ABAP Intreview Questions

Most frequently asked interview DIFFERENCES 1.sapscript and smartforms • • •

Sap script is client dependent and smart form is client independent. Sap script has Only 1 main window while smartforms has 99 main windows You can not print labels using smart forms

2.BDC and LSMW • • •

In BDC we have to take care of field mapping whereas field mapping is taken care by sap in lsmw. BDC is mostly used for customized data upload while LSMW is used for uploading Master data. In BDC we need to write large code but in LSMW small coding is needed.

3. BADI and BAPI • •

BADI is business add ins, it is used to customize the standard business flow BAPI is Business application programming interface. It is nothing but Remote enabled function module which can be called from outside the SAP System.

4.user exit and customer exit •

User exit is an include program given by SAP in that you can write your code , It needs Access key from SAP while key is not required in case of customer exit

5. Select single and select up to one row •

Select single will fetch only one record while select up to n row. Will fetch n rows from database

6. Normal (Classical) report and ALV report • •

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To display the output in classical report you use WRITE Statement. To display the output in ALV we have different function modules and class like REUSE_ALV_GRID_DISPLAY , REUSE_ALV_LIST_DISPLAY and CL_SALV_TABLE. If you run the classical report in background after JOB finished you can see it’s output which stored in spool, While in case of ALV you need code extra to store the output as it will not generate the spool.

7. ALV list display and ALV grid display •

You cannot retrieve the output for the report which is displayed using ALV GRID Display.As spool Request will not be created for the same. While in case of list display Report out put will be there in spool request.

8. Classical and drill down report • • •

In classical report user cannot interact with report whereas in drill down report user can interact with report. Drill down facility is not provided in classical report while in drill down it is provided. If they ask you in detail then tell the interviewer that interact with the report means in drill down report we have one basic list and 20 secondary lists so we can directly go to 5th list or 10th list as per our requirement similarly we can come back to any list. Drill down means showing data in basic list first and when we double click on any field we get summarized list. NOTE:- to go to next list in drill down report use following syntax SY-LSIND = < list number> example: to go to 15th list SY-LSIND = 15 to come to 5th list from 15th list use F3 KEY OR PRESS BACK BUTTON

9. BAPI and RFC function module • •

BAPI is nothing but remote enabled function module BAPI is provided as a method of business objects

10.sap 4.7 and ECC 6.0 • •

SAP 4.7 is based on Web AS ECC 6.0 is based of Netweaver 7.0.

11. get cursor and hide in interactive report • •

Get cursor will provide the location cursor position in the report While hide is use to pass the data from basic list to secondary list

12.normal function module and RFC •

You cannot call normal function module from outside the current system while RFC function module can be called from outside the SAP system.

13. Subroutine and function modules. • •

Subroutine is local to the program while function module is global. To call subroutine from outside its main program you need to write its main program name in the bracket

14.At selection screen and At selection screen output. • •

At selection screen output is called first All dynamic commands and screen modification is done in AT selection screen output.

15.direct input and batch input

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The basic difference is validation is not done in direct input by pre defined function while in batch input it is coved.

16.synchronous and asynchronous in BDC •

Synchronous mode will wait until the BDC session gets over while asynchronous mode will not wait for that

17.at selection screen and at selection on field name • •

At selection screen is used to validate the whole screen elements while at selection field is used to validate the particular field. When you display the error message in at selection on field the focus will be on that particular field while in case of At selection screen the focus will not be on any particular field.

18. PBO and PAI event in module pool • •

Process Before Output and Process after input. PBO will be called before the screen is displayed to the user while process after input is called once user interact with screen.

19. Stop , check and exit • • •

If you use the STOP statement within an event block, the system stops processing the block Immediately. If you use the EXIT statement within an event block but not in a loop, the system stops Processing the block immediately If you use the CHECK statement within an event block but not within a loop, and the Condition is not fulfilled, the system exits the processing block immediately. can be any logical expression or the name of a selection table. If you specify a selection table and the contents of the corresponding table work are do.

20.free and refresh in internal table • •

You can use FREE to initialize an internal table (along with header line ) and release its memory space. REFRESH will only initialize an internal table (along with header line)

21.clear and delete. •

The major difference is clear is used with internal table while delete is used with database table.

22. collect and sum •

COLLECT INTO . The statement first checks whether the internal table contains an entry with the same key. If not, it acts like INSERT. If there is already a table entry with the same key, COLLECT does not insert a

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new line. Instead, it adds the values from the numeric fields of the work area to the values in the corresponding fields of the existing table entry. SUM. Can only be used in loops through internal tables. Calculates the sums of the numeric fields in all lines of the current control level and writes the results to the corresponding fields in the work area.

23. call transaction and session method • •

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Call transaction is Synchronous Processing while session (classical) method is Asynchronous Processing In call transaction we can update the database both synchronously and asynchronously. We can specify the mode in the program. While in session method it is Synchronous Database update. In call transaction No batch input processing log is maintained while in session method details log is maintained. Call Transaction method is faster than the session method.

24. at first and at last control break event •

As the name suggest AT FIRST executed for the first time while AT LAST executed in last.

25. Enhancement point and Enhancement Section •

Both the enhancement-point and section are available for you to change standard SAP code. Difference is in fact that you use Enhancement-point to add ABAP code to standard SAP and enhancement-section to replace/extend standard SAP code.

26.end of page and top of page • •

Top of page trigger when report encounter the first write, skip or new-line statements. End of page trigger when page size is over or report display gets over.

27. Table and structure •

Table has physical definition into the underline database while structure does exist physically in the data base.

28. Table and views •

Table has data in it while view does not contain data in it. Both exist in the data base. When you run the view it queries the database and gives the respective data.

29. Inner joins and for all entries

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Inner join joins the table at database level whereas For..All..Entries join the table at application level. In For..All..Entries when the condition gets satisfied data is fetched in one single shot from database table whereas in inner join data is fetched iteration by iteration It is always good programming practice to join tables at application level because if we join tables at database level then there might be performance issue

30. Transparent table pool table and cluster table •

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Transparent Table: Exists with the same structure both in the dictionary and database exactly with same data and fields. It stores transaction data. It has one to one Relation with the database table. Pool tables: These are logical tables must be assigned to a table pool when they are defined. It is use to store control data. its many to one relation table Clustered tables: these also logical tables and must be assigned to table cluster when they are defined. It’s also used to store control data, temporary data or text ex., documentation. It’s also many to one relation table.

31. Top of page and top of page during line selection •

Top of page is triggered for the basic list while top of page at line selection triggers at secondary list.

32. Start_form and End_form in sap script •

start_form function module is called if we want to use different forms with similar characteristics in a single spool request ,it must be closed by END_FORM function module

33. open dataset and close dataset •

Open dataset is use to read / write file into application server while close dataset is use to close that file.

34. data element and domains •

Domain gives technical details like length , decimal etc..while data elements gives description and business details

35. set screen and call screen •

Set screen sets the next screen value and temporarily overrides the next screen value in screen attribute. While call screen jumps to the screen specified in .

36. Internal Session and External Session

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External session is nothing but the window you have opened in your screen .By Default you can open 6 external sessions( 6 windows = you can increase it via basis’s setting). Internal session is created when you call any Functional module or any other task in your program. counts for internal sessions are 9.

37. Elementary and collective search help •

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An Elementary Search help defines the flow of a standard input help. It is composed of a selection method that defines where to get the data that will make up the hit list. An interface consisting of search help parameters that define the exchange of data between the screen and the selection method and a dialog type that controls how the hit list will be displayed. A Collective Search help is a combination of several elementary search helps giving the user a different search paths. The interface parameters of the elementary search help are assigned to the parameters of the collective search.

38. What is the difference between Clustered Tables and Pooled Tables? •

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A pooled table is used to combine several logical tables in the ABAP/4 dictionary. Pooled tables are logical tables that must be assigned to a table pool when they are defined. Cluster table are logical tables that must be assigned to a table cluster when they are defined. Cluster table can be used to store control data they can also used to store temporary data or text such as documentation.

39. user exits and customer exit. •

User exit is sap defined includes so to modify it we need key from SAP. While customer exit like function exit, screen exit we don’t need any key.

40. sap script smart forms and adobe forms • • • •

Sap script is client dependent whereas smartform is client independent. Main window is compulsory in scripts whereas main window not compulsory in form. Smart form output can be seen in web while in scripts it is not possible. smart form generates function module while scripts dont generate function module.

41. Screen and sub screens in module pool. •

Screen has it’s own gui status while sub screen does not have any gui status. Sub screens are part of main screen.

42. Standard table and hashed tables.

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Standard table can be accessed by key as well as index while you can only access hashed tables by specifying the key. The system has its own hash algorithm for managing the table.

Accenture SAP ABAP Interview Questions 1. What are events of Internal Table? 2. What is screen Internal table? 3. How to call a driver program in scripts ? 4. How field properties are set with * for password ? 5. What would be the output by writing something in end-of-selection event without writing anything in start-of-selection event ? 6. What are events in Classical Reports ? 7. Define where data: ……. Is global and where it is local ? 8. How the dialog programming for screen displays ? 9. What are Validations of Screen ? 10. Brief about EDI setup ? 11. What are Text Elements ? 12. What is Logical Unit of Work ? 13. What is difference between Index and Primary Key ? 14. What are SET / GET parameters ? 15. What are Import / Export Statements ? 16. Configuration of ALE & what are transaction codes involved in it ? 17. Can we use End-of-selection before Start-of-selection ? 18. How do we call one report from within another report ? 19. What is transaction code for CMOD ? 20. What is field-exit ? 21. How do we find the prog’s for which we will have to do Enhancements ? 22. Explain about the window and page-window ? 23. What is LSMW ? 24. How many methods are involved in LSMW ? 25. What are the steps involved in LSMW ? 26. What is RSBDCSUB ? 27. What is database buffering ? 28. Difference between update and modify commands ? 29. Where do we execute the session in session methods ? 30. What are the functions used in session method ? 31. What do we do in the BDC_Write_group function ? 32. How do we find a specific function module ? 33. How do we send a report to a printer ? 34. In Call Transactions where do we store Error messages ? 35. How do you fix errors in LSMW ? 36. What are the events that occur in Module Pool programming ? 37. How does the transfer of Idoc’s takes place ? 38. How do you enter data in the session method ?

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How do we retrieve only 5 rows from the database ? What are the steps to create Ztable ? Why do we have a domain and dataelement ? What is difference between Submit and Return ? What are types of Error Messages ? What are external events in report programming ? What is difference between a View and a Structure ? What are componenets of Script ? What are componenets of Layout set? What are lock objects ? What are data dictionary objects ? What are the events that occur in Module Pool programs ? What are events in Interactive Reports ? Explain about Hide Technique ? What is a function-group ? What are field-symbols ? What are different types of symbols used in SAP SCRIPTS ? Where do we find the print program for the existing SAP SCRIPTS ? What is the difference between Clear, Free and Refresh ? What is the default heading for basic list and the secondary list ? When exactly end-of-page will fire ? Steps for module pool prg? What are all database objects? What are lock objects ? how do you lock a field in database table? What are search helps? What are types of BDC? Syntax for call transaction? How do handle messages in call transactions? What are different methods in LSMW? What are IDOCS? What are Function Modules ? How do you handle errors ? What are events in Module Pool? Components of Layout Set? Sap scripts for MM ? what is driver prg for medruck? What is a structure ? why do you use them? Types of tables ? what is transperant tables / Diiference between session & call transaction ?

SAP ABAP Technical Questions ( Data Dictonary ) 1. 2. 3. 4.

What is data Dictionary? What is the difference between open sql & native sql ? Difference between Pooled, cluster & transparent tables? What is Primary key, foreign key ? what is primary index?

5. secondary index? 6. how many indexes can be created for a table? 7. what is a value table? 8. what are the components of a table? 9. what is a domain? 10.what is a data element? 11.what is data class? 12.can you create a table with out a data element? 13.can you create a field with out a data element? 14.What approach you prefer for creating a table? 15.Give few names of cluster tables in sap? 16.Give few names of pooled tables in sap? 17.give few names of transparent tables? 18.what is a buffer and how many types? 19.what is table maintenance generator and how to create that? 20.What is the transaction code? How to add new fields to a standard sap table ? 21.How many types of table joins are there? difference between inner join & outer join? 22.Difference between “select * from mara” and “select single * from mara”? 23.what is a match code ? Lock objects ? what are views? 24.what are logical tables/database? 25.what is the difference bet’n table and a structure? 1. What is an ABAP data dictionary?- ABAP 4 data dictionary describes the logical structures of the objects used in application development and shows how they are mapped to the underlying relational database in tables/views. 2. What are domains and data element?- Domains: Domain is the central object for describing the technical characteristics of an attribute of an business objects. It describes the value range of the field. Data Element: It is used to describe the semantic definition of the table fields like description the field. Data element describes how a field can be displayed to end-user. 3. What is foreign key relationship?- A relationship which can be defined between tables and must be explicitly defined at field level. Foreign keys are used to ensure the consistency of data. Data entered should be checked against existing data to ensure that there is no contradiction. While defining foreign key relationship cardinality has to be specified. Cardinality mentions how many dependent records or how referenced records are possible. 4. Describe data classes.- Master data: It is the data which is seldom changed. Transaction data: It is the data which is often changed. Organization data: It is a customizing data which is entered in the system when the system is configured and is then rarely changed. System data: It is the data which R/3 system needs for itself. 5. What are indexes?- Indexes are described as a copy of a database table reduced to specific fields. This data exists in sorted form. This sorting form eases fast access to the field of the tables. In order that other fields are also read, a pointer to the associated record of the actual table is included in the index. The indexes are activated along with the table and are created automatically with it in the database.

6. Difference between transparent tables and pooled tables.Transparent tables: Transparent tables in the dictionary has a one-to-one relation with the table in database. Its structure corresponds to single database field. Table in the database has the same name as in the dictionary. Transparent table holds application data. Pooled tables. Pooled tables in the dictionary has a many-to-one relation with the table in database. Table in the database has the different name as in the dictionary. Pooled table are stored in table pool at the database level. 7. What is an ABAP/4 Query?- ABAP/4 Query is a powerful tool to generate simple reports without any coding. ABAP/4 Query can generate the following 3 simple reports: Basic List: It is the simple reports. Statistics: Reports with statistical functions like Average, Percentages. Ranked Lists: For analytical reports. - For creating a ABAP/4 Query, programmer has to create user group and a functional group. Functional group can be created using with or without logical database table. Finally, assign user group to functional group. Finally, create a query on the functional group generated. 8. What is BDC programming?- Transferring of large/external/legacy data into SAP system using Batch Input programming. Batch input is a automatic procedure referred to as BDC(Batch Data Communications).The central component of the transfer is a queue file which receives the data vie a batch input programs and groups associated data into “sessions”. 9. What are the functional modules used in sequence in BDC?- These are the 3 functional modules which are used in a sequence to perform a data transfer successfully using BDC programming: BDC_OPEN_GROUP - Parameters like Name of the client, sessions and user name are specified in this functional modules. BDC_INSERT - It is used to insert the data for one transaction into a session. BDC_CLOSE_GROUP - This is used to close the batch input session. 10. What are internal tables?- Internal tables are a standard data type object which exists only during the runtime of the program. They are used to perform table calculations on subsets of database tables and for re-organising the contents of database tables according to users need. 11. What is ITS? What are the merits of ITS?- ITS is a Internet Transaction Server. ITS forms an interface between HTTP server and R/3 system, which converts screen provided data by the R/3 system into HTML documents and viceversa. Merits of ITS: A complete web transaction can be developed and tested in R/3 system. All transaction components, including those used by the ITS outside the R/3 system at runtime, can be stored in the R/3 system. The advantage of automatic language processing in the R/3 system can be utilized to languagedependent HTML documents at runtime. 12. What is DynPro?- DynPro is a Dynamic Programming which is a combination of screen and the associated flow logic Screen is also called as DynPro. 13. What are screen painter and menu painter?- Screen painter: Screen painter is a tool to design and maintain screen and its elements. It allows user to create GUI screens for the transactions. Attributes, layout, filed attributes and flow logic are the elements of Screen painter. Menu painter: Menu painter is a tool to design the interface components. Status, menu bars, menu lists, F-key settings, functions and titles are the components of Menu painters. Screen painter and menu painter both are the graphical interface of an ABAP/4 applications. 14. What are the components of SAP scripts?- SAP scripts is a word processing tool of SAP which has the following components: Standard text. It is like

a standard normal documents. Layout sets. - Layout set consists of the following components: Windows and pages, Paragraph formats, Character formats. Creating forms in the R/3 system. Every layout set consists of Header, paragraph, and character string. ABAP/4 program. 15. What is ALV programming in ABAP? When is this grid used in ABAP? ALV is ABAP List viewer. Sap provides a set of ALV (ABAP LIST VIEWER) function modules which can be put into use to embellish the output of a report. This set of ALV functions is used to enhance the readability and functionality of any report output. Cases arise in sap when the output of a report contains columns extending more than 255 characters in length. In such cases, this set of ALV functions can help choose selected columns and arrange the different columns from a report output and also save different variants for report display. This is a very efficient tool for dynamically sorting and arranging the columns from a report output. The report output can contain up to 90 columns in the display with the wide array of display options. 16. What are the events in ABAP/4 language?- Initialization, At selectionscreen, Start-of-selection, end-of-selection, top-of-page, end-of-page, At lineselection, At user-command, At PF, Get, At New, At LAST, AT END, AT FIRST. 17. What is CTS and what do you know about it?- The Change and Transport System (CTS) is a tool that helps you to organize development projects in the ABAP Workbench and in Customizing, and then transport the changes between the SAP Systems and clients in your system landscape. This documentation provides you with an overview of how to manage changes with the CTS and essential information on setting up your system and client landscape and deciding on a transport strategy. Read and follow this documentation when planning your development project. 18. What are logical databases? What are the advantages/ disadvantages of logical databases?- To read data from a database tables we use logical database. A logical database provides read-only access to a group of related tables to an ABAP/4 program. Advantages: i) check functions which check that user input is complete, correct, and plausible. ii) Meaningful data selection. iii) Central authorization checks for database accesses. iv) Good read access performance while retaining the hierarchical data view determined by the application logic. dis advantages: i)If you do not specify a logical database in the program attributes, the GET events never occur. ii) There is no ENDGET command, so the code block associated with an event ends with the next event statement (such as another GET or an END-OF-SELECTION). 19. What is a batch input session?- BATCH INPUT SESSION is an intermediate step between internal table and database table. Data along with the action is stored in session ie data for screen fields, to which screen it is passed, program name behind it, and how next screen is processed. 20. How to upload data using CATT ?- These are the steps to be followed to Upload data through CATT: Creation of the CATT test case & recording the sample data input. Download of the source file template. Modification of the source file. Upload of the data from the source file. 21. What is Smart Forms?- Smart Forms allows you to create forms using a graphical design tool with robust functionality, color, and more. Additionally, all new forms developed at SAP will be created with the new Smart Form solution. 22. How can I make a differentiation between dependent and independent data? - Client dependent or independent transfer requirements

include client specific or cross client objects in the change requests. Workbench objects like SAP scripts are client specific, some entries in customizing are client independent. If you display the object list for one change request, and then for each object the object attributes, you will find the flag client specific. If one object in the task list has this flag on, then that transport will be client dependent. 23. What is the difference between macro and subroutine? - Macros can only be used in the program the are defined in and only after the definition are expanded at compilation / generation. Subroutines (FORM) can be called from both the program the are defined in and other programs. A MACRO is more or less an abbreviation for some lines of code that are used more than once or twice. A FORM is a local subroutine (which can be called external). A FUNCTION is (more or less) a subroutine that is called external. Since debugging a MACRO is not really possible, prevent the use of them (I’ve never used them, but seen them in action). If the subroutine is used only local (called internal) use a FORM. If the subroutine is called external (used by more than one program) use a FUNCTION. 24. What is a breakpoint? Breakpoint is used to help the user scrutinize how the system behaves at a certain point in the ABAP code. At that point the system goes into debug mode. This breakpoint is useful in investigating how routines and requirements function. By accessing the routine source code and setting a breakpoint at its execution point, a user can follow the routine through each step. What is a CATT ? CATT means Computer Aided Test Tool. It is SAP's tool for processing transactions automatically. CATT is used in bringing in data, such as a mass maintenance of the material master in EXCEL, from an application to modify master data. What is a user exit ? User exit is a point in an SAP program at which a customer's own program can be called. User exits allow developers to access program components and data objects in the standard system. There are two types of user exits user exits that use includes (customer enhancements that are called from the program) and user exits that use tables, which are used and managed directly via customizing. What is a client ? Client in a SAP work environment is the highest organizational structure. Many clients can be found in each system. QA (quality analysis) and Development are clients in Training and Production system. What is an authorization ? Authorization gives an SAP user permission to perform a given set of transactions. Who is a user ? Anyone who is given access to the SAP system by the system (basis) administrator is known as a user.

What is a variant ? When executing a program, different selection parameters may be used. These selection parameters are stored in the SAP system as variants. What is a SQL trace ? SQL trace records all open, prepare, fetch, execute and actual SQL statements and the duration time for each step in a procedure. What is master data ? Master data is used in an SAP system to represent the basic components of a procedure and to ensure data integrity throughout the SAP business process. This gaurantees that one common record is accessed for different procedures. Example - a customer master record may be referenced by more than one functional module : FI (financial) and SD (sales and distribution). 33. What is the IMG ? IMG is Implementation Guide that SAP system developers use to customize the client they are working in. 34. What is ASAP ? ASAP is Accelerated SAP, a project management software tool that is used on SAP implementations to guide the project through different phases. ASAP can take a project from the designing of the "blueprint" through to "going live". Accelerated SAP is SAP’s total process-oriented solution for accelerated implementation and continuous optimization of R/3. 35. What are the core modules of SAP ? The core functional modules in SAP R/3 are Financial Accounting (FI) usually in combination with Controlling (CO) or Treasury (TR) - Human Resources (HR), and logistic modules : Sales and Distribution (SD), Materials Management (MM), Quality Management (QM), Plant Maintenance (PM), and Production Planning (PP). 36. What is the ABAP Workbench? ABAP Workbench is SAP's graphical programming environment. It is used to write ABAP code, design screens, create user interfaces, obtain database information, debug and test applications for effeciency. 37. In the SD document, what are the three levels of a sales document? Each sales document comprises of three main levels and each level is represented by a table that holds the data for that level. Data for the header level is stored in table VBAK, data for the item levels is stored in table VBAP, and data for the schedule line level is stored in table VBEP. 38. What is a user profile? User profile is a set of authorizations that enable user access to certain parts of the SAP system. 39. What is a sales area ? Sales area is a segment that combines the sales organization, the distribution channel, and the sales division. 40. What is a logical database ? Logical database is an ABAP program that combines the contents of database tables. It is linked to an ABAP report program as one of the program attributes. It supplies the report program with a set of hierarchically structured table entires derived from different database tables. This saves the developer from having to program the data retrieval.

