Actividad 2

 

I`trcgub`? 0=:=80

Arupn? WM16

Knimrf lf b` I`tfrc`?  I`tfrc`? Ig (06) Gfrtcjcg`gc÷k S @grflct`gc÷k Lf B` G`bcl`l

Knimrf lfb Lngfktf? Itrn. @rturn Zcfyr` Gnrtfs

Kÿifrn y \fi` lf b` @gtcvcl`l? @gtcvcl`  @gtcvcl`l l lf @prfklcz`of @prfklcz`of =. G`bcl`l G`bcl`l fk tnrkn tnrkn `b p`gcfktf

Gcul`l y Jfgh`? Cxicqucbp`k Hcl`ban ` 51 lf Lcgcfimrf lf =5=5

5

 

NMOF\CZN NMOF \CZNW W AFKF AFKF]@BFW ]@BFW LF B@W IF\ IF\@W @W CK\F] CK\F]K@GC K@GCNK@ NK@BFW BFW LF WFAV]C WFAV]CL@L L@L LFB *Jnriub`r rfgnifkl`gcnkfs lf ifonr` gnktcku` lf U@GCFK\F

g`bcl`l p`r` fb Wcstfi` K`gcnk`b lf W`bul.

B`s B`s Ift`s Ift`s Ckt Cktfrk frk`gc `gcnk nk`bf `bfs s lf Wfau Wfaurcl rcl`l `l lfb lfb U`gcf U`gcfktf ktf snk*G uk uk` ` ck`r lf b`s fs fstr` tfac`s c`s *Gnn nnrl rlck `r `ggc `g gcnk nkfs fstr`tfa lc lcrc rcac acl` l`s s ` pr prni ninv nvfr fr fb rfgnkngci rfgnk ngcicfktn cfktn lf b`s fxpfr fxpfrcfkgc cfkgc`s `s fxct fxctns`s ns`s fk

prcnrct`rc`s, fv`bu`l`s pnr b` Onckt Gniicsscnk Cktfrk`tcnk`b, p`r` `grflct`r b`l g`bcl`l y ÷k fk fb Wcstfi i`tfrc` i`tfrc ` lf g`bcl` g`bcl`l y su lcj lcjusc usc÷k Wcstfi` ` K`gcnk`b W`bul. sfaurcl`l lf b` `tfkgc÷k lf hnspct`bfs y gbékcg`s quf `lnpt`k fst`slf`ggcnkfs p`r` b` sfaurcl`l lf bns p`gcfktfs.

*Fj *Fjfgt fgtu`r u`r fb sfauci sfaucicfk cfktn tn lf bns ckl cklcg` cg`lnr lnrfs fs lf g`bcl`l fk b`s ckstctugcnkfs lf s`bul.

IF\@ IF\ @ 0 Ifonr`r B` Urfgcsc÷k Fk B` Clfktcjcg`gc÷k Lf Bns U`gcfktfs U`r` Urfvfkcr Frrnrfs Puf Ckvnbugr`k @b U`gcfktf Fqucvng`ln.

NMOF\CZN. Fb pfrsnk`b lfb fqucpn iubtclcsgcpbck`rcn lf b` ukcl`l iãlcg` hnspct`b`rc` quf sf fkgufktr` fkgufk tr` rfb`gcnk`ln rfb`gcnk`ln gnk b` `tfkgc÷k lcrfgt` lfb p`gcfktf, lfmfrà clfktcjcg`r gnrrfgt`ifktf ` bns p`gcfktfs snmrf tnln `ktfs lf?

`)

 @lickcstr`rr iflcg`ifktns,  @lickcstr` iflcg`ifktns, s`karf s`karf n hfinlfrcv`ln hfinlfrcv`lns. s.

m)

Fxtr`fr s`karf y ntr`s iufstr`s lf `kàbcscs gbékcgns.

g)

Urnpnrgcnk`r gu`bqucfr ntrn tr`t`icfktn n Fs cklcspfks`mbf fb usn lf `b ifkns lns cl clfk fktcj tcjcg` cg`ln lnrfs rfs lfb lfb p`gcf p`gcfkt ktf f fk b`s ukcl` ukcl`lf lfs s iãlcg iãlcg`s `s hn hnspc spct`b t`b`rc `rc`s `s (Knim (Knimrf rf gnipbftn y kµ lf sfaurcl`l sngc`b).

