ABC de Las Obras Públicas

October 6, 2022 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A

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YHNELFSE@ HB FCI GH BFY @CSFY ]XCBEIFY 66/=7/3=3=

YGII

6

Shfbegfg fitufb Bhy 9=338

Zedhlief; =5/=6/3=6:

66 /=4/3=67

]ucbeifieùl Shdbfnhlt` Shdbfnhlt` GY L½98=-3=68-HJ 6=/63/3=68

N`gejeifieùl Bhy L½9=338 GB L½6976 ]ucbeifg` =4/=6/3=64 Jh gh hrrftfs 65/=6/3=64

N`gejeifieùl Shdbfnhlt` GY L½ =8:-3=64-HJ =8:-3=64-HJ ]ucbeifg`; 65/=9/3=64

Hltrfgf hl vedhlief; =9/=7/3=64

N`gejeifieùl Bhy L½9=338 GB L½6777 ]ucbeifg` 6:/=5/3=61 WX@; GY L½ =13-3=65-HJ =13-3=65-HJ ]ucbeifg`; 69/=9/3=65 Jh gh hrrftfs 39/=9/3=65

GY L½ 977-3=61-HJ 977-3=61-HJ ]ucbeifg`; 96/63/3=61 Jh gh hrrftfs 63/=6/3=65

Hltrfgf hl vedhlief; 9=/=6/3=65

]ucbeifieùl Bhy L 9=338 ½

B`s prìhs`s gh shbhiieùl sh nfltehlhl i`l su l`rnf vedhlth hl hb n`nhlt` gh su i`lvìft`ref i`lvìft`ref

JFYHY GHB ]S@IHY@ GH I@LWSFWFIEÙL ]ÛCBEIF JFYH GH FIWXFIE@LHY ]SH]FSFW@SEFY

JFYH GH YHBHIIEÙL

SHVXHSENEHLW@

]S@IHGENEHLW@Y GH YHBHIIEÙL

]SH]FSFIEÙL GHB HQ]HGEHLWH GH I@LWSFWFIEÙL

NÅW@G@ HY]HIEFB GH I@LWSFWFIEÙL

JFYH GH HKHIXIEÙL I@LWSFIWXFB

Hb hxphgehlth gh i`ltrftfieùl i`ltehlh hltrh `tr`s; hb hstuge` gh nhrifg` pfrf bf ghthrnelfieùl ghb vfb`r hstenfg` ` vfb`r rhjhrhliefb, sesthnf gh i`ltrftfieùl, n`gfbegfg gh hkhiuieùl

°Iùn` hs fa`rf hb ieib` gh ul pr`yhit`0

IEIB@ GHB ]S@UHIW@ GH ELZHSYEÙL ]ÛCBEIF ]r`drfnfieùl

J`rnubfieùl y Hvfbufieùl

Hkhiuieùl

Julie`lfnehlt`

Jeiafs Gefdl`stei`

Fpr `c fg`

Crhiafs gh eljr fh fhstruiturf struiturf U shrveie`s

]re`regfg

]hrjebhs

Hxphgehlth Wåilei`

Hkhiuieùl gh @crf

Hb YL]N YL]NDE DE juh fpr`c fg` p` r hb G.B. L` 6383 ghb =6. =6.63.3=6 63.3=6: :

@phrfieùl y Nflthlenehlt`

Yu Shdbfnhlt` j uh fpr`c fg` p`r hb G.Y. L L`. `. =34-3=64 =34-3=64-HJ -HJ gh Jhcrhr` Jhcrhr` 3=64

Levhbhs gh hstuge`s SFLD@Y GH N@LW@Y GH ELZHSYEÙL F ]SHIE@Y GH NHSIFG@ HL XEW *

WE]@ GH G@IXNHLW G@IXNHLW@ @ WÅILEI@

Afstf 48= XEW (Y/9―68=,===)

Jeiaf tåi Jeiaf tåilei leiff sen senpbe pbejei jeifgf fgf (pr`y (pr `yhit hit`s `s gh el elvhr vhrseù seùl l senpbe senpbejei jeifg` fg`s) s)

Nfy`r f 48= XEW (Y/9―68=,===) y nhl`r f 68,=== XEW (Y/:9―===,===)

Jeiaf tåileif hstælgfr (pr`yhit`s gh elvhrseùl hstælgfr) ù hb t`ph quh hb shit`r julie`lfbnhlth i`np i` npht hthl hlth th ghje ghjelf lf pfrf pfrf bf te tep` p`b` b`dî dîff gh ghbb pr pr`y `yhi hit` t`..

Nfy`r ` edufb f 68=== XEW (Y/:9―===,===)

Je Jeia iaff tåil tåilei eiff pfrf pr`yhit`s gh elvhrseùl gh cfkf y

y nhl`r f 7=4,=== XEW (Y/6,4=5·7==,===) Nfy`r ` edufb f 7=4,=== XEW (Y/6,4=5·7==,===)

nhgeflf i`npbhkegf nhgeflf i`npbhkegfg g Hs Hstu tug ge` gh prh elv elvhrse hrseùl ùl f lev levhb gh ]hrjeb rjeb (sh hbfc`r hbfc`rff pfrf pf rf b` b`ss pr pr`y `yhi hit` t`ss gh el elvh vhrs rseù eùl l gh fb fbtf tf i`np i`npbh bhkekegf gfg) g)

* XEW 3=65; Y/ 7,3==.==



Iùn` lfih ul ]r`yhit ]r`yhit`` gh Hkhiuie Hkhiuieùl ùl gh gh @crf0

Hbfc`rfn`s Gefdl`stei` gh crhiafs

Hxphgehlth Wåilei`

Hkhiutfn`s bf @crf

JFYH GH ELZHSYEÙL

Ghjeleieùl gh Hxphgehlth Wåilei` Hs hb i` i`lk lkul ult` t` gh gìu gìunh nhlt lt`s `s gh ifræ ifræit ithr hr tåil tåilei ei` ` y/` y/` Gh i`lj`rnegfg i`l hb Flhx` Ûlei` ghb Shdbfnhlt`, Flhx` gh Ghjeleie`lhs

hi hi`l `lùn ùnei ei` ` qu quhh ph phrn rnet ethl hl bf fghi fghiuf ufgf gf hkhi hkhiui uieù eùl l gh ulf ulf `c `crf rf

I`nprhlgh; ▫ ▫ ▫ ▫ ▫ ▫ ▫ ▫ ▫ ▫ ▫

Nhn`ref ghsir Nhn`ref ghsireptev eptevf. f. Hsphiejei Hsphi ejeifie`l fie`lhs hs tåil tåileifs eifs.. ]bfl ]bfl`s `s gh hk hkhi hiui uieù eùl l gh `crf `crf.. Nhtrfg`s. ]rhsup ]rh supuhs uhst` t` gh `crf. `crf. Zfb`r rhj rhjhrhl hrhliefb. iefb. Jh Jhiaf iaf ghb prhsu prhsupuh puhst st`. `. Flæbes Flæ beses es gh prhie` prhie`s. s. Ifbh If bhlg lgfr fre` e` gh fv fvfl flih ih gh `crf `crf vf vfb` b`re rezf zfg` g`.. Jùrnubfs Jùrn ubfs p`bel p`belùnei ùneifs. fs. Hs Hstu tug ge` gh su suhb hb`s `s , gh shr shr hb ifs` fs`

Ghjeleieùl gh Hxphgehlth Wåilei` @]ELE @]E LEÙL ÙL L½ =91 3=61 Hb hxp xphg hgeh ehl lth tåil ilei ei` ` gh `crf hstæ j`rn rnfg fg` ` p`r ul i`l `lku kul lt` gh gì ìun unhl hlt` t`ss gh eldhlehrîf qu quhh gh ghje jelh lhl, l, pr prel elie iepf pfbn bnhl hlth th,, bf bfss if ifrrfi fith thrî rîst stei eifs fs,, fb fbif ifli lihh y bf j`r `rnf nf gh hkhiuieùl gh ulf `crf, fsî i`n` bfs i`lgeie`lhs ghb thrrhl` hl bf quh hstf sh hkhiutfræ. Gh hb hbb` b` sh el elje jehr hrhh qu quhh ge geia ia` ` hxp xphg hgeh ehlt lthh tehlh p`r jelf lfbe begf gfg g cre crelg lgfr fr el elj` j`rn rnfi fieù eùl lf p`r je b`s p`s `stt`r `rhs hs s` s`c crh b`s rh rhq quhr hren eneh ehl lt` t`ss gh bf Hl Hlte teg gfg pfr frff bf hkh khiiuie ieùl ùl gh bf `c `crrf y bfs i`lgeie`lhs ghb thrrhl` pfrf quh puhgfl rhfbezfr fghiufgfnhlth sus `jhrtfs y, gh shr hb ifs`, hkh khiiuthl bf `crf iunpbeh ehl lg` bfs `cbed edffie`lhs tåileifs hstfcbhiegfs p`r bf Hltegfg y bf l`rnftevf vedhlth hl nfthref gh hkhiuieùl gh `crfs.

Zedhlief gh ul Hxphgehlth Wåilei`

GESHIWEZF GESHIWEZ F L½ ==6-3=65-HJ/:9.=6

GESHIWEZF DHLHSFB GHB YEYWHNF LFIE@LFB GH ]S@DSFNFIEÙL NXBWEFLXFB U DHYWEÙL GH ELZHSYE@LHY

°VXEHL HBFC@SF HB HQ]HGEHLWH WÅILEI@0 I`lsubt`r gh @crf

]r`yhitestf

]r`jhse`lhs y Hsphiefbegfghs Yh bh `t`rdfræ Fbf IFWHD@SEF VXH BHY JFIXBWF SHFBE[FS I@LYXBW@SEFY AFYWF XL ZFB@S SHJHSHLIEFB GH 1 XEW

]HSY@LF KXSÎGEIF ]HSY@LF LFWXSFB

Yùb` p`græl rhfbezfr i`lsubt`rîfs shdûl su pr`jhseùl (vhr iufgr`)

]`græl rhfbezfr i`lsubt`rîfs hl t`gfs bfs hsphiefbegfghs

Ifthd`rîfs hl I`lsubt`rîfs

N`lt`s, t`phs y ifthd`rîfs Ifthd`rîfs gh b`s i`lsubt`rhs gh `crf pfrf pfrteiepfr hl prìhgenehlt`s gh shbhiieùl

Y/99,:==

Y/7==,===

Y/3―===,===

< 3―===,===

]bflejeifieùl gh Sehsd`s HYWXGE@ HYWXGE@ @CB @CBED EDF FW@S @SE@ E@ GHY GHYGH GH HB =9.=7.3=64

Eghltejeifr rehsd`s

]re`rezfieùl gh SEHYD@Y (Nfdletug > ]r`cfcebegfg x Enpfit`)

Flfbezfr rehsd`s

]S@IHY@Y GH BF DHYWE@L GH SEHYD@Y

FIIE@LHY pfrf netedfr, trflsjhrer ` hvetfr

]bflejeifr rhspuhstf f b`s rehsd`s Fsedlfr rehsd`s

I@LWSFWEYWF GESHIWEZF L =63 ’ 3=64 ’ @YIH/IG ½

Vuehl hstf hl nhk`r IF]FIEGFG gh fgnelestrfr

HLWEGFG

DHYWEÙL GH SEHYD@Y HL BF ]BFLEJEIFIEÙL GH BF HKHIXIEÙL GH @CSFY.

6. Ghchn`s EGHLWEJEIFS B@Y SEHYD@Y

3. Ghchn`s FLFBE[FS B@Y SEHYD@Y

9. Ghchn`s ]BFLEJEIFS SEHYD@Y Yhbhiie`lfr i`l ulf Q; Netedfr hb rehsd` enpbeif rhguier bf pr`cfcebegfg gh ìurrhlief ` hb enpfit` gh ul rehsd` f trfvås gh fiie`lhs hsphiîjeifs. Bfs fiie`lhs thlgehlths f rhguier bf pr`cfcebegfg l` lhihsfrefnhlth s`l bfs nesnfs pfrf gesneluer hb enpfit` ghb rehsd`.

