ABC de Los Transgenicos

 

AE MHD ba e`s trmgsjîgnd`s trmgsjîgnd`s Dmrcae` Xunz Cmrrar`*  = °]uî as ug mencagt` trmgsjîgnd`0 E`s "trmgsjîgnd`s" u `rjmgnsc`s c`bnindmb`s jagîtndmcagta (@CJ) s`g `rjmgnsc`s guav`s dramb`s ag emh`rmt`rn`, duyms dmrmdtarãstndms sa lmg metarmb` cabnmgta em ngsardnôg ba jagas ba `trms aspadnas, e` dume eas mp`rtm guavms dmrmdtarãstndms larabmheas. E`s mencagt`s eemcmb`s "trmgsjîgnd`s" s`g mencagt`s ag duym aemh`rmdnôg sa lm usmb` mejög trmgsjîgnd`. _uaba sar ae `rjmgnsc` ag sã d`c` ag ae dms` ba e`s jrmg`s ba cmãz, ` ug mencagt` barnvmb` ba ug trmgsjîgnd`, d`c` p`r afacpe`6 em "dmrga" y ae mdanta ba s`ym trmgsjîgndm, e`s "d`rgiemkas" imhrndmb`s utnenzmgb` cmãz trmgsjîgnd`, e`s pr`budt`s `htagnb`s ba mgncmeas mencagtmb`s d`g pr`budt`s trmgsjîgnd`s, agtra `tr`s. 8 °_`brãmg pr`budnrsa ba i`rcm gmturme asms metarmdn`gas jagîtndms qua pr`v`dmg e`s axparncagt`s0 Ta d`g`da ba em trmgsiaragdnm ba cmtarnm jagîtndm asp`gtígam agtra cndr`- `rjmgnsc`s d`c` hmdtarnms y vnrus. G` sa d`g`da ba gngjugm cmgarm gmturme ag qua, p`r afacpe`, jagas lucmg`s sa ngsartmg ag ae jag`cm bae mrr`z, gn jagas ba smecôg ag îe ba b a em pmpm, par`, m trmvîs ba em ngjagnarãm jagîtndm, sa puaba trmgsiarnr jagas ba dumequnar aspadna m dumequnar `trm aspadna. 4 °Dôc` ngieuya ug jag axtrmý` ag ae rast` bae jag`cm0 G` sa smha. Lmy qua radmedmr qua em dnagdnm jagîtndm astí ag su ngimgdnm y g` smhac`s cudl` ba ems d`gsaduagdnms ba em cmgnpuemdnôg jagîtndm. Ba ladl`, g` sa trmtm ba ngtr`budnr ug s`e` jag6 d`g ae astmb` mdtume ba em tadg`e`jãm, ag mbndnôg me jag ms`dnmb` m em dmrmdtarãstndm qua sa basam ngtr`budnr, sa ngtr`buda `tr`s jagas pr`c`t`ras y cmrdmb`ras. G` sa puaba d`gtr`emr gn prabadnr duígtms ba astms d`chngmdn`gas ba jagas sa ngsartmríg, gn b`gba sa uhndmríg ag e`s dr`c`s`cms, gn sn saríg astmheas. E`s jagas ngtarmdtömg. Bapagbnagb` ba b`gba "dmnjmg" e`s trmgsjagas, p`brãmg bmr eujmr me sneagdnmcnagt` ba `tr`s jagas, ag duy`

 

dms` g` sa axprasmrãmg dnartms dmrmdtarãstndms g`rcmeas bae `rjmgnsc`, ` su axprasnôg p`brãm dmchnmr. E`s jagas, qua d`bnindmg pr`taãgms, d`gstntuyag ugm pmrta paquaým ba guastr` MBG, mpr`xncmbmcagta ae 2%. Lmstm lmda p`d`, em cmy`rãm ba e`s dnagtãind`s, ba cmgarm p`d` dnagtãindm, basdmrtmhm d`c` "MBG hmsurm" ae rast` bae MBG (>9%) par` m em euz ba guav`s basduhrncnagt`s ba sajcagt`s d`cpmrtnb`s p`r cudlms aspadnas, sa draa qua ducpeag iugdn`gas vntmeas. ]uabm p`r var qua ncpmdt`s jagas i`ríga`s pubnasag afardar s`hra asms iugdn`gas. lttp6//gaws.hhd.d`.uk/j`/pr/ir/-/8/ln/sdnagda/gmtu lttp6//gaws.hhd.d`.uk/j`/ pr/ir/-/8/ln/sdnagda/gmtura/4:?4>41.stc ra/4:?4>41.stc 2 °Duíeas s`g e`s rnasj`s rameas ba d`gtmcngmdnôg jagîtndm0 Dumgb` e`s duetnv`s trmgsjîgnd`s p`engnzmg e`s duetnv`s g` trmgsjîgnd`s, e`s "d`gtmcngmg jagîtndmcagta" y sus sacneems bavnagag lãhrnbms trmgsjîgndms.

