Accidentes Laborales

 

^OLRN]PLCDC OF]F]LNOSDI U]LRDCD H]DO JD]LP@DI CN D\D@^@AF BD@^ISDC CN @LNO@LDP N@FOÐJL@DP \ PF@LDINP NP@^NID CN DCJLOLPS]D@LÐO CN NJU]NPDP DPLHODS^]D; HNFH]DBÊD N@FOÐJL@D IDUPF D@DCÌJL@F L =5=4

ALHLNON \ PNH^]LCDC LOC^PS]LDI

Urfbnsfrd;

]ndilzdcf pfr;

Jdrtod Päo`anz

Knsûs Jnocfzd @.L.=2.12>.>50

 

]l`drcf Mncfyd @.L.=2.112.>54

 

Kfsì Jliiäo @.L. =1.=22.   Jfcnif Jfcnifss nst nstdcê dcêstl stl`fs `fs dpil`d dpil`dcfs cfs d id snhurl snhurlcdc cdc loc locust ustrld rldi,i, cn brn` br n`uuno`ld o`ld,, lo`l lo`lcn cno` o`ld ld,, sn snvn vnrrlc lcdc dc dp dpilil``dcfs dcfs d id sn snhu hurrlc lcdc dc locustrldi…………………………….48 @fstfs cn ifs d``lcnotns idmfrdins...................................=5 @fstfs dsnhurdcfs............. dsnhurdcfs................................. ....................................... ................................ .............== ==   Pnhurlcdc Pnhurlcdc mdsdcd no ni `fjpfr `fjpfrtdjln tdjlnotf otf LBM-LBO-LP LBM-LBO-LP snhûo 383 y DOPL [42…………………………….=3 @fo`iuslðo................................................................................=2 Mlmilfhrdbêd.................................................................................=8

 

 Snjd; D``lcnotn cn trdmdkf 4-Cnblol`lðo cn d``lcnotn cn trdmdkf;

D``lcnotn idmfrdi ns tfcf su`nsf rnpnotlof qun sfmrnvnohd pfr `dusd f no f`dslðo cni trdmdkf, y qun prfcuz`d no ni trdmdkdcfr uod inslðo frhäol`d, uod pnrturmd`lðo buo`lfodi f pslqulätrl`d, uod lovdilcnz f id junrtn. Ns tdjmlìo d``lcnotn cn trdmdkf dquni qun sn prfcu`n curdotn id nkn`u`lðo cn ðrcnons cni njpindcfr, f `fotrdtdotn curdotn id nkn`u`lðo cn uod idmfr mdkf su dutfrlcdc, duo bunrd cni iuhdr y afrds cn trdmdkf. @dmn cnstd`dr qun pdrd qun uo d``lcnotn d`` lcnotn tnohd nstd `foslcnrd`lðo (cn d``lcnotn idmfrdi) ns on`nsdrlf qun; 

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Tun ni trdmdkdcfr/d subrd uod inslðo `frpfrdi. Notnoclnocf pfr inslðo tfcf cdôf f cntrljnotf `frpfrdi `dusdcf pfr uod anrlcd, hfipn f nobnrjncdc. Pn dsljlido d id inslðo `frpfrdi ids sn`unids f nobnrjncdcns psêqul`ds f psl`fiðhl`ds. Tun nkn`utn uod idmfr pfr `unotd dknod (ifs dutðofjfs, njpindcds cn afhdr, of nstäo lo`iulcfs). Tun ni d``lcnotn snd `fo f`dslðo f pfr `fosn`uno`ld cni trdmdkf, ns cn`lr, qun nxlstd uod rnid`lðo cn `dusdilcdc ` dusdilcdc clrn`td notrn trdmdkf-inslðo.

Lhudijnotn sn `foslcnrdo d``lcnotns cn trdmdkf dquniifs qun sn prfcuz`do; Curdotn ni trdsidcf cn ifs trdmdkdcfrns f `fotrdtlstds cnscn su rnslcno`ld d ifs iuhdrns cn trdmdkf f vl`nvnrsd, `udocf ni trdospfrtn if sujlolstrn ni njpindcfr. Ufr id nkn`u`lðo cn d`tlvlcdcns rn`rndtlvds, cnpfrtlvds f `uiturdins, `udocf sn d`tûn pfr `unotd f no rnprnsnotd`lðo cni njpindcfr f cn id njprnsd usudrld, `udocf sn trdtn cn trdmdkdcfrns cn njprnsds cn snrvl`lfs tnjpfrdins qun sn no`unotrno no jlslðo. 

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=-Ninjnotfs qun lotnrvlnono no uo d``lcnotn idmfrdi;

No ni trdmdkf nxlstno `udtrf ninjnotfs prlo`lpdins no ifs prf`nsfs prfc pr fcu` u`tl tlvf vfs, s, qu qunn lo lotn tnrv rvln lnon onoo cn bf bfrj rjdd clrn clrn`t `tdd no ifs ifs d` d``l `lcn cnot otns ns idmfrd idm frdins ins,, nst nstfs fs `udtrf `udtrf ninjno ninjnotfs tfs sfo; sfo; pnrsfo pnrsfods, ds, nqu nqulpf lpf,, jdt jdtnrl nrldi di y djmlnotn. Nstfs ninjnotfs cnmno rnid`lfodrsn f lotnrd`tudr `frrn`tdjnotn pdrd nvltdr qun f`urrdo d``lcnotns. Id bdiid cn uof cn ifs ninjnotfs puncn ditnrdr di slstnjd tftdi. d. Unrsfods Pn cl`n qun uo d``lcnotn f`urrn pfr bdiids jn`äol`ds f pfr bdiids aujdods, no rndilcdc of nxlstn d``lcnotns pfr bdiids jn`äol`ds, pfrqun sl sn dafocd no ids `dusds cni d``lcnotn sn `fostdtd qun sn cnmlð d qun of sn alzf id rnpdrd`lðo fpfrtuod, of sn `djmlf id plnzd cntnrlfrdcd, of sn `ujpilð `fo ni `rfofhrdjd cn jdotnoljlnotf nstdmin`lcf, of sn usf ni nqulpf cn prftn``lðo f of sn dcfptf id jnclcd cn snhurlcdc pnrtlonotn, tfcds nstds `dusds sfo bdiids aujdods. Ids pnrsfods `fostltuyno ni prlo`lpdi ninjnotf cn id snhurlcdc, pfrqun ni tr trdm dmdk dkdc dcfr fr ns uo sn snrr pn pnos osdot dotn, n, do dodi diêt êtl` l`ff y pr prnv nvls lsfr fr,, pn pnrf rf rn rnqu quln lnrn rn `dpd`ltd`lðo `dpd`l td`lðo pdrd qun tnohd `fo`lno`ld cn ifs rlnshfs y pnilhrfs, y d`tuì no `fosn`uno`ld cn niif. Ni nrrfr aujdof sn puncn cnmnr d cfs jftlvfs; d uo d`tf losnhurf f duo bd`tfr pnrsfodi. Nstds bdiids idmfrdins cn ids pnrsfods puncno snr; ^o d`tf losnhurf; Ns uod `focu`td lodcn`udcd, cns`ulcdc u fsdcd, lo`i lo`iuy uynn uo uodd `d `dtn tnhf hfrê rêdd djpil djpildd cn d`tl d`tltu tucn cnss y `f `foc ocu`t u`tds ds,, td tdin inss `fjf `fjf;; sfmr sf mrn` n`dr drhd hd cn tr trdm dmdk dkf, f, cn cns` s`ul ulcf cf f bdit bditdd cn dt dtno no`l `lðo ðo pf pfrr su sunô nôff f `dosdo`lf, clstrd``lðo jfjnotäond, sumnstljd`lðo cni rlnshf, lhofrdo`ld cn ids jäqulods f cn sus jn`dolsjfs, of usf cn nqulpfs prftn`tfrns, bujdr no zfod prfalmlcd, iljpldr, rnpdrdr f iumrl`dr d uod jäqulod

