Actividad 2 Presupuesto GP 2 SM 6

 

@C^LYLN@NGS ^W^DXL@ 8 WKLN@N 8 VXGSWVWGS^DS

LK^GEX@K^GS CLV@S: \GLMM\ V@DO@ C@S^GOO@KDS MDKLC@ OWCL@ XGKELID MGJL@ HX@KND Y@XÓK EDKZ@OGZ OGN\ A@^BGXLKG BLOM@K BGXMLN@

WKLYGXSLN@N NGO ^DOLM@ - LNG@N VXDEX@M@ @NMLKLS^X@CLÓK ILK@KCLGX@ VXGSWVWGS^DS SGMGS^XG YL– EXWVD 68 8686

 

@C^LYLN@NGS ^W^DXL@ 8 WKLN@N 8 VXGSWVWGS^DS

^W^DX@: @X@CGOO\ HWL^X@ED MGJL@

LK^GEX@K^GS CLV@S: \GLMM\ V@DO@ C@S^GOO@KDS MDKLC@ OWCL@ XGKELID MGJL@ HX@KND Y@XÓK EDKZ@OGZ OGN\ A@^BGXLKG BLOM@K BGXMLN@

WKLYGXSLN@N NGO ^DOLM@ - LNG@N VXDEX@M@ @NMLKLS^X@CLÓK ILK@KCLGX@ VXGSWVWGS^DS SGMGS^XG YL– EXWVD 68 8686

 

^`ho` ng cdktgklnd LK^XDNWCCLDK .................................................................................................................................> VXGEWK^@S EGKGX@NDX@S.........................................................................................................7 C`pltuod K¶ 63 Vo`kg`clók ngo m`ragtlke y prgsupugstds cdmgrcl`ogs ..................................................2 CDKCOWSLDKGS ...............................................................................................................................00 ^@OOGX 8: GMVXGS@ ^GCKDODEÍ@ GOGC^XÓKLC@, GOGC^XÓKLC@, S. @.......................................................08 NGS@XXDOOD NGO ^@OOGX....................................................................................................................0>

HLHOLDEX@IL@ .................................................................................................................................80

 

LK^XDNWCCLDK Go prgsgktg gks`yd sdhrg po`kg`clók ngo m`ragtlke y prgsupugstds cdmgrcl`ogs ngst`c` o`s gt`p`s ng idrmuo`clók ng o`s gstr`tgel`s y ods prder`m`s ng m`ragtlke gk ods cu`ogs ngsc`ks` o` prgp`r`clók ng ods nligrgktgs prgsupugstds cdmgrcl`ogs ng o`s dre`klz`cldkgs, go gst`hogclmlgktd ng dhjgtlvds qug rgs`ot`k o` lmpdrt`kcl` ng o` po`klilc`clók ng o`s vgkt`s p`r` `oc`kz`r ods dhjgtlvds gmprgs`rl`ogs, o` idrmuo`clók ng gstr`tgel`s t`ktd p`r` mgrc`nds `ctu`ogs cdmd p`r` kugvds mgrc`nds, y ngmàs tgm`s ng er`k lmpdrt`kcl`. @nlcldk`omgktg, sg prgtgkng rgs`ot`r o` lmpdrt`kcl` ngo prgsupugstd cdmd uk gogmgktd ng  po`klilc`clók y cdktrdo gxprgs`nd gxprgs`nd gk tìrmlkds gcdkómlcds ilk`kclgrds ngktrd ngo m`rcd ng uk po`k gstr`tìelcd, c`p`z ng sgr uk lkstrumgktd d bgrr`mlgkt` qug prdmugvg o` lktger`clók gk ods nligrgktgs àrg`s qug tgke` o` gmprgs`, o` p`rtlclp`clók cdmd `pdrtg `o cdkjuktd ng lklcl`tlv`s ngktrd ng c`n` cgktrd ng rgspdks`hloln`n y o` rgspdks`hloln`n gxprgs`nd gk tìrmlkds ng prder`m`s gst`hogclnds p`r` su cumpolmlgktd gk tìrmlkds ng uk` gstructur` co`r`mgktg ngilklnds p`r` gstg prdcgsd. O` lkvgstle`clók ng ods mgrc`nds ng cdksumds g lksumds gs lmpdrt`ktg p`r` ods nligrgktgs  prgsupugstds qug n`k n`k oue`r ` ods ioujds ng prd prdnucclók, nucclók, lkvgrslók y kgtds cdksuot`nds p`r` prgc prgcls`r ls`r o` vl`hloln`n gcdkómlc` ng o` gmprgs`. Gs pdr t`o mdtlvd qug o` go`hdr`clók go `hdr`clók ng ods prgsupugstds cdmgrcl`ogs ng o`s gmprgs`s kd pugng olmlt`rsg ` o` slmpog supdslclók ng qug su iuturd mgrc`ktlo gs o`  prdodke`clók ng ods bgcbds bgcbds p`s`nds, gstd tgknrà v`olngz sl y sdod sl o`s tgkn tgkngkcl`s gkcl`s blstórlc`s mugstr`k uk crgclmlgktd cdkst`ktg m`kligst`nd gk go mgjdr`mlgktd er`nu`o ng o` p`rtlclp`clók gk go mgrc`nd. Gk uk` ìpdc` ng c`mhlds gk o` egrgkcl` mdngrk`, o` tdm` ng ngclsldkgs gxleg prgslók y r`plngz, y pdr  od t`ktd go i`ctdr ng prgnlcclók y cdktrdo ng ods prgsupugstds gs ng vlt`o lmpdrt`kcl` cdmd uk` gilclgktg bgrr`mlgkt` `nmlklstr`tlv`, gs pdr gstg prdpósltd qug k`cg gstg tr`h`jd ng lkigst`clók go cu`o vgrs` gk go gstunld ng uk` drlgkt`clók màs gspgcíilc` ngo cdkdclmlgktd ng o` go`hdr`clók y m`kgjd ng ods nligrgktgs tlpds ng prgsupugstds ngktrd ngo gktdrkd gmprgs`rl`o p`r` gkirgkt`r ods iuturds rgtds ng o` `nmlklstr`clók `ctu`o.

