↑ Anion Gap MUDPILES – see next page - Renal failure - Ketoacidosis (diabetes mellitus) - Lactic acidosis - Ethylene glycol (antifreeze) - Salicylates (aspirin) ingestion
Compensate: resp. acidosis (now) Compensate: met. acidosis (hrs/days) pCO2 ↓ by 1-1.5 x ↓ [HCO3–] (1:1) Acute & Chronic (4:10) [HCO3–] ↓ ~40% of pCO2↓
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Vomiting Diuretic use/abuse Antacid use Hyperaldosteronism
Normal Anion Gap (must be ↑ Cl–) - Diarrhea - Glue sniffing - Renal tubular acidosis (RTA) (*NO ↑ glucose like you see w/ DM) - Hyperchloremia 何明霖 - Diuretics - IV fluids (too much)
- Hyperventilation - Aspirin ingestion (early)
Anion Gap = Na+ – (Cl– + HCO3–) Normal AG = 12 ± 3 mEq/L
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