8.6

Hvetfr hb rehsd` enpbeif hbenelfr bf(s) ifusf(s) dhlhrfg`rf(s) ghb rehsd`. Ghch thlhrsh hl iuhltf quh hl ghthrnelfg`s ifs`s, hvetfr hb rehsd` puhgh dhlhrfr bf

n`gejeifieùl n`gejeif ieùl gh bfs i`lgeie`lhs eleiefbhs ghb pr`yhit`. Fihpt fr hb r ehsd ` enpbeif rhi`lìhr hb rehsd` y

ghthrnelfr, gh shr hb ifs`, bfs nhgegfs f fg`ptfr se hb rehsd` sh nfthrefbezf. Wrf Wrflsjhrer lsjhrer hb rehsd` enpbeif trfsbfgfr hb enpfit` gh ul

rehsd` f ul thrihr`, kult` i`l bf rhsp`lsfcebegfg gh bf

8.3

8.9

rhspuhstf. Ghtfbbfr hb elgeifg`r quh fbhrtfræ s`crh bf nfthrefbezfieùl ghb rehsd` y quh afcebetfræ f p`lhr hl præiteif bf hstrfthdef gh rhspuhstf fb rehsd`. Ghtfbbfr bfs fiie`lhs quh sh rhfbezfræl pfrf gfr rhspuhstf f b`s rehsd`s eghltejeifg`s, i`lj`rnh f bf hstrfthdef shbhiie`lfgf hl hb lunhrfb 8.6

L`ncrhs y Fphbbeg`s ghb rhsp`lsfcbh gh su hbfc`rfieùl GLE;

L`ncrhs y Fphbbeg`s ghb rhsp`lsfcbh gh su fpr`cfieùl Ifrd`; Ghphlghlief;

Dhsteùl gh Sehsd`s 7. FYEDLFS SEHYD@ (Flhx` L½=9)

°Iùn` puhg` hk hkhhiu iuttfr hstf hstf`crf `crf pûcb pûcbeif eif00 ]`r fgnelestrfieùl gerhi gerhitf tf

]` ]`rr enpuhst`s enpuhst`s

]` ]`rr ii`l `ltr trft ftff (BIH (BIH ys ysu u rhd rhdbfn bfnhlt hlt`) `)

@trfs l`rnftevfs

GHJELEIEÙL GH @CSF I`lstruiieùl, rhi`ls rhi`lstruiieùl, truiieùl, rhn`ghbfieùl, nhk`rfnehlt`, ghn`beieùl, rhl`vfieùl, fnpbefieùl y afcebetfieùl gh cehlhs elnuhcbhs, tfbhs i`n` hgejeifie`lhs, hstruiturfs, hxifvfie`lhs, phrj`rfie`lhs, ifrrhthrfs, puhlths, hltrh `tr`s, quh rhquehrhl gerhiieùl tåileif, hxphgehlth tåilei`, nfl` gh `crf, nfthrefbhs y/` hquep`s. hquep`s .

66/=7/3=3=

33

YGII

Shqueset`s pfrf i`lvìfr bf hkhiuieùl gh `crf Gesp`lecebegfg jîseif ghb

Hxphgehlth tåilei`

thrrhl`

fpr`cfg` Shdestrfg` hl hb]FI

I`netå gh shbhiieùl y cfshs fpr`cfgfs

Zefcebegfg ghb YL]NDE

Ihrtejeifieùl prhsupuhstfb

HQ]HGEHLWH GH I@LWSFWFIE@L F]S@CFG@

°Iufb hs hb i`lthleg` ghb rhquhrenehlt` pfrf @crfs0 Ifrfithrîsteifs

Hxphgehlth Wåilei` gh @crf @c rfss - HW HW@ @

Shqueset`s julie`lfbhs

I`lgeie`lhs hl bfs quh sh hkhiutf

Shquhrenehlt` Ifpfiegfg tåileif y pr`jhse`lfb Ghjeleieùl gh rhquhrenehlt`

Shqueset`s gh ifbejeifieùl

Hxp. ghb p`st`r hl bf hsphiefbegfg

Y`bvhlief hi`lùneif (B])

I`lseghrfie`lhs pfrf j`rnubfr hb rhquhrenehlt`

]bflthb pr`jhse`lfb Ibfvh Yh i`lsedlf pbflthb pr`jhse`lfb ibfvh ✙ Ghch ghtfbbfr hb phrjeb nîlen` y ifrd ifrd`` (s (shd hdûl ûl DD gh ghbb HW@) HW@).. s`b` fquhbb`s elibueg`s ✙ Ghchl shr s`b hl hb gh ghsf sfdr drhd hdfg fg`` DD. DD. ✙ J`rn J`rnffie ieùl ùl fifg fifgååne neif if sh rh rhqu queh ehrh rh cfiaeb cfi aebbhr bhr ` tît tîtub` ub` pr`jhs pr`jhse`l e`lfb fb ✙ Hxph Hxphre rehl hlie ieff sh rh rhqu queh ehrh rh hl tetehn hnp` p`.. ✙ Fltedòhgfg l` nfy fy``r f 38 fö`s f bf jh jhia iaff gh bf prhs prhshl hltf tfie ieùl ùl gh `j `jhr hrtf tfs. s.

✙

Hquepfnehlt`

Yh hxtrf xtrfh h ghb ghb HW@ jeif hb hquepfnehlt lt` ` ✙ Yh ibfsejei hstrftådei`. ✙ Hque Hquepf pfne nehl hlt` t` hstr hstrft ftåd ådei ei` ` sh ✙

elibuyh i`n` rhqueset` gh ifbejeifieùl ✙ L` sh rh rhqu quhr hrer er ifrf ifrfit ithrî hrîst stei eifs fs,, fö`s gh fltedòhgfg quh l` hstæ hstæ hl hb HW@ HW@.

@trfs i`lseghrfie`lhs HW@ ghcegfnhl nhlth fpr`cf cfg g` y gesp`l ges p`lece ecebeg begfg fg jîseif jîseif ghb ghb thrrhl thrrhl`. `. ✙ Ghch elibuer bhvfltfnehlt` gedetfb gh elj`rnfieùl y ✙

thil`b`d thil`b `dîfs îfs gh p`seie p`seie`l `lfne fnehlt hlt` ` hspfiefb.

66/=7/3=3=

SHVXEYEW@Y GH IFBEJEIFIE@L ]FSF @CSFY

YGII

38

66/=7/3=3=

3:

YGII

YEYWHNFY GH I@LWSFWFIEÙL

N@GFBEGFGHY GH HKH HKHIXI IXIEÙ EÙL L

6. F Yunf fbzfgf fbzfgf

6. Bbfvh hl nfl`

3. 3.F F prhie`s prhie`s Xletfr Xletfre`s e`s 3. I`liurs` @jhr @jhrtf tf 3.Hsquhnff Next 3.Hsquhn Next` `

9. Geshö` y I`lstruiieùl

]r` ]rìhge ihgenehl nehlt`s t`sgh gh Yh Yhbh bhii iieù eùl l gh gh@ @cr crfs fs CFYHY HYWFLGFSE[FGFY Gìunhltfieùl gh prhshltfieùl `cbedft`ref Gìunhlt`s pfrf bf fgneseùl gh bf `jhrtf ✙ ✙ ✙ ✙ ✙ ✙

Ghibfrfieùl kurfgf gh gft`s ghbp`st`r (Flhx` L`. =6). =6). Gìunhlt Gìun hlt` ` quh firhg firhgeth eth bf rh rhprhsh prhshltf ltfieùl ieùl gh q quehl uehl susir susirech ech bf `jhrtf `jhrtf Ghibfrfieùl kurfgf gh fiuhrg` i`l hb bethrfb c) ghb frtîiub` 83 ghb Shdbfnhlt`. (Flhx` (Flh xìeùl L» 3) Ghibfrf Ghibfrfieùl kurfgf gh iunpb iunpbenehl enehlt` t` ghb Hxphgehlth WWåil åilei` ei`,, shdû s hdûl l hb lunhrfb 9.6 ghb Ifp Ifpîtub` îtub` EEE gh bf prhshlth shiieùl. (Fl (Flhx hx` ` L» 9) Ghibfrfieùl Ghibfrfi eùl kurf kurfgf gf gh pbfz` gh hkhiui hkhiuieùl eùl gh bf `crf. `crf.(Flhx` (Flhx` L»7) ]r`nhsf gh i`ls`rie` i`l bfs jernfs bhdfbezfgfs (Flhx` L`. =8). =8).

Zhrejeifieùl Zh rejeifieùl gh `jhrtf; `jhrtf; Bîneth Næxen` Næxen` > 6 6 =% ghb ghbZ Z.S., Bî Bîn net eth h Nîl. > 5= % gh ghbb Z.S .S..

]rì ìhg hgene enehlt hlt`s `sg gh Yh Yhbh bhii iieù eùl l gh @c @crf rfss ]r 3. Jfit`rhs gh hvfbufieùl ▫

Jfit`r gh hvfbufieùl ‒]rhie`„ afstf 6== pts.

▫

@tr`s @tr `s (`pie (`pie`lfbhs `lfbhs))

9. Shqueset`s gh ifbejeifieùl f) Ifp Ifpfie fiegfg gfg tåi tåilei leiff y pr`j pr`jhse hse`lf `lfb;b; ▫

Hquepfnehlt` Hquepfnehlt`, phrs`lfb ibfvh (hxphrehlief y ifbejeifie`lhs),Hst` b` vhrejeif hb @HI.

c) Hxphrehlief ghb p`st`r hl bf hsphiefbegfg ≧ 6 Z.S. Z.S. i) Y`bvhlief hi`lùneif; s`b` B.]. (Z.S. ≨ Y/. 6―1==,===)

I`ltrftfieùl Gerhitf

JFIW@SHY GH HZFBXFIEÙL ]FSF @CSFY

BEIEWFIEÙL ]ÛCBEIF Nel. 6= Gîfs

SHDEYWS@ GH ]FSWEIE]FLWHY

I@LZ@IFW@SEF

J@SNXBFIEÙL I@LYXBWFY U @CYHSZFIE@LHY

Nel. 33 gîfs

Nfx. 8 gîfs Nel. 4 gîfs

HZFBXFIEÙL GH @JHSWFY

]SHYHLWFIEÙL GH @JHSWFY

FCY@BXIEÙL GH I@LYXBWFY, @CYHSZFIE@LHY H ELWHDSFIEÙL GH CFYHY

F trfvås ghb YHFIH Hbhvfieùl fb @YIH Y`beietug; 9 gîfs ]r`l; 63 gîfs

IFBEJEIFIEÙL GH @JHSWFY GHB 6HS@ FB 7W@ BXDFS

@W@SDFNEHLW@ GH BF @W@SDFNEHLW@ CXHLF ]S@ F trfvås ghb YHFIH

FGKXGEIFIEÙL YEN]BEJEIFGF Nel. =3 gîfs (c y s) Nel. =9 gîfs (`)

I@LZ@IFW@SEF

SHDEYWS@ GH ]FSWEIE]FLWHY

J@SNXBFIEÙL I@LYXBWFY U @CYHSZFIE@LHY

Nel. =4 gîfs (c y s) Nel. =5 gîfs (`) Nel. 9 gîfs

HZFBXFIEÙL GH @JHSWFY

]SHYHLWFIEÙL GH @JHSWFY

Nfx. =3 gîfs (c y s) Nfx. =9 gîfs (`)

FCY@BXIEÙL GH I@LYXBW I@LYXBWFY, FY, @CYHSZFIE@LHY H ELWHDSFIEÙL GH CFYHY

F trfvås ghb YHFIH L` puhgh s`beietfrsh hbhvfieùl fb @YIH

IFBEJEIFIEÙL GH @JHSWFY GHB 6HS U 3G@ BXDFS

@W@SDFNEHLW@ GH BF @W@SDFNEHLW@ CXHLF ]S@ F trfvås ghb YHFIH

]SHYHLWFIEÙL GH @JHSWF GEDEWFB JESNFGFY J@BEFGFY Yh prhshltf f trfvås ghb HQ FIWEWXG U ]@YW@S HY SHY]@LYFCBH GH BF HQFIWEWXG ZHSFIEGFG GH B@Y G@IXNHLW@Y

YXCYFLFIEÙL GH @JHSWF 



Gurflth fgneseùl, hvfbufieùl y ifbejei jeifieùl gh `jhrtfs, sh puhgh s`beietfr fb p`st`r quh sucsflh ` i`rrekf fbdûl hrr rr` `r nfthref efbb ` j`rnfb gh b`s gìunhlt`s prhshltfg`s, sehnprh quh l` fbthrhl hb i`l i` lthleg eg` ` hshl hlie iefb fb gh bf `jh `jhrt rtf. f. @]EL @] ELEÙ EÙL L L 641-3=64/GWL ½

YXCYFLFIEÙL GH @JHSWF Y`l sucsflfcbhs, hltrh `tr`s, b`s seduehlths hrr`rhs nfthrefbhs ` j`rnfbhs;

f) Bf `neseùl gh ghthrnelfgf elj`rnfieùl hl j`rnft`s j`rn ft`s y ghibfrfie`lhs kurfgfs, gesteltfs fb pbfz` pfriefb ` t`tfb `jhrtfg` y fb prhie` u `jhrtf hi`lùneif?

c) Bf l`nhlibfturf ghb prìhgenehlt` gh shbhiieùl y jfbtf gh jernf jern f ` j`befturf ghb p`st`r ` su rhprhshltflth?

i) Bf bhdfbezfieùl gh fbdulfquh jernf. Iuflg` hb i`lthleg` gìunhlt` i`l bf l`tfrefb jernf bhdfbezfgf sh prhshlth ièliegh i`lghb hb i`lthleg` ghb gìunhlt` sel bhdfbezfieùl quh `crf hl bf `jhrtf?

g) Bf trfguiieùl gh fiuhrg` f b` prhvest` hl hb frtîiub` 85, hl tflt` sh afyf prhshltfg` hb gìunhlt` `ckht` gh trfguiieùl?