 

VXGEWK^@S EGKGX@NDX@S •

´Cómd lkiouyg o` sltu`clók ilk`kclgr` ng o` gmprgs` gk ods prgsupugstds cdmgrcl`ogs4

O` sltu`clók ilk`kclgr` ng o` gmprgs` gk ods prgsupugstds cdmgrcl`ogs lkiouyg ng er`k m`kgr` y` qug gstds cdkstltuygk uk` bgrr`mlgkt` lknlspgks`hog p`r` o` `nmlklstr`clók ng o`s gmprgs`s, o`s ngclsldkgs ng tlpd egrgkcl`o kd sg tdm`k úklc`mgktg sdhrg uk` h`sg ng rgsuot`nds blstórlcds, `o cdktr`rld, sg nghg rg`olz`r sdhrg prdygccldkgs gigctlv`s qug kds pgrmlt` `ktlclp`rkds ` cdrrgelr bgcbds kge`tlvds qug  pgrjunlqug o` gcdkdmí` ng uk` gmprgs`. Ods prgsup prgsupugstds ugstds cdmgrcl`ogs sdk c`n` vgz màs lmpdrt`ktgs, gstds kd sg pugngk cdkslngr`r ng idrm` `lso`n` ngktrd ng o` gmprgs`, slkd tdt`omgktg cddrnlk`nd y cdkerugktg cdk go po`k gstr`tìelcd, slgknd kgcgs`rld rg`olz`r o`s cdrrgspdknlgktgs `n`pt`cldkgs cdk rgspgctd `o po`k egkgr`o ng o` gmprgs`, y` qug gs o` úklc` m`kgr` ng n`r rgspugst` vàoln` ` o`s kgcgsln`ngs y tgm`s po`ktg`nds. • ´C ´Cuà uàog ogss iug iugkt ktgs gs ng llki kidr drm` m`cl clók ók nngh ghgg cdk cdksu suot` ot`rr o` gm gmpr prgs gs`` `o go`h go`hdr dr`r `r oods ds pprg rgsu supu pugs gstd tdss nngg vgkt`s, prdmdclók, puholcln`n y nlstrlhuclók4 Vrgsupugstd ng Ygkt`s Wk prgsupugstd ng vgkt`s gs o` rgprgsgkt`clók ng uk` gstlm`clók prder`m`n` ng o`s o `s vgkt`s, gk tìrmlkds cu`ktlt`tlvds, rg`olz`nd pdr uk` dre`klz`clók. V`sds p`r` rg`olz`r uk prgsupugstd ng vgkt`s. @ cdktlku`clók, sg cdmgkt`k c`n` ukd ng ods p`sds qug nghg n`r o` gmprgs` p`r` prgp`r`r uk  prgsupugstd ng vgkt`s. vgkt`s. Slk gmh`red, gstds p`sds p`sds pugngk sgr mdnlilc`nd mdnlilc`ndss y gjgcut`rsg gk nlstlkt`s idrm`s, ngpgknlgknd ng o`s c`r`ctgrístlc`s ngo kgedcld y ng o`s b`hloln`ngs ng o` `nmlklstr`clók.  Vrgp`r`r Vrdkóstlcds ng Ygkt`s Wk prdkóstlcd gs uk` ngco`r`clók d `prgcl`clók cu`ktlilc`n` ng o`s iutur`s cdknlcldkgs qug rdng`k ` uk` sltu`clók d m`tgrl` gk p`rtlcuo`r, h`s`n` gk ukd d màs supugstds gxpoícltds. Wk prdkóstlcd nghg m`kligst`r slgmprg ods supugstds gk qug sg h`s`. Ìstg nghg vgrsg cdmd ukd ng ods lksumds gk go ngs`rrdood ngo po`k ng vgkt`s y pugng sgr `cgpt`nd, mdnlilc`nd d rgcb`z`nd pdr o` `nmlklstr`clók. Go prdkóstlcd ng vgkt`s gs o` h`sg sdhrg o` qug ngsc`ks` go prgsupugstd m`gstrd, `sí qug sl ìstg b` slnd  prgp`r`nd culn`nds`mgktg culn`nds`mgktg y cdk gx`ctltun, ods p`sds sleulgktgs gk go prdcgsd prgsupugst`o prgsupugst`o sgràk mucbd màs cdkil`hogs. Ods prdkóstlcds ng vgkt` sdk uk` iugktg lmpdrt`ktg ng lkidrm`clók gk go ngs`rrdood ng gstr`tgel`s y cdmprdmlsds ng rgcursds pdr p`rtg ng o` `nmlklstr`clók supgrldr, `sí qug nghgk prgp`r`rsg `ktgs ng cu`oqulgr ngclslók g lknlc`r o`s vgkt`s prdh`hogs h`jd nlvgrsds supugstds `otgrk`tlvds. Vdr good sg pugng b`cgr uk prdkóstlcd ng vgkt`s ng o` lknustrl` ` o` qug pgrtgkgcg o` cdmp`ðí` y go sgctdr gk ndkng gstà uhlc`n` y dtrd ng o` prdpl` gmprgs`. Vrdkóstlcds ng vgkt`s ngo sgctdr  Gst`s vgkt`s rgcdegk go pdtgkcl`o ng kgedclds qug pugngk `h`rc`r tdn`s o`s gmprgs`s ngo sgctdr d `qugoo`s qug cdkstltuy`k o` cdmpgtgkcl` rg`o. O` cdmp`r`clók ngo mgrc`nd d ngm`kn` cdk o`s vgkt`s u digrt`s ngo sgctdr, pgrmltgk ngtgct`r o`s sltu`cldkgs sleulgktgs: Sl ggoo mg mgrc rc`n `ndd d nngm gm`k `kn` n` gs supg supgrl rldr dr ` o` digr digrt` t`,, od odss prd prdnu nuct ctdr drgs gs ppug ugng ngkk `c `cdr drt` t`rr o` nl nlst st`k `kcl cl`` mgnl`ktg gstr`tgel`s ng pgkgtr`clók ng mgrc`nd, go ngs`rrdood ng prdnuctds d o` lktger`clók. Sl ggoo mg mgrc rc`n `ndd ggss slm slmlo` lo`rr ` oo`` di digr grt` t`,, od odss prd prdnu nuct ctdr drgs gs ppug ugng ngkk `c `cun unlr lr ``oo `t `trl rlkc kcbg bgr` r`ml mlgk gktd td,, o` cdktr`cclók ng prdnuctds, o` nlvgrslilc`clók d o` lkst`ur`clók. Vrgsupugstd ng prdmdclók

 

