Absorption Chiller Sytem Design
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7=7%1 1E]
REV_SY13_book.book Page iii Friday, May 28, 1999 11:42 AM
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REV_SY13_book.book Page i Friday, May 28, 1999 11:42 AM
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REV_SY13_book.book Page i Friday, May 28, 1999 11:42 AM
-PPYWXVEXMSRW MZ 8EFPIW Z -RXVSHYGXMSR %FWSVTXMSR %R3ZIVZMI[ %'SQTEVMWSRSJ']GPIW 1IGLERMGEPGSQTVIWWMSR6IJVMKIVEXMSR %FWSVTXMSR6IJVMKIVEXMSR %FWSVTXMSR7]WXIQ*PYMHW 'V]WXEPPM^EXMSR 1EGLMRI'PEWWMJMGEXMSRW 3TIVEXMRK'LEVEGXIVMWXMGW
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REV_SY13_book.book Page ii Friday, May 28, 1999 11:42 AM
'SRXVSPW 8LI-QTSVXERGISJ'SRXVSPW 'SRXVSP-QTVSZIQIRXWEXXLI9RMX0IZIP 6IWTSRWIXS'LERKMRK'SRHMXMSRW %MV-RWMHIXLI1EGLMRI 9XMPM^MRK:EVMEFPI)ZETSVEXSV[EXIV*PS[ 'SRXVSPWEXXLI7]WXIQ0IZIP 'SRXVSPSJ,IEXMRK'SSPMRK'LERKISZIV 'LMPPIH[EXIV6IWIX -RXIVJEGMRK[MXLER%YXSQEXMSR7]WXIQ 7]WXIQ3TXMSRW 'SQFMREXMSRTPERX4MTMRK%VVERKIQIRXW 7IVMIWERH4EVEPPIP 'SQQSR(IGSYTPIH (IGSYTPIH[MXL4VIJIVIRXMEP0SEHMRK 7MHIWXVIEQ[MXL4VIJIVIRXMEP0SEHMRK 7]WXIQ3TXMSR%REP]WMW 8LIVQEP7XSVEKI %FWSVTXMSR'LMPPIVWERH'LMPPIH[EXIV7XSVEKI %FWSVTXMSR'LMPPIVWERH-GI7XSVEKI ,IEXMRK%TTPMGEXMSRW 7MQYPXERISYW,IEXMRKERH'SSPMRK ,IEXMRK3RP]
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REV_SY13_book.book Page iii Friday, May 28, 1999 11:42 AM
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REV_SY13_book.book Page iv Friday, May 28, 1999 11:42 AM
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REV_SY13_book.book Page v Friday, May 28, 1999 11:42 AM
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REV_SY13_book.book Page vi Friday, May 28, 1999 11:42 AM
REV_SY13_book.book Page 1 Friday, May 28, 1999 11:42 AM
'LPSVSJPYSVSGEVFSR '*' PIKMWPEXMSRS^SRIHITPIXMSRKPSFEP[EVQMRKERH IRIVK]IJJMGMIRG]|IPIGXVMGYXMPMX]HIVIKYPEXMSREXMKLXIRMRKIPIGXVMGMX]WYTTP] ERHHVEQEXMGMRGVIEWIWMRIPIGXVMGEPIRIVK]ERHHIQERHGSWXW|8LIWIGSQTPI\ MWWYIWGLEPPIRKIXSHE] W,:%'W]WXIQHIWMKRIVXSGSRWMHIVEPXIVREXMZIWXS XVEHMXMSREPQIGLERMGEPVIJVMKIVEXMSRIUYMTQIRX3RIWYGLEPXIVREXMZIMWXLI EFWSVTXMSRGLMPPIV %FWSVTXMSRGLMPPIVWLEZIIRNS]IH[MHIWTVIEHTSTYPEVMX]SYXWMHIXLI9RMXIH 7XEXIWJSVWSQIXMQI%FWSVTXMSRGLMPPIVWLIEXIH[MXLWXIEQSVLSX[EXIVSV JMVIHHMVIGXP]YXMPM^MRKRI[FYVRIVXIGLRSPSK]YWIXLITVSZIRWEJI IRZMVSRQIRXEPP]GSQTEXMFPIGSQFMREXMSRSJ[EXIVERHPMXLMYQFVSQMHI8LI HMVIGXJMVIHEFWSVTXMSR (*% GLMPPIVHIWMKRWMQTP]WYFWXMXYXIWERMRXIKVEPFYVRIV JSVXLIGSRZIRXMSREPWXIEQLSX[EXIVKIRIVEXSVERHEY\MPMEV]FSMPIV,MKLIV GLMPPIVIJJMGMIRGMIWVSFYWXQEXIVMEPW[MXLMRXLIGLMPPIVERHEHZERGIHGSRXVSPW IRLERGIXLIFIRIJMXWSJETTP]MRKEFWSVTXMSRGLMPPIVW8LIEFMPMX]XSHMWTPEGI IPIGXVMGGSSPMRKHYVMRKTIEOLSYVWJYIPGLSMGIJPI\MFMPMX]ERHEHZERGIWMRGLMPPIV HIWMKRERHGSRXVSPLEZIVIWYPXIHMREVIREMWWERGIJSVEFWSVTXMSRGLMPPIVW
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REV_SY13_book.book Page 2 Friday, May 28, 1999 11:42 AM
%'SQTEVMWSRSJ']GPIW 0MOIQIGLERMGEPGSQTVIWWMSRVIJVMKIVEXMSREFWSVTXMSRVIJVMKIVEXMSRIQTPS]W XLITVMRGMTPIWSJLIEXXVERWJIVERHEVIJVMKIVERX WGLERKISJWXEXIXSTVSHYGI GSSPMRK8SMPPYWXVEXILS[XLIEFWSVTXMSRG]GPI[SVOWPIX WGSQTEVIMX[MXLXLI QSVIJEQMPMEVQIGLERMGEPVIJVMKIVEXMSRG]GPI
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Condense Cooling Water
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REV_SY13_book.book Page 3 Friday, May 28, 1999 11:42 AM
%FWSVTXMSR6IJVMKIVEXMSR %REFWSVFIVKIRIVEXSVTYQTERHVIGYTIVEXMZILIEXI\GLERKIVVITPEGIXLI GSQTVIWWSVMREFWSVTXMSRVIJVMKIVEXMSREWWLS[RMR*MKYVI0MOIQIGLERMGEP GSQTVIWWMSRVIJVMKIVEXMSRXLIG]GPIFIKMRW[LIRLMKLTVIWWYVIPMUYMH VIJVMKIVERXJVSQXLIGSRHIRWIVTEWWIWXLVSYKLEQIXIVMRKHIZMGI²MRXSXLI PS[IVTVIWWYVIIZETSVEXSV³ERHGSPPIGXWMRXLIIZETSVEXSVTERSVWYQT%W FIJSVIXLIJPEWLMRKXLEXSGGYVWEXXLIIRXVERGIXSXLIIZETSVEXSVGSSPWXLI VIQEMRMRKPMUYMHVIJVMKIVERX7MQMPEVP]XLIXVERWJIVSJLIEXJVSQXLI GSQTEVEXMZIP][EVQW]WXIQ[EXIVXSXLIRS[GSSPVIJVMKIVERXGEYWIWXLIPEXXIV XSIZETSVEXI³ERHXLIVIWYPXMRKVIJVMKIVERXZETSVQMKVEXIWXSXLIPS[IV TVIWWYVIEFWSVFIV´8LIVIMXMWWSEOIHYTF]EREFWSVFIRXPMXLMYQFVSQMHI WSPYXMSR8LMWTVSGIWWRSXSRP]GVIEXIWEPS[TVIWWYVIEVIEXLEXHVE[WE GSRXMRYSYWJPS[SJVIJVMKIVERXZETSVJVSQXLIIZETSVEXSVXSXLIEFWSVFIVFYX EPWSGEYWIWXLIZETSVXSGSRHIRWI´EWMXVIPIEWIWXLILIEXSJZETSVM^EXMSR TMGOIHYTMRXLIIZETSVEXSV8LMWLIEXEPSRK[MXLXLILIEXSJHMPYXMSRTVSHYGIH EWXLIVIJVMKIVERXGSRHIRWEXIQM\IW[MXLXLIEFWSVFIRXMWXVERWJIVVIHXSXLI GSSPMRK[EXIVERHVIPIEWIHMRXLIGSSPMRKXS[IV 3JGSYVWIEWWMQMPEXMRKVIJVMKIVERXHMPYXIWXLIPMXLMYQFVSQMHIWSPYXMSRERH VIHYGIWMXWEJJMRMX]JSVVIJVMKIVERXZETSV8SWYWXEMRXLIVIJVMKIVEXMSRG]GPIXLI WSPYXMSRQYWXFIVIGSRGIRXVEXIH8LMWMWEGGSQTPMWLIHF]GSRWXERXP]TYQTMRK µHMPYXIWSPYXMSRJVSQXLIEFWSVFIVXSXLIKIRIVEXSV¶[LIVIXLIEHHMXMSRSJ
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Generate
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Heat Exchanger
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REV_SY13_book.book Page 4 Friday, May 28, 1999 11:42 AM
LIEXFSMPWXLIVIJVMKIVERXJVSQXLIEFWSVFIRX3RGIXLIVIJVMKIVERXMWVIQSZIH XLIVIGSRGIRXVEXIHPMXLMYQFVSQMHIWSPYXMSRVIXYVRWXSXLIEFWSVFIVVIEH]XS VIWYQIXLIEFWSVTXMSRTVSGIWW 1IER[LMPIXLIVIJVMKIVERXZETSVPMFIVEXIHMRXLIKIRIVEXSVQMKVEXIWXSXLI GSSPIVGSRHIRWIV· XLIVIXLIVIJVMKIVERXVIXYVRWXSMXWPMUYMHWXEXIEWXLI GSSPMRK[EXIVTMGOWYTXLILIEXSJZETSVM^EXMSRGEVVMIHF]XLIZETSV8LIPMUYMH VIJVMKIVERX WVIXYVRXSXLIQIXIVMRKHIZMGI²QEVOWXLIG]GPI WGSQTPIXMSR
%FWSVTXMSR7]WXIQ*PYMHW 8LIWIXIVQWTIVXEMRSRP]XSXLI[EXIVERH PMXLMYQFVSQMHIG]GPI XLISTTSWMXI REQMRKGSRZIRXMSRMWETTPMIHXSERSXLIV GSQQSRP]YWIHTEMVSJEFWSVTXMSR VIJVMKIVEXMSRJPYMHW EQQSRME VIJVMKIVERX ERH[EXIV EFWSVFIRX 8LSYKLRSX HMWGYWWIHMRXLMWQERYEPEQQSRMEERH [EXIVEFWSVTXMSRIUYMTQIRXGERFIYWIH MRPEVKIGETEGMX]MRHYWXVMEPMRWXEPPEXMSRW WQEPPGETEGMX]VIWMHIRXMEPW]WXIQWERHMR GIVXEMRHSQIWXMGVIJVMKIVEXSVW
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REV_SY13_book.book Page 5 Friday, May 28, 1999 11:42 AM
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REV_SY13_book.book Page 6 Friday, May 28, 1999 11:42 AM
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REV_SY13_book.book Page 7 Friday, May 28, 1999 11:42 AM
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REV_SY13_book.book Page 8 Friday, May 28, 1999 11:42 AM
