuegmkbs (::3), lj Bcgegbkegj `bl Ljs pbrsmkjs qub abrej`m `bl tgbkbk ukj fubkj trjfjdm (:>2) y bk prm`uetgvg`j` bl pgljr `b Ujlu` y `gjrgj, bk emaôk tgbkbk auehms jetmrbs. Bl prgabrm bs sjfbr prgmrgzjr lm qub rbjlabktb bs gapmrtjktb pjrj euaplgr ljs abtjs y mfdbtgvms. ^mr mtrm lj`m lj

b, rbclbdjk`m lms rbsultj`ms `b lj emapbtbkegj y ljs rbmrajs `b lj pmlátgej emabregjl. Lms

`b b`uejegõk trjfjdm hjk emk (?0). prgajrgj abrej`ms gapulsj`m lj clbxgfglg`j` y lms gkebktgvms, y lms abrej`ms cgkjkegbrms hjk abdmrj`m lj jsbqugfglg`j`. Lj b`uejegõk prgajrgj emktgkôj sgbk`m ukj

pljkgcgejegõk `áj j `áj bs `bl uk`jabktjl pjrj pm`br llbvjr uk mr`bk `b ljs jetgvg`j`bs y tbkbr ukj agrj`j y ukj pbrspbetgvj `b lj sgtujegõk, `bspbdjk bl ejagkm `b

`bfglg`j` emapbtgtgvj sgokgcgejtgvj emapjrj`j emk lms lá`brbs rbogmkjlbs y olmfjlbs, y lj `bfglg`j` `b lj emapbtgtgvg`j` emapjrj`j emk lms lá`brbs rbogmkjlbs y

pmsgflbs mfstêeulms gk`bsbj`ms.

olmfjlbs, y lj ejlg`j` gkstgtuegmkjl bstê rbzjoj`j. Lj bemkmaáj abxgejkj sb hj vgstm jbetj`j pmr lj ejá`j `b lms prbegms `bl pbtrõlbm, lj `bfglg`j` `bl emabregm auk`gjl y lj emksgougbktb

Mtrm puktm uk`jabktjl, bs lj `gsegplgkj, smk pbrsmkjs jltjabktb bkmej`js j lm qub hjebk, yj qub sjfbk qub bl tgbapm bs lgagtj`m y

 

ejá`j `b lj prm`ueegõk gk`ustrgjl. Pjafgçk sb jcgraj qub kubstrm pjás sgoub

`gspmkbk `b uk pbrám`m lgagtj`m pjrj pm`br sjejr bl abdmr fbkbcgegm.

@BUBA^BK M @B LJU BX^MVPJEGMKBU

 Jl `b lm sgbk`m ukj aês `b ljs qubemktrjrgm sb pgbksj, bemkmaájs smk pbrsmkjs emk emapbtgtgvjs bk lj uk jltm sbktg`m rbogõk `b Jaçrgej erátgem, ejpjebs Ljtgkj, y bstê `b sjfbr eujk`m jvjkzjk`m bk jlom lm bstêk jloukms `b lms rbjlgzjk`m `b amtmrbs ajl m fubkj uk`jabktjlbs `b ajkbrj. lj prmspbrg`j`. Cmabktjr ljs @bamorjcáj  J kgvbl kjegmkjl, bxpmrtjegmkbs bs :: Açxgem bs bl ::´ sbr rbspmksjflbs lmorjr qub lms prm`uetms hbehms bk Açxgem sb vbk`jk aês bk bl bxtrjkdbrm pmrqub smk jtrjetgvms pjrj lms emksuag`mrbs gktbrkjegmkjlbs pmr su ejlg`j` y prbegm.

pjás bl aês pmflj`m y abrej`m hgspjkmhjfljktb aês orjk`b `bl auk`m. :65.7 agllmkbs `b hjfgtjktbs emk uk fmkm `bamorêcgem `b 0> agllmkbs bktrb

`b bxpmrtjr bl lms :5% `b tm`ms fgbkbs gapmrtj`ms qub sb emksuabk bk Bstj`ms Rkg`ms (BB.RR.). Ub emksg`brj BB.RR. pmrqub bs bl prgkegpjl smegm emabregjl `b Açxgem, sgk

Ljs gk`ustrgjs bxpmrtj`mrjs jtrjbk emk ajymr jeglg`j` kubvjs tbekmlmoájs y hjfglg`j`bs qub obkbrjk jprbk`gzjdb, gkkmvjegõk y erbegagbktm bemkõagem. Jsá agsam, prm`uegr

:2 y 52 júms. : 5.6% Pjsj `b `bsbaplbm `b lj pmfljegõk bemkõagejabktb jetgvj. Lj aês fjdj bk lms ôltgams :: júms. ^mfljegõk Bemkõagejabktb  Jetgvj 1 20.? agllmkbs

bafjrom, uk erbegagbktm `b ljs bxpmrtjegmkbs qub j su vbz `gvbrsgcgejrj smegms emabregjlbs tbk`ráj gapjetms gkelusm aês pmsgtgvms. ^jrj emkmebr quç pmrebktjdb `b ljs gapmrtjegmkbs `b

 

pjrj abrej`ms gktbrkjegmkjlbs pbragtb obkbrjr bemkmaájs `b bsejlj, agkgagzjr emstms

2 Meupjegõk : Lj `bu`j `bl omfgbrkm `b Açxgem rbprbsbktj lj agtj` `bl ^GF. Lj ::´ aês fjdj

BR smk abxgejkjs utglgzjams `jtms `b gapmrtjegmkbs `bl Ebksus Furbju `bl @bpjrtjabktm `b

ybaprbsjs bvgtjr qub ljs `bpbk`jk emaplbtjabktb `bl abrej`m `maçstgem pjrj tbkbr utglg`j`bs. ^jrj qub lj bxpmrtjegõk emktrgfuyj jl `bsjrrmllm bemkõagem bs

bktrb lms pjásbs `b lj ME@B. 8 CGKJKTJU ^ÔFLGEJU UJKJU 6 Açxgem bstê auy pmr `bfjdm `b lms pjásbs `b lj ME@B qub tgbkbk uk gapubstm smfrb lj rbktj prmab`gm `bl 53%.

Emabregm BB.RR. emk`b pbrgm`geg`j` abksujl.

kbebsjrgm qub obkbrb baplbms fgbk rbaukbrj`ms y `brrjaj bemkõagej bk Açxgem.

6>:3 6>.:% ? EJVOJ CGUEJL 6 :6´ pjás emk ljs rbsbrvjs gktbrkjegmkjlbs aês orjk`bs4 :?6 agl agllmkbs `b `õljrbs. fgllmkbs `b `õljrbs ^GF 1 :.: :2 Bemkmaáj 5 Bstjfglg`j` ajermbemkõagej ^jrj bl 6>3>, Açxgem sb emkvbrtgrê bk lj ?ª bemkmaáj aês orjk`b `bl auk`m. 6>:? ´ 6 :

 

5 Lms gkorbsms pmr gapubstms rbprbsbktjk bl 2?.3% `bl tmtjl `bl gkorbsm prbsupubstjrgm `bl bstj`m, emk uk gkerbabktm `b lj fjsb trgfutjrgj `bl 6>% bktrb 6>:6-6>:?. EJ^JEG@J@ @B VBEJR@JEGõK 7 PVGFRPJVGJ 8 Lj bemkmaáj abxgejkj bs prgkegpjlabktb gapulsj`j pmr lms sbrvgegms, pbrm tjafgçk bs ukj pmtbkegj ajkujeturbrj. ^jrtgegpjegõk sbetmrgjl bk bl ^GF4 ^rgajrgm 5.5% Ubeuk`jrgm 5>.7% Pbregjrgm 32.?% ^VGKEG^JLBU 0  JEPGSG@J@BU BEMKÕAGEJU : : 6 5 Rfgej`m bk Kmrtbjaçrgej, Açxgem bs uk pubktb kjturjl bktrb lms prgkegpjlbs meçjkms, bl  Jtlêktgem y bl

 

^jeácgem. Açxgem bs bl 6´ pjás bk Jaçrgej Ljtgkj emk abdmr ejlg`j` `b su gkrjbstrueturj. Bl 6´ pjásyemk ejagkms bl aês 5´ emk aês vájs çrrbjs. ^msgegõk obmorêcgej bstrjtçogej b gkrjbstrueturj 6 :,:>  Jlrb`b`mr `bl 32% `b ljs bxpmrtjegmkbs abxgejkjs smk prm`uetms ab`gjkj m `b jltj tbekmlmoáj. Aês `bl ?>% `b ljs bxpmrtjegmkbs `b Jaçrgej Ljtgkj bk jltj tbekmlmoáj sb mrgogkjk bk Açxgem. ?>% ^MPBKEGJ AJKRCJEPRVBVJ RKJ BEMKMAÁJ  JFGBVPJ 3 7 Açxgem tgbkb ukj rb` `b jeubr`ms `b lgfrb emabregm emk jeebsm prbbrbkegjl j 03 pjásbs, qub rbprbsbktjk aês `b :,2>> agllmkbs `b elgbktbs y bl 35%

 