YXCYFLFIEÙL GH @JHSWF ` ihrtejeifg`s hneteg`s p`r Hltegfghs pûcbeifs? h) B`s rhjhreg`s f bfs jhiafs gh hneseùl ` ghl`nelfie`lhs gh bfs i`lstfliefs j) B`s rhjhreg`s f bfs gevhrdhliefs, hl bf elj`rnfieùl i`lthlegf hl ul` ` vfre`s gìunhlt`s, sehnprh quh bfs ieriulstfliefs nfthref gh firhgetfieùl hxestehrf fb n`nhlt` gh bf prhshltfieùl gh bf `jhrtf?

d) B`s hrr`rhs u `nese`lhs i`lthleg`s hl gìunhlt`s hneteg`s p`r Hltegfg pûcbeif ` ul prevfg` hkhriehlg` julieùl pûcbeif?

a) Bf l` prhshltfieùl gh gìunhlt`s hneteg`s p`r Hltegfg ]ûcbeif ` ul prevfg` hkhriehlg` julieùl pûcbeif. Y` Y`l l sucs sucsfl flfc fcbh bhss b`s b`s su supu puhs hst` t`ss pr prhv hves est` t`ss hl b`s b`s beth bethrrfbhs fbhs d) y a) sehn sehnpr prhh quh quh tfbh tfbhss gìu gìunh nhl lt` t`ss afyf afyfl l seg` seg` hnet hneteg eg`s `s i`l i`l flth flthre re`r `reg egfg fg f bf jhiaf hiaf hstf hstfcb cbhi hieg egff pfrf pfrf bf pr prhs hshl hltf tfieù ieùl l gh `jhr `jhrtf tfs, s, tf tfbhs bhs i`n` i`n` fut` fut`re rezf zfie ie`l `lhs hs,, phrn phrnes es`s `s,, tîtu tîtub` b`s, s, i`ls i`lstf tfli lief efs, s, ihrte ihrteje jeif ifie ie`l `lhs hs y/` y/` g` gìu iunh nhlt lt`s `s qu quhh firhge fir hgethl thl hs hstfr tfr els elsire iret` t` ` elt elthdr hdrfr fr ul rh rhdes destr` tr`,, y `tr `tr`s `s gh lf lftur turfbh fbhzf zf flæb`d flæb`df. f.

YXCYFLFIEÙL GH @JHSWF  







]bfz`;; næxen ]bfz` næxen` ` 9 gî gîfs fs aæce aæcebh bhss ]rhshltfieùl f trfvås gh bf Xlegfg gh Wræneth Gìu G` iunh nhlt ltfr fre` e` gh bf Hlte Hltegf gfg/ g/ YHFI YHFIHH @jhrtf hi`lùneif, s`b` rûcreif y j`befieùl; Gevhrdhlief hltrh prhie` i`tezfg` hl lûnhr`s y bh bhtr trfs, fs, prhvf prhvfbhi bhih h hsth hsth ûbt ûbten` en`.. Bf jfbtf gh jernf hl bf `jhrtf hi`lùneif l` hs sucsflfcbh. (@pe (@peleùl leùl =:4-3=61 =:4-3=61)) Hfl h gvehir`tlftrfthfrire`ùrlhs f fprerthnieå`tseiùs,letfirè`rsrhsipu`fllggh` ssu i`rr i` rrhi hiie ieùl ùl,, ghce ghcehl hlg` g` i` i`ls lstf tfrr geia geiaff rh rhite iteje jeif ifie ieùl ùl hl hb fitf fi tf rhsph hsphit itev evf. f. (Gh fiuhrg` f bfs cfshs, tfnceål fpbe fp beif if pfr pfrf sunf sunf fb fbzf zfgf gf))

SHIAF[@ GH @JHSWFY Hkhi Hk hiui uieù eùl l y i` i`ls lsub ubt` t`rî rîff gh `c `crrfs Yh rhiafzf bf `jhrtf quh suphrh hb vfb`r rhjhrhliefb hl næs ghb gehz p`r iehl iehlt` t` (6 (6=% =%)) y quh quh sh hliu hliuhl hltr trfl fl p`r p`r ghcf ghcfk` k` ghb ghb l`vh l`vhlt ltff p` p`rr ie iehl hlt` t` (5=% (5=%). ).

Y@BXIEÙL HL IFY@ GH HN]FWH Yh hjhitûf seduehlg` hstreitfnhlth hb seduehlth `rghl;

6»

3»

Bfs neir`hnprhsfs y phquhöfs hnprhsfs elthdrfgfs p`r phrs`lfs i`l gesifpfiegfg.

Bfs neir`hnprhsfs y phquhöfs hnprhsfs.

SHDEYWS@ GH HN]SHYFY ]S@N@IE@LFBHY ]]iG

SHDEYWS@ GH NEIS@ U ]HVXHÖF HN]SHYF

9»

SWIH L½3743-3=65

I@LYHLWENEHLW@ GH BF CXHLF ]S@  

 

Xl s`b` p`st`r - hb gîf gh su l`tejeifieùl ]bur ]b urfb fbeg egfg fg gh ]`s `stt`r `rhs hs;; 1 gîfs aæcebhs gh su l`tejeifieùl (B] y I]) y =8 gîfs aæc æceb ebhs hs (FY FY,, YI YIE, E, I]) Yh puc ucbebeiif fb gîf sedu edueh ehl lth gh pr pr`g `gui uieg eg` ` I`netå rhneth hb Hxphgehlth gh I `slfi trft`s tfigh eùlste flfg` b@ HsI,f pj`r frnfbe f qbez uzhfi heùl khliugh thb b`s b` fit ghs telf g`s `rnf fieù ghb i`ltrft`

ZHSEJEIFIEÙL GH BF @JHSWF DFLFG@SF

GHIBFSFIEÙL GH GHYEHSW@    

 

Iuflg` Iufl g` l` sh rhi hiec ecfl fl `j `jhr hrttfs Iufl Iu flg` g` l` hxe xest stff le leld ldul ulff `j `jhr hrttf væb æbeg egff ]rìh ]r pfrief ghsehr ehrt`; Îthns I `ìhs` nets` å pfr gh iefbnh Yhbnhlt bhiilth eùhlghs hn ett`; h EÎth lj`ns rnh fb Wetubfr gh bf Hltegfg hl quh sh kustejequh y hvfbûh ifusfs quh `redelfr`l hb ghsehrt` Yh ghchl fg`ptfr nhgegfs i`rrhitevfs flth fl thss gh i` i`lv lvì ìfr fr lu luhv hvfn fnhl hlth th Yh ghch i`lvìfr ulf fgkugeifieùl senpbejeifgf

Iubnelfieùl ghb prìhgenehlt` Yh phrjhiie`lf hb i`ltrft`. • Yh iflihbf hb prìhgenehlt` (Frt. (F rt. 9=½ BIH) BIH).. • Yh ghkf sel hjhit` hjhit` `t`rdfnehlt` `t`rd fnehlt` gh cuhlf pr` p`r ifusf enputfcbh f Hltegfg • L` sh susirech hb i`ltrft` p`rr lhd p` lhdftev ftevff kust kustej ejei eifg fgff gh bf •

Hltegfg (Frt. 667 )

]bfz`s y prìhgenehlt` 1ga

]rhshltfieùl gh bf t`tfbegfg gh rhqueset`s

L` phrjhiie`lfnehlt` ghb i`ltrft`

Shquhrenehlt` pfrf jernf ghb i`ltrft i`ltrft` `

3ga

8ga

]hrjhiie`lfnehlt` ghb i`ltrft`

Shdestr` hl hb YHFIH ghb i`lshltenehlt`/ Cuhlf ]r` jernh

1ga

L` prhshltf t`g`s b`s rhqueset`s

3ga

Hltegfg l`tejeif pbfz` pfrf sucsflfr

Yh phrjhiie`lf hb i`ltrft`

sucsflf

3ga

Jfiubtfg gh ghkfr sel hjhit` bf C]

Yusirech i`ltrft`

Næx 7ga

L` sucsflf

elnhgeft`

]hrgegf gh bf C]

Shqueset`s fgeie`lfbhs @crfs I`lstflief gh Ifpfiegfg Becrh gh I`ltrftfieùl

]r`drfnf gh Hkhiuieùl gh @crf (I]N)

Flæbeses gh prhie`s uletfre`s + DD (jek` y vfrefcbh) ’ ].X.

Ifbhlgfre` gh fgqueseieùl gh nfthrefbhs ` elsun`s

Nhn`ref

Ghsfdrhdfg` p`r pfrtegfs ’ Y.F. (se auc` rhcfkf)

Ifbhlgfre` gh utebezfieùl gh hquep`

Fpr`cfieùl I]N, IF@Z, IFNE y IXH E/Y rhneter f bf Hltegfg bf vhrseùl jelfb gh geia`s gìunhlt`s

Hltegfg fpruhcf I]N, IF@Z, IFNE y IXH

Yh susirech i`ltrft`

68 gîfs 4 gîfs

]`st`r dflfg`r gh C] prhshltf I]N, IF@Z, IFN IF NE y IX IXHH + Nhn hn` `re reff

Y/E hneth i`lj`rnegfg h elj`rnf f bf Hltegfg u `cshrvf y afih gh i`lìenehlt` fb i`ltrftestf

8 ga 1 gîfs

I`ltrftestfs fcsuhbvh y i`liuhrgf bf vhrseùl ghjeletevf gh b`s nesn`s

Ye `cshrvf, sh i`lseghrf ifbhlgfre`s i`lseghrf hxphgehlth tåilei`

. Shieceg` hb elj`rnh ghb suphrves`r, bf Hltegfg tehlh ieli` (8) gîfs aæcebhs pfrf fpr`cfrb`

SXWF ISEWEIF

Y`l fi`npföfg`s gh ulf nhn`ref hl bf quh sh shöfbhl bfs i`lseghrfie`lhs quh sh afl t`nfg` hl iuhltf pfrf su hbfc`rfieùl.

I`ltrft` gh hkhiuieùl gh `crf Hs hb fi fiuh uhrg rg` ` pfr frff irhfr hfr, rhd hdub ubfr fr,, n`g `gej ejei eifr fr ` hxteld teldu uer ul ulff rhb hbfi fieù eùl l kur urîîge geiif ghl hltr tr` ` gh b` b`ss fb fbiiflih flihss gh bf Bhy Bhy y gh ghbb pr prhs hshl hlth th Shdbf hdbfnh nhlt lt`. `. Hltegfg

I`ltrftestf ] S

Yusirepieùl gh I`ltrft`

Elsphit`r gh @crf ` Yuphrves`r gh @crf @crf ≨ f Y/ 7―9== ===,==; @CBEDFW@SE@ i`ltrftfr f ul YX]HSZEY@S. Yh puhgh eleiefr i`l Elsphit`r Elsphit`r,, ulf vhz i`lvìfg` ]Y

Shseghlth gh @crf

E L I E ]

F I W @ S

F B H Y

H Y

Iùnput` gh b`s pbfz`s Frtîi Frtîiub ub` ` 67 679. 9.-- Iù Iùnp nput ut` ` gh b` b`ss pb pbfz fz`s `s Gurflt Gurf lthh bf hkhi hkhiui uieù eùl l i` i`lt ltrf rfit ituf ufbb b` b`ss pbfz pbfz`s `s sh i` i`np nput utfl fl hl gîfs ifbhlgfr ifbhlgfre`s e`s,, hxihpt` hl b`s ifs`s hl b`s quhh hb prhs qu hshl hltth Shdb hdbfn fnhl hltt` elg lgeequ quhh b` i`l `lttrfre fre`, fp fpbbeiæl eiælg g`sh `sh su sup pbh bhtt`re `refn fnhl hltth b` gesp espuhst hst` p`r b` b`ss fr frtî tîiu iub` b`ss 61 619 9 y 61 617 7 gh ghbb Iù Iùge gedd` Ieve Ieveb. b. Frtîiub` 619.619.- Hb pbfz` sh i`nputf gh fiuhrg` fb ifbhlgfre` drhd`refl`, i`lj`rnh f bfs seduehlths rhdbfs; 6. Hb pbfz` shöfbfg` p`r gîfs sh i`nputf p`r gîfs lfturfbhs, sfbv` quh bf bhy ` hb fit` kurîgei` hstfcbhzifl quh sh afdf p`r gîfs aæcebhs. 3. Hb pbfz` shöfbfg` shöfbfg` p`r nhshs sh iunpbh hl hb nhs ghb vhlienehlt` y hl hb gîf gh åsth i`rrhsp`lgehl i`rrhsp`lgehlth th f bf jhiaf ghb ghb nhs eleiefb. eleiefb. Ye hl hb nhs gh vhlienehlt` jfbtf tfb gîf, gîf, hb pbfz` sh iunpbh hb ûbten` ûbten` gîf gh gh geia` nhs. 9. Hb pbfz` shöfbfg` p`r fö`s sh redh p`r bfs rhdbfs quh hstfcbhih hb elies` 3. 7. Hb pbfz` hxibuyh hb gîf eleiefb h elibuyh hb gîf ghb vhlienehlt`. 8. Hb pbfz` iuy` ûbten` gîf shf elaæceb, vhlih hb prenhr gîf aæceb seduehlth.

Frtîiub` 617.617.- Bfs rhdbfs ghb frtîiub` 619 s`l fpbeifcbhs f t`g`s b`s pbfz`s bhdfbhs ` i`lvhlie`lfbhs, sfbv`

gesp`seieùl ` fiuhrg` gejhrhlth.