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REV_SY13_book.book Page 9 Friday, May 28, 1999 11:42 AM
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REV_SY13_book.book Page 10 Friday, May 28, 1999 11:42 AM
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REV_SY13_book.book Page 11 Friday, May 28, 1999 11:42 AM
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REV_SY13_book.book Page 12 Friday, May 28, 1999 11:42 AM
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REV_SY13_book.book Page 13 Friday, May 28, 1999 11:42 AM
8LIWIVIWYPXWHIQSRWXVEXIXLIGSRWMHIVEFPIHITIRHIRG]FIX[IIRKEWGLMPPIV IRIVK]GSWXWERHJYIPLIEXGSRXIRXZEPYIW8LI]EPWSWLS[XLIJEPPEG]SJ WIPIGXMRKIUYMTQIRXWSPIP]SRXLIFEWMWSJGSQTVIWWSVIRIVK]GSWXWIWTIGMEPP] MJXLIQMWPIEHMRK0,:FEWIH'34MWYWIHEWEFEWMWJSVGSQTEVMWSR
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REV_SY13_book.book Page 14 Friday, May 28, 1999 11:42 AM
IPIGXVMGMX]ERHERSXLIVPSWW[LIRXVERWQMXXMRKXLIIPIGXVMGMX]XSXLI FYMPHMRKWMXI8LIGSPPIGXMZIIJJIGXWSJXLIWIMRIJJMGMIRGMIWGERFIGSQFMRIHMRXS E6IWSYVGI9XMPM^EXMSR*EGXSV 69* -RXLII\EQTPINYWXHIWGVMFIH 69* = ( – ) × ( – ) × ( – ) = , SV
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REV_SY13_book.book Page 15 Friday, May 28, 1999 11:42 AM
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REV_SY13_book.book Page 16 Friday, May 28, 1999 11:42 AM
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REV_SY13_book.book Page 17 Friday, May 28, 1999 11:42 AM
%RSXLIVWSYVGIJSVMRJSVQEXMSRSRKEWGSSPMRKIUYMTQIRXERHW]WXIQWMWER IRIVK]EREP]WMWXSSPIRXMXPIHl+EW'SSPMRK+YMHIz%ZEMPEFPISRE'(JVSQ -RXIV)RIVK]¬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REV_SY13_book.book Page 18 Friday, May 28, 1999 11:42 AM
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ETTP]MRKEFWSVTXMSRIUYMTQIRX[MXLSXLIVX]TIWSJGLMPPIVWMREGSQFMREXMSR TPERX
)JJIGXWSJ'SSPMRK[EXIV8IQTIVEXYVI -RXLMWHMWGYWWMSRXLIXIVQWIRXIVMRK GSSPMRK[EXIVXIQTIVEXYVIERHPIEZMRK XS[IV[EXIVXIQTIVEXYVIEVIYWIH MRXIVGLERKIEFP]EWEVIPIEZMRKGSSPMRK [EXIVXIQTIVEXYVIERHIRXIVMRKXS[IV [EXIVXIQTIVEXYVI
'SSPMRKXS[IV[EXIVXIQTIVEXYVIWMQTEGXXLISTIVEXMSRSJEFWSVTXMSRGSSPMRK IUYMTQIRX;LIRXLIIRXIVMRKGSSPMRK[EXIVXIQTIVEXYVIMRGVIEWIWGLMPPIV GETEGMX]HIGVIEWIW-RTEWXHIWMKRWXLIWIGETEGMX]HIGVIEWIWGSYPHFI WYFWXERXMEP EWQYGLEWJSVIZIV]°*?°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l0S[JPS[ %FWSVTXMSR7]WXIQWzSRTEKI (YVMRKSTIVEXMSRYRMXGSRXVSPWRS[ZEV]WSPYXMSRJPS[XLVSYKLSYXXLIGLMPPIV XLYWEPPS[MRKQYGLQSVIJPI\MFMPMX]MRXLIXS[IV[EXIVXIQTIVEXYVIWXLERGER FIEGGSQQSHEXIH1SVIMRJSVQEXMSRMWEZEMPEFPIMRXLIWIGXMSRl'SRXVSP -QTVSZIQIRXWEXXLI9RMX0IZIPzSRTEKI 6IGIRXEFWSVTXMSRGLMPPIVWEVIHIWMKRIHXSFIEFPIXSSTIVEXI[MXLGSSPMRK [EXIVMRPIXXIQTIVEXYVIWEWPS[EW*?'A1ER]GERWXEVX[MXL XIQTIVEXYVIWEWPS[EW*?'ATVSZMHIHXLMW[EXIV[EVQWYTXS* ?'A[MXLMRXSQMRYXIW-RQER]GEWIWXLMWQIERWXLEXEXS[IVF]TEWWMW RSXVIUYMVIHEPXLSYKLXLMWWLSYPHFIZIVMJMIHF]XLIW]WXIQHIWMKRIV
6ITPEGMRKER)\MWXMRK'LMPPIV[MXLER%FWSVTXMSR'LMPPIV 8SHE]EFWSVTXMSRQEGLMRIWEVIGSRWMHIVIHZMEFPIVITPEGIQIRXWJSVI\MWXMRK GLMPPIVWIWTIGMEPP]MJVITPEGIQIRXGSWXWGERFIQMRMQM^IHF]VIXEMRMRKXLIVIWX SJXLIGLMPPIVTPERX GSSPMRKXS[IVGSRHIRWIVTYQTIXG 3JGSYVWIYWMRKXLI
¨ %QIVMGER7XERHEVH-RG%PPVMKLXWVIWIVZIH 7=7%1 1E]
REV_SY13_book.book Page 19 Friday, May 28, 1999 11:42 AM
I\MWXMRKXS[IVERHTYQTWQE]TL]WMGEPP]PMQMXEFWSVTXMSRGLMPPIVWIPIGXMSR8LI JSPPS[MRKI\EQTPIMPPYWXVEXIWXLIW]WXIQTIVJSVQERGIMQTEGXSJGLSSWMRKER EFWSVTXMSRGLMPPIVSJIUYEPSVWQEPPIVWM^IXLERXLIQEGLMRIMXVITPEGIW
%FWSVTXMSRQEGLMRIWEVIUYMXISJXIR WIPIGXIH[MXLIRXIVMRKERHPIEZMRK GSSPMRK[EXIVXIQTIVEXYVIWSJ °* ? °'AERH°*? °'AVIWTIGXMZIP] *SVWMQTPMGMX]XLII\EQTPIWWLS[RLIVI HSRSXEHHVIWWXLIRIKEXMZIIJJIGXSJ MRGVIEWIHIRXIVMRKGSSPMRK[EXIV XIQTIVEXYVIWSRXLIEFWSVTXMSRGLMPPIV W '34 ;LIRXLIGLMPPIVPIEZMRKGSSPMRK [EXIVXIQTIVEXYVIMRGVIEWIWXLI'34 HIGVIEWIWERHXLIEQSYRXSJLIEXVINIGXIH MRGVIEWIW *SVWSQIGLMPPIVHIWMKRWXLI '34VIHYGXMSRGERFIWMKRMJMGERXERH XLIVIJSVIXLIIWXMQEXMSRTVSGIHYVIW SYXPMRIHLIVIWLSYPHFITIVJSVQIH MXIVEXMZIP]
3YVI\EQTPIW]WXIQMR*MKYVIMRGPYHIWE XSR? O;AIPIGXVMGGLMPPIV WPEXIHJSVVITPEGIQIRX MX[EWHIWMKRIHXSHIPMZIV °*?°'A[EXIVXSXLI GSSPMRKXS[IVEX KTQ? 0TWA8LIGSSPMRKXS[IVMRXYVR[EWHIWMKRIH XSTVSHYGI °*? °'A[EXIVEXEREQFMIRX[IXFYPFXIQTIVEXYVISJ °* ?°'A 'SSPMRKXS[IVWMRQIGLERMGEPGSQTVIWWMSRVIJVMKIVEXMSRETTPMGEXMSRW EVIGSQQSRP]HIWMKRIHJSV KTQ? 0TWATIVXSR[MXLERETTVS\MQEXI°* ?°'AXIQTIVEXYVIGLERKI 6INIGXMSRLIEX XLIEQSYRXSJLIEXVINIGXIHXSXLI GSSPMRKXS[IVEXXLIWIGSRHMXMSRW MW 1&L? O;AERHMWGEPGYPEXIH [MXLXLIJSPPS[MRKIUYEXMSR 6INIGXMSR,IEX = KTQ × × ∆8 ( ∆8 = 8S[IV)RX;EXIV8IQT – 8S[IV0ZK;EXIV8IQT ) = KTQ × × ( °* – °* ) = 1&L
6ITPEGMRKXLIIPIGXVMGGLMPPIV[MXLEREFWSVTXMSRGLMPPIVRSXSRP]GLERKIWXLI X]TISJVINIGXMSRLIEX JVSQGSQTVIWWMSRXSJMVMRK FYXEPWSXLIEQSYRXSJLIEX VINIGXIH;LMPIXLIIZETSVEXSVPSEHMWXLIWEQIXLIGSSPMRKXS[IVQYWXRS[ VINIGXQSVIGLMPPIVLIEXMIEFWSVFIVPSEHEW[IPPEWGSRHIRWIVPSEH8S UYERXMJ]XLIGLMPPIVLIEXMRTYXSJEHMVIGXJMVIHEFWSVTXMSRQEGLMRIQYPXMTP]XLI LIEXMRTYXERHFYVRIVIJJMGMIRG]ZEPYIW (*%6INIGXMSR,IEX = 8SRW × + ------------ × &YVRIV)JJMGMIRG] × 1&L8SR '34
*MKYVI
)\EQTPI7]WXIQ
System Load
Two-Stage Centrifugal Chiller 95˚ F water at 1,500 gpm 85˚ F water at 78˚ F wb ambient 10˚F ∆Τ Rejection Heat = 7,500 MBh
¨ %QIVMGER7XERHEVH-RG%PPVMKLXWVIWIVZIH 7=7%1 1E]
REV_SY13_book.book Page 20 Friday, May 28, 1999 11:42 AM
7EMHERSXLIV[E]MJXLI'34MWIEGLXSRSJGSSPMRKSYXTYXVIUYMVIW SV XSRWSJLIEXMRTYX8LIVIJSVIXLIEQSYRXSJLIEXVINIGXIHXSXLI GSSPMRKXS[IVF]E(*%GLMPPIV[MXLE'34SJERHEFYVRIVIJJMGMIRG]SJ MW (*%6INIGXMSR,IEX = 8SRW × [ + ( × ) ] × 1&L8SR = 8SRW × 1&L8SR
8LIEQSYRXSJLIEXVINIGXIHF]ERMRHMVIGXJMVIHEFWSVTXMSRGLMPPIVMWHITIRHIRX SRXLI'34SRP] -RHMVIGXJMVIH6INIGXMSR,IEX = 8SRW × + ------------ × 1&L8SR '34
8LIEQSYRXSJLIEXVINIGXIHF]EGLMPPIV[MXLE'34SJMW -RHMVIGXJMVIH6INIGXMSR,IEX = 8SRW × + ----------- × 1&L8SR = 8SRW × 1&L8SR
9WMRKXLI-8()WXMQEXMSR1IXLSH ;LEXGERFIHSRIXSGEPGYPEXIGSSPMRK XS[IVTIVJSVQERGI[LIRRSGSQTYXIV TVSKVEQWSVSXLIVTIVJSVQERGI GEPGYPEXMSRXSSPWEVIEZEMPEFPI#9WIXLI HMJJIVIRGIFIX[IIRXLIEQFMIRX[IXFYPF ERHIRXIVMRKXS[IV[EXIVXIQTIVEXYVIWXS JSVIGEWXXLIPIEZMRKXS[IV[EXIV XIQTIVEXYVI -J[IXVIEXXLIXS[IVEWELIEXI\GLERKIV [IGERIWXMQEXIMXWTIVJSVQERGIF] GEPGYPEXMRKXLI-RMXMEP8IQTIVEXYVI (MJJIVIRGISV-8(*SVI\EQTPIXLI-8(JSV EXS[IV[MXLERIRXIVMRKXS[IV[EXIV XIQTIVEXYVISJ °*?°'AERHER EQFMIRX[IXFYPFXIQTIVEXYVISJ °* ?°'AMW -8(! °* °*!°*?°'°'! °'A