41. What is a requirement ? Requirement is a portion of code that is used to determine if a function or formula should be executed. 42. What is an ABAP Query ? ABAP Query is a reporting tool that uses a logical database (LDB), individual table, or combined tables to form a report. 43. What is a functional area ? Functional area is assigned to the query. It is the representation of a logical database or tables with their respective table joins. This defines which tables and fields the query can reference. 44. What is a batch input ? Batch input facility in SAP is a convenient tool for capturing data into SAP or updating large amounts of information in SAP transactions. The simplest way to utilize batch input is by : 1) Record the batch input for the transaction used to enter the data in SAP; 2) Then export the batch input recording to a text file. From the recording, you know what data is required. Create a spreadsheet or word processor document containing all the data to be captured or changed. Then mail merge the exported text file with the data in a word processing program. Finally, import the merged file, upload the file into SAP, and execute the batch input in SAP. 45. What is LIS ? LIS is Logistics Information System. LIS consists of following information systems Sales Information System Purchasing Information System Inventory Controlling Shop Floor Information System Plant Maintenance Information System Quality Management Information System These information systems can be used to plan, control, and monitor business events at different stages in the decision-making process. They are flexible tools for collecting, aggregating, and analyzing data from the operative applications. 46. What is OSS ? OSS is an Online Service System which can be used to access information about a module in a given release. OSS is a database of notes on known issues and their remedies. Any user with a logon name and password can access this information. OSS can be used to obtain quick responses from the SAP help desk representatives, administration and registration of new users. 47. What is an SAP GUI ? GUI means Graphical User Interface. It is responsible for the graphical layout of the SAP software. GUIs in SAP R/3 differ from version to version of SAP. 48. What is the typical structure of an ABAP/4 program? ANS:HEADER ,BODY,FOOTER. 49. What are field symbols and field groups.? Have you used "component idx of structure" clause with field groups? ANS:Field symbols:- Field groups :50. What should be the approach for writing a BDC program? ANS:STEP 1: CONVERTING THE LEGACY SYSTEM DATA TO A FLAT FILE to internal table

CALLED "CONVERSION". STEP 2: TRANSFERING THE FLAT FILE INTO SAP SYSTEM CALLED "SAP DATA TRANSFER". STEP 3: DEPENDING UPON THE BDC TYPE i)call transaction(Write the program explicity) ii) create sessions (sessions are created and processed.if success data will transfer). 51. What is a batch input session? ANS:BATCH INPUT SESSION is an intermediate step between internal table and database table. Data along with the action is stored in session ie data for screen fields, to which screen it is passed,program name behind it, and how next screen is processed. 52. What is the alternative to batch input session? ANS:Call transaction. 53. A situation: An ABAP program creates a batch input session. We need to submit the program and the batch session in back ground. How to do it? ANS:go to SM36 and create background job by giving job name,job class and job steps (JOB SCHEDULING) 54. What are the problems in processing batch input sessions? How is batch input process different from processing online? ANS:PROBLEMS:i) If the user forgets to opt for keep session then the session will be automatically removed from the session queue(log remains). However if session is processed we may delete it manually. ii)if session processing fails data will not be transferred to SAP database table. 55. What are the different types of data dictionary objects? ans:tables, structures, views, domains, data elements, lock objects, Matchcode objects. 56. How many types of tables exists and what are they in data dictionary? ans :4 types of tables i)Transparent tables - Exists with the same structure both in dictionary as well as in database exactly with the same data and fields. Both Opensql and Nativesql can be used. ii)Pool tables & iii)Cluster tables These are logical tables that are arranged as records of transparent tables.one cannot use native sql on these tables (only opensql).They are not managable directly using database system tools. 57. iv)Internal tables - . 58. What is the step by step process to create a table in data dictionary?

ans:step 1: creating domains(data type,field length,range). step 2: creating data elements(properties and type for a table field). step 3: creating tables(SE11). 59. Can a transparent table exist in data dictionary but not in the data base physically? ANS:- NO. TRANSPARENT TABLE DO EXIST WITH THE SAME STRUCTURE BOTH IN THE DICTIONARY AS WELL AS IN THE DATABASE,EXACTLY WITH THE SAME DATA AND FIELDS. 60. What are the domains and data elements? ANS:DOMAINS : FORMAL DEFINITION OF THE DATA TYPES.THEY SET ATTRIBUTES SUCH AS DATA TYPE,LENGTH,RANGE. DATA ELEMENT : A FIELD IN R/3 SYSTEM IS A DATA ELEMENT. 61. Can you create a table with fields not referring to data elements? ANS:YES. eg:- ITAB LIKE SPFLI.here we are referening to a data object(SPFLI) not data element. 62. What is the advantage of structures? How do you use them in the ABAP programs? ANS:Adv:- GLOBAL EXISTANCE(these could be used by any other program without creating it again). 63. What does an extract statement do in the ABAP program? ANS:Once you have declared the possible record types as field groups and defined their structure, you can fill the extract dataset using the following statements: EXTRACT . When the first EXTRACT statement occurs in a program, the system creates the extract dataset and adds the first extract record to it. In each subsequent EXTRACT statement, the new extract record is added to the dataset EXTRACT HEADER. When you extract the data, the record is filled with the current values of the corresponding fields. As soon as the system has processed the first EXTRACT statement for a field group , the structure of the corresponding extract record in the extract dataset is fixed. You can no longer insert new fields into the field groups and HEADER. If you try to modify one of the field groups afterwards and use it in another EXTRACT statement, a runtime error occurs. By processing EXTRACT statements several times using different field groups, you fill the extract dataset with records of different length and structure. Since you can modify field groups dynamically up to their first usage in an EXTRACT statement, extract datasets provide the advantage that you need not determine the structure at the beginning of the program.

64. What is a collect statement? How is it different from append? ANS:If an entry with the same key already exists, the COLLECT statement does not append a new line, but adds the contents of the numeric fields in the work area to the contents of the numeric fields in the existing entry. 65. What is open sql vs native sql? ANS:Open SQL , native SQL are the interfaces to create the database applicatons. Open SQL is consistant across different types of existing Databases. Native SQL is the database language specific to database.Its API is specific to the databse. Open SQL API is consistent across all vendors 66. What does an EXEC SQL stmt do in ABAP? What is the disadvantage of using it? ANS:67. What is the meaning of ABAP/4 editor integrated with ABAP/4 data dictionary? ANS:68. What are the events in ABAP/4 language? ANS:Initialization, At selection-screen,Start-of-selection,end-of-selection,top-ofpage,end-of-page, At line-selection,At user-command,At PF,Get,At New,At LAST,AT END, AT FIRST. 69. What is an interactive report? What is the obvious diff of such report compared with classical type reports? ANS:An Interactive report is a dynamic drill down report that produces the list on users choice. diff:a) THE LIST PRODUCED BY CLASSICAL REPORT DOESN'T allow user to interact with the system the list produced by interactive report allows the user to interact with the system. b) ONCE A CLASSICAL REPORT EXECUTED USER LOOSES CONTROL.IR USER HAS CONTROL. c) IN CLASSICAL REPORT DRILLING IS NOT POSSIBLE.IN INTERACTIVE DRILLING IS POSSIBLE. 70. What is a drill down report? ANS:Its an Interactive report where in the user can get more relavent data by selecting explicitly. 71. How do you write a function module in SAP? describe. ANS:creating function module:called program - se37-creating funcgrp,funcmodule by assigning attributes,importing,exporting,tables,exceptions. calling program - SE38-in pgm click pattern and write function name- provide export,import,tables,exception values.

72. What are the exceptions in function module? ANS:COMMUNICATION_FAILURE SYSTEM_FAILURE 73. What is a function group? ANS:GROUP OF ALL RELATED FUNCTIONS. 74. How are the date and time field values stored in SAP? ANS:DD.MM.YYYY. HH:MM:SS 75. Name a few data dictionary objects? //rep// ANS:TABLES,VIEWS,STRUCTURES,LOCK OBJECTS,MATCHCODE OBJECTS. 76. What happens when a table is activated in DD? ANS:It is available for any insertion,modification and updation of records by any user. 77. What is a check table and what is a value table? Check table will be at field level checking. Value table will be at domain level checking ex: scarr table is check table for carrid. 78. What are match codes? describe? ans:It is a similar to table index that gives list of possible values for either primary keys or non-primary keys. 79. What transactions do you use for data analysis? ANS:80. What is table maintenance generator? ANS:81. What are ranges? What are number ranges? ANS:max,min values provided in selection screens. 82. What are select options and what is the diff from parameters? ANS:select options provide ranges where as parameters do not. SELECT-OPTIONS declares an internal table which is automatically filled with values or ranges of values entered by the end user. For each SELECT-OPTIONS , the system creates a selection table. SELECT-OPTIONS FOR .

A selection table is an internal table with fields SIGN, OPTION, LOW and HIGH. The type of LOW and HIGH is the same as that of . The SIGN field can take the following values: I Inclusive (should apply) E Exclusive (should not apply) The OPTION field can take the following values: EQ Equal GT Greater than NE Not equal BT Between LE Less than or equal NB Not between LT Less than CP Contains pattern GE Greater than or equal NP No pattern. diff:PARAMETERS allow users to enter a single value into an internal field within a report. SELECT-OPTIONS allow users to fill an internal table with a range of values. For each PARAMETERS or SELECT-OPTIONS statement you should define text elements by choosing Goto - Text elements - Selection texts - Change. Eg:- Parameters name(30). when the user executes the ABAP/4 program,an input field for 'name' will appear on the selection screen.You can change the comments on the left side of the input fields by using text elements as described in Selection Texts. 83. How do you validate the selection criteria of a report? And how do you display initial values in a selection screen? ANS:validate :- by using match code objects. display :- Parameters default 'xxx'. select-options for spfli-carrid. 84. What are selection texts? 85. What is CTS and what do you know about it? 86. The Change and Transport System (CTS) is a tool that helps you to organize development projects in the ABAP Workbench and in Customizing, and then transport the changes between the SAP Systems and clients in your system landscape. This documentation provides you with an overview of how to manage changes with the CTS and essential information on setting up your system and client landscape and deciding on a transport strategy. Read and follow this documentation when planning your development project. For practical information on working with the Change and Transport System, see Change and Transport Organizer and Transport Management System. 87. When a program is created and need to be transported to prodn does selection texts always go with it? if not how do you make sure? Can you change the CTS entries? How do you do it? ANS:-

88. What is the client concept in SAP? What is the meaning of client independent? ANS:89. Are programs client dependent? ANS:Yes.Group of users can access these programs with a client no. 90. Name a few system global variables you can use in ABAP programs? ANS:SY-SUBRC,SY-DBCNT,SY-LILLI,SY-DATUM,SY-UZEIT,SY-UCOMM,SY-TABIX..... SY-LILLI IS ABSOLUTE NO OF LINES FROM WHICH THE EVENT WAS TRIGGERED. 91. What are internal tables? How do you get the number of lines in an internal table? How to use a specific number occurs statement? ANS:i)It is a standard data type object which exists only during the runtime of the program. They are used to perform table calculations on subsets of database tables and for re-organising the contents of database tables according to users need. ii)using SY-DBCNT. iii)The number of memory allocations the system need to allocate for the next record population. 92. How do you take care of performance issues in your ABAP programs? Performance of ABAPs can be improved by minimizing the amount of data to be transferred. The data set must be transferred through the network to the applications, so reducing the amount OF time and also reduces the network traffic. Some measures that can be taken are: Use views defined in the ABAP/4 DDIC (also has the advantage of better reusability). - Use field list (SELECT clause) rather than SELECT *. - Range tables should be avoided (IN operator) - Avoid nested SELECTS. i)system tools ii)field symbols and field groups. ans:Field Symbols : Field symbols are placeholders for existing fields. A Field Symbol does not physically reserve space for a field,but points to a field which is not known until runtime of the program. eg:- FIELD-SYMBOL []. Field groups : A field group combines several fields under one name.At runtime,the INSERT command is used to define which data fields are assigned to which field group. There should always be a HEADER field group that defines how the extracted data will be sorted,the data is sorted by the fields grouped under the HEADER field group.

93. What are datasets? ANS:The sequential files(ON APPLICATION SERVER) are called datasets. They are used for file handling in SAP. 94. How to find the return code of a statement in ABAP programs? ANS:Using function modules. 95. What are interface/conversion programs in SAP? ANS : CONVERSION : LEGACY SYSTEM TO FLAT FILE. INTERFACE : FLAT FILE TO SAP SYSTEM. 96. Have you used SAP supplied programs to load master data? 97. What are the techniques involved in using SAP supplied programs? Do you prefer to write your own programs to load master data? Why? 98. What are logical databases? What are the advantages/disadvantages of logical databases? ANS:To read data from a database tables we use logical database. A logical database provides read-only access to a group of related tables to an ABAP/4 program. advantages:The programmer need not worry about the primary key for each table.Because Logical database knows how the different tables relate to each other,and can issue the SELECT command with proper where clause to retrieve the data. i)An easy-to-use standard user interface. ii)check functions which check that user input is complete,correct,and plausible. iii)meaningful data selection. iv)central authorization checks for database accesses. v)good read access performance while retaining the hierarchical data view determined by the application logic. disadvantages:i)If you donot specify a logical database in the program attributes,the GET events never occur. ii)There is no ENDGET command,so the code block associated with an event ends with the next event statement (such as another GET or an END-OF-SELECTION). 99. What specific statements do you using when writing a drill down report? ans:AT LINE-SELECTION,AT USER-COMMAND,AT PF. 100. What are different tools to report data in SAP? What all have you used? ans:101. What are the advantages and disadvantages of ABAP/4 query tool? 102. What are the functional areas? User groups? and how does ABAP/4 query work in relation to these?

103. Is a logical database a requirement/must to write an ABAP/4 query? 104. What are Change header/detail tables? Have you used them? 105. What do you do when the system crashes in the middle of a BDC batch session? ans:we will look into the error log file (SM35). 106. What do you do with errors in BDC batch sessions? ANS:We look into the list of incorrect session and process it again. To correct incorrect session we analyize the session to determine which screen and value produced the error.For small errors in data we correct them interactively otherwise modify batch input program that has generated the session or many times even the datafile. 107. How do you set up background jobs in SAP? What are the steps? What are the event driven batch jobs? ans:go to SM36 and create background job by giving job name,job class and job steps(JOB SCHEDULING) 108. Is it possible to run host command from SAP environment? How do you run? 109. What kind of financial periods exist in SAP? What is the relavent table for that? 110. Does SAP handle multiple currencies? Multiple languages? ans:-Yes. 111. What is a currency factoring technique? 112. How do you document ABAP/4 programs? Do you use program documentation menu option? 113. What is SAPscript and layout set? ans:The tool which is used to create layout set is called SAPscript. Layout set is a design document. 114. What are the ABAP/4 commands that link to a layout set? ans:control commands,system commands, 115. What is output determination? 116. What are IDOCs? ans:IDOCs are intermediate documents to hold the messages as a container. 117. What are screen painter? menu painter? Gui status? ..etc. ans:dynpro - flow logic + screens. menu painter GUI Status - It is subset of the interface elements(title bar,menu bar,standard tool bar,push buttons) used for a certain screen.

The status comprises those elements that are currently needed by the transaction. 118.What are screen painter? menu painter? Gui status? ans:dynpro - flow logic + screens. menu painter GUI Status - It is subset of the interface elements(title bar,menu bar,standard tool bar,push buttons) used for a certain screen. The status comprises those elements that are currently needed by the transaction. 119. What is screen flow logic? What are the sections in it? Explain PAI and PBO. ans:The control statements that control the screen flow. PBO - This event is triggered before the screen is displayed. PAI - This event is responsible for processing of screen after the user enters the data and clicks the pushbutton. 120. Overall how do you write transaction programs in SAP? ans:Create program-SE93-create transcode-Run it from command field. 121. Does SAP has a GUI screen painter or not? If yes what operating systems is it available on? What is the other type of screen painter called? 122. What are step loops? How do you program pagedown pageup in step loops? ans:step loops are repeated blocks of field in a screen. 123. Is ABAP a GUI language? ANS:Yes. ABAP IS AN EVENT DRIVEN LANGUAGE. 124. Normally how many and what files get created when a transaction program is written? What is the XXXXXTOP program? ans:ABAP/4 program. DYNPRO 125. What are the include programs? ANS:When the same sequence of statements in several programs are to be written repeadly they are coded in include programs (External programs) and are included in ABAP/4 programs. 126. Can you call a subroutine of one program from another program? ans:- Yes- only external subroutines Using 'SUBMIT' statement. 127. . What are user exits? What is involved in writing them? What precations are needed? 128. What are RFCs? How do you write RFCs on SAP side? 129. What are the general naming conventions of ABAP programs? ANS:Should start with Y or Z. 130. How do you find if a logical database exists for your program requrements?

ans:SLDB-F4. 131. How do you find the tables to report from when the user just tell you the transaction he uses? And all the underlying data is from SAP structures? ans:Transcode is entered in command field to open the table.Utilities-Table contentsdisplay. 132. How do you find the menu path for a given transaction in SAP? ans:133. What are the different modules of SAP? ans:FI,CO,SD,MM,PP,HR. 134. How do you get help in ABAP? ans:HELP-SAP LIBRARY,by pressing F1 on a keyword. 135. What are different ABAP/4 editors? What are the differences? ans:136. What are the different elements in layout sets? ans:PAGES,Page windows,Header,Paragraph,Character String,Windows. 137. Can you use if then else, perform ..etc statements in sap script? ans:yes. 138. What type of variables normally used in sap script to output data? 139. How do you number pages in sapscript layout outputs? 140. What takes most time in SAP script programming? ANS:LAYOUT DESIGN AND LOGO INSERTION. 141. How do you use tab sets in layout sets? 142. How do you backup sapscript layout sets? Can you download and upload? How? 143. What are presentation and application servers in SAP? ANS:The application layer of an R/3 System is made up of the application servers and the message server. Application programs in an R/3 System are run on application servers. The application servers communicate with the presentation components, the database, and also with each other, using the message server. 144. In an ABAP/4 program how do you access data that exists on a presentation server vs on an application server? ans:i)using loop statements. ii)flat 145. What are different data types in ABAP/4? ans:Elementary predefined C,D,F,I,N,P,T,X.

userdefined TYPES. ex: see in intel book page no 35/65 146. Structured predefined TABLES. userdefined Field Strings and internal tables. 147. What is difference between session method and Call Transaction? 148. Setting up a BDC program where you find information from? 149. What has to be done to the packed fields before submitting to a BDC session. ans:fields converted into character type. 150. What is the structure of a BDC sessions. ans:BDCDATA (standard structure). 151. What are the fields in a BDC_Tab Table. ans:program,dynpro,dynbegin,fnam,fval. 152. What do you define in the domain and data element. Technical details like 153. What is the difference between a pool table and a transparent table and how they are stored at the database level. ans:ii)Pool tables is a logical representation of transparent tables .Hence no existence at database level. Where as transparent tables are physical tables and exist at database level. 154. What is cardinality? For cardinality one out of two (domain or data element) should be the same for Ztest1 and Ztest2 tables. M:N Cardinality specifies the number of dependent(Target) and independent (source) entities which can be in a relationship PDF Tutorials .com PDF study Materials. Tutorial Downloads, References, Interview Questions and Answers « PHP Interview Questions SQL interview Questions » SAP ABAP INTERVIEW QUESTIONS ABAP / 4 INTERVIEW QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS

1)

What is SAP R/3?

Ans

SAP R/3 refers to Systems Application and Product for data processing Real-

time having a 3 tier architecture i.e. Presentation layer, Application layer and Database layer. 2)

What are the programming standards followed?

3)

What are the contents in technical specifications?

Ans

There are five contents in Technical Settings: Data Class, Size Category,

Buffering Permission, Buffering Type and Logging. 4)

What is an instance?

Ans

When you call a function module, an instance of its function group plus its

data, is loaded into the memory area of the internal session. An ABAP program can load several instances by calling function modules from different function groups. 5)

How to take care of performance in ABAP Development?

6)

What is Function group? Difference between function group and function

module? Ans

Function Groups act as containers for Function Modules that logically belong

together. Function Groups 1)

These cannot be defined in a Function Module.

2)

It cannot be called.

3)

They are containers for Function Module.

Function Modules 1)

These must be defined in a Function Group.

2)

It can be called from any program.

3)

They are not containers for Function Group.

7)

What is the difference between ‘Select single * ‘ and ‘Select upto 1 rows’?

Ans

‘Select single *’ – The result of the selection should be a single entry. If it is

not possible to identify a unique entry, the system uses the first line of the selection. For e.g. DATA : ITAB TYPE ZREKHA_EMP. SELECT SINGLE * FROM ZREKHA_EMP INTO ITAB WHERE EMPNO = ‘00101’ AND DEPTNO = ‘0010’. WRITE : / ITAB-EMPNO, ITAB-EMPNAME,ITAB-DEPTNO. Select upto 1 rows 8)

What Function does data dictionary perform?

Ans

Central information repository for application and system data. The ABAP

Dictionary contains data definitions (metadata) that allow you to describe all of the data structures in the system (like tables, views, and data types) in one place. This eliminates redundancy. 9)

Difference between domain and data element? What are aggregate object?

Ans

Domain – Specifies the technical attributes of a data element – its data type,

length, possible values, and appearance on the screen. Each data element has an underlying domain. A single domain can be the basis for several data elements. Domains are objects in the ABAP Dictionary. Data Element – Describes the business function of a table field. Its technical attributes are based on a domain, and its business function is described by its field labels and documentation. Aggregate Object – Views, Match Code and Lock objects are called aggregate objects because they are formed from several related table. 10)

What is view? Different types of view. Explain?

Ans

View – A view is a virtual table containing fields from one or more tables. A

virtual table that does not contain any data, but instead provides an applicationoriented view of one or more ABAP Dictionary tables. Different Types of View: 1)

Maintenance

2)

Database – It is on more than two tables.

3)

Projection – It is only on one table.

4)

Help

11)

Can u print decimals in type N? What is difference between float and packed

data type? Ans

No, we cannot print decimals in type N because decimal places are not

permitted with N data type. Float Data Type: It cannot be declared in Parameters. Packed Number: It can be declared in Parameters. For e.g. PARAMETERS : A(4) TYPE P DECIMALS 2, B(4) TYPE P DECIMALS 2. DATA : C(4) TYPE P DECIMALS 2. C = A + B. WRITE : / ‘THE SUM IS’ , C. 12)

What is step-loop? Explain all the steps?

Ans

A step loop is a repeated series of field-blocks in a screen. Each block can

contain one or more fields, and can extend over more than one line on the screen. Step loops as structures in a screen do not have individual names. The screen can contain more than one step-loop, but if so, you must program the LOOP…ENDLOOPs

in the flow logic accordingly. The ordering of the LOOP…ENDLOOPs must exactly parallel the order of the step loops in the screen. The ordering tells the system which loop processing to apply to which loop. Step loops in a screen are ordered primarily by screen row, and secondarily by screen column. Transaction TZ61 (development class SDWA) implements a step loop version of the table you saw in transaction TZ60. Static and Dynamic Step Loops Step loops fall into two classes: static and dynamic. Static step loops have a fixed size that cannot be changed at runtime. Dynamic step loops are variable in size. If the user re-sizes the window, the system automatically increases or decreases the number of step loop blocks displayed. In any given screen, you can define any number of static step loops, but only a single dynamic one. You specify the class for a step loop in the Screen Painter. Each loop in a screen has the attributes Looptype (fixed=static, variable=dynamic) and Loopcount. If a loop is fixed, the Loopcount tells the number of loop-blocks displayed for the loop. This number can never change. Programming with static and dynamic step loops is essentially the same. You can use both the LOOP and LOOP AT statements for both types. Looping in a Step Loop When you use LOOP AT with a step loop, the system automatically displays the step loop with vertical scroll bars. The scroll bars, and the updated (scrolled) table display, are managed by the system. Use the following additional parameters if desired: FROM and TO CURSOR 14) Ans

What are the ways to find out the tables used in the program?

15)

Can you have two detail lists from the basic list at the same time?

If yes how and if no why? Ans 19)

What function module upload data from application server?

Ans 20)

What are the various types of selection screen event?

Ans

SELECTION-SCREEN BEGIN OF BLOCK ABC WITH FRAME TITLE T01.