`bl ^GF olmfjl. Lj cgraj `bl E^P^^ bk 6>:8 japlgjrê jôk aês bstb jeebsm. Açxgem eljsgcgeõ emam bl aês :3´ `bstgkm jtrjetgvm `b GB@ bk tm`m bl auk`m bk 6>:3. Açxgem bs bl 6´ ajymr rbebptmr `b GB@ bk Jaçrgej Ljtgkj y bl Ejrgfb. @BUPGKM  JPVJEPGSM ^JVJ LJ GKSBVUGÕK 0 Vbmrajs eljvb bk jeegõk4  Bkbroáj   Pblbemaukgejegmkb s Emapbtbkegj bemkõagej Cgkjkegbrj VBCMVAJU BUPVREPRVJLBU ^JVJ GKEVBABKPJV LJ EMA^BPGPGSG@J@4 B`uejtgvj Lmoástgej Hjebk`jrgj Ljfmrjl 3 Açxgem meupj bl 07´ luojr `b :7> pjásbs emam ukj `b ljs

 

abdmrbs bemkmaájs pjrj hjebr kbomegms. CJEGLG@J@ ^JVJ HJEBV KBOMEGMU 07 :´ bk Jaçrgej Ljtgkj y supbrj j bemkmaájs emam4 Fçlogej - 26 Ehgkj - ?8 2 Açxgem meupj bl 8´ luojr emam bl `bstgkm turástgem aês vgsgtj`m `bl auk`m, emk aês `b 52 agllmkbs vgsgtjktbs`b sõlm bk 6>:?. @BUPGKM PRVÁUPGEM @BUPJEJ@M ? 8 Açxgem bs bl :0´ ajymr bxpmrtj`mr auk`gjl emk 0>7 agl a`` bk

^MFVBTJ LJFMVJL

Lj pmfrbzj ljfmrjl bs ukj sgtujegõk bk lj qub bl gkorbsm ljfmrjl `b uk

6>:?. ^rgkegpjlbs `bstgkms4 -Bstj`ms Rkg`ms ?7.8% -Ejkj`ê 6.8% -Jlbajkgj :.?% -Ehgkj :.3% @b jeubr`m emk lj Ebpjl, ukm `b lms jetmrbs qub bxplgejk bl bstjkejagbktm `bl

Abdmrj `bl jeebsm j sbrvgegms fêsgems. Gkerbabktjams bl jeebsm j abdmrbs

 

hmojr km bs sucgegbktb pjrj jlgabktjr j tm`ms sus agbafrms. Hmojrbs bk

jltm kgvbl `b pmfrbzj bk kubstrm pjás bs “lj pmfrbzj `bl sjljrgm aákgam‑. Bl agsam mrojkgsam jpuktj

sbrvgegms `b jouj pmtjflb y sbourj, sjkbjagbktm fêsgem y vgvgbk`j `gokj. Kubstrj ljfmr bvgtj

pmfrbzj ljfmrjl pub`bk lmorjr jlgabktjrsb j pjrtgr `b gkorbsms km ljfmrjlbs emam rbabsjs, trjksbrbkegjs m jeebsm j prmorjajs smegjlbs. Lj pmfrbzj `bfb

qub lj “tbk`bkegj obkbrjl `b lms sjljrgms ab`gms bk  Jaçrgej Ljtgkj hj sg`m `b erbegagbktm rbjl, jukqub auy am`bstm bk lms ejsms `b Açxgem y Kgejrjouj‑. Ugrvj emam bvg`bkegj qub bktrb 6>>0 y 6>::, lj gkeg`bkegj

bkbrab`j`bs emk`gegmkbs `by hjegkjagbktm, pmr lm qub abdmrj bl fgbkbstjr cásgem y psgemlõogem `b ljs pbrsmkjs. Lm qub sb ajkgcgbstj bk bl `bsjrrmllm plbkm `b ej`j gktborjktb `b lj jaglgj.

blgagkjrsb pmrqub obkbrj uk egelm vgegmsm bk bl qub pmr jltj `b rbeursms lms gk`gvg`ums km pub`bk jeeb`br j jlgabktms, b`uejegõk, trjkspmrtb y pmr tjktm, km pub`bk obkbrjr rbeursms

`b pmfrbzj bk  Jpmyjams bl Açxgem `berbegõ smlm `b 05 j 0: pmr gkerbabktm `b lj bspbrjkzj y egbktm. ^ub`b `bsprbk`brsb `b lm ejlg`j` `b vg`j Uboôk `jtms `bl jktbrgmr qub ljs Emksbdm Kjegmkjl pmlátgejs `b ^mfljegõk jsgstbkegjlbs, qub sb prjetgejk `bs`b (EMKJ^M), bl 2?% `b lj pmfljegõk bl prmorjaj gk`áobkj `b emkmeg`m emam Açxgem tgbkb Umlg`jrg`j` hjstj

pjrj sjlgr `b bstj bl vgobktb lljaj`m sgtujegõk. ^rmspbrj km rbsublvbk lj ljebrjktb pmfrbzj bk lj qub sb bkeubktrj suabrog`j orjk pjrtb `bl pjás.

jeebsm j jtbkegõk aç`gej j trjvçs `b gkstgtuegmkbs pôflgejs. Ojrjktgzjr bl jeebsm j lms sbrvgegms `b sjlu` pôflgej qub jeglgtbk lj AJWMV PVJFJDM. prbvbkegõk y trjtjagbktm ABDMVBU URBL@MU. mpmrtukm `b pj`begagbktms

 

FBEJU J BUPR@GJKPBU.

`gvbrsms, jvmrbeb bl juabktm `b lj bspbrjkzj `b vg`j `b ljs pbrsmkjs. Rkj smegb`j` emk jeebsm j lj sjlu`, abdmrj su ubrzj `b trjfjdm, lm qub mrtjlbeb bl lmorm `b ljs jetgvg`j`bs bemkõagejs `b ljs emaukg`j`bs. Mtmrojams ljs jeglg`j`bs pjrj bl jeebsm j lj b`uejegõk prgajrgj ukgvbrsjl Ljs emk`gegmkbs `b ajrogkjegõk qub vgvbk auehjs emaukg`j`bs rurjlbs mflgojk j sus hjfgtjktbs j agorjr bk fusej `b abdmrbs mpmrtukg`j`bs bemkõagejs. Ugtujegõk qub mrgllj j auehms dõvbkbs j `bdjr sus bstu`gms gkemkelusms4 bktrb lms hmafrbs `bfg`m j lj kbebsg`j` `b smstbkbr j sus jaglgjs y bk bl ejsm `b ljs audbrbs, pmr `jr gkgegm j ukj ajtbrkg`j` bk

 

b`j` tbaprjkj. 70% `b ljs audbrbs gk`áobkjs lmorjk emkelugr lms bstu`gms `b kgvbl prgajrgj, jukqub bstm km ojrjktgzj qub pub`jk jeeb`br j kgvblbs supbrgmrbs `b b`uejegõk, pubs sõlm bl 5% `b blljs lmorjk tbkbr bstu`gms prmbsgmkjlbs m ukgvbrsgtjrgms. Bl trjfjdm qub rbjlgzj lj gkstgtuegõk prmaubvb, j trjvçs `bl ^rmorjaj `b B`uejegõk, qub lms dõvbkbs, pbrm prgkegpjlabktb ljs audbrbs, emktgkôbk bstu`gjk`m. Ug qugbrbs emkmebr aês smfrb bstb prmorjaj `j elge jquá (lgoj j prmorjaj `b b`uejegõk bk lj pêogkj wbf) Gkebktgvjams lj obkbrjegõk `b baplbms b gkorbsms Bktrb lms pubflms gk`áobkjs bxgstbk

 

jltms ák`gebs `b `gsergagkjegõk pjrj lj gksbregõk ljfmrjl bk lms sbetmrbs bemkõagems `b ajkujeturj y sbrvgegms. Bstjs smk prêetgejabktb ljs ôkgejs êrbjs j ljs qub tgbkbk mpmrtukg`j` `b jeeb`br `j`j su prbpjrjegõk bsemljr. Lj prgkegpjl rjzõk pmr lj eujl smk bxelug`ms bs qub smk emksg`brj`ms gk`gvg`ums pmem prbpjrj`ms m km jptms pjrj `bsjrrmlljr tjrbjs `b jltj rbspmksjfglg`j`. Bk Sjams j @jr, hbams gaplbabktj`m prmybetms qub gkeluybk lj ejpjegtjegõk `b lms agbafrms `b ljs jaglgjs. Emk bstj jetgvg`j` prmamvbams lj obkbrjegõk `b gkorbsms bemkõagems, lm qub jeglgtj bl bapm`brjagbktm pbrsmkjl y jpmyj

 

bl `bsjrrmllm bemkõagem `b ljs jaglgjs gk`áobkjs ajzjhujs. ^rmamvbams bl usm rbspmksjflb `b lms rbeursms kjturjlbs Bl 6>% `b lj pmfljegõk qub hjfgtj lms pjásbs bemkõagejabktb aês `bsjrrmllj`ms, emksuab bl 8>% `b lms rbeursms kjturjlbs `bl pljkbtj. ^mr mtrm lj`m, lj pmfljegõk aês vulkbrjflb tgbkb uk jeebsm lgagtj`m j lms rbeursms kjturjlbs emam bl jouj, fmsqubs, agkbrjlbs, bktrb mtrms9 bstj sgtujegõk prgvj j ljs emaukg`j`bs

JEEBUM JL EJ^GPJL

Bl jeebsm jl erç`gtm bs lj

Bk lj jetujlg`j`, Açxgem bs ukm `b

rurjlbs `bl jeebsm j sus ubktbs `b jlgabktm y trjfjdm, lm qub jbetj km ôkgejabktb j lj bemkmaáj lmejl sgkm tjafgçk prmaubvb bl ejafgm elgaêtgem olmfjl Erç`gtm bqugvjlbktb jl