8LIVIJSVIMJXLIXS[IV WHIWMKRVINIGXMSR LIEXJSVETEVXMGYPEVETTPMGEXMSRMW 1&L? O;AMXWTIVJSVQERGIMW 6INIGXMSR,IEX 8S[IV = ----------------------------------------4IVJSVQERGI -8( , 1&L , O; = ------------------------------ --------------------------°* °' = 1&L°* [ O;°' ]
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°*? °'AXLI -8(MW° °*SV°*? °°'SV°'A8LIVIJSVIXLIVINIGXMSRLIEX EZEMPEFPIMW 6INIGXMSR,IEX = [ ( 1&L°* ) × -8( ] = ( × ) = 1&L
-J[IEKEMREWWYQIE'34ERH FYVRIVIJJMGMIRG]JSVXLIHMVIGXJMVIH EFWSVTXMSRQEGLMRI[IGERTVIHMGXMXWGETEGMX]YWMRKXLIIWXMQEXIHVINIGXMSR LIEXZEPYI 2SXIXLEXWMRGIXLII\MWXMRKTYQTMWWM^IHJSV KTQ? 0TWAXLIEFWSVFIV YWIW KTQXSR? 0TWO;A;LMPIXLMWJPS[VEXIMWPIWWXLERXLI%6- WXERHEVHVEXMRKYWIWRI[P]HIWMKRIHEFWSVTXMSRGLMPPIVWGERFIWIPIGXIHYWMRK ¨ %QIVMGER7XERHEVH-RG%PPVMKLXWVIWIVZIH 7=7%1 1E]
REV_SY13_book.book Page 21 Friday, May 28, 1999 11:42 AM
XLMWJPS[VEXI)RWYVIXLEXXLIEFWSVTXMSRGLMPPIVMWWIPIGXIHEXXLIRI[STIVEXMRK GSRHMXMSRWERHJPS[VEXI 8SRW = --------------------------------------------------------------------------- = 8SRW × + ----------- ×
8LIRGEPGYPEXIXLIGSSPMRKXS[IV∆8 ∆8 = ----------------------------- = °* ×
;LIRXLMW∆8ZEPYIMWIRXIVIHMRXLIXS[IVWIPIGXMSRWSJX[EVIXLITVSKVEQ EVVMZIWEXEPIEZMRKXS[IV[EXIVXIQTIVEXYVISJ °*?°'A+MZIRXLI °*?°'A∆8XLIVIWYPXMRKIRXIVMRKXS[IV PIEZMRKGSRHIRWIV [EXIV XIQTIVEXYVIMW °*?°'AEWWLS[RMR*MKYVI2SXMGIXLEXXLIHMJJIVIRGI FIX[IIRXLISYXGSQIWSJXLI-8(IWXMQEXMSRQIXLSHERHXLIWIPIGXMSRTVSKVEQ MWWPMKLXMI°*ZIVWYW °*? °'ZIVWYW°'A *MKYVI
7QEPPIV(*%'LMPPIV
System Load 441 Ton Absorption Chiller
87˚ F water at 78˚ F wb ambient
100˚ F water at 1,500 gpm 13˚ F ∆Τ Rejection Heat = 9,700 MBh
6ITPEGIQIRX[MXLER%FWSVTXMSR'LMPPIVSJ)UYEP7M^I 2S[PIX WPSSOEXXLIW]WXIQTIVJSVQERGIMQTEGXSJWIPIGXMRKEGLMPPIVSJIUYEP WM^I-JXLI XSR? O;AIPIGXVMGGLMPPIVMRSYVI\EQTPIW]WXIQMWVITPEGIH [MXLE XSR? O;AMRHMVIGXJMVIHEFWSVTXMSRGLMPPIV 1&L ? O;A XSRW\ 1&LXSR! 1&L ? O;\ O;VINIGXIH O;VIJVMKIVEXMSR! O;A[MPPFIVINIGXIHXSXLIGSSPMRKXS[IVEWWLS[RMR ¨ %QIVMGER7XERHEVH-RG%PPVMKLXWVIWIVZIH 7=7%1 1E]
REV_SY13_book.book Page 22 Friday, May 28, 1999 11:42 AM
*MKYVI6IEVVERKMRKXLIVINIGXMSRLIEXIUYEXMSRXSWSPZIJSV∆8MRHMGEXIWLS[ QYGLXLIXS[IV[EXIVQYWXFIGSSPIH MR°* XSVIQSZIXLMWEQSYRXSJVINIGXMSR LIEX 6INIGXMSR,IEX ∆8 = -------------------------------------------KTQ × = ----------------------------- × = °*
(ITIRHMRKSRXLIRSQMREPXSRREKIW EZEMPEFPIJVSQXLIQERYJEGXYVIVMXQE]FI RIGIWWEV]XSWIPIGXE(*%GLMPPIVXLEX I\GIIHWRSQMREPXSRWXSHIPMZIV EGXYEPGSSPMRKXSRWEXXLIGSRHMXMSRW WLS[R
-XMWXIQTXMRKXSEWWYQIXLEXXLIVIWYPXMRKPIEZMRKXS[IV[EXIVXIQTIVEXYVIMW °*SV °*°*?°'SV °' °'A6IQIQFIVLS[IZIVXLEX XLIEQSYRXSJVINIGXMSRLIEXMRGVIEWIHJVSQ XS 1&L ? XS O;A;LMPIXLIXS[IVGERTVSHYGI °*? °'A[EXIVEXXLI HIWMKRGSRHMXMSRSJ 1&L? O;AXLIPIEZMRKXS[IV[EXIVXIQTIVEXYVI VMWIWEWVINIGXMSRLIEXMRGVIEWIWERHXLIUYIWXMSRMWF]LS[QYGL# 8LIW]WXIQHIWMKRIVLEWQIXLSHWSJHIXIVQMRMRKPIEZMRKXS[IV[EXIV XIQTIVEXYVI 9WIXLIGSSPMRKXS[IVQERYJEGXYVIVkWHEXE[LIREZEMPEFPI 8LIQSWXWXVEMKLXJSV[EVHQIERWSJHIXIVQMRMRKGSSPMRKXS[IVTIVJSVQERGI EVIGSQTYXIVTVSKVEQWERHSXLIVGEPGYPEXMSRXSSPWHIZIPSTIHF]XLIXS[IV QERYJEGXYVIV9WMRKSRIWYGLTVSKVEQ[IJMRHXLEXVINIGXMSRLIEXSJ 1&L? O;A]MIPHWEPIEZMRKXS[IV[EXIVXIQTIVEXYVISJ °* ? °'A%HHMRKXLI°*? °'A∆8XSXLMWZEPYIIWXEFPMWLIWXLIGSVSPPEV] °*? °'AIRXIVMRKXS[IV PIEZMRKGSRHIRWIV [EXIVXIQTIVEXYVI
*MKYVI
)UYMZEPIRX(*%'LMPPIV
System Load 500 Ton Direct-Fired Absorption Chiller
87˚ F water at 78˚ F wb ambient
102˚ F water at 1,500 gpm 15˚ F ∆Τ Rejection Heat = 11,000 MBh
¨ %QIVMGER7XERHEVH-RG%PPVMKLXWVIWIVZIH 7=7%1 1E]
REV_SY13_book.book Page 23 Friday, May 28, 1999 11:42 AM
)WXMQEXIGSSPMRKXS[IVTIVJSVQERGI -8(1IXLSH 6IGEPPXLEXXLISVMKMREPHIWMKRVINIGXMSRLIEXJSVSYVI\EQTPIGSSPMRKXS[IV [LIRTEVXRIVIH[MXLXLIIPIGXVMGGLMPPIV[EW 1&L? O;A[MXLER EQFMIRX[IXFYPFXIQTIVEXYVISJ °*?°'AERHERIRXIVMRKXS[IV[EXIV XIQTIVEXYVISJ °*?°'A+MZIRXLIVIWYPXMRK-8(SJ°*? °'A -8(! °* °*?°'°'A ERHEXS[IVTIVJSVQERGISJ 1&L°* ? O;°'AYWMRKXLIQIXLSHWLS[RMRXLI-8()WXMQEXMSR1IXLSHWMHIFEV SRTEKI[IGERRS[GEPGYPEXIER-8(ZEPYIJSVXLIMRHMVIGXJMVIH EFWSVTXMSRGLMPPIV )WXMQEXIH-8( = ------------------ = °*
8LIVIJSVIXLIIWXMQEXIHIRXIVMRKXS[IV[EXIVXIQTIVEXYVIMW °*?°'A °*? °'A! °*? °'AERHKMZIRXLI°*? °'A∆8MQTSWIHF] XLI(*%GLMPPIVXLIIWXMQEXIHPIEZMRKXS[IV[EXIVXIQTIVEXYVIMW °* ?°'A%GSQTEVMWSRSJXLIWIXIQTIVEXYVIW[MXLXLIWIPIGXMSRWSJX[EVI VIWYPXWJSYRHMRQIXLSHPIKMXMQM^IWXLIYWISJIWXMQEXIW[LIRRSSXLIV JSVIGEWXMRKXSSPMWEZEMPEFPI 8EFPI WLS[WEWYQQEV]SJXLIW]WXIQTIVJSVQERGIIJJIGXWI\TPSVIHMRXLMW I\EQTPI
8EFPI
6ITPEGIQIRX'SQTEVMWSR
'LMPPIV'ETEGMX] 6INIGXMSR,IEX 8S[IV;EXIV∆8 8S[IV);80;8
3VMKMREP7]WXIQ
6ITPEGIQIRX[MXLE 7QEPPIV(*%
6ITPEGIQIRX[MXLER %FWSVTXMSR'LMPPIV SJ)UYMZEPIRX'ETEGMX]
XSRW?O;A
XSRW?O;A
XSRW?O;A
1&L?O;A 1&L? O;A 1&L?O;A °*?°'A
°*?°'A
°*? °'A
°*? °'A
°*? °'A
°*? °'A
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
¨ %QIVMGER7XERHEVH-RG%PPVMKLXWVIWIVZIH 7=7%1 1E]
REV_SY13_book.book Page 24 Friday, May 28, 1999 11:42 AM
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n
YWISJEGSSPMRKXS[IVF]TEWW
n
TVSZMHMRKIEGLGLMPPIV[MXLMXWS[RGSSPMRKXS[IV ERHSV
n
YRIUYEPHMZMWMSRSJGSSPMRKXS[IV[EXIVFIX[IIRGLMPPIVWMRGSQFMREXMSR TPERXW
'SSPMRK8S[IV&]TEWW 'SSPMRKXS[IVF]TEWWMWVIGSQQIRHIHXSVIHYGIXLIGLERGISJPS[IRXIVMRK GSSPMRK[EXIVXIQTIVEXYVIW&]TEWWEPWS[SVOWZIV][IPPHYVMRKPS[EQFMIRX GSRHMXMSRW&]TEWWGSRXVSPMWI\GIPPIRXWMRGIMXQEMRXEMRWGSRWXERX[EXIVJPS[ XLVSYKLXLIEFWSVFIVrGSRHIRWIVXYFIFYRHPI8[SFYXXIVJP]ZEPZIWGSRRIGXIH XSEJPERKIHXIIERHWLEVMRKIMXLIVEGSQQSREGXYEXSVSVE[E]FYXXIVJP] ZEPZIGSQTVMWIXLIF]TEWW*MKYVIWLS[WXLIGSRHIRWIV[EXIVTMTMRK EVVERKIQIRX2SXMGIXLEXXLIZEPZIPMROEKIMWEGXYEXIHF]EXIQTIVEXYVIWIRWSV XSEWWYVIXLEXXLIHIWMVIHQMRMQYQIRXIVMRKGSSPMRK[EXIVXIQTIVEXYVIMW QEMRXEMRIH *MKYVI
Valve Actuator
'SSPMRK8S[IV&]TEWW
2 Butterfly Valves Temperature Sensor
Chiller's Absorber/Condenser Tube Bundle
From Cooling Tower Cooling Water Pump
:EVMEFPIWTIIH'SSPMRK8S[IV*ERW :EVMEFPIWTIIHHVMZIWSRGSSPMRKXS[IVJERWEVIFIGSQMRKQSVITVIZEPIRXHYI MRTEVXXSXLIJEGXXLEXHVMZIGSWXWLEZIHIGVIEWIHHVEQEXMGEPP]3RIFIRIJMXSJ
¨ %QIVMGER7XERHEVH-RG%PPVMKLXWVIWIVZIH 7=7%1 1E]
REV_SY13_book.book Page 25 Friday, May 28, 1999 11:42 AM