 

no`aubdcd, jdi usf cn anrrdjlnotds, cnsfmnclno`ld ids ofrjds u ftrfs d`tfs jftlvdcfs pfr locls`lpilod f cns`fof`ljlnotf cni trdmdkdcfr. Bd`tfr pnrsfodi cn losnhurlcdc; Pn cnmn d `drd`tnrêstl`d, cnbl`lno`ld f `focl`lðo lotnin`tudi, psêqul`d f bêsl`d (trdosltfrld f pnrjdonotn) qun

pnrjltn nkn`utdrrnspn`tf ni d`tf losnhurf. Nstfs bd`tfrns puncno snrcnbn`tufsd, blslfiðhl`fs f sltud`lfodins, d ifs blslfiðhl`fs puncno snr; vlslðo ducl`lðo cnbl`lnotn, mdkd nstdturd, pf`d bunrzd, jdof pnqunôd u ftrf bd`t bd `tfr fr77 rnsp rnspn` n`tf tf d ifs ifs bd bd`t `tfr frns ns sltu sltud` d`lf lfod odin inss pu punc ncno no sn snrr bd bdtl tlhd hd f `dosdo`lf, clstrd``l `lððo f cnsdt dtnno`lðo, prfminjds pnrsfodins, cns`fof`ljlnotf cn prf`ncljlnotfs, lo`ujpiljlnotf d rnhids f ofrjds cn snhurlcdc, nt`. Id snhurlcdc no ni trdmdkf dpuotd buocdjnotdijnotn d `dpd`ltdr di trdmdkdcfr pdrd qun dcfptn no tfcf jfjnotf d`tltucns y `focu`tds snhu sn hurd rds, s, y ns nstf tf sn tr trdm dmdk dkdd no tr trns ns äj äjml mltf tfs7 s7 `f `fho holt ltlv lvf, f, db dbn` n`tl tlvf vf y `focu`tudi. M. Nqulpfs y jäqulods; Udrd ni trdmdkf sn usdo jäqulods, anrrdjlnotds f lostrujnotfs, ìstfs tlnono qun rnuolr ids `drd`tnrêstl`ds tì`ol`ds dprfpldcds pdrd ni trdmdkf d cnsdrrfiidr y cnmno rnuolr ðptljds `focl`lfons cn buo`lfodjlnotf, pfrqun sl of rnûono ids `focl`lfons pdrd su usf f nstäo cntnrlfrdcds puncno `dusdr inslfons d``lcnotns. Ifs nqulpfs snr slnrrds niì`trl`ds, niì`tr l`ds, prnos prnosdcfrds dcfrds,, fjnsd jnsds, s, jdrtl jdrtliifs, iifs, tdidcr tdidcrfs, fs,puncno vnaê`uifs, vnaê`uifs, tfrofs tfrofs,, `fjpd`tdcfrds, `u`aliids, nt`. @. Jdtnrldins; Pfo ifs losujfs qun sn njpindo no ni prf`nsf prfcu`tlvf, pdrd ni nbn`tf sn jdolpuido, trdsidcdo y dijd`nodo uod loblolcdc cn jdtnrldins, puncno snrr sð sn sðililcf cfss, iêqu iêqullcf cfs, s, hds dsnns, su susstd tdo` o`llds rd rdcl clfd fd`t `tlv lvds ds,, nt` t`.. @uy uydd jdolpuid`lðo, trdospfrtn y dijd`nodjlnotf cnmn nbn`tudrsn tnolnocf no `unotd tfcfs ifs rlnshfs y pnilhrfs qun `foiinvd, pdrd if `udi cnmno

 

usdrsn nqulpfs prftn`tfrns, ids prnocds dprfpldcds y clspfsltlvfs cn snhurlcdc nxlhlcfs. C. Djmlnotn; Ns tfcd `focl`lðo bêsl`d cni if`di, tdins `fjf; pdsdclzfs, ns`dinrds, nspd ns pd`l `lfs fs `f `fob oblo lodc dcfs fs,, zfod zfodss cn tr trdm dmdk dkf, f, nt nt`. `. Tu Tunn pu punc ncno no hn hnon onrd rdrr d``l d` `lcn cnot otns ns77 pfr nk nknj njpif pif ni pl plsf sf d` d`nl nltf tfsf sf f jf jfkd kdcf cf pu punc ncnn pr prfc fcu` u`lr lr rnsmdifons, `dêcds f inslfons7 plsfs y pdrncns `fo sdilnotns f aun`fs puncno `dusdr `frtns, hfipns f inslfons7 lostdid`lfons niì`trl`ds `fo didjmrns pnidcfs puncn `dusdr nin`trf`u`lðo, liujlod`lðo losubl`lnotn puncn `dusdr vlslðo cnbn`tufsd f `nhunrd jfjnotäond7 rulcf nx`nslvf punc pu ncnn `d `dus usdr dr sf sfrrcn cnrd rd tnj tnjpf pfrrdi di77 cn cnii jlsj sjff jfc fcff ns` s`di dinr nrds ds juy prfouo`ldcds puncno `dusdr `dêcds, rnsmdifons y hfipns y tdoquns jdi `nrrdcfs puncno `dusdr loadid`lðo cn hdsns tðxl`fs f sustdo`lds jdi dijd`nodcds puncno `dusdr rdcld`tlvlcdc. 0-Bd`tfrns qun `dusdo d``lcnotns;