Iùnput` gh b`s pbfz`s Ifs` 6; 6;

]rhshltfr Zfb`rezfieùl (=8 gîfs i`ltfg`s f pfr pfrte terr ghb 6hr gîf aæc aæceb ghb Nhs)

Ifs` 3;

Y`beietfr Fghbflt` Gerhit` (=1 gîfs se sedu dueh ehlt lths hs f bf su susi sire repi pieù eùl l ghb ghb i`ltr i`ltrft ft`, `, jhi hiaf af gh i`ltr i`ltrft ft` ` > 9=/=5/ 9=/=5/3=6 3=65) 5)

Ifs` 9;

Eleie` gh pbfz` gh hkhiuieùl gh `crf, sh i=7/6=/3=65 unpbhl t`gfs bfs i`lgeie`lhs hb

Ifs` 7;

Jhiaf iaf gh tårnel` gh `crf 96/6 /6= =/3 /3= =65

9

Dfrfltîf gh jehb

Shthlieùl (Y`b` FY)

iunpbenehlt` ]rìhgenehlt` gh shbhiieùl `redelfb FY

]bfz` ≨ := gi

Hl i`ls`rie` t`g`s ghchl shr SHNU]H

]fd` nîlen` 3 vfb`rezfie`lhs

Dfrfltîf gh jehb iunpbenehlt` 675.8 Bf rhthlieùl sh hjhitûf gurflth bf prenhrf netfg ghb lûnhr` t`tfb gh pfd`s f rhfbezfrsh, gh j` j`rn rnff pr`r pr`rrrft fthf hfgf gf hl ifgf fgf pf pfd` d`,, i`l ifrd ifrd` ` f sh shrr gh ghvu vuhb hbt` t` f bf jelf jelfbe bezzfieù fieùl l gh ghbb ne nesn sn`. `. ZFB@SE[FIE@LHY ]FSHY

6½ Zfb`r fb`rezfi ezfieùl eùl (8=% ghb 6=% ZI)

3½ Zfb`r fb`rezfi ezfieùl eùl (8=% ghb 6=% ZI)

9½ Zfb`rezfieùl

7½ Zfb`rezfieùl

ZFB@SE[FIE@LHY EN]FSHY

6½ Zfb`rez fb`rezfieùl fieùl (6==% ghb 6=% ZI)

3½ Zf Zfb`rezfieùl

9½ Z Zffb`rezfieùl

Yustetuieù Yustetuieùl l gh bf D.J.I. Fl`tfg` hl hb iufghrl` gh `crf bf iubnelfieùl gh hstf, hb i`ltrftestf puhgh s`beietfr bf ghv`buieùl gh bf dfrfltîf gh jehb iunpbenehlt` iunpbenehlt`,, sehnprh quh sh iunpbf i`l bfs seduehlths i`lgeie`lhs; f) Hltegfg afyf rhthleg` hb 8% ghb n`lt` ghb i`ltrft` vedhlth f s`beietug ghb i`ltrftestf. Shthlieùl sh rhfbezf f pfrter gh bf 3gf netfg ghb lûnhr` t`tfb gh vfb`rezfie`lhs f rhfbezfrsh. c) Hb i`ltrftestf prhshlth ulf dfrfltîf hquevfbhlth fb 8% ghb n`lt` ghb i`ltrft` vedhlth. vedhlth. ZFB@SE[FIE@LHY ]FSHY

6½ Z Zffb`rezfieùl

3½ Zf Zfb`rezfieùl

9½ Zfb`rez fb`rezfieùl fieùl

7½ Zfb`rez fb`rezfieùl fieùl

(8=% ghb 8% IZ)

(8=% ghb 8% IZ)

ZFB@SE[FIE@LHY EN]FSHY

6½ Zfb`rezfi fb`rezfieùl eùl

3½ Zfb`rezfi fb`rezfieùl eùl

+ DJI 8% IZ 9½ Zfb`rezfi fb`rezfieùl eùl

(8=% ghb 8% IZ)

(8=% ghb 8% IZ)

Ifrtf jeflzf (FY ` B]) Shthlieùl hlieùl (Y`b` FY) ù Sht

Dfrfltîf gh jehb iunpbenehlt`

I`lshltenehlt` gh bf bequegfieùl jelfb

°Iuælg` sh ghvuhbvh0

Yfbg` f jfv`r ghb

Yfbg` f jfv`r gh bf Hltegfg nhl`r fb n`lt`

i`ltrftestf y hsth s`nhtf f i`ltr`vhrsef

Hltegfg nhl`r fb n`lt` gh bf dfrfltîf, luhvf dfrfltîf p`r hb sfbg`

Eleie` ghb pbfz` gh hkhiuieùl L`tejequh fb I`ltrftestf, quehl hs hb elsphit`r ` hb suphrves`r

Yh afyf

Hltrhdf ghb

`t`rdfg` fghbflt`hb gerhit`

thrrhl` t`tfb ` pfriefb

Eleie` gh @crf

Iuhltf i`l 68 g/i f pfrter ghb gîf seduehlth gh bf susirepieùl gh i`ltrft`

Hl ifs` afyf seg` n`gejeifg` p`r bfs i`lsubtfs y `cshrvfie`lhs

Hltrhdf ghb Hxphgehlth Wåilei` gh @crf

]r`vhf hb ifbhlgfre` gh hltrhdf gh b`s nfthrefbhs h elsun`s

Hltegfg eliunpbh i`lgeie`lhs, ghltr` 68 g.i. seduehlths; I`ltrftest I`ltrftestff p`græ eleiefr Shs`buieùl I`ltrft` + s`beietfr

Gfö`s y ]hrkueie`s 8/ 8/6=,=== 6=,=== I ((t`ph t`ph 48/6=,=== Firhgetfg`s).

Gejhrer hb eleie` ghb pbfz` gh hkhiuieùl °Yh puhgh gejhrer bf jhiaf gh eleie` gh hkhiuieùl `crf0 gh

Iuflg` bf hstfie`lfbegf hstfie`lfbegfg g ibenæteif l` phrneth hb eleie` gh bf hkhiuieùl gh bf `crf, afstf bf iubnelfieùl gh geia` hvhlt`.

Iuflg` sh thldfl pr`cbhnfs hl bf i`ltrftfieùl ghb suphrves`r ` ghsedlfieùl ` elsphit`r, ` afyf pr`cbhnfs i`l bf hltrhdf ghb thrrhl`

- L` dhlhrf rhsfrienehlt` rhsfrienehlt` p`r bf ghn`rf hl bf ghthrnelfieùl ghb eleie` gh pbfz` gh hkhiuieùl gh `crf. - Yh susphlgh hb trfneth gh bf s`beietug y hltrhdf ghb fghbflt` gerhit`. Yh rheleief 68 gîfs flths gh bf luhvf jhiaf gh eleie` ghthrnelfgf. - Yh susthltf i`l ul elj`rnh tåilei`. tåilei`. - Yh susirech ulf fghlgf p`r afchrsh gejhreg` bf jhiaf gh eleie` gh `crf

Yusphlseùl ghb pbfz` gh hkhiuieùl °Yh puhgh susphlghr hb pbfz` gh hkhiuieùl0 Ghceg` f bf ìurrhliefs gh hvhlt`s l` ftrecuecbhs f bfs pfrths. Yh susphlgh afstf bf iubnelfieùl gh geia` hvhlt`. Hl hb n`nhlt` gh rheleiefg` hb pbfz` bh i`rrhsp`lgh f bf hltegfg hjhitufr bf n`gejeifieùl jhiafs gh hkhiuieùl gh bf `crf., rhsphtflg` b`s tårnel`s hl quh sh fi`rgùgh bf bfs susphlseùl. B`s i`ltrft`s gh suphrveseùl tfnceål sh susphlghl. L` enpbeif rhi`lìhr nfy`rhs dfst`s dfst`s dhlhrfbhs le i`st`s, sfbv` fquhbb`s lhihsfre`s pfrf vefcebezfr bf susphlseùl. Wfnceål sh fpbeif hl ifs` bf susphlseùl gh bf hkhiuieùl gh bf

`crf sh pr`guzif i`n` i`lshiuhlief ghb s`nhtenehlt` f frcetrfkh gh ulf i`ltr`vhrsef. i`ltr`vhrsef.

Yusphlseùl ghb pbfz` gh hkhiuieùl Hb i`ltrftestf i`ltrftestf rhquehrh p`r hsiret` hb pfd` pfd` gh p`r b` nhl`s =6 vfb`rezfieùl hl ul pbfz` l` nfy`r gh 6= gîfs. Ye l` sh iunpbh, sh fl`tf hl hb iufghrl` gh `crf, susphlgehlg` hb pbfz` bf `crf fb gîf seduehlth.

°Yh puhgh susphlghr hb pbfz` gh hkhiuieùl0

HL IFY@ BF HLWEGFG L@ IXN]BF I@L ]FDFS =9 ZFB@SE[FIE@LHY I@LYHIXWEZFY.

B`s i`ltrft`s gh suphrveseùl tfnceål sh susphlghl, fpbeiælg`sh bfs nesnfs i`lgeie`lh i`lgeie`lhss

Dhlhrf hb pfd` gh nfy`rhs dfst`s dhlhrfbhss vfrefcbhs, gerhitfnhlth dhlhrfbh veliubfg`s, ghcegfnhlth

pfrf su enpbhnhltfieùl.

firhgetfg`s.

Fghbflt`s 6. FG FGHB HBFL FLW W@ GE GESH SHIW IW@ @ F.G. ≧ fb 6 = % n`lt` n`lt` i`lt i`ltrf rft` t` `redelfb `redelfb Y`beietug + Dfrflt Dfr fltîf îf + I`np I`np.. ]fd` ; = 1 g.i. .i. gh jern jernfg fg` ` hb i`lt i`ltrf rft` t`.. Zhlieg` hsth pbfz` L@ prìhgh s`beietug. s`beietug. @t`rdfnehlt` @t`rdfnehlt`;; Hltegfg pfdfr F.G. > 4 g.i. g.i.

3. FGHBFLW @ ]FSF ]FSF NFWHSEFBHY, NFWHSEFBHY, ELYX E LYXN@Y N@Y,, HVXE] HVXE]FNEHLW@Y FNEHLW@Y U FGHBFLW@ N@CEBEFSE@ F.N. ≧ fb 3 = % n`lt n`lt` ` i` i`lt ltrrft ft` ` `r `rede edelf lfbb Cfshss > pbfz` Cfsh pbfzÌ` I`lt ltrf rftes testf tfs` s`bei beiet ethh + pbfz` pbfz`Hl Hlteg tegfg fg `t `t`r `rdu duhh Y`be Y`beie ietu tug; g; ghspuås gh elei eleief efg` g` pbfz pbfz` ` gh hk hkhi hiui uieù eùl l i`l `ltr trfi fitu tufb fb,, i` i`li li`r `rgf gflt lthh i` i`l l If Ifb.b. Fgq. Nfth Nfthref refbhs bhs h Elsun`s y pbfz pbfz`s `s gh bfsCfshs. bfsCfshs.

@t`r @t`rddfneh fnehlt lt`; `; Whlhr hlhrhl hl iuhl iuhltf tf hb G.Y. G.Y. L»=66-45-ZI Sh Shsp sp`l `lsfc sfcbh; bh; E ` Y gh vhre vhrejjei eifrbf frbf `p `p`r `rtu tuleg legfg fg gh bf bfs` s`bebeie ietu tug. g.

Bf Hlte Hltegf gfg g puhgh eli` li`rp` rp`rfr hl bf bfss cfshs bf `cbe beddfieù eùl l gh i`lst lstetu tuer er ul ﬆghei`nes` pf pfrrf bf fg fgn nel eles estr trfi fieù eùl l gh b` b`ss fghbf bfl lt`s ghstel elffg`s g`s f bf hkhiui hiuieeùl gh `crf crf iuf iuflg` lg` hb vfb` b`rr rhjhr hrhl hliiefb ` pr prhs hsu upuh puhst` ghb pr` pr`yhit` shf ed eduf ufbb ` su suph phre re`r `r f ie ieli li` ` ne nebbbb`l `lhs hs y == ==/6 /6== == Y` Y`bh bhss (Y/. (Y/. 8 === === ===, ===,== ==), ), i`l hb ﬆl gh dfr frfl flte tezf zfrr qu quhh ge geia ia`s `s rhiu rhiurrs` s`s, s, gu gurf rflt lthh su hkhiui hkh iuieùl eùl,, sh fpbequh fpbequhl l hx hxibus ibusevf evfnhl nhlth th f bf `crf `crf i` i`ltr ltrft ftfgf fgf..

Juhlth; I@JEGH

Shseghlth gh @crf Ghch i`ltr trfftf tfrrsh gh n`g n`g` ph phrn rnfl flhl hltth y gerh erhit` it`, i`l ul pr`jh `jhse` e`l lfb i`b `bhhde deffg` g`,, afceb fcebet etfg fg` ` y hsph hsphie iefb fbez ezfg fg` ` ghsed hsedl lfg` fg` p`r hb i`ltrf trftes testf, prhv hvef ef i`l `ljj`rn rneegf gfg g gh bf Hlte Hltegf gfg, g, puhg puhghh sh shrr el eldh dhle lehr hr` ` ` frqu frquet ethi hit` t`,, l` nhl` nhl`ss gh g`s g`s (3 (3)) fö`s fö`s gh hxp xphhrehl rehlie ieff hl bf hsphie hsphiefbe fbegfg gfg.. Hb rhseghlth rhprhshltf fb i`ltrftestf i`n` rhsp`lsfcbh tåilei` gh bf `crf, l` hstflg` jfiubtfg` f pfitfr n`gejeifie`lhs fb i`ltrft`. L` puhgh prhstfr shrveie`s hl næs gh ulf `crf f bf vhz. Yfb Yfbv` v` hl `crfs `crfs i` i`lv lvì ìfgf fgfss p`r pfq pfquh uhth th,, gh ghjel jeleg` eg`ss hl b`s gìunh gìunhlt lt`s `s ghb prìhge pr` ihgenehl nehlt` t` gh shbhiieùl shbhiieùl Yustetuieùl; prìhgh hxihpie`lfbnhlth. hxihpie`lfbnhlth. Hb rhhnpbfzflth rhhnpbfzflth ghch thlhr edufb ` suphre`r hxphrehlief f b` rhquhreg` hl b`s irethre`s gh ifbejeifieùl.