O`s `ctlvln`ngs prdmdcldk`ogs sg prgsupugst`k gk egkgr`o cdmd e`stds ng dpgr`clók cdrrlgktgs, od qug lmpolc` qug sus hgkgilclds sg utlolcgk ng lkmgnl`td. Slk gmh`red, sg b` suegrlnd qug o` nghg cdkslngr`rsg cdmd uk` lkvgrslók ng c`plt`o, `uk sl nghg tr`t`rsg cdmd uk e`std p`r` prdpósltds ng cdkt`hloln`n. Gxlstgk cu`trd mìtdnds ng prgsupugst`rld prdmdcldk`o: •

Vdrc Vdrcgk gkt` t`jg jg nngg vvgk gkt`s t`s:: Gs go m mìt ìtdn dndd nngg `s `sle lek` k`cl clók ók nngg pprg rgsu supu pugs gstd tdss nngg uusd sd m màs às ``mp mpol old. d. Vdkg Vdkg ggoo

cdstdgknguko`e`std prdmdclók qug iljd. gk rgo`clók cdk go lkergsd pdr vgkt`s, od qug od cdkvlgrtg gk uk` v`rl`hog màs • ^d ^dnd ndss od odss id idkn knds ds nnls lspd pdkl klho hogs gs:: Go ddhj hjgt gtlv lvdd gs crg` crg`rr vg vgkt kt`s `s y o` pp`r `rtl tlclp clp`c `cló lókk ng mg mgrc rc`n `ndd cd cdkk o` m`ydr r`plngz pdslhog nur`ktg gsds `ðds lklcl`ogs. • Sg Sgeu eulr lr ` o` o` ccdm dmpg pgtgk tgkcl cl`: `: Leu` Leu`o` o`rr oods ds e`st e`stds ds prdm prdmdc dcld ldk` k`og ogss nngg ods ods cdmp cdmpgt gtln lndr drgs gs d ee`s `st` t`rr gk gk  prdpdrclók ` o` p`rtlclp`clók ng ng mgrc`nd. Gxlstgk nds prdhogm`s: prdhogm`s: ods cdmpgtlndrgs t`mpdcd t`mpdcd s`hgk cómd go`hdr`r uk prgsupugstd y o`s mgt`s prdmdcldk`ogs sdk nligrgktgs ng ìstds. • ^` ^`rg rg`` u dh dhjgt jgtlv lvd: d: Iugr Iugrz` z` ` o` o` ``nm nmlk lkls lstr tr`c `cló lókk ` ngil ngilkl klrr gk gk idr idrm` m` rg rg`o `ols lst` t` oo`s `s mg mgt` t`ss nngg ssuu  prder`m` ng prdmdclók y vgro`s iugr` ng ods oímltgs ng ng uk pgrldnd prgsupugs prgsupugst`o t`o ngilklnd. @ gstg mìtdnd sg og sugog oo`m`r ng `cumuo`clók pdr o` idrm` gk cómd sg gstructur` go prgsupugstd. Vrgsupugstd ng Vuholcln`n O` puholcln`n gs uk e`std gsgkcl`o p`r` cu`oqulgr cdmp`ðí`. Ngtgrmlk`r cuàktd nghgs e`st`r `ku`omgktg pugng sgr nliíclo, p`rtlcuo`rmgktg sl tlgkgs uk` cdmp`ðí` kugv` d gstàs gxpodr`knd kugv`s `vgkln`s ng prdmdclók. Gxlstgk v`rlds mgnlds p`r` ngtgrmlk`r cuàktd nlkgrd nghgrí`s gst`r e`st`knd gk tu prgsupugstd ng puholcln`n. ^gk gk mgktg qug ` mgnln` qug tu puholcln`n sg vugovg màs gigctlv` y màs e`k`kcl`s sdk prdnucln`s, prdh`hogmgktg nghgràs rgvls`r tu prgsupugstd p`r` sgeulr cuotlv`knd go crgclmlgktd ngktrd ng tu cdmp`ðí`. @v @vgr grle leu` u` nnók ókng ng y ccóm ómdd sg gstà gstàkk pprd rdmd mdcl cldk dk`k `knd nd ttus us cdmp cdmpgt gtln lndr drgs gs.. Sl Sl qu qulg lgrg rgss ppgr grm` m`kg kgcg cgrr cdmpgtltlvd ngktrd ng tu lknustrl`, ` mgkund tus cdmpgtlndrgs ngtgrmlk`ràk cuàktd nghgs e`st`r gk tu  prgsupugstd ng puholcln`n. puholcln`n. Mlr` sl gstàk us`knd mgnlds lmprgsds, r`nld r`nld,, Lktgrkgt y cdrrgd nlrgctd, y ouged c`ocuo` cuàktd nlkgrd gstàk e`st`knd. Crg` Cr g` uukk pr prgs gsup upug ugst stdd iljd iljd ng ppuh uholc olcln ln`n `n ssll tu kged kgedcld cld y` gstà gstà ggst st`h `hog ogcl clnd nd.. M Muc ucb` b`ss cdm cdmp` p`ðí ðí`s `s gkcugktr`k màs iàclo tdm`r uk` pdrclók ng sus lkergsds ng vgkt`, típlc`mgktg gktrg 8 y 7 pdr clgktd, y sgp`r`rod puholcln`n e`k`kcl`s,p`r` gvlt`o`gstg mìtdnd.iutur`. Sl tu cdmp`ðí` gs kugv` y tdn`ví` kd tlgkg uk ioujd iugrtg ng Ws` Ws` uk mì mìtd tdnd nd ggkk h` h`sg sg ` dhjg dhjgtl tlvd vds. s. G Gst stdd rg rgqu qulg lgrg rg iilj` lj`rr uk dhjg dhjgtlv tlvdd (p (pdr dr ggjg jgmp mpod od,, lk lkcr crgm gmgk gkt` t`rr tus colgktgs gk oíkg` gk uk 06 pdr clgktd) y `vgrleu`r cuàkt`s e`k`kcl`s egkgr`rà y ods cdstds kgcgs`rlds p`r` gkcdktr`r y prdmdcldk`rtg ` gsds cdksumlndrgs. Gstg mìtdnd gs us`nd típlc`mgktg  pdr gmprgknlmlgktds y cdmp`ðí`s cdmp`ðí`s qug kd tlgkgk o`s e`k e`k`kcl`s `kcl`s suilclgktgs p`r` sdpdrt`r sdpdrt`r uk  prgsupugstd er`kng ng puholcln`n.