Clfktcjcg`r gnrrfgt`ifktf ` bns p`gcfktfs. 

Vtcbcz`ins lns clfktcjcg`lnrfs p`r` clfktcjcg`r gnrrfgt`ifktf ` bns p`gcfktfs

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Knimrfs y @pfbbclns gnipbftns gnrrfgtns.

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Kÿifrn lf clfktcjcg`gc÷k.

Vtcbcz`ins scfiprf bns lns clfktcjcg`lnrfs `ktfs lf? 

 @lickcstr`rr iflcg`ifktns.  @lickcstr` iflcg`ifktns.

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 @lickcstr`rr gnipnkfktfs  @lickcstr` gnipnkfktfs s`kauékfns. s`kauékfns.

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Fxtr`fr s`karf u ntr`s iufstr`s p`r` `kàbcscs gbékcgn.

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]f`bcz`r prngflcicfktns.

Kn clfktcjcg`ins ` bns p`gcfktfs pnr su umcg`gc÷k, kÿifrn lf h`mct`gc÷k n gumégubn. Clfktcjcg`ins tnl` lnguifkt`gc÷k lf b` p`gcfktf rfb`gcnk`l` gnk b` hcstnrc` gbékcg`

 

IF\@ =? Ifonr`r B` Gniukcg`gc÷k Fjfgtcv`. NMOF\CZN Urfvfkcr frrnrfs pnr ÷rlfkfs vfrm`bfs y tfbfj÷kcg`s. B`s cklcg`gcnkfs iãlcg`s vfrm`bfs vfrm `bfs n tfbfj÷kc tfbfj÷kcg`s, g`s, lfmfràk lfmfràk sfr rfacstr` rfacstr`l`s l`s fk fb fxpflcfk fxpflcfktf tf gbékcgn, gbékcgn, sck fim`ran fim`ran,, fxcstfk gnklcgcnkfs fspfgc`bfs quf, pnr su fifrafkgc`, cipnscmcbct`k `b iãlcgn fb rfacstrn lf fst` pràgtcg`, fk fstns g`sns b`s cklcg`gcnkfs pnlràk sfr fk jnri` vfrm`b. U`r` prfvfkcr  frrnrfs fktrf fb pfrsnk`b lf s`bul rfb`gcnk`ln gnk b` `tfkgc÷k lf bns p`gcfktfs, gu`kln sf bbfv`k ` g`mn ÷rlfkfs vfrm`bfs y tfbfj÷kcg`s sf lfmfràk sfaucr bns scaucfktfs p`sns? Fb pfrsnk`bb lf s`bul lf b` ukcl`l iãlcg` hnspct`b`rc` utcbcz`rà uk prngfsn lf cktfrg`imcn fk b` pfrsnk` ficsc÷k lf nrlfkfs f cklcg`gcnkfs vfrm`bfs n tfbfj÷kcg`s p`r` b` `tfkgc÷k lfb p`gcfktf, quf ckgbuy`? 

Fsgrcmcr b` nrlfk pnr p`rtf lfb rfgfptnr.

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Bffr b` nrlfk pnr p`rtf lfb rfgfptnr p`r` quf fb ficsnr gnkjcrif b` cklcg`gc÷k lf b` nrlfk.

Fk fb g`sn lf rf`bcz`r fstf tcpn lf ÷rlfkfs fktrf fb pfrsnk` pfrsnk`bb lf s`bul lfktrn lf b` s`b` lf npfr`gcnkfs n fk sctu`gcnkfs lf urafkgc`, guy` urafkgc` kn pfrict` fb rfacstrn lf b` cklcg`gc÷k, fb prngfsn lf cktfrg`imcn sf bbfv`rà g`mn lf b` scaucfktf i`kfr`? 

Fsgugh`r b` nrlfk pnr fb rfgfptnr 

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]fpftcr b` nrlfk pnr fb rfgfptnr p`r` quf fb ficsnr gnkjcrif b` cklcg`gc÷k lf b` nrlfk.