Ifs d``lcnotns idmfrdins idmfrdins puncno  puncno su`ncnr pfr `dusds aujdods f jn`äol`ds, slnocf id jdyfr pdrtn cn ifs `dsfs cn frlhno aujdof. Ady dihuofs bd`tfrns qun puncno lobiulr no ifs d``lcnotns idmfrdins ifs `udins sfo; -losnhurlcdc.  Id onhilhno`ld cnd`tf uod pnrsfod qunnsprfcu`n ni prlo`lpdi bd`tfr cn Ns uo losnhurf,ifqun id vlfid`lðo cn uo prf`ncljlnotf qun sn `foslcnrd snhurf y qun ns cns`foslcnrdcf. Nstd ns uod cn ids `dusds jäs admltudins cn losnhurlcdc idmfrdi, ids onhilhno`lds, ni cns`ulcf no id jdolpuid`lðo cn jäqulods, anrrdjlnotds y vnaê`uifs cn `drhd puncn f`dslfodr `fosn`uno`lds cn hrdvncdc, tdotf pdrd ni fpnrdcfr qun prfvf`d ni d``lcnotn, `fjf pdrd ni rnstf cn pnrsfods qun sn no`unotrdo no ni iuhdr. Ns buocdjnotdi qun tfcfs ifs njpindcfs rn`lmdo id `dpd`ltd`lðo `frrnspfoclnotn pdrd hdrdotlzdr id snhurlcdc no ni cnsdrrfiif cn sus tdrnds. Dihuofs nknjpifs jäs `fo`rntfs cn d`tfs

losnhurfs qun cnmnjfs nvltdr d tfcd `fstd sfo;

 

‐ Srdmdkdr sfmrn uod ns`dinrd slo dpfyf blkf ‐ Of usdr droìs `udocf sn trdmdkd d clbnrnotns diturds f of nohdo`adr ni droìs d uo puotf snhurf ‐ @drhdr jdtnrldins, nqulpfs y anrrdjlnotds cn bfrjd lodcn`udcd. ‐ Srdmdkdr no nstdcf cn nmrlncdc. ‐ ]ndilzdr mrfjds curdotn ni trdmdkf. -@dusds pnrsfodins qun sfo `dusds lotnrods di prfplf trdmdkdcfr y `dusdo hrdo pdrtn cn ifs d``lcnotns. -Jnclf djmlnotn, qun di lhudi qun ids `dusds pnrsfodins, sfo `dusds lotnrods di trdmdkdcfr, pnrf ìstds nstäo jftlvdcds pfr ni djmlnotn sf`ldi cfocn ids pnrsfods vlvno, trdmdkdo y sn cnsnovunivno. Nknjpifs; 

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Urfminjds cn sdiuc Urfminjds sf`ldins y n`foðjl`fs Sfcfs nstfs bd`tfrns sn no`unotrdo notrnidzdcfs notrn sê. -Cnsfrhdolzd`lðo; Ifs ns Ifs nspd pd`l `lfs fs cn tr trdm dmdk dkff cnsf cnsfrh rhdol dolzd zdcf cfss sfo sfo jf jftl tlvf vf br brn` n`un unot otnn cn d``l d` `lcn cnot otns ns.. Ni cn cnsf sfrc rcno no cn ifs ifs fm fmkn kntfs tfs clsp clspnr nrsf sfss punc puncnn pr prfv fvf`d f`drr trfpnzfons y `dêcds, nspn`ldijnotn sl sn uml`do no pdsliifs y zfods cn di ditf tf tr träos äoslt ltf. f. Ni jd jdtn tnrl rldi di cn tr trdm dmdk dkff y id idss an anrr rrdj djln lnot otds ds cnmn cnmnoo sn snrr dijd`nodcfs no nstdotnrêds `dkfons`udocf cn bfrjd Adyprfcu`tfs qun tnonr uo `ulcdcf nspn`ldi `fo niy frcno sn dcn`udcd. trdmdkd `fo quêjl`fs y jdtnrldins lobidjdmins f pnilhrfsfs. -Nx`nsf cn `fobldozd; No ju`ad ju`adss f`dsl f`dslfons fons ifs njpin njpindcfs dcfs qun iinv iinvdo do rndilz rndilzdocf docf id jlsj jlsjdd tdrnd curdotn ju`af tlnjpf sn `fobêdo y sn sditdo ids ofrjds cnkdocf cn tfjdr ids prn`du`lfons on`nsdrlds pdrd nvltdr d``lcnotns. Ufr ju`ad nxpnrlno`ld qun tnohds no dihf, sditdrsn ids ofrjds cn snhurlcdc f prnnvno pr no`l `lðo ðo cn rl rlnnshf hfss idmf idmfrd rdin inss ns uod lj ljpr pruc ucno no`l `ldd qun cn cnmn mnss

 

nvltdr.. ]ns nvltdr ]nspnt pntdd sln slnjpr jprnn id snôdi snôdi ìtl ìtl`d `d cn snh snhurl urlcdc cdc y ifs jdoudin jdoudinss cn ofrjds y prf`ncljlnotfs qun tfcd njprnsd cnmn tnonr. 3-Sì`ol`ds y prf`ncljlnotfs pdrd `fotrfidr d``lcnotns cn trdmdkf;

Ids tì`ol`ds cn snhurlcdc sn puncno `idslbl`dr dtnoclnocf d clstlotfs dspn`tfs, pnrf sl sn tfjd `fjf puotf cn rnbnrno`ld ni jfjnotf no qun sn prfcu`n ni d``lcnotn, sn puncno nstdmin`nr trns hrupfs; 

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Sì`ol`ds d`tlvds Sì`ol`ds rnd`tlvds Sì`ol`ds `fjpinjnotdrlds -Sì`ol`ds d`tlvds; Pfo dquniids tì`ol`ds cn snhurlcdc qun pidolbl`do id prnvno`lðo dotns cn qun sn prfcuz`d d``lcnotn. Udrd niif, snnvdiûdo lcnotlbl`do ifs pnilhrfs nxlstnotns no ifsnipunstfs cn trdmdkf y sn tfcfstfcfs ifs rlnshfs n lotnotdo `fotrfidrsn jncldotn dkustns tì`ol`fs y frhdolzdtlvfs. No nstd tì`ol`d sn puncno no`fotrdr, pfr nknjpif, id nvdiud`lðo cn rlnshfs y ids lospn``lfons cn snhurlcdc notrn ftrds. Nstd nvdiud`lðo sn iinvd d `dmf `fo uo doäilsls `udiltdtlvf cn rlnshfs clrlhlcf d lcnotlbl`dr y cns`umrlr ifs rlnshfs nxlstnotns no uo cntnrjlodcf trdmdkf y uo doäilsls `udotltdtlvf `uyf fmkntlvf blodi ns dslhodr uo vdifr d id pnilhrfslcdc cn nstfs rlnshfs cn bfrjd qun sn puncdo `fjpdrdr y frcnodr notrn sê pfr su hrdo ljpfrtdo`ld. -Sì`ol`ds rnd`tlvds; Pfo dquniids tì`ol`ds cn snhurlcdc qun d`tûdo uod vnz qun sn ad prfcu`lcf ni d``lcnotn n lotnotdrä cntnrjlodr ids `dusds cn ìstn pdrd prfpfonr n ljpinjnotdr ids jnclcds cn `fotrfi, ` fotrfi, nvltdocf qun sn vunivd d prfcu`lr. Notrn tfcf nstf sn cnstd`d id lovnstlhd`lðo cn d``lcnotns y ni `fotrfi nstdcêstl`f cn id d``lcnotdilcdc.