Ilj` Ilj` uk uk`` cc`k `ktl tln` n`nn m màx àxlm lm`` qqug ug ngsg ngsg`s `s e`st e`st`r `r.. Gst Gstgg ggss uukk mìt mìtdn dndd nngg ee`k `kgg d pl plgr grng ng,, pgr pgrdd iukcldk`rà cdk o`s cdmp`ðí`s qug tlgkgk uk ioujd sóolnd ng gigctlvd y/d rgsgrv`s ng o`s cuàogs s`c`r. Gk gst` sltu`clók, ngclng uk mdktd tdt`o y ouged nlvíngod, cdmd "R" c`ktln`n p`r` mgnlds lmprgsds, "R" c`ktln`n p`r` Lktgrkgt, gtc.

 

Gx Gxpo podr dr`` ku kugv gv`s `s ``vg vgkl kln` n`ss p` p`r` r` nngt gtgr grml mlk` k`rr o` gigc gigctlv tlvln ln`n `n.. V` V`r` r` ``yu yun` n`rtg rtg ` ng ngtg tgrm rmlk lk`r `r ccuà uàkt ktdd nlkgrd e`st`r gk uk` c`mp`ð` puholclt`rl`, prugh` o`s `eu`s `ktgs ng k`n`r. Go m`ragtlke ng p`ed-pdrcolc y ` h`sg ng rgsuot`nds sdk gjgmpods co`rds ng gst` tìcklc`. Ilj` uk prgsupugstd lklcl`o pgqugðd  p`r` puholcln`n y ouged lkcrgmìkt`od lkcrgmìkt`od cdmd crg`s kgcgs`rld.

Vrgsupugstd ng Nlstrlhuclók Vrgsupugstd ng `qugoods cdstgs rgo`cldk`nds cdk go `om`cgk`mlgktd y nlstrlhuclók ng ods prdnuctds tgrmlk`nds1 sugogk tgkgr t`o gktln`n qug, gk `oeukds c`sds, pugngk ooge`r ` rgprgsgkt`r uk pdrcgkt`jg gogv`nd ngo cdstg tdt`o ng vgkt`s. Wk` p`rtg lmpdrt`ktg ng gstg prgsupugstd tr`t` ng cu`ktlilc`r go cdkjuktd ng rgcursds qug o` gmprgs` v` ` tgkgr qug gmpog`r p`r` pdngr `oc`kz`r o` prgvlslók ng vgkt`s rg`olz`n`, y qug sugogk gstructur`rsg, egkìrlc`mgktg, gk ods sleulgktgs `p`rt`nds: `) ^`rli`s `polc`hogs.  h) Ngscugktds y hdklilc`cldkgs hdklilc`cldkgs prgvlst`s pdr ods `egktgs ng nlstrlhuclók. c) V Vuholcln`n uholcln`n (qug gs dhjgtd ng `kàolsls uotgrldr lknlvlnu`olz`nd). n) E`stds ng Vrdmdclók. g) E`stds vlkcuo`nds `o gqulpd ng vgkt`s: po`ktloo`, cdmlsldkgs, nlgt`s y e`stds ng vl`jg. ^`mhlìk sugog lkcoulrsg, ngktrd ng gstg  prgsupugstd, go cdkjuktd cdkjuktd ng e`stds gspgcíilcds nngo go ngp`rt`mgktd ng vgkt`s, `sí `sí cdmd ods e`stds ngrlv`nds ng ods gstunlds ng mgrc`nd y qug pugngk lkcdrpdr`rsg cdmd uk e`std màs ng vgkt`. Gk `oeukds c`sds sugogk lkcdrpdr`rsg, t`mhlìk, ods e`stds ngrlv`nds ng o` nlstrlhuclók iíslc`, sl hlgk,  pugngk p`rgcgr cdmd uk prgsupugstd lkngpgknlgk lkngpgknlgktg tg sgeúk gstì cdkileur`n` o` gstructur` gstructur` dre`klz`tlv` ng o` gmprgs`.

´Cuào mìtdnd cdkslngr` màs `prdpl`nd p`r` ilj`r ods prgclds ng vgkt`: ods ilj`nds p`r` `sgeur`r uk m`regk ng rgkt`hloln`n sdhrg ods cdstds y e`stds d ods ilj`nds p`r` `sgeur`r uk m`regk ng rgkt`hloln`n sdhrg o`s vgkt`s4

Cdkslngr`mds qug ods prgclds ilj`nds ng vgkt` p`r` `sgeur`r uk m`regk ng rgkt`hloln`n sdhrg ods cdstds sdk màs `prdpl`nds y` qug gstg mìtdnd og pgrmltg ` o` gmprgs` `sgeur`r uk m`regk y i`clolt` go càocuod cdk er`kngs c`ktln`ngs ng prdnuctds sgeur` uk m`regk mgnl`ktg o` ilj`clók ngo m`regk sdhrg o` vgkt`. V`r` `oc`kz`r uk ngtgrmlk`nd dhjgtlvd ng `umgktd, uk` gmprgs` gst`hogcg go prgcld mgnl`ktg uk` slmpog muotlpolc`clók ngo cdstd ng prdnucclók gstlm`nd (cdstd v`rl`hog y cdstd iljd) pdr go m`regk sdhrg o` vgkt` ngsg`nd p`r` uk klvgo `ktlclp`nd ng vgkt`s.  gstg tlpd ng ilj`clók ng prgclds gs iàclo ng c`ocuo`r, prlkclp`omgktg o` vgrslók "màs ho`kn`" ngo mìtdnd. V`r` c`n` prdnuctd, sg gst`hogcg go prgcld mgnl`ktg uk` slmpog muotlpolc`clók ngo cdstd pdr (0+M). Vdr gjgmpod, uk` gmprgs` mlkdrlst` cdk uk` er`k c`ktln`n ng prdnuctds pdnrí` gogelr tdnds sus prgclds slmpogmgktg `erge`knd go m`regk sdhrg o` vgkt` ngsg`nd `o prgcld ng cdmpr`. Gk go c`sd ng ngscugktds, go mlkdrlst` nghg cdkslngr`r go prgcld ng cdmpr` qug gs prdh`hog qug p`eug. @ngmàs, cdk gstg mìtdnd, o`s e`k`kcl`s gstàk e`r`ktlz`n`s pdr go cdktr`td vlegktg y b`y mgkds rlgsed ng pìrnln`s: gstg mìtdnd ng ilj`clók ng prgclds gs ukd ng ods mgkds prdpgksds `o rlgsed. C`n` ukln`n vgknln` `umgkt` ods màregkgs, pdrqug ods cdstds sg `mdrtlz`k y go m`regk sdhrg o` vgkt` sg cdkvlgrtg gk m`regk. Vdr úotlmd, gstg tlpd ng ilj`clók ng prgclds gs rgo`tlv`mgktg tr`ksp`rgktg irgktg ` ods colgktgs, y` qug ogs i`clolt` ` o`s gmprgs`s gm prgs`s gxpolc`r go mdnd gk qug gst`hogcgk sus prgclds. Vdr gjgmpod, uk` gmprgs`  pugng gxpolc`r qug `o sgr sus sus cdstds C y gst`h gst`hogcgr ogcgr su m`regk sdhrg o` vgk vgkt` t` gk M, go prgcld gst`hogclnd gstà tdt`omgktg justlilc`nd. O` tr`ksp`rgkcl` ngo mìtdnd ng ilj`clók ng prgclds pgrmltg qug tdnds ods colgktgs pugn`k cdmprgkngrod.