SELECTION-SCREEN BEGIN OF SCREEN 500 AS WINDOW. CALL SELECTION-SCREEN 500 STARTING AT 10 10. 21)

What do you know about a client?

Ans 22)

What are the system fields? Explain?

Ans

The ABAP system fields are active in all ABAP programs. They are filled by

the runtime environment, and you can query their values in a program to find out particular states of the system. Although they are variables, you should not assign your own values to them, since this may overwrite information that is important for the normal running of the program. However, there are some isolated cases in which you may need to overwrite a system variable. For example, by assigning a new value to the field SY-LSIND, you can control navigation within details lists. 23)

What is SAP Script? What is the purpose of SAP Script? Difference between

SAP Script and Report? Ans

SAP Script – It is the integrated text management system of the SAP R/3

System. Two types – PC Editor & Line Editor. Reports - It is the way to display data fetched from database table onto screen or directly output it to a printer. Two types – Classical and Interactive.

24)

What is the use of occurs in internal table? Can u change occurs value in

program? Ans

Use of Occurs – If you use the OCCURS parameter, the value of the INITIAL

SIZE of the table is returned to the variable Data : Begin of ITAB occurs 0, End of ITAB. Occurs or Initial Size – to specify the initial amount of memory that should be assigned to the table. Yes, we can change the occurs value in program but output remains the same. 25)

Difference between SY-TABIX and SY-INDEX? Where it is used?

Can u check SY-SUBRC after perform? Ans

SY-TABIX – Current line of an internal table. SY-TABIX is set by the

statements below, but only for index tables. The field is either not set or is set to 0 for hashed tables. * APPEND sets SY-TABIX to the index of the last line of the table, that is, it contains the overall number of entries in the table. * COLLECT sets SY-TABIX to the index of the existing or inserted line in the table. If the table has the type HASHED TABLE, SY-TABIX is set to 0. * LOOP AT sets SY-TABIX to the index of the current line at the beginning of each loop lass. At the end of the loop, SY-TABIX is reset to the value that it had before entering the loop. It is set to 0 if the table has the type HASHED TABLE. * READ TABLE sets SY-TABIX to the index of the table line read. If you use a binary search, and the system does not find a line, SY-TABIX contains the total number of lines, or one more than the total number of lines. SY-INDEX is undefined if a linear search fails to return an entry.

* SEARCH FOR sets SY-TABIX to the index of the table line in which the search string is found. SY_INDEX – In a DO or WHILE loop, SY-INDEX contains the number of loop passes including the current pass. 16)

What are the different functions used in sap script? What are the

parameters used in each Function? Ans

There are three different functions used in SAP Script:

1) OPEN_FORM 2) WRITE_FORM 3) CLOSE_FORM Parameters in Each Function: 1) OPEN_FORM– Exporting Form Language 2) WRITE_FORM– Exporting Element Window 3) CLOSE_FORM 17)

What is sequence of event triggered in report?

Ans

There are 6 events in report:

1) Initialization 2) At Selection-Screen

3) Start-of-Selection 4) Get 5) Get Late 6) End-of-Selection 7) Top-of-Page End-of-Page 9) At Line Selection 10) At User Command 11) At PF (nn) 18)

What are standard layouts sets in the SAP Script?

Ans

There are four standard layouts in the SAP Script:

1) Header 2) Logo 3) Main Window 4) Footer 26)

Difference between UPLOAD and WS_UPLOAD?

Ans

UPLOAD – File transfer with dialog from presentation server file to internal

table. Data which is available in a file on the presentation server is transferred in an internal table. ASCII & Binary files can be transferred. WS_UPLOAD – To read data from the presentation server into an internal table without a user dialog, use the function module WS_UPLOAD. The most important parameters are listed below. 27) Ans

Why did u switch to SAP?

28) What is a Logical Database? Ans Logical Databases are special ABAP programs that retrieve data and make it available to application programs. Use of LDB – is used to read data from database tables by linking them to executable ABAP programs. 29) What are the events used for Logical Database? Ans Two Events – 1) GET – This is the most important event for executable programs that use a logical database. It occurs when the logical database has read a line from the node and made it available to the program in the work area declared using the statement NODES . The depth to which the logical database is read is determined by the GET statements2) PUT – The PUT statement directs the program flow according to the structure of the logical database. 30) What is the difference between Get and Get Late? Ans GET – After the logical database has read an entry from the node .GET LATE – After all of the nodes of the logical database have been processed that are below in the database hierarchy.31) What are the data types of Internal Tables? Ans There are three types: 1) Line 2) Key 3) Table 32) What are the events used in ABAP in the order of execution? Ans Events are:

1. INITIALIZATION 2. AT SELECTION-SCREEN 3. AT SELECTION-SCREEN ON 4. START-OF-SELECTION 5. TOP-OF-PAGE 6. TOP-OF-PAGE DURING LINE SELECTION 7. END-OF-PAGE 8. END-OF-SELECTION 9. AT USER-COMMAND 10. AT LINE-SELECTION 11. AT PF 12. GET 13. GET LATE. 14. AT User Command 33) What are Interactive Reports? Ans An output list which displays just the basic details & allow user to interact, so that a new list is populated based on user-selection. With interactive list, the user can actively control data retrieval and display during the session. 34) What are the commands used for interactive reports? Ans Top-of-Page during line-selection 35) What are the system fields u have worked with? Explain? Ans I had worked with the following (30) system fields: 1) SY-DBSYS – Central Database 2) SY-HOST – Server

3) SY-OPSYS – Operating System 4) SY-SAPRL – SAP Release 5) SY-SYSID – System Name 6) SY-LANGU – User Logon Language 7) SY-MANDT – Client SY-UNAME – Logon User Name 9) SY-DATLO – Local Date 10) SY-DATUM – Server Date 11) SY-TIMLO – Local Time 12) SY-UZEIT – Server Time 13) SY-DYNNR – Screen Number 14) SY-REPID – Current ABAP program 15) SY-TCODE – Transaction Code 16) SY-ULINE – Horizontal Line 17) SY-VLINE – Vertical Line 18) SY-INDEX – Number of current loop Pass 19) SY-TABIX – Current line of internal table 20) SY-DBCNT – Number of table entries processed 21) SY-SUBRC – Return Code 22) SY-UCOMM – Function Code 23) SY-LINCT – Page Length of list 24) SY-LINNO – Current Line 25) SY-PAGNO – Current Page Number

26) SY-LSIND – Index of List 27) SY-MSGID – Message Class 28) SY-MSGNO – Message Number 29) SY-MSGTY – Message Type 30) SY-SPONO – Spool number during printing 36) What is the difference between Primary key and Unique Key? Ans Primary Key – It can accepts 0 value and cannot be NULL. Unique Key – It can be NULL. 37) What is the transaction code for Table maintenance? Ans SM30 38) If u are using Logical Databases how will u modify the selection-screen elements? Ans Select-options : dname for deptt-dname. 39) What is an RFC? Ans Remote Function Call 40) If u are using RFC and passing values to a remote system how does it work? Ans 41) What are the events in Screen Programming? Ans There are two events in Screen Programming: 1. PBO (Process Before Output) – Before the screen is displayed, the PBO event is processed. 2. PAI (Process After Input) – When the user interacts with the screen, the PAI event is processed. 3. POH (Process On Help) – are triggered when the user requests field help (F1). You can program the appropriate coding in the corresponding event blocks. At the end

of processing, the system carries on processing the current screen. 4. POV (Process On Value) – are triggered when the user requests possible values help (F4). You can program the appropriate coding in the corresponding event blocks. At the end of processing, the system carries on processing the current screen. 42) What is the significance of HIDE? Ans Its stores the click value and display the related record in the secondary list. 43) Where do u code the HIDE statement? Ans In a LOOP statement 44) Types of BDC’s? Ans There are two types of BDC’s: 1) Transaction Method 2) Session Method 45) Advantages & Disadvantages of different types of BDC’s? Ans Transaction Method: 1) It is faster than session method. 2) While executing, it starts from starting. Session Method: 1) It is slower than transaction method. 2) While executing, it does not start from starting. 46) What are the events used in Interactive Reports. Ans There are three events of Interactive Reports: I. At PF(nn) II. At line-selection

III. At user-command 47) What is an RDBMS? Ans RDBMS – Relational Database Management System. It helps to create relationship between two or more table. 48) What standards u use to follow while coding ABAP programs? Ans 49) What will you code in START-OF-SELECTION & END-OF-SELECTON & why? Ans START-OF-SELECTION SELECT * FROM DEPTT INTO CORRESPONDING FIELDS OF ITAB WHERE DEPTNO IN DEPTNO. APPEND ITAB. ENDSELECT. LOOP AT ITAB. WRITE : / 10 ITAB-DEPTNO. HIDE : ITAB-DEPTNO. ENDLOOP. END-OF-SELECTION 50) What are joins and different types joins? Ans There are four types of Joins: 1) Self Join 2) Inner Join 3) Outer Join 4) Equi Join

51) Which is the default join? Ans 52) How do u display a data in a Detail List? Ans By using two statements: 1) Top-of-page during line-selection 2) At line-selection 53) What are the types of windows in SAP Script? Ans There are five Standard Layouts in SAP Script: 1) Page 2) Window 3) Page Window 4) Paragraph Format 5) Character Format 54) What are the function modules used in a SAP Script driver program? Ans There are three functions used in SAP Script: 1) OPEN_FORM 2) WRITE_FORM 3) CLOSE_FORM 55) What are Extracts? Ans Extracts are dynamic sequential datasets in which different lines can have different structures. We can access the individual records in an extract dataset using a LOOP. 56) How would u go about improving the performance of a Program, which selects data from MSEG & MKPF?

Ans 57) How does System work in case of an Interactive Report? Ans 58) What is LUW? Ans Logical Unit of Work 59) Different types of LUWs. What r they? Ans Two types of LUW are: 1) DB LUW – A database LUW is the mechanism used by the database to ensure that its data is always consistent. A database LUW is an inseparable sequence of database operations that ends with a database commit. The database LUW is either fully executed by the database system or not at all. Once a database LUW has been successfully executed, the database will be in a consistent state. If an error occurs within a database LUW, all of the database changes since the beginning of the database LUW are reversed. This leaves the database in the state it had before the transaction started. 2) SAP LUW – A logical unit consisting of dialog steps, whose changes are written to the database in a single database LUW is called an SAP LUW. Unlike a database LUW, an SAP LUW can span several dialog steps, and be executed using a series of different work processes. 60) What is First event triggered in program? Ans 61) What are various Joins? What is right outer join? Ans 62) How do u find out whether a file exits on the presentation server? Ans eps_get_directory_listing for directory

63) Systems fields used for Interactive Lists AND Lists Ans Interactive System Fields: SY-LSIND, SY-CPAGE, SY-LILLI, SY-LISEL, SY-LISTI, SY-LSTAT, SY-STACO, SY-STARO Lists: SY-COLNO, SY-LINCT, SY-LINNO, SY-LINSZ, SY-PAGNO, SY-TVAR0…..SY-TVAR9, SY-WTITL 64) Logo in SAP Script? Ans RSTXLDMC OR Steps for making and inserting Logo in SAP Script: First Procedure: 1) Draw the picture 2) Save it 3) /nSE78 4) Write name & Choose Color 5) Click on Import 6) Browse picture 7) Enter Second Procedure 1) /nSE71 2) Insert 3) Graphics 4) Click on stored on document server 5) Execute 6) Choose name of BMAP

65) What are the difference between call screen and leave screen? Ans Call Screen: Calling a single screen is a special case of embedding a screen sequence. If you want to prevent the called screen from covering the current screen completely, you can use the CALL SCREEN statement with the STARTING AT and ENDING AT CALL SCREEN 1000. CALL SCREEN 1000 STARTING AT 10 10 ENDING AT 20 20. LEAVE SCREEN statement ends the current screen and calls the subsequent screen. LEAVE SCREEN. LEAVE TO SCREEN 2000. 66) If internal table used in for all entries in empty then what happens Ans No, records will be displayed. 67) If I forgot some command in SAP Script e.g.: suppress zero display – How to do find it? Ans Suppressing of entire screens is possible with this command. This command allows us to perform screen processing “in the background”. Suppressing screens is useful when we are branching to list-mode from a transaction dialog step. 68) How to write a BDC – how do u go about it? Ans Steps for writing BDC 1) /nSE38 2) Declare Tables, Data (for ITAB) and Data (for BDCITAB) 3) Call function ‘Upload’. 4) Write code for the First Screen, Radio Button, Filename, Change Button, Second Screen, Utilities (Create Entries), Third Screen and Save. 5) Call transaction ‘SE11’ using BDCITAB mode ‘A’.

6) Save, Check Errors, Activate and Execute. 69) What is Performance tuning? Ans 70) Define Documentation. Ans 71) Brief about Testing of programs. Ans 72) How do u move on to the next screen in interactive reporting? Ans Write code of the following: 1) Top-of-Page during line-selection 2) At line-selection 73) Create any functions? How to go about it? Ans Steps for creating the Functions: First Procedure: 1) /nSE37 2) Goto 3) Function Group (FG) 4) Create Group 5) Name of FG (ZREKHA_FG) 6) Short Text 7) Save Local Object Second Procedure

1) Environment 2) Inactive Object 3) Function Group (ZREKHA_FG) 4) Activate 5) Back Third Procedure 1) Name of Function Module (ZREKHA_FM) 2) Create 3) Write FG Name (ZREKHA_FG) 4) Short Text 5) Save Fourth Step: Call function ‘ZREKHA_FM’. 74) Advanced topics? Ans 75) Function modules used in F4 help. Ans There are two types of function modules used in F4 help: 1) F4IF_FIELD_VALUE_REQUEST 2) F4IF_INT_TABLE_VALUE_REQUEST 76) Work most on which module: Name a few tables. Ans Sales & Distribution Module 1) Sales Document: Item Data – VBAP 2) Sales Document: Partner – VBPA

3) Sales Document: Header Data – VBAK 4) Sales Document Flow – VBFA 5) Sales Document: Delivery Item Data – LIPS 6) Customer Master – KNA1 7) Material Data – MARA Conditions (Transaction Data) – KONV 77) System Table used Ans 1) Sales Document: Item Data – VBAP 2) Sales Document: Partner – VBPA 3) Sales Document: Header Data – VBAK 4) Sales Document Flow – VBFA 5) Sales Document: Delivery Item Data – LIPS 6) Customer Master – KNA1 7) Material Data – MARA Conditions (Transaction Data) – KONV 78) From a table how do u find whether a material is used in another material BOM? Ans 79) What is read line? Ans READ LINE and READ CURRENT LINE – These statements are used to read data from the lines of existing list levels. These statements are closely connected to the HIDE technique. 80) How u used logical database? How is data transferred to program? Corresponding statement in LDB.

Ans 81) How do u suppress fields on selection screen generated by LDB? Ans 82) Can there be more than 1 main window in SAP Script? Ans No, there cannot be more than 1 main window in SAP Script because in WRITE_FORM, it asks for the parameter Window that will create the problem. WRITE_FORM– Exporting Element Window 83) Global and local data in function modules. Ans 84) What are the differences between SAP memory and ABAP memory? Ans ABAP Memory is a memory area in the internal session (roll area) of an ABAP program. Data within this area is retained within a sequence of program calls, allowing you to pass data between programs that call one another. It is also possible to pass data between sessions using SAP Memory. SAP Memory is a memory area to which all sessions within a SAPgui have access. You can use SAP memory either to pass data from one program to another within a session (as with ABAP memory) or to pass data from one session to another. 85) What are differences between At selection-screen and At selection-screen output? Ans AT SELECTION-SCREEN event is triggered in the PAI of the selection screen once the ABAP runtime environment has passed all of the input data from the selection screen to the ABAP program.

AT SELECTION-SCREEN OUTPUT – This event block allows you to modify the selection screen directly before it is displayed. 86) What are the events? Ans 87) What is get cursor field? Ans GET CURSOR statement transfers the name of the screen element on which the cursor is positioned during a user action into the variable . GET CURSOR FIELD [OFFSET ] [LINE ] [VALUE ] LENGTH ]. 88) What is the inside concept in select-options? Ans Select-options specify are displayed on the selection screen for the user to enter values. Different Properties of Select-options: 1) Visible Length 2) Matchcode Object 3) Memory ID 4) Lowercase 5) Obligatory 6) No Display 7) Modify ID 89) What is the difference between occurs 1 and occurs 2? Ans 90) What is the difference between Free and Refresh?

Ans Free – You can use FREE to initialize an internal table and release its memory space without first using the REFRESH or CLEAR statement. Like REFRESH, FREE works on the table body, not on the table work area. After a FREE statement, you can address the internal table again. It still occupies the amount of memory required for its header (currently 256 bytes). When you refill the table, the system has to allocate new memory space to the lines. Refresh – This always applies to the body of the table. As with the CLEAR statement, the memory used by the table before you initialized it remains allocated. To release the memory space, use the statement 91) What are elements? Ans 92) Can we have more than one selection-screen and how? Ans Yes, we can have more than one selection screen. Selection-screen begin of block honey with frame title text-101. Select-options : deptno for zrekha_deptt-deptno. Selection-screen end of block honey. Selection-screen begin of block honey1 with frame title text-102. Select-options : dname for zrekha_deptt-dname. Selection-screen end of block honey1. 93) How to declare select-option as a parameter? Ans SELECT-OPTIONS: specify are displayed on the selection screen for the user to enter values. Parameters: dname like dept-dname. Select-options: dname for dept-dname.

94) How can u write programmatically value help to a field without using search help and match codes? Ans By using two types of function modules to be called in SAP Script: 1) HELP_OBJECT_SHOW_FOR_FIELD 2) HELP_OBJECT_SHOW 95) What are the differences between SE01, SE09 and SE10? Ans SE01 – Correction & Transport Organizer SE09 – Workbench Organizer SE10 – Customizing Organizer 96) How to set destination? Ans 97) What are the function module types? Ans 98) What are tables? Ans Tables : ZREKHA_EMP. It creates a structure – the table work area in a program for the database tables, views or structure ZREKHA_EMP. The table work area has the same name as the object for which we created it. ZREKHA_EMP must be declared in the ABAP dictionary. The name and sequence of fields in the table work area ZREKHA_EMP corresponds exactly to the sequence of fields in the database table, view definition in the ABAP dictionary. 99) What are client-dependant tables and independent tables? Ans 100) How to distinguish client-dependant tables from independent tables?

Ans 101) What is the use of Table maintenance allowed? Ans Mark the Table maintenance allowed flag if users with the corresponding authorization may change the data in the table using the Data Browser (Transaction SE16). If the data in the table should only be maintained with programs or with the table view maintenance transaction (Transaction SM30), you should not set the flag. 102) How to define Selection Screen? Ans Parameters, Select-options & Selection-Screen 103) What are the check tables and value tables? Ans Check Table: The ABAP Dictionary allows you to define relationships between tables using foreign keys . A dependent table is called a foreign key table, and the referenced table is called the check table. Each key field of the check table corresponds to a field in the foreign key table. These fields are called foreign key fields. One of the foreign key fields is designated as the check field for checking the validity of values. The key fields of the check table can serve as input help for the check field. Value Table: Prior to Release 4.0, it was possible to use the value table of a domain to provide input help. This is no longer possible, primarily because unexpected results could occur if the value table had more than one key field. It was not possible to restrict the other key fields, which meant that the environment of the field was not considered, as is normal with check tables. In cases where this kind of value help was appropriate, you can reconstruct it by creating a search help for the data elements that use the domain in question, and using the value table as the selection method. Check table will be at field level checking. Value table will be at domain level checking ex: scarr table is check table for carrid.

104) What is the difference between tables and structures? Ans Tables: 1) Data is permanently stored in tables in the database. 2) Database tables are generated from them. Structure: 1) It contains data temporarily during program run-time. 2) No Database tables are generated from it. 105) How to declare one internal table without header line without using structures? Ans No, we cannot declare internal table without header line and without structure because it gives error “ITAB cannot be a table, a reference, a string or contain any of these object”. Code with Header without Structure TABLES : ZREKHA_EMP. DATA : ITAB LIKE ZREKHA_EMP OCCURS 0 WITH HEADER LINE. SELECT * FROM ZREKHA_EMP INTO CORRESPONDING FIELDS OF ITAB. APPEND ITAB. ENDSELECT. LOOP AT ITAB. WRITE : / ITAB-EMPNO, ITAB-EMPNAME,ITAB-DEPTNO. ENDLOOP. Code without Header with Structure TABLES : ZREKHA_EMP. DATA : BEGIN OF ITAB OCCURS 0, EMPNO LIKE XREKHA_EMP-EMPNO,

EMPNAME LIKE XREKHA_EMP-EMPNAME, DEPTNO LIKE XREKHA_EMP-DEPTNO, END OF ITAB. SELECT * FROM ZREKHA_EMP INTO CORRESPONDING FIELDS OF ITAB. APPEND ITAB. ENDSELECT. LOOP AT ITAB. WRITE : / ITAB-EMPNO, ITAB-EMPNAME,ITAB-DEPTNO. ENDLOOP. 106) What are lock objects? Ans Reason for Setting Lock: Suppose a travel agent want to book a flight. The customer wants to fly to a particular city with a certain airline on a certain day. The booking must only be possible if there are still free places on the flight. To avoid the possibility of overbooking, the database entry corresponding to the flight must be locked against access from other transactions. This ensures that one user can find out the number of free places, make the booking, and change the number of free places without the data being changed in the meantime by another transaction. The R/3 System synchronizes simultaneous access of several users to the same data records with a lock mechanism. When interactive transactions are programmed, locks are set and released by calling function modules (see Function Modules for Lock Requests). These function modules are automatically generated from the definition of lock objects in the ABAP Dictionary. Two types of Lock: Shared and Exclusive 107) What are datasets? What are the different syntaxes? Ans The sequential files (ON APPLICATION SERVER) are called datasets. They are used for file handling in SAP.

OPEN DATASET [DATASET NAME] FOR [OUTPUT / INPUT / APPENDING] IN [BINARY / TEXT] MODE AT POSITION [POSITION] MESSAGE [FIELD] READ DATASET [DATASET NAME] INTO [FIELD] DELETE DATASET [DATASET NAME] CLOSE DATASET [DATASET NAME] TRANSFER [FIELD] TO [DATASET NAME] 108) What are the events we use in dialog programming and explain them? Ans There are two events in Dialog Programming i.e. screen: 1. PBO (Process Before Output) – Before the screen is displayed, the PBO event is processed. 2. PAI (Process After Input) – When the user interacts with the screen, the PAI event is processed. 3. POH (Process On Help) – are triggered when the user requests field help (F1). You can program the appropriate coding in the corresponding event blocks. At the end of processing, the system carries on processing the current screen. 4. POV (Process On Value) – are triggered when the user requests possible values help (F4). You can program the appropriate coding in the corresponding event blocks. At the end of processing, the system carries on processing the current screen. 109) What is the difference between OPEN_FORM and CLOSE_FORM? Ans OPEN_FORM – This module opens layout set printing. This function must be called up before we can work with other layout set function like WRITE_FORM. WRITE_FORM – Output text element in form window. The specified element of the layout set window entered is output. The element must be defined in the layout set.

CLOSE_FORM – End layout set printing. Form printing started with OPEN_FORM is completed. Possible closing operations on the form last opened are carried out. Form printing must be completed by this function module. If this is not carried out, nothing is printed or displayed on the screen. 110) What are the page windows? How many main windows will be there in a page window? Ans Page Window: In this window, we define the margins for left, width, upper and height for the layout of Header, Logo, Main, & Footer. 111)

What are control events in a loop?

Ans

Control level processing is allowed within a LOOP over an internal table. This

means that we can divide sequences of entries into groups based on the contents of certain fields. AT . ENDAT. 112)

How to debugg a script?