 

Id lovnstlhd`lðo cn d``lcnotns tlnon `fjf puotf cn drrdoqun ni prfplf d``lcnotn y sn puncn cnblolr `fjf id tì`ol`d utlilzdcd pdrd ni doäilsls no id prfbuoclcdc cn uo d``lcnotn idmfrdi qun adyd su`nclcf. Ids tì`ol`ds cn snhurlcdc sn puncno `idslbl`dr dtnoclnocf d clstlotfs dspn`tfs Sì`ol`ds `fjpinjnotdrlds; Ids tì`ol`ds cn snhurlcdc `fjpinjnotdrlds sn no`unotrdo `fostltulcds pfr ids ofrjds y id snôdilzd`lðo. Ni hnrnotn cnmnrä pidolbl`dr tfcds ids i ds d`tud`lfons prnvnotlvds on`nsdrlds qun niljlono ids `fosn`uno`lds onhdtlvds qun puncdo pfonr no rlnshf id snhurlcdc y id sdiuc cn ifs njpindcfs. Nstf sn puncn iinvdr d `dmf rndilzdocf cfs tì`ol`ds cn snhurlcdc, `fjf puncno snr; 

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Ids tì`ol`ds cn prnvno`lðo Ids tì`ol`ds cn prftn``lðo Ids tì`ol`ds cn prnvno`lðo cn rlnshfs idmfrdins, sfo ids qun sn no`unotrdo no`djlodcds d d`tudr cn bfrjd clrn`td sfmrn tfcfs ifs rlnshfs, dotns cn qun sn jdtnrldil`no y puncdo prfcu`lr cdôfs no id sdiuc cn ifs trdmdkdcfrns. Pfo tì`ol`ds cn tlpf d`tlvf. Ids d`tud`lfons prnvnotlvds no uod frhdolzd`lðo, puncn snr cn tlpf jdtnrldi f rnid`lfodcds `fo id bfrjd`lðo cn ifs trdmdkdcfrns. Ni prlo`lpdi prfminjd qun prnsnotdo ids d`tud`lfons prnvnotlvds cn tlpf jdtnrldi, ns ni nofrjn `djpf cn d`tud`lðo y id nxtrdfrclodrld `fjpinklcdc y clvnrslcdc. Ids `focl`lfons jdtnrldins qun ni juocf idmfrdi fbrn`n afy no cêd nstdmin`no uofs iêjltns notrn ids tì`ol`ds. Nstd tì`ol`d f cls`lpilods prnvnotlvds sfo;

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Id snhurlcdc no ni trdmdkf; ns id cls`lpilod qun nstucld ifs rlnshfs y ids `focl`lfons jdtnrldins qun sn rnid`lfodo `fo ` fo ni trdmdkf. Uuncn dbn`tdr cn bfrjd clrn`td f loclrn`td d id lotnhrlcdc bêsl`d cn ifs njpindcfs.

 

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Id alhlnon locustrldi f id alhlnon idmfrdi; nstä `foslcnrdcd `fjf dquniid cls`lpilod prnvnotlvd `uyf fmkntlvf buocdjnotdi ns lcnotlbl`dr, nvdiudr y `fotrfidr ids `fo`notrd`lfons cn ifs clbnrnotns `fotdjlodotns. Uuncno snr cn `drä`tnr bêsl`f, quêjl`f f mlfiðhl`f. Id nrhfofjêd; trdtd cn id dcn`ud`lðo notrn ids clbnrnotns `dpd`lcdcns cn ids pnrsfods y ids nxlhno`lds cn ids `dpd`lcdcns cnjdocdcds pfr ids tnrnds cni trdmdkf iinvdcf d `dmf. No uo prlo`lplf sn clrlhêd buocdjnotdijnotn di nstuclf y d id dcn`ud`lðo cn ids cljnoslfons cn ifs punstfs cn trdmdkf, ifs i fs nsbunrzfs y ifs jfvljlnotfs rnqunrlcfs pfr id tnrnds. @fo ni tlnjpf sn lo`iuynrfo ftrfs dspn`tfs `fjf nrd ni jnclf djmlnotn, cnotrf cni `udi sn lo`iuêdo notrn ftrfs id liujlod`lðo, id tnjpnrdturd, id aujncdc y ifs olvnins cn rulcf. -Sì`ol`ds Fpnrdtlvds Udrd `fovnrtlr ifs doäilsls cn rlnshfs y cnjäs nstuclfs cn snhurlcdc no dihf ûtli, ad`n bditd, jdtnrldilzdr no lovnrslfons lovnrslfons,, no nqulpfs, no bfrjd`lðo, no frhdolzd`lðo frhdolzd`lðo,, notrn ftrfs, tfcf if lcnotlbl`dcf no id jntfcfifhêd dodiêtl`d. Udrd niif ad`n bditd pfonr no prä`tl`d id jntfcfifhêd fpnrdtlvd cn id snhurlcdc, mdsdcd no hrdo jnclcd no uod lovfiu`rd`lðo cn tfcfs ifs i fs ninjnotfs aujdofs qun lotnrvlnono no ids d`tlvlcdcns y ifs prf`nsfs prf`nsfs  trdtdcfs trdtdcfs,, cn tdi jdonrd qun `fofz`do sus `fjntlcfs cn snhurlcdc. No ju`afs `dsfs cl`afs ninjnotfs aujdofs of tlnono pfr quì pfsnnr ifs `fof`ljlnotfs tì`ol`fs pdrd notnocnr ids mdsns cn id ofrjdtlvd cn snhurlcdc, ns ljprns`loclmin qun buo`lfon nbl`lnotnjnotn id bfrjd`lðo no jdtnrld cn snhurlcdc, y sn prfvndo cn jìtfcfs fpnrdtlvfs pdrd qun id ofrjdtlvd dpil`dmin y ifs prlo`lplfs prlo`lplfs hnonrdins  hnonrdins cn snhurlcdc locustrldi puncdo snr dsljlidcfs d tfcfs ifs olvnins. >-Dpil`d`lðo cn ifs bd`tfrns cn d``lcnotns. ^o d``lcnotn idmfrdi sn puncn `foslcnrdr `fjf uod bdtdilcdc, pnrf no rndil rn dilcd cdcc su suni ninn sn snrr ni rn rnsu suit itdcf dcf cn uo no no`d `dcn cnod odjl jlno notf tf cn bd bd`t `tfr frns ns jûitlpins. @udocf uod vnz dodiêtl`f. f`urrlcf \ninotrn d``lcnotn sn lovnstlhd, if qunpdrd sn ad`n ns dpil`dr uo jìtfcf ifs prlo`lpdins jìtfcfs

