Acti. 2 M3pdf

 

 

6-4->8>:

 J M \ K Y K L J L > @CL  @C L VG C =

X^ F ]F E\JLC E\JLC XC^ XC^ 2 A ëefs efs ks A jrmàj  s dgfy Dka Dk a ufr ufrj j gfbjelrj gfbj elrj M flfúc flfúc  s dgfy Jr J r jaýe ja ýe

 

 

KE\^CLVMMKÝE Fe gj prfsfetf mceskaej sf tkfef mc`c ikejgkljl gj f`prfsj Jmfktfs X\[ ].J. rfjgkzjrê uej fxpcrtjmkýe lf jmfktf lf pjg`j, gj f`prfsj fstê unkmjlj fe Mdktrë  ”  Dfrrfrj, fg pjàs k`pcrtjlcr fs Ktjgkj, fe Eêpcgfs. Fg jmfktf lf pjg`j rfikejlc sf f`pjmj fe tj`ncrfs c njrrkgfs lf pgêstkmc, mce uej mjpjmkljl mjpjmk ljl lf 68 okgcs mjlj uec? sf lfsfje fxpcrtjr = mcetfeflcrfs, fe mjlj mcetfeflcr mjnfe ue tctjg lf 98 njrrkgfs. Fe fg prcmfsc lf lftjggj keicr`jmkýe mgjvf mc`c gc sce2  

\kf`pc

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Mcstcs

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Lkstjemkj

Fs k`pcrtjetf djmf `femkýe quf sf f`pgfjrj fg KEMC\F^@ MX\ nclfaj lf k`pcrtjlcr, fe fg mujg, sus prkemkpjgfs mjrjmtfràstkmjs sf lkstkeaufe2 Xrkemkpjgfs cngkajmkcefs lfg vfelflcr  

Fg vfelflcr prcpcrmkcej uej ijmturj mc`frmkjg y ctrcs lcmu`fetcs rfqufrklcs fe pjpfg c fe icr`jtc fgfmtrýekmc.

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Fg vfelflcr fs rfspcesjngf lf gj fetrfaj lf gj `frmjemàj jg trjespcrtkstj fe fg guajr lf fetrfaj fe gj ifmdj jmcrljlj c lfetrc lfg pgjzc jmcrljlc.

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Fg vfelflcr fs rfspcesjngf lf gcs ljúcs c përlkljs lf gcs nkfefs djstj quf sf fetrfaufe jg trjespcrtkstj fe fg puetc lfskaejlc y lfetrc lfg tkf`pc fspfmkikmjlc.

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Fg vfelflcr lfnf mcetrjtjr u crajekzjr fg trjespcrtf lf `frmjemàjs djstj fg guajr lf lfstkec mcevfeklc. ]k tjg guajr ec fxkstf, fg vfelflcr puflf fgfakr fg puetc quf `fbcr sf jljptf j fstf prcpýsktc.

 

 

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Vej lf gjs cngkajmkcefs lfg vfelflcr fs cpfrjr lf jmufrlc mce tclcs gcs rfquksktcs lf sfaurkljl rfgjmkcejlcs mce fg trjespcrtf pjrj fg trjespcrtf jg lfstkec.

Fg mc`prjlcr jsu`f gcs mcstcs  

\clcs gcs ajstcs rfgjmkcejlcs mce gj `frmjemàj y su trjespcrtf lfslf fg `c`fetc lf su fetrfaj jg trjespcrtkstj (fxmgukljs gjs cngkajmkcefs lfg vfelflcr)?

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Gcs mcstcs lf trêesktc fxmguyfelc gjs cngkajmkcefs lfg vfelflcr fstjngfmkljs fe fg mcetrjtc lf trjespcrtf?

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Ajstcs lf lfsmjraj, j `fecs quf sfj cngkajmkýe lfg vfelflcr fstjngfmklj

fe fg mcetrjtc lf trjespcrtf?   Mcstcs lf lfspjmdc y trêesktc lf k`pcrtjmkýe?  

Xcskngfs mcstcs kemurrklcs pcr fg vfelflcr rfgjmkcejlcs mce gcs trê`ktfs lf k`pcrtjmkýe.

Fe fg trjnjbc sf lftjggj tclj gj keicr`jmkýe rfgfvjetf jg fstulkc.

 

 

MCE]KAEJ FTXC^\JMKÝE LF]LF GJ F@X^F]J J XVF^\C FE EÊXCGF]. XVF^\C FE EÊXCGF]

Cnbftkvc lf gj Xrcpufstj2 

  ^fljmtjr gcs rjsacs fsfemkjgfs lfg `cvk`kfetc pjrj gj fxpcrtjmkýe lf njrrkgfs lf jmfktfs lf Xjej`ê j Ktjgkj, Eêpcgfs.