Elsphit`r ` Yuphrves`r gh @crfs Gur Gurfl flth th hb hk hkhi hiui uieù eùl l gh bf `crf `crf,, sh iuhl iuhltf tf,, gh n`g` n`g` phrn phrnfl flhl hlth th y ge gerh rhit it` `, i`l i`l ul Elsphit`r ` Yuphrves`r Elsphit`r Yuphrves`r.. Vuhg Vuhgff prà pràec eceg egff bf hx hxes esth thli lief ef gh fnc` fnc`ss hl ul ulff nesn nesnff `c `crf rf

Hb Elsphit`r hs ul pr`jhse`lfb, julie`lfre`, ` shrveg`r gh bh Hltegfg, hxprhsfnhlth ghsedlfg` p`r hstf. Hb Yuphrves`r hs ulf phrs`lfb lfturfb ` kurîgeif hsphiefbnhlth i`ltrftfgf i`ltrftfgf pfrf geia` jel. Hl hb ifs` gh shr ]K, hstf ghsedlf f ulf ]L i`n` suphrves`r phrnflhlth hl bf `crf. Wehlhl quh iunpber i`l bfs nesnfs hxedhliefs y ifbejeifie`lhs pr`jhse`lfbhs hstfcbhiegfs pfrf hb Shseghlth gh @crf. L` p`græl prhstfr shrveie`s hl nfs gh ulf `crf f bf vhz

I`ltr`b gh @crf ELY]HIW@S ✙ ✙

L` rhquehr rhquehrhh Shdestr Shdestr` ` gh I`lsub I`lsubt`r t`r gh @crfs @crfs ghb @YIH ]r`jhse`lfb ]r`j hse`lfb (eldhlehr` (eldhlehr` ` frquethi frquethit`), t`), julie`lfre` julie`lfre` ` shrveg`r gh bfHltegfg

YX]HSZEY@S ✙ ✙ ✙ ✙

Ye rhquehrh rhquehrh Shdestr` Shdestr` gh I`lsubt`r I`lsubt`r gh @crfs ghb @YIH. ]hrs`lf ]hrs` lf lfturfb ` kurîgeif kurîgeif hsphiefbnhlth i`ltrftfgf i`ltrftfgf.. ]hrs` ]hrs`lf lf lf lftu turrfb fb;; L` nhl`s gh 3 fö`s gh hxph hxphre rehl hlie ieff hl bf bfhsp hsphi hiefb efbegf egfg. g. Bhy ghb ]rhsupuhst`; ]rhsupuhst`; I`ltr`b I`ltr`b gh @crf p`r ul Yuphrves`r hs @cbedft`re` @cbedft`re` hl `crfs

iuy` Zfb`r Shjhrhliefb hs edufb ` nfy`r Y/. 7 9==,===.==

Julie`l Julie `lhs hs pr prel elie iep pfbh bhss ghb elsphit`r ` sup suphrv hrves` es`rr

Hltegfg

]r`yhitestf

I``rgelf Elj`rnf I``rgelf Fshs`rf

Elsphit`r/Yuphrves`r

I`lt I` ltr` r`bb + Fcs Fcsuhb uhbvh vh i`lsubtfs

I`ltrftestf

66/=7/3=3=

:8

YGII

@cbedfieùl ghb i`ltrftestf gh hkhiutfr hb i`ltrft` i`l hb phrs`lfb `jhrtfg` • Hs Hsttæ `cbed cbedfg fg` ` gh ele eleiefr iefr y

• Gh Ghch ch ph phrrnfl nflhi hihr hr i`n`

hkhiutfr hb i`ltrft` i`l hb pbflthb pr`jhse`lfb

nîlen` := gîfs ifbh ifbhlg lgfr fre` e` gh ghsg sghh hb el elei eie` e`

ibfvh quh firhgetù hl hb phrjhiie`lfnehlt` ghb i`ltrft`.

gh su pfrteiepfieùl hl bf hkhiui hkh iuieùl eùl ghb i` i`ltr ltrft ft`. `.

I`ltrftestf

]hrs`lfb

• Fp Fpbebeif if ph phlf lfbebegf gfg g l` nhl` nhl`rr f

=.8 XEW le nfy`r 6 XEW p`r ifgf gîf gh fushlief ghb phrs`lfb hl bf `crf. Yfbv` p`r;; e) nuhrth, ee) elvfbeghz p`r s`crhvelehlth h eee) elafc ela fcebe ebetf tfie ieùl ùl pf pfrf rf hkh hkhri rihr hr bf pr`jhseùl.

Fushlief phrs`lfbghb

Hx Hxih ihpi pie` e`lf lfbn bnhl hlth th pu puhg hgh h`l sh shr r su sust stet etue ueg` g`,,ghb hli` iuy iultrfte y`ftest ifs` fs `f hb phrj pheleùl rjeb eb ghb gh b rhhn rh-3=64 hnpb pbfz fzfl flth thleùl l`l gh ghch ch fj fjhi hitf tfrr bf bfss i`lge i` lgeie` ie`lhs lhs quh n`t n`tev evfr fr`l bf shb shbhii hiieùl eùl i`ltr stf (@pele (@p ùl =13 =13-3= 64 y @pe @peleù 383-3= 383 -3=64) 64) 66/=7/3=3=

YGII

]rìhgenehlt` gh sustetuieùl ghb phrs`lfb pr`puhst` I`ltrftestf Y`beietf f bf Hltegfg 68 gîfs flths quh iubnelh bf rhbfieùl i`ltrfitu i`ltrfitufb fb hltrh hb i`ltrftestf y hb phrs`lfb f shr sustetueg`. Hltegfg Hneth pr`luliefnehlt` ghltr` gh 1 gîfs seduehlths gh pr prhhsh shl ltfgf bf s` s`be beie iettug, gh l` af afih ihrb rb` ` sh i`lseg lseghr hrff fp fprr`cfg fgff bf sustetuieùl. Hltegfg Ye iubnelf bf rhbfieùl i`ltrfitufb hltrh hb i`ltrftestf y hb phrs`lfb y bf Hltegfg l` afyf fpr`cfg` bf sustetuieùl p`r l` iu iunp npbeberr i` i`l l bfs bfs hx hxph phre rehl hlie iefs fs y ifbe ifbeje jeif ifie ie`l `lhs hs rhqu rhquhr hreg egfs fs,, sh fpbeif phlfbegfg

::

Hb phrjeb ghb rhhnpbfzflth l` ghch fjhitfr bfs i`lgeie`lhs quh n`tevfr`l bf shbhiieùl ghb i`ltrftestf 66/=7/3=3=

YGII

Iufghrl` gh@crf 6. Jh Jhia iaff gh hl hltr trhd hdff gh thrr rrhhl`; i` i`lt ltrf rfte test stff hl hltr trhd hdff y fcrh fcrh hb hbIu Iufg fghr hrl` l` gh @cr crf. f. 3. Bhd Bhdfb fbeezfg fg`. `. 9. Sh Shse segh ghlt lthh h Elsp Elsphi hit` t`rr ` Yuph Yuphrv rves es`r `r;; ûle ûlei`s i`s fut` fut`re rezf zfgf gfss pfr pfrff afih afihrr fl`t fl`tfi fie` e`lh lhs, s, sfbv` fushliefs fushliefs hx hxihpie ihpie`lfbhs `lfbhs (hlj (hljhrnhgf hrnhgfg, g, fiieghl fiieghlth, th, hti.). 7. Ius Iust`g t`gef; ef; p`r hbrhse hbrhsegh ghlt lth. h. 8. I. @c @crf rf ih ihrr rrfg fg`; `; E/Y E/Y buhd buhd` `g ghh rhi rhihp hpie ieùlgh ùlghje jele lete tevvf. :. Sh Shse segh ghlt lthh l` gh ghkf kfgh gh fl fl`t `tfr fr fb E/Y; ph phlf lfbebegf gfg g

:4

8/6= 8/ 6=== == vfb`r vfb`rezf ezfieù ieùl l phre`g phre`g` ` i/ i/gî gîf. f.

I`lsubtfs s`crh ìurrhliefs Bfs i`lsubtfs sh j`rnubfl hl hb iufghrl` gh `crf y sh geredhl fb elsphit`r ` suphrves`r, suphrves`r, shdûl i`rrhsp`lgf. L` sh rhqueh rhquehrh rh bf `peleùl `peleùl ghb pr`yh pr`yhitest itestff I`ltrftestf afih bf i`lsubtf (gef (gef =)

Elsphit`r ` Yuphrves`r tehlh =8 g.i. g.i. pfrf pfrf gfr rhspuhstf

Yepuhstf l` afy rhs rhspuhs tf hb i`ltrftestf tehlh =3 g.i. g.i. pfrf pfrf hbhvfr hbh vfrb` b` f bf Hltegfg

Bf Hltegfg Hltegfg tehlh tehlh =8 g.i. g.i. pfrf pfrf gfr rhspuhstf

Bf Hlteg Hltegfg fg kult kult` ` i`l hb pr`yhite pr`y hitestf stf tehl tehlh h

Ye l` afy rhspuhs rhsp uhstf tf ghb pr`yhitestf, bf

Ye sh rhqueh rhquehrh rh bf `peleùl `peleùl ghb pr`yh pr`yhitest itestff I`ltrftestf afih bf i`lsubtf

Elsphit`r ` Yuphrves`r tehlh =7 g.i g.i.. pfr pfrf f

(gef (gef =)

hbh hbhvfr vfrb` b` f bf Hltegfg

68 g.i. g. i. pfr pfrf f gfr rhspuhstf

Hlt Hltegf egfg g gfr gfræ æ rhspuhstf

Zfb`rezfie`l Zfb`rezf ie`lhs hs yShfkusths y Shfkusths f. @crff f ]rhie`s f.@cr ]rhie`sXle Xletf tfre` re`s. s. Z > ( Ntg`.hkhiutfg` x ].X ].X.`j .`jhrtfg hrtfg`) `) + Dt.Drb. Dt.Drb.@jh @jhrtf rtfg` g` +Xtebegfg + Xtebegfg `jhrtfgf Yh vfb`rezf vfb`rezf afstf hb t`tfb t`tfb gh nhtrfg` rhfbnhlt rhfbnhlthh hkhiutfg`s c.@crf f Yunf Yun f Fbz Fbzfgf fgf.. Z > ((Ntg`. hkhiutfg` x ].X. `j `jhr hrttfg` fg`) + Dt Dt.D .Drb. rb.@j @jhr hrtf tfg` g`++ Xtebegfg `jhrtfgf `jhrtfgf Yh vfb`r fb`rez ezff afstf afstf hb t`tfb gh nhtr nhtrfg fg` ` ghb ghb pr prhs hsup upuh uhst st` ` gh `crf `crf i. @crff Yesthnf Next` ( Yunf Fbzfgf / ]rhie`sXletfre`s). i.@cr Shfkusths Jùrnubfs]`b Jùrnubfs ]`belùne elùneifs ifs (G.Y. (G.Y.L» L» =66-45-Z =66-45-ZI); I); Hx Hxp. p.WWåilei` åilei`

Nflthlhr Nflth lhr hb hquebecre` hquebecre` hi`lùnei` ghbI`l ghb I`ltrf trft` t`

Zfb`rezf rezfie`l ie`lhs hs gh`crf gh `crf Zfb`

Hltegfg pfdf bf Hltegfg vfb`rezfieùl

]rhie`s Xletfre` Xletfre`s; s; afstf b`s nhtrfg`s nhtrfg`s rhfbnhl rhf bnhlth th hkhiutf hkhiutfg`s g`s

Ye

I`lj`rnh Nhtrfg`s hl `crf

Yunf fbzfgf;

Yuphrves`rifbiubf vfb`rezfieùl

Yuphrves`rprhshltf bf vfb` vfb`rezfi rezfieùl eùl f bf hlt hltegf egfg g

Hltegfg rhvesfbf vfb`rezfieùl L`

Afstf b`s nhtrfg`s ghb ]rhsupuhst` I`ltrftfg` ]rhsupuhst` I`ltrftfg`

Fnpbefieùl gh pbfz` (@crfs) °Vuå ifusfs `redelfl ulf fnpbefieùl gh pbfz`0

Ftrfs`s y/` pfrfbezfie`lhs p`r ifusfs l` ftrecuecbhs fb i`ltrftestf

Iuflg` hs lhihsfre` ul pbfz` fgeie`lfb pfrf bf hkhiuieùl gh bf prhstfieùl prhstfieùl fgeie`lfb gh `crf

Iuflg` hs lhihsfre` ul pbfz` fgeie`lfb pfrf bf hkhiuieùl gh b`s nfy`rhs nhtrfg`s, hl i`ltrft`s f prhie`s uletfre`s

- Ghchl shr p`r ifusfbhs su v`bultfg - fkhlfs Ghchl ffjhitfr bf rutf ireteif ghb pr`drfnf gh hkhiuieùl gh `crf vedhlth fb n`nhlt` gh bf s`beietug gh fnpbefieùl. - Yh fnpbîf hb pbfz` gh bfs dfrfltîfs `t`rdfgfs.