Ans

Go to SE71, give layout set name, go to utilities select debugger mode on.

113)

How many maximum sessions can be open in SAPgui?

Ans

There are maximum 6 sessions open in SAPgui.

114)

SAP Scripts and ABAP programs are client dependent or not? Why?

Ans 115)

What are System Variable?

Ans

System variables have been predefined by SAP. We can use these variables

in formulas or, for example, to pass on certain pieces of information to a function module. How the function called by the function module behaves depends on the

type of information passed on. 116)

Is it compulsory to use all the events in Reports?

Ans 117) What is the difference between sum and collect? Ans Sum: You can only use this statement within a LOOP. If you use SUM in an AT – ENDAT block, the system calculates totals for the numeric fields of all lines in the current line group and writes them to the corresponding fields in the work area. If you use the SUM statement outside an AT – ENDAT block (single entry processing), the system calculates totals for the numeric fields of all lines of the internal table in each loop pass and writes them to the corresponding fields of the work area. It therefore only makes sense to use the SUM statement in AT…ENDAT blocks. If the table contains a nested table, you cannot use the SUM statement. Neither can you use it if you are using a field symbol instead of a work area in the LOOP statement. Collect: 118) What are session method and call transaction method and explain about them? Ans Session method – Use the BDC_OPEN_GROUP to create a session. Once we have created a session, then we can insert the batch input data into it with BDC_INSERT. Use the BDC_INSERT to add a transaction to a batch input session. We specify the transaction that is to be started in the call to BDC_INSERT. We must provide a BDCDATA structure that contains all the data required to process the transaction completely. Use the BDC_CLOSE_GROUP to close a session after we have inserted all of our batch input data into it. Once a session is closed, it can be processed. Call Transaction -

In this method, we use CALL TRANSACTION USING to run an SAP transaction. External data does not have to be deposited in a session for later processing. Instead, the entire batch input process takes place inline in our program. 119) If you have 10000 records in your file, which method you use in BDC? Ans Call transaction is faster then session method. But usually we use session method in real time…because we can transfer large amount of data from internal table to database and if any errors in a session, then process will not complete until session get correct. 120) What are different modes of Call Transaction method and explain them? Ans There are three modes of Call Transaction method: 1) A – Display All Screens 2) E – Display Errors 3) N – Background Processing ——————————————————————————————————————– 121) What is the typical structure of an ABAP program? Ans HEADER, BODY, FOOTER. 122) What are field symbols and field groups? Have you used “component idx of structure” clause with field groups? Ans Field Symbols – They are placeholder or symbolic names for the other fields. They do not physically reserve space for a field, but point to its contents. It can point to any data objects. Field-symbols Field Groups – Field groups does not reserve storage space but contains pointers to existing fields.

An extract dataset consists of a sequence of records. These records may have different structures. All records with the same structure form a record type. You must define each record type of an extract dataset as a field group, using the FIELD-GROUPS statement. Field-groups 123) What should be the approach for writing a BDC program? Ans STEP 1: CONVERTING THE LEGACY SYSTEM DATA TO A FLAT FILE to internal table CALLED “CONVERSION”. STEP 2: TRANSFERING THE FLAT FILE INTO SAP SYSTEM CALLED “SAP DATA TRANSFER”. STEP 3: DEPENDING UPON THE BDC TYPE i) Call transaction (Write the program explicitly) ii) Create sessions (sessions are created and processed. If success, data will transfer). 124) What is a batch input session? Ans BATCH INPUT SESSION is an intermediate step between internal table and database table. Data along with the action is stored in session i.e. data for screen fields, to which screen it is passed, program name behind it, and how next screen is processed. Create session – BDC_OPEN_GROUP Insert batch input – BDC_INSERT Close session – BDC_CLOSE_GROUP 125) What is the alternative to batch input session? Ans Call Transaction Method & Call Dialog

126) A situation: An ABAP program creates a batch input session. We need to submit the program and the batch session in background. How to do it? Ans Go to SM36 and create background job by giving job name, job class and job steps (JOB SCHEDULING) 127) What is the difference between a pool table and a transparent table and how they are stored at the database level? Ans Pool Table 1) Many to One Relationship. 2) Table in the Dictionary has the different name, different number of fields, and the fields have the different name as in the R3 Table definition. 3) It can hold only pooled tables. Transparent Table – 1) One to One relationship. 2) Table in the Dictionary has the same name, same number of fields, and the fields have the same name as in the R3 Table definition. 3) It can hold Application data. 128) What are the problems in processing batch input sessions? How is batch input process different from processing on line? Ans Two Problems: -

1) If the user forgets to opt for keep session then the session will be automatically removed from the session queue (log remains). However, if session is processed we may delete it manually. 2) If session processing fails, data will not be transferred to SAP database table. 129) Is Session Method, Asynchronous or Synchronous? Ans Synchronous 130) What are the different types of data dictionary objects? Ans Different types of data dictionary objects: 1) Tables 2) Views 3) Data elements 4) Structure 5) Domains 6) Search Helps 7) Local Objects Matchcode 131) How many types of tables exist and what are they in data dictionary? Ans 4 Types of Tables: 1. Transparent tables – Exists with the same structure both in dictionary as well as in database exactly with the same data and fields. Both Open SQL and Native SQL can be used. 2. Pool tables 3. Cluster tables – These are logical tables that are arranged as records of transparent tables. One cannot use Native SQL on these tables (only Open SQL).

They are not manageable directly using database system tools. 4. Internal tables 132) What is the step-by-step process to create a table in data dictionary? Ans Steps to create a table: Step 1: creating domains (data type, field length, Range). Step 2: creating data elements (properties and type for a table field). Step 3: creating tables (SE11). 133) Can a transparent table exist in data dictionary but not in the database physically? Ans No, Transparent table do exist with the same structure both in the dictionary as well as in the database, exactly with the same data and fields. 134) In SAP Scripts, how will u link FORM with the Event Driven? Ans In PAI, define function code and write code for the same. 135) Can you create a table with fields not referring to data elements? Ans YES. e.g.:- ITAB LIKE SPFLI. Here we are refering to a data object (SPFLI) not data element. 136) What is the advantage of structures? How do you use them in the ABAP programs? Ans GLOBAL EXISTANCE (these could be used by any other program without creating it again). 137) What does an extract statement do in the ABAP program? Ans Once you have declared the possible record types as field groups and defined their structure, you can fill the extract dataset using the following statements: EXTRACT .

When the first EXTRACT statement occurs in a program, the system creates the extract dataset and adds the first extract record to it. In each subsequent EXTRACT statement, the new extract record is added to the dataset EXTRACT HEADER. When you extract the data, the record is filled with the current values of the corresponding fields. As soon as the system has processed the first EXTRACT statement for a field group , the structure of the corresponding extract record in the extract dataset is fixed. You can no longer insert new fields into the field groups and HEADER. If you try to modify one of the field groups afterwards and use it in another EXTRACT statement, a runtime error occurs. By processing EXTRACT statements several times using different field groups, you fill the extract dataset with records of different length and structure. Since you can modify field groups dynamically up to their first usage in an EXTRACT statement, extract datasets provide the advantage that you need not determine the structure at the beginning of the program. 138) What is a collect statement? How is it different from append? Ans Collect : If an entry with the same key already exists, the COLLECT statement does not append a new line, but adds the contents of the numeric fields in the work area to the contents of the numeric fields in the existing entry. Append – Duplicate entries occurs. 139) What is OPEN SQL vs NATIVE SQL? Ans Open SQL – These statements are a subset of standard SQL. It consists of DML command (Select, Insert, Update, Delete). It can simplify and speed up database access. Buffering is partly stored in the working memory and shared memory. Data in buffer is not always up-to-date.

Native SQL – They are loosely integrated into ABAP. It allows access to all functions containing programming interface. They are not checked and converted. They are sent directly to the database system. Programs that use Native SQL are specific to the database system for which they were written. For e.g. to create or change table definition in the ABAP. 140) What does an EXEC SQL stmt do in ABAP? What is the disadvantage of using it? Ans To use a Native SQL statement, you must precede it with the EXEC SQL statement, and follow it with the ENDEXEC statement as follows: EXEC SQL [PERFORMING ]. ENDEXEC. There is no period after Native SQL statements. Furthermore, using inverted commas (“) or an asterisk (*) at the beginning of a line in a native SQL statement does not introduce a comment as it would in normal ABAP syntax. You need to know whether table and field names are case-sensitive in your chosen database. 141) What is the meaning of ABAP editor integrated with ABAP data dictionary? Ans ABAP Editor: Tool in the ABAP Workbench in which you enter the source code of ABAP programs and check their syntax. You can also navigate from the ABAP Editor to the other tools in the ABAP Workbench. 142) What are the events in ABAP language? Ans The events are as follows: 1. Initialization 2. At selection-screen 3. Start-of-selection 4. End-of-selection

5. Top-of-page 6. End-of-page 7. At line-selection 8. At user-command 9. At PF 10. Get 11. At New 12. At LAST 13. AT END 14. AT FIRST 143) What is an interactive report? What is the obvious difference of such report compared with classical type reports? Ans An Interactive report is a dynamic drill down report that produces the list on users choice. Difference: a) The list produced by classical report doesn’t allow user to interact with the system where as the list produced by interactive report allows the user to interact with the system. B) Once a classical report, executed user looses control where as Interactive, user has control. C) In classical report, drilling is not possible where as in interactive, drilling is possible. 144) What is a drill down report?

Ans Its an Interactive report where in the user can get more relevant data by selecting explicitly. 145) How do you write a function module in SAP? Describe. Ans 1. Called program – SE37 – Creating function group, function module by assigning attributes, importing, exporting, tables, and exceptions. 2. Calling program – SE38 – In program, click pattern and write function nameprovide export, import, tables, exception values. 146) What are the exceptions in function module? Ans Exceptions: Our function module needs an exception that it can trigger if there are no entries in table SPFLI that meet the selection criterion. The exception NOT_FOUND serves this function. COMMUNICATION_FAILURE & SYSTEM_FAILURE 147) Ans 148) How are the date and time field values stored in SAP? Ans DD.MM.YYYY. HH:MM:SS 149) What are the fields in a BDC_Tab and BDCDATA Table? Ans Fields of BDC_Tab & BDCDATA Table: Sr.No Fields – Description 1) Program – BDC Module pool 2) Dynpro – BDC Screen Number 3) Dynbegin – BDC Screen Start 4) Fname – Field Name

5) Fval – BDC field value 150) Name a few data dictionary objects? Ans Different types of data dictionary objects: 1) Tables 2) Views 3) Data elements 4) Structure 5) Matchcode 6) Domains 7) Search Helps Local Objects 151) What happens when a table is activated in DD? Ans When the table is activated, a physical table definition is created in the database for the table definition stored in the ABAP dictionary. The table definition is translated from the ABAP dictionary of the particular database. It is available for any insertion, modification and updation of records by any user. 152) Ans 153) What are matchcodes? Describe? Ans It is similar to table index that gives list of possible values for either primary keys or non-primary keys. 154) What transactions do you use for data analysis? Ans 155) What are the elements of selection screen?

Ans There are 5 elements of selection screen: Selection-screen include blocks Selection-screen include parameters Selection-screen include select-options Selection-screen include comment Selection-screen include push-button 156) What are ranges? What are number ranges? Ans Main function of ranges to pass data to the actual selection tables without displaying the selection screen. Min, Max values provided in selection screens. It is often necessary to directly access individual records in a data structure. This is done using unique keys. Number ranges are used to assign numbers to individual database records for a commercial object, to complete the key. Such numbers are e.g. order numbers or material master numbers. 157) What are select options and what is the diff from parameters? Ans Parameters : We can enter a single value. PARAMETERS: PARAM(10). Select-options: We can enter low and high value i.e. range has to be specify. By using NO-INTERVAL user can process only single fields. SELECT-OPTIONS: DNO FOR DEPT-DNO. SELECT-OPTIONS: DNO FOR DEPT-DNO NO-INTERVAL. SELECT-OPTIONS declares an internal table, which is automatically filled with values or ranges of values entered by the end user. For each SELECT-OPTIONS, the system creates a selection table. SELECT-OPTIONS FOR .

A selection table is an internal table with fields SIGN, OPTION, LOW and HIGH. The type of LOW and HIGH is the same as that of . The SIGN field can take the following values: I Inclusive (should apply) E Exclusive (should not apply) The OPTION field can take the following values: EQ Equal GT Greater than NE Not equal BT Between LE Less than or equal NB Not between LT Less than CP Contains pattern GE Greater than or equal NP No pattern. DifferencesPARAMETERS allow users to enter a single value into an internal field within a report. SELECT-OPTIONS allows users to fill an internal table with a range of values. Select-options provide ranges where as parameters do not. For each PARAMETERS or SELECT-OPTIONS statement you should define text elements by choosing Goto – Text elements – Selection texts – Change. Eg:- Parameters name(30). When the user executes the ABAP/4 program, an input field for ‘name’ will appear on the selection screen. You can change the comments on the left side of the input fields by using text elements as described in Selection Texts. 158) How do you validate the selection criteria of a report? And how do you display initial values in a selection screen? Ans The selection criteria is validated in the processing block of the AT SELECTION SCREEN event for the input values on the screen and respective messages can be sent.

To display initial values in the selection screen: 1) Use INITIALIZATION EVENT 2) Use DEFAULT VALUE option of PARAMETERS Statement 3) Use SPA/GPA Parameters (PIDs). Validate: – by using match code objects. Display :- Parameters default ‘xxx’. Select-options for spfli-carrid. Initial values in a selection screen: INITIALIZATION. DNO-LOW = 10. DNO-HIGH = 30 SIGN I. OPTION NB. APPEND DNO. 159) What are selection texts? Ans 160) What is CTS and what do you know about it? Ans CTS stands for Correction and Transport System. The CTS provides a range of functions that help you to choose a transport strategy optimally suited to your requirements. We recommend that you follow the transport strategy while you plan and set up your system landscape. Correction and Transport System (CTS) is a tool that helps you to organize development projects in the ABAP Workbench and in Customizing, and then transport the changes between the SAP Systems and clients in your system landscape. This documentation provides you with an overview of how to manage

changes with the CTS and essential information on setting up your system and client landscape and deciding on a transport strategy. Read and follow this documentation when planning your development project. For practical information on working with the Correction and Transport System, see Correction and Transport Organizer and Transport Management System. 161) When a program is created and need to be transported to prodn does selection texts always go with it? If not how do you make sure? Can you change the CTS entries? How do you do it? Ans 162) What is the client concept in SAP? What is the meaning of client independent? Ans In commercial, organizational and technical terms, the client is a self-contained unit in the R3 system, with separate set of Master data and its own set of Tables. When a change is made in one client all other clients are affected in the system – this type of objects are called Client independent objects. 163) Are programs client dependent? Ans Yes, group of users can access these programs with a client number. 164) Name a few system global variables you can use in ABAP programs? Ans SY-SUBRC, SY-DBCNT, SY-LILLI, SY-DATUM, SY-UZEIT, SY-UCOMM, SY-TABIX….. SY-LILLI is absolute number of lines from which the event was triggered. 165) What are internal tables? How do you get the number of lines in an internal table? How to use a specific number occurs statement? Ans 1) It is a standard data type object, which exists only during the runtime of the program. They are used to perform table calculations on subsets of database tables and for re-organizing the contents of database tables according to users need.

2) Using SY-DBCNT. 3) The number of memory allocations the system need to allocate for the next record population. 166) How do you take care of performance issues in your ABAP programs? Ans Performance of ABAP programs can be improved by minimizing the amount of data to be transferred. The data set must be transferred through the network to the applications, so reducing the amount of time and also reduces the network traffic. Some measures that can be taken are: - Use views defined in the ABAP/4 DDIC (also has the advantage of better reusability). - Use field list (SELECT clause) rather than SELECT *. - Range tables should be avoided (IN operator) - Avoid nested SELECTS. 167) What are datasets? Ans The sequential files (ON APPLICATION SERVER) are called datasets. They are used for file handling in SAP. 168) How to find the return code of an stmt in ABAP programs? Ans Open SQL has 2 system fields with return codes: 1) SY-SUBRC 2) SY-DBCNT Using function modules 169) What are Conversion & Interface programs in SAP? Ans CONVERSION: Legacy system to flat file. INTERFACE: Flat file to SAP system.

170) Have you used SAP supplied programs to load master data? Ans SAP supplied BDC programs RM06BBI0 (Purchase Requisitions) RMDATIND (Material Master) RFBIKR00 (Vendor Masters) RFBIDE00 (Customer Master) RVINVB00 (Sales Order) 171) What are the techniques involved in using SAP supplied programs? Do you prefer to write your own programs to load master data? Why? Ans Þ Identify relevant fields Þ Maintain transfer structure ( Predefined – first one is always session record) Þ Session record structure, Header Data, Item ( STYPE – record type ) Þ Fields in session structure – STYPE, GROUP , MANDT, USERNAME , NO DATA Þ Fields in header structure – consists of transaction code also – STYPE, BMM00, TCODE, MATNR and Fields in Item – ITEMS … Þ Maintain transfer file – sample data set creation 172) What are logical databases? What are the advantages/disadvantages of logical databases? Ans To read data from a database tables we use logical database. A logical database provides read-only access to a group of related tables to an ABAP/4 program.

Advantages: – The programmer need not worry about the primary key for each table. Because Logical database knows how the different tables relate to each other, and can issue the SELECT command with proper where clause to retrieve the data. 1) An easy-to-use standard user interface. 2) Check functions, which check that user input is complete, correct, and plausible. 3) Meaningful data selection. 4) Central authorization checks for database accesses. 5) Good read access performance while retaining the hierarchical data view determined by the application logic. 6) No need of programming for retrieval, meaning for data selection Disadvantages: 1) If you do not specify a logical database in the program attributes, the GET events never occur. 2) There is no ENDGET command, so the code block associated with an event ends with the next event statement (such as another GET or an END-OF-SELECTION). 3) Fast in case of lesser no. of tables But if the table is in the lowest level of hierarchy, all upper level tables should be read so performance is slower. 173) What specific statements do you using when writing a drill down report? Ans AT LINE-SELECTION AT USER-COMMAND AT PF. 174) What are different tools to report data in SAP? What all have you used? Ans 175) What are the advantages and disadvantages of ABAP query tool?

Ans Advantages: No programming knowledge is required. Disadvantages: Depending on the complexity of the database tables, it may not be easy for the user to select the necessary data correctly. 176) What are the functional areas? User groups? How does ABAP query work in relation to these? Ans Functional Areas – By creating functional areas, we can initially select this data. This ensures that the data is presented to the ABAP Query user in a meaningful way to accomplish the task, and that only the data that the user may use is presented. User Groups – A user group is a collection of users that work with about the same data and carry out similar tasks. The members of a user group can use all programs (queries) created by any user of the group. Changes to such a program are at once visible to all users. This ensures that all members of a user group use the same evaluation programs. ABAP Query: It consists of three components – queries, functional areas and user groups. The functional areas provide the user with an initial set of data in accordance with the task to be accomplished. All users must be members of at least one user group. All members of one user group can access the same data as well as the same program (queries) to create lists. 177) Is a logical database a requirement/must to write an ABAP query? Ans No, it is not must to use LDB. Apart from it, we have other options: 1) Table join by Basis Table 2) Direct Read of table 3) Data Retrieval by Program 178) What is the structure of a BDC sessions. Ans BDCDATA

179) What are Change header and detail tables? Have you used them? Ans 180) What do you do when the system crashes in the middle of a BDC batch session? Ans We will look into the error log file (SM35). Check number of records already updated and delete them from input file and run BDC again. 181) What do you do with errors in BDC batch sessions? Ans We look into the list of incorrect session and process it again. To correct incorrect session, we analyze the session to determine which screen and value produced the error. For small errors in data we correct them interactively otherwise modify batch input program that has generated the session or many times even the data file. 182) How do you set up background jobs in SAP? What are the steps? What are the events driven batch jobs? Ans Go to SM36 and create background job by giving job name, job class and job steps (JOB SCHEDULING) 183) Is it possible to run host command from SAP environment? How do you run? Ans 184) What kind of financial periods exist in SAP? What is the relevant table for that? Ans 185) Does SAP handle multiple currencies? Multiple languages? Ans Yes. 186) What is a currency factoring technique?

Ans 187) How do you document ABAP programs? Do you use program documentation menu option? Ans 188) What is SAP Script and layout set? Ans The tool, which is used to create layout set is called SAP Script. Layout set is a design, appearance and structure of document. 189) What are the ABAP commands that link to a layout set? Ans Control Commands, System Commands 190) What is output determination? Ans 191) What is the field length of Packed Number? What is the default decimal of packed number? Ans 192) What are the different types of data types? Ans There are three types of data types: Data Types Elementary Complex References Fixed Variable Structure Table Data Object Variable 193) What is the syntax of Packed Number? Ans Data : NUM type P decimals 2.

194) What are different types of attributes of Function Module? Ans There are 6 attributes of FM: 1. Import 2. Export 3. Table 4. Changing 5. Source 6. Exception 195) List of Screen elements. Ans There are 13 screen elements: i. Input / output fields ii. Text fields iii. Checkbox iv. Radio button v. Push Button vi. Drop down list vii. Subscreen viii. Table control ix. Tabstrip control x. Custom control xi. Box xii. Status icons xiii. OK_CODE fields

196) How many default Tab Strips are there? How to insert more Tabs in it? Ans There 2 default Tab strips. Screen painter attributes contain Tab Title, which is used to insert more tabs in tab strip. 197) How to define Selection Screen? Ans There are 3 ways of defining selection screen: 1. Parameters 2. Select-options 3. Selection-Screen 198) What are the properties of Selection Screen? Ans There are 11 properties of selection screen: 1) Default 2) Memory ID 3) Lowercase 4) Visible length 5) Obligatory 6) Matchcode 7) Check Checkbox 9) Radiobutton Group 10) No-display 11) Modif ID 199) What are the components of Selection Table? Ans There are four components of selection table:

Low, High, Sign, Options 200) How to display or know if the value entered contains records or not? Ans SY-SUBRC 201) What are the sequences of event block? Ans i. Reports ii. Nodes iii. Data iv. Initialization v. At selection-screen vi. Start-of-selection vii. Get deptt viii. Get emp ix. Get deptt late x. End-of-selection xi. Form xii. Endform 202) What are types of Select statements? Ans SELECT SINGLE … WHERE … SELECT [DISTINCT] … WHERE … SELECT *… 203) What are DML commands?