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Lfspuãs lf b` `tfkgc÷k lfb p`gcfktf sf lfmfrà `knt`r bn cklcg`ln fk b`s knt`s iãlcg`s y lf fkjfrifré` gnrrfspnklcfktfs.

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Kn sf guipbfk ÷rlfkfs iãlcg`s vfrm`bfs, s÷bn fk g`sns lf fifrafkgc` gbékcg`, fk s`b`s lf gcruaé` y/n prngflcicfktns.

Wf guipbf fb prntngnbn fst`mbfgcln lf ÷rlfkfs iãlcg`s vfrm`bfs fk? 

Fifrafkgc`s gbékcg`s lfb p`gcfktf, fk s`b`s lf gcruaé` y/n prngflcicfktns.

 @pbcg`ins  @pbcg`in s scfiprf fb prntngnbn lf gniukcg`gc÷k gniukcg`gc÷k rflukl` rflukl`ktf ktf fk fb ckjnrif tfbfj÷kcgn lf rfsubt`lns lf lc`ak÷stcgns grétcgns, lf b` scaucfktf i`kfr`? 

Fb sfrvcgcn lf lc`ak÷stcgn ckjnri` fb rfsubt`ln grétcgn lfb p`gcfktf.

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Fb sfrvcgcn `scstfkgc`b quf rfgcmf fb ifks`of rfacstr` b` ckjnri`gc÷k fk b` hcstnrc` gbékcg` lfb p`gcfktf.

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Fb sfrvcgcn lc`ak÷stcgn snbcgct` `b sfrvcgcn `scstfkgc`b quf rfpct` fb rfsubt`ln quf juf

 

ckjnri`ln. 

Fb sfrvcgcn lf lc`ak÷stcgn vfrcjcg` quf b` ckjnri`gc÷k rfgcmcl` fs gnrrfgt`.

 @tfkgc÷k?? b` ckjnri`gc÷k  @tfkgc÷k ckjnri`gc÷k rfgcmcl` r fgcmcl` pnr fb sfrvcgcn `scstfkgc`b `scstfkgc`b fs ckiflc`t`ifktf prfsfkt`l` `b iãlcgn tr`t`ktf lfb p`gcfktf. Wf jn jnrt` rt`bf bfgf gf b` gn gniu iukcg kcg`gc `gc÷k ÷k fjfgtc fjfgtcv` v` fk b`s b`s fktrf fktrfa` a`s s lf tu turkn rkn,, fk bn bns s tr`sb` tr`sb`ln lns s lf p`gcfktfs, fktrf sfrvcgcns y fk b`s rficscnkfs lf bns p`gcfktfs ` ntr`s ckstctugcnkfs.

IF\@ 7 Urfvfkcr Frrnrfs Lf Iflcg`gc÷k Gnk Fbfgtrnbctns Gnkgfktr`lns . NMOF\CZN Bns fbfgtr÷bctns gnkgfktr`lns, lfmfràk i`kfo`rsf gnin sust`kgc`s gnktrnb`l`s, rfsau`rl rfsa u`rl`ln `lns, s, ftc ftcquf quft`ln t`lns s y gb`scjcg` gb`scjcg`lns lns p`r` su jàgcb jàgcb clfktcj clfktcjcg`g cg`gc÷k, c÷k, gnk iflcl`s iflcl`s lf sfaurcl`l fk su `bi`gfk`icfktn. U`r` su ftcquft`ln g`l` fbfgtr÷bctn gnkgfktr`ln (vc`bfs n jr`sgns) lfmfràk sfr i`rg`lns gn gnk k bns scaucf scaucfktf ktfs s gn gnbnr bnrfs fs pnr pnr tcp tcpn n lf fbfgtr fbfgtr÷bc ÷bctn, tn, p` p`r` r` lcjfrf lcjfrfkg kgc`r c`rbn bn lf nt ntrns rns.. Bn Bns s gnktfkflnrfs gnktfkf lnrfs t`imcãk sf ftcquft`ràk gnk fb knimrf y fb gnbnr lfscak`ln pnr tcpn lf fbfgtr÷bctn y ntr` ftcquft` quf lca` ‒GVCL@LN @B\N ]CFWAN’. Gbnrurn lf Unt`scn? =ifq/ib 05 ib ]NON Abugnk`tn lf G`bgcn? 05%/05 ib ZF]LF Jnsj`tn lf Unt`scn? IN]@LN Mcg`rmnk`tn lf Wnlcn? 05ib JVGWC@ Wubj`tn lf I`akfscn? 05% 0a/05ib ]NW@ Gnkgfktr`ln lf snlcn? 01.1% K@]@KO@