@ctkvcs lf mcesklfrjmkýe2   Vnkmjmkýe

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  Mcstcs

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  \rjespcrtf

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  Lkstjemkj

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 J `flklj quf sf lfsmrknfe gjs mcesklfrjmkcef mcesklfrjmkcefs s sf lf`ufstrj lf`ufstrj gj k`pcrtjemkj k`pcrtjemkj fe mcetfxtc lfg nkfefstjr lf mjlj uej lf gjs ftjpjs, `cstrjelc fg iuelj`fetc lf gj k`pcrtjemkj lf gj sfgfmmkýe tc`jlj, lfslf fg pufrtc, tkf`pc, mcstc. Fe gcs efacmkcs ketfrejmkcejgfs sf jpgkmje mcemfptcs rfgfvjetfs fe jmmkýe mc`c gc sce2   KEMC\F^@]

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  Fgfmmkýe lf prcvfflcrfs

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  Lftfr`kejr mcstcs

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K`pcrtjemkj lf gj fxpcrtjmkýe pjrj JMFK\F] X\[ @flkjetf gj fxpcrtjmkýe sf pclrê fxjgtjr fg ec`nrf lf gj f`prfsj j ekvfg ketfrejmkcejg, tc`jelc fe mcesklfrjmkýe mjlj uej lf gjs ftjpjs lfg prcmfsc lf mjlfej lf su`kekstrc, nusmjelc fe fggj mrfjr nufej rfgjmkýe mce fg k`pcrtjlcr lf Ktjgkj, fe fg mujg, lfpfelkfelc lf gj fxpfrkfemkj fxpfrkf emkj lf efacmkjmkýe, mjgkljl lf prclumtc y tkf`pc gcarjrê cntfefr pcskngfs iuturcs mcetrjtcs, fe fg mujg, sf pfr`ktj cntfefr pcskngfs iuturcs mcetrjtcs mce ctrcs ketfrfsjlcs fe Furcpj.  J mcetkeujmkýe, mcetkeujmkýe, sf lftjggje gjs mjrjmtfràstkmj mjrjmtfràstkmjs s prkemkpjgfs prkemkpjgfs lf gj prcpufstj2 prcpufstj2 

 

 

M^K\F^KC]

MCE]KLF^JMKCEF]

Vnkmjmkýe Lf Gj F`prfsj  Jmfktfs X\[ sf unkmj fe gj Mkuljl lf Mdktrë prcvkemkj lf Dfrrfrj. Xrcvkemkj mjrjmtfrkzjlj pcr su prclummkýe

jaràmcgj,

vàjs

lf

jmmfsc, prcifskcejgfs fe fg êrfj lf jarkmugturj, k`pcrtjetf fe fg sfmtcr prk`jrkc.

Xufrtc Fstrjtëakmc Xjrj Fxpcrtjr Gj Mjraj

]f sfgfmmkceý fg pufrtc Njgncj pcrquf

fs

fg

`ês

mfrmjec

mcesklfrjelc quf gj `frmjemàj sf trjespcrtj lfslf Mdktrë j Xjej`ê tc`jelc `flkljs lf sfaurkljl y mjgkljl j gc gjrac lfg prcmfsc lfg trjespcrtf. Fg

pufrtc

keirjfstrumturj dcecrjrkcs

mufetj mc`pftktkvj

pcr

gcs

mce y

sfrvkmkcs

prfstjlcs fmceý`kmcs.

Xufrtc Lf Lfstkec

Fg pufrtc sfgfmmkcejlc gc tc`c fe mcesklfrjmkýe

fg

sfgfmmkcejelc

fg

k`pcrtjlcr pufrtc

lf

 

 

Eêpcgfs

fe

Ktjgkj

pjrj

su

trjespcrtf y njbc fg KEMC\F^@ MX\ sf prcmflfrê j ggfvjr j gj `frmjemàj j gj nclfaj mcevfeklj fe fg mcetrjtc.

Mcstcs Lf \rjsgjlc

Fg

mcstc

lf

trjsgjlc

lf

gj

`frmjemàj fstê fstkpugjlc sfaòe fg KEMC\F^@] MX\ mce fg prfmkc lf $=> :48>8 (Mjrrkjaf Xjkl \c) fs gj ògtk`j vfrskýe lf gcs Kemctfr`s lf MX\ KMM. \rjespcrtf pjajlc djstj pfrtfefmf jg arupc M (\rjespcrtf prkemkpjg pjajlc), fg vfelflcr mcemguyf ue mcetrjtc lf trjespcrtf mce fg trjespcrtkstj y jsu`f gcs ajstcs. Fe fstf mjsc, fg vfelflcr fs rfspcesjngf lf rfjgkzjr fg lfspjmdc lf fxpcrtjmkýe. Fg rkfsac rkf sac sf trjesikfrf fe fg `c`fetc lf fevkjr gj `frmjemàj jg mc`prjlcr. \clcs gcs jsuetcs quf surbje lfspuës lf mjrajr gcs mcstcs rfgjmkcejlcs mce fg trjespcrtf y ctrcs fvfetcs sce rfspcesjnkgkljl lfg mc`prjlcr. Fg arupc M kemguyf gjs skaukfetfs rfagjs lf Kemctfr`s2 MI^, MKI, MX\ y MKX.