Ans Select, Insert, Delete, Modify, Update. 204) What is Asynchronous and Synchronous Update? Ans Asynchronous Update – The program does not wait for the work process to finish the update. Commit Work. Synchronous Update – The program wait for the work process to finish the update. Commit Work and Wait. 205) Write syntax for Message Error (Report)? Ans AT SELECTION-SCREEN. SELECT * FROM ZREKHA_DEPTT INTO CORRESPONDING FIELDS OF ITAB WHERE DEPTNO IN DEPTNO. ENDSELECT. If SY-DBCNT = 0. MESSAGE E000 WITH ‘NO RECORDS FOUND’. ENDIF. 206) How to see the list of all created session? Ans There are two method to see all sessions: 1) SHDB (Recording) 2) Write code in SE38 then save, check errors activate and execute it. System Service Batch input Session

207) What are the function module in BDC? Ans There are three function module in BDC: 1) BDC_OPEN_GROUP 2) BDC_INSERT 3) BDC_CLOSE_GROUP 208) Write the steps to execute session method. Ans Steps for execution Session Method: 1) System 2) Service 3) Batch Input 4) Session 5) Choose Session Name 6) Process 7) Asks for Mode (Display All Screen, Display Errors & Background) Process 209) What are the different types of mode (run code) in Call Transaction method? Ans There are three modes in Call Transaction: A – Displays All Screen E – Display Errors N – Background Processing 210) Write the transaction code of Customer Master Data, Pricing, Inquiry, Quotation and Sales Order. Ans Customer Master Data – XD01

Pricing Inquiry – VA11 Quotation – VA21 Sales Order – VA01 - MM01 211) What are the fields of Sales Order? Ans Transaction Code of Sales Order: VA01 Table of Sales Order: VBAK Order Type – AUART Sales Org – VKORG Dist Channel – VTWEG Division – SPART Sales Office – VKBUR Sales Group – VKGRP 212) What are different types of screen keywords? Ans There are four types of screen keywords: Module, Loop, Chain and Field. 213) Write special commands of List. Ans There are four specials commands of lists: Write, Uline, Skip and New-Page 214) Write the following in different manner. IF ( A GE B ) AND ( A LE C) Ans IF A BETWEEN B AND C 215) What are the different types of ABAP statements? Ans There are six types of ABAP statements:

1) Declarative – Types, Data, Tables 2) Modularization – Event Keywords and Defining Keywords 3) Control – If…Else, While, Case 4) Call – Perform, Call, Set User Command, Submit, Leave to 5) Operational – Write, Add, Move 6) Database – Open SQL & Native SQL 216) How data is stored in cluster table? Ans Each field of cluster table behaves as tables, which contains the number of entries. 217) What are client dependant objects in ABAP / SAP? Ans SAP Script layout, text element, and some DDIC objects. 218) On which event we can validate the input fields in module programs? Ans In PAI (Write field statement on field you want to validate, if you want to validate group of fields put in chain and End chain statement.) 219) In selection screen, I have three fields, plant material number and material group. If I input plant how do I get the material number and material group based on plant dynamically? Ans AT SELECTION-SCREEN ON VALUE-REQUEST FOR MATERIAL. CALL FUNCTION ‘F4IF_INT_TABLE_VALUE_REQUEST’ to get material and material group for the plant. 220) How do you get output from IDOC? Ans Data in IDOC is stored in segments; the output from IDOC is obtained by reading the data stored in its respective segments. 221) When top of the page event is triggered?

Ans After executing first write statement in start-of-selection event. 222) Can we create field without data element and how? Ans In SE11, one option is available above the fields strip i.e. Data element / direct type. 223) Fields of VBAK Table. Ans VBAK – Sales Document : Header Data Details about Sales Organization, Distribution Channel, Division, Sales Group, Sales Office, Business Area, Outline Agreements, etc 224) Which transaction code can I used to analyze the performance of ABAP program. Ans Transaction Code AL21. 225) How can I copy a standard table to make my own Z_TABLE? Ans Go to transaction SE11. Then there is one option to copy table. Press that button. Enter the name of the standard table and in the Target table enter Z_table name and press enter. 226) What is runtime analysis? Have you used this? Ans It checks program execution time in microseconds. When you go to SE30. If you give desired program name in performance file. It will take you to below screen. You can get how much fast is your program. 227) What is meant by performance analysis? Ans 228) How to transfer the objects? Have you transferred any objects? Ans 229) How did you test the developed objects? Ans There are two types of testing

- Negative testing - Positive testing In negative testing, we will give negative data in input and we check any errors occurs. In positive testing, we will give positive data in input for checking errors. 230) How did you handle errors in Call Transaction? Ans We can create an internal table like ‘bsgmcgcoll’. All the messages will go to internal table. We can get errors in this internal table. Below messages are go to internal table. When you run the call transaction. 1) TCODE 2) Message Type 3) Message Id 4) Message Number 5) MSGV1 6) MSGV2 7) MSGV3 MSGV4 CALL TRANSACTION TCODE USING BDCDATA MODE A/N/E. UPDATE MODE A/S MESSAGE INTO BDCDATA. THEN PUT LOOP…ENDLOOP OF BDCMSGCOLL CALL FUNCTION ‘FORMAT_WRITE’ EXPORT = SYSTEM FIELD IMPORT = MSG TEXT ERROR 231) Among the Call Transaction and Session Method, which is faster?

Ans Call transaction is faster then session method. But usually we use session method in real time…because we can transfer large amount of data from internal table to database and if any errors in a session, then process will not complete until session get correct. 232) What are the difference between Interactive and Drill Down Reports? Ans ABAP/4 provides some interactive events on lists such as AT LINE-SELECTION (double click) or AT USER-COMMAND (pressing a button). You can use these events to move through layers of information about individual items in a list. Drill down report is nothing but interactive report…drilldown means above paragraph only. 233) How to pass the variables to forms? Ans 234) What is the table, which contain the details of all the name of the programs and forms? Ans Table contains vertical and horizontal lines. We can store the data in table as blocks. We can scroll depends upon your wish. And these all are stored in database (data dictionary). 235) What are Standard Texts? Ans 236) What is the difference between Clustered Tables and Pooled Tables? Ans A pooled table is used to combine several logical tables in the ABAP/4 dictionary. Pooled tables are logical tables that must be assigned to a table pool when they are defined. Cluster table are logical tables that must be assigned to a table cluster when they are defined. Cluster table can be used to store control data. They can also used to store temporary data or text such as documentation.

237) What is PF-STATUS? Ans PF-Status is used in interactive report for enhancing the functionality. If we go to SE41, we can get menus, items and different function keys, which we are using for secondary list in interactive report. 238) Among “Move” and “Move Corresponding”, which is efficient one? Ans I guess, ‘move corresponding’ is very efficient then ‘move’ statement. Because usually we use this statement for internal table fields only…so if we give move corresponding. Those fields only moving to other place (what ever you want). 239) What are the Output Type, Transaction codes, Page Format? Ans 240) Where we use Chain and End chain? Ans In Screen Programming 241) Do you use select statement in loop…end loop, how will be the performance? To improve the performance? Ans 242) In select-options, how to get the default values as current month first date and last date by default? Eg: 1/12/2004 and 31/12/2004 Ans 243) What are IDOCs? Ans IDOCs are intermediate documents to hold the messages as a container. 244) What are screen painter? Menu painter? Gui status? ..etc. Ans dynpro – flow logic + screens. menu painter GUI Status – It is subset of the interface elements (title bar, menu bar, standard tool bar, push buttons) used for a certain screen.

The status comprises those elements that are currently needed by the transaction. 245) What is screen flow logic? What are the sections in it? Explain PAI and PBO. Ans The control statements that control the screen flow. PBO – This event is triggered before the screen is displayed. PAI – This event is responsible for processing of screen after the user enters the data and clicks the pushbutton. 246) Overall how do you write transaction programs in SAP? Ans Create program-SE93-create transaction code -Run it from command field. Create the transaction using object browser (SE80) Define the objects e.g. screen, Transactions. – Modules – PBO, PAI. 247) Does SAP has a GUI screen painter or not? If yes what operating systems is it available on? What is the other type of screen painter called? Ans Yes. Operating System – Windows based Screen Painter – Alpha numeric Screen Painter 248) What are step loops? How do you program page down page up in step loops? Ans Step loops are repeated blocks of field in a screen. Step loops: Method of displaying a set of records. Page down & Page up: decrement / increment base counter Index = base + sy-step1 – 1 249) Is ABAP a GUI language? Ans Yes, ABAP IS AN EVENT DRIVEN LANGUAGE. 250) Normally how many and what files get created when a transaction program is written?

What is the XXXXXTOP program? Ans Main program with A Includes 1. TOP INCLUDE – GLOBAL DATA 2. Include for PBO 3. Include for PAI 4. Include for Forms 251) What are the include programs? Ans When the same sequence of statements in several programs is to be written repeatedly. They are coded in include programs (External programs) and are included in ABAP/4 programs. 252) Can you call a subroutine of one program from another program? Ans Yes, only external subroutines Using ‘SUBMIT’ statement. 253) What are user exits? What is involved in writing them? What precautions are needed? Ans User defined functionality included to predefined SAP standards. Point in an SAP program where a customer’s own program can be called. In contrast to customer exits, user exits allow developers to access and modify program components and data objects in the standard system. On upgrade, each user exit must be checked to ensure that it conforms to the standard system. There are two types of user exit: 1. User exits that use INCLUDEs – These are customer enhancements that are called directly in the program. 2. User exits that use TABLEs – These are used and managed using Customizing. Should find the customer enhancements belonging to particular development class. 254) What are RFCs? How do you write RFCs on SAP side? Ans

255) What are the general naming conventions of ABAP programs? Ans Should start with Y or Z. 256) How do you find if a logical database exists for your program requirements? Ans SLDB-F4. 257) How do you find the tables to report from when the user just tell you the transaction he uses? And all the underlying data is from SAP structures? Ans Transaction code is entered in command field to open the table – Utilities – Table contents display. 258) How do you find the menu path for a given transaction in SAP? Ans 259) What are the different modules of SAP? Ans FI, CO, SD, MM, PP, HR. 260) How do you get help in ABAP? Ans HELP-SAP LIBRARY, by pressing F1 on a keyword. 261) What are different ABAP/4 editors? What are the differences? Ans 262) What are the different elements in layout sets? Ans PAGES, Page windows, Header, Paragraph, Character String, Windows. 263) Can you use if then else, perform..etc statements in sap script? Ans Yes. 264) What type of variables normally used in sap script to output data? Ans 265) How do you number pages in SAP Script layout outputs?

Ans & page & &next Page & 266) What takes most time in SAP script programming? Ans LAYOUT DESIGN AND LOGO INSERTION. 267) How do you use tab sets in layout sets? Ans Define paragraph with defined tabs. 268) How do you backup SAP Script layout sets? Can you download and upload? How? Ans SAP script backup :- In transaction SE71 goto Utilities -> Copy from client -> Give source form name, source client (000 default), Target form name. Download :- SE71, type form name -> Display -> Utilities -> form info -> List -> Save to PC file. Upload :- Create form with page, window, page window with the help of downloaded PC file. Text elements for Page windows to be copied from PC file. 269) What are presentation and application servers in SAP? Ans The application layer of an R/3 System is made up of the application servers and the message server. Application programs in an R/3 System are run on application servers. The application servers communicate with the presentation components, the database, and also with each other, using the message server. 270) In an ABAP/4 program, how do you access data that exists on Presentation Server vs on an Application Server? Ans Using loop statements and Flat 271) What are different data types in ABAP/4? Ans Elementary Predefined: C, D, F, I, N, P, T, X.

User defined: TYPES. Structured Predefined: TABLES. User defined: Field Strings and internal tables. 272) What is difference between session method and Call Transaction? Ans Call Transaction – 1. Single transaction 2. Synchronous processing 3. Asynchronous and Synchronous update 4. No session log is created 5. Faster Session – 1. Multiple Transaction 2. Asynchronous processing 3. Synchronous update 4. Session log is created 5. Slower 273) Setting up a BDC program where you find information from? Ans 274) What has to be done to the packed fields before submitting to a BDC session. Ans Fields converted into character type. 275) What is the structure of a BDC sessions. Ans BDCDATA (standard structure). 276) What are the fields in a BDC_Tab Table.

Ans PROGRAM, DYNPRO, DYNBEGIN, FNAM, FVAL. 277) What do you define in the domain and data element. Ans Domain – Technical details are defined in Domain like data type, number of decimal places and length. Data Element – Functionality details are defined in Data elements – Field Text, Column Captions, Parameters ID, and Online Field Documentation. 278) What is the difference between a pool table and a transparent table and how they are stored at the database level. Ans Pool tables are a logical representation of transparent tables. Hence no existence at database level. Where as transparent tables are physical tables and exist at database level. Pool Table 4) Many to One Relationship. 5) Table in the Dictionary has the different name, different number of fields, and the fields have the different name as in the R3 Table definition. 6) It can hold only pooled tables. Transparent Table – 4) One to One relationship. 5) Table in the Dictionary has the same name, same number of fields, and the fields have the same name as in the R3 Table definition. 6) It can hold Application data. 279) What is cardinality? Ans For cardinality one out of two (domain or data element) should be the same for Ztest1 and Ztest2 tables. M:N Cardinality specifies the number of dependent(Target) and independent (source) entities which can be in a relationship.

280) For Sales Document: Item Data, which table is used? Ans VBAP – Sales Document, Sales Document Item, Material Number, Material Entered, Batch Number, Material Group, Target Quantity in Sales Document. 281) What are the types of tables? Ans 1) Transparent table 5) Pool table 2) Cluster table are data dictionary table objects 6) Sorted table 3) Indexed table 7) Hash table 4) Internal tables. 282) What are pooled table? Ans Table pools (pools) and table clusters (clusters) are special table types in the ABAP Dictionary. The data from several different tables can be stored together in a table pool or table cluster. Tables assigned to a table pool or table cluster are referred to as pooled tables or cluster tables. A table in the database in which all records from the pooled tables assigned to the table pool are stored corresponds to a table pool. The definition of a pool consists essentially of two key fields (Tabname and Varkey) and a long argument field (Vardata). Table Clusters Several logical data records from different cluster tables can be stored together in one physical record in a table cluster. A cluster key consists of a series of freely definable key fields and a field (Pageno) for distinguishing continuation records. A cluster also contains a long field (Vardata) that contains the contents of the data fields of the cluster tables for this key. If the data does not fit into the long field, continuation records are created. Control information on the structure of the data string is still written at the beginning of the Vardata field.

283) What are Hashed Tables? Ans Hashed tables – This is the most appropriate type for any table where the main operation is key access. You cannot access a hashed table using its index. The response time for key access remains constant, regardless of the number of table entries. Like database tables, hashed tables always have a unique key. Hashed tables are useful if you want to construct and use an internal table, which resembles a database table or for processing large amounts of data. SAMPLE PROG: THIS DOES NOTHING. REPORT Z_1 . TABLES: MARA. DATA: I TYPE HASHED TABLE OF MARA WITH UNIQUE KEY MATNR 284) How did you test the form u developed? How did you take the print of it? Ans 285) How many maximum number of fields can be there in a table? Ans 286) How many primary keys can be there in a table? Ans 287) What are the steps to perform Performance Tuning? What will you do increase the performance of your system? Ans 288) What is mandatory in Screen Painter? Ans 289) If u are entering large amount of data, and system fails, then how many records will be entered or no records or half records will be entered? Ans

290) In Screen Painter, if two fields are mandatory and user do not want to enter anything but he wants to come out of the screen, then what will he do? Ans 291) What is At-Exit and User-Exit? Ans 292) How will you find the standard tables, you only know there names like Customer Master Table? Ans 293) How will change Development Class? Ans 294) How will you call both Function Module and Function Group? Ans 295) What is ALV? Ans 296) What is Chain-Field & Chain-Loop? Ans 297) What is Value-Ranges? Ans 298) How will you provide help for value request particular fields? Ans 299) How will you find relationship between two or more tables? Ans 300) In BDC’s, if you forget to write one field, then how will you modify that field in your BDC program?

Ans 301) Detail concept of Transport Organizer. Ans 302) Which is slower “Select *” and “Select field1,field2”? Ans 303) What are the errors in “Call Transaction”? Ans 304) What is QA and production? Ans 305) How will you display only 10 lines in Report? Ans 306) In BDC, if out of 10 records, 7 are successful and there are 3 records with some missing fields, how will you modify those fields? Ans 307) How will you set breakpoint to 100 messages? Ans 308) How will you set Reports to Background job? Ans 309) Name the tables, which is used to see all the transaction available. Ans See tables, TSTC and TSTCT for all the transaction available 311) How to schedule a Report in background? what is the use of background job please explain about it? Ans There are 3 ways to schedule in background: SM36

SE38 SA38 The easiest of the three is SA38. Why background? In foreground jobs are only allowed a certain amount of runtime. Long running jobs usually times out in foreground, and have to be run background. Some customers has day-end jobs to fill custom tables, and these only run late at night, so they are scheduled as background jobs as well. There may be any of a hundred reasons why you want a job to run in background instead of foreground, and these are only 2 of them. Tweet Related Tutorials • SAP BDC QUESTIONS & Answers • ABAP SYSTEM-FIELDS • SAP LOGICAL DATABASE INTERVIEW QUESTIONS • SAP MODULARIZATION INTERVIEW QUESTIONS • SAP TRANSACTIONS INTERVIEW QUESTIONS

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Categories o ACCESS o Adobe AIR o Adobe illustrator o Adobe InDesign o Android o AutoCAD o BSD

C# CATIA COBOL CPP Dreamweaver EXCEL Fireworks Flash GIMP J2EE J2ME JAVA JavaFX MAINFRAME ORACLE Database osCommerce Peoplesoft Photoshop PHP PYTHON questions SAP SOA Architecture Software Testing SOLARIS SYMBIAN UBUNTU Visual Basic ( VB ) Web Content Management WebLogic Server What is an ABAP? o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o

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ABAP (Advanced Business Application Programming) is a high level programming language created by the German software company SAP. It is currently positioned as the language for programming SAP's Web Application Server, part of its NetWeaver platform for building business applications. Its syntax is somewhat similar to COBOL. What is an ABAP data dictionary? ABAP 4 data dictionary describes the logical structures of the objects used in application development and shows how they are mapped to the underlying relational database in tables/views. What are domains and data element? Domains:Domain is the central object for describing the technical characteristics of an attribute of an business objects. It describes the value range of the field. Data Element: It is used to describe the semantic definition of the table fields like description the field. Data element describes how a field can be displayed to end-user.

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What is foreign key relationship? A relationship which can be defined between tables and must be explicitly defined at field level. Foreign keys are used to ensure the consistency of data. Data entered should be checked against existing data to ensure that there are now contradiction. While defining foreign key relationship cardinality has to be specified. Cardinality mentions how many dependent records or how referenced records are possible. Describe data classes. Master data: It is the data which is seldom changed. Transaction data: It is the data which is often changed. Organization data: It is a customizing data which is entered in the system when the system is configured and is then rarely changed. System data:It is the data which R/3 system needs for itself. What are indexes? Indexes are described as a copy of a database table reduced to specific fields. This data exists in sorted form. This sorting form ease fast access to the field of the tables. In order that other fields are also read, a pointer to the associated record of the actual table are included in the index. The indexes are activated along with the table and are created automatically with it in the database. Difference between transparent tables and pooled tables. Transparent tables: Transparent tables in the dictionary has a one-to-one relation with the table in database. Its structure corresponds to single database field. Table in the database has the same name as in the dictionary. Transparent table holds application data. Pooled tables. Pooled tables in the dictionary has a many-to-one relation with the table in database. Table in the database has the different name as in the dictionary. Pooled table are stored in table pool at the database level. What is an ABAP/4 Query? ABAP/4 Query is a powerful tool to generate simple reports without any coding. ABAP/4 Query can generate the following 3 simple reports: Basic List: It is the simple reports. Statistics: Reports with statistical functions like Average, Percentages. Ranked Lists: For analytical reports. - For creating a ABAP/4 Query, programmer has to create user group and a functional group. Functional group can be created using with or without logical database table. Finally, assign user group to functional group. Finally, create a query on the functional group generated. What is BDC programming? Transferring of large/external/legacy data into SAP system using Batch Input programming. Batch input is a automatic procedure referred to as BDC(Batch Data Communications). The central component of the transfer is a queue file which receives the data vie a batch input programs and groups associated data into “sessions”. What are the functional modules used in sequence in BDC?

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These are the 3 functional modules which are used in a sequence to perform a data transfer successfully using BDC programming: BDC_OPEN_GROUP Parameters like Name of the client, sessions and user name are specified in this functional modules. BDC_INSERT - It is used to insert the data for one transaction into a session. BDC_CLOSE_GROUP - This is used to close the batch input session. What are internal tables? Internal tables are a standard data type object which exists only during the runtime of the program. They are used to perform table calculations on subsets of database tables and for re-organizing the contents of database tables according to users need. What is ITS? What are the merits of ITS?- ITS is a Internet Transaction Server. ITS forms an interface between HTTP server and R/3 system, which converts screen provided data by the R/3 system into HTML documents and vice-versa. Merits of ITS: A complete web transaction can be developed and tested in R/3 system. All transaction components, including those used by the ITS outside the R/3 system at runtime, can be stored in the R/3 system. The advantage of automatic language processing in the R/3 system can be utilized to languagedependent HTML documents at runtime. What is DynPro? DynPro is a Dynamic Programming which is a combination of screen and the associated flow logic Screen is also called as DynPro. What are screen painter and menu painter? Screen painter: Screen painter is a tool to design and maintain screen and its elements. It allows user to create GUI screens for the transactions. Attributes, layout, filed attributes and flow logic are the elements of Screen painter. Menu painter: Menu painter is a tool to design the interface components. Status, menu bars, menu lists, F-key settings, functions and titles are the components of Menu painters. Screen painter and menu painter both are the graphical interface of an ABAP/4 applications. What are the components of SAP scripts? SAP scripts is a word processing tool of SAP which has the following components: Standard text. It is like a standard normal documents. Layout sets. - Layout set consists of the following components: Windows and pages, Paragraph formats, Character formats. Creating forms in the R/3 system. Every layout set consists of Header, paragraph, and character string. ABAP/4 program. What is ALV programming in ABAP? When is this grid used in ABAP? ALV is Application List viewer. Sap provides a set of ALV (ABAP LIST VIEWER) function modules which can be put into use to embellish the output of a report. This set of ALV functions is used to enhance the readability and functionality of any report output. Cases arise in sap when the output of a

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report contains columns extending more than 255 characters in length. In such cases, this set of ALV functions can help choose selected columns and arrange the different columns from a report output and also save different variants for report display. This is a very efficient tool for dynamically sorting and arranging the columns from a report output. The report output can contain up to 90 columns in the display with the wide array of display options. What are the events in ABAP/4 language? Initialization, At selection-screen, Start-of-selection, end-of-selection, top-ofpage, end-of-page, At line-selection, At user-command, At PF, Get, At New, At LAST, AT END, AT FIRST. What is CTS and what do you know about it? The Change and Transport System (CTS) is a tool that helps you to organize development projects in the ABAP Workbench and in Customizing, and then transport the changes between the SAP Systems and clients in your system landscape. This documentation provides you with an overview of how to manage changes with the CTS and essential information on setting up your system and client landscape and deciding on a transport strategy. Read and follow this documentation when planning your development project. What are logical databases? What are the advantages/ disadvantages of logical databases? To read data from a database tables we use logical database. A logical database provides read-only access to a group of related tables to an ABAP/4 program. Advantages: i)check functions which check that user input is complete, correct,and plausible. ii)Meaningful data selection. iii)central authorization checks for database accesses. iv)good read access performance while retaining the hierarchical data view determined by the application logic. dis advantages: i)If you donot specify a logical database in the program attributes,the GET events never occur. ii)There is no ENDGET command,so the code block associated with an event ends with the next event statement (such as another GET or an END-OF-SELECTION). What is a batch input session? BATCH INPUT SESSION is an intermediate step between internal table and database table. Data along with the action is stored in session ie data for screen fields, to which screen it is passed, program name behind it, and how next screen is processed. How to upload data using CATT ? These are the steps to be followed to Upload data through CATT: Creation of the CATT test case & recording the sample data input. Download of the source file template. Modification of the source file. Upload of the data from the source file. What is Smart Forms? Smart Forms allows you to create forms using a graphical design tool with

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robust functionality, color, and more. Additionally, all new forms developed at SAP will be created with the new Smart Form solution. How can I make a differentiation between dependent and independent data? Client dependent or independent transfer requirements include client specific or cross client objects in the change requests. Workbench objects like SAPscripts are client specific, some entries in customizing are client independent. If you display the object list for one change request, and then for each object the object attributes, you will find the flag client specific. If one object in the task list has this flag on, then that transport will be client dependent. What is the difference between macro and subroutine? Macros can only be used in the program the are defined in and only after the definition are expanded at compilation / generation. Subroutines (FORM) can be called from both the program the are defined in and other programs . A MACRO is more or less an abbreviation for some lines of code that are used more than once or twice. A FORM is a local subroutine (which can be called external). A FUNCTION is (more or less) a subroutine that is called external. Since debugging a MACRO is not really possible, prevent the use of them (I’ve never used them, but seen them in action). If the subroutine is used only local (called internal) use a FORM. If the subroutine is called external (used by more than one program) use a FUNCTION. What is the differences between structure and table in data dictionary in ABAP? Structure and table both are 2/2 matrices but there are many differences between table and structure. 1. Table can store the data physically but a structure dose not store. 2. Table can have primary key but a structure dose not have. 3. Table can have the technical attribute but a structure dose not have.