Gu`kln fstãk cklcg`lns fstns iflcg`ifktns sf vfrcjcg`rà quf sf tr`tf lfb p`gcfktf gnrrfgtn (lns clfktcjcg`lnrfs), jàri`gn gnrrfgtn, vé` gnrrfgt`, lnscs gnrrfgt` y hnr`rcn gnrrfgtn `ktfs y lur`ktf b` prfp`r`gc÷k y `lickcstr`gc÷k lf bns fbfgtrnbctns gnkgfktr`lns. Lfmfrà rf`bcz`rsf b` lcjusc÷k `b pfrsnk`b rfb`gcnk`ln gnk b` cklcg`gc÷k y `lickcstr`gc÷k lf iflcg`ifktns y h`gfr hckg`pcã fk quf bns fbfgtrnbctns gnkgfktr`lns rfqucfrfk lcbugc÷k. Vtcbcz`rà uk` mnim` lf ckjus ckjusc÷k c÷k p`r` p`r` `lick `lickcst cstr`r r`r snb snbugc ugcnk nkfs fs gnkgf gnkgfktr ktr`l `l`s `s n fk su lf lfjfg jfgtn tn utcbcz utcbcz`rà `rà ntrns ntrns lcspnsctcvns gnin fb fqucpn lf vnbÿifkfs iflclns.

 

IFON]@] B@ WFAV]CL@L FK BNW IFLCG@IFK\NW LF @B\N ]CFWAN.  

Bns iflcg`ifktns snk gb`scjcg`lns lf `gufrln ` su rcfsan? ]non? Iflcg`ifktn lf `btn rcfsan.

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 @i`rcbbn? Iflcg`ifk Iflcg`ifktn tn scicb`r.

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 @zub? Iflcg`ifktn Iflcg`ifktn lf `btn rcfsan rcfsan y scicb`r. scicb`r.

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 @pbcg`ins  @pbcg`in s scfiprf bns nghn gnrrfgtns gnrrfgtns usns usns lf iflcg`ifktns. iflcg`ifktns.

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Bns p`gcfktfs gnk `bfrac`s snk clfktcjcg`lns gnk stcgdfr k`r`ko`.

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Bns iflcg`ifktns quf snk prfp`r`lns fk lcbugcnkfs p`r` su `lickcstr`gc÷k, lfmfk fst`r gnrrfgt`ifktf rntub`lns sfaÿk bns l`tns rfqufrclns fk fb stcgdfr.

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Bns iflcg`ifktns lf `btn rcfsan quf snk fkv`s`lns pnr jufr` lf su fip`quf nrcack`b, lfmfk lf fst`r gnrrfgt`ifktf rntub`lns y gnktrnb`lns.

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Bns fbfgtrnbctns gnkgfktr`lns quf sf `bi`gfk`k fk b`s ukcl`lfs lf `tfkgc÷k `b p`gcfktf fstàk gb`scjcg`lns gnk stcgdfr rnon y sf `bi`gfk`k lf jnri` gnktrnb`l`.

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Bn Bns s iflc iflcg` g`if ifkt ktns ns lf gnkt gnktrn rnbb fs fspf pfgc gc`b `b pr prfp fp`r `r`l `lns ns fk lcbu lcbugc gcnk nkfs fs p` p`r` r` su `lickcstr`gc÷k scfiprf lfmfk lf fst`r rntub`lns y m`on su gustnlc` pnr fb pfrsnk`b lf fkjfrifré`.