 

pmsgfglg`j` `b j`qugrgr rbeursms pjrj baprbk`br, gkvbrtgr m japlgjr uk

lms prgkegpjlbs rbebptmrbs `b Gkvbrsgõk Bxtrjkdbrj @grbetj (GB@). Emk aês `b 6?,0>> a`` bk

:>>% `bl ^GF, sgagljr jl qub `b jeubr`m j `jtms `bl Fjkem Auk`gjl pmsbbk ljs bemkmaájs `b

kbomegm. mftgbkb jlUbab`gr bl tjajúm `bl erç`gtm fjkejrgm y km fjkejrgm. Bl tbkbr jeebsm jl erç`gtm pbragtb lj gkvbrsgõk bk lj erbjegõk `b kubvjs baprbsjs y lj rbgkvbrsgõk pjrj juabktjr lj

6>:3, blsbxtm pjás ub bl `çegam rbebptmr `b GB@ aês gapmrtjktb j kgvbl olmfjl y ukj `b ljs ? bemkmaájs aês jtrjetgvjs pjrj gkvbrtgr bk bl pbrgm`m 6>:?6>:7, `b jeubr`m j RKEPJ@.

gkorbsms Bl erç`gtmab`gms. `bfb mtmrojrsb emk rbspmksjfglg`j`, bkmeêk`mlm bk prmybetms prm`uetgvms qub pbragtjk rbeupbrjr lj gkvbrsgõk y km smlm bk emksuam. Emam ab`g`j `b

prm`uetgvg`j` `b Goujlabktb, Açxgem bs uk pjás lá`br bk ljs baprbsjs yj bxpmrtjegmkbs `b bstjflbeg`js. ajkujeturj jvjkzj`j, mrbeb uk jafgbktb ajermbemkõagem bstjflb, frgk`j ebrtg`uafrb durá`gej j lj gkvbrsgõk y eubktj emk ejpgtjl huajkm ejlgcgej`m. J`baês, mrbeb vbktjdjs emapbtgtgvjs tjkogflbs rbktb j mtrjs jltbrkjtgvjs `b gkvbrsgõk `b  Jaçrgej, Jsgj y Burmpj. Bl pjás pjsõ `b sbr uk bxpmrtj`mr `b pbtrõlbm y ajkujeturjs

erç`gtm utglgzjams bl erç`gtm fjkejrgm y prgkegpjlbs ubktbs jltbrkjtgvjs `b bk`bu`jagbktm `bl sbetmr prgvj`m `bl pjás, bk pbsms.

 

sgaplbs bk lms júms mehbktj j sbr ukm `b lms prm`uetmrbs `b ajkujeturj jvjkzj`j aês emapbtgtgvms. Bk :783, qub Açxgemjúm sb j`hgrgõ jl Jeubr`m Obkbrjl smfrb Jrjkeblbs  J`ujkbrms y Emabregm (OJPP), bl pjás bxpmrtõ pmem aês `b 6>,>>> agllmkbs `b `õljrbs, `b lms eujlbs ebrej `b 5>% ubrmk

@BR@J ^RFLGEJ

Lj `bu`j pôflgej smk lms prçstjams tmtjlbs, gktbrkms y bxtbrkms,

pbtrõlbm y sus `brgvj`ms. Bk lj jetujlg`j`, bl 72% `b ljs bxpmrtjegmkbs `bl pjás smk prm`uetms km pbtrmlbrms. : `b ej`j ? bxpmrtjegmkbs ajkujeturbrjs `b Ljtgkmjaçrgej tgbkbk su mrgobk bk Açxgem. J`baês, bl pjás bs bl prgkegpjl bxpmrtj`mr bktrb ljs kjegmkbs `bl O6> `b ajkujeturj `b ab`gj y jltj tbekmlmoáj, emam pmrebktjdb `bl ^GF. Rkj `b ljs  J kgvbl kjegmkjl mrtjlbzjs `b lj fusejams uk pmlátgej `b erç`gtm erbegagbktm pôflgem bs bl fubk am`brj`m `b lj jeebsm qub sb `bu`j. Bs `begr,

 

emktrjá`ms pmr bl sbetmr pôflgem emk bl cgk `b sjtgsjebr sus kbebsg`j`bs `b ojstm.

ajktgbkb j lms abrej`ms gktbrkjegmkjlbs `b ejpgtjl. Bk bstb jspbetm rbsultj gapmrtjktb lj

ukj sgtujegõk bk lj qub lj vjrgjegõk jkujl `b lj `bu`j kbtj `bl sbetmr pôflgem b`brjl km sbj ajymr j lj

Lj `bu`j bs pjrj uk abejkgsam obkbrjr mfrj pôflgej b gkvbrsgõk qub km `bfb sbr jfusj`m. Lj `bu`j bs pmsgtgvj sg sb utglgzj pjrj cgkjkegjr prmybetms `b gkvbrsgõk qub km

bagsgõk bl Omfgbrkmqub Cb`brjl rbjlgzõ bk bl abs `b jfrgl `b uk kubvm fmkm `b rbbrbkegj bk burms j :>> júms, pmr uk tmtjl `b : agl 2>> agllmkbs `b burms, jprmxgaj`jabktb : agl 36> agllmkbs

vjrgjegõk jkujl `bl ^GF j prbegms emrrgbktbs. J kgvbl bstjtjl fusejams qub hjyj rb`ueegmkbs bk ljs mflgojegmkbs cgkjkegbrjs `b ljs bktg`j`bs b`brjtgvjs emam pmrebktjdb `bl ^GFB pmr bktg`j`

pub`bk sbr cgkjkegj`ms pmr lj gkgegjtgvj prgvj`j pbrm qub obkbrjk fbkbcgegms pjrj lms egu`j`jkms. Ugk bafjrom, `bfb eug`jrsb su erbegagbktm yj qub ukj `bu`j `bajsgj`m jltj obkbrj `bsemkcgjkzj pmr pjrtb `b gkvbrsgmkgstjs `b ajkbrj qub, sg ljs tjsjs `b gktbrçs sufbk `b mraj jfruptj, bl omfgbrkm pu`gbrj vbrsb gkejpjegtj`m pjrj pjojrlj. @bu`j pôflgej

`b `õljrbs j lj behj `b emlmejegõk. Bstj ub lj prgabrj bagsgõk smfbrjkj bk bl abrej`m bk burms j :>> júms. Cgkjlabktb, bs gapmrtjktb `bstjejr qub ljs emk`gegmkbs `b emstm y pljzm mftbkg`js bk bstj mpbrjegõk rbjlgzj`j bk lms abrej`ms gktbrkjegmkjlbs rbprbsbktjrmk bl cgkjkegjagbktm `b abkmr emstm mftbkg`m pmr bl Omfgbrkm Cb`brjl bk sus eujtrm bagsgmkbs jl pljzm `b :>> júms,

b`brjtgvj, bstb `jtm bs ejleulj`m pmr lj UHE^ emk gkmrajegõk prmpmregmkj`j pmr ljs Bktg`j`bs Cb`brjtgvjs.

 

  Umk tm`js ljs mflgojegmkbs gksmlutjs `bl sbetmr pôflgem emktrjá`js bk

lm eujl rbclbdj lj japlgj jebptjegõk `b lms gkstruabktms `b `bu`j bagtg`ms pmr bl Omfgbrkm

mraj y lj trjvçs `grbetj `b sus m j Cb`brjl emkcgjkzj jobktbs `b lms cgkjkegbrms. Bs gkvbrsgmkgstjs ukj hbrrjagbktj gktbrkjegmkjlbs bk `bl omfgbrkm bl ajkbdm `b ljs pjrj `gbrgr sus cgkjkzjs pôflgejs y ojstms bk bl bk ljs pbrspbetgvjs tgbapm y jsá `b pm`br euaplgr bl erbegagbktm `bl emkduktm `b pjás. ukegmkbs qub lb  Jl egbrrb `bl smk bkemabk`j`js. Bxgstbk `ms tgpms `b `bu`j4 `bu`j frutj y `bu`j kbtj. Lj `bu`j kbtj bs goujl j lj `bu`j frutj abkms lms jetgvms cgkjkegbrms `bl pjás (kjegmkjlbs b gktbrkjegmkjlbs). Lj `bu`j pôflgej pub`b eljsgcgejrsb4 :) ^mr su mrgobk, bk gktbrkj m bxtbrkj, `b jeubr`m j lj rbsg`bkegj `bl pmsbb`mr `b lj

sbouk`m trgabstrb `b 6>:2, bl sjl`m `b lj `bu`j kbtj `bl Omfgbrkm Cb`brjl sb ufgeõ bk 2 fgllmkbs 8:3 agl 25?.2 agllmkbs `b pbsms. Emam pmrebktjdb `bl ^GF, rbprbsbktõ bl 56.? pmr egbktm. Lj bstrueturj `bl pmrtjmlgm jetujl `b lj `bu`j `bl Omfgbrkm Cb`brjl ajktgbkb lj ajymr pjrtb `b sus pjsgvms `bkmagkj`ms bk amkb`j kjegmkjl, rbprbsbktjk`m jl 5> `b dukgm `b 6>:2 bl ?8.5 pmr egbktm `bl

 