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structure doesn't contain technical attributes. structure doesn't contain primary key. structure doesn't stores underline database level. What is the difference between collect and sum? SUM. When processing an internal table in a block starting with LOOP and concluded by ENDLOOP , SUM calculates the control totals of all fields of type I , F and P (see also ABAP/4 number types ) and places them in the LOOP output area (header line of the internal table or an explicitly specified work area). When you use SUM in a LOOP with an explicitly specified output area, this output area must be compatible with the line type of the internal table.When using LOOP to process a sorted extract (see SORT ), the control total of f at the end of the group appears in the field SUM(f) - - if f is type I , F or P .

COLLECT. COLLECT is used to create unique or compressed datsets. The key fields are the default key fields of the internal table itab . If you use only COLLECT to fill an internal table, COLLECT makes sure that the internal table does not contain two entries with the same default key fields. If, besides its default key fields, the internal table contains number fields,the contents of these number fields are added together if the internal table already contains an entry with the same key fields. If the default key of an internal table processed with COLLECT is blank, all the values are added up in the first table line. If you specify wa INTO , the entry to be processed is taken from the explicitly specified work area wa . If not, it comes from the header line of the internal table itab . After COLLECT , the system field SY-TABIX contains the index of the - existing or new - table entry with default key fields which match those of the entry to be processed. COLLECT can create unique or compressed datasets and should be used precisely for this purpose. If uniqueness or compression are unimportant, or two values with identical default key field values could not possibly occur in your particular task, you should use APPEND instead. However, for a unique or compressed dataset which is also efficient, COLLECT is the statement to use. If you process a table with COLLECT , you should also use COLLECT to fill it. Only by doing this can you guarantee that the internal table will actually be unique or compressed, as described above and COLLECT will run very efficiently.

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If you use COLLECT with an explicitly specified work area, it must be compatible with the line type of the internal table. How we format the data before before write statement in report ? We can format the reports output by using the loop events like: 1.at first 2.at new 3.at last etc check docu What is the difference between Table and Template? table is a dynamic and template is a static When do we use End-of-selection?

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End-of-selection event are mostly used when we are writing HR-ABAP code. In the HR-ABAP code, data is retrived in the Start-of-selection event and Printing on the list and all will be done in End-of-selection event. In events start-of-selection is default event. When we have to use this event explicitly? Why? The default event in the ABAP is Start-of-selection.We have to call explicitely this event when you are writing other than ths event , that is when you write AT SELECTION-SCREEN EVENTS OR INITIALIZATION EVENT etc,you have to explicitely mention the Start-of-selection event while you are writing the logic. Before these events called ,all the code you have written come into this default Start-of-selection screen event. What is the differences between ABAP and OOABAP. In which situation we use OOABAP? OOABAP is used to develop BSP/PCUI applications and also anthing involved object oriented like BADIs, SmartForms..etc.where as ABAP is used to develop traditional programs in R/3. What is table buffer? Which type of tables used this buffer? buffer is nothing but a memory area. table is buffered means that table information is available on application server. when you call data from database table it will come from application server. transperent and pooled tables are buffered. cluster tables can not buffered. What is the use of pretty printer ? Exactly where can we link the functional module to abap coding. Pretty Printer is used to format the ABAP Code we write in ABAP Editor ,like KEY WORDS in Capitals and remaining are in small letters which is also depend on system settings.

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We can call the function module in the ABAP Code .Press the Pattern button on Appl. tool bar then u will get box where u write the function module NAME which u want to call in the code by selecting the radio button CALL FUNCTION. In this way we link function module to ABAP Code. What is the difference between SAP memory and ABAP memory? Answer1: data sending between main sessions using get parameter and set parameter is sap memory data sending between internal sessions using import or export parameters is abap memory Answer2: sap memory is a global memory whereas abap memory is local memory.

For example, we have four programs in abap memory and assigned some varibles to a particular program in abap memory then those varibles can't be used by anyother program in abap memory i.e., the variables are only for that program and also local to that memory,whereas sap memory can access all the abap memory or else it can perform any kind of modifications.

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Answer3: SAP memory is available to the user during the entire terminal session. ABAP memory is available to the user during life time of external session. What is the difference between Type and Like? Answer1: TYPE, you assign datatype directly to the data object while declaring. LIKE,you assign the datatype of another object to the declaring data object. The datatype is referenced indirectly. Answer2: Type is a keyword used to refer to a data type whereas Like is a keyword used to copy the existing properties of already existing data object.

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Answer3: type refers the existing data type like refers the existing data object What is Tcode SE16. For what is it used. Explain briefly? Answer1: SE16 is a T-code for object browser. Generally used to search the fields of SAP Tables . and respective data. Answer2: se16 is a data browse and it is used to view the contents of the table and we cannot change or append new fields to the existing structure of the table as we cannot view the structure level display using the se16 What are different ABAP/4 editors? What are the differences? The 2 editors are se38 and se80 both have the abap editor in place. In se38 you can go create programs and view online reports and basically do all thedevelopmet of objects in this editor. In se80 ( object navigator) there are additional features such as creating packages,module pool , function group ,classes, programs ( where you can create ur programs) and BSP applications . What is difference between dialog program and a report? Report is a excecutable program Dialog is a module pool program.It has to be executed via a transaction only. Dialog programming is used for customization ofscreens How do you connect to the remote server if you are working from the office for the client in remote place. WAS web application server or ITS are generally used for this purpose. If you

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are sitting at your office with a server which is in the system and the other server is at the clients place you can generate IDOC, intermidiate documents which carry the data you want to transfer or the documents you want to transfer, these IDOC are interpretted by the system at the recieving end with the message class with which it is bound with. If you want to logon a system which is very distant..then remote login can be used this depends on the internet speed. Explain about roll area , Dispatcher, ABAP-Processor. Answer1: Roll area is nothing but memory allocated by work process. It holds the information needed by R/3 about programs execution such as value of the variables. Dispatcher :All the requests that come from presentation server will be directed first to dispatcher. Further dispatcher sends this requests to work process on FIFO(First In and First Out) basis. Answer2: Dispatcher recieves the request from client and assigns the request to one of the work process. Roll area: Each workprocess works in a particular memory that memory is known as Role Area, which consists of User context and session data. ABAP- Processor :is an interpretor which can execute logic Which one is not an exit comand ? (Exit, cencle, stop, back) STOP. Effect :The statement STOP is only to be used in executable programs EXIT. Effect :If the EXIT statement is executed outside of a loop, it will immediately terminate the current processing block. BACK. Effect : This statement positions the list cursor on the first position of the first line in a logical unit. So "Cancle" is not an exit command

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What is Field symbol ? Answer1: You can use field symbols to make the program more dynamic. In this example the name of a table control is substituted by a field symbol. Thus you cal call the form with any internal table, using the name of the table control as a parameter. Example form insert_row using p_tc_name.

field-symbols type cxtab_control. "Table control assign (p_tc_name) to . * insert 100 lines in table control -lines = 100.

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Answer2: fieldsymbol has the same concept as pointer in c, fieldsymbol don't point to a data type like char, num instead of that it points to the memory block. the syntax for fieldsymbol is FIELD-SYMBOL . EG. FOR FIELD SYMBOL. DATA: DAT LIKE SY-DATUM, TIM LIKE SY-UZEIT, CHAR(3) TYPE C VALUE 'ADF'. FIELD-SYMBOL : . MOVE DAT TO . WRITE:/ . MOVE TIM TO . WRITE:/ . MOVE CHAR TO . WRITE:/ . The output will be Today's date current time What is lock object ? LockObjects used to synchornize access of several users using same data. Why BAPI need then BDC ? BAPI"S provide the standard interface to other applications apart from SAP and within differnt vesions of SAP too. Also it is OOD bases so dosen"t depends on screen flow. BDC gets failed if we make changes for screen changes through IMG customization What are the advantages and disadvantages of using views in ABAP programming ? advantages: view is used to retrieve the data very fastly from the database tables *memory wastage is reduced *faster than joins to retrieve the data from database tables disadvantages: view is not a container,it will not hold the data *view memory is not permanent memory How data is stored in cluster table? A cluster table conatins data from mulitple DDIC tables. It stores data as a name value pair ( varkey, vardata)

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Have you used performance tuning? What major steps will you use for these? First of all tunning can be done In three ways: disk i/o ,sql tunning , memory tunning, Before tunning u have to get the status of your database using Oracle utility called statpack , tkprof, then you should go for tunning How to create client independent tables? client independent tables: the table in which the first field is not mandt is the client independent tables *mandt is the field with mandt as the data element *automatically client which we login is populated to mandt What type of user exits have you written? there are four types 1.function exit 2.menu ixit 3.screen exit. 4.field exit. these are the user exits How can you debug a script form? SE71 -> give the form name -> utilities -> activate debugger How do we debug sapscript? First we need to put Break point in Print program where ever you want to stop the execution. After in SE71 give your form name and go to Utilities-->Active De-bugger. Then go to your transcation like VF03(for Invoice or Credit memo) etc to see the print preview or print the form execute it. When you execute it the the form Debugging will get activated and you can see your Form execution step by step. What are the different types of data dictionary objects? Answer1 Data Dictionary Objects * * * * * * * * *

Tables Views Domain Data Element Type Groups Search Helps/Matchcode Objects Lock objects Structures Table Types

Answer2 the dictionary objects are:

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domain dataelements tables views structures typegroups search helps lock objects etc which are data base related objects in sap What is the step by step process to create a table in data dictionary? Answer1 steps to create database tables 1.go to se11 2.give name the database table 3.give short description for the table 4.Give delivery class name as A and data browser / table view maint as Display/maintenence allowed 5.select fields tab 6.give field name data type(user defined element type/built-in-type),short text 7.select technical settings tab ,give data class as appl0 and size category as 0 8.save it 9.go utillities menu click table contents select create and enter the field values then select display in table contents and u can view the table values with field lables Answer2 bottom to top approach: _________________________ step 1: creating a domain: *se11,select the object type as domain ,name it ,create,description,enter the datatype and length(size),save ,activate step2: creating a dataelement; se11,select the object type as :date element,name it ,create,desc,assign it with a domain what we created now,save,activate it. step3: creating a table; se11,select the object type as table,name it, create, enter the field name and assign it with the data element instead of assigning a datatype to it, like this create req fields: on behalf of this: table maintainence: assign the type of the table ie.,A C G L S NEXT maintaince: allowed,not allowed ,allowed with restricions

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______________________________________________ fields of a table:(as descripted above) ___________________________________________ techical settings: A0 OR A1 AND BUFFERED OR NON-BUFFERED Can a transparent table exist in data dictionary but not in the data base physically? Answer1 NO. TRANSPARENT TABLE DO EXIST WITH THE SAME STRUCTURE BOTH IN THE DICTIONARY AS WELL AS IN THE DATABASE,EXACTLY WITH THE SAME DATA AND FIELDS. No, at the point you will activate your table a same transparent table is going to be create in database Answer2 Yes, a transparent table(definition) can exist in the data dictionary and not in the database. In this case, it is not activated

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What are the domains and data elements? domains: ___________

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domains are the dictionary objects that are assigned with constants and data types data elements: ______________ data elements are dictionary objects that are assigned with the domains. uses:' * data elements are used to create relation between tables. * data elements are used to transfer the data from one R/3 to another R/3. * to create search helps. What is a collect statement? How is it different from append? APPEND : IT IS USED TO GET THE RECORD FROM THE INTERNAL TABLE HEADER TO THE BODY AREA IT ALLOWS DUPLICATION COLLECT: IT IS USED TO A GET A RECORD FROM HEADER TO THE BODY AREA BUT IT WILL NOT ALLOW ANY DUPLICATION EXCEPT IF THERE IS ANY NUMERIC FIELS IT ADDS THAT FIELDS DATA BUT NOT AS A NEW RECORD

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On ABAP: Did you set up a workflow? Are you familiar with all steps for setting up a workflow? Yes. Execute the Txn SWDD(Creating a new Workflow). In the header of the Workflow, define the Business Object and Event you refer to for triggering the Wf. Create the Steps required for your workflow(Activity). Inside the Activity, Create the task and assign the Business Object and the related method for that business object. Activate the Workflow. In the ‘select’ statement what is “group by”? Group by clause is used to fetch the data from the table by the specified field ex.select count (*) from emptable group by deptno where deptno = 1. It is used to find the number of employees present in the specified department no. How can I copy a standard table to make my own z_table? WE CAN CREATE A STRUCTURE LIKE THE SAME STRUCTURE AS DATABASE TABLE AND WE CAN USE SELECT* FROM DATABASE TABLE INTO TABLE ITAB OR INSERT INTO ITAB VALUES DATABASE TABLE From Excel to ABAP - Is batch mode possible ? DATA w_file TYPE string. * Convert the file path into string w_file = p_input. * Internal Table should have same field sequence as EXL File. CLEAR t_upload. REFRESH t_upload. * Call function to upload the data into internal table CALL FUNCTION 'GUI_UPLOAD' EXPORTING filename = w_file filetype = 'ASC' has_field_separator = 'X' TABLES data_tab = t_upload EXCEPTIONS file_open_error = 1 file_read_error = 2 no_batch = 3 gui_refuse_filetransfer = 4 invalid_type = 5

no_authority = 6 unknown_error = 7 bad_data_format = 8 header_not_allowed = 9 separator_not_allowed = 10 header_too_long = 11 unknown_dp_error = 12 access_denied = 13 dp_out_of_memory = 14 disk_full = 15 dp_timeout = 16 OTHERS = 17. IF sy-subrc NE 0. * MESSAGE ID sy-msgid TYPE sy-msgty NUMBER sy-msgno * WITH sy-msgv1 sy-msgv2 sy-msgv3 sy-msgv4. ELSE. * Delete the first row of heading from the uploaded table DELETE t_upload INDEX 1. ENDIF. " IF sy-subrc EQ 0.

What is the difference between collect and sum? SUM. When processing an internal table in a block starting with LOOP and concluded by ENDLOOP , S totals of all fields of type I , F and P (see also ABAP/4 number types ) and places them in the LO the internal table or an explicitly specified work area).

When you use SUM in a LOOP with an explicitly specified output area, this output area must be of the internal table.When using LOOP to process a sorted extract (see SORT ), the control tota appears in the field SUM(f) - - if f is type I , F or P .

COLLECT. COLLECT is used to create unique or compressed datsets. The key fields are the default key fie

If you use only COLLECT to fill an internal table, COLLECT makes sure that the internal table do the same default key fields.

If, besides its default key fields, the internal table contains number fields,the contents of these together if the internal table already contains an entry with the same key fields.

If the default key of an internal table processed with COLLECT is blank, all the values are adde

If you specify wa INTO , the entry to be processed is taken from the explicitly specified work ar header line of the internal table itab .

After COLLECT , the system field SY-TABIX contains the index of the - existing or new - table en which match those of the entry to be processed.

COLLECT can create unique or compressed datasets and should be used precisely for this purp compression are unimportant, or two values with identical default key field values could not po task, you should use APPEND instead. However, for a unique or compressed dataset which is a statement to use.

If you process a table with COLLECT , you should also use COLLECT to fill it. Only by doing this internal table will actually be unique or compressed, as described above and COLLECT will run

If you use COLLECT with an explicitly specified work area, it must be compatible with the line t How we format the data before before write statement in report ? We can format the reports output by using the loop events like: 1.at first 2.at new 3.at last etc check docu What is the difference between Table and Template? table is a dynamic and template is a static

When do we use End-of-selection? End-of-selection event are mostly used when we are writing HR-ABAP code. In the HR-ABAP c Start-of-selection event and Printing on the list and all will be done in End-of-selection event.

In events start-of-selection is default event. When we have to use this event explici The default event in the ABAP is Start-of-selection.We have to call explicitely this event when y event , that is when you write AT SELECTION-SCREEN EVENTS OR INITIALIZATION EVENT etc mention the Start-of-selection event while you are writing the logic.

Before these events called ,all the code you have written come into this default Start-of-selecti

What is the differences between ABAP and OOABAP. In which situation we use OOAB OOABAP is used to develop BSP/PCUI applications and also anthing involved object oriented lik SmartForms..etc.where as ABAP is used to develop traditional programs in R/3.

What is table buffer? Which type of tables used this buffer? buffer is nothing but a memory area. table is buffered means that table information is availabl you call data from database table it will come from application server. transperent and pooled tables are buffered. cluster tables can not buffered. What is the use of pretty printer ? Exactly where can we link the functional module to abap coding.

Pretty Printer is used to format the ABAP Code we write in ABAP Editor ,like KEY WORDS in Cap letters which is also depend on system settings.

We can call the function module in the ABAP Code .Press the Pattern button on Appl. tool bar t the function module NAME which u want to call in the code by selecting the radio button CALL function module to ABAP Code. What is the difference between SAP memory and ABAP memory? Answer1: data sending between main sessions using get parameter and set parameter is sap memory data sending between internal sessions using import or export parameters is abap memory Answer2: sap memory is a global memory whereas abap memory is local memory.

For example, we have four programs in abap memory and assigned some varibles to a particu then those varibles can't be used by anyother program in abap memory i.e., the variables are local to that memory,whereas sap memory can access all the abap memory or else it can perfo Answer3: SAP memory is available to the user during the entire terminal session. ABAP memory is available to the user during life time of external session.

What is an ABAP? ABAP (Advanced Business Application Programming) is a high level programming language cre company SAP. It is currently positioned as the language for programming SAP's Web Applicatio platform for building business applications. Its syntax is somewhat similar to COBOL.

What is an ABAP data dictionary? ABAP 4 data dictionary describes the logical structures of the objects used in application devel are mapped to the underlying relational database in tables/views.

What are domains and data element? Domains:Domain is the central object for describing the technical characteristics of an attribut describes the value range of the field. Data Element: It is used to describe the semantic definit description the field. Data element describes how a field can be displayed to end-user.

What is foreign key relationship? A relationship which can be defined between tables and must be explicitly defined at field leve ensure the consistency of data. Data entered should be checked against existing data to ensur contradiction. While defining foreign key relationship cardinality has to be specified. Cardinalit dependent records or how referenced records are possible.

Describe data classes. Master data: It is the data which is seldom changed. Transaction data: It is the data which is of data: It is a customizing data which is entered in the system when the system is configured an System data:It is the data which R/3 system needs for itself.

What are indexes? Indexes are described as a copy of a database table reduced to specific fields. This data exists form ease fast access to the field of the tables. In order that other fields are also read, a pointe

the actual table are included in the index. The indexes are activated along with the table and a in the database. Difference between transparent tables and pooled tables.

Transparent tables: Transparent tables in the dictionary has a one-to-one relation with the tabl corresponds to single database field. Table in the database has the same name as in the dictio application data. Pooled tables. Pooled tables in the dictionary has a many-to-one relation with the database has the different name as in the dictionary. Pooled table are stored in table pool

What is an ABAP/4 Query? ABAP/4 Query is a powerful tool to generate simple reports without any coding. ABAP/4 Query simple reports: Basic List: It is the simple reports. Statistics: Reports with statistical functions l Ranked Lists: For analytical reports. - For creating a ABAP/4 Query, programmer has to create group. Functional group can be created using with or without logical database table. Finally, as group. Finally, create a query on the functional group generated.

What is BDC programming? Transferring of large/external/legacy data into SAP system using Batch Input programming. Ba procedure referred to as BDC(Batch Data Communications). The central component of the tran receives the data vie a batch input programs and groups associated data into “sessions”.

What are the functional modules used in sequence in BDC? These are the 3 functional modules which are used in a sequence to perform a data transfer su programming: BDC_OPEN_GROUP - Parameters like Name of the client, sessions and user nam modules. BDC_INSERT - It is used to insert the data for one transaction into a session. BDC_CLO close the batch input session.

What are internal tables? Internal tables are a standard data type object which exists only during the runtime of the prog table calculations on subsets of database tables and for re-organizing the contents of database need.

What is ITS? What are the merits of ITS?- ITS is a Internet Transaction Server. ITS forms an interface betwee which converts screen provided data by the R/3 system into HTML documents and vice-versa. transaction can be developed and tested in R/3 system. All transaction components, including the R/3 system at runtime, can be stored in the R/3 system. The advantage of automatic langu system can be utilized to language-dependent HTML documents at runtime.

What is DynPro? DynPro is a Dynamic Programming which is a combination of screen and the associated flow lo DynPro. What are screen painter and menu painter?

Screen painter: Screen painter is a tool to design and maintain screen and its elements. It allow for the transactions. Attributes, layout, filed attributes and flow logic are the elements of Scree painter is a tool to design the interface components. Status, menu bars, menu lists, F-key setti components of Menu painters. Screen painter and menu painter both are the graphical interfac

What are the components of SAP scripts? SAP scripts is a word processing tool of SAP which has the following components: Standard tex documents. Layout sets. - Layout set consists of the following components: Windows and page formats. Creating forms in the R/3 system. Every layout set consists of Header, paragraph, and program.

What is ALV programming in ABAP? When is this grid used in ABAP? ALV is Application List viewer. Sap provides a set of ALV (ABAP LIST VIEWER) function modules embellish the output of a report. This set of ALV functions is used to enhance the readability an output. Cases arise in sap when the output of a report contains columns extending more than such cases, this set of ALV functions can help choose selected columns and arrange the differe output and also save different variants for report display. This is a very efficient tool for dynam columns from a report output. The report output can contain up to 90 columns in the display w options. What are the events in ABAP/4 language?

Initialization, At selection-screen, Start-of-selection, end-of-selection, top-of-page, end-of-page command, At PF, Get, At New, At LAST, AT END, AT FIRST.

What is CTS and what do you know about it? The Change and Transport System (CTS) is a tool that helps you to organize development proje and in Customizing, and then transport the changes between the SAP Systems and clients in y documentation provides you with an overview of how to manage changes with the CTS and es up your system and client landscape and deciding on a transport strategy. Read and follow thi your development project.

What are logical databases? What are the advantages/ dis-advantages of logical dat To read data from a database tables we use logical database. A logical database provides read related tables to an ABAP/4 program. Advantages: i)check functions which check that user inpu plausible. ii)Meaningful data selection. iii)central authorization checks for database accesses. i performance while retaining the hierarchical data view determined by the application logic. dis specify a logical database in the program attributes,the GET events never occur. ii)There is no block associated with an event ends with the next event statement (such as another GET or an

What is a batch input session? BATCH INPUT SESSION is an intermediate step between internal table and database table. Dat in session ie data for screen fields, to which screen it is passed, program name behind it, and h How to upload data using CATT ?

These are the steps to be followed to Upload data through CATT: Creation of the CATT test cas input. Download of the source file template. Modification of the source file. Upload of the data

What is Smart Forms? Smart Forms allows you to create forms using a graphical design tool with robust functionality, all new forms developed at SAP will be created with the new Smart Form solution.