 

lovnstlhdr ifs d``lcnotns idmfrdins nstä ni jìtfcf cn id `dusd prlo`lpdi y ni jìtfcf cni ärmfi cn ids `dusds. Ns uo doäilsls jäs tì`ol`f y fmkntlvf cni qun sn sunin nxtrdnr cn id prnosd. @fjf dpil`d`lðo cn nstfs jìtfcfs sn vd d dodilzdr uo d``lcnotn tdo rndi `fjf trähl`f pfr sus `fosn`uno`lds; ni =8 cn Pnptlnjmrn cn =550 jurlnrfo pfr dsblxld trns fmrnrfs cnotrf cn uo `fin`tfr no [drdhfzd. Pnhûo ni jìtfcf cn id `dusd prlo`lpdi sn `foslcnrdrä nstn d``lcnotn `fjf rnsuitdcf cn uo no`dcnodjlnotf cn `dusds, cn ids `udins admrä qun mus`dr id `dusd prlo`lpdi `fjf dquniid qun, uod vnz suprljlcd, sn aumlnrd nvltdcf ni d``lcnotn. Pnhûo ni jìtfcf cni ärmfi cn ids `dusds sn vd d lovnstlhdr nstn d``lcnotn `foslcnräocfif `fjf rdrf (yd qun ns nxtrdôf qun nstn d``lcnotn sn vunivd d prfcu`lr qun ftrddûo vnz)slnocf y `fjf `fjpinkf (yd qun tlnon su frlhno no vdrlfs ninjnotfs `fjuons d ftrfs d``lcnotns, of nstäo frcnodcfs cn id jlsjd bfrjd). Id lcnd cn id lovnstlhd`lðo cn uo d``lcnotn of ns ftrd qun id cn dprnocnr cn ifs nrrfrns `fjntlcfs, yd qun no id jdyfr pdrtn cn f`dslfons, ids `dusds cni d``lcnotn cnrlvdo cn nrrfrns u fjlslfons. Nstn jìtfcf sn mdsd no d`tudr sfmrn ni jdyfr oûjnrf cn `dusds pfslmins. \ ni nknjpif `ltdcf bun, pfr cnshrd`ld, uo `ûjuif cn an`afs (qun dcnjäs sn ado no`dcnodcf y dhrupdcf notrn sê) qun sn puncno dodilzdr pdrd cns`umrlr quì aumlnrd an`af bditd pdrd qun `dcd uof cn nsfs an`afs of sn aumlnrdo prfcu`lcf. 4-Id lovnstlhd`lðo cn d``lcnots y clrn``lðo cn prfyn`tfs; ^o d` d``l `lcn cnot otn, n, pf pfrr `u `udo dotf tf ns uo su su`n `nsf sf qu qunn ad prfc prfcu` u`lc lcff cd cdôf ôfss d pnrsfods, lostdid`lfons f prfcu`tfs, y qun dcnjäs of nstdmd prnvlstf ol nrd cnsndcf, cnmn snr trdtdcf pfr ni Clrn`tfr cn Urfyn`tf `fjf uo nrrfr cni qun ady qun dprnocnr uod ljpfrtdotn in``lðo.

 

Ni Clrn`tfr cn Urfyn`tf Urfyn`tf no su bd`ntd prncl`tl prncl`tlvd vd cnmnrêd admnr an`af if pfslmin pfr nvltdr ni d``lcnotn, pnrf uod vnz qun ìstn sn ad prfcu`lcf, ni Clrn`tfr cn Urfyn`tf cnmn clrlhlr id lovnstlhd`lðo cni d``lcnotn. No nstd lovn lovnst stlh lhd` d`lð lðo, o, ni Cl Clrn rn`t `tfr fr cn Urfy Urfyn` n`tf tf of cn cnmn mn tr trdt dtdr dr cn mu mus` s`dr dr `uipdmins, slof frlnotdr ni trdmdkf d mus`dr ids `dusds rndins pdrd `frrnhlrids

y

nvltdr

ounvfs

d``lcnotns.

Id lovnstlhd`lðo cn ifs d``lcnotns ns ftrd bfrjd d trdvìs cn id `udi ni Clrn`tfr cn Urfyn`tf dpil`drä `fof`ljlnotfs, admlilcdcns, anrrdjlnotds y tì`ol`ds d ids d`tlvlcdcns cni prfyn`tf pdrd sdtlsbd`nr f nx`ncnr ids on`nslcdcns y nxpn`tdtlvds cn ids notlcdcns lovfiu`rdcds no uo prfyn`tf. W’Huêd cn ifs buocdjnotfs cn id Clrn``lðo cn Urfyn`tfs‚, UJLZ7 y pfr ftrd ft rd pdrt pdrtnn ni Loh Lohno noln lnrf rf cn Ur Urfy fyn` n`tf tfss (nxt (nxtrd rdpf pfid idmi minn di Clrn Clrn`tf `tfrr cn Urfyn`tf) trdmdkdrä ad`ld id prftn``lðo nbl`dz cn `udiqulnr cdôf bêsl`f, jnot jn otdi di f jf jfrd rdii d sus `fid `fidmf mfrd rdcf cfrn rnss y nj njpi pind ndcf cfss Wdpd Wdpdrt rtdc dcff c) cn cnii Drtê Dr tê`u `uif if LLL LLL cni cni @ð @ðcl clhf hf Cn Cnfo fotf tfiðh iðhl` l`ff cn cnii Loh Lohno noln lnrf rf cn Ur Urfy fyn` n`tf tfs, s, DNLU]FZ. No `udotf d ifs dspn`tfs inhdins cn id lovnstlhd`lðo cn d``lcnotns, id Iny cn Urnvno`lðo cn ]lnshfs Idmfrdins (I.U.].I.) nstdmin`n no su drtê`uif 42.0, qun ni njprnsdrlf cnmn lovnstlhdr ifs an`afs qun adydo prfcu`lcf uo cdôf pdrd id sdiuc cn ifs trdmdkdcfrns, `fo ni blo cn cntn`tdr sus `dusds. @fo ni slstnjd prnvnotlvn d`tudi, in `frrnspfocn di Sì`ol`f cn Urnvno`lðo (pfslminjnotn cni Pnrvl`lf cn Urnvno`lðo, yd snd prfplf f dknof) qulno cnmnrêd lovnstlhdr ni d``lcnotn, pnrf no `udotf di dpfyf no tfcf jfjnotf pfr ifs jdocfs clrn`tlvfs, id `dmnzd cn id lovnstlhd`lðo snôdid `idrdjnotn di Clrn`tfr cn Urfyn`tf. =-Cns`rlp`lðo cni d``lcnotn; @.H.F., cn => dôfs cn ncdc y odturdi cn N`udcfr, notrð no uo pfzf cn uo `fiin`tfr cn dhuds rnslcudins cn uod njprnsd pdpninrd. Ni jftlvf cn ifs trdmdkfs nrdo rn`fhnr uofs puotdins cn no`fbrdcf cni lotnrlfr cni `fin`tfr. Di vnr qun of sdiêd, su `fjpdônrf R.I.I., cn 30 dôfs bun no su duxlilf. Bunrd nspnrdmd ni no`drhdcf cn id fmrd, K.@.]., cn >0 dôfs, qulno,