`bu`j (bk sjl`m `b lj `bu`j ukegõk `b lj kbtj `bl Omfgbrkm ufgejegõk y km `b Cb`brjl. lj kjegmkjlg`j` `bl jerbb`mr). Lj `bu`j gktbrkj smk lms cgkjkegjagbktms mftbkg`ms bk bl abrej`m `maçstgem, ab`gjktb lj emlmejegõk `b vjlmrbs oufbrkjabktjlbs y `b erç`gtms `grbetms emk mtrjs gkstgtuegmkbs qub smk pjoj`brms `bktrm `bl pjás y bk pbsms abxgejkms. Lj `bu`j bxtbrkj smk lms erç`gtms emktrjtj`ms pmr bl sbetmr pôflgem emk bktg`j`bs cgkjkegbrjs `bl bxtbrgmr y pjoj`brms bk bl bxtrjkdbrm bk amkb`j `gbrbktb j lj amkb`j kjegmkjl. 6) ^mr pbrgm`m `b emktrjtjegõk, bk emrtm m ljrom pljzm. Bl prgabrm sb mftgbkb j pljzm abkmr `b

 

uk júm, bl sbouk`m j uk pljzm `b uk júm m aês. 5) ^mr lj ubktb `b cgkjkegjagbktm, sboôk lj kjturjlbzj `b lms jerbb`mrbs cgkjkegbrms. ^jrj lj `bu`j bxtbrkj4 abrej`m `b ejpgtjlbs, mrojkgsams cgkjkegbrms gktbrkjegmkjlbs, abrej`m fjkejrgm, emabregm bxtbrgmr, `bu`j rbbstrueturj`j y pjsgvms ^G@BVBOJU. ^jrj lj `bu`j gktbrkj4 vjlmrbs oufbrkjabktjlbs , fjkej emabregjl, Ugstbaj `b  Jhmrrm pjrj bl Vbtgrm (UJV), Umegb`j`bs `b Gkvbrsgõk Bspbegjlgzj`js bk Cmk`ms pjrj bl Vbtgrm (Ugbmrbs), bktrb lms aês gapmrtjktbs. 0) ^mr amkb`j

 

`b emktrjtjegõk, sboôk lj `gvgsj bk lj eujl sb emktrjtõ bl erç`gtm. 2) ^mr `bl pjás, j pjrtgr mrgobk `b lj gkstgtuegõk cgkjkegbrj jerbb`mrj. 3) ^mr gkstruabktm, bk ukegõk j ljs ejrjetbrástgejs durá`gejs `b lms gkstruabktms qub `bsergfbk rbljegõk qub lj bxgstb bktrb bl jerbb`mr y bl `bu`mr (pjojrçs, fmkms, vjlmrbs oufbrkjabktjlbs y lms emktrjtms m lákbjs `b erç`gtm). Lj UHE^ g`bktgcgej trbs gk`gej`mrbs fêsgems `b lj `bu`j pôflgej4 :) lj `bl Omfgbrkm Cb`brjl, qub emaprbk`b ljs mflgojegmkbs `b lms pm`brbs lbogsljtgvm y du`gegjl, ljs `bpbk`bkegjs `bl ^m`br Bdbeutgvm Cb`brjl y sus

 

õrojkms `bsemkebktrj`ms, jsá emam ljs mflgojegmkbs emktrjá`js pmr bktg`j`bs qub mrajrmk pjrtb `b lj  J`agkgstrjegõk ^ôflgej Cb`brjl pjrjbstjtjl y qub ubrmk trjksmraj`js bk õrojkms jutõkmams, bk pjrtgeuljr, bl GKJG y GCP9 6) lj `bl Ubetmr ^ôflgem, qub bstê gktborj`j pmr lj `bu`j `bl Omfgbrkm Cb`brjl aês ljs mflgojegmkbs `b ljs bktg`j`bs `b emktrml prbsupubstjrgm `grbetm, `b ljs Baprbsjs ^rm`uetgvjs `bl Bstj`m y sus sufsg`gjrgjs, y `b lj Fjkej `b @bsjrrmllm9 y, 5) bl Ujl`m Hgstõrgem `b lms Vbqubrgagbktms Cgkjkegbrms `bl Ubetmr ^ôflgem, qub bstê gktborj`m pmr lj `bu`j `bl Ubetmr ^ôflgem

 

^rbsupubstjrgm aês ljs mflgojegmkbs qub, pmr `gvbrsms mr`bkjagbktms durá`gems y prêetgejs prbsupubstjrgjs, km sb gkeluybk bk lj `bu`j pôflgej (G^JF, ^G@GVBOJU, CJVJE, CMKJ@GK, bte). Bk ajtbrgj `b `bu`j pôflgej, jl Emkorbsm emrrbspmk`b jutmrgzjr4 :) amktms `b bk`bu`jagbktm kbtm pjrj bl cgkjkegjagbktm `bl bstj`m, aukgegpgms, bktg`j`bs pjrjbstjtjlbs y pjrjaukgegpjlbs9 6) jl omfbrkj`mr pjrj qub jetôb emam jvjl m `bu`mr smlg`jrgm9 5) lj emktrjtjegõk `b bk`bu`jagbktm eujk`m lms pljzms `b jamrtgzjegõk `b lms erç`gtms rbfjsbk bl tçragkm `b lj obstgõk9 0)

 

amktms `b bk`bu`jagbktm j`gegmkjlbs y, 2) vbrgcgejegõk `b ljs mpbrjegmkbs `b `bu`j. BUPJ@M @B @BVBEHM

Bl bstj`mbs `bukj `brbehm sgtujegõk bk lj qub tm`ms lms egu`j`jkms, gkelug`j lj eljsb pmlátgej, rbspbtjk lj lby y smk sudbtms `b ejstgoms sg km lj sgoubk. Vbqugbrb sbpjrjegõk `b

Ug fgbk Açxgem mftuvm bstb júm lj agsaj ejlgcgejegõk qub bl júm pjsj`m, jl jkjlgzjr gk`gej`mrbs gk`gvg`ujlbs, pm`bams `gstgkougr jloukms ejafgms qub lljajk lj jtbkegõk. ^mr bdbaplm, bl

Açxgem sb ufgej bk bl pubstm 77 `b :63 pjásbs gkelug`ms bk bl Ák`geb `b Bstj`m `b @brbehm 6>:7, lm eujl sgokgcgej qub tgbkb auehjs êrbjs `b mpmrtukg`j` y bspjegms pjrj abdmrjr bk

sufjetmr qub ag`b lj bbetgvg`j` `bl sgstbaj `b gapjrtgegõk `b dustgegj (sufjetmr 8.6) juabktõ `b >.67 j >.5:. @b Bl Bstj`m `b goujl ajkbrj, bl `brbehm bs ukj Ák`geb rbclbdj ukj emk`gegõk abdmrj bk lj kbebsjrgj pjrj bbetgvg`j` `b ljs pm`br erbebr `b ju`gtmrájs y mraj smstbkg`j. jobkegjs `b  Jsá agsam, sgk `brbehms huajkms Bstj`m `b pjrj bdbrebr `brbehm sb emktrjpbsms y pgbr`b lj supbrvgsjr jl emkcgjkzj `b lms omfgbrkm egu`j`jkms bk su (sufjetmr :.5), bl omfgbrkm. eujl juabktõ `b @b jhá, qub bl >.57 j >.00. Bstj`m `b `brbehm sb Ejfb `bstjejr qub ejrjetbrgeb pmr bl Ák`geb rbbrg`m tbkbr lms bk bstb jrtáeulm

uturjs b`gegmkbs `bl rbpmrtb. Ug emapjrjams j Açxgem emk pjásbs sgagljrbs, yj sbj bk tçragkms obmorêcgems m bemkõagems, sb ufgej bk lj pmsgegõk 63 `b lms 5> pjásbs bk lj rbogõk `b Jaçrgej Ljtgkj y bl Ejrgfb, y bk bl pubstm 52 `b lms 58 pjásbs `b gkorbsm ab`gm jltm gkelug`ms bk bl Ák`geb. Bk tçragkms `b puktjdb, Açxgem mftuvm >.02 pmr sbouk`m júm emksbeutgvm, bk ukj bsejlj qub vj `b > j :, `mk`b :

pm`brbs, goujl`j` jktb lj lby, uk sgstbaj bqugtjtgvm `b dustgegj y sbourg`j`.

 

sgougbktbs pgljrbs pjrj uk`jabktjr su gapmrtjkegj bk bl mr`bk pmlátgem `b uk pjás. Bktrb

(ák`geb olmfjl) gkeluyb gkmrajegõk pjrj Açxgem j kgvbl pjás, pbrm km pbragtb bvjlujr `gbrbkegjs

sgokgcgej ajymr rbspbtm jl Bstj`m `b @brbehm.

bllms4 Bl mr`bkjagbktm durá`gem sb `bfb bstjflbebr `b ajkbrj `bamerêtgej y sgk jfusms `b pm`br. Lj `gvgsgõk `b pm`brbs `bl Bstj`m bk

jbsm, kgvbl bstjtjl. bl _D^ erbõ^jrj bl Ák`geb `b Bstj`m `b @brbehm bk Açxgem 6>:8, emk `jtms rbprbsbktjtgvms bk lms 56 bstj`ms (ák`geb sufkjegmkjl).

jtbkegõk pjrtb `bl pmr pjás smk lj emrrupegõk (jetmr 6), lj sbourg`j` (jetmr 2), y lj dustgegj pbkjl (jetmr 8). Ug jkjlgzjams bl ôltgam jetmr emk ajymr `btbkgagbktm, pm`bams

bdbeutgvm, du`gegjl y lbogsljtgvm, pbragtb bljfmrjr pljkbs `b trjfjdm bk ukegõk `bl `bsjrrmllm pmlátgem y smegjl `b uk pjás. Pm`ms jqubllms gk`gvg`ums qub emkmrajk bl omfgbrkm, lms bktbs y õrojkms pôflgems y lj j`agkgstrjegõk pôflgej, `bfbk jetujr sboôk lms láagtbs qub bstjflbeg`ms bk lj lby y rboulj`ms j trjvçs `bl ^m`br Du`gegjl. Ub hjk `b ojrjktgzjr lms

Ljs êrbjs qub rbqugbrbk ajymr

mfsbrvjr qub lms tbajs emk lj ejlgcgejegõk aês fjdj smk ljs gkvbstgojegmkbs pbkjlbs (sufjetmr 8.:) y bl sgstbaj pbkgtbkegjrgm (sufjetmr 8.5), emk puktjdbs `b >.66 y >.:8, rbspbetgvjabktb.

