Action Research Oral Language Skills for Kindergarten Students

Running head: ORAL LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT

Best Practices And Strategies To Increase Oral Language Skills For Kindergarten Students

Connie Crandall

University of Ne !ngland

A"ril #$ %&'(

1

ORAL LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT

2 Abstract

T)is action researc) investigated t)e *est strategies to use to )el" i+"rove kindergarten students, oral language skills- T)is "a"er co+"ares t)e results of t)e Clinical !valuation of Language Funda+entals . / 0C!LF1 an oral language "re and "ost test$ after five eeks of interventions- T)e interventions t)at ere ere i+"le+ented ere daily interactive interactive read2alouds it) a focus on voca*ulary$ daily2 daily2 s)ared readings and retellings of fa+iliar stories stories using "ro"s- T)e  "artici"ants in t)e study ere fourteen five 2 year old kindergarten kindergarten students- A +i3ed +et)ods a""roac) to data collection as utili4ed )ic) included rating scales$ o*servations$ a student survey and a "re and "ost . test- T)e findings su""ort t)e continued i+"le+entation of daily oral read alouds$ daily s)ared readings and retellings of stories using "ro"s-

ORAL LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT

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Table Table of Contents

Abstract...........................................................................................................2  Tabe  Tabe !" #!ntents....................................................................................... #!ntents.............................................................................. ...............$ ......$  Tabe  Tabe !" %igures...................................................................................... %igures............................................................................................... ..........& .& 'ntr!ducti!n.....................................................................................................( Rati!nae......................................................................................................( Pr!be) *tate)ent.......................................................................................+ Research ,uesti!ns......................................................................................+ -/!thesis....................................................................................................+ Literature Re0ie........................................................................................... Re0ie............................................................................................. .. *u))ar....................................................................................................12 Meth!d!!g..................................................................................................1$ *tate)ent !" the Pr!be)...........................................................................1$ Pr!be)...........................................................................1$ Pri)ar Research Research ,uesti!ns.......................................................................1$ ,uesti!ns.................................................................. .....1$ -/!thesis..................................................................................................1$ Research Design.........................................................................................1$ 'nter0enti!ns..............................................................................................13 'nstru)ents Used t! Obtain Data...............................................................1& Data Vaidit...............................................................................................14 Data Anasis..............................................................................................1( Partici/ants.................................................................................................1+ Resuts...........................................................................................................1+

ORAL LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT

3

%indings......................................................................................................1+ Discussi!n...................................................................................................24 #!ncusi!ns.................................................................................................$$ Li)itati!ns..................................................................................................$3 *u))ar and %urther Research.................................................................$3 Acti!n Pan.....................................................................................................$& #!ncusi!ns....................................................................................................$& Re"erences.....................................................................................................$( A//endi5 A....................................................................................................$ A//endi5 6....................................................................................................37 A//endi5 #....................................................................................................32 A//endi5 D....................................................................................................3$

ORAL LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT

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Table of Tables and Figures

 Tabe  Tabe 7........................................................................................... 7.................................................................................. .................. ................14 .......14  Trianguati!n  Trianguati!n Matri5.................................................................................14  Tabe  Tabe 1........................................................................................... 1.................................................................................. .................. ................1 .......1 *OLOM Obser0ati!n Obser0ati!n 8ee9 8ee9 1................................................................. 1........................................................ ............1 ...1  Tabe  Tabe 2........................................................................................... 2.................................................................................. .................. ................27 .......27 *OLOM Obser0ati!n Obser0ati!n 8ee9 8ee9 2................................................................. 2........................................................ ............27 ...27  Tabe  Tabe $........................................................................................... $.................................................................................. .................. ................27 .......27 *OLOM Obser0ati!n Obser0ati!n 8ee9 8ee9 $................................................................. $........................................................ ............27 ...27  Tabe  Tabe 3........................................................................................... 3.................................................................................. .................. ................21 .......21 *OLOM Obser0ati!n Obser0ati!n 8ee9 8ee9 3................................................................. 3........................................................ ............21 ...21  Tabe  Tabe &........................................................................................... &.................................................................................. .................. ................22 .......22 *OLOM Obser0ati!n Obser0ati!n 8ee9 8ee9 &................................................................. &........................................................ ............22 ...22  Tabe  Tabe 4........................................................................................... 4.................................................................................. .................. ................2$ .......2$ #EL% Pre PreT Test................................................................. est.......................................................................... .................. ................. ........2$ 2$  Tabe  Tabe (........................................................................................... (.................................................................................. .................. ................23 .......23 #EL% P!stT P!stTest..................................................................................... est..........................................................................................23 .....23  Tabe  Tabe +........................................................................................... +.................................................................................. .................. ................2& .......2& *tudent Reading *ur0e..........................................................................2&  Tabe  Tabe ........................................................................................... .................................................................................. .................. ................24 .......24 Obser0ati!n !" *tudent Pr!/ Usage.........................................................24  Tabe  Tabe 17........................................................................................... 17................................................................................. ................... ..............2( .....2(