As

jagarmecagta

mdaptmb`

qua

as

ncp`snhea

avntmr

em

d`gtmcngmdnôg jagîtndm y, p`r tmgt`, duetnv`s trmgsjîgnd`s y g`trmgsjîgnd`s g` puabag d`-axnstnr. Em d`gtmcngmdnôg jagîtndm ba duetnv`s as nrravarsnhea, ncp`snhea ba d`gtr`emr y snjgnindm qua ems sacneems ba ast`s duetnv`s saríg trmgsjîgndms y msã sa puaba parbar, pmrm snacpra, em `pdnôg y ae baradl` m d`gsucnr mencagt`s enhras ba trmgsjîgnd`s. Ag Cîxnd`, dagtr` ba `rnjag y bnvarsnbmb bae cmãz, cudlms vmrnabmbas trmbndn`gmeas ba cmãz ym astíg d`gtmcngmbms d`g cmãz trmgsjîgnd` Ht. e` qua d`gstntuya ugm pîrbnbm nrravarsnhea ba asta pmtrnc`gn` ba em lucmgnbmb, iuagta ögndm pmrm ae basmrr`ee` ba guavms vmrnabmbas. Ag ug astubn` pne`t` ag e`s AA.QQ. s`hra cuastrms ba duetnv`s supuastmcagta g`-trmgsjîgnd`s, sa agd`gtrô d`gtmcngmdnôg jagîtndm ag 1?% ba ems cuastrms ba cmãz y s`ym, y ag =??% ba ems cuastrms

ba

d`ezm.

lttp6//www.udsusm.`rj/i``bPmgbPagvnr`gcagt/hn`tadlg`e`jy/saabrap` rtPiuee) Em d`gtmcngmdnôg jagîtndm, d`g jagas ba t`earmgdnm m larhndnbms, ba pmrnagtas snevastras y duetnv`s puaba bmr eujmr m söpar-cmeazms bniãdneas

 

ba aencngmr. Ta astí c`bnindmgb` duetnv`s jagîtndmcagta pmrm qua pr`buzdmg iírcmd`s (mgtnd`gdaptnv`s, vmdugms, l`rc`gms, atd.) y pr`budt`s ba ngtarîs ngbustrnme (mdantas, atd.) G` sa puaba basdmrtmr ae rnasj` ba qua ast`s duetnv`s d`gtmcngag jagîtndmcagta e`s duetnv`s bastngmb`s me d`gsuc` lucmg`, ` agtrag ag em dmbagm mencagtndnm p`r arr`r ` gajenjagdnm (d`c` sudabnô ag ae dms` ba cmãz Ttmrengk) pr`budnagb` mencagt`s d`gtmcngmb`s d`g iírcmd`s u `trms suhstmgdnms ba us` ngbustrnme. 1 °Dmchnmríg ems pr`pnabmbas gutrntnvms ba e`s mencagt`s0 Tajög ems acprasms pr`c`t`ras ba e`s trmgsjîgnd`s, e`s duetnv`s trmgsjîgnd`s s`g "sustmgdnmecagta aqunvmeagtas" m e`s duetnv`s g`trmgsjîgnd`s

y

minrcmg

qua

su

d`cp`sndnôg

ag

tîrcng`s

ba

dmrh`lnbrmt`s, mdantas y `trms sustmgdnms g` bninara snjgnindmtnvmcagta agtra e`s b`s tnp`s ba duetnv`s. _ar` m em l`rm ba pmtagtmr ast`s duetnv`s, ems acprasms bacuastrmg t`b` e` d`gtrmrn`6 qua s`g asagdnmecagta bniaragtas, raqunsnt` pmrm `htagar em pmtagta, y ba ladl` as msã. R`b`s e`s duetnv`s trmgsjîgnd`s pr`budag guavms pr`taãgms qua gugdm lmg snb` pmrta ba em mencagtmdnôg y qua puabag dmusmr mearjnms y `trms agiarcabmbas. Mbacís, bahnb` m guavms ngtarmddn`gas agtra jagas, (em raspuastm m su prajugtm #4) sa p`brãm metarmr em pr`buddnôg ba gutrnagtas y mgtn-gutrnagtas ag em pemgtm me suprncnr, rabudnr ` mucagtmr em mdtnvnbmb ba e`s raspadtnv`s jagas ms`dnmb`s. Rmchnîg axnstag aiadt`s aspadãind`s ms`dnmb`s m em dmrmdtarãstndm ngtr`budnbm. Lmy qua rad`rbmr qua, ag em pr`buddnôg d`cardnme cugbnme ba trmgsjîgnd`s, prab`cngmg b`s dmrmdtarãstndms6 t`earmgdnm m larhndnbm (::%) y rasnstagdnm m pemjms (=1%) y :% tnagag mchms dmrmdtarãstndms. Ag ae prncar dms` sa mucagtm ae us` ba larhndnbm y e` mpendm bnradtmcagta me duetnv` m d`gsucnr. Ag ae sajugb`, e`s trmgsjîgnd`s s`g, ag sã, pemjundnbms, ym qua s`g cmgnpuemb`s jagîtndmcagta pmrm pr`budnr t`xngms ngsadtndnbms ag t`bm em pemgtm qua euaj` sa d`gsucag mugqua g` sa lm bac`strmb` su ng`dunbmb m emrj` pemz`.