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Fe gcs Kemctfr`s >8>8 MX\, lcs unkmjmkcefs sce k`pcrtjetfs2 fg guajr c puetc (sk gc dunkfrj) fe fg quf sf fetrfaje gjs `frmjemàjs (pjrj gj trjesifrfemkj lfg rkfsac) y fg guajr c puetc jmcrljlc mc`c lfstkec lf gjs `frmjemàjs (mc`c fg puetc jg quf fg vfelflcr sf mc`prc`ftf j mcetrjtjr fg trjespcrtf).

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]f jmcesfbj j gjs pjrtfs quf klfetkikqufe j`ncs guajrfs, c kemgusc puetcs lfetrc lf fscs guajrfs, mce gj `jycr prfmkskýe pcskngf fe fg mcetrjtc lf mc`prjvfetj. Klfetkikmjr fg guajr c puetc (sk gc djy) lf fetrfaj mce gj `jycr prfmkskýe pcskngf fs k`pcrtjetf pjrj jtfelfr gj sktujmkýe mc`òe fe gj quf sf

 

 

rfjgkzje vjrkcs trjespcrtfs, mjlj uec pjrj lkifrfetfs trj`cs lfg trêesktc lfslf gj fetrfaj djstj fg lfstkec. Mujelc fstc sumflf y gjs pjrtfs ec sf pcefe lf jmufrlc scnrf ue guajr c puetc lf fetrfaj fspfmàikmc, gj pcskmkýe prflftfr`kejlj fs quf fg rkfsac sf trjesikfrj mujelc gjs `frmjemàjs sf dje fetrfajlc jg prk`fr trjespcrtkstj fe ue puetc tctjg`fetf fgfaklc pcr fg vfelflcr y scnrf fg mujg fg mc`prjlcr ec tkfef mcetrcg.

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Vsjr Kemctfr`s >8>8 MX\ tkfef mcstcs2 \clcs gcs ajstcs rfgjmkcejlcs mce gj `frmjemàj y su trjespcrtf djstj gj fetrfaj jg trjespcrtkstj?mcstcs lf mjraj (fe fg trjespcrtkstj) y pcskngfs mcstcs lf lfsmjraj?gcs mcstcs lf trêesktc pcr mufetj lfg mc`prjlcr y gcs mcstcs lf lfspjmdc lf fxpcrtjmkýe y mcstcs kemurrklcs pcr fg mc`prjlcr rfgjmkcejlcs mce gcs trê`ktfs lf fxpcrtjmkýe.

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Fg mc`prjlcr jsu`f gcs mcstcs, \clcs gcs ajstcs rfgjmkcejlcs mce gj `frmjemàj y su trjespcrtf lfslf fg `c`fetc lf su fetrfaj jg trjespcrtkstj (fxmgukljs gjs cngkajmkcefs lfg vfelflcr)?Gcs mcstcs lf trêesktc fxmguyfelc gjs

cngkajmkcefs

lfg

vfelflcr

fstjngfmkljs

fe

fg

mcetrjtc

lf

trjespcrtf?Ajstcs lf lfsmjraj, j `fecs quf sfj cngkajmkýe lfg vfelflcr fstjngfmklj fe fg mcetrjtc lf trjespcrtf?Mcstcs lf lfspjmdc y trêesktc lf k`pcrtjmkýe y Xcskngfs mcstcs kemurrklcs pcr fg vfelflcr rfgjmkcejlcs mce gcs trê`ktfs lf k`pcrtjmkýe.

 

 

NKNGKCA^JIKJ

Ojevfg (>8>8), ³Zuë sce gcs kemctfr`s >8>83 Mgjskikmjmkýe y tkpcs, rfmupfrjlc lf2 dttps2//ojevfg.mc`/kemctfr`s/  

L]Y (>8>8), \kpcs lf Kemctfr`s® >8>8, rfmupfrjlc lf2 dttps2//www.lsv.mc`/fsfs/jyulj/ijq/tkpcs-lf-kemctfr`s->8>8  

Ecjd (>8>:), Kemctfr`s >8>8 IMJ2 ]pctgkadt ce Irff Mjrrkfr, rfmupfrjlc lf2 dttps2//www.sdkppkeascgutkces.mc`/ngca/kemctfr`s->8>8-imj-spctgkadt-ce-irffmjrrkfr