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°*?°'A'SRWIUYIRXP] QM\MRKXLIGSSPMRK[EXIVJPS[WJVSQFSXLGLMPPIVX]TIWRIGIWWMXEXIWEW]WXIQ HIWMKRXLEXMRGSVTSVEXIWEGSSPMRKXS[IVF]TEWWEWHIWGVMFIHMRl'SSPMRK 8S[IV&]TEWWzSRTEKI SVSXLIV[MWIEWWYVIWXLEXE°*?°'AQMRMQYQ IRXIVMRKGSSPMRK[EXIVXIQTIVEXYVIMWQEMRXEMRIH *VSQEGSRXVSPWXERHTSMRXXLIWMQTPIWXGLMPPIVTPERXGSRJMKYVEXMSRHIHMGEXIWE GSSPMRKXS[IVXSIEGLGLMPPIVIZIRXLSYKLWYGLEGSRJMKYVEXMSRTVIGPYHIWXLI YWI ERHIGSRSQ] SJEWMRKPIXS[IV8LIFIRIJMXWSJEWMRKPIXS[IVSVGSQQSR WYQTGSRRIGXIHXS[IVGIPPWMRGPYHIVIHYRHERG]ERHXLIGETEFMPMX]XSYWIPS[IV GSSPMRKXS[IV[EXIVXIQTIVEXYVIWXSIRLERGIW]WXIQSTIVEXMSR;LMPIRI[ EFWSVTXMSRGLMPPIVHIWMKRWGERYWIXLMWGSPHIVXS[IV[EXIVTVIZMSYWGLMPPIV HIWMKRW[IVISJXIRPMQMXIHXSEQMRMQYQSJ°*?°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°*?°'AXLIWEQIXIQTIVEXYVIGSRHMXMSR VIHYGIWGETEGMX]MREREFWSVTXMSRGLMPPIV-RWXIEHSJIUYEPP]WTPMXXMRKGSSPMRK XS[IV[EXIVFIX[IIRXLIGLMPPIVWMXQE]XLIVIJSVIFIEHZERXEKISYWXS TVSZMHIQSVIGSSPMRKXS[IV[EXIVXSXLIEFWSVTXMSRGLMPPIV8LIJSPPS[MRK I\EQTPIWHIQSRWXVEXIXLMWGSRGITX )\EQTPI )UYEPXS[IV[EXIVEPPSGEXMSR 3YVMQEKMREV]GLMPPIVTPERX[EW SVMKMREPP]HIWMKRIHXSWYTTP] XSRW? O;ASJGSSPMRK-XW]IEVSPH GLMPPIVW[MPPFIVITPEGIH[MXLX[S XSR? O;AQEGLMRIW ERIPIGXVMG ¨ %QIVMGER7XERHEVH-RG%PPVMKLXWVIWIVZIH 7=7%1 1E]
REV_SY13_book.book Page 26 Friday, May 28, 1999 11:42 AM
GIRXVMJYKEPGLMPPIVXLEXGSRWYQIW O;XSR? O;O;AERHEHMVIGXJMVIH EFWSVTXMSRGLMPPIV[MXLE'34SJERHEFYVRIVIJJMGMIRG]SJ 8LITPERX W GSSPMRKXS[IV[EWHIWMKRIHXSTVSZMHI KTQ? 0TWAERHVIHYGI °* ?°'A[EXIVXS °*? °'A ,IEX6INIGXMSR%ZEMPEFPI = KTQ × × ( °* – °* ) = 1&L 8SXEP6INIGXMSR,IEX = (*%6INIGXMSR,IEX + )PIGXVMG6INIGXMSR,IEX 7SMJ(*%6INIGXMSR,IEX = 8SRW × = 1&L O;- × ERH)PIGXVMG6INIGXMSR,IEX = 8SRW × + -------------------- 8SR = 1&L XLIR8SXEP6INIGXMSR,IEX = 1&L(*% + 1&L )0) = 1&L
2S[XLEXXLIVIMWQSVILIEXXSVINIGXXLI[EXIVXIQTIVEXYVIWIRXIVMRKERH PIEZMRKXLIGSSPMRKXS[IVQYWXGLERKIEGGSVHMRKP] 3RISTXMSRMWXSWYTTP]FSXLGLMPPIVW[MXLXLIWEQIXIQTIVEXYVIERHEQSYRXSJ XS[IV[EXIVEWWLS[RMR*MKYVI8LMWLS[IZIVVIUYMVIWEREZIVEKI°* ?°'A∆8_ ÷ aERHQE]RIGIWWMXEXISZIVWM^MRKXLI(*% *MKYVI
'SQFMREXMSR4PERX )UYEP'LMPPIV*PS[W
3,000 gpm
9.5˚ F ∆Τ 1,500 gpm
Electric Centrifugal Chiller
14.6˚ F ∆Τ 1,500 gpm
500 Ton Direct-Fired Absorption Chiller Bypass Line System Pump(s) System Load
¨ %QIVMGER7XERHEVH-RG%PPVMKLXWVIWIVZIH 7=7%1 1E]
REV_SY13_book.book Page 27 Friday, May 28, 1999 11:42 AM
)\EQTPI 9RIUYEPXS[IV[EXIVEPPSGEXMSR %RSXLIVSTXMSRMWXSEZSMH (*%SZIVWM^MRKF]PIZIVEKMRKXLIQYPXMWXEKIIPIGXVMGGLMPPIV WEFMPMX]XSSTIVEXI EXIPIZEXIHGSSPMRK[EXIVXIQTIVEXYVIW;IGEREGGSQTPMWLXLMWF]MRGVIEWMRK XLI(*% WWLEVISJXS[IV[EXIVJPS[JVSQXS 1&L (*% ∆8 = -------------------------------------------- = * × KTQ
8LMWPIEZIW KTQ? 0TWAJSVXLIIPIGXVMGGLMPPIV]MIPHMRKEGSSPMRK XIQTIVEXYVIHMJJIVIRGISJ 1&L )PIGXVMG ∆8 = -------------------------------------------- = * × KTQ
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
'SQFMREXMSR4PERX 9RIUYEP'LMPPIV*PS[W
3,000 gpm
14.2˚ F ∆Τ 1,000 gpm
Electric Centrifugal Chiller
11˚ F ∆Τ 2,000 gpm
500 Ton Direct-Fired Absorption Chiller Bypass Line System Pump(s) System Load
¨ %QIVMGER7XERHEVH-RG%PPVMKLXWVIWIVZIH 7=7%1 1E]
REV_SY13_book.book Page 28 Friday, May 28, 1999 11:42 AM
QE]FISRTIVJSVQERGIGSWXSVSXLIVJEGXSVW8LIHIWMKRIVQYWXFIGSKRM^ERX SJ[LMGLGVMXIVMEEVIQSWXMQTSVXERXXSXLIS[RIVERHWEXMWJ]XLIWI VIUYMVIQIRXWJSVXLIGLMPPIVTPERX WHIWMKRYWMRKXLISTXMSRWEZEMPEFPI
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
¨ %QIVMGER7XERHEVH-RG%PPVMKLXWVIWIVZIH 7=7%1 1E]
REV_SY13_book.book Page 29 Friday, May 28, 1999 11:42 AM
8EFPI
*PS[6EXI'SQTEVMWSR 'SRZIRXMSREP (IWMKR KTQXSR ? 0TWO;A
0S[JPS[(IWMKR KTQXSR ?0TWO;A
?A
?A
*YPPPSEHKEWGSRWYQTXMSR XLIVQW ?O;LA
?A
?A
'SRHIRWIVJPS[VEXI KTQ ?0TWA
?A
? A
0IEZMRK';XIQTIVEXYVI * ?'A
? A
?A
?A
? A
?A
?A
%FWSVTXMSR'LMPPIV'SQTSRIRX 'ETEGMX]MRXSRW?O;A '34
'SRHIRWIVLIEH JIIXSJ[EXIV ?O4EA 'SSPMRK8S[IV'SQTSRIRX 7XEXMGLIEH JIIXSJ[EXIV ?O4EA 2YQFIVSJGIPPW *ERLTTIVGIPP?O;TIVGIPPA 8SXEPXS[IVTS[IV?O;A
?A
? A
'SRHIRWIV[EXIV4YQT'SQTSRIRX 4MTMRKZEPZITVIWWYVIHVST JIIXSJ[EXIV ?O4EA
? A
? A
8SXEPLIEH JIIXSJ[EXIV ?O4EA
?A
?A
?A
? A
O;?O;A
%RRYEP3TIVEXMRK'SWX9WMRK86%') 'LMPPIV'SSPMRK8S[IV';4YQT
¨ %QIVMGER7XERHEVH-RG%PPVMKLXWVIWIVZIH 7=7%1 1E]
REV_SY13_book.book Page 30 Friday, May 28, 1999 11:42 AM
*MKYVI
*PS[6EXIWZIVWYW3TIVEXMRK'SWXW
$30 4.45 gpm/ton $25
3.60 gpm/ton
Operating Cost Per Hour
3.09 gpm/ton $20
$15
$10
$5
$0 25%
50%
75%
Full Load
Percent of Chiller Load
¨ %QIVMGER7XERHEVH-RG%PPVMKLXWVIWIVZIH 7=7%1 1E]
REV_SY13_book.book Page 31 Friday, May 28, 1999 11:42 AM
%FWSVTXMSR'LMPPIV7TIGMEP%TTPMGEXMSRW %FWSVTXMSRGLMPPIVWEVIYWIHMRGSQJSVXGSSPMRKTVSGIWWGSSPMRKERHL]FVMH W]WXIQWFEWMGEPP]ER]W]WXIQ[LIVIXLIPMJIG]GPIIGSRSQMGWQEOIWIRWI-R EHHMXMSREFWSVTXMSRGLMPPIVWJMXI\XVIQIP][IPPMRWIZIVEPRMGLIETTPMGEXMSRW ;LMPIXLMWWIGXMSRHIEPW[MXLWSQISJXLIWIETTPMGEXMSRWXLIVIEVISXLIVW[LMGL QE]EPWSJMXZIV][IPP
,IEXMRK-W%ZEMPEFPI %FWSVTXMSRGLMPPIVWXLEXEVIRSXHMVIGXJMVIHVIUYMVIEWSYVGISJLIEX-RQER] MRHYWXVMEPETTPMGEXMSRWWYGLWSYVGIWSJ[EWXILIEXEVIEZEMPEFPI8LIWI GMVGYQWXERGIWEVIMHIEPJSVMRWXEPPEXMSRSJEFWSVTXMSRGLMPPIVW7TIGMJMG ETTPMGEXMSRWMRGPYHIXLSWIMRXLIJSPPS[MRKPMWX n
%L]FVMHW]WXIQ[LIVIXLIIPIGXVMGGLMPPIVMWVYRRMRKMRELIEXVIGSZIV] QSHI EXELMKLIRSYKLXIQTIVEXYVIXLIIPIGXVMGGLMPPIVTVSZMHIWTVILIEXXS XLIEFWSVTXMSRGLMPPIV
n
-RHYWXVMEPTVSGIWWIW[MXL[EWXILIEXWYGLEWWXIEQXYVFMRIWSVWXIEQJVSQ WXIVMPM^EXMSR WMRGIXLIWXIEQQYWXFIGSRHIRWIHFIJSVIFIMRKVIYWIH EFWSVTXMSRGLMPPIVWGERFIYWIHXSGSRHIRWIMXXLYWKVIEXP]VIHYGMRKXLI GSWXSJTVSZMHMRKGSSPMRK
n
4VSGIWWIWXLEXMRGPYHIKEWIRKMRIHVMZIRGLMPPIVWSVKEWIRKMRIWXLEX TVSHYGIIPIGXVMGMX] SJXIRXLIWIIRKMRIWLEZI[EXIVNEGOIXWXSVIQSZILIEX JVSQXLIIRKMRIGEWMRK3RGIEKEMRXLMWLIEXGERFIYWIHXSVIHYGIXLIGSWX SJTVSZMHMRKGSSPMRK
n
4VSGIWWPSEHWXLEXVYRGSRWXERXP] KEWYXMPMX]VEXIWQE]FII\XVIQIP] FIRIJMGMEPXSXLSWI[LSGERTVSZMHIELSYVTIVHE]PSEHXSXLIYXMPMX]
8YVFMRI-RPIX'SSPMRK 9XMPMXMIWSVPEVKIMRHYWXVMEPGYWXSQIVWQE]YWIKEWXYVFMRIWXSTVSHYGI IPIGXVMGMX]8LIWIXYVFMRIWFIGSQIQSVIIJJMGMIRXEWXLIHIRWMX]SJIRXIVMRKEMV MRGVIEWIW&IGEYWIEMVHIRWMX]MRGVIEWIWEWMXWXIQTIVEXYVIMWPS[IVIHMXMW SJXIRFIRIJMGMEPXSGSSPXLIEMV%FWSVTXMSRGLMPPIVWGERFIMHIEPIWTIGMEPP][LIR LIEXMWEZEMPEFPIJVSQXLIXYVFMRIWXSHVMZISVJMVIXLIEFWSVFIV