ORAL LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT

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#EL% *c!re Di;erence 6eteen P!stTest and PreTest............................2( %igure 1..........................................................................................................2+ #EL% Pre and P!st Test *c!re Di;erence "r!) #riteri!n *c!re.................2+ %igure 2..........................................................................................................2 Percentage Percentage !" Reati0e #EL% *ecti!n 'ncrease.........................................2 'ncrease................................... ......2  Tabe  Tabe 11........................................................................................... 11................................................................................. ................... ..............$7 .....$7 *OLOM T!ta T!ta and 8ee9 #hange in *c!res.............................................$7 *c!res........................................... ..$7 %igure $..........................................................................................................$7 *OLOM Obser0ati!n Obser0ati!n #hange /er 8ee9 8ee9 /er #ateg!r.............................. #ateg!r..................... .........$7 $7 %igure 3..........................................................................................................$2 *tudents That *aid The En-

inde ?277 and 8ais9 8ais9 and #a)/be ?2712 ?2712 reiterate reiterate the i)/!rtance !" ch!!sing ne 0!cabuar !rds care"u and in ad0ance !" the ess!n. 8!rds needed t! understand te5ts te5ts that are being read sh!ud be the !rds !rds that are ch!sen "!r chidren chidren t! earn. earn. 't is i)/!rtant "!r chidren t! c!nnect the ne !rds ith !rds the aread 9n!. Gr!u/ing !rds int! categ!ries !r custers he/ chidren retain the )eaning !" ne !rds. ?Neu)an and 8right@ 8right@ 2712. Read&alouds" Anot)er effective strategy to develo" early language skills is reading out

loud- T)e classroo+ is t)e "lace to teac) oral language t)roug) interactive interactive read2alouds in a  "rint2ric) environ+ent it) +any o""ortunities for s)ared reading 0Dog$ %&''1%&''1- Interactive read2alouds encourage t)e c)ildren to "artici"ate in t)e reading *y ansering 5uestions or +aking co++ents as t)e story is *eing read- C)ildren s)ould *e encouraged to "artici"ate in t)e read2aloud to )el" it) t)eir understanding of t)e story *y +aking connections to t)e story and  *y learning ne voca*ulary 0Kindle$ %&&1- ->  "oints- Section '$ Assessing Assessing "oints and to students sa a %2"oint or '2"oint increase- Si3 students, scores stayed t)e sa+e and one student,s score decreased *y ' "oint-

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 NoteG Section Section 'G Assessing Assessing ord structurestructure- Section Section %G !3"ressive !3"ressive language2ord language2ord classes- Section Section >G Conce"ts Conce"ts and folloing directions- Section /G Decalling sentences-

Total Total scores for all sections only sa to students, scores decrease- Overall t)e strategies used correlated it) an increase in C!LF scores over t)e five2eek "eriod- 7ost students t)at eit)er +et or scored a*ove t)eir criterion score on t)e "re2test increased t)eir increased t)eir  "ost2test score- 7ost students it) it) scores *elo t)eir criterion score on t)eir "ost2test "ost2test scored t)e sa+e or a "oint *etter$ *ut alays still *elo t)e criterion score$ e3ce"t for once student t)at +et t)eir criterion score 0Figure '1- Ma&&>%/Kal+ar$ K- 0%&
- LetHs give c)ildren so+et)ing to talk a*out Oral language and  "resc)ool literacy- YC Young Children$ Children$ 630'1$ 630'1$ ##.%Detrieved fro+ )tt"GMM-9stor-orgMs )tt"GMM-9stor-orgMsta*leM/%>&%># ta*leM/%>&%># Kindle$ K- 6- 0%&&1- Eoca*ulary develo"+ent during d uring read2aloudsG Pri+ary "ractices- The  Reading Teacher  Teacher $ 63 0>1$ %&%.%''- doiG'&-'?#Mrt-(>->-> Lee$ E-!-  Burka+$ 8- 0%&&%1- ne!uality 0%&&%1- ne!uality at the starting gate" #ocial $ac%ground di&&erences di&&erences in achievement as children $egin school" >%'%&  Neu+an$S-B-   Nielsen$ 8- C-$ Friesen$ L- 8-$  Fink$ 6- 0%&''1- T)e effectiveness of a +odel of language2focused classroo+ instruction on t)e voca*ulary and narrative develo"+ent of kindergarten c)ildren- The 'ournal o& Education$ Education$ 19(0%M>1$ 19(0%M>1$ (>.Detrieved fro+ )tt"GMM-9stor)tt"GMM-9stor-orgMsta*leM/%//%>? orgMsta*leM/%//%>? Paciga$ K- A-$ @off+an$ 6- L-$  Teale$ Teale$ '' orgMsta*leM/%>''&& && Dog$ L- 6- 0%&''1- Read* 0%&''1- Read* +rite* play* learn, -iteracy -iteracy instruction in today.s today.s %indergarten%indergarten- Neark$ 8!G International Deading Association'/ ta*leM%>>%'>'/

ORAL LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT

$ Appendi+ A

Student Reading Surey

Student Na+eG

Date: '- 8o you you en9 en9oy oy rea readi ding ng==

es So+e)at

No

%- 8o you en9oy en9oy retel retellin ling g storie storiess using using "ro"s= "ro"s=

 e  es

>-

So+e)at

No

Are you you a good good sto story ryte tell ller er==

es So+e)at

No

/- Is storyt storytell elling ing easy easy for for you= you=

es So+e)at

No

ORAL LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT

37 Appendi+ ,

C(LF Screening Test

ORAL LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT

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ORAL LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT

32 Appendi+ C

#bseration )atri+

ORAL LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT

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Student Prop *sage Recording Instrument -ee% . Student A Student , Student C Student $ Student ( Student F Student 3 Student H Student I Student 4 Student 5  Student L Student ) Student 6

-ee% /

-ee% 0

-ee% 1

-ee% 2