 

`brbehms uk`jabktjlbs `bl hmafrb pmr ab`gm `b ukj sbrgb `b rboljabktms erbj`ms bk ukegõk `b sjlvjoujr`jr lms `brbehms egvglbs b gk`gvg`ujlbs `b ljs pbrsmkjs. Lj jplgejegõk y euaplgagbktm `b lj lby `bfb sbr pmr goujl pjrj tm`ms lms egu`j`jkms, sbjk ukegmkjrgms pôflgems m km y sgk gapmrtjr bl ejrom pmlátgem qub tbkoj jsgokj`m. Pm`ms lms egu`j`jkms tgbkbk pmr goujl lms agsams `bfbrbs y `brbehms. Lj `bamerjegj, emam açtm`m `b omfgbrkm, pbragtb qub sbj bl pubflm qugbk `beg`j euêlbs sbrêk sus rbprbsbktjktbs ab`gjktb bl `brbehm jl vmtm. Km mfstjktb, gkelusm bk `bamerjegj, ljabktjflbabkt 

 

b, sb sgoubk obkbrjk`m jfusms `b pm`br bk lms eujlbs bl Bstj`m `b `brbehm qub`j

SJLMV JOVBOJ@M

rblboj`m pmr emrrupegõk y lj vgmljegõk `b `brbehms. Bl vjlmr jorboj`m `b ljs bxpmrtjegmkbs bs bl vjlmr júj`g`m pmr Açxgem j lms prm`uetms qub bxpmrtj, bs `begr, bl pmrebktjdb `bl vjlmr cgkjl `b uk prm`uetm qub sb bxplgej pmr prmebsms `bsjrrmllj`ms bk Açxgem, y km bl rbstm `b lms pjásbs qub mrajrmk pjrtb `b lj ej`bkj `b prm`ueegõk `b `gehm prm`uetm. Eujk`m bl vjlmr jorboj`m `b ljs bxpmrtjegmkbs bs ajymr ukj ajymr ejktg`j` `bl vjlmr obkbrj`m pmr lj vbktj `b bstms prm`uetms sb qub`j bk ajkms `b lms

CMVPJLBTJU4 • Orjvj bl gkorbsm sõlm eujk`m çstb sb emksuab. • Km `bsjlgbktj lj jeuauljegõk `b ejpgtjl.

Lj prm`uetgvg`j` `bl GSJ bk prmab`gm pjrj bl pbrgm`m :7??― 6>>5 ub `b 66.?% (vçjsb orêcgej 0), bs `begr, `b ej`j :>>

pbsms qub pmtbkegjlabktb • Pgbkb orjk pm`rájk sbr pmtbkegjl `b rbeju`j`ms tjk rbeju`jegõk. sõlm sb rbeju`jrmk ebrej • Bs rbljtgvjabktb `b 65 pbsms9 lj sgaplb su rjzõk emksgstb bk j`agkgstrjegõk pmr ljs `gbrbktbs lm qub gaplgej tjsjs qub sb fjdms emstms. ajkbdjk y bl rçogabk `b •ejpjeg`j` Pgbkb lj `b bxbkegmkbs, qub pmr ukj pjrtb orjvjr jetgvg`j`bs `gsagkuybk lj gkmrajlbs. fjsb orjvjflb y qub pmr mtrj pbragtbk lj bvjsgõk `bl gapubstm.2 ^mr lm tjktm, ukj `b ljs auehjs prmpubstjs pjrj am`gcgejr y hjebr aês bcgegbktb bl

 

trjfjdj`mrbs y prm`uetmrbs Abxgejkms. Kõtbsb qub vjlmr jorboj`m km bs kbebsjrgjabktb

GSJ emksgstb bk lj ukgcgejegõk `b ljs tjsjs y bl jfjk`mkm `bl rçogabk `b bxbkegõk.

sgkõkgam emktbkg`m`b kjegmkjl. Bl emktbkg`m kjegmkjl `b uk prm`uetm pub`b sbr jltm sõlm pmrqub lj rbouljegõk jsá lm bxgob m pmrqub hjy fjrrbrjs j lj emapbtbkegj.

Hbrkêk`bz y Tjau`gm (6>>0) abkegmkjk qub lms rboáabkbs `b bxbkegmkbs y trjtjagbktms bspbegjlbs smk emaukbs bk bl auk`m, pbrm qub j `gbrbkegj `b Açxgem bl rbstm `b lms pjásbs `b lj

Gk`grbetm4 rbejb smfrb bl emksuam bk eujlqugbr êafgtm baprbsjrgjl m prmbsgmkjl. Vbjl4 bl gapubstm smfrb bl vjlmr júj`g`m km tgbkb bk eubktj lj rbktj `b ljs pbrsmkjs, orjvj bl prm`uetm m sbrvgegm bk sá. Obkbrjl4 sb jplgej bk tm`ms lms sbetmrbs bemkõagems, jukqub bs egbrtm qub bxgstbk bxbkegmkbs. Gkstjktêkbm4 bl `bvbkom (mflgojegõk trgfutjrgj) sb

ME@B ajkbdjk trjtms prbbrbkegjlbs emk tjsjs pmsgtgvjs, pmr lm qub lj prm`uetgvg`j` `b su gapubstm km sb vb tjk abraj`j emam lj kubstrj9 bl jutmr abkegmkj bl ejsm `b Emrbj qub prbsbktj trjtjagbktms sgagljrbs jl ejsm `b Açxgem, pbrm su prm`uetgvg`j` bs `b 52%. Zub bl vjlmr jorboj`m rbprbsbktb jl abkms 2>% `b lj prm`ueegõk ajkujeturbrj olmfjl.

 

prm`ueb bk bl agsam amabktm eujk`m surob lj emaprjvbktj, jukqub lj `beljrjegõk sbj pbrgõ`gej. ^lurgêsgem4 orjvj tm`m bl prmebsm prm`uetgvm m prbstjegõk `bl sbrvgegm, jukqub orjegjs j ljs `b`ueegmkbs lm qub rbjlabktb pbragtb orjvjr bs bl vjlmr qub sb júj`b jl fgbk m

EMA^BPGPGSG@J @

sbrvgegm. Lj jplgejegõk `bl GSJ sb prm`ueb bk tm`m tbrrgtmrgm pbkgksuljr b Gsljs Fjlbjrbs. Bk Ejkjrgjs, Ebutj y Ablgllj bxgstb mtrm gapubstm qub orjvj bl emksuam, emam bl GOGE. Ubr emapbtgtgvm bs tbkbr lj ejpjeg`j` pjrj jtrjbr y rbtbkbr tjlbktm b gkvbrsgõk. ^jrj sbr emapbtgtgvm bs kbebsjrgm qub bxgstj mr`bk y rbspbtm pmr lms `brbehms gk`gvg`ujlbs,

Bxgstbk `gbrbktbs `bcgkgegmkbs `b jeubr`m jl emktbxtm bk bl qub sb usb bl tçragkm emapbtgtgvg`j`. Bk bl êafgtm baprbsjrgjl, sb rbljegmkj emk lj ejpjeg`j` `b ejptjr ukj ajymr eumtj `b abrej`m,

Ubr `bl 6>% `b lms pjásbs aês emapbtgtgvms `bl auk`m ab`g`m `b jeubr`m lms prgkegpjlbs ák`gebs4 @mgko Fusgkbss (Fjkem Auk`gjl), Olmfjl Emapbtgtgvbkbss Vbpmrt (Cmrm Bemkõagem

 

jeebsm j rbeursms kjturjlbs, ukj pmfljegõk b`uej`j, sjlu`jflb b gkeluybktb, y

jsá emam `b obkbrjr ajymrbs gkorbsms, bk emapjrjegõk emk ljs baprbsjs qub rbjlgzjk lj

Auk`gjl), _mrl` Emapbtgtgvbkbss Vjkigko (GA@), m bl Ák`geb `b Emapbtgtgvg`j` Gktbrkjegmkjl

sucgegbktb gkrjbstrueturj pjrj emkbetjr j lms jobktbs bemkõagems. Rkj bemkmaáj emapbtgtgvj erbeb aês y abdmr pmrqub lmorj jtrjbr aês y abdmrbs rbeursms.

jetgvg`j`. Ugk bafjrom lj `bcgkgegõk `b emapbtgtgvg`j` pjrj uk pjás m rbogõk bs aês emaplbdj, yj qub jfjrej uk emkduktm `b blbabktms qub sb rbljegmkjk bktrb sá, jsmegj`ms emk lj ejpjeg`j` `b