,SX%MVEWER)RIVK]7SYVGI 8LIVIEVIQER]ETTPMGEXMSRW[LIVIXLIIRIVK]WSYVGIEZEMPEFPIEXEJEGMPMX]MW LSXEMV8LMWEMVMWX]TMGEPP]°* XS °*? °' XS °'A-RXLITEWXWSQI QERYJEGXYVIVWSJHMVIGXJMVIHEFWSVTXMSRGLMPPIVWLEHHIWMKRWXLEXGSYPHFIJMVIH [MXLXLMWEMVWSYVGIHMVIGXP]8SHE][IJMRHXLEXERSXLIVTEXLMWGSQQSRP] GLSWIRSRI[LMGLMRZSPZIWXLIYWISJEWTIGMEPM^IHLIEXI\GLERKIVXSLIEX ¨ %QIVMGER7XERHEVH-RG%PPVMKLXWVIWIVZIH 7=7%1 1E]
REV_SY13_book.book Page 32 Friday, May 28, 1999 11:42 AM
[EXIVJSVYWI[MXLEWMRKPIIJJIGXSVHSYFPIIJJIGXEFWSVTXMSRGLMPPIVEWMR *MKYVI8LMWX]TISJLIEXI\GLERKIVGERHIZIPST[EXIVXIQTIVEXYVIWJVSQ °* XS °*? °' XS °'A8LIRSQMREPVIUYMVIQIRXJSVMRPIX[EXIV XIQTIVEXYVIMREX]TMGEPWMRKPIIJJIGXEFWSVFIVMW°*?°'AERHMREHSYFPI IJJIGXEFWSVFIVMXMW°*?°'A *MKYVI
,SX%MVEWER)RIVK]7SYVGI
Absorption Chiller Inlet to Generator
Chilled-Water Loop and Condenser-Water Loop Are Not Shown
Hot Source Air
Heating Coil
Cooler Return Air
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n
YRMXGSRXVSPWXLEXVIKYPEXIGSQTSRIRXSTIVEXMSRERHTVIZIRXIUYMTQIRX HEQEKI ERH
n
W]WXIQGSRXVSPWXLEXQEMRXEMRXLIHIWMVIHGSQJSVXGSRHMXMSRW
8LIVIWXSJXLMWWIGXMSRHMWGYWWIWGSRXVSPGSRWMHIVEXMSRWYRMUYIXSGSQJSVX W]WXIQW[MXLEFWSVTXMSRGLMPPIVW
¨ %QIVMGER7XERHEVH-RG%PPVMKLXWVIWIVZIH 7=7%1 1E]
REV_SY13_book.book Page 33 Friday, May 28, 1999 11:42 AM
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REV_SY13_book.book Page 34 Friday, May 28, 1999 11:42 AM
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REV_SY13_book.book Page 36 Friday, May 28, 1999 11:42 AM
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¨ %QIVMGER7XERHEVH-RG%PPVMKLXWVIWIVZIH 7=7%1 1E]
REV_SY13_ch3.fm Page 39 Tuesday, June 1, 1999 10:40 AM
*MKYVI
4EVEPPIP%VVERKIQIRX
Electric Centrifugal Chiller
55˚ F
¨ %QIVMGER7XERHEVH-RG%PPVMKLXWVIWIVZIH 7=7%1 1E]
45˚ F
Absorption Chiller
4IVJSVQERGI
*PS[+41 ?0TWA
);8 *?'A
0;8 *?'A
'34
%FWSVTXMSR'LMPPIV
?A
? A
?A
)PIGXVMG'IRXVMJYKEP'LMPPIV
?A
? A
?A
REV_SY13_book.book Page 40 Friday, May 28, 1999 11:42 AM
'SQQSR(IGSYTPIH 3JXIRSVQSVIGLMPPIVWYWYEPP]TMTIHMRTEVEPPIPGSQTVMWIEGLMPPIVTPERX 4PEGMRKXLIGLMPPIVWERHEWWSGMEXIHTYQTWMREHIGSYTPIHEVVERKIQIRXEWMR *MKYVISJJIVWWIZIVEPHMWXMRGXEHZERXEKIWSZIVGSRZIRXMSREPTEVEPPIPTMTMRK GSRJMKYVEXMSRW
*SVEHMWGYWWMSRSJHIGSYTPIHW]WXIQ HIWMKRTVMRGMTPIWVIJIVXS'LETXIVSJ XLI %7,6%),:%'7]WXIQWERH )UYMTQIRX,ERHFSSOERHXSXLI8VERI )RKMRIIVIH7]WXIQW'PMRMGIRXMXPIH l'LMPPIH;EXIV7]WXIQ(IWMKR3TXMSRW ERH%TTPMGEXMSRWz SVHIVRS';7'0' %8VERI)RKMRIIVW2I[WPIXXIVl'LMPPIV 4PERX7]WXIQ4IVJSVQERGIz :SP 2S I\EQMRIWXLIFIRIJMXWSJ HIGSYTPMRKGLMPPIVWJVSQXLIGLMPPIH[EXIV HMWXVMFYXMSRPSST
n
,]HVEYPMGEPP]MWSPEXIW SVHIGSYTPIW XLIGLMPPIVTPERX TVSHYGXMSRJPS[ JVSQ XLIW]WXIQPSEH HMWXVMFYXMSRJPS[ IPMQMREXMRKQER]SJXLIJPS[ERH GSRXVSPVIPEXIHTVSFPIQWGSQQSRXSQYPXMTPIGLMPPIVETTPMGEXMSRW
n
4VSZMHIWEVIPMEFPIIRIVK]IJJMGMIRXWYTTP]SJGLMPPIH[EXIV7MRGIXLI MRHMZMHYEPGLMPPIVPSSTWEVIHIGSYTPIHJVSQIEGLSXLIVERHJVSQXLI HMWXVMFYXMSRJPS[XLI]EVIWMQTPIXSGSRXVSP
n
6IEHMP]EGGSQQSHEXIWJYXYVII\TERWMSR[MXLSYXHMWXYVFMRKXLISVMKMREP W]WXIQGSQTSRIRXWERHEHETXWXSEPPGLMPPIH[EXIVW]WXIQZEVMEXMSRW IK XLIVQEPWXSVEKILIEXVIGSZIV]JVIIGSSPMRK
%FEWMGJEGXSJHIGSYTPIHW]WXIQHIWMKRMWXLEXEPPGLMPPIVWQYWXFIWIPIGXIHXS STIVEXI[MXLXLIWEQIPIEZMRK[EXIVXIQTIVEXYVIERHW]WXIQ[EXIV
*MKYVI
'SQQSR(IGSYTPIH%VVERKIQIRX
Electric Centrifugal Chiller
Electric Centrifugal Chiller
Absorption Chiller Production Bypass Line
Distribution
¨ %QIVMGER7XERHEVH-RG%PPVMKLXWVIWIVZIH 7=7%1 1E]
REV_SY13_book.book Page 41 Friday, May 28, 1999 11:42 AM
XIQTIVEXYVIVMWI ∆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
*MKYVI
(IGSYTPIH%VVERKIQIRX[MXL4VIJIVIRXMEP0SEHMRK
Electric Centrifugal Chiller
Electric Centrifugal Chiller Production Bypass Line
Distribution
Absorption Chiller ¨ %QIVMGER7XERHEVH-RG%PPVMKLXWVIWIVZIH 7=7%1 1E]
REV_SY13_book.book Page 42 Friday, May 28, 1999 11:42 AM
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
*MKYVI
7MHIWXVIEQ%VVERKIQIRX[MXL4VIJIVIRXMEP0SEHMRK
Electric Centrifugal Chiller
Electric Centrifugal Chiller Production Bypass Line
Distribution
Absorption Chiller
¨ %QIVMGER7XERHEVH-RG%PPVMKLXWVIWIVZIH 7=7%1 1E]
REV_SY13_book.book Page 43 Friday, May 28, 1999 11:42 AM
7MHIWXVIEQHIGSYTPIHETTPMGEXMSRWEVIYWYEPP]QSWXIGSRSQMGEP[LIRXLI WMHIWXVIEQGLMPPIVMWWQEPPIVXLERXLSWISRXLITVSHYGXMSRWMHISJXLIF]TEWW PMRI7MRGITYQTMRKVIUYMVIQIRXWERHIRIVK]GSRWYQTXMSRWGLERKI[MXL QSHMJMGEXMSRWXSXLIW]WXIQEVVERKIQIRXMXMWFIWXXSYWIEGSQTYXIVM^IH EREP]WMWXSSPXSQSHIPXLIIGSRSQMGIJJIGXW
7]WXIQ3TXMSR%REP]WMW ;MXLWSQER]W]WXIQSTXMSRWEZEMPEFPI[LMGLMWFIWX#%GSQQSRIRKMRIIVMRK ERW[IVMWl-XHITIRHWz)EGLSTXMSR[SVOWZIV][IPPMRZEVMSYWETTPMGEXMSRW 8LIQEKMGMWJMRHMRKSYX[LIRMXETTPMIWXSETEVXMGYPEVWMXYEXMSR ;LMPIWSQIHIWMKRIVW[SVO[MXLEJYPPIRIVK]EREP]WMWTVSKVEQWYGLEW 86%') SV(3)XLIVIEVIXMQIW[LIREJYPPIRIVK]EREP]WMWMWRSX [EVVERXIH7YGLWMXYEXMSRWMRGPYHI
¨ %QIVMGER7XERHEVH-RG%PPVMKLXWVIWIVZIH 7=7%1 1E]
n
MRZIV]TVIPMQMREV]WXEKIW[LIRXLIVIMWEQMRMQYQSJMRJSVQEXMSREFSYX FYMPHMRKHIWMKRERHYWIEZEMPEFPI
n
[LIRXLIFYMPHMRKS[RIVSVHIZIPSTIV[ERXWWSQIEREP]WMWFYXMWRSX [MPPMRKXSTE]JSVEJYPPIRIVK]EREP]WMW ERHSV
n
[LIRXLIIRKMRIIVMWWXMPPXV]MRKXSWIGYVIXLINSF[ERXWXSTIVJSVQWSQI EREP]WMWXSLMKLPMKLXLMWSVLIVJMVQ WGETEFMPMXMIWFYXGERSRP]WTIRH QMRYXIWXSLSYVXSTIVJSVQXLIEREP]WMW
REV_SY13_book.book Page 44 Friday, May 28, 1999 11:42 AM
8EFPI
8EFPISJ%PXIVREXMZIW )PIGXVMG 4EVEPPIP 4YQTMRK (IGSYTPIH
)PIGXVMG 4EVEPPIP 4YQTMRK
(*% )PIGXVMG 7IVMIW4YQTMRK
'LMPPIV
)PIGXVMG '34
(*%'34
)PIGXVMG '34
'LMPPIV
)PIGXVMG '34
)PIGXVMG '34
)PIGXVMG '34
4EVEPPIP
7IVMIW
4EVEPPIP
2S
2S
=IW
?A
? A
?A
2%
'LMPPIV'LMPPIH[EXIV4YQTO;
2%
7]WXIQ'LMPPIH[EXIV4YQTO;
2%
'SRHIRWIV8IQTIVEXYVI(MJJIVIRGI *?'A
?A
?A
?A
'LMPPIV'SRHIRWIV[EXIV4YQTO;
'LMPPIV'SRHIRWIV[EXIV4YQTO;
4MTMRK%VVERKIQIRX (IGSYTPIH# )ZETSVEXSV8IQTIVEXYVI(MJJIVIRGI *?'A 'LMPPIV'LMPPIH[EXIV4YQTO;
8SXEP%RRYEP3TIVEXMRK'SWXSJ 'LMPPIH[EXIV4PERX
-RXLIWIERHWMQMPEVWMXYEXMSRWYWISJEWGSTMRKXSSPMW[EVVERXIH3RIWYGLXSSP MW7]WXIQ%REP]^IV¬E;MRHS[WFEWIHXSSPXLEXGERFIYWIHMRERLSYVSV PIWWXSGSQTEVIZEVMSYWEPXIVREXMZIW7]WXIQ%REP]^IV[EWYWIHXSGSQTEVI EPXIVREXMZIW8LIYXMPMX]VEXIWJSVEPPEPXIVREXMZIWEVI n
SRTIEOIPIGXVMGGSRWYQTXMSRGLEVKIO;L
n
SJJTIEOIPIGXVMGGSRWYQTXMSRGLEVKIO;L
n
SRTIEOHIQERHGLEVKI QSRXLW O;
n
SJJTIEOHIQERHGLEVKIO; ERH
n
KEWGSRWYQTXMSRGLEVKIXLIVQ?O;LA