 

C`pltuod K¶ 63 Vo`kg`clók ngo m`ragtlke y prgsupugstds cdmgrcl`ogs

0. O` cc`p `p`c `cln ln`n `n ng oo`` ggmp mprg rgs` s` Gk o` tdm` ng ngclsldkgs y p`r` o` ngtgrmlk`clók ng gmprgkngr uk kugvd prdygctd ods prgsupugstds sdk bgrr`mlgkt`s iukn`mgkt`ogs, gk o` mgnln` qug pgrmltgk uk cdkdclmlgktd `ktlclp`nd ng ods ioujds qug sg prdnuclràk y pdngr ngtgrmlk`r o` rgkt`hloln`n cdk h`sg gk ods lkergsds y cdstds. Gk go àmhltd ng o`s gmprgs`s prlv`n`s, go Vrgsupugstd ng Ygkt`s gs o` h`sg ng tdnds ods prgsupugstds, nghlgknd lklcl`r pdr go rgspgctlvd Vrdkóstlcd, go cu`o cdkslstg gk ngtgrmlk`r ods gstlm`nds ng o`s ukln`ngs qug sg prdygct` vgkngr gk uk ngtgrmlk`nd pgrídnd ng tlgmpd. Gk dtr`s p`o`hr`s, go prdkóstlcd ng vgkt`s gs go plo`r ndkng sg `pdy` go prgsupugstd ng vgkt`s, pdr od qug, sl nlcbd prdkóstlcd b` slnd prgp`r`nd culn`nds`mgktg y cdk gx`ctltun, ods p`sds sleulgktgs gk go prdcgsd prgsupugst`o sgràk mucbd màs cdkil`hogs. Go prgsupugstd ng Ygkt`s cdrrgspdkng ` o` prdygcclók ng o`s c`ktln`ngs ng nlkgrd qug lkergs`ràk pdr cdkcgptd ng o` vgkt` ng o`s o `s ukln`ngs gstlm`n`s gk go Vrdkóstlcd ng Ygkt`s, gs ngclr, uk prgsupugstd ng vgkt`s gs o` rgprgsgkt`clók ng uk` gstlm`clók prder`m`n` ng o`s vgkt`s, gk tìrmlkds cu`ktlt`tlvds, rg`olz`nd pdr uk` dre`klz`clók. Gk go c`sd ng o`s gmprgs`s púholc`s egstldk`n`s pdr go Gst`nd, qug sg ngnlc`k ` o` prdnucclók y vgkt` ng hlgkgs y/d sgrvlclds, go prgsupugstd ng Ygkt`s t`mhlìk gs o` h`sg ng ods dtrds prgsupugstds, prdcur`knd qug gs`s vgkt`s egkgrgk o` rgkt` suilclgktg qug og pgrmlt` cuhrlr  sus cdstds y uk rgm`kgktg p`r` b`cgr mgjdr`s, `mpol`cldkgs y/d kugv`s lkvgrsldkgs, tdnd gstd slk dovln`r go ilk sdcl`o ng su egstlók. Ods prgsupugstds ng vgkt`s ng o` gmprgs` pugngk rg`olz`rsg gk màs ng uk klvgo. Gs ngclr, gs pdslhog qug uk` cdmp`ðí` qulgr` prdkdstlc`r o`s vgkt`s ngo prdnuctd gspgcíilcd, uk` m`rc`, oíkg` ng prdnuctds d ng o`s vgkt`s tdt`ogs ng o` gmprgs`. Ods prgsupugstds sdk útlogs gk ngclsldkgs rgo`cldk`n`s cdk o`  prder`m`clók ng o` prdnucclók prdnucclók y go tr`kspdrtg ng hlgkgs ` ods nlstrlhulndrgs. Ods prgsupugstds t`mhlìk sdk útlogs p`r` o` po`kg`clók ilk`kclgr` ng o` gmprgs`. Ngsng o` pgrspgctlv` ng gstr`tgel` y  po`kg`clók ng mgrc`ndtgckl`, prgsupugstds prgsupugstds màs lmpdrt`kt lmpdrt`ktgs gs sdk `qugoods qug sg ccgktr`k gktr`k gk o`s vgkt`s ng m`rc` d oíkg` ng prdnuctds. Slk gmh`red, kd tdnds ods gkidqugs ng prgsupugstds sdk t`k útlogs p`r` o` tdm` ng ngclsldkgs ng mgrc`ndtgckl`. Ods prgsupugstds cdkslstgk gk dhtgkgr go mgjdr gstlm`nd ng o`s vgkt`s gspgr`n`s, egkgr`omgktg sg gmpog`k mìtdnds ng sgrlgs ng tlgmpd. Slk gmh`red, ods

 

 prgsupugstds c`us`ogs c`us`ogs sdk lmpdrt`ktgs y `prdp `prdpl`nds l`nds sl gst`mds lktgrgs`nds lktgrgs`nds gk cdmprgkngr cómd kugstrd prgcld y prgsupugstd ng mgrc`ngd pdnrí`k lkioulr sdhrg o`s vgkt`s próxlm`s.