(GAEM). Bk Açxgem, sb baprbk`bk `gbrbktbs bstrjtbogjs qub gapulsjk lj emapbtgtgvg`j` `bl pjás. @bs`b lj Uberbtjráj `b Bemkmaáj, j trjvçs `b lj Uufsberbtjráj `b

mabktjr bl erbegagbktm bemkõagem (bd. sjlu`, gkrjbstrueturj, b`uejegõk, gkkmvjegõk, bte.).  Jetujlabktb, lj ajymr pjrtb `b lj prm`ueegõk `b fgbkbs y sbrvgegms, jsá emam bl emabregm, tgbkbk uk ejrêetbr olmfjl, bs `begr, tgbkbk ukj japlgj rbljegõk emk mtrms pjásbs. Bk uk bktmrkm `mk`b sb prm`ueb uk agsam fgbk m sbrvgegm, emk pgbzjs m sbrvgegms `b `gbrbktbs pjrtbs `bl auk`m, lj jpbrturj m bstjflbegagbktm `b

Emapbtgtgvg`j` y Kmrajtgvg`j` sb llbvjk j ejfm jeegmkbs pjrj bstb cgk, pmr bdbaplm4 Egu`j`bs Emapbtgtgvjs. Orupm `b Jltm Kgvbl pjrj lj Emapbtgtgvg`j` Gk`ustrgjl. Mtrm ák`geb `b emapbtgtgvg`j` kjegmkjl bs bl qub prbsbktjk Bl Emlbogm `b lj Crmktbrj Kmrtb (Emlb) y lj Rkgvbrsg`j`  Jutõkmaj `b Fjdj Ejlgmrkgj (RJFE) ej`j `ms júms, `bkmagkj`m

 

ukj baprbsj bs ukj `begsgõk qub rbqugbrb `b gkmrajegõk sucgegbktb pjrj `btbragkjrlm. Lj

ák`geb `b Emapbtgtgvg`j` `b ljs Bktg`j`bs Cb`brjtgvjs Abxgejkjs (GEBCA). Ug fgbk

emapbtgtgvg`j` bs ukm `b lms blbabktms emksultj`ms emaôkabktb pmr gkvbrsgmkgstjs m tmaj`mrbs `b `begsgmkbs pjrj emkmebr euêlbs smk ljs emk`gegmkbs `b uk pjás bk bl qub pm`rájk

bstb ák`geb sb rbjlgzj `bs`b :777 bk bl @bpjrtjabktm `b Bstu`gms Bemkõagems `bl Emlb, bs j pjrtgr `b 6>:> eujk`m ukj jlgjkzj gkstgtuegmkjl lb pbragtgõ tbkbr ukj ajymr

bstjflbebrsb.

GKSBVUGM K

`gusgõk j bsejlj kjegmkjl. Bl emkebptm `b emapbtgtgvg`j` utglgzj`m tmaj emam rbbrbkegj lj `bcgkgegõk `b lj Uufsberbtjráj `b @bsjrrmllm Vbogmkjl y  J`agkgstrjtgvj `b Ehglb, qub bs “lj ejpjeg`j` qub tgbkbk lms pjásbs m rbogmkbs pjrj jlejkzjr kgvblbs `b erbegagbktm bemkõagem bk`õobkm sustbktjflb, bstjk`m gksbrtms bk lms abrej`ms olmfjlbs‑ Lj gkvbrsgõk bs lj Eujk`m uk prgvj`m Hmy bl pjás eubktj suaj `b lms gkvgbrtb bk ejpgtjl emk uk jtrjetgvm

 

rbeursms qub sb utglgzjk pjrj j`qugrgr ejpgtjl cgdm emk bl cgk `b juabktjr prm`ueegõk y/m

cgdm `b mraj prm`uetgvj pub`b obkbrjr uk ajymr kôabrm `b baplbms, bs aês bcgegbktb y

jafgbktb `b kbomegms, ebrtg`uafrb durá`gej, ukj `b ljs ajymrbs rb`bs `b jeubr`ms `b

lj prm`uetgvg`j`. Ub `gvg`b bk pôflgej y prgvj`j. js ejrjetbrástgejs bsbkegjlbs `b ljs gkvbrsgmkbs tbapmrjrgjs smk lj lgqug`bz y bl emrtm pljzm.

emapbtgtgvm, y pub`b gkvbrtgr bk gkvbstgojegõk y `bsjrrmllm pjrj abdmrjr lj ejlg`j` `b sus prm`uetms. Eujk`m bl omfgbrkm gkvgbrtb bk gkrjbstrueturj y mfrj pôflgej obkbrj abdmrbs emk`gegmkbs pjrj

lgfrb emabregm `bl auk`m, sbetmrbs bemkõagems emk japlgm `bsjrrmllm y uk pbrcgl `b emstms jltjabktb emapbtgtgvm. Ub jvjkzj j`baês bk ajtbrgj `b gkrjbstrueturj, pjrj hjebr `b Açxgem ukj

Bdbaplms `b gkvbrsgmkbs tbapmrjrgjs `b mk`ms smk4

rb`uegr lms emstms `b trjkspmrtb, prm`ueegõk y lmoástgej. ljs rbjlgzj`js bk :.- Emstms ljfmrjlbs jeegmkbs `b mtrjs emapbtgtgvms. smegb`j`bs qub Kubstrm pjás mrbeb emtgzjk bk fmlsj9 gapmrtjktbs tátulms pôflgems9 jhmrrms bk emstms prçstjams j ljfmrjlbs rbktb j emrtm pljzm9 mtrjs jltbrkjtgvjs `bpõsgtms j pljzm `b gkvbrsgõk bk cgdm.  Jaçrgej, Burmpj y Bs  Jsgj. gaprbsegk`gflb 6.- Cjeglg`j` `b pjrj qub ukj mpbrjegõk. Bk gkvbrsgõk pub`j Açxgem, uk sbr emksg`brj`j gkvbrsgmkgstj sõlm tbapmrjl qub rbqugbrb `b 3 rbôkj ljs prmeb`gagbktms y sgougbktbs 3.5 `ájs pjrj jfrgr eujlg`j`bs ukj baprbsj, y `b :: prmeb`gagbktms Ubourg`j` `b su y 83.0 `ájs pjrj rêpg`j mftbkbr uk emkvbrsgõk bk

pljtjmraj `b lmoástgej `b eljsb auk`gjl, y bk ajtbrgj `b `bsrbouljegõk, pjrj emk bllm jeglgtjr jôk aês lj mpbrjegõk `b lms kbomegms. Açxgem jtrjb j lj ajymr ejktg`j` `b GB@ bk Uu`jaçrgej y Ebktrmjaçrgej4  J`baês `b sbr auy jfgbrtm j lj GB@, bl pjás bstê auy fgbk gktborj`m bk bl mr`bk bemkõagem auk`gjl4 bs agbafrm `bl PLEJK, lj ME@B, bl O6> y lj Jlgjkzj

 

`gkbrm bk bbetgvm ^rmpõsgtm m gktbkegõk `b kbomegjr bsms vjlmrbs sg ubrj

pbragsm `b emkstrueegõk. Bstms kôabrms smk sbksgflbabktb abkmrbs j lms qub ajkbdjk bk Frjsgl,

kbebsjrgm Ljs gkvbrsgmkbs pbrajkbktbs smk emlmejegmkbs `b `gkbrm qub rbjlgzj lj baprbsj bk mpbrjegmkbs km bspbeácgejs j su jetgvg`j` prgkegpjl, emam emaplbabktm `b

Gk`gj m Ehgkj.

çstj emk bl mfdbtm `b mftbkbr ukj rbktj. Emam ejrjetbrástgej `b bstb tgpm `b gkvbrsgmkbs, pm`bams `begr qub mrajk pjrtb `b lj bstrueturj hjfgtujl `b lj baprbsj. Km pmsbbk ejpjeg`j` `b emkvbrtgrsb rêpg`jabktb bk `gkbrm, m sbj km smk láqug`js m bl gkvbrsmr km pmsbb bsj gktbkegõk.

agllmkbs `bjl hjfgtjktbs eujtrm trgabstrbs `bl 6>:0.Bl abrej`m gktbrkm rbsultj gktbrbsjktb pmr sá agsam. ^mr mtrm lj`m, lj ufgejegõk obmorêcgej `bl pjás y bl ljkzjagbktm `bl PLEJK smk ukj

Bdbaplms `b bstb tgpm `b gkvbrsgmkbs smk4

`bl ^jeácgem. Omzj `b ukj pmsgegõk obmorêcgej bstrjtçogej y jetôj emam ukj

pljtjmraj `b trêksgtm hjegj Kmrtbjaçrgej y  Jaçrgej Ljtgkj. 5.- Jeebsgfglg`j` j Bl pjás eubktj emk orjk`bs abrej`ms, ukj orjk vjrgb`j` abrej`m gktbrkm y `b rbeursms rbogõk PLEJK. kjturjlbs, lm qub Ugougbk`m egrjs `bl pbragtb bl GKBOG, Açxgem `bsjrrmllm `b rbogstrõ ukj tm`m tgpm `b pmfljegõk `b :6>.6 gk`ustrgjs emk

bxeblbktb pljtjmraj pjrj vbk`br `bs`b Açxgem.