How can I make a differentiation between dependent and independent data? Client dependent or independent transfer requirements include client specific or cross client ob Workbench objects like SAPscripts are client specific, some entries in customizing are client ind object list for one change request, and then for each object the object attributes, you will find t object in the task list has this flag on, then that transport will be client dependent.

What is the difference between macro and subroutine? Macros can only be used in the program the are defined in and only after the definition are exp generation. Subroutines (FORM) can be called from both the program the are defined in and ot more or less an abbreviation for some lines of code that are used more than once or twice. A F (which can be called external). A FUNCTION is (more or less) a subroutine that is called externa not really possible, prevent the use of them (I’ve never used them, but seen them in action). If local (called internal) use a FORM. If the subroutine is called external (used by more than one p

What is the differences between structure and table in data dictionary in ABAP? Structure and table both are 2/2 matrices but there are many differences between table and st 1. Table can store the data physically but a structure dose not store. 2. Table can have primary key but a structure dose not have. 3. Table can have the technical attribute but a structure dose not have. structure doesn't contain technical attributes. structure doesn't contain primary key. structure doesn't stores underline database level. 1. Does every ABAP/4 have a modular structure? Yes. 2. What is Modularization and its benefits?

If the program contains the same or similar blocks of statements or it is required to process times, we can avoid redundancy by using modularization techniques. By modularizing the them easy to read and improve their structure. Modularized programs are also easier to m 3. Name the ABAP/4 Modularization techniques. ·

Source code module.

·

Subroutines.

·

Functions.

4. How can we create callable modules of program code within one ABAP/4 progr ·

By defining Macros.

·

By creating include programs in the library.

5. M is the attribute type of the module program. 6. Is it possible to pass data to and from include programs explicitly?

No. If it is required to pass data to and from modules it is required to use subroutines or fu 7. What are subroutines?

Subroutines are program modules, which can be called from other ABAP/4 programs or with 8. What are the types of Subroutines? ·

Internal Subroutines: The source code of the internal subroutines will be in the calling procedure (internal call).

·

External Subroutines: The source code of the external subroutines will be in a the calling procedure.

9. It is not possible to create an ABAP/4 program, which contains only Subroutine False. 10.

A subroutine can contain nested form and endform blocks. (T/F)

False. 11.Data can be passed between calling programs and the subroutines using 12.

What are the different types of parameters?

Formal Parameters: Parameters, which are defined during the definition of subroutine with the

Actual Parameters: Parameters which are specified during the call of a subroutine with the PER

13.

How can one distinguish between different kinds of parameters? ·

Input parameters are used to pass data to subroutines.

·

Output parameters are used to pass data from subroutines.

14.

What are the different methods of passing data? ·

Calling by reference: During a subroutine call, only the address of the actual p formal parameters. The formal parameter has no memory of its own, and we wor program within the subroutine. If we change the formal parameter, the field cont changes.

·

Calling by value: During a subroutine call, the formal parameters are created parameters. The formal parameters have memory of their own. Changes to the f effect on the actual parameters.

·

Calling by value and result: During a subroutine call, the formal parameters a actual parameters. The formal parameters have their own memory space. are copied to the actual parameters at the end of the subroutine.

15.The method by which internal tables are passed is By Reference.

16. How can an internal table with Header line and one without header line be disti subroutine? Itab [] is used in the form and endform if the internal table is passed with a header line.

17. What should be declared explicitly in the corresponding ABAP/4 Stateme without header lines & why?

Work Area. This is required as the Work Area is the interface for transferring data to and fro 18.

A subroutine can be terminated unconditionally using EXIT. (T/F)

True. 19.A subroutine can be terminated upon a condition using CHECK Statement.

20.

Function Modules are also external Subroutines. (T/F).

True. 21.

What is the difference between the function module and a normal ABAP/

In contrast to normal subroutines function modules have uniquely defined interface. not possible for function modules. Function modules are stored in a central library. 22.

What is a function group?

A function group is a collection of logically related modules that share global data with each group are included in the same main program. When an ABAP/4 program contains a CALL F system loads the entire function group in with the program code at runtime. Every function group. 23.

What is the disadvantage of a call by reference?

During a call by reference damage or loss of data is not restricted to the subroutine, but wil the original data objects. 24.

A function module can be called from a transaction screen outside an AB

True. 25.

What is an update task?

It is an SAP provided procedure for updating a database. 26.

What happens if a function module runs in an update task?

The system performs the module processing asynchronously. Instead of carrying out the ca waits until the next database update is triggered with the ‘COMMIT WORK’ command.

27.The function modules are created and stored in the Function Library. 28. When a function module is activated syntax checking is performed autom True. 29.

What is the use of the RAISING exception?

The raising exception determines whether the calling program will handle the exception its system. 30.

What is the difference between internal tables and extract datasets?

·

The lines of an internal table always have the same structure. By using extrac groups of data with different structure and get statistical figures from the grouped

·

You have to define the structure of the internal table at the beginning. You ne the extract dataset.

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In contrast to internal tables, the system partly compresses exact datasets wh the storage space required.

·

Internal tables require special work area for interface whereas extract datase area for interface.

31. It is possible to assign a local data object defined in a subroutine or func group. (T/F). False. 32.

What is the difference between field-group header and other field group

The header field group is a special field group for the sort criteria. The system automatical groups with the header field group. 33.

Can a filed occur in several field groups.

Yes. But it leads to unnecessary data redundancy. 34.When sorting the extract dataset the fields used as default sort key lie in the 35. What does the insert statement in extract datasets do? It defines the fields of a field group. 36.

What does the extract statement do in extract datasets?

The data is written to virtual memory by extract commands. 37.

A field-groups statement or an insert statement reverses storage space

False. 38. False.

While using extract datasets it is required to have a special workarea fo

39.

The LOOP-ENDLOOP on extract datasets can be used without any kind of

False. It causes runtime errors. 40.The Maximum no of key fields that can be used in a header is 50. 41. While sorting field groups we cannot use more than one key field (T/F). False.

42.While sorting, if the main storage available is not enough, the system writes d The SAP profile parameter, which determines this help file, is DIR_SORTTMP.

43. The extract statements in field groups can be used before or after processing the sort s FALSE.

What is the difference between Type and Like? Answer1: TYPE, you assign datatype directly to the data object while declaring. LIKE,you assign the datatype of another object to the declaring data object. The datatype is re

Answer2: Type is a keyword used to refer to a data type whereas Like is a keyword used to copy the exis existing data object. Answer3: type refers the existing data type like refers the existing data object What is Tcode SE16. For what is it used. Explain briefly? Answer1: SE16 is a T-code for object browser. Generally used to search the fields of SAP Tables . and respective data.

Answer2: se16 is a data browse and it is used to view the contents of the table and we cannot change or existing structure of the table as we cannot view the structure level display using the se16

What are different ABAP/4 editors? What are the differences? The 2 editors are se38 and se80 both have the abap editor in place. In se38 you can go create reports and basically do all thedevelopmet of objects in this editor. In se80 ( object navigator) such as creating packages,module pool , function group ,classes, programs ( where you can cr applications .

What is difference between dialog program and a report? Report is a excecutable program Dialog is a module pool program.It has to be executed via a transaction only. Dialog programming is used for customization ofscreens

How do you connect to the remote server if you are working from the office for the c WAS web application server or ITS are generally used for this purpose. If you are sitting at you the system and the other server is at the clients place you can generate IDOC, intermidiate do you want to transfer or the documents you want to transfer, these IDOC are interpretted by the with the message class with which it is bound with. If you want to logon a system which is very be used this depends on the internet speed.

Explain about roll area , Dispatcher, ABAP-Processor. Answer1: Roll area is nothing but memory allocated by work process. It holds the information needed by such as value of the variables. Dispatcher :All the requests that come from presentation server will be directed first to dispatc this requests to work process on FIFO(First In and First Out) basis.

Answer2: Dispatcher recieves the request from client and assigns the request to one of the work process Roll area: Each workprocess works in a particular memory that memory is known as Role Area, and session data. ABAP- Processor :is an interpretor which can execute logic Which one is not an exit comand ? (Exit, cencle, stop, back) STOP. Effect :The statement STOP is only to be used in executable programs

EXIT. Effect :If the EXIT statement is executed outside of a loop, it will immediately terminate the cu

BACK. Effect : This statement positions the list cursor on the first position of the first line in a logical u So "Cancle" is not an exit command

What is Field symbol ? Answer1: You can use field symbols to make the program more dynamic. In this example the name of a field symbol. Thus you cal call the form with any internal table, using the name of the table con Example form insert_row using p_tc_name. field-symbols type cxtab_control. "Table control

assign (p_tc_name) to . * insert 100 lines in table control -lines = 100. Answer2: fieldsymbol has the same concept as pointer in c, fieldsymbol don't point to a data type like char, num instead of that it points to the memory bl is FIELD-SYMBOL . EG. FOR FIELD SYMBOL. DATA: DAT LIKE SY-DATUM, TIM LIKE SY-UZEIT, CHAR(3) TYPE C VALUE 'ADF'. FIELD-SYMBOL : . MOVE DAT TO . WRITE:/ . MOVE TIM TO . WRITE:/ . MOVE CHAR TO . WRITE:/ . The output will be Today's date current time What is lock object ? LockObjects used to synchornize access of several users using same data.

Why BAPI need then BDC ? BAPI"S provide the standard interface to other applications apart from SAP and within differnt OOD bases so dosen"t depends on screen flow. BDC gets failed if we make changes for screen customization

SAP R/3 ARCHITECTURE 1. What guarantees the integration of all application modules? The R/3 basis system guarantees the integration of all application modules. The R/3 basis s/w p environment for the R/3 applications ensures optimal integration, defines a stable architectura for system enhancements, and contains the administration tools for the entire system. One of the main tasks of the basis system is to guarantee the portability of the complete syste 2. What are the central interfaces of the R/3 system? Presentation Interface. Database Interface. Operating system Interface. 3. Which interface controls what is shown on the p.c.? Presentation Interface. 4. Which interface converts SQL requirements in the SAP development system to those of the d

Database Interface. 5. What is SAP dispatcher? SAP dispatcher is the control agent that manages the resources for the R/3 applications. 6. What are the functions of dispatcher? Equal distribution of transaction load to the work processes. Management of buffer areas in main memory. Integration of the presentation levels. Organization of communication activities. 7. What is a work process? A work process is where individual dialog steps are actually processed and the work is done. E process handles one type of request. 8. Name various work processes of R/3 system? Dialog or Online (processes only one request at a time). Background (Started at a specific time) Update (primary or secondary) Enque (Lock mechanism). Spool (generated online or during back ground processing for printing). 9. Explain about the two services that are used to deal with communication. Message Service: Used by the application servers to exchange short internal messages, all sys communications. Gateway Service: Enables communication between R/3 and external applications using CPI-C p 10. Which work process triggers database changes? Update work process. 11. Define service (within R/3)? A service is a process or group of processes that perform a specific system function and often application-programming interface for other processes to call. 12. What are the roll and page areas? Roll and page areas are SAP R/3 buffers used to store user contexts (process requests). The SA assigns process requests to work processes as they are queued in the roll and page areas. Paging area holds data from the application programs. Roll area holds data from previous dialog steps and data that characterize the user. 13. What a system? Presentation Layer. Application Layer. Database Layer. 14. What are the phases of background processing? Job Scheduling. Job Processing. Job Overview. 15. What components of the R/e system initiate the start of background jobs at the specified ti The batch scheduler initiates the start of background job. The dispatcher then sends this reque background work process for processing. 16. Define Instance.

An instance is an administrative unit in which components of an R/3 systems providing one or grouped together. The services offered by an instance are started and stopped at random. All parameterized using a joint instance profile. A central R/3 system consists of a single instance services are offered. Each instance uses separate buffer areas. 17. From hardware perspective, every information system can be divided into three task areas Application Logic and Data Storage. The R/3 Basis software is highly suitable for use in multi-level client/server architectures. 18. What are R/3 Basis configurations? A central system with centrally installed presentation software. Two-level client/server system with rolled out presentation software. Two-level client/server system. Presentation and Application run on the same computer. Three-level client/server system. Presentation, Application and database each run on separate 19. What is a Service in SAP terminology? A service refers to something offered by a s/w component. 20. What is Server in SAP terminology? A component can consist of one process or a group and is then called the server for the respec 21. What is a client in SAP terminology? A S/W component that uses the service (offered by a s/w component) is called a Client. At the clients may also be servers for other services. 22.What is a SAP system? The union of all s/w components that are assigned to the same databases is called as a SAP sy 23. What is the means of communications between R/3 and external applications? The means of communication between R/2,R/3 and external applications is via the CPI-C handl Gateway, using the CPI-C Protocol. 24. What is the protocol used by SAP Gateway process? The SAP Gateway process communicates with the clients based on the TCP/IP Protocol. 25. Expand CPI-C. Common Program Interface Communication. 26. What is a Spool request? Spool requests are generated during dialog or background processing and placed in the spool information about the printer and print format. The actual data is places in the Tem Se (Tempo objects). 27. What are different types of Log records? V1 and V2. V1 must be processed before V2. But, we can have more than one V2 logs. 28. What are the types of Update requests? An update request can be divided into one primary (V1) and several Secondary update compon operations are placed in V1 component and those whose timing is less critical are placed in V2 components. If a V1 update fails, V2 components will not be processed. 29. Dialog work processes perform only one dialog step and then available for the next reques 30. Explain what is a transaction in SAP terminology. In SAP terminology, a transaction is series of logically connected dialog steps. 31. Explain how SAP GUI handles output screen for the user. The SAP front-end s/w can either run on the same computer or on different computers provide purpose. User terminal input is accepted by the SAP terminal program SAP GUI, converted to S

format and sent to the SAP dispatcher. The dispatcher coordinates the information exchange b GUIs and the work processes. The dispatcher first places the processing request in request que then processes. The dispatcher dispatches the requests one after another, to the available wor actual processing takes place in the work process. When processing is complete, the result of a returned via the dispatcher to the SAP GUI. The SAP GUI interprets the received data and gene screen for the user. DATA DICTIONARY 1. What are the layers of data description in R/3? • The external layer. • The ABAP/4 layer. • The database layer. 2. Define external layer? The external layer is the plane at which the user sees and interacts with the data, that is, the d the user interface. This data format is independent of the database system used. 3. Define ABAP/4 layer? The ABAP/4 layer describes the data formats used by the ABAP/4 processor. 4. Define Database layer? The database layer describes the data formats used in the database. 5. What is a Data Class? The Data class determines in which table space the table is stored when it is created in the da 6. What is a Size Category? The Size category describes the probable space requirement of the table in the database. 7. How many types of size categories and data classes are there? There are five size categories (0-4) and 11 data classes only three of which are appropriate for tables: • APPL0- Master data (data frequently accessed but rarely updated). • APPL1- Transaction data (data that is changed frequently). • APPL2- Organizational data (customizing data that is entered when system is configured and then rarely changed). The other two types are: • USR • USR1 – Intended for customer’s own developments. 8. What are control tables? The values specified for the size category and data class are mapped to database-specific valu tables. 9. What is the function of the transport system and workbench organizer? The function of the transport system and the Workbench Organizer is to manage any changes objects of the ABAP/4 Development Workbench and to transport these changes between differ systems. 10. What is a table pool? A table pool (or pool) is used to combine several logical tables in the ABAP/4 Dictionary. The de a pool consists of at least two key fields and a long argument field (VARDATA). 11. What are pooled tables? These are logical tables, which must be assigned to a table pool when they are defined. Pooled

used to store control data (such as screen sequences or program parameters). 12. What is a table cluster? A table cluster combines several logical tables in the ABAP/4 Dictionary. Several logical rows fr different cluster tables are brought together in a single physical record. The records from the c assigned to a cluster are thus stored in a single common table in the database. 13. How can we access the correction and transport system? Each time you create a new objec in the ABAP/4 Dictionary, you branch automatically to the Workbench Organizer or correction and transport system. 14. Which objects are independent transport objects? Domains, Data elements, Tables, Technical settings for tables, Secondary indexes for transpar Structures, Views, Matchcode objects, Matchcode Ids, Lock objects. 15. How is conversion of data types done between ABAP/4 & DB layer? Conversion between ABAP/4 data types and the database layer is done within the database int 16. How is conversion of data types done between ABAP/4 & external level? Conversion between the external layer and the ABAP/4 layer is done in the SAP dialog manage 17. What are the Data types of the external layer? ACCP, Char, CLNT, CUKY, CURR, DATS, DESC, FLTP, INT1, INT2, INT4, LANG, LCHR, LRAW, NUMC, PREC, QUAN, RAW, TIMS, UNIT,VARC. 18. What are the Data types of the ABAP/4 layer? Possible ABAP/4 data types: C: Character. D: Date, format YYYYMMDD. F: Floating-point number in DOUBLE PRECISION (8 bytes). I: Integer. N: Numerical character string of arbitrary length. P: Amount of counter field (packed; implementation depends on h/w platform). S: Time Stamp YYYYMMDDHHMMSS. V: Character string of variable length, length is given in the first two bytes. X: Hexadecimal (binary) storage. 19. How can we set the table spaces and extent sizes? You can specify the extent sizes and the table space (physical storage area in the database) in transparent table is to be stored by setting the size category and data class. 20. What is the function of the correction system? The correction system manages changes to internal system components. Such as objects of th Dictionary. 21. What are local objects? Local objects (Dev class$TMP) are independent of correction and transport system. 22. What is a Development class? Related objects from the ABAP/4 repository are assigned to the same development class. This to correct and transport related objects as a unit. 23. What is a data dictionary? Data Dictionary is a central source of data in a data management system. Its main function is creation and management of data definitions. It has details about

• What data is contained? • What are the attributes of the data? • What is the relationship existing between the various data elements? 24. What functions does a data dictionary perform? In a data management system, the principal functions performed by the data dictionary are • Management of data definitions. • Provision of information for evaluation. • Support for s/w development. • Support form documentation. • Ensuring that the data definitions are flexible and up-to-date. 25. What are the features of ABAP/4 Dictionary? The most important features are: • Integrated to aABAP/4 Development Workbench. • Active in the runtime environment. 26. What are the uses of the information in the Data dictionary? The following information is directly taken from the Data dictionary: • Information on fields displayed with F1 help. • Possible entries for fields displayed with F4 help. • Matchcode and help views search utilities. 27. What are the basic objects of the data dictionary? • Tables • Domains • Data elements • Structures • Foreign Keys 28. What are the aggregate objects in the data dictionary? • Views • Match codes • Lock objects. 29. In the ABAP/4 Dictionary Tables can be defined independent of the underlying database (T/ True. 30. ABAP/4 Dictionary contains the Logical definition of the table. 31. A field containing currency amounts (data type CURR) must be assigned to a reference tab reference field. Explain. As a reference table, a system containing all the valid currencies is assigned or any other table contains a field with the currency key format. This field is called as reference field. The assignm field containing currency amounts to the reference field is made at runtime. The value in the re determines the currency of the amount. 32. A field containing quantity amounts (data type QUAN) must be assigned to a reference tab reference field. Explain? As a reference table, a system table containing all the valid quantity units is assigned or any o which contains a field with the format or quantity units (data type UNIT). This field is called as field. The assignment of the field containing quantity amounts to the reference field is made at runti

value in the reference field determines the quantity unit of the amount. 33. What is the significance of Technical settings (specified while creating a table in the data d By specifying technical settings we can control how database tables are created in the databas technical settings allows us to • Optimize storage space requirements. • Table access behavior. • Buffering required. • Changes to entries logged. 34. What is a Table attribute? The table’s attributes determine who is responsible for maintaining a table and which types of allowed for the table. The most important table attributes are: • Delivery class. • Table maintenance allowed. • Activation type. 35. What is the significance of Delivery Class? • The delivery class controls the degree to which the SAP or the customer is responsible for tab maintenance. • Whether SAP provides the table with or without contents. • Determines the table type. • Determines how the table behaves when it is first installed, at upgrade, when it is transporte and when a client copy is performed. 36. What is the max. no. Of structures that can be included in a table or structure. Nine. 37. What are two methods of modifying SAP standard tables? • Append Structures and • Customizing Includes. 38. What is the difference between a Substructure and an Append Structure? • In case of a substructure, the reference originates in the table itself, in the form of a stateme include…. • In case of an append structure, the table itself remains unchanged and the reference origina the append structure. 39. To how many tables can an append structure be assigned. One. 40. If a table that is to be extended contains a long field, we cannot use append structures why Long fields in a table must always be located in the end, as the last field of the table. If a table append structure the append line must also be on the last field of the table. 41. Can we include customizing include or an append structure with Pooled or Cluster tables? No. 42. What are the two ways for restricting the value range for a domain? • By specifying fixed values. • By stipulating a value table. 43. Structures can contain data only during the runtime of a program (T/F) True. 44. What are the aggregate objects in the Dictionary?

• Views • Match Code. • Lock Object. 45. What are base tables of an aggregate object? The tables making up an aggregate object (primary and secondary) are called aggregate objec 46. The data of a view is not physically stored, but derived from one or more tables (t/f) True. 47. What are the 2 other types of Views, which are not allowed in Release 3.0? • Structure Views. • Entity Views. 48. What is a Match Code? Match code is a tool to help us to search for data records in the system. Match Codes are an ef user-friendly search aid where key of a record is unknown. 49. What are the two levels in defin • Match Code Object. • Match Code Id. 50. What is the max no of match code Id’s that can be defined for one Match code object? A match code Id is a one character ID that can be a letter or a number. 51. Can we define our own Match Code ID’s for SAP Matchcodes? Yes, the number 0 to 9 are reserved for us to create our own Match Code Ids for a SAP defined object. 52. What is an Update type with reference to a Match code ID? If the data in one of the base tables of a matchcode ID changes, the matchcode data has to be update type stipulates when the matchcode is to be updated and how it is to be done. The upd specifies which method is to be used for Building matchcodes. You must specify the update typ define a matchcode ID. 53. Can matchcode object contain Ids with different update types? Yes. 54. What are the update types possible? The following update types are possible: • Update type A: The matchcode data is updated asynchronously to database changes. • Update type S: The matchcode data is updated synchronously to database changes. • Update type P: The matchcode data is updated by the application program. • Update type I: Access to the matchcode data is managed using a database view. • Update type L: Access to the matchcode is achieved by calling a function module. 55. What are the two different ways of building a match code object? A match code can be built in two different ways: • Logical structure: The matchcode data is set up temporarily at the moment when the match is accessed. (Update type I, k). • Physical Structure: The match code data is physically stored in a separate table in the databa (Update type A, S, P). 56. What are the differences between a Database index and a match code? • Match code can contain fields from several tables whereas an index can contain fields from o one table.

• Match code objects can be built on transparent tables and pooled and cluster tables. 57. What is the function of a Domain? • A domain describes the technical settings of a table field. • A domain defines a value range, which sets the permissible data values for the fields, which refers to this domain. • A single domain can be used as basis for any number of fields that are identical in structure. 58. Can you delete a domain, which is being used by data elements? No. 59. What are conversion routines? • Non-standard conversions from display format to sap internal format and vice-versa are implemented with so called conversion routines. 60. What is the function of a data element? A data element describes the role played by a domain in a technical context. A data element c semantic information. 61. Can a domain, assigned to a data element be changed? Yes. We can do so by just overwrit domain. 62. Can you delete data element, which is being used by table fields. No. 63. Can you define a field without a data element? Yes. If you want to specify no data element and therefore no domain for a field, you can enter field length and a short text directly in the table maintenance. 64. What are null values? If the value of a field in a table is undefined or unknown, it is called a null value. 65. What is the difference between a structure and a table? Structures are constructed the almost the same way as tables, the only difference using that n is generated from them. 66. What is a view? A view is a logical view on one or more tables. A view on one or more tables i.e., the data from not actually physically stored instead being derived from one or more tables. 67. How many types of Views are there? • Database View • Help View • Projection View • Maintenance View 68. What is Locking? When two users simultaneously attempt to access the same data record, this is synchronized b mechanism. 69. What is database utility? Database utility is the interface between the ABAP/4 Dictionary and the underlying the SAP sys 70. What are the basic functions of Database utility? The basic functions of database utility are: • Create database objects. • Delete database objects.