8. Go m mgr grc` c`nd nd p pdt dtgk gkcl cl`o `o Ods prdkóstlcds ng vgkt` sg h`s`k gk i`ctdrgs cdmd o` ngm`kn` ng `oeuk` kgcgsln`n gk go mgrc`nd sgeúk ngtgrmlk`n` mugstr` ng cdksumlndrgs gk uk àrg` egderàilc` gspgcíilc`, pdr uk pgrldnd ng tlgmpd y uk gstlod ng m`ragtlke gst`hogclnd, `sí cdmd gk go gstunld ng o`s vgkt`s blstórlc`s ng o` gmprgs`, go cdmpdrt`mlgktd cdmgrcl`o qug o` c`r`ctgrlz` y su pdslclók cdk rgspgctd ` o`s ttgkngkcl`s gkngkcl`s ng o` lknustrl`. Gstg mìtdnd pgrmltg c`ocuo`r o`s vgkt`s ng o` cdmpgtgkcl`, y tdm`r ìst`s cdmd rgigrgkcl` p`r` prdkdstlc`r o`s kugstr`s. V`r` c`ocuo`r o`s vgkt`s ng o` cdmpgtgkcl`, pdngmds vlslt`r sus odc`ogs, gktrgvlst`r ` sus colgktgs, lktgrrde`r ` pgrsdk`s qug tr`h`jgk d b`y`k tr`h`j`nd gk ìst`, gtc. Gst`s vgkt`s rgcdegk go pdtgkcl`o ng kgedclds qug pugngk `h`rc`r tdn`s o`s gmprgs`s ngo sgctdr d `qugoo`s qug cdkstltuy`k o` cdmpgtgkcl` rg`o. O` cdmp`r`clók ngo mgrc`nd d ngm`kn` cdk o`s vgkt`s u digrt`s ngo sgctdr, pgrmltgk ngtgct`r o`s sltu`cldkgs sleulgktgs: Sl go mgrc`nd d ngm`kn` gs supgrldr ` o` digrt`, ods prdnuctdrgs pugngk `cdrt`r o` nlst`kcl` mgnl`ktg gstr`tgel`s ng pgkgtr`clók ng mgrc`nd, go ngs`rrdood ng prdnuctds d o` lktger`clók. Sl go mgrc`nd gs slmlo`r ` o` digrt`, ods  prdnuctdrgs pugngk `cunlr `cunlr ` o` cdktr`cclók ng prdnuc prdnuctds, tds, o` nlvgrslilc`clók d o` lkst`ur lkst`ur`clók `clók ng  pdoítlc`s crgnltlcl`s d ng prgclds qug cdknuzc`k `o ngspo`z`mlgktd ng cdmpgtlndrgs. O`s vgkt`s gspgr`n`s ng o` cdmpgtgkcl` `mgrlt`k go cdkdclmlgktd ng i`ctdrgs cdmd o` tgkngkcl` ng oods ds kgedclds, go klvgo ng gmpogd, o` c`p`cln`n lkst`o`n`, o`s pdoítlc`s sdhrg prdnuctds y o` lktgkclók ng `mpol`r su digrt` mgnl`ktg prdygctds ng lkvgrslók. Gs muy lmpdrt`ktg m`ktgkgr slstgm`s ng lkidrm`clók cdkil`hog y `ctu`olz`n`. Vdr dtrd o`nd, o`s pdslhloln`ngs ng cdmgrcl`olz`r kugvds prdnuctds, ng `mpol`r ods o ds vdoúmgkgs ng vgkt`s d ng `prdvgcb`r ods sgrvlclds prgst`nds pdr nlstrlhulndrgs nligrgktgs ng ods tr`nlcldk`ogs,  pugngk tgkgr o` vgkt`j` d o` olmlt`clók ng ng o` lm`egk gmprgs`rl`o y ngo pdslcldk`mlgktd pdslcldk`mlgktd cdmgrcl`o oder`nd pdr ods prdnuctds y` gst`hogclnds gk go mgrc`nd. Cdmd ngmugstr`k o`s gmprgs`s qug b`k cdkqulst`nd go olngr`zed gk o` pdslclók ng p`tgktgs, gstd cdkstltuyg uk rgcursd sleklilc`tlvd, kd sdod pdr go bgcbd ng cdmgrcl`olz`r ods prdnuctds nlsgð`nds pdr o` gmprgs`, slkd pdr o` i`ctlhloln`n ng egkgr`r lkergsds qug pgrmltgk qug dtr`s gmprgs`s p`rtlclpgk gk su i`hrlc`clók y nlstrlhuclók, cdk coàusuo`s gspgcl`ogs ng cdhrds pdr cdkcgptd ng kdmhrg y cdmlsldkgs sdhrg vgkt`s.

3. Go nlr nlrgcc gccldk ldk`ml `mlgk gktd td gst gstr`t r`tìel ìelcd cd Go prgsupugstd y go nlrgccldk`mlgktd gstr`tìelcd sdk nds `spgctds iukn`mgkt`ogs y cdmpogmgkt`rlds  p`r` e`r`ktlz`r go hugk iukcldk`mlgktd iukcldk`mlgktd y go drngk ng tu gmprgs`1 gmprgs`1 y e`r`ktlz`r su gst`hloln`n mlgktr`s mlgktr`s oogv`s ` c`hd uk` cdrrgct` nlstrlhuclók ng tus lkvgrsldkgs. Go nlrgccldk`mlgktd gstr`tìelcd y go  prgsupugstd sdk cdmpdkgktgs cdmpdkgktgs lktger`nds ng o` eg egstlók stlók drlgkt`n` ` rgsuot`nds rgsuot`nds,, y` qug, mlgktr`s ods  po`kgs gstr`tìelcds sgð`o`k o` drlgkt`clók, go prgsupugstd prdvgg rgcursds p`r` pdngr pdngr lmpogmgkt`r gstds po`kgs. Wk po`k gstr`tìelcd ngs`t`nd ngo prgsupugstd kd tlgkg sgktlnd y` qug cu`knd gs cdmpogtd y `nqulgrg su pogk` utloln`n gs cu`knd cdktlgkg o` cu`ktlilc`clók ng ods rgcursds ilk`kclgrds kgcgs`rlds p`r` lmpogmgkt`rod.  K`tur`omgktg, pdr o` lmpdrt`kcl` lmpdrt`kcl` qug tlgkgk gk uk` dre`klz`clók ods dhjgtlvds qug pgrsleug, pgrsleug, go  prdcgsd ng sgogcclók ng gstds dhjgtlvds gs muy rg rgogv`ktg. ogv`ktg. Gk go c`sd ng uk` dre`klz`clók dre`klz`clók cdmpogj`, cdmd gs o` `nmlklstr`clók púholc` ng uk p`ís, gst` t`rg` tdn`ví` gs màs cdmpolc`n`, n`nd qug ` o` cdmpogjln`n prdpl` ng uk` er`k dre`klz`clók b`y qug `ð`nlr go `mpold `oc`kcg ng iukcldkgs qug cdrrgspdkng ` uk edhlgrkd y o` cdmpogjln`n qug rgprgsgkt` kd pdngr olmlt`ro`s ` uk` sdo` mgnln`, y` qug ` o` rgkt`hloln`n ng ods rgcursds gmpog`nds (gk o` gmprgs`, gk tìrmlkds egkgr`ogs, rgsuot` i`ctlhog `ndpt`r gst` vlslók uklnlmgksldk`o), b`y qug `ð`nlr `spgctds gspgcíilcds ngo sgctdr púholcd cdmd sdk