 

`fjf of cdmdo snôdins cn vlcd, tdjmlìo sn lotrfcukf no ni `fin`tfr `fo id dyucd cn uod `unrcd `fo id lotno`lðo cn sd`dr d ifs cfs dotnrlfrns. Ifs trns jurlnrfo pfr loadid`lðo cn dihûo alcrf`drmurf tðxl`f. @udocf bunrfo rns`dtdcfs yd slo vlcd, ifs mfjmnrfs `fjprfmdrfo qun olohuof cn ifs bdiin`lcfs pfrtdmd uo nqulpf cn rnsplrd`lðo dutðofjf, tdo sfif ni prljnrf pfrtdmd jds`drliid. @ffrclodcfr Pdiuc nosfmrn bdsn cn nkn`u`lðouodvlsltdmd `dsl Nid cldrlf id zfodcnyPnhurlcdc rndilzdmd ylobfrjns ni nstdcf cn id fmrd. 0-Dpil`d`lðo cni jìtfcf no id `dusd prlo`lpdi; 0.4.-

Jntfcfifhêd

Ni prf`ncljlnotf d snhulr sn puncn rnsujlr cn id slhulnotn bfrjd; d)

Noujnrd`lðo

cn

tfcds

ids

`dusds

m) Dhrupd` d`llðo cn ids `d `duusds no cfs tlpfs; aujdods y tì`ol` ol`ds `) Pnin``lðo cn ids `dusds prlo`lpdins (qun sfo dquniids qun sl sn aumlnrdo a umlnrdo suprljlcf, of sn admrêd prfcu`lcf ni d``lcnotn 0.=.d) Noujnrd`lðo cn ids `dusds; ± Dusno`ld cni nqulpdjlnotf on`nsdrlf ± ^sf cn nqulpdjlnotf of dcn`udcf ± Bditd cn prf`ncljlnotf cn trdmdkf ± Bditd cn bfrjd`lðo ± Bditd cn lobfrjd`lðo

Lovnstlhd`lðo

 

± Ljprucno`ld cni prljnr trdmdkdcfr ± Njftlvlcdc cn ifs ftrfs cfs trdmdkdcfrns ± Dtjðsbnrd tðxl`d ± Bditd cn jncl`lðo ± On`nslcdc cn d``nsf cni prljnr trdmdkdcfr ± On`nslcdc cn d``nsf cn ifs ftrfs cfs trdmdkdcfrns ± Bditd cn supnrvlslðo m) Dhrupd`lðo cn ids `dusds; Aujdods; Ljprucno`ld cni prljnr trdmdkdcfr Njftlvlcdc cn ifs ftrfs cfs trdmdkdcfrns Sì`ol`ds; Bditd cn bfrjd`lðo Bditd cn lobfrjd`lðo Dusno`ld cni nqulpdjlnotf on`nsdrlf ^sf cn nqulpdjlnotf of dcn`udcf Bditd cn prf`ncljlnotf cn trdmdkf Dtjðsbnrd tðxl`d Bditd cn jncl`lðo On`nslcdc cn d``nsf cni prljnr trdmdkdcfr On`nslcdc cn d``nsf cn ifs ftrfs cfs trdmdkdcfrns Bditd cn supnrvlslfo `)

Pnin``lðo

cn

ids

`dusds

prlo`lpdins;

 

Ady qun tnonr no `unotd qun ns juy clbê`li d`tudr sfmrn ids pnrsfods, ns jäs bä`li d`tudr sfmrn ids `dusds tì`ol`ds. Ns cn`lr, qun ns juy clbê`li d`tudr sfmrn id pfsslmin ljprucno`ld y njftlvlcdc cn ifs trdmdkdcfrns. Ufslminjnotn ni prljnr trdmdkdcfr pnosð qun su fibdtf in dinrtdrêd cn `udiqulnr prfminjd, y pfslminjnotn d ifs ftrfs cfs trdmdkdcfrns ins pucf jäs ni `fjpdônrlsjf ni dbn`tf id rdzðo. Udsdocf ids `dusds tì`ol`ds, id dtjðsbnrdytðxl`d sfif qun sn pfcrêd nvltdr `fo uod trdtdjlnot prnvlf cni vnrtlcf, slo njmdrhf id il`no`ld nstdmd ftfrhdcd pdrd nsd fmrd  y nsn fmkntf7 ns cn`lr, qun id dtjðsbnrd tðxl`d nrd ’inhdi‚. Ufr ftrd pdrtn, ni an`af cn qun ni prljnr trdmdkdcfr notrdsn no ni rn`lotf `foblodcf nrd on`nsdrlf7 tdotf `fjf qun nrdo ifs ûitljfs trdmdkfs pdrd qun ni `fin`tfr notrdsn no pinof buo`lfodjlnotf (quncdmdo rntlrdr ids jdcnrds cn uo no`fbrdcf). No `udotf d id notrdcd cn ifs ftrfs cfs trdmdkdcfrns, ns uod on`nslcdc tdotf tì`ol`d (duxlilf) `fjf aujdod (id njftlvlcdc cn id qun sn ad admidcf dotns) Tuncdo pfr dodilzdr uo `fokuotf cn `dusds tì`ol`ds; bditd cn bfrjd`lðo, bdit bd itdd cn lobf lobfrj rjd` d`lð lðo, o, du dusn sno` o`ld ld cn nq nqul ulpd pdjl jlno notf tf on on`n `nsd sdrl rlf, f, us usff cn nqulpdjlnotf lodcn`udcf, bditd cn prf`ncljlnotf cn trdmdkf, bditd cn jncl`lðo, bditd cn supnrvlslðo. \ dodilzdocf nstd ilstd `fo cntnoljlnotf, sn sd`d uod ljpfrtdotn `fo`iuslðo, y ns qun uod cn nsds `dusds nohifmd tfcds ids cnjäs, y ns nsd `dusd id qun niljloäocfid, sn pfcrêd admnr nvltdcf ni d``lcnotn. Nstd `dusd of ns ftrd qun id bditd cn uo prf`ncljlnotf cn trdmdkf. 2-Jfcnifs nstdcêstl`fs dpil`dcfs d id snhurlcdc Locustrld, cn brn`uno`ld, lo`lcno`ld, snvnrlcdc dpil`dcfs d id snhurlcdc Locustrldi.

@ÄI@^IF CN NPSDCLPSL@DP CN D@@LCNOSNP (LMB-LBO) Ni fm fmkkntlvf qun sn pn pnrrslhun `f `foo ifs ifs rnpfr frttns nstdcêstl tl`f `fss cn d``lcnotdmlilcdc, ns iinvdr uo rnhlstrf cn inslfons y nobnrjncdcns no ni trdmdkf f`urrlcds pfr `udiqulnr `dusd d ifs trdmdkdcfrns, pdrd clspfonr cn lobfrjd`lðo sfmrn êocl`ns cn brn`uno`ld y snvnrlcdc, pdrd jdotnonr uo frcnodjlnotf jntðcl`f cn id lobfrjd`lðo pdrd su pfstnrlfr nvdiud`lðo oujìrl`d.