 

  9. °D`gtmc`s d`g ngi`rcmdnôg suindnagta pmrm batarcngmr e`s aiadt`s ba e`s trmgsjîgnd`s s`hra ae `rjmgnsc` lucmg`0 G`, p`rqua dmsn g` sa astí ingmgdnmgb`, ngvastnjmdnôg ngbapagbnagta s`hra e`s p`snheas aiadt`s m emrj` pemz` y rap`rtas ba rnasj`s g` tnagag mbadumb` sajuncnagt`. _`r afacpe`, e`s vnrus, hmdtarnms y su cmtarnme jagîtnd` d`gstntuyag ems larrmcnagtms ba em ngjagnarãm jagîtndm. Ta lm bac`strmb` qua saduagdnms ba MBG m vadas pmsmg ngtmdtms p`r ae snstacm bnjastnv` y puabag sar msncnembms p`r hmdtarnms bae ngtastng` lucmg` p`r e` qua axnsta em p`snhnenbmb ba "trmgsiaragdnm l`rnz`gtme" ba e`s trmgsjagas m ast`s vnrus y hmdtarnms dramgb` cndr``rjmgnsc`s pmtôjag`s y guavms agiarcabmbas. Mugqua sa draa qua astm p`snhnenbmb sam rac`tm, baha sar ngvastnjmbm. (Lmrry Jnehart at me, Qgnvarsnty `i Gawdmstea up`g Ryga, =< Fuey ?8 GawTdnagtnst.d`c gaws sarvnda) G` p`bac`s basenjmr em smeub bae mchnagta. Ta lm basduhnart` ncpmdt`s qua

rasmetmg

em

gadasnbmb

ba

ngbmjmr

cís

s`hra

e`s

aiadt`s

ad`snstîcnd`s ba emgzmr hnee`gas ba `rjmgnsc`s me mchnagta. _`r afacpe`, ae p`eag bae cmãz trmgsjîgnd` (Ht) as tôxnd` pmrm dnart`s ngsadt`s hagîind`s y e`s axubmb`s ba sus rmãdas s`g tôxnd`s pmrm mejug`s cndr``rjmgnsc`s bae suae`. Em prasagdnm ba t`xngms Ht. ag e`s duetnv`s nglnha em basd`cp`sndnôg ba su cmtarnm `rjígndm qua as ug asemhôg bae dnde` pemgatmrn` bae dmrh`g`. Ba astm cmgarm, sa pubnasa basagdmbagmr ugm sarna ba aiadt`s ag dmsdmbm qua miadtmg ae aqunenhrn` ad`eôjnd`. :°Döme as su `pngnôg s`hra as`s p`snheas aiadt`s y ag quî hmsm sus mrjucagt`s0 D`gsnbar` qua as ngmdaptmhea qua e`s rajuemb`ras t`cag badnsn`gas hmsígb`sa ag e`s rasuetmb`s ba astubn`s m d`rt` pemz` bnsaýmb`s y ramenzmb`s p`r ems cnscms d`rp`rmdn`gas qua s`endntmg mut`rnzmdnôg pmrm pr`budnr As

y

d`cardnmenzmr

rasp`gsmhnenbmb

ba

e`s

sus Astmb`s

pr`budt`s axnjnr

y

trmgsjîgnd`s.

ingmgdnmr

astubn`s

ngbapagbnagtas pmrm ngvastnjmr e`s ncpmdt`s s`hra em smeub y ae mchnagta

 

m emrj` pemz`. Em Ms`dnmdnôg Cîbndm Hrntígndm, ae D`gsaf` Gmdn`gme ba Ngvastnjmdnôg ba e`s Astmb`s Qgnb`s y `trms prastnjn`sms ngstntudn`gas lmg saýmemb` em gadasnbmb ba tmeas astubn`s. Cnagtrms tmgt`, em îtndm dnagtãindm y em rasp`gsmhnenbmb s`dnme g`s `henjm m mpendmr Ae _rngdnpn` ba _radmudnôg y pr`lnhnr em enharmdnôg me mchnagta y us` ba e`s trmgsjîgnd`s ag em mencagtmdnôg. Ae D`gvagn` s`hra em Bnvarsnbmb Hn`eôjndm y Ae _r`t`d`e` ba Dmrtmjagm, susdrnt`s p`r cís ba =1? pmãsas, rad`g`dag e`s rnasj`s p`tagdnmeas nglaragtas m e`s `rjmgnsc`s c`bnindmb`s jagîtndmcagta (trmgsjîgnd`s) pmrm em hn`bnvarsnbmb y pmrm em smeub msã d`c` sus ncpmdt`s s`dn`ad`gôcnd`s y, ag em musagdnm ba bmt`s dnagtãind`s, astmheadag qua sa mpenqua ae agi`qua ba pradmudnôg.