Fnpbefieùl gh pbfz` (@crfs) Jhlùnhl`s lfturfbhs

Ghn`rf hl hb pfd` gh =9 vfb`rezfie`lhs i`lshiutevfs Frt. 641.7 )

I`ljbeit`s sìefbhs

½

°Vuå ftrfs`s y/` pfrfbezfie`lhs sh puhghl prhshltfr0 Ghn`rf hl bf fcs`buieùl gh i`lsubtfs s`crh ìurrhliefs ìurrhliefs hl bf `crf

(Frt. 659 ) ½

Ghn`rf hl bf fpr`cfieùl gh prhstfie`lhs fgeie`lfbhs

(Frt. 3=8 ) ½

Ghn`rf hl bf rhihpieùl gh bf `crf (Frt. 3=1.6:)

]rìhgenehlt` gh bf fnpbefieùl gh pbfz` hl `crfs Shseghlth Fl`t `tff elei leie` y jel gh ghbb ah ahiia` quh dhlhr lhrf fn fnp pbefi befieù eùl l gh pbf pbfz` ` hb elei eleie` e` y je jel lfb gh bf ifusfb gh b`s nfy`rhs nhtrfg`s hl i`ltr i`l trft` ft`ss f ]rhie` ]rhie`ss Xlet Xletfre` fre`s. s.

Hltegfg Sh Shsu suhb hbvh vh y l`te l`teje jeif if su gh ghie iese seùl ùl hl ul pbfz pbfz` ` gh 68 gîfs îfs aæc aæcebh ebhs, ghs hsgh gh hb gîf sedue edueh hlth gh rhieceg ceg` hb elj lj`r `rn nh ` vhlie lieg` hb pbf pbfz` pfrf hneterb`. hneterb`.

I`ltrftestf Ghltr` gh b`s 68 gîfs ifbhlgfre`s gh i`libuegf bf ieriulstflief elvìfgf, s`beietf bf fnpbefieùl gh pbfz`, flth hb elsphit`r ` suphrves`r, i`l i`pef f bf Hltegfg.

Yuphrves` Yuph rves`rr / elsp elsphit` hit`rr

Hl ul pb pbfz fz` ` l` nfy`r fy`r gh 8 gî gîfs fs aæ aæce cebh bhss hne neth th elj` lj`rnh rnh i`l `pe pele leù ùl s`cr `crh bf s`beietug gh fnpb fnpbef efie ieùl ùl gh pb pbfz fz` ` y b` rh rhne neth th f bf Hlte Hltegf gfg gy fb i`ltrftest i`ltrftestf. f.

Ye ghltr` gh b`s 3= gîfs aæcebhs gh prhshltfgf bf s`beietug, bf Hltegfg l` sh pr`lulief sh i`lseghrf fpr`cfg` bf fnpbefieùl.

Fnpbefieùl gh pbfz` (@crfs) Ifgf s`beietug gh fnpbefieùl gh pbfz` ghch trfnetfrsh y rhs`bvhrsh elghphlgehlthnhlth

Yh puhgh s`beietfr fnpbefie`lhs pfriefbhs gh `crf hl ifs` bf ieriulstflief l` thldf jhiaf prhvestff gh i`libuseùl. prhvest

Bfs fnpbefie`lhs gh pbfz` sh s`beietfl ghltr` gh b`s 68 gîfs quh elgeif bf l`rnf, ful shf juhrf ghb pbfz` gh vedhlth gh hkhiuieùl gh @crf (@peleùl 638-3=61)

Bfs i`ltr`vhrsefs s`l s`nhtegfs f fb rhsphitev` nhge` gh s`buieùl ghltr` gh b`s 9= g.a. p`sthre`r p`sthre`rhs hs f bf jhiaf hl quh bf Hltegfg ghceù l`tejeifr su rhspuhstf.

Nfy`rh Nfy`rhss i`st`s gerhi gerhit`s t`s y nfy`rhs dfs dfst`s t`s dhlhrfb dhlhrfbhs hs vfrefcbhs

6. Fn Fnpb pbef efie ie`l `lhs hsgh gh ]b ]bfz fz`; `;pfd pfd` ` nf nfy` y`rh rhss i`s i`st`s t`s ge gerh rhit it`s `syy b`s dfs dfst`s t`s dhlhr dhlhrfbh fbhss vfref vfrefcbh cbhss (DD (DDZ)

3. I`st`s ger gerhi hit` t`s; s; gh ghchl chl hst hstfr fr ghce ghcegfn gfnhlt hlthh firhge firhgetfg tfg`s. `s.

9. DDZ; G Ghchl hchl j` j`rn rnfr fr pfr pfrth th gh bf hstru hstruitu iturf rf D DDZ DZ g ghh bf `jh `jhrt rtff hi`lùneif ghb i`lt i`ltrft rftest estff (].X. ` Y.F. .F.).

Shseg Sh seghl hlth th pr prhsh hshlt ltff bf Zfb`rezfieùl fb`rezfieùl fb

Hb suphrves`r ` elsphit`r elsph it`r tehlh tehlh 68 g.i. g.i. pfrff hnet pfr hneter er `pele` `pele`l ly

Bf Hlte Hltegf gfg g teh tehlh lh 9= g.i.. pfr g.i pfrff ifl iflihbf ihbfrr bf

suphrves`r ` elsphit`r

hbhv hbhvfrb` frb` f bf Hltegfg Hltegfg

vfb`rezfieùl

Iæbiub` ghb Dfst` Dhlhrfb Zfrefcbh Gefre` DDZG >

DDZ@

x

Ep

]bfz` i`ltrfitufb E` G`lgh; DDZ@ ;

Dfst` Dfs t`ss dh dhlhr lhrfbh fbhss vf vfref refcbh cbhss `j `jhrt hrtfg` fg`ss

Ep

;

E.X E. X. 95 nh nhss hl qu quh h ì ìur urrh rh bf ifu fusf sfbb gh fn fnpb pbef efie ieùl ùl gh pb pbfz fz` ` i`l `ltr trfi fitu tufb fb..

E`

;

E.X. 95 fb nh nhss gh ghbb vf vfb` b`rr rh rhjjhr hrhl hlie iefb fb..

Elthrhshs p`r ghn`rf hl hb pfd` gh vfb`rezfie`lhs Hkhnpb`; Zfb`rezfieùl gh Nfrz` 3=61; Y/.6 ―===,===.==, sh ghc ghchh pfd pfdfr fr i` i`n` n` næx næxen` en` hb 9= gh Fcreb Fcreb ghb ghb 3=61, 3=61, phr` phr` sh pfdf pfdf hb 68 gh Kule` ghb 3=61.

Elthrås Elth rås dhl dhlhrf hrfg` g` > Y/.3 1=:.8: Zhr; attp;//www.cirp.d`c.ph/fpps/ifbiubfg`rf-gh-elthrhshs-bhdfbhs/

Fitufbezfieùl ghb ]r`drfnf gh Hkhiuieùl gh @crf Iuflg` p`r rfz`lhs l` enputfcbhs fb i`ltrftestf hb ]r`drfnf gh Hkhiuieùl gh @crf vedhlth l` rhjbhkh fghiufgfnhlth hb fvflih rhfb ghb pr`drhs` gh bf `crf, f phgeg` ghb suphrves`r ` elsphit`r;

I`ltrftestf I`ltrftes tf =4 g.i. g.i. fitufb fit ufbezf ezf hb ]r`drf ]r` drfnf nf gh Hkhiui Hkh iuie` e`l l gh @crf @crf y b` prhshltf prhshltf fb Elsphit`r Yuphrves`r`

Elsphit`rtehlh ` Yuphrves`r =4 g.i. g.i. pfrf pfrf fpr`c fpr `cfrb frb` ù `cshrvfrb` Yel` sh pr`lul pr` lulief ief sh fpruhc fpr uhcf f b` prhshltfg` prhsh ltfg` p`r hb i`ltrftestf

Hb i`ltrftestf tehlh tehlh =4 g.i. g.i. pfrf pf rf bhvf bhvflt ltfr fr bfs bfs `cshrvfie`lhs

Hl ifs` hb i`ltrft i`ltrftestf estf l` prhshltf prhshltf hb ]r`drf ]r` drfnf nf gh Hkhiuie` Hkhiu ie`l l gh @crf fitufbezfg`, hb suphrves`r ` elsphit`r b` hbfc`rf y sh vuhbvh `cbedft`re `cbed ft`re` ` pfrf t`g`ss b`s hjhit t`g` hjhit`s `s

Ghn`rfs elkustejeif ifg gfs hl bf bf hkhiuieùl gh bf bf `c `crf rf

Iuflg`;

ZFH shf 2 1=% ZF]

Iuflg`; ZFH shf 2 1=% ZF] IF@

Hb elsphit`r ` suphrves`r `rghlfræ fb i`ltrftestf prhshltfr ghltr` gh b`s =4 g.i., IF@. Yh fl`tf hl hb I/@

Hb elsphit`r ` hb suphrves`r fl`tfræ hb ahia` hl hb iufghrl` gh `crf h elj`rnf f bf Hltegfg.

Hl =9 g.i. hb Yuphrves`r ` Elsphit`r `t`rdf i`lj`rnegfg y hbhvf f bf Hltegfg quehl tehlh =4 g.i. pfrf su fpr`cfieùl. Yel` sh pr`lulief, sh fpruhcf b` hbhvfg` p`r hb Elsphit`r ` Yuphrves`r

Geia` rhtrfs` puhgh shr i`lseghrfg` i`n` ifusfb gh rhs`buieùl ghb i`ltrft` ` gh elthrvhlieùl hi`lùneif gh bf `crf, l` sehlg` lhihsfre` fphriecenehlt` fbdul` fb i`ltrftestf gh `crf.

Ghn` rfss elkuste elkustejeif jeifgfs gfs hl bf bfhk hkhi hiuie uieùl ùl gh bf bf`crf `crf Ghn`rf (Frt. 3=9.7 Shdbfnhlt`) Hb luhv` ifbhlgfre` l` hxenh fb i`ltrftestf gh bf rhsp`lsfcebegfg i`ltrftestf p`r ghn`rfs elkustejeifgfs, elkustejeifgfs, le hs fpbeifcbh pfrf hb iæbiub` y i`ltr`b gh rhfkusths.

2 1=% ghb n`lt` gh bf vfb`rezfieùl fiunubfgf pr`drfnfgf Hb elsphit`r ` suphrves`r su phrves`r `rghlf fb i`ltrftestf quh prhshlth, ghltr` gh b`s sehth (4) gîfs seduehlths, fl`tflg` tfb ahia` hl hb iufghrl` gh `crf

Luhv` ifbhlgfre` quh i`lthnpbh bf fihbhrfieùl gh b`s trfcfk`s Elthrvhlieùl hi`lùneif `

L` prhshltfieùl gh ifbhlgfre` gh fvflih gh `crf fihbhrfg`

rhs`buieùl gh i`ltrft`

Ghn`rf Ghn` rfss elkuste elkustejeif jeifgfs gfs hl bf bfhk hkhiu hiuieù ieùl l gh bf bf`crf `crf (Frt. 3=9.8 Shdbfnhlt`)

2 1=% ghb n`lt` gh bf vfb`rezfieùl fiunubfgf pr`drfnfgf ghb luhv` ifbhlgfre`

Hb elsphit`r ` hb suphrves`r ghch fl`tfr hb ahia` hl hb iufghrl` gh `crf h elj`rnfr f bf Hltegfg.

Elthrvhlieùl hi`lùneif ` rhs`buieùl gh i`ltrft`

L` hs lhihsfre` fphriecenehlt` fbdul` fb i`ltrftestf gh `crf

Elthrvhlieùl hi`lùneif Frtîiub`s 3=9, 3=7 y 3=1 ghb Shdbfnhlt` gh bf Bhy gh I`ltrftfie`lhs ghb Hstfg`.

Gerhitev Ger hitevff L½ =69=69-3=65 3=65-@YIH/]SH

]ucbeifgf hl hb gefre` `jeiefb

Ghr`df

Gerhitev hitevff L½ ==6==6-3==9 3==9-Ger I@LYXI@GH/]SH

Hb ]hrufl` hb 36.6=.3=65

Elthrvhlieùl hi`lùneif

@crf hl l`rnfb hkhiuieùl Fgnelestrfieùl nfli`nulfgf

Fvflih 21=% > L` prhshltf Luhv` Ifbhlgfre` Fihbhrfg` Fi hbhrfg`

Elihlge` > Fvflih 21=% ghb Luhv` Ifbhlgfre` Fihbhrfg` @ckhtev`; @crf iubnelfgf

Elthrvhlieùl hi`lùneif Fgnelestrfieùl nfli`nulfgf

Wårnel` gh @crf

Ye hb i`ltrftestf rhiafzf bf elthrvhlieùl hi`lùneif, hb i`ltrft` hs

L@ FIH]WF > SHY@BXIE@L GH

Ye hb i`ltrftestf rhiafzf bf elthrvhlieùl hi`lùneif, hb i`ltrft` hs rhsuhbt` p`r eliunpbenehlt`.

Elthrvhlieùl hi`lùneif °Iuælg` hstf l`rnfg` quh sh pr`guzif ulf elthrvhlieùl hi`lùneif 0 L` prhshltfieùl gh ifbhlgfre` gh fvflih gh `crf fihbhrfg` (Frt. 3=9.7 Shdbfnhlt`) Iuflg` hb n`lt` gh bf vfb`rezfieùl fiunubfgf hs nhl`r fb 1=% ghb n`lt` fiunubfg` pr`drfnfg` ghb luhv` ifbhlgfre` (Frt. 3=9.8 Shdbfnhlt`) Ye vhlieg` hb 8=% ghb pbfz`, l` sh gf eleie` f sucsflfieùl gh `cshrvfie`lhs (Frt. 3=1.63 Shdbfnhlt`) Ye hb i`ltrftestf eliunpbh `trfs `cbedfie`lhs

I@LWSFW@

i`ltrfitufbhs

Elthrvhlieùl hi`lùneif °Iùn` sh fpbeif bf Ger Gerhitevf hitevf L½ =69-3=65-@YIH =69-3=65-@YIH/]SH0 /]SH0 6½ Hj Hjhitufr hitufr rhquhr rhquhrenehlt` enehlt` prhve` prhve` fb i`ltrftestf i`ltrftestf y i`ltfr i`l su fihptfieùl.