0.- Vb` `b PLEs y trêagtbs emabregjlbs. Açxgem hj susergtm jeubr`ms emabregjlbs emk 03 kjegmkbs, lm qub lm

prbegms auy emapbtgtgvms. Lj ubrzj ljfmrjl (dmvbk y kuabrmsj) km tgbkb uk emstm auy blbvj`m y bstê rbljtgvjabktb fgbk eujlgcgej`j. Bl pjás bs bl metjvm `bstgkm turástgem bk bl auk`m, y j`baês tgbkb ukj japlgj b gapmrtjktb fjsb gk`ustrgjl. Bl pjás hmy omzj `b ukj bstjfglg`j` bemkõagej y pmlátgej bkvg`gjflb bk emapjrjegõk emk mtrms pjásbs `b lj

 

lj j`qugsgegõk `b jeegmkbs `b smegb`j`bs bk ljs qub sb bdbreb `btbragkj`j vgkeuljegõk

pmsgegmkj emam ukm `b lms pjásbs aês jfgbrtm jl emabregm gktbrkjegmkjl, emk jeebsm prbbrbkegjl

rbogõk. Ubetmrbs bemkõagems eljvb^jrtbs jutmamtrgebs, ajqugkjrgj y

bemkõagej9 pjrtgegpjegmkbs pbrajkbktbs bk mtrms bktbs emk goujl mfdbtm9 j`qugsgegõk `b fgbkbs gkaubflbs pjrj su pmstbrgmr emlmejegõk j tbrebrms9 j`qugsgegõk `b

j aês `b :,:>> agllmkbs `b emksuag`mrbs pmtbkegjlbs y ukj rbprbsbktjegõk ajymr jl 3>% `bl ^GF auk`gjl.

bqugpm, sbetmr quáagem, sbrvgegms cgkjkegbrms `b sbourms y cgjkzjs.Ubetmrbs emk jltm pmtbkegjlUbrvgegm pmst-vbktj `bl sbetmr jutmamtrgz (rbpjrjegõk, ajktbkgagbktm, vbktj `b

mfrjs `b jrtb. Pjafgçk sb emksg`brjk pbrajkbktbs, jqublljs gkvbrsgmkbs bk tátulms m jeegmkbs emk emtgzjegõk, qub, jukqub bxgstj lj pmsgfglg`j` `b su vbktj y emfrm jl emrtm pljzm, lj bktg`j` gkvbrsmrj km tgbkb lj gktbkegõk `b rbjlgzjr. ^mr bl emktrjrgm, pub`bk emksg`brjrsb pbrajkbktbs, jqublljs emlmejegmkbs euyj prmktj rbjlgzjegõk km bs

gkvbrsgõk bxtrjkdbrj. Lj susergpegõk pjrj lj ^rmamegõk y lj ^rmtbeegõk Vbeáprmej `b ljs Gkvbrsgmkbs (J^^VG °s) mraj pjrtb `b lj bstrjtbogj pjrj mtmrojr j lms gkvbrsgmkgstjs abxgejkms y

2.- Ebrtg`uafrb durá`gej pjrj lj

bxtrjkdbrms uk ajrem durá`gem qub mrtjlbzej lj prmtbeegõk j lj gkvbrsgõk bxtrjkdbrj bk Açxgem, jsá emam j lj gkvbrsgõk abxgejkj bk bl bxtbrgmr.

3.- Rfgejegõk

rbjeegmkbs y jeebsmrgms), emapmkbktbs blbetrõkgems, ej`bkjs `b `gstrgfuegõk, bkbroájs rbkmvjflbs, jlgabktms, fbfg`js y tjfjem, sbrvgegms prmbsgmkjlbs tçekgems bspbegjlgzj`ms y pbrsmkjlbs. Bl sbetmr fjkejrgm erbeb tjafgçk emk rjpg`bz y rbprbsbktj ukj mpmrtukg`j` pjrj lms gkvbrsmrbs. Bl omfgbrkm hj emaukgej`m bl `bsbm `b am`brkgzjr lj

 

auy prmfjflb pmr bl tgpm `b fgbk y egreukstjkegjs `bl abrej`m, bs bl ejsm `b

bstrjtçogej. Mtrj vbktjdj qub mrbeb bl pjás bs lj ebrejkáj j lms prgkegpjlbs ebktrms `b emksuam `bl

gkrjbstrueturj `bl pjás, gkeluybk`m hmspgtjlbs y trjkspmrtbs, y fusej jtrjbr ukj

tbrrbkms bk zmkjs pmem jtrjetgvjs pjrj gkvbrsgmkgstjs.

auk`m. Bstm bs rblbvjktb yj qub pbragtb j ljs baprbsjs rbspmk`br emk ajymr rjpg`bz j ejafgms bk lj `bajk`j y rb`ueb bl emstm `b gkvbktjrgms.

ajymr GB@. ^rmorjajs `b prgvjtgzjegõk Bk bl sbetmr gkamfglgjrgm (pjrtgeuljrabktb pjrj lms prmybetms `b emkstrueegõk `b vgvgbk`js j fjdm emstb), jbrmpubrtms y jloukjs rbcgkbrájs. Lj rbmraj bkbroçtgej pusm cgk j ?3 júms `b amkmpmlgm `b ^BABX9 kjegmkjlgzj`j bk :758, lj baprbsj hmy bstê vgvgbk`m ukj rbbstrueturjegõk prmuk`j pjrj vmlvbrlj aês emapbtgtgvj bk bl uturm. Lj rbmraj hj jfgbrtm ljs jetgvg`j`bs `b bxplmrjegõk b G&@ `b ^BABX j lj gkvbrsgõk bxtrjkdbrj. Lgegtjegmkbs, prmybetms y j`qugsgegmkbs

Ljs rjzmkbs qub amtgvjk lj gkemrpmrjegõk jl jetgvm `b gkvbrsgmkbs pbrajkbktb smk aês bstjflbs, eb`gbk`m bl gktbrçs pmr lj bspbeuljegõk rbktb j lj pbrajkbkegj `b lj emlmejegõk. Ejfb `bstjejr qub lms rbsultj`ms qub obkbrjk ljs gkvbrsgmkbs smk emksg`brj`ms km mpbrjtgvms pmr su jltj `b vgkeuljegõk j lj mpbrjtmrgj prgkegpjl `bl bktb.

?.- Emstms `b mpbrjegõk. Lj tjsj `b gapubstms emrpmrjtgvms bs abkmr bk Açxgem qub lj jplgej`j bk lj Gk`gj, Ehgkj y Frjsgl. Vbspbetm jl kôabrm `b pjoms `b gapubstms, bk Açxgem sõlm sb rbqugbrbk 3 pjoms jl júm, sgtuêk`msb bk abdmr pmsgegõk qub pjásbs emam Vusgj, Frjsgl, Bstj`ms Rkg`ms b Gk`gj.

 

pôflgejs Emaprjkbt, Emaprjs Oufbrkjabktjlbs Pbk`brs Gkm4 Açxgem,

BA^LBMU CMVAJLBU OBKBVJ@MU JERARLJ@MU.

Lgegtjegmkbs bk Açxgem @oAjribt Pbk`brs, Lgegtjegmkbs bk bl Auk`m Bl baplbm mrajl Lj bemkmaáj Lj ejpjeg`j` `b lj mtmroj j lms abxgejkj km hj bemkmaáj gk`gvg`ums sg`m ejpjz `b abxgejkj pjrj ajymr ebrtbzj obkbrjr bl kôabrm obkbrjr baplbms smfrb su tmtjl `b baplbms prm`uetgvms, jl sgtujegõk ljfmrjl mrajlbs abkms jl agsam y bstê rbqubrg`ms bk rgtam qub erbeb lj emrrbljegmkj`m kgkoukm `b lms pmfljegõk bk b`j` emk kgvblbs aês ôltgams qugkeb ljfmrjl, bs ukm `b jltms `b júms, pjrj km lms prgkegpjlbs prm`uetgvg`j`. hjfljr `b lj rbtms qub hj Bl baplbm mrajl lljaj`j "`çej`j bkrbktj`m bl pjás gkeluyb j lms pbr`g`j", `b lms `bs`b prgkegpgms trjfjdj`mrbs qub júms mehbktj. ^mr `b lms mehbktj. Ub tgbkbk ukj bllm, pm`bams pub`b jcgrajr, sgk rbljegõk ljfmrjl gkbrgr qub, sgk `u`j, qub sb rbemkmeg`j y qub luojr j `u`js, hjy ajktbk`rê emam hjebk euaplgr uk `çcgegt bl prgkegpjl rbtm sus `brbehms jeuaulj`m `b `bl uturm, sg km sb ljfmrjlbs (tjlbs baplbm, `gcáegl, sgk rbjetgvj emam sbourg`j` bafjrom, `b rbjlabktb bl smegjl, fbkbcgegms prbegsjr. erbegagbktm km sjljrgjlbs `b bemkõagem y sb lgqug`jegõk m baplbj Bk lj `çej`j jetujl cgkgqugtm jl prm`uetgvjabktb lj bemkmaáj tçragkm `b lj lj erbegbktb mbrtj abxgejkj hj bstj`m `b ajkm `b mfrj. rbljegõk `b lbdms `b obkbrjr trjfjdm). bktrb ukm y :.6 Mtrj agllmkbs `b ejrjetbrástgej bs baplbms, qub bxgob qub, `b lms

 

bl juabktm jkujl `b lj ^BJ. Kg sgqugbrj bl erbegbktb cludm agorjtmrgm `b abxgejkms j

baplbms qub sb erbjk, uk pmrebktjdb gapmrtjktb smk gkmrajlbs y pmr tjktm ejrbebk `b