8LIEPXIVREXMZIWERHVIWYPXWEVIWLS[RMR8EFPIERHXLIVIWYPXWEVIWLS[R KVETLMGEPP]MR*MKYVISRTEKI -RXLMWI\EQTPIXLIL]FVMHTPERXWEZIHIMXLIV SVSJERRYEPGLMPPIH [EXIVTPERXSTIVEXMRKGSWXW-XGERFIWIIRXLEX[MXLEWGSTMRKEREP]WMWXLI HIWMKRIVQE]FIEFPIXSTVSZMHIELMKLIVZEPYIW]WXIQXSXLIFYMPHMRKS[RIV
¨ %QIVMGER7XERHEVH-RG%PPVMKLXWVIWIVZIH 7=7%1 1E]
REV_SY13_book.book Page 45 Friday, May 28, 1999 11:42 AM
*MKYVI
7]WXIQ%REP]^IV¬+VETL
8LIVQEP7XSVEKI %WTVIZMSYWP]WXEXIHEFWSVTXMSRGLMPPIVWGERHVEQEXMGEPP]VIHYGIIPIGXVMG HIQERHGLEVKIW8LIVQEPWXSVEKIXIGLRSPSK]EPWSVIHYGIWIPIGXVMGHIQERH GLEVKIW8SKIXLIVEGSQFMREXMSRSJXLIVQEPWXSVEKIERHEFWSVTXMSRIUYMTQIRX MJNYWXMJMEFPI SJJIVWWMKRMJMGERXIRIVK]GSWXWEZMRKW7]WXIQHIWMKRIVW GSRWMHIVMRKXLIVQEPWXSVEKISJXIRVYPISYXEFWSVTXMSRIUYMTQIRXLS[IZIV FIGEYWISJMXWPS[XIQTIVEXYVIPMQMXEXMSR MIQMRMQYQ°*?°'APIEZMRK IZETSVEXSV[EXIVXIQTIVEXYVI 8LMWMWYRRIGIWWEV]&]TVSTIVP]WIPIGXMRKERH HIWMKRMRKXLIW]WXIQEFWSVTXMSRVIJVMKIVEXMSRERHXLIVQEPWXSVEKIGERFI WYGGIWWJYPP]GSQFMRIHMREL]FVMHGLMPPIVTPERX %FWSVTXMSR'LMPPIVWERH'LMPPIH[EXIV7XSVEKI -JEFWSVTXMSRIUYMTQIRXMWYWIHMRERETTPMGEXMSR[MXLERSRTIEO HE]XMQI PSEHERHRSSJJTIEO RMKLXXMQI HIQERHXLIEFWSVTXMSRQEGLMRIQE]FIEFPI XSGLEVKIEGLMPPIH[EXIVXEROEXRMKLXERHXLIRSTIVEXIMRGSRNYRGXMSR[MXLXLI XEROHYVMRKXLIHE])GSRSQMGNYWXMJMGEXMSRJSVXLMWX]TISJW]WXIQHITIRHWSR XLIPSEHTVSJMPISJXLIFYMPHMRKXLIGSWXSJXLIGLMPPIH[EXIVXEROEZEMPEFMPMX]SJ WTEGIIXGERHWLSYPHFII\EQMRIHYWMRKEGSQTYXIVM^IHEREP]WMWTVSKVEQ
¨ %QIVMGER7XERHEVH-RG%PPVMKLXWVIWIVZIH 7=7%1 1E]
REV_SY13_book.book Page 46 Friday, May 28, 1999 11:42 AM
%FWSVTXMSR'LMPPIVWERH-GI7XSVEKI
7MRGIIGSRSQMGNYWXMJMGEXMSRSJEL]FVMH GLMPPIVW]WXIQ[MXLMGIMRZSPZIWVIFEXIW HIQERHGLEVKIWERHWIZIVEPYXMPMX]VEXI WXVYGXYVIWYWISJEGSQTYXIVM^IHIRIVK] EREP]WMWTVSKVEQMWMQTIVEXMZI
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r ERH r XLIW]WXIQMWMWSPEXIHERHXLI IPIGXVMGGLMPPIVMWYWIHXSGLEVKIXLIMGIXEROW%XQMHTIEO ,SYVW r XLIMGI XEROWEVIHSVQERXERHSRISVFSXLGLMPPIVWSTIVEXIEWVIUYMVIHXSQIIXXLI PSEH;LIRFYMPHMRKGSSPMRKHIQERHMWEXMXWTIEO ,SYVW r STIVEXMSRSJ XLIIPIGXVMGGLMPPIVMWIPMQMREXIHERHXLIEFWSVTXMSRGLMPPIVEWWYQIWEWQYGLSJ XLIPSEHEWMXGER%R]VIQEMRMRKGSSPMRKVIUYMVIQIRXMWWEXMWJMIHF]XLIMGI WXSVEKIXEROW
¨ %QIVMGER7XERHEVH-RG%PPVMKLXWVIWIVZIH 7=7%1 1E]
REV_SY13_book.book Page 47 Friday, May 28, 1999 11:42 AM
;LIRETTPMIHMRXLMWQERRIVEL]FVMHGLMPPIVW]WXIQ[MXLMGISJJIVWWMKRMJMGERX EHZERXEKIW n
-XQMRMQM^IW TIVLETWIZIRIPMQMREXIW IPIGXVMGGLMPPIVSTIVEXMSRHYVMRKTIEO LSYVWMRIJJIGXTVSZMHMRKXLIFIRIJMXWSJEJYPPWXSVEKIW]WXIQFYXEXEPS[IV JMVWXGSWX[LMPISGGYT]MRKGSRWMHIVEFP]PIWWWTEGI
n
-XQE]FIIPMKMFPIJSVMRGIRXMZIWJVSQFSXLIPIGXVMGERHKEWYXMPMXMIW
*MKYVI
,]FVMH'LMPPIV7]WXIQ[MXL-GI
Electric Centrifugal Chiller Ice Storage
Production Bypass Line
Return from Coils
¨ %QIVMGER7XERHEVH-RG%PPVMKLXWVIWIVZIH 7=7%1 1E]
DIrect-fired Absorption Chiller
Distribution
Supply to Coils
REV_SY13_book.book Page 48 Friday, May 28, 1999 11:42 AM
*MKYVI 1,500 Tons
)\EQTPI&YMPHMRK0SEH4VSJMPI
Hybrid Chiller System with Ice Electric Chiller #1 Absorption Chiller #2 Charge Ice Use Ice
1,000 Tons
500 Tons
0 Tons
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
Hour of the Day
¨ %QIVMGER7XERHEVH-RG%PPVMKLXWVIWIVZIH 7=7%1 1E]
REV_SY13_book.book Page 49 Friday, May 28, 1999 11:42 AM
,IEXMRK%TTPMGEXMSRW %WHMWGYWWIHMRl%FWSVTXMSR %R3ZIVZMI[z TEKIWr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
¨ %QIVMGER7XERHEVH-RG%PPVMKLXWVIWIVZIH 7=7%1 1E]
REV_SY13_book.book Page 50 Friday, May 28, 1999 11:42 AM
%W]SYVIEHXLIQEXIVMEPTVIWIRXIHLIVI VIQIQFIVXLEXXLITVMRGMTPIIPIQIRXW JSYRHMRXLIGSQFYWXMSRSJWXERHEVHJYIPW MRGPYHIGEVFSR ' L]HVSKIR , S\]KIR 3 ERHRMXVSKIR 2 WYPJYV 7 MQTYVMXMIW QE]EPWSFITVIWIRX8LIJSPPS[MRK IUYEXMSRWVITVIWIRXXLIGLIQMGEP VIEGXMSRWXVMKKIVIHF]XLIGSQFYWXMSR TVSGIWW ' + 3 → '3 , + 3 → , 3 7 + 3 → 73 2MXVSKIRS\MHI 23\ GSQTSYRHWERSXLIV TVSHYGXSJGSQFYWXMSREVIHMWGYWWIHPEXIV MRXLMWWIGXMSR WIIl23\)QMWWMSRWzSR TEKI
6YPIWSJXLYQFJSVIWXMQEXMRK WXSMGLMSQIXVMGEMV 6YPI 7SYVGI +SVHSR4MEXX)RIVK] +VSYT %PPS[GYJXSJEMVJSVIZIV]&XYSJ KVSWWLIEXMRKZEPYI XLIRJVSQXLEXZEPYI WYFXVEGXGYJX*SVI\EQTPIREXYVEPKEW GSRXEMRW&XYGYJX XLIVIJSVI 7XSMGLMSQIXVMG%MV6IUYMVIH! ! GYJXEMVGYJXREXYVEPKEW 6YPI 7SYVGI %7,6%) *YRHEQIRXEPW,ERHFSSO l%RSXLIVJVIUYIRXP]YWIHZEPYIJSV IWXMQEXMRKEMVVIUYMVIQIRXWMWXLEX GYJX ?Q«ASJEMVMWVIUYMVIHJSV &XY ? 1.ASJJYIPz*SVREXYVEPKEWXLIR 7XSMGLMSQIXVMG%MV6IUYMVIH!\ ! GYJXGYJX? Q«Q«AREXYVEPKEW 8LIWII\EQTPIWHIQSRWXVEXIXLIMRI\EGX REXYVISJlVYPISJXLYQFzGEPGYPEXMSRWERH YRHIVWGSVIXLIMQTSVXERGISJETTP]MRK WYGLVYPIWSRP]JSVRSRGVMXMGEPTVSGIWWIW
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REV_SY13_book.book Page 51 Friday, May 28, 1999 11:42 AM
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REV_SY13_book.book Page 52 Friday, May 28, 1999 11:42 AM
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REV_SY13_ch4.fm Page 53 Tuesday, June 1, 1999 10:41 AM
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Flue Gas Ducting
Flue Gas Intake Motorized FGR Shutoff Valve
FGR Control Valve
Burner A typical flue-gas recirculation (FGR) system includes a stack flue-gas intake and associated piping, as well as a shutoff valve and a control valve. (The latter is modulated via linkages with the burner air/fuel control motor and is therefore usually factory mounted.) As referenced in the illustration, basic installation (if not supplied as part of the DFA equipment) requires that the installer do the following.
Modify the burner stack to accept the flue-gas intake. Position the intake at the center of the stack inside diameter, either 3 to 5 stack diameters from the machine outlet or upstream of an existing stack-outlet damper.
Run piping from the stack outlet to the inlet of the combustion air windbox. Steel tubing with a wall thickness of 0.125" [3.175 mm] is typically suitable. Provide adequate mounting and bracing throughout the run.
Use elbows with a radius-to-diameter (R/D) ratio > 2. Minimize the number of elbows to limit pressure drop. Sectioned elbows, if used, must consist of multiple segments.
Insulate the ducting to minimize surface temperature and to comply with OSHA standards and applicable codes.
Design all FGR piping runs to provide adequate clearance for machine inspection and service.