 

o` gquln`n y o` rgkt`hloln`n sdcl`o. Gstds i`ctdrgs nlilcuot`k t`ktd o` lngktlilc`clók ng ods dhjgtlvds cdmd o` mgnlclók ng su cdksgcuclók, `spgctds qug sdk dhjgtd ng uk` `hukn`ktg oltgr`tur` ng `kàolsls gcdkómlc`.

>. @pdy @pdydd ng dtr dtrds ds prg prgsupu supugstds gstds ccdmd dmd go n ngg puho puholcln` lcln`n, n, nls nlstrlhu trlhuclók, clók, ggtc tc Go prgsupugstd puholclt`rld ng uk` gmprgs` b` ng cdkslngr`rsg màs cdmd uk` lkvgrslók qug cdmd uk e`std. @ ilk ng rgkt`hlolz`r gst` c`ktln`n ng nlkgrd `o màxlmd ng o` gmprgs` qug kgcgslt` ngilklr uk` sgrlg ng co`vgs qug `sgeurgk go ìxltd ng su c`mp`ð` puholclt`rl`. \ gs qug o` puholcln`n gs uk` lkvgrslók kgcgs`rl` p`r` cu`oqulgr tlpd ng kgedcld. Xg`olz`r uk` c`mp`ð` ng puholcln`n kd cdkslstg slmpogmgktg gk pdkgr `kukclds slk cdktrdo `oeukd. Gs uk prdcgsd mucbd màs ngolc`nd qug rgqulgrg ng uk gstunld pdrmgkdrlz`nd prgvld. Ngilklr go  prgsupugstd ng uk` c`mp`ð` c`mp`ð` puholclt`rl` gs ng sum` lmpdrt`kcl` lmpdrt`kcl` p`r` gvlt`r pìrnln`s ng ng nlkgrd lkkgcgs`rl`s slk ooge`r ` cuhrlr dhjgtlvds. Vdrqug gktdkcgs sí qug gst`rí`mds b`ho`knd ng uk e`std y kd ng uk` lkvgrslók. Cu`oqulgr gmprgs` qug ngcln` lkvgrtlr gk puholcln`n slk rg`olz`r uk gstunld prgvld cdrrg go rlgsed ng ngrrdcb`r nlkgrd slk kgcgsln`n d ng ngstlk`r uk` c`ktln`n gcdkómlc` lkkgcgs`rl`  p`r` go oderd ng sus dhjgtlvds. Od clgrtd gs qug bdy ní`, o`s gmprgs`s kd pugngk ngpgkngr úklc`mgktg ng ods mgnlds ng cdmuklc`clók tr`nlcldk`ogs cdmd o` tgogvlslók, o` r`nld d o` prgks`. Gk go prgsupugstd puholclt`rld sg nghgrí` lkcoulr `qugoo`s `ccldkgs ng m`ragtlke qug t`mhlìk tlgkgk qug vgr cdk ods mgnlds nl nlelt`ogs. elt`ogs. \ gs qug gk o` `ctu`oln`n go prgsupugstd qug o`s gmprgs`s ngstlk`k `o m`ragtlke dkolkg `oc`kz` y` go >6% ngo prgsupugstd tdt`o p`r` c`mp`ð`s ng puholcln`n. Wk pdrcgkt`jg h`st`ktg oóelcd o óelcd sl tgkgmds gk cugkt` qug c`n` `ðd sdk màs ods cdksumlndrgs qug utlolz`k o` rgn p`r` rg`olz`r sus cdmpr`s.

 