Bstj`ms Rkg`ms hj bvgtj`m qub lj tjsj `b `bsmeupjegõk frutj juabktjrj bktrb 6>>> y 6>:>. W jukqub bktrb 6>>0 b gkgegms `b 6>>8 bl baplbm erbegõ `b ajkbrj gapmrtjktb emam rbsultj`m `bl gkerbabktm `bl ^rm`uetm Gktbrkm Frutm (^GF) rbjl, sgoub sgbk`m gksucgegbktb pjrj eufrgr rbzjoms, lms euêlbs sb jebktujrmk emk lj rbegbktb ergsgs bemkõagej. Jl agsam tgbapm, sb prbsbktj ukj kubvj ejrjetbrástgej4 bl baplbm mrajl sb pjrbeb ej`j vbz aês jl gkmrajl. Lj bvg`bkegj sbújlj qub km smljabktb hj erbeg`m bl `bsbaplbm, sgkm qub hj erbeg`m lj pmfljegõk meupj`j sgk prbstjegmkbs smegjlbs, jsá emam lms baplbms gkmrajlbs.

prmtbeegõk smegjl.  J su vbz, `b lms mrajlbs uk kôabrm gapmrtjktb qub hj sg`m erbegbktb, bs `b km pbrajkbktbs. Bstjs tbk`bkegjs km sõlm km sb hjk rbvbrtg`m emk ljs rbmrajs bemkõagejs, sgkm qub sb hjk jebktuj`m, hjegbk`m ej`j vbz aês emaplbdm bl prmflbaj. Bk emkelusgõk, km sb euaplgbrmk ljs bxpbetjtgvjs `b ukj abdmrj `bl `bsbapbúm ljfmrjl `bspbrtj`js pmr ljs rbmrajs bemkõagejs `b ljs ôltgajs `çej`js. Bk bstb emktbxtm, lms rbtms ljfmrjlbs sb pub`bk ejrjetbrgzjr `bs`b `ms pbrspbetgvjs. Bk prgabr luojr,

 

½Eõam lbbk ljs baprbsjs bstj sgtujegõk= Lj emksultmráj bk tbajs ljfmrjlbs Hjys Açxgem rbjlgzõ ukj bkeubstj j :,2>> baplbj`mrbs y 0,>>> ejk`g`jtms `urjktb bl prgabr trgabstrb `b 6>:0.

`bs`b lj pbrspbetgvj `b lj ajkm `b mfrj emam gksuam eljvb `bl prmebsm `b prm`ueegõk,

ejfb prbouktjrsb eõam pmtbkegjr su jpmrtb pjrj jeblbrjr bl erbegagbktm bemkõagem. Bk sbouk`m tçragkm, @bl lj`m `b lms `bs`b bl puktm `b baplbj`mrbs, vgstj `b lms sboôk Obrjr`m pubstms `b Ijkjhujtg, `grbetmr trjfjdm obkbrjl `b lj cgraj, prm`uetgvms emam 35% jsbourõ qub prm`uetm `bl hjy `çcgegt `b erbegagbktm emljfmrj`mrbs emk bemkõagem, lj bl pbrcgl qub prbouktj bs mtrj4 rbqugbrb su ½eõam mptgagzjr gk`ustrgj. Lj jltj lj obkbrjegõk `b `b tjlbktm sb baplbm, bk prbsbktj emk tçragkms `b ajymr çkjsgs bk ejktg`j` y sbetmrbs emam ejlg`j`= J pjrtgr gkobkgbráj, bkbroáj, `b bstj `mflb gkrjbstrueturj y pbrspbetgvj, lms sjlu`. rbtms ljfmrjlbs pub`bk rbsuagrsb Bk lj agsaj bk eujtrm4 bkeubstj, 8>% `b lms ejk`g`jtms j) Abdmrjr lj rbvblõ qub prm`uetgvg`j` emksg`brj ljfmrjl, emam ejafgjrsb `b fjsb pjrj rbjlzjr trjfjdm bstb júm. Bl lj emapbtgtgvg`j` amtgvm prgkegpjl4 y bl erbegagbktm abdmrjr sus bemkõagem, j su pbrspbetgvjs. Lj vbz sbouk`j rjzõk bs prbrrbqugsgtms

 

ukj jltj `b sjtgsjeegõk prmbsgmkjl, agbktrjs qub bl tbrebr jetmr bstê rbljegmkj`m emk lj

pjrj abdmrjr ljs emk`gegmkbs ljfmrjlbs.

rbaukbrjegõk.

prm`uetgvm, bstm bs, qub obkbrj vjlmr jorboj`m y sb rgob pmr emk`gegmkbs ljfmrjlbs "`bebktbs".

Lj prbouktj qub surob `b bllm bs4 ½ljs baprbsjs gkvgbrtbk lm kbebsjrgm pjrj obkbrjr bl tjlbktm qub rbqugbrbk= m fgbk, ½gkvgbrtbk bl tgbapm y lms rbeursms

f) Obkbrjr baplbm

e) @bsjrrmlljr abejkgsams `b prmtbeegõk jktb lj jabkjzj `b

bemkõagems sucgegbktbs pjrj bkemktrjrlm=

pmsgflbs rb`ueegmkbs `b baplbm b gkorbsms bk bl emktbxtm `b  Jukqub km eubktj lj olmfjlgzjegõk, emk egrjs prbegsjs, bk lms qub sb Hjys `geb qub bk tmabk bk eubktj prmab`gm ljs lj hbtbrmobkbg`j` baprbsjs bk bk bl abrej`m `b Açxgem gkvgbrtbk trjfjdm y lj :2% abkms kbebsg`j` `b qub rbspbetm jl rbstm `b `gehm abrej`m lms pjásbs `b ukegmkb Ljtgkmjaçrgej. bcgegbktbabktb. `) Cmabktjr lj gksbregõk ljfmrjl `b orupms emk prmflbajs bspbeácgems `b jeebsm jl baplbm prm`uetgvm. Bl rbtm prbagsm bs, sgk bafjrom, bl erbegagbktm jltm y

 

smstbkg`m `b lj prm`ueegõk kjegmkjl, bspbegjlabktb lj vgkeulj`j jl abrej`m gktbrkm. @urjktb bl prgabr trgabstrb `bl júm, ljs egkem bktg`j`bs bk ljs qub sb mrbegbrmk aês pubstms `b trjfjdm bk bl pjás ubrmk Egu`j` `b Açxgem (06%), Kubvm Lbõk (:6%), Djlgsem (8%), Bstj`m `b Açxgem (?%) y Zubrçtjrm (2%), `b jeubr`m emk ukj bkeubstj rbjlgzj`j pmr MEEAuk`gjl. Bl jkêlgsgs sb bljfmrõ `urjktb jfrgl j aês `b :,8>> usujrgms `b lj fmlsj `b trjfjdm bk lákbj, `b lms eujlbs 28% ubrmk hmafrbs y 06% smk audbrbs. Bk prmab`gm, 53% `b lms prmbsgmkgstjs abxgejkms sb vbk trjfjdjk`m bk ukj baprbsj orjk`b bk lms prõxgams 2 júms, agbktrjs

 

qub 5:% tgbkb pljkbs `b baprbk`br y 66% bk uk pubstm `b jltj `grbeegõk. Bl smk`bm rbvblõ qub 36% `b lms prmbsgmkgstjs abxgejkms eubktjk emk emktrjtm cgdm emk prbstjegmkbs `b lby, `b çstms, 55% tgbkb prbstjegmkbs supbrgmrbs j ljs `b lj lby.  Jsgagsam, :3% tgbkb uk trjfjdm tbapmrjl.  J`baês, :7% `b lms trjfjdj`mrbs km tgbkbk prbstjegmkbs `b lby, `b çstms 7% km eubktjk emk emktrjtm.

 

½Euêlbs smk lms prgkegpjlbs rbtms bemkõagems qub `bfbrê bkcrbktjr Açxgem bk lms prõxgams júms= Jetujlabktb bstjams vgvgbk`m lj bkcbrab`j` `bl EMSG@-:7 ukj bkcbrab`j` qub hj pjrjlgzj`m jl pjás bk tm`js ljs êrbjs, bl prgkegpjl rbtm pjrj lj bemkmaáj `bl pjás bs pm`br bapbzjr `bs`b ebrm y pm`br j`jptjrsb jljs kubvjs kmrajlg`j`bs qub lj sberbtjrgj `b sjlu` hj gkeulej`m. J`baês `b lms aglbs `b trjfjdms qub sb hjk pbr`g`m, `bfbams `b jprbk`br j fusejr kubvjs jltbrkjtgvjs `b trjfjdm. Ljs baprbsjs qub km hjk pm`g`m smfrbvgvgr j lms bcbetms kbojtgvms `bl EMSG@-:7 `bfbk fusejr jyu`j jl omfgbrkm pjrj qub sb lbs `bk erç`gtms y pm`br jyu`jr j bsjs pbqubújs baprbsjs.

½Eõam pm`bams jpmyjr j qub `gehms rbtms sb bkcrbktbk `b cmraj j`beuj`j=

 

^rgabrm qub kj`j, jprbk`br j rbspbtjr ljs kmrajs pjrj bvgtjr lj prmpjojegõk `bl EMSG@-:7 pjrj jsá km jcbetjr j lj bemkmaáj y bvgtjr kubvjs eujrbktbkjs qub jásljk j tm`js ljs pbrsmkjs y mfvgjabktb pjrjlgzjk tm`j lj bemkmaáj. Mtrj ajkbrj `b jpmyjr lj bemkmaáj `bl pjás bs emaprjk`m y jpmyjk`m ljs pbqubújs y ab`gjkjs baprbsjs y mfvgjabktb j ljs baprbsjs abxgejkjs.