 

Udrd id nidmfrd`lðo cn nstfs rnhlstrfs nstdcêstl`fs sn cnmn tnonr `fjf mdsn id Ofrjd @FRNOLO 383 ’]nhl  ’]nhlstrf, strf, `idslb `idslbl`d`lð l`d`lðoo y nstdc nstdcêstl êstl`ds `ds cn inslfons cn trdmdkf‚, pdrd ni `äi`uif cn ifs êocl`ns cn brn`uno`ld y snvnrlcdc, `foslcnrdocf ifs slhulnotns êocl`ns; ÊOCL@N CN B]N@^NO@LD M]^SD (LBM) Pn nstdmin`n id rnid`lðo notrn ni oûjnrf tftdi cn inslfons y afrdsafjmrns cn trdmdkf. LBM: OIS x G   AAS  OIS; oûjnrf cn inslfons tftdins. AAS; sfo ids afrds-afjmrns cn trdmdkf. G; ns lhudi d 4.555.555 afrds-afjmrn cn trdmdkf. ÊOCL@N CN B]N@^NO@LD ONSD (LBO) Pn nstdmin`n rnid`lðo notrn ni oûjnrf cn inslfons cn trdmdkf `fo pìrclcd cn tlnjpf, f`urrlcfs no uo jliiðo cn afrds-afjmrn cn trdmdkf. LBM: OIUS x G   AAS  OIUS; oûjnrf cn inslfons `fo pìrclcd cn tlnjpf. AAS; sfo ids afrds-afjmrns cn trdmdkf. G; ns lhudi d 4.555.555 afrds-afjmrn cn nxpfsl`lðo. ÊOCL@N CN PNRN]LCDC (LP) Pn nstdmin`n id rnid`lðo notrn ni tftdi cn cêds `drhdcfs pfr inslfons cn trdmdkf `fo pìrclcd cn tlnjpf, f`urrlcds no uo jliiðo cn afrds-afjmrn cn trdmdkf. LP: (SC@ + SUC) x G AAS  SC@; Sftdi cn cêds `drhdcfs. SUC; Sftdi cn cêds pnrclcfs.

 

AAS; Afrds-afjmrns cn trdmdkf. G; ns lhudi d 4.555.555 afrds-afjmrn cn trdmdkf U]FJNCLF CN SLNJUF UN]CLCF (U.S.U). Ns ni tftdi cn cêds `drhdcfs clvlclcf notrn ni tftdi cn inslfons `fo tlnjpf

`fo tlnjpf pnrclcf snhûo id bðrjuid; U.S.U; SC@ U.S.U; SC@ AAS  SISU SC@; Sftdi cn cêds `drhdcfs. AAS; Afrds Afjmrn Srdmdkf SISU; Sftdi cn inslfons `fo tlnjpf pnrclcf Ni tftdi cn cêds `drhdcfs (SC@); Ns id sujd no uo idpsf `foslcnrdcf, cn ifs slhulnotns puotfs; Ifs cêds cn tlnjpf pnrclcf pfr rnpfsf jìcl`f rnsuitdotns cn ids inslfons qun f`dslfodo lo`dpd`lcdc dmsfiutd tnjpfrdi. 2555 cêds `drhdcfs pfr `dcd inslðo bdtdi f lo`dpd`lcdc dmsfiutd pnrjdonotn. @fo ni `äi`uif cn nstfs êocl`ns y ni doäilsls cn ifs jlsjfs id hnrno`ld puncn cntnrjlodr id brn`uno`ld y id snvnrlcdc cn ifs d``lcnotns qun f`urrdo no id njprnsd y dsê tfjdr d``lfons prnvnotlvds y `frrn`tlvds pdrd clsjloulr nstfs êocl`ns. 

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8-@fstfs cn ifs d``lcnotns; Id brn`uno`ld cn ifs d``lcnotns rnsuitd jäs `fstfsd cn if qun pdrn`n. Nstf ns pfrqun nstn tlpf cn su`nsfs `foiinvd hdstfs qun of sfo nvlcnotns, pnrf qun `fostltuyno uod pìrclcd rndi cn ids utlilcdcns cn id njprnsd. No nsn snotlcf ns prn`lsf clstlohulr cfs tlpfs cn `fstfs; @fstfs clrn`tfs ; sfo dquniifs qun lovfiu`rdo tdotf d id prnvno`lðo `fjf ni pfst d``lcnotn, y sn rnid`lfodo `fo ids `fjpnosd`lfons di trdmdkdcfr. Ufr nknjpif, ids dpfrtd`lfons pfr `fo`nptf cn snhurf cn rlnshfs f locnjolzd`lfons.

 

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@fstfs loclrn`tfs ; sfo ni `fokuotf cn pìrclcds qun subrno ids njprnsds prfcu`tf cn ifs d``lcnotns idmfrdins, `fjf ni tlnjpf pnrclcf cn id kfrodcd idmfrdi, ifs cdôfs `dusdcfs no lostdid`lfons, jdqulodrld f nqulpf, id pìrclcd no jdtnrld prljd, id blodo`ld`lðo cn id lovnstlhd`lðo, ni cntnrlfrf cn id ljdhno `frpfrdtlvd, id pìrclcd cn `ilnotns f rlnshfs psl`fsf`ldins no id frhdolzd`lðo, notrn ftrfs. Di lhudi qun id pdrtn vlslmin cn uo tìjpdof cn alnif, ifs `fstfs clrn`tfs pfr ids njprnsds sfo sfif uod pnqunôd brd``lðo cn ifs `fstfs rndins, ifs qun puncno snr jnclcfs y `fotrfidcfs. Plo njmdrhf, uod `fjpdôêd prnf`updcd pfr ifs hdstfs fpnrd`lfodins cnmn `foslcnrdr id ’pdrtn prfbuocd cni l`nmnrh‚, ns cn`lr, ifs `fstfs loclrn`tfs qun rnqulnrno cn jäs `fjpinklcdc pdrd `udotlbl`dr. Cn d`unrcf d if qun sdmnjfs d`nr`d cn Pnhurlcdc Pf`ldi, no `dsf cn d``lcnotn hrdvn f bdtdi id njprnsd cnmn suspnocnr ids bdnods dbn`tdcds y, cn snr rnqunrlcf, nvd`udr ni iuhdr cn trdmdkf. Ni vdifr jfontdrlf cn ids pìrclcds, notfo`ns, cnpnocn cn ju`aêsljfs bd`tfrns qun puncno cntnrjlodr su `lbrd, if `udi if ad`n juy vdrldotn cnpnoclnocf cni `dsf, puncn vdrldr pfr id jdholtuc cn ids fpnrd`lfons cn id njprnsd, id `dotlcdc cn pnrsfods dbn`tdcds no ni d``lcnotn, `udotd jdqulodrld rnsuitð dbn`tdcd, qun tdo hrdvn bunrfo ids inslfons cn ifs trdmdkdcfrns y pfr supunstf y id rdzðo jäs ljpfrtdotn qun ns qun tfcf cnpnocn cni pdês cfocn su`ncd ni d``lcnotn idmfrdi, if `udi cntnrjlodrä id jfoncd if`di cni jlsjf. Unrf sl `foslcnrdjfs qun ifs d``lcnotns sfo jäs `fjuons no sn`tfrns id `fostru``lðo f no cn njprnsds bfrnstdins, id pdrdilzd`lðo cn ids`fjf bdnods supfon pìrclcds jliifons cn cðidrns. Cn an`af, sn nstljd qun ifs lo`lcnotns idmfrdins `fjprfjntno no uo 41% d =5% ni prnsupunstf cn ids fpnrd`lfons. D pnsdr cn nstf pfcnjfs ad`nr uod nstljd`lðo di `fstf cn ifs d``lcnotns idmfrdins; Pnhûo id cnblol`lðo cni Cr. ]fiiloh A. Pljfocs, ifs d``lcnotns cn trdmdkf pdrd blons cn doäilsls cn `fstf, "sfo f`urrno`lds of prntnoclcds, prfvnolnotns prfvnolnotns cni njpinf". Ifs d``lcnotns cn trdmdkf sn puncno clvlclr no cfs hrdocns `dtnhfrêds; Id prljnrd lo`iuyn ifs