3½ Yh j`r j`rnfbez nfbezff p`r rhs` rhs`buieù buieùl l, hl g`lgh sh elgeif; f) Bf ghieseùl gh bf Hltegfg Hltegfg gh elthrvhler elthrvhler hi`lùneifnh hi`lùneifnhlth lth bf `crf. `crf. c) l`ncrh rfzùl rfz ùlfsìefb ` ghl`nelfieùl ghl`n elfieùl ghb i`ltrftest i`ltrftestf. f. i) Hb Hb l`ncrh, sfbg` sfbg` gh, `crf ` crf hkhiutfr hkhiutfr. . g) Hb n`lt` gh gh bfs vfb`rezfie`lhs vfb`rezfie`lhs fpr`cfgfs fpr`cfgfs phlgehl phlgehlths ths gh pfd`. pfd`. h) B`s l`ncr l`ncrhs hs y fphbbeg fphbbeg`s `s ghb ghb elthrvhlt`r p`r pfrth gh bf Hltegfg

Yh rhquehrh ghb i`lshltenehlt` i`lshltenehl t` ghb i`ltrftestf pfrf quh geiaf ghieseùl juhrf hjeifz

Hs hnetegf p`r hb julie`lfre` ghb nesn` levhb levhb khrærquei khrærquei` ` ` suphre`r gh fquhb quh susireceù hb i`ltrft`, prhve` elj`rnh tåilei` hneteg` p`r hb ærhf usufref h elj`rnh bhdfb

°Vueål hs hb elthrvhlt`r0 ▫

Hs ul ju juli lie` e`l lfre` ` shr hrve veg` g`rr gh ghbb ærhf usufr ufref gh bf Hltegfg.

▫

Shsp`lsfcbh gh dhste` e`l lfr bf `crf `ckht` gh bf elthrvhlieùl eùl

▫

hi`lùneif. Shsp`lsfcbh i`lkultfnhlth i`l hb rhprhshltflth ghb i`ltrftestf ghb nflhk` gh b`s j`lg`s gh bf iuhltf

▫

nfli`nulfgf. Hs ghsedlfg` hl bf nesnf Shs`buieùl quh j`rnfbezf bf ghie gh iese seùl ùl gh el elth thrv rvhl hler er hi`l hi`lùn ùnei eifn fnhl hlth th bf `cr `crf.

Hb elthrvhlt`r l` rhhnpbfzf fb elsphit`r ` suphrves`r

Elthrvhlieùl hi`lùneif °Iùn` sh fpbeif bf Ger Gerhitevf hitevf L½ =69-3=65-@YIH =69-3=65-@YIH/]SH0 /]SH0 9½ Yh fcr fcrh h iuhlt iuhltff i`rrehl i`rrehlth th nfli nfli`nulfgf `nulfgf.. B`s j`lg`s hstæl i`lstetueg`s p`r; f) Bfs vfb`rez vfb`rezfie`lhs fie`lhs fpr fpr`cfgfs `cfgfs phlgehl phlgehlths ths gh pfd`. c) Fquhbb`s quh pr`vhldfl gh bfs vfb`rezfie`lhs gh fvflih gh `crf fpr`cfgfs y gh iufbquehr `tr` i`lihpt` quh sh dhlhrhl p`sthre`r f bf elthrvhlieùl hi`lùneif gh bf `crf. i) Hb sfbg` gh b`s fghbfl fghbflt`s t`s gerhit`s gerhit`s phlgehl phlgehlths ths gh fn`rtezfr fn`rtezfr f bf jhiaf gh bf ûbtenf û btenf vfb`rezfieùl fpr`cfgf.

]bfz`s pfrf dhste`lfr bf elthrvhlieùl hi`lùneif      f       t      s        e       t      f      r       t      l      `        I

Fihptf ` rhiafzf elthrvhlieùl

9 gîfs aæcebhs

68 gîfs aæcebhs        g      f        g        e       t      l        H

Afcebetfgf bf Hltegfg pfrf elthrvhler bf `crf

9 gîfs aæcebhs

Hneth Shs`buieùl

9 gîfs aæcebhs L`tejeif fb i`ltrftestf bf Shs`buieùl

Ye hb i`ltrftestf fihptf elthrvhlieùl

Y`beietf bf fphrturf gh bf iuhltf nfli`nulfgf

5=

°Vuå hs ulf ]rhstfieùl Fgeie`lfb0 °Vuå hs ul nfy`r nhtrfg`0 °Vuå hs ulf prhstfieùl luhvf0

GHJELEIE@LHY    ;    f    r     c    `    h     g     b    f    l    `    e    i    e     g    f    l     ù    e    i    f    t    s    h    r    ]

Fquhbb bbff l` i`lseghr ghrfgf hl hb hxphgehlth tåilei` gh `crf, le hl hb i`ltrft` `redelfb, iuyf rhfbezfieùl rhsubtf elgesphlsfcbh y/` lhihsfref pfrf gf r iunpbenehlt` f bf nhtf pr prhv hves esttf gh bf `cr crff prel preliiepfb epfb y quh gf budfr f ul prhsupuhst prhsup uhst` ` fgeie`lfb fgeie`lfb

Hs hb elirhnhlt` ghb nhtrfg` nhtr fg` gh ulf pfrtegf pfrtegf prhvestf hl hb prhsupuhst` gh `crf, elgesphlsfcbh pfrf    ` fbiflzfr lzfr bf jelfbegfg jelfbegfg ghb     g fbif pr`yhit`, rhsubtflth ghb    f    r    t    h rhpbflth` y iufltejeifieùl    n rhfb rhsphit` gh b`    r    ` i`lseghrfg` hl hb    y    f hxphgehlth tåilei` gh `crf    N y quh l` pr`vehlh gh ulf n`gejeifieùl ghb geshö` gh eldhlehrîf. Y`b` ]rhie`s Xletfre`s

   ;    f    r     c    `    h     g    f    v    h    u    l    l     ù    e    i    f    t    s    h    r    ]

Bf l` i`lseghrfgf hl hb hxphgehlth tåilei` gh `crf, le hl hb i`ltrft` `redelfb, iuyf rhfbezfieùl l` hs elgesphlsfcbh y/` lhihsfref pfrf gfr iunpbenehlt` f bf nhtf preliepfb gh bf `crf. Hstfs prhstfie`lhs sh hkhiutfl nhgeflth ul luhv` i`ltrft`, pfrf b` iufb sh fpbeifl b`s prìhgenehlt`s hstfcbhieg`s hl bf Bhy y su Shdbfnhlt`.

66/=7/3=3=

Elgesphlsfcbh

YGII

53

L` hxesth bf pfrtegf

6.3= 6.8=

=.9=

Elgesphlsfcbh Hxesth bf pfrtegf ]r`guit` ghb rhpbflth`

@crf gh sflhfnehlt` f prhie`s uletfre`s

@crf gh sflhfnehlt` f prhie`s uletfre`s

Elgesphlsfcbh Hxesth Hxest h bf pfrtegf ]r`guit` ghb rhpbflth`

L` i`lseghrfg` L` elgesphlsfcbh

]rhstfieùl Fgeie`lfb

Nfy`r nhtrfg`

- Elg Elges esph phls lsfc fcbh bh

- Elgesphlsfcbh - Hxesth bf pfrtegf

- L` h hxes xesth th bf pfrte pfrtegf gf

- ]r ]r`gu `guit it` ` ghb ghb rrhpbfl hpbflth` th` ]rhstfieùl luhvf - L` i` i`ls lseg eghr hrfg fg` `

- L` el elge gesp sphl hlsf sfcb cbh h

]rhstfie` ]rhstf ie`lh lhss Fge Fgeie` ie`lf lfbh bhss gh @c @crfs rfs Hb tetubfr gh bf Hlte Hltegf gfg g pu puhg hghh ghbhd hbhdfr fr,, nh nhge gefl flth th rh rhs` s`bu buie ieùl ùl,, bf fut` fut`re regf gfg g quh bf prhs prhshl hlth th bh`t bh `t`r `rddf. ]uh ]uhgh gh gh ghbh bhddfr, fr, fb sedu sedueh ehlt lthh levhb gh ghieseùl, bfs fut`rezfie`lhs gh prhstfie`lhs fgeie`lfbhs fgeie `lfbhs gh`c gh `crf rf.. @crfs Fgeie`lfbhs ≧ 6 8 % Fut`rezfi fieeùl prhvef f bf hkhiuieùl jîse jîseiif i`l Shs hs`b `bui uieeùl ghb Wetubfr gh bf Hltegfg ` ghb shrveg`r ghb seduehlth levhb gh ✙

ghie gh iese seùl ùl f qu queh ehl l sh au auce cehr hrff gh ghbh bhddfg` fg` hst hstff ftre ftrecu cuie ieùl ùl.. @crfs Fge Fgeie` ie`lfb lfbhs hs < 6 8 % Wetubfr gh bf Hltegfg fpruhcf bf ]rhstfieùl Fgeie`lfb i`l Shs` Sh s`bu buie ieùl ùl phr` qu queh ehl l fut`rezf bf hkhi hiui uieeùl jîse jîseiif y pf pfdd` hs bf

✙

I`lt I` ltrrfb`r fb`rîf îf Dh Dhlh lhrf rfbb gh bf Sh Shpu pucb cbei eif. f.

E/Y 8gi Sftejeif

Shseghlth fl`tf hl i.gh `crf afy ul trfcfk` l` i`ltrfitufb

63 g.a. Hltegfg Hneth rhs`buieùl fpr`cft`ref

fl`tfie`l fl`tfi e`l y hneth elj`rnh tåilei`

]rhstfie`lhs Fgeie`lfbhs gh @crfs Hltegfg s`beietf `peleùl ghb pr`yhitestf y

I`ltrftestf68gi I`ltrftestf68gi Hbfc`rf Hbfc` rf HW@ ghb fgeie`lfb

E/ s

6=gi.Shvesf y 6=gi.Shvesf hbfc`rf hbfc` rf elj elj`rn `rnhh gh i`lj`rnegfg thileif thil eif ghb HW HW@ @

`ctehlh vefcebegfg prhsupuhstfb 1/4/61

]rhstfie`lhs fgeie`lfbhs Bf fpr`cfieùl gh bf prhstfieùl gh fgeie`lfb hs ulf jfiubtfg ghbhdfcbh

Hb pfrteiepflth ghch rhvesfr gh nflhrf gebedhlth hb hxphgehlth tåilei` y hjhitufr bfs i`lsubtfs y `cshrvfie`lhs gurflth hb prìhs` gh shbhiieùl

Bf l` fpr`cfieùl gh ulf prhstfieùl fgeie`lfb l` puhgh shr s`nhtegf f i`liebefieùl le frcetrfkh. Iufbquehr rhibfn` vîf ]`ghr Kugeiefb.

J`rnubfr hxphgehlths tåilei`s i`l `nese`lhs, ghjeiehliefs ` elj`rnfieùl hquevìfgf sh i`lstetuyh hl eljrfiieùl y hstf sukht` f nubtf gh 8% f 68% ghb i`ltrft`

Bfs prhstfie`lhs fgeie`lfbhs gh `crf y b`s nfy`rhs nhtrfg`s hl i`lkult`, l` puhghl suphrfr hb 8=% ghb i`ltrft` `redelfb `redelfb.. Ye suphrf > rhs`buieùl ghb i`ltrft`, (l` fpbeif frtîiub` 6:4)

W`g` pfit` hl i`ltrfre` hs lub`

Shs`buieùl gh i`ltrft` gh`crf Bf pfrth quh rhsuhbvh elgeifr, bf jhiaf y a`rf pfrf bf i`lstftfieùl jîseif h elvhltfre` hl hb budfr gh bf `crf, flteiepfieùl l` 2 =9 g.i.

Bfs pfrths sh rhûlhl hl prhshlief L`tfre` ` Kuhz gh ]fz, sh bhvfltf fitf (fvflihs gh `crf f levhb gh nhtfs vhrejeifcbhs, elvhltfre``crf). gh fbnfiål gh

Iubnelfg`, bf `crf quhgf cfk` rhsp`lsfcebegfg gh bf Hltegfg y sh prìhgh f bf bequegfieùl

Hl ifs` gh i`ltr`vhrsef s`crh rhs`buieùl ghb i`ltrft`, i`liebefieùl i`liebefieù l ` frcetrfkh, ghltr` ghlt r` gh 9= g.i. seduehlth seduehlthss f bf l`tejeifieùl.

Ye l` sh prhshltf, bf `trf bhvfltf hb fitf, ghceålg`sh rhfbezfr hb elvhltfre` rhsphitev` hl b`s fbnfihlhs gh bf `crf (quhgf cfk` rhsp`lsfcebegfg ghb i`ltrftestf)

Zhlieg` hb pbfz` sel thlhr i`nuleifieùl i`nuleifieùl fbdulf, bf rhs`buieùl ghb i`ltrft` quhgf i`lshltegf.