IF\@ < A`r`ktcz`r A`r`ktcz`r B` Gcrua Gcruaé` é` Fk Fb Bua`r Gnrr Gnrrfgtn, fgtn, Gnk F Fbb Urng Urngflci flcicfktn cfktn S U`gcf U`gcfktf ktf Gnrrfgtn. NMOF\CZN  Zfrc Zfrcjc jcg` g`in ins s sc scfi fipr prf f prfv prfvc` c`if ifkt ktf f ` b` rf rf`b `bcz cz`g `gc÷ c÷k k lf pr prng ngfl flci cicf cfkt ktns ns lc`ak÷stcgns y/n tfr`pãutcgns, fb p`gcfktf gnrrfgtn y b` b`tfr`bcl`l gnrrfgt`. Clfktcjcg`ins b` b`tfr`bcl`l gnrrfgt` ` cktfrvfkcr gnk b` p`b`mr` WC. Fk b` rf`bcz`gc÷k lf gcruaé`s y prngflcicfktns lf kufstrns p`gcfktfs, `pbcg`ins bcst`s lf gh ghfq fquf ufn n lf sfaurc sfaurcl` l`l l lfb lfb p`gcf p`gcfktf ktf,, fk bns tcf tcfipn ipns s lf lfbb ck ckarf arfsn sn ` b` s`b` s`b` `k `ktf tfs s lf lfbb prngflcicfktn y `ktfs lf b` s`bcl` lf b` s`b`. Fb fqucpn iãlcgn gnipbftn lfmf lf bbfv`r ` g`mn y lnguifkt`r b` bcst` lf ghfqufn lf sfaurcl`l npfr`tnrc` y/n lf prngflcicfktns, b` gu`b ckgbuyf fb tcfipn jufr` n ‒\cif-Nut’ `ktfs lf gnifkz`r fb prngflcicfktn.

 

IF\@ 6 ]flugcr Fb ]cfsan Lf Ckjfggcnkfs @sngc`l`s @ B` @tfkgc÷k Fk W`bul. NMOF\CZN 

Guip Gu ipbc bcin ins s gnk gnk fb Ur Urna nar` r`i` i` lf Hc Hcac acfk fkf f lf I`kn I`kns s y b` rf rf`b `bcz cz`g `gc÷ c÷k k lf ln lns s g`ip`ð`s `ku`bfs p`r` jnrt`bfgfr fst` pràgtcg` sfaur`.

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Urfvfkcins b`s ckjfggcnkfs `sngc`l`s `b usn lf Lcspnsctcvns ckv`scvns gnk fb guipbcicfktn guipbcicfk tn lf aué`s y prntngnbns fst`mbfgclns fst`mbfgclns p`r` b`

prfvfkgc÷k prfvfkgc÷k lf

Ckjfggcnkfs @sngc`l`s ` b` @tfkgc÷k fk W`bul. C@@W. 

Guipbcins gnk b`s iflcl`s lf mcnsfaurcl`l fk fb i`kfon gbékcgn lf kufstrns p`gcfktfs gnin bn fst`mbfgf fb Urnar`i` lf W`bul Ngup`gcnk`b.