 

d``lcnotns qun cnkdo `fjf rrnsuitdcf nsuitdcf inslfons d id pnr pnrsfod. sfod. Id snhuocd `dtnhfrêd id bfrjdo ifs d``lcnotns qun dcnjäs cn id inslðo di trdmdkdcfr `dusdo cdôf d id prfplncdc f lotnrblnrno id prfcu``lðo. Ifs `fo`nptfs trdcl`lfodins cn `fstf clrn`tf n loclrn`tf of ado slcf subl`lnotnjnotn cnblolcfs, pfr if tdotf of sfo notnrdjnotn sdtlsbd`tfrlfs. Hnonrdijnotn ifs `fstfs clrn`tfs ado slcf rnprnsnotdcfs pfr nrfhd`lfons cn clonrf, no tdotf ifs `fstfs loclrn`tfs, of rnprnsnotdo nrfhd`lfons cnblolcds no clonrf, slof uo dujnotf no ifs `fstfs cn prfcu``lðo. Ifs `fo`nptfs dotnrlfrns ado slcf rnnj rnnjpidzdcfs pidzdcfs pfr `fstfs "dsnhurdcfs" y of "dsnhurdcfs" if qun bd`liltd id `idslbl`d`lðo cni `fstf tftdi cni d``lcnotn no `udotf d ifs ninjnotfs dsnhurdcfs y of dsnhurdcfs. No ni `dsf oun ounstrf, strf, id cntnrjlod`lðo cni `fstf dsnhurdcf ns bä`li cn fmtnonr. Ufr `fo`nptf cn ids `ftlzd`lfons qun djpdrdo ni rlnshf cn d``lcnotns cn trdmdkf (qun `umrn ifs hdstfs jìcl`fs, qulrûrhl`fs, trdtdjlnotfs n locnjolzd`lfons). Id pdrtn clbê`li cn cn cntnrjlodr tnrjlodr sfo ifs `fstfs of dsnhurdcfs, if `udi trdtdrnjfs cn vdifrdr `fo ni jìtfcf cd slhulnotn; nbn`tf clvlclrnjfs ifs d``lcnotns no trns (0) `idsns; @idsn L- D``lcnotns qun `dusdo uo cêd f jnofs cn lo`dpd`lcdc. @idsn LL - D``lcnotns qun `dusdo uof y trns cêds cn lo`dpd`lcdc. @idsn LLL- D``lcnotns qun `dusdo jäs cn trns cêds cn lo`dpd`lcdc. ^od vnz sn adyd nstdmin`lcf ni prfjnclf `fstf pdrd `dcd `idsn cn d``lcnotn, ìstn utlilzdrä no ifs pnrêfcfs slhulnotns `fjf juitlpil`dcfr pdrd ifs `fstfs of dsnhurdcfs, mlno snd juitlpil`docf clrn`tdjnotn pfr ni oûjnrf cn d``lcnotns cn `dcd `idsn, f `fjf uod rnid`lðo cn ifs `fstfs dsnhurdcfs. Ni snhuocf pdsf d snhulr cn ns ifs nstdmin`nr ifs cn `fo`nptfs `fstfs of dsnhurdcfs, rnsuitdotns d``lcnotns trdmdkf cn quncdocf sukntfs;

 

4) @fstf pfr tlnjpf pnrclcf pdhdcf d trdmdkdcfrns qun of bunrfo inslfodcfs. Pn rn rnblnrn blnrn d ifs tlnjpfs pnrclcfs pfr; d) Ifs njpindcfs f trdmdkdcfrns qun suspnoclnrfo su idmfr pdrd vnr f dyucdr cnspuìs cni d``lcnotn f pdrd admidr cn ìi. m) Ifs qun on`nsltdrfo dyucd f prfcu``lðo cni trdmdkdcfr inslfodcf y, `) Ifs qun pnrclnrfo tlnjpf pfr on`nsltdr cni nqulpf cdôdcf no ni d``lcnotn. =) @fstf cn cdôf di jdtnrldi f di nqulpf. ]drdjnotn sn prfcu`n cdôf no ni jdtnrldi f ni nqulpf, pnrf sl sn f`urrn ns uo `fstf sustdo`ldi pdrd pfonr ounvdjnotn ifs jdtnrldins no frcno y ni nnqulpf qulpf d buo`lfodr. Nstn tlpf cn `fstf sn cnmn vdifrdr `fo uo `rltnrlf `fotdmin pdrd of lobidr ifs `fstfs of dsnhurdcfs. Pl di f`urrlr ni d``lcnotn sn n`adcf pnrcnr uod jäqulod vdifr bun cn $ 45.555 slnocf su vdifr cn sdivdjnotf cn $ 4.555 y id Hnrno`ld cn`lcn rnpfonrid pfr uod jäqulod sljlidr `uyf `fstf ns cn $ >5.555, sn trdtdrä notfo`ns cn nstdmin`nr ni vdifr rndi cn id jäqulod dotns cni d``lcnotn. Pl ni vdifr rndi ns lhudi di `fstf lol`ldi notfo`ns di d``lcnotn sn in cnmno `drhdr $ >5.555 vdifr cn rnpfsl`lðo, jnofs $ 45.555 cn id jäqulod f snd $ 35.555. Pl ni vdifr cn id jäqulod no ni jfjnotf cni d``lcnotn ns ûol`djnotn ni vdifr cn sdivdjnotf notfo`ns ni `fstf ljputdmin di d``lcnotn snrä cn $ >5.555 vdifr cn id rnpfsl`lðo, jnofs $ 4.555 vdifr cni sdivdjnotf lhudi d $ 3