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REV_SY13_book.book Page 54 Friday, May 28, 1999 11:42 AM
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REV_SY13_book.book Page 55 Friday, May 28, 1999 11:42 AM
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REV_SY13_book.book Page 56 Friday, May 28, 1999 11:42 AM
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REV_SY13_book.book Page 57 Friday, May 28, 1999 11:42 AM
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REV_SY13_book.book Page 58 Friday, May 28, 1999 11:42 AM
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REV_SY13_book.book Page 59 Friday, May 28, 1999 11:42 AM
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REV_SY13_book.book Page 60 Friday, May 28, 1999 11:42 AM
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REV_SY13_book.book Page 61 Friday, May 28, 1999 11:42 AM
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r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¨ %QIVMGER7XERHEVH-RG%PPVMKLXWVIWIVZIH 7=7%1 1E]
REV_SY13_book.book Page 62 Friday, May 28, 1999 11:42 AM
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
¨ %QIVMGER7XERHEVH-RG%PPVMKLXWVIWIVZIH 7=7%1 1E]
REV_SY13_book.book Page 63 Friday, May 28, 1999 11:42 AM
MWHMGXEXIHF]XLIFYVRIVQERYJEGXYVIVERHF]XLIGSRHMXMSRSJXLIQEGLMRI W STIVEXMRKIRZMVSRQIRX(YWX]SVSXLIV[MWIEHZIVWIGSRHMXMSRWVIUYMVIQSVI JVIUYIRXQEMRXIRERGI
;EXIVERH0MXLMYQ&VSQMHI7SPYXMSR1EMRXIRERGI %MVPIEOWEGGIPIVEXIMRLMFMXSVHITPIXMSRERH GEYWII\GIWWMZIL]HVSKIRTVSHYGXMSR 7MRGIEFWSVTXMSRQEGLMRIWEVIYREFPIXS GSSPIJJIGXMZIP][LIRXSSQYGLL]HVSKIR MWJSVQIHQEGLMRISTIVEXMSRYRHIVXLIWI GSRHMXMSRWMWRSXVIGSQQIRHIHYRXMPXLI PIEOMWIPMQMREXIH
*SPPS[XLIQERYJEGXYVIV WMRWXVYGXMSRWJSV MRWXEPPMRKSTIVEXMRKERHQEMRXEMRMRK EY\MPMEV]GLMPPIVTPERXIUYMTQIRX*SVQSVI KIRIVEPMRJSVQEXMSRSRXLMWXSTMGVIJIVXS XLI %7,6%),:%'7]WXIQWERH )UYMTQIRX,ERHFSSO 'LETXIV l'SSPMRK8S[IVWz ERHXLIXLIHMXMSRSJ XLI,]HVEYPMG-RWXMXYXI7XERHEVHW GIRXVMJYKEPTYQTW
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
4VIZIRXMZI1EMRXIRERGI-RWTIGXMSRW JSV%FWSVTXMSR'LMPPIVW 4VIZIRXMZIQEMRXIRERGIMWMQTSVXERXXSOIITEFWSVTXMSRGLMPPIVWVYRRMRKEX STXMQYQIJJMGMIRG]%P[E]WGSRWYPXXLIQERYJEGXYVIVJSVWTIGMJMGGLMPPIV QEMRXIRERGIVIGSQQIRHEXMSRW
%Y\MPMEV])UYMTQIRX1EMRXIRERGI 2SHMWGYWWMSRSJXLIQEMRXIRERGIGSRWMHIVEXMSRWJSVEFWSVTXMSRGLMPPIVW[SYPH FIGSQTPIXI[MXLSYXEXPIEWXEGORS[PIHKMRKXLIMQTSVXERGISJ[IPPQEMRXEMRIH EY\MPMEV]IUYMTQIRX4VSTIV[EXIVXVIEXQIRXERHGSRWGMIRXMSYWQEMRXIRERGISJ GSSPMRKXS[IVWTYQTWERH[EXIVTMTMRKIRLERGIGLMPPIVTIVJSVQERGIERH PSRKIZMX]ERHGSRXVMFYXIXSXVSYFPIJVIISTIVEXMSRSJXLIGLMPPIVTPERX
¨ %QIVMGER7XERHEVH-RG%PPVMKLXWVIWIVZIH 7=7%1 1E]
REV_SY13_book.book Page 64 Friday, May 28, 1999 11:42 AM
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
¨ %QIVMGER7XERHEVH-RG%PPVMKLXWVIWIVZIH 7=7%1 1E]
REV_SY13_book.book Page 65 Friday, May 28, 1999 11:42 AM
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
%QIVMGER7SGMIX]SJ1IGLERMGEP)RKMRIIVW
&%'RIX¬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
¨ %QIVMGER7XERHEVH-RG%PPVMKLXWVIWIVZIH 7=7%1 1E]
REV_SY13_book.book Page 66 Friday, May 28, 1999 11:42 AM
GSSPMRK[EXIV ;EXIVSFXEMRIHJVSQXLIWSYVGI XS[IVVMZIVTSRHERHWS JSVXL XS[LMGLLIEXMWVINIGXIH8LI[EXIVJPS[WXLVSYKLXLIXYFIWXLEXVYR XLVSYKLXLIEFWSVFIVERHXLIGSRHIRWIVERHMWVIXYVRIHXSXLIWSYVGI-R IPIGXVMGEPP]HVMZIRGLMPPIVWXLIGSSPMRK[EXIVTMGOWYTLIEXSRP]JVSQXLI GSRHIRWIV-REREFWSVTXMSRGLMPPIVXLIGSSPMRK[EXIVEPWSLEWXSTMGOYTLIEX JVSQXLIEFWSVFIV8LI[EXIVX]TMGEPP]JPS[WJVSQXLIWSYVGIEX °*? °'A JMVWXXSXLIEFWSVFIVERHXLIRXSXLIGSRHIRWIV WIVMIWJPS[ %WWSGMEXIH[EXIV XIQTIVEXYVIWEVIVIJIVVIHXSEWIRXIVMRKEFWSVFIV[EXIVXIQTIVEXYVI SV PIEZMRKXS[IV[EXIVXIQTIVEXYVI ERHPIEZMRKGSRHIRWIV[EXIVXIQTIVEXYVI SV IRXIVMRKXS[IV[EXIVXIQTIVEXYVI %PWSORS[REWXS[IV[EXIVPIEZMRK GSSPMRK[EXIVPIEZMRKGSRHIRWIV[EXIVIRXIVMRKEFWSVFIV[EXIVEFWSVFIVr GSRHIRWIV[EXIVIRXIVMRKGSSPMRK[EXIVSVGSSPMRKXS[IV[EXIV GSSPMRK[EXIVTYQT 'MVGYPEXIWXLIGSSPMRK[EXIVJVSQXLIWSYVGIXLVSYKL XLIEFWSVFIVXLIGSRHIRWIVERHFEGOXSXLIWSYVGI8LMWTYQTMWEW]WXIQ TYQT '34 'SIJJMGMIRXSJ4IVJSVQERGI GSSPMRKIJJIGXHMZMHIHF]LIEXMRTYX HMQIRWMSRPIWW GV]WXEPPM^EXMSR 8LITVSGIWWSJEWEPXPIEZMRKEWSPYXMSR MRXLMWGEWI[EXIVERH PMXLMYQFVSQMHI ERHJSVQMRKGV]WXEPW (*%
(MVIGXJMVIHEFWSVTXMSR
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
97)RZMVSRQIRXEP4VSXIGXMSR%KIRG]
IZETSVEXSV 8LIVIKMSRMRXLIGLMPPIV[LIVIXLIW]WXIQGLMPPIH[EXIVMW GSRXMRYSYWP]GSSPIHF]JPEWLMRKXLIVIJVMKIVERXXSZETSVMREHIITZEGYYQEWMX TMGOWYTLIEXJVSQXLIVIXYVRMRKW]WXIQ[EXIV
¨ %QIVMGER7XERHEVH-RG%PPVMKLXWVIWIVZIH 7=7%1 1E]
REV_SY13_book.book Page 67 Friday, May 28, 1999 11:42 AM
);8
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*+6
*PYIKEWVIGMVGYPEXMSR
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
¨ %QIVMGER7XERHEVH-RG%PPVMKLXWVIWIVZIH 7=7%1 1E]
REV_SY13_book.book Page 68 Friday, May 28, 1999 11:42 AM
MRXIVWXEKI 8LIVIKMSRFIX[IIRXLILMKLXIQTIVEXYVIKIRIVEXSVERHXLIPS[ XIQTIVEXYVIKIRIVEXSV ETTPMIWQEMRP]XSHSYFPIIJJIGXYRMXW -8(
-RMXMEPXIQTIVEXYVIHMJJIVIRGI
PIEZMRKGLMPPIH[EXIV 7IIGLMPPIH[EXIV PIEZMRKGSRHIRWIV[EXIV
7IIGSSPMRK[EXIV
PIEZMRKGSSPMRK[EXIV 7IIGSSPMRK[EXIV PIEZMRKIZETSVEXSV[EXIV 7IIGLMPPIH[EXIV PIEZMRK[EXIV 7IIGLMPPIH[EXIV 0,: 0S[IV,IEXMRK:EPYI XLIEQSYRXSJLIEXI\GPYHMRKXLIPEXIRXLIEXSJ [EXIVZETSVM^EXMSRI\XVEGXIHHYVMRKGSQFYWXMSRTIVYRMXQIEWYVISJJYIP PMXLMYQFVSQMHI
%WEPXXLEXLEWEWXVSRKEXXVEGXMSRJSV[EXIV
PS[JPS[ 'LMPPIH[EXIVSVGSSPMRK[EXIVJPS[VEXIWPIWWXLER%6-WXERHEVHJPS[ VEXIW PS[XIQTIVEXYVIKIRIVEXSV %KIRIVEXSVXLEXMWSRP]YWIHSRHSYFPIIJJIGX YRMXW8LIVIJVMKIVERXZETSVJVSQXLILMKLXIQTIVEXYVIKIRIVEXSVJPS[WXLVSYKL XLIXYFIFYRHPIMRXLIKIRIVEXSV8LIXYFIFYRHPIMWWYVVSYRHIHF]PMXLMYQ FVSQMHIWSPYXMSRERHXLILSXXYFIWGEYWIXLIWYVVSYRHMRKWSPYXMSRXSFSMPSJJ VIJVMKIVERX [EXIV GVIEXMRKQSVIZETSV8LMWZETSVXLIRTEWWIWXLVSYKLXLI IPMQMREXSVWMRXSXLIGSRHIRWIVWIGXMSR%PWSORS[REWWIGSRHWXEKIKIRIVEXSV 0;8
0IEZMRK[EXIVXIQTIVEXYVI
QIGLERMGEPGSQTVIWWMSRVIJVMKIVEXMSRG]GPI 8LIIPIGXVMGEPP]HVMZIRGLMPPIV QEOIWYWISJERIPIGXVMGQSXSVHVMZMRKEGSQTVIWWSVXSTVSHYGIGLMPPIH[EXIV JSVGSSPMRK-XHSIWXLMWZMEEQIGLERMGEPTVSGIWWXLEXYWIWE,*','*' VIJVMKIVERXJSVE[SVOMRKJPYMH-RWMHIXLIZIWWIPEVITVIWWYVIERHXIQTIVEXYVI HMJJIVIRXMEPW[LIVILIEXMWEFWSVFIHEXEPS[XIQTIVEXYVIERHXLIRVINIGXIHEXE LMKLIVXIQTIVEXYVI 3(4 3^SRIHITPIXMSRTSXIRXMEP 37,% TWME
3GGYTEXMSREP7EJIX]ERH,IEPXL%HQMRMWXVEXMSR 4SYRHWTIVWUYEVIMRGLEFWSPYXI TVIWWYVIQIEWYVIQIRX
VIJVMKIVERX (MWXMPPIH[EXIVYWIHEWXLIVIJVMKIVERXMRWMHIEREFWSVTXMSRGLMPPIV 6IJVMKIVERXMWJSYRHSRP]MRXLIGSRHIRWIVERHIZETSVEXSVEWTYVIHMWXMPPIH [EXIV-REPPSXLIVVIKMSRWSJXLIEFWSVTXMSRGLMPPIVXLIVIJVMKIVERXMWQM\IH[MXL XLIPMXLMYQFVSQMHIWSPYXMSREXZEV]MRKGSRGIRXVEXMSRW VIJVMKIVERXTYQT %FWSVTXMSRGLMPPIVWYXMPM^ITYQTWXSQSZIWSPYXMSRJVSQXLI PS[TVIWWYVIWIGXMSRWXSXLILMKLTVIWWYVIWIGXMSRWSJXLIYRMXERHXSGMVGYPEXI JPYMHJSVWTVE]XVIIW8LMWTYQTMWEGLMPPIVTYQT