IF\@ : Urnar`i` U`r` B` ]fluggc÷k Lf L`ðns @ Bns U`gcfktfs Unr G`us` Lf G`él`s NMOF\CZN  Fb pfrsn pfrsnk` k`bb iãl iãlcgn cgn fv`bu fv`bu`rà `rà y rffv` rffv`bu` bu`rà rà fb rcf rcfsa san n lf g` g`él` él` fk tnlns tnlns bns p`gcfktfs lfslf fb prcifr gnkt`gtn y lur`ktf su fst`kgc` hnspct`b`rc` y bn rfacstr`rà fk b` knt` iãlcg`. B` rffv`bu`gc÷k rffv`bu`gc÷k sfrà g`l` =< hnr`s n `ktfs sc sf clfktcjcg` `baÿk g`imcn fk fb fst`ln gbékcgn n tfr`pãutcgn. Vtcbcz`rà lcjfrfktfs iflcns lf gniukcg`gc÷k p`r` ckjnri`r `b pfrsnk`b lf s`bul, j`icbc`r, p`gcfktfs p`gcfktf s y vcsct`ktfs vcsct`ktfs,, snmrf fb rcfsan lf g`él`, b`s iflcl`s lf sfaurcl`l quf sf `pbcg`ràk y b` p`rtcgcp`gc÷k lf g`l` ukn lf fbbns p`r` b` prfvfkgc÷k. Clfktcjcg`rà Clfktcjcg` rà y rfacstr`rà bns j`gtnrfs lf rcfsan r cfsan pntfkgc`bfs pntfkgc`bfs lf g`él`s fk fb p`gcfktf lur`ktf lur`ktf su fst`kgc` hnspct`b`rc`. ]facs ]f acstr` tr`r, r, lfs`r lfs`rrnb rnbb` b`rr f cipbfi cipbfifk fkt` t`rr fstr` fstr`tf tfac` ac`s s p` p`r` r` fb gn gnktr ktrnb nb y sfauc sfaucicf icfkt ktn n lf b` jrfgufkgc` f ckgclfkgc` lf g`él`s. Lngu Ln guifk ifkt`r t`rà à bns hfgh hfghns ns rfb`g rfb`gcn cnk`l k`lns ns gnk b` prfvfk prfvfkgc÷ gc÷k k lf g` g`él` él`s, s, `s `séé gn gnin in b`s cktfrvfkgcnkfs y rfsubt`lns nmtfkclns gnk fb pb`k tfr`pãutcgn fst`mbfgcln. ]fpnrt`rà b`s j`bb`s, lfsgnipnstur`s n j`bt` lf fqucpn quf sf fkgufktrf rfb`gcnk`ln gnk b` sfaurcl`l lfb p`gcfktf.

 

Vtcbcz Vtc bcz`rà `rà bn bns s `lct` `lct`ifk ifktns tns lf sfaurc sfaurcl` l`l l lcspu lcspufs fstns tns p` p`r` r` b` prfvfk prfvfkgc÷ gc÷k k lf g` g`él` él`s s lf `gufrln ` b`s gnklcgcnkfs fspfgéjcg`s lfb p`gcfktf quf `sfaurfk b` prntfggc÷k lf b` cktfarcl`l lfb p`gcfktf gnin? 

Bfv`kt`r bns m`r`kl`bfs lf b` g`i`

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\r`sb`l`r `b p`gcfktf fk g`icbb` sfaur`

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Wuofgc÷k fk g`sn lf sfr kfgfs`rcn

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Gnbng`r cktfrruptnr lf tcimrf `b `bg`kgf lfb p`gcfktf

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Gnbng`r m`kgn lf `btur` p`r` usn ckiflc`tn

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Gnbng`r uk` scbb` p`r` fb m`ðn lfb p`gcfktf

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 @gfrg`r `lct`ifktn `lct`ifktns s lf `yul` `yul` (m`stnkfs, (m`stnkfs, `kl`lfr`, `kl`lfr`, scbb` lf rufl`s. rufl`s.

NIW B` Nra`kcz`gc÷k Iuklc`b lf b` W`bul (NIW) (fk ckabãs Qnrbl Hf`bth Nra`kcz`tcnk n QHN) fs fb nra`kcsi nra`kcsin n lf b` Nra`kcz` Nra`kcz`gc÷k gc÷k lf b`s K`gcnkfs K`gcnkfs Vkcl`s Vkcl`s (NKV) (NKV) fspfgc` fspfgc`bcz` bcz`ln ln fk afstcnk`rr pnbétcg`s lf prfvfkgc÷k, afstcnk` prfvfkgc÷k, prningc÷k f cktfrvfkgc÷k cktfrvfkgc÷k fk s`bul ` kcvfb iuklc`b. Ckcgc`bi Ckcg c`bifktf fktf juf nra`kcz` nra`kcz`l` l` pnr fb Gnksfon Fgnk÷icgn y  y  Wngc`b lf b`s K`gcnkfs Vkcl`s quf cipubs÷ b` rfl`ggc÷k lf bns prcifrns fst`tutns lf b` NIW. B` prcifr` rfukc÷k lf b` NIW tuvn bua`r fk Ackfmr` fk 03