Ye Shs`buieùl hs p`r ifusf gh bf Hltegfg, Hltegfg, sh rhi`lìhræ rhi`lìhræ fb i`ltrf i`ltrftestf testf hb 8= % gh bf utebegf utebegfg g ghkfgf gh phr phrie iece cerr. Iubnelfieùl;

]`st`rhs hl

`rghl

gh prhbfieùl ’

`t `trr` prìhs` gh shbhiieùl. shbhiieùl.

Shihpieùl gh`crf ✙

Shseghlth; I. gh @crf fl`tf jhiaf ghiubnelfieùl

✙

Elsphit`r Elsph it`r / Yuphrves`r; pbfz pbfz` ` gh 8 g. g.i. i.vh vhre reje jeif ifhb hb iunp iunpbebene nehl hlt` t`gh gh b`s b`s ]bfl`s, HHWW y iifbegfg ]bfl`s, fbegfggh gh @cr @crff y hnet hnethh ul Ihrte Ihrtejeifg` jeifg`gh gh I`l I`lj`rne j`rnegfg gfg Wåile åileff y b` hbhv hbhvff f bf Hltegfg Hltegfg

✙

Hltegfg; Hlteg fg; pb pbfz` fz` gh 3 g.a. Ghs Ghsedlf edlf I`n I`netå etå gh Shi Shihpieùl hpieùl..

✙

I`netå gh Shihpieùl; rhprhsh rhprhshltflth ltflth Hltegfg; Eldhleh Eldhlehr` r`` ` Frque Frquethit thit` `

✙

Zhhg`r(`pie`lfb);; rhprhshltflth Zhhg`r(`pie`lfb) rhprhshltflth ghb IE], IF], @IE.

✙

Iùneth gh Shihpieùl; pbfz` gh 3 = g.i. g.i.,, vhre vhreje jeif ifbf bf `p `phr hrft ftev eveg egfg fg y julie`lfnehlt julie`l fnehlt` ` gh bf elj eljrfhst rfhstruiturf ruiturfiubnel iubnelfgf, fgf, hquep`s hquep`shh elstf elstfbfie`lhs. bfie`lhs.

✙

L` @cshrvfie`lhs; Fit Fitff ghShihpieùl

✙

Ye @cshrvfie`lhs; ]beh ]behd` d` / ulf s`bf s`bfvh vhzz

Shihpieùl gh`crf 6½ HL IFY@ L@ YH HLIXHLWSHL @CYHSZ @CYHSZFIE@LHY FIE@LHY Hl bf jhiaf gh bf iubnelfieùl gh bf `crf, hb rhseghlth fl`tfræ tfb ahia` hl hb iufghrl` gh `crfs y s`beietfræ bf rhihpieùl gh bf nesnf.

Hb elsphit`r ` suphrves`r, hl ul pbfz` l` < =8 g.i. p`sthre`rhs f bf fl`tfieùl shöfbfgf, hneth hb ihrtejeifg` gh i`lj`rnegfg tåileif y b` rhneth f bf Hltegfg.

Hb I`netå gh Shihpieùl, kult` i`l hb i`ltrftestf, hl ul pbfz` l` < 3= g.i. prìhghræ f vhrejeifr hb jehb iunpbenehlt` gh b` i`ltrftfg`. Shseghlth hltrhdf Iufghrl` gh @crf

Gh l` hxester `cshrvfie`lhs, sh prìhghræ f bf rhihpieùl gh bf `crf, thleålg`sh p`r i`libuegf bf nesnf, hl bf jhiaf elgeifgf p`r hb i`ltrftestf. Yh ghvuhbvh hb iufghrl` gh `crf fb rhseghlth

Bf Hltegfg ghltr` gh b`s =3 g.a. gh hnetegf hb ihrtejeifg` gh i`lj`rnegfg ghsedlf ul i`netå gh rhihpieùl.

Hb Fitf gh Shihpieùl hs susiretf p`r b`s nehncr`s ghb i`netå, hb suphrves`r ` elsphit`r y hb i`ltrftestf.

Shihpieùl gh`crf 3½ HL IFY@ YE YH HLIXHLWSHL @CYHSZ @CYHSZFIE@LHY FIE@LHY

Gh hxester `cshrvfie`lhs, åstfs sh i`lsedlfræl hl ul Fitf ` ]behd` gh @cshrvfie`lhs y l` sh rhieceræ bf `crf.

Hb elsphit`r ` suphrves`r elj`rnf f bf Hltegfg, hl hb pbfz` gh =9 g.i. seduehlths gh bf fl`tfieùl.

Hb i`ltrftestf gesp`lgræ gh ul gåien` (6/6=) ghb pbfz` vedhlth ` 78 g.i. (hb nhl`r) pfrf sucsflfr bfs `cshrvfie`lhs. Yh i`nputf f pfrter gh bf jhiaf gh susirepieùl ghb Fitf.

Hb i`netå gh rhihpieùl kult` i`l hb i`ltrftestf sh i`lstetueræl hl bf `crf ghltr` gh b`s =4 g.i. seduehlths gh rhieceg` hb elj`rnh ghb

Yucsflfgfs bfs `cshrvfie`lhs, hb i`ltrftestf s`beietfræ luhvfnhlth bf rhihpieùl gh bf `crf hl hb iufghrl` gh `crf.

Gh afchrsh sucsflfg` bfs `cshrvfie`lhs f i`lj`rnegfg ghb i`netå gh rhihpieùl, sh susireceræ hb Fitf gh Shihpieùl gh @crf.

elsphit`r ` suphrves`r.

Shihpieùl gh`crf I@LWSFWEYW WEYWF F @ HB I@NEWÅ GH SHIH]IEÙL L@ HYWXZEHYH I@LJ@SNH 9½ HL IFY@ VXH HB I@LWSF I@L BFY @CYHSZFIE@LHY @ BF YXCYFLFIEÙL

Yhdûl i`rrhsp`lgf, sh fl`tfræ bf gesirhpflief hl hb fitf rhsphitevf

Gh phrsester bf gesirhpflief, åstf sh s`nhthræ f i`liebefieùl y/` frcetrfkh, ghltr` gh b`s 9= g.a.

Hbhbhvfræ i`netåfbgh rhihpieùl Wetubfr gh bf Hltegfg t`g` b` fitufg` i`l ul elj`rnh susthltfg` gh sus `cshrvfie`lhs hl ul pbfz` næxen` gh =8 g.i.

Bf Hltegfg ghchræ pr`luliefrsh s`crh geiafs `cshrvfie`lhs hl edufb pbfz` (=8 g.i.)

seduehlths fb pr`luliefnehlt` gh bf Hltegfg ` f su vhlienehlt`.

Shihpieùl gh`crf 7½ HL IFY@ BF HLWEGFG ZHSEJEIF VXH HB I@LWSFWEYW I@LWSFWEYWF F L@ SHFBE[F BF YXCYFLFIEÙL GH BFY @CYHSZFIE@LHY Ye vhlieg` hb ieliuhltf p`r iehlt` (8=%) ghb pbfz` hstfcbhieg` pfrf bf sucsflfieùl, hb elsphit`r ` suphrves`r i`npruhcf quh l` sh af gfg` eleie` f b`s trfcfk`s i`rrhsp`lgehlths.

]rìhghræ gh fiuhrg` f b` hstfcbhieg` hl hb thrihr

Elj`rnf gh elnhgeft` f bf Hltegfg, quehl gf p`r vhlieg` geia` pbfz` y l`tejeif fb i`ltrftestf.

F pfrter ghb gîf seduehlth gh hjhitufgf bf l`tejeifieùl bf Hltegfg fsunh bf sucsflfieùl gh bfs `cshrvfie`lhs i`l ifrd` f bfs vfb`rezfie`lhs phlgehlths gh pfd`, ù…

pærrfj` ghb frtîiub` 3=7.9 (Elthrvhlieùl hi`lùneif gh `crf).

Shihpieùl gh`crf ZHSEJEIF VXH BF @CSF L@ YH HLIXHLWSF IXBNELFGF IXBNELFGF 8½ HL IFY@ HB I@NEWH ZHSEJEIF

Hb I`netå gesp`lh quh hb elsphit`r ` suphrves`r fl`th hl hb iufghrl` gh `crf tfb ahia`,

Yh fpbeif phlfbegfg p`r rhtrfs` fb i`ltrftestf. Yh fpbeif phlfbegfg fb suphrves`r l` 2 f 6% le < 8%

f hjhit`s quhbfi`ltrftestf iubnelf `crf.

ghb n`lt` ghb i`ltrft` gh suphrveseùl.

Hl bf jhiaf gh bf iubnelfieùl gh bf `crf, hb rhseghlth fl`tfræ tfb ahia` hl hb iufghrl` gh `crfs y s`beietfræ bf rhihpieùl gh bf nesnf? sel phrkueie` gh rhs`bvhr i`ltrft`.

]hlfbegfghs ]hlfbegfg p`r n`rf

]hlfbegfg gefref >

=.6= x N`lt` vedhlth J x ]bfz` vedhlth hl gîfs

G`lgh J thlgræ b`s seduehlths vfb`rhs; f) ]bfz` ≧ := gîfs; J > =.7=.

c) ]bfz` < := gîfs; J > =.38 (I`lsubt`rîfs) J > =.68 (@crfs) @trfs phlfbegfghs Y`ckh h ptevfs, uhfs, ghlrfz`lfcbh stfcbhis,hri`ldruhlt phlfuhlths begfghshsy pr`p gestel`rie`lfbh tfs`lfbhs. f bf s.phlfbegfg p`r n`rf, sehnprh y iuflg` shfl `ckhtev rfzh`lfcbhs, i`ldr pr`p`rie ]frf frf hst hst`s hj hjhi hit` t`s, s, ghch ghchl l el elib ibue uerr b` b`ss supu supuhs hst` t`ss gh fpbe fpbeif ifie ieùl ùl gh phlfb hlfbeegfg, gfg, ges gestelt teltffs fb rhtr trffs` ` nhge gefl fltth hb n`rf, bf j`rnf gh iæbiub` gh bf phlfbegfg pf pfrrf ifg fgff supu supuhs hst` t` y hb prìhgenehlt` nh

iufb iu fb sh vhre vhreje jeif if hb su supuh puhst st` ` f ph phlf lfbebezf zfrr. Hstf Hstfss phlf phlfbe begf gfgh ghss sh if ifbi biub ubfl fl gh j`r `rnf nf el elgh ghph phlg lgeh ehl lth f bf ph phlf lfbe begf gfg g p` p`rr n` n`rrf.

Bequegfieùl ghb i`ltrft` gh`crf •

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Shihpie`lfgf @crf @crf ` ûbtenf ûbtenfi` i`ltr ltr`vh `vhrse rseff rhsuhbtf rhsuhbtfyy i`lshl i`lshltegf tegf;; I`ltrftest I`ltrftestff ;: = g.i .i.. ` 6/6= 6/ 6=pbf pbfz` z` vedhlt vedhlthh gh hkhiuieù hkhiuieùl l `crf (nf (nfy` y`r) r) prhshltf prhshltf su Bequegf Bequegfieùl ieùl.. Shihpie`lfgf bf `crf; `cr f; E /gh Y ;:bf=Bequegfi g.i. g.i.` ` 6/6= 6/eùl, 6=pbfz` vedhlth hkhiuieùl (nfy`r) `r) prhshl prhshltf tf sus su s iæb iæbiu iub`s b`s Bequ egfieùl , pbfz` hxibuy hxibuyhlg` hlg` b`sgh quh quh hstæl hstæl hl`crf (nfy i`ltr`vhrsef.

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Hltegfg;; : = g.i.]r`luliefrsh Hltegfg g.i.]r`luliefrsh (fpruhcf, (fpruhcf, `cshrvf, `cshrvf, afihluhvf)

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I`ltrftestf; 68 g.i.;Yh ]r`lulief / L` sh pr`lulief; i`lshltegf `fpr`c ` fpr`cfgf. fgf. L` fi`dhl `cshrvfie`lhs; `cshrvfie`lhs; 68 6 8 g.i. g.i. Nflejehstf hsiret` hsiret`++ 9=g.a. s`beietf I`liebefieùl/Frcetrfkh

Ghjhit`s ` veie`s ìubt`s ìubt`s ;i`liebefieùl ` frcetr frcetrfkh fkh / ghsgh ghs gh rhihpieùl afstf vhlienehlt` vhlienehl t` pbfz` rhsp`lsfcebegfg (shdûl I`ltrf I`ltrft`) t`) + 9 = g.a

Bequegfieùl ghb i`ltrft` gh`crf Shihpie`lfgf bf`crf y/` rhsuhbtf bf ûbtenf i`ltr`vhrsef

:= gi ` 6/6= ]bfz` vedhlth I`ltrftestf prhshltf bf bequegfieùl Y/E prhshltf f bf Hltegfg sus pr`pe`s iæbiub`s

:= gi ` 6/6= ]bfz` vedhlth Hltegfg sh pr`lulief fpr`cflg`, `cshrvflg` ` hbfc`rf `trf Bequegfieùl

68 gi

Iuflg` i`ltrftestf l` prhshltf, Hltegfg `rghlf fb E/Y hbfc`rfr bequegfieùl

:= gi ` 6/6= ]bfz` vedhlth

Bf pfrth quh l` fi`dh bfs `cshrvfie`lhs s`beietf frcetrfkh. i`liebefieùl ` frcetrfkh.

Ye hxesth `cshrvfie`lhs bfs pfrths shquhgf pr`luliefl, gh l` afihrb` fpr`cfgf y i`lshltegf.

hbfc`rfi`rrhsp`lgehlth bequegfieùl i`l hbE/Y susthlt`

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