¨ %QIVMGER7XERHEVH-RG%PPVMKLXWVIWIVZIH 7=7%1 1E]
REV_SY13_book.book Page 69 Friday, May 28, 1999 11:42 AM
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°*?°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
¨ %QIVMGER7XERHEVH-RG%PPVMKLXWVIWIVZIH 7=7%1 1E]
REV_SY13_book.book Page 70 Friday, May 28, 1999 11:42 AM
E EFWSVFIRX r 7IIEPWSPMXLMYQFVSQMHI WSPYXMSR EFWSVTXMSRVIJVMKIVEXMSRr r EQQSRMEERH[EXIVr HMVIGXJMVIH MRHMVIGXJMVIH QYPXMTPIIJJIGX QYPXMTPIWXEKI r STIVEXMRKGLEVEGXIVMWXMGW TIVJSVQERGIGLEVEGXIVMWXMGWGSQQSR WMRKPIIJJIGX WMRKPIWXEKI [EXIVERHPMXLMYQFVSQMHIr EREP]WMW JPYIKEW r TYQTSYX VIJVMKIVERX WSPYXMSR XSSPWr 7IIEPWSGSQTYXIVM^IHEREP]WMW 7]WXIQ%REP]^IV¬ %7,6%) *YRHEQIRXEPW,ERHFSSOr ,:%'7]WXIQWERH)UYMTQIRX,ERHFSSO 6IJVMKIVEXMSR,ERHFSSO 7XERHEVH r %71) EYXSQEXMGXYFIGPIERMRK EY\MPMEV]IUYMTQIRX
F &EGLEVEGLOMX7IIEREP]WMWJPYIKEW &%'RIX¬ FYMPHMRKEYXSQEXMSRW]WXIQr FYMPHMRKPSEHTVSJMPI FYVRIV GSQFYWXMSRVIUYMVIQIRXW IJJMGMIRG] rr PS[23\
G '*' GLMPPIH[EXIV TYQT7IITYQTW VIWIX WXSVEKI7IIXLIVQEPWXSVEKI XIQTIVEXYVIr
¨ %QIVMGER7XERHEVH-RG%PPVMKLXWVIWIVZIH 7=7%1 1E]
REV_SY13_book.book Page 71 Friday, May 28, 1999 11:42 AM
GLMPPIV GLEVEGXIVMWXMGW IGSRSQMGW IRIVK]GSWXWERHJYIPLIEXGSRXIRXZEPYIWHITIRHIRG]FIX[IIR MRWYPEXMSR QEMRXIRERGIGSRXVEGX 7IIEPWSQEMRXIRERGIGSRXVEGXTVMGMRK WTIGMEPETTPMGEXMSRW7IIWTIGMEPETTPMGEXMSRW GLMPPIVWQYPXMTPIr 'SIJJMGMIRXSJ4IVJSVQERGI IJJIGXSJGSSPMRK[EXIVXIQTIVEXYVISR LIEXGSRXIRXZEPYIWYWIHXSGEPGYPEXI X]TMGEPJYPPPSEHZEPYIW GSQFMREXMSRKEWERHIPIGXVMGGLMPPIVTPERXW r HIGSYTPIHEVVERKIQIRXW GSQQSR HIGSYTPIH[MXLTVIJIVIRXMEPPSEHMRK WMHIWXVIEQ[MXLTVIJIVIRXMEPPSEHMRK HIWMKRSTXMQM^EXMSR IUYEP[EXIVEPPSGEXMSRTIVGLMPPIV r TEVEPPIPEVVERKIQIRX WIVMIWEVVERKIQIRX YRIUYEP[EXIVEPPSGEXMSRTIVGLMPPIV GSQFYWXMSREMV r I\GIWW r MHIEP r 7IIEPWSWXSMGLMSQIXVMGEMV QE\MQYQXLISVIXMGEP 7IIEPWSWXSMGLMSQIXVMGEMV GSQFYWXMSRTVSGIWW r GSQTYXIVM^IHEREP]WMW r WYKKIWXIHQMRMQYQTVSKVEQGETEFMPMXMIW YWIHJSVIGSRSQMGNYWXMJMGEXMSR 7IIEPWSEREP]WMWXSSPW GSRHIRWMRKQIXLSH EMVGSSPIH [EXIVGSSPIH GSRXVSPW QEMRXIRERGIYWISJ W]WXIQPIZIP r YRMXPIZIP 7IIEPWSLIEXMRKGSSPMRKGLERKISZIV GLMPPIH[EXIVVIWIX GSSPMRKXS[IV F]TEWW GSQFMREXMSRTPERXW -8(TIVJSVQERGIIWXMQEXMSR ¨ %QIVMGER7XERHEVH-RG%PPVMKLXWVIWIVZIH 7=7%1 1E]
REV_SY13_book.book Page 72 Friday, May 28, 1999 11:42 AM
QYPXMTPIGLMPPIVWERH ZEVMEFPIWTIIHJERW 7IIEPWSVITPEGMRKERI\MWXMRKGLMPPIV PS[JPS[EFWSVTXMSRW]WXIQW GSSPMRK[EXIV r EGGITXEFPIIRXIVMRKXIQTIVEXYVIW IJJIGXWSRIUYMTQIRXSTIVEXMSR IUYEP[EXIVEPPSGEXMSRTIVGLMPPIV TYQT7IITYQTW YRIUYEP[EXIVEPPSGEXMSRTIVGLMPPIV 7IIEPWSPS[JPS[EFWSVTXMSRW]WXIQW GSRXVSPWYRMXPIZIP '347II'SIJJMGMIRXSJ4IVJSVQERGI GSVVSWMSRMRLMFMXSVW GV]WXEPPM^EXMSR
H HEMP]STIVEXMRKPSKW (*%7IIEFWSVTXMSRVIJVMKIVEXMSRHMVIGXJMVIH HMWXMPPIH[EXIV (3)7IIGSQTYXIVM^IHEREP]WMW
I IPIGXVMGEPHIQERHGSWXW IRZMVSRQIRXEPMQTEGX )RZMVSRQIRXEP4VSXIGXMSR%KIRG] )4%7II)RZMVSRQIRXEP4VSXIGXMSR%KIRG] I\LEYWXKEWHYGXERHJPYIWXEGOHIWMKR r
J *+67IIJPYIKEWVIGMVGYPEXMSR JPS[VEXIVIHYGXMSR7IIPS[JPS[EFWSVTXMSRW]WXIQW JPYIKEWVIGMVGYPEXMSR JPYIWXEGOHIWMKR7III\LEYWXKEWHYGXERHJPYIWXEGOHIWMKR JSYPMRK JYIP GSQFYWXMSRr GSRWYQTXMSRr HYEP JPI\MFMPMX] r JYVREGIZSPYQISJ LIEXGSRXIRXSJ r XLISVIXMGEPZSPYQISJ 7IIEPWS6IWSYVGI9XMPM^EXMSR*EGXSV 69*
¨ %QIVMGER7XERHEVH-RG%PPVMKLXWVIWIVZIH 7=7%1 1E]
REV_SY13_book.book Page 73 Friday, May 28, 1999 11:42 AM
K KPSFEP[EVQMRKTSXIRXMEP KVIIRLSYWIIJJIGX +;47IIKPSFEP[EVQMRKTSXIRXMEP
L ,E]W3VWEXOMX7IIEREP]WMWJPYIKEW LIEX SJGSQTVIWWMSR SJHMPYXMSR SJZETSVM^EXMSR r XVERWJIV r LIEXI\GLERKIV LIEXMRKETTPMGEXMSRW LIEXMRKSRP] WMQYPXERISYWLIEXMRKERHGSSPMRK LIEXMRKGSSPMRKGLERKISZIV ,,:7IILMKLIVLIEXMRKZEPYI LMKLIVLIEXMRKZEPYI L]FVMHGLMPPIVTPERX7IIGSQFMREXMSRKEWERHIPIGXVMGGLMPPIVTPERXW XLIVQEP WXSVEKI L]HVSKIRIJJIGXWSRIUYMTQIRXSTIVEXMSR
M MGIWXSVEKI r 7IIEPWSXLIVQEPWXSVEKI MRHSSVEMVUYEPMX] MRLMFMXSVWGSVVSWMSR7IIGSVVSWMSRMRLMFMXSVW MRMXMEPXIQTIVEXYVIHMJJIVIRGI MRWYPEXMSR7IIGLMPPIVMRWYPEXMSR -8(7IIMRMXMEPXIQTIVEXYVIHMJJIVIRGI
P 0,:7IIPS[IVLIEXMRKZEPYI PMUYMHXVETW PMXLMYQFVSQMHIr PS[EQFMIRXGSRHMXMSRW PS[IVLIEXMRKZEPYI PS[JPS[EFWSVTXMSRW]WXIQW r STIVEXMRKGSWXVIHYGXMSR TYFPMWLIHEVXMGPI
¨ %QIVMGER7XERHEVH-RG%PPVMKLXWVIWIVZIH 7=7%1 1E]
REV_SY13_book.book Page 74 Friday, May 28, 1999 11:42 AM
Q QEMRXIRERGI GLMPPIVVIUYMVIQIRXW GSRXVEGXTVMGMRK GSWXW r SJEY\MPMEV]IUYMTQIRX SJFYVRIV SJGLMPPIV SJTYVKIYRMX SJWSPYXMSR SJXYFIW TVIZIRXMZI VSYXMRI QEVMRI[EXIVFS\IW QIGLERMGEPGSQTVIWWMSRVIJVMKIVEXMSR QIXIVMRKHIZMGI r QIXLERIKEW
R REXYVEPKEW rrr RMXVSKIRS\MHIGSQTSYRHW r 7IIEPWS23\IQMWWMSRW 2SJYIPSMP r RSRGSRHIRWEFPIW TYVKMRKSJ W]QTXSQWSJ 23\IQMWWMSRW JYIP23\ TVSQTX23\ XLIVQEP23\
S 3(47IIS^SRIHITPIXMSRTSXIRXMEP STIRTVSTVMIXEV]TVSXSGSP STIRWXERHEVHTVSXSGSP STXMQM^MRKGLMPPIVTPERXSTIVEXMSR 37,% SYXHSSVMRWXEPPEXMSR S^SRIHITPIXMSRTSXIRXMEP
T TMTMRKEVVERKIQIRXW GSSPMRKXS[IVF]TEWW QSVIXLERGLMPPIVWMRWIVMIW 7IIEPWSGSQFMREXMSRKEWERHIPIGXVMGGLMPPIVTPERXW
¨ %QIVMGER7XERHEVH-RG%PPVMKLXWVIWIVZIH 7=7%1 1E]
REV_SY13_book.book Page 75 Friday, May 28, 1999 11:42 AM
TVSTERI TYQTW TYVKI EYXSQEXMG
V VIJVMKIVERX 7IIEPWSHMWXMPPIH[EXIV VIJVMKIVERXTYQT7IITYQTW VITPEGMRKERI\MWXMRKGLMPPIV 6IWSYVGI9XMPM^EXMSR*EGXSV 69* VMKKMRKXLIIUYMTQIRX 69*7II6IWSYVGI9XMPM^EXMSR*EGXSV 69*
W WIVZMGIEFMPMX] WMHIWXVIEQETTPMGEXMSRW7IIGSQFMREXMSRKEWERHIPIGXVMGGLMPPIVTPERXW HIGSYTPIHEVVERKIQIRXWWMHIWXVIEQ[MXLTVIJIVIRXMEPPSEHMRK WSPYXMSR IJJIGXSJRSRGSRHIRWEFPIWSR MRXIVQIHMEXI WXVSRK GSRGIRXVEXIH [IEO HMPYXI WSPYXMSRTYQT7IITYQTW 7SYVGI)RIVK]'SRWYQTXMSR 7IIEPWS6IWSYVGI9XMPM^EXMSR*EGXSV 69* WTIGMEPETTPMGEXMSRW r KEWXYVFMRIMRPIXGSSPMRK LSXEMVLIEXI\GLERKIVW [EWXILIEXWSYVGIW WXSMGLMSQIXVMGEMV r 7]WXIQ%REP]^IV¬ W]WXIQHIWMKREPXIVREXMZIW7IIGSQFMREXMSRKEWERHIPIGXVMGGLMPPIVTPERXW TMTMRKEVVERKIQIRXW LIEXMRKETTPMGEXMSRW XLIVQEPWXSVEKI
X XLIVQEPWXSVEKIr XSSPWEREP]WMW7IIEREP]WMWXSSPW 86%') 8VERI%MV'SRHMXMSRMRK)GSRSQMGW 7IIEREP]WMWXSSPW
YZ[ 97(ITEVXQIRXSJ)RIVK] ZEVMEFPIWTIIHHVMZIW7IIGSSPMRKXS[IVZEVMEFPIWTIIHJERW [EXIVXVIEXQIRXr
¨ %QIVMGER7XERHEVH-RG%PPVMKLXWVIWIVZIH 7=7%1 1E]
8LI8VERI'SQTER] ;SVPH[MHI%TTPMIH7]WXIQW+VSYT 4EQQIP'VIIO6SEH 0E'VSWWI;- [[[XVERIGSQ %R%QIVMGER7XERHEVH'SQTER]
0MXIVEXYVI3VHIV2YQFIV
7=7%1 1E]
*MPI2YQFIV
407=7%1
7YTIVWIHIW
7=7%1 1EV
7XSGOMRK0SGEXMSR
0E'VSWWI
7MRGI8LI8VERI'SQTER]LEWETSPMG]SJGSRXMRYSYWTVSHYGXMQTVSZIQIRXMXVIWIVZIWXLIVMKLXXS GLERKIHIWMKRERHWTIGMJMGEXMSRW[MXLSYXRSXMGI
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