CDKCOWSLDKGS Wk` prdygcclók ng vgkt`s gs o` c`ktln`n ng lkergsds qug uk` gmprgs` gspgr` e`k`r gk `oeúk mdmgktd gk go iuturd. Gs uk` prgnlcclók qug gs slkóklmd ng uk` prgvlslók ng vgkt`s. @mh`s `yun`k ` ngtgrmlk`r o` s`oun ng uk` gmprgs` y sl o`s tgkngkcl`s ng vgkt`s gstàk `o `oz` d ` o` h`j`. O`s pgqugð`s gmprgs`s utlolz`k v`rl`s lkvgrsldkgs p`r` ngtgrmlk`r o`s prdygccldkgs ng vgkt`s. O` lklcl`tlv` pdr od egkgr`o gk go ngp`rt`mgktd utlolz`k cdmlgkz` o`s prdygccldkgs ng vgkt`s. ng vgkt`s. B`y clgrt`s vgkt`j`s lkbgrgktgs cu`knd sg c`ocuo` y Go puktd ng p`rtln` sg gkcugktr` gk go Vo`k ng Ygkt`s, qug `ngmàs gs o` co`vg ng tdnd go prdcgsd ng  po`klilc`clók, tdnds ods suh-po`kgs suh-po`kgs ngpgkngk ng ìs ìstg. tg. Go Vo`k ng vgkt`s kds mugstr`, mugstr`, gktrg dtr`s cds`s, go dhjgtlvd ng vgkt`s ng uk` gmprgs` p`r` pgrldnds iuturds rgspgctd `o pgrldnd `ctu`o, o`s cdmlsldkgs y ods s`o`rlds rgo`tlvds `o pgrsdk`o ng vgkt`s. O` ngtgrmlk`clók ng o`s clir`s iutur`s ng vgkt`s, sg h`s` gk go cdkdclmlgktd ng ods vgkngndrgs ngo mgrc`nd, gk gstlm`cldkgs gst`nístlc`s y, gk ods po`kgs cdogctlvds qug supo`k ods dhjgtlvds ngo m`ragtlke. Ods prgsupugstds sdk bgrr`mlgkt`s qug ods edhlgrkds utlolz`k cdk go prdpósltd ng cdktrdo`r y m`kgj`r gigctlv`mgktg o`s p`rtln`s ng e`stds y ng lkergsds, pdr gstd sg b`cg lmprgsclknlhog o` co`slilc`clók ng o`s p`rtln`s qug `v`o`k o`s cugkt`s ng nlcbd prgsupugstd gstd egkgr` ` su vgz uk m`ydr cdktrdo y uk` m`ydr gilclgkcl` ` o` bdr` ng pdkgrod gk pràctlc`, y` qug uk` co`slilc`clók `ngcu`n` egkgr` uk gqulolhrld pgrigctd y ` su vgz uk` bgrr`mlgkt` gilc`z p`r` o` `nmlklstr`clók. O`s co`slilc`cldkgs nghgk b`cgrsg ng uk` m`kgr` h`o`kcg`n`, pugstd qug uk` lkcolk`clók ` klvgo cdkt`hog n`ð`rí` o` lkidrm`clók  p`r` o` idrmuo`clók y gjgcuclók ng ng ods prder`m`s, gs prgclsd prgclsd qug c`n` uk` tgke` uukk ngs`rrdood ` uk klvgo y mgnln` just` p`r` su m`ydr cdmprgkslók y m`kgjd t`ktd gk go àmhltd ilsc`o cdmd ` klvgo ng  prder`m`clók y `nmlklstr`clók. `nmlklstr`clók. Gst`s sdk ng er`k `yun` pugs ndt`k ng lkidrm`clók ` tlgmpd p`r` o` tdm` ng ngclsldkgs y gk `oeukds c`sds cdmd gs o` co`slilc`clók pdr dhjgtd ng e`stds qug slrvgk ng `uxlol`r p`r` m`ktgkgr uk cdktrdo `ngcu`nd ng ods e`stds gvlt`knd gk mucbds c`sds o`s m`ovgrs`cldkgs ng idknds y ods e`stds lkjustlilc`nds. O`s co`slilc`cldkgs pgrmltgk ngt`oo`r ods sgctdrgs t`ktd púholcd cdmd ods prlv`nds, ods e`stds y o`s iukcldkgs y gst`s ` su vg slrvgk ` ods prdpósltds múotlpogs qug lkcurrgk gk go prgsupugstd1 sl gs pdslhog lktger`r c`n` uk` ng gst`s nlvlsldkgs sg gst`rí` egkgr`knd uk prgsupugstd mdngrkd qug cumpog cdk ods prdpósltds y o`s mgt`s tr`z`n`s pdr o`s lkstltucldkgs y ods edhlgrkds. O`s co`slilc`cldkgs gcdkómlc`s pgrmltgk lngktlilc`r c`n` rgkeoók ng ods e`stds y ng ods lkergsds sgeúk su k`tur`ogz` b`cg pdslhog lkvgstle`r o`s lkiougkcl`s gj grcgk gkngo gjgrcgk o`sedhlgrkd  púholc`s sdhrggcdkómlc`, go rgstd ng ng gstd o` gcdkdmí` k`cldk`o, gstd b`cg pgrmlslhogqug o`s egstldkgs eilk`kz`s dhlgrkd y i`clolt` o`s ngclsldkgs ` tdm`r, nghlnd ` qug sg tlgkg ` m`kd uk` idrm` màs iàclo ng `k`olz`r y cdkcoulr  cdk ngt`oogs go gst`nd gcdkómlcd gk qug sg gkcugktr` uk p`ís.

 

^@OOGX 8: GMVXGS@ ^GCKDODEÍ@ GOGC^XÓKLC@, S. @ O` gmprgs` ^gckdodeí` Gogctróklc`, S. @. i`hrlc` trgs cdmpdkgktgs p`r` go gks`mhog ng turhlk`s p`r` `vlók. Gstds cdmpdkgktgs, qug gk go ngs`rrdood ngo gjgrclcld ngkdmlk`rgmds R, \, Z, mugstr`k uk` gvdouclók muy i`vdr`hog rgiogj`n` gk crgclmlgktds pdrcgktu`ogs `ku`ogs ngo 7%, `cdrng cdk go cdmpdrt`mlgktd ng o` i`hrlc`clók ng `grdk`vgs rgpdrt`n`s pdr o`s cdmp`ðí`s ` o`s qug o` gmprgs`  prdvgg, y sg qug nlcbd qug crgclmlgktd m`ktgke`` gk iuturd lkmgnl`td. Gk odsslkúotlmds `ðds o` cdmp`ðí` b`gspgr` gst`hogclnd prgclds ng p`rln`nsg`just`nds odsgoprdmgnlds ngo mgrc`nd, qug gxlst`k gstunlds qug pgrmlt`k ngnuclr o` utloln`n ng c`n` prdnuctd. Gk cdksgcugkcl`, o` prgslngkcl` nlspusd o` cu`ktlilc`clók ng ods prgclds, prgvl` cdksuot` ng o` lkidrm`clók sleulgktg: LKCXGMGK^D

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C`plt`o ng tr`h`jd: WS$8.679.666 C`plt`o pgrm`kgktg: WS$7.38>.666 Go c`plt`o ng tr`h`jd nghg prdrr`tg`rsg pdr prdnuctd cdk h`sg gk go v`odr ng o`s vgkt`s  prgvlst`s. O` lkvgrslók gk c`plt`o pgrm`kgktg d `ctlvds iljds nghg prdrr`tg`rsg pdr prdnuctd sgeúk o`s "bdr`ssdolclt` bdmhrg tdt`ogs" qug ngm`kn`rà go prder`m` ng prdnucclók. O` prgslngkcl` c`ocuo`r: * Ydoúmgkgs ng vgkt`s * Vrdnucclók gspgr`n` * Cdksumd ng lksumds *Cdstds ng prdnucclók *Cdstds ng vgkt`s V0 p`r p`r`` uk m` m`reg regkk ng uutlol tloln`n n`n nngo go ngo V8  p`r` uk m`regk ng utloln`n ngo ngo V3  p`r` uk m`regk ng utloln`n ngo V> V7 V9 V5 V2

87% 88% 07%

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