• Adjust database objects to changed ABAP/4 dictionary definition. 71. What is Repository Info. Systems? It is a tool with which you can make data stored in the ABAP/4 Dictionary available. MODULARI 1. Does every ABAP/4 have a modular structure? Yes. 2. What is Modularization and its benefits? If the program contains the same or similar blocks of statements or it is required to process th function several times, we can avoid redundancy by using modularization techniques. By modu ABAP/4 programs we make them easy to read and improve their structure. Modularized progra easier to maintain and to update. 3. Name the ABAP/4 Modularization techniques. • Source code module. • Subroutines. • Functions. 4. How can we create callable modules of program code within one ABAP/4 program? • By defining Macros. • By creating include programs in the library. 5. M is the attribute type of the module program. 6. Is it possible to pass data to and from include programs explicitly? No. If it is required to pass data to and from modules it is required to use subroutines or functio 7. What are subroutines? Subroutines are program modules, which can be called from other ABAP/4 programs or within program. 8. What are the types of Subroutines? • Internal Subroutines: The source code of the internal subroutines will be in the same ABAP/4 program as the calling procedure (internal call). • External Subroutines: The source code of the external subroutines will be in an ABAP/4 progr other than the calling procedure. 9. It is not possible to create an ABAP/4 program, which contains only Subroutines (T/F). False. 10. A subroutine can contain nested form and endform blocks. (T/F) False. 11. Data can be passed between calling programs and the subroutines using Parameters. 12. What are the different types of parameters? Formal Parameters: Parameters, which are defined during the definition of subroutine with the statement. Actual Parameters: Parameters which are specified during the call of a subroutine with the PER statement. 13. How can one distinguish between different kinds of parameters? • Input parameters are used to pass data to subroutines. • Output parameters are used to pass data from subroutines. 14. What are the different methods of passing data? • Calling by reference: During a subroutin actual parameter is

transferred to the formal parameters. The formal parameter has no memory of its own, and we work with the field of the calling program within the subroutine. If we change the formal parameter, the field contents in the calling program also changes. • Calling by value: During a subroutine call, the formal parameters are created as copies of the actual parameters. The formal parameters have memory of their own. Changes to the formal parameters have no effect on the actual parameters. • Calling by value and result: During a subroutine call, the formal parameters are created as co of the actual parameters. The formal parameters have their own memory space. Changes to th formal parameters are copied to the actual parameters at the end of the subroutine. 15. The method by which internal tables are passed is By Reference. 16. How can an internal table with Header line and one without header line be distinguished w a subroutine? Itab[] is used in the form and endform if the internal table is passed with a header line. 17. What should be declared explicitly in the corresponding ABAP/4 Statements to access inter without header lines & why? Work Area. This is required as the Work Area is the interface for transferring data to and from 18. A subroutine can be terminated unconditionally using EXIT. (T/F) True. 19. A subroutine can be terminated upon a condition using CHECK Statement. 20. Function Modules are also external Subroutines. (T/F). True. 21. What is the difference between the function module and a normal ABAP/4 subroutine? In contrast to normal subroutines function modules have uniquely defined interface. Declaring common parts is not possible for function modules. Function modules are stored in a central lib 22. What is a function group? A function group is a collection of logically related modules that share global data with each ot modules in the group are included in the same main program. When an ABAP/4 program conta FUNCTION statement, the system loads the entire function group in with the program code at r Every function module belongs to a function group. 23. What is the disadvantage of a call by reference? During a call by reference damage or loss of data is not restricted to the subroutine, but will in changes to the original data objects. 24. A function module can be called from a transaction screen outside an ABAP/4 program. (T/F True. 25. What is an update task? It is an SAP provided procedure for updating a database. 26. What happens if a function module runs in an update task? The system performs the module processing asynchronously. Instead of carrying out the call im the system waits until the next database update is triggered with the ‘COMMIT WORK’ comman 27. The function modules are created and stored in the Function Library. 28. When a function module is activated syntax checking is performed automatically. (Y/N) True. 29. What is the use of the RAISING exception? The raising exception determines whether the calling program will handle the exception itself o

exception to the system. 30. What is the difference between internal tables and extract datasets? • The lines of an internal table always have the same structure. By using extract datasets, you handle groups of data with different structure and get statistical figures from the grouped data • You have to define the structure of the internal table at the beginning. You need not define t structure of the extract dataset. • In contrast to internal tables, the system partly compresses exact datasets when storing them This reduces the storage space required. • Internal tables require special work area for interface whereas extract datasets do not need a special work area for interface. 31. It is possible to assign a local data object defined in a subroutine or function module to a fi (T/F). False. 32. What is the difference between field-group header and other field groups? The header field group is a special field group for the sort criteria. The system automatically pr other field groups with the header field group. 33. Can a filed occur in several field groups. Yes. But it leads to unnecessary data redundancy. 34. When sorting the extract dataset the fields used as default sort key lie in the Header field g 35. What does the insert statement in extract datasets do? It defines the fields of a field group. 36. What does the extract statement do in extract datasets? The data is written to virtual memory by extract commands. 37. A field-groups statement or an insert statement reverses storage space and transfers value False. 38. While using extract datasets it is required to have a special workarea for interface (T/F) False. 39. The LOOP-ENDLOOP on extract datasets can be used without any kind of errors (T/F) False. It causes runtime errors. 40. The Maximum no of key fields that can be used in a header is 50. 41. While sorting field groups we cannot use more than one key field (T/F). False. 42. While sorting, if the main storage available is not enough, the system writes data to an ext The SAP profile parameter, which determines this help file, is DIR_SORTTMP. 43. The extract statements in field groups can be used before or after processing the sort state FALSE. LOGICAL DATABASE 1. Preparation of the data records by the L.D.B and reading of the data records in the actual re accomplished with the command pair Put and Get. 2. The three main elements of LDB are Structure, Selections, and Database Program. 3. In LDB what determines hierarchy of the tables? Structure. 4. In general what are the two ways in which one can retrieve data from tables? Using Select statements, Database Program.

5. With LDB one can modify the pre-generated selection screen to their needs (T/F). Yes. 6. Logical databases are programs that read data from Database tables (Dictionary Structures) 7. The event Get LATE process all tables that are hierarchically superior to the < name>. (True/False) False. It processes all tables that are hierarchically inferior to the . 8. The Database Program of LDB is a collection of SUBROUTINES, which selects data and passe report. 9. The layout of the Database program is determined by both Structure and Selections. 10. The order in which data is made available to the report depends on Structure of the LDB. 11. Apart from the structure and selections of the LDB the GET statements in the report determ behavior of the database at runtime. 12. Node at the highest level in the structure is known as Root. 13. There can be more than one node at the highest level in the structure. (T/F) False. One can define only one node at the highest level in the structure on LDB. 14. All nodes in the structure of LDB need not be defined in the ABAP/4 Dictionary (T/F). False. One has to define all nodes in the Dictionary or one has to select all nodes that are defin Dictionary. 15. It is not possible to use ABAP/4 Dictionary Structures without an underlying database using True. One can use additionally related tables, along with the tables defined in the structure of 16. Dynamic selections allow the user to define further selections for database access in additi selection criteria already defined in the LDB selections. 17. Check statement can be used along with the event GET in the report for checking the selec are not table-specific values. 18. In sense of Database Management System (DBMS) LOGICAL DATABASE is a database Struc (T/F). False. 19. It is not necessary to maintain the Parent-Child relationship between the tables in Logical D Structure. (T/F) False. One has to maintain the Parent-Child relationship. 20. Is it possible to extract data from tables without using the event ‘GET’ in the report with an LDB. (T/F). False. One can extract data from tables using Select statements in a report, though the report LDB attribute. 21. What sorts of tables one can se in designing the hierarchy of a LDB? Tables, which are having Foreign Key relations. 22. A report program, which uses only SELECT statements, is called SQL Report. 23. One cannot use SELECT statements in a report program linked to a Logical Database (T/F). 24. Is it true that the Logical Database reads the data from the database tables using Select St Yes. We are coding that in Database part of LDB. 25. In a report with an LDB attribute, you do not have to define how the information should be from the database tables, but only how the data should be represented on the screen. (T/F). True.

26. One can use the event GET in a report without LDB attribute. (T/F). False. 27. The last character of the LDB name denotes Application.28. The structure of Logical Datab dependencies of hierarchical tables in the SAP system. 29. It is mandatory that for each table in the LDB hierarchy there should exist one GET stateme report. (T/F). False. It is not necessary. 30. What happens if a report does not contain a GET statement for a particular node of a Logic Process will transfer to the next event. 31. In a Logical Database, one can define input fields on the selection screen with Select-Optio Parameters statements. 32. Suppose a logical database program contains the following lines: SELECT-OPTIONS CONNID FOR SPFLI-CONNID. PARAMETERS CARRID LIKE SFLIGHT-CARRID FOR TABLE SFLIGHT. What will be the output, for the above two statements? Only select-options connid for spfli-carrid will be displayed on the screen. 33. Consider a report with F1S attribute, what will be the output for the following code. Whethe get the data from spfli and sflight or not, with corresponding tables statement, GET SPFLI. GET SFLIGHT. Write:/ spfli-carrid, spfli-connid, sflight-fldate, sbook-bookid. Yes, you will get the data from spfli and sflight. 34. Consider a report with F1S attribute, what will be the output of the following code. Whethe get the data from sbook or not, with corresponding tables statement. GET SPFLI. GET SFLIGHT. Write:/ spfli-carrid, spfli-connid, sflight-fldate, sbook-bookid. You cannot extract data from sbook. 35. Identify any errors in the following code and correct the same, and what will be the output. exists corresponding tables statement, for spfli, sflight, sbook. GET SPFLI. GET SBOOK. Write:/ spfli-carrid, spfli-connid, sflight-fldate, sbook-bookid, sbook-class. No syntax errors. You will get data from all the three tables. 36. Does the following two statements do the same task? If so which one takes less time and w recommended. Select * from spfli where spfli-carrid = ‘LH’ and spfli-connid = ‘400’. Endselect. Select * from spfli. Check: spfli-carrid = ‘LH’ and spflid-connid = ‘400’. Endselect. -Yes they will do the same task. Second Select statement takes less time and is recommended 37. If you want to improve the response time (time to access data) Logical Databases permits

this using VIEWS. 38. Is there any upper limit (max) to the possible number of nodes in a logical database structu is the limit? Yes, there is an upper limit for defining number of nodes in a Logical Database Structure. Maximum nodes = 1200 / length where length = max. Length of name in the structure. 39. In the structure of Logical Database nodes at different levels are displayed in the same col false what types of nodes are displayed in the same columns. If true what type of nodes are no in the same columns. False. Nodes at same levels are displayed in the same columns. 40. What are the advantages of Logical Databases? It offers an easy-to-use selection screens. generated selection screen to your needs. It offers check functions to check whether user input is complete, correct, and plausible. It offe data selections. It contains central authorization checks for data base accesses. Enhancements improved performance immediately apply to all report programs that use the logical database. 41. Though all the ABAP/4 Dictionary Structures that exists in the structure of the LDB, being d Database Program, we are defining the Dictionary Structures in the Report. What is the reason declaration? By declaring so we are providing work areas for data passing between Logical Database and R addition, the logical database configures the selection screen depending on the selection of da 42. Is it mandatory to declare all the tables in Report by the key word tables for all the tables t structure of LDB, and are being defined in the Database part of LDB. No, It is not mandatory to declare all tables in report. 43. If one wants to access data using Logical Database, the use of events is unavoidable. (T/F) FORMATTING 1. The alignment of a type ‘c’ field in a report is left Aligned. 2. In the statement Write:/15(10) Ofal-lifnr. what do the number 15 and 10 stand for 15 stand for the offset on the screen and 10 stands for the field length displayed. 3. Specify the default alignment for the following field types: ‘D’ – Left, ‘F’-Right, ‘N’-Left, ‘I’-Right, ‘T’-Left. 4. If s_time has the value ‘123456’ how would you get an output of 12:34:56 with a single ‘Wri statement. Write:s_time using edit mask’--:--:--‘. 5. In order to suppress the leading zeroes of a number field the keywords used are NO-ZERO. 6. The total no of date formats that can be used to display a date during output is MM/DD/YY, DD/MM/YY, DD/MM/YYYY, MM/DD/YYYY, MMDDYY, DDMMYY, YYMMDD. 7. The UNDER Command allows for vertical alignment of fields one below the other. 8. In order to concatenate strings only for output purposes the command NO-GAP can be used conjunction with the ‘Write’ statement. 9. The no of decimal places for output can be defines within a write statement. (T/F). TRUE. Write:/ decimals 2. 10. Data can be moved from one field to another using a ‘Write:’ Statement and stored in the d (T/F). TRUE. Write: Date_1 to Date_2 format DD/MM/YY.

11. In the statement Write:/15(10) lfa1-lifnr. The values 15 and 11 can also be defined by varia False. 12. Differentiate between the following two statements if any. ULINE. Write: sy-uline. No-difference. Except that uline is used outside the ‘Write’ Statement. 13. In order to skip a single line the number of lines need not be given as an assignment (T/F) TRUE. 14. The “SKIP TO LINE line number” is dependent on the LINE-COUNT statement included in th statement of the program. 15. In order to skip columns the command used is POSITION . 16. In order to have boldfaced text as output the command used is Write:INTENSIFIED. 17. Background and foreground colors can be interchanged using the command Format Invers 18. In order to restore the system defaults for all changes made with the format statement is F 19. Like ULINE the statement VLINE is used to insert vertical lines. (T/F). False. 20. Suppressing the number signs (+/-) is carried out using the addition NO-SIGNS to the Write (T/F). False. 21. If SY-UZEIT has the value 6:34:45 it can be displayed as 063445 using No Edit Mask. 22. If the variable “Text” has the value ‘ABCDEF’ the output for the statement “Write:/Text+2( “CDE” 23. The fields specified by select-options and parameters statement cannot be grouped togeth selection screen. (T/F). False. 24. When calling an external report the parameters or select-options specified in the external r be called. (T/F) FALSE. 25. Selection Texts in the text elements of the program helps in changing the displayed names in the parameters statement. 26. Type F datatype cannot be used to define parameters. 27. Rounding off of values can be carried out using the write statement. (T/F). TRUE 28. How would you define the exponents for a type ‘f’ field? Exponent . 29. How would you format the output as left, centered or right-justified using the write stateme Left-justified, Centered, Right-justified. 30. If the same formatting options were used for a WRITE statement that follows the FORMAT s which settings would take precedence. The settings in the Write Statement. 31. For each new event, the system resets all formatting options to their default values (T/F) TRUE. 32. All formatting options have the default value OFF. (T/F). TRUE. 33. How would you set the formatting options statically and dynamically within a report? Static FORMAT [ON|OFF]…. Dynamically: FORMAT = =….

34. The page footer is defined using the statement END-OF-PAGE. 35. The processing block following END-OF-PAGE is processed only if you reserve lines for the f the LINE-COUNT option of the REPORT statement. (T/F) TRUE. 36. To execute a page break under the condition that less than a certain number of lines is left achieved by RESERVE n lines. 37. The RESERVE statement only takes effect if output is written to the subsequent page. No b are created and it defines a block of lines that must be output as a whole. (T/F). TRUE. 38. To set the next output line to the first line of a block of lines defined with the RESERVE stat statement BACK is used. 39. What is the limit for the length of a page if the page length is not specified in the report sta 60,000 lines. 40. How would you start the printing process from within the program while creating a list? NEW-PAGE PRINT ON. 41. You can change the width of pages within list levels triggered by page breaks. (T/F). FALSE. 42. Hotspots are special areas of an output list used to trigger events. (T/F) TRUE. 43. To designate fields as hotspots at runtime, use FORMAT HOTSPOT = . 44. Horizontal lines created with ULINE and blank lines created with SKIP can be formatted as h (T/F). FALSE. 45. How would you suppress the display of a parameter on the selection screen? Parameters ………..No-Display. 46. Can you assign a matchcode object to a parameter? If so how? Yes. PARAMETERS ……..MATCHCODE OBJECT …….. 47. For each SELECT-OPTIONS statement, the system creates a selection table. (T/F) TRUE. 48. To position a set of parameters or comments on a single line on the selection screen, you m the elements in a block enclosed by SELECTION-SCREEN BEGIN OF LINE. ..…… SELECTION-SCREEN END OF LINE. 49. How can Symbols or R/3 icons be output on the screen? WRITE AS SYMBOL. WRITE AS ICON. 50. In the standard setting, you cannot create empty lines with the WRITE statement alone. (T/ GENERAL 1. The system field, which indicates success or failure of a SQL operation, is SY-SUBRC. 2. What is the syntax for specifying database table name at runtime in SELECT statement. NAME = ‘SPFL1’. SELECT * FROM (NAME). .……………… .……………… ENDSELECT.

3. How do you read selected lines of database table into an internal table in packages of prede SELECT * FROM INTO TABLE PACKAGE SIZE. Where n is variable. 4. Name the WILDCARD characters which are used for comparisons with character strings & nu strings. ‘%’ and ‘-‘. 5. In SELECT statements can you specify a variable in WHERE condition or a part of the conditi what is the syntax. SELECT * FROM WHERE . 6. Name the ABAP/4 key words, which are used to change the contents of database table. UPDATE or MODIFY. 7. How to specify a client for database table processing. TABLES SPFLI. SELECT * FROM SPFLI CLIENT SPECIFIED WHERE MANDT BETWEEN ‘001’ AND ‘003’. ..…… ENDSELECT. 8. How do you write a DATA object from ABAP/4 program to ABAP/4 memory and restore the sa from memory to program. EXPORT [FROM ][FROM ]…. TO MEMORY ID . The ID , which can be up to 32 characters long, identifies the data in memory. 9. What are DATA CLUSTERS? You can group any complex internal data objects of an ABAP/4 program together in data cluste them temporarily in ABAP/4 memory or for longer periods in databases. You can store data clu special databases of the ABAP/4 Dictionary. These databases are known as ABAP/4 cluster data have a predefined structure. Storing a data cluster is specific to ABAP/4. Although you can also cluster databases using SQL statements, only ABAP/4 statements are able to decode the struct stored data cluster. 10. Statements used to delete data objects in ABAP/4 memory FREE MEMORY [ID ]. 11. How will you create a file on application server. Open dataset for output. 12. ABAP/4 statement for opening a file on application server for reading Open dataset 13. How will you transfer data into a file in application server? Data fname(60) value ‘mYFILE’. Data num type i. Open dataset fname for output. Do 10 times. Num = Num +1. Transfer num to fname. Enddo. …….etc. 14. Name the function modules to write data from an Internal Table to the Presentation Server DOWNLOAD and WS_DOWNLOAD. 15. Name the function module that can be used to give information about files on Presentation about its Operating System.

WS_QUERY. 16. Name the ABAP/4 key word, which is used to clear the Headerline of an Internal Table. CLEAR. 17. Name the function modules to read data from Presentation Server into an Internal Table. UPLOAD and WS_UPLOAD. 18. Name the ABAP/4 keywords to initialize an Internal Table with a REFRESH . 19. How to determine the attributes of an internal table? DESCRIBE TABLE [LINES ] [OCCURS ]. 20. Name the ABAP/4 key word for searching a string in an Internal Table. SEARCH FOR . The different options () for the search in an internal table are: ABBREVIATED Searches tablefor a word containing the character string specified in , where othe might separate the characters. The first letter of the word and the string must be the sa STARTING AT Searches table for , starting at line . can be a variable. ENDING AT Searches table for upto line. can be a variable. AND MARK If the search string is found, all the characters in the search string (and all the characters in be using ABBREVIATED) are converted to upper case. 21. What are the different attributes that can be assigned to a variant? The different attributes that can be assigned to a variant are…. Description Enter a short, meaningful description of the variant. This may be upto 30 characters long. Background only Specify whether you want to use the variant in background processing only, or in online enviro well. Protected variant. Mark the field if you want to protect your variant against being changed by other users. Do not display variant. Mark this field if you want the variant name to be displayed in the catalog only, but not in the F For the selections you cover in a variant, you can enter the following attributes: Type The system displays whether the field is a parameter or a select option. Protected Mark this field for each field on the selection screen you want to protect from being overwritte that you mark this way are displayed to the users, but they cannot change them, that are they accept input. Invisible If you mark this column, the system will not display the corresponding field on the selection sc sees when starting the report program. Variable

Mark this column if you want to set the value for this field at runtime. 22. Is it possible to create new dynamic programs during runtime of an ABAP/4 program? If so To create new dynamic programs during the runtime of an ABAP/4 program, you must use an i For this purpose, you should create this internal table with one character type column and a lin You can use any method you like from Filling Internal Tables to write the code of your new pro the internal table. Especially, you can use internal fields in which contents are dependent on th program that you use to create a new one, to influence the coding of the new program dynami following example shows how to proceed in principal: DATA CODE (72) OCCURS 10. APPEND ‘REPORT ZDYN1.’ TO CODE. APPEND ‘WRITE/”Hello, I am dynamically created!”.’ TO CODE. Two lines of a very simple program are written into the internal table CODE. In the next step yo in the above example it is a report, into the library. For this purpose you can use the following statement: Syntax INSERT REPORT FROM . The program is inserted in your present development class in the R/3 Repository. If a p this name does not already exists, it is newly created with the following attributes: Title: none, Type: 1 (Reporting), Application: S (Basis). You can specify the name of the program explicitly within single quotation marks or yo the name of a character field, which contains the program name. The name of the program mu necessarily be the same as given in the coding, but it is recommended to do so. is the containing the source code. For the above example you could write: INSERT REPORT ‘ZDYN1’ FROM CODE. Or DATA REP (8). REP = ‘ZDYN1’ INSERT REPORT REP FROM CODE. 23. Data types can be elementary or structured (T/F). TRUE. 24. The amount of memory associated with a data type is ZERO. 25. Data objects are the physical units a program uses at runtime. (T/F). TRUE. 26. The data object does not occupy any space in memory. (T/F) FALSE. 27. What are the three hierarchical levels of data types and objects? Program-independent data, defined in the ABAP/4 Dictionary. Internal data used globally in one program. Data used locally in a procedure (subroutine, function module)

28. How would you find the attributes of a data type or data object? DESCRIBE FIELD [LENGTH give the form name -> utilities -> activate debugger

How do we debug sapscript? First we need to put Break point in Print program where ever you want to stop the execution. After in SE71 give your form name and go to Utilities-->Active De-bugger. Then go to your transcation like VF03(for Invoice or Credit memo) etc to see the print preview When you execute it the the form Debugging will get activated and you can see your Form exe What are the different types of data dictionary objects? Answer1 Data Dictionary Objects * * * * * * * * *

Tables Views Domain Data Element Type Groups Search Helps/Matchcode Objects Lock objects Structures Table Types

Answer2 the dictionary objects are: domain dataelements tables views structures typegroups search helps lock objects etc which are data base related objects in sap

What is the step by step process to create a table in data dictionary? Answer1 steps to create database tables 1.go to se11 2.give name the database table 3.give short description for the table 4.Give delivery class name as A and data browser / table view maint as Display/maintenence a 5.select fields tab 6.give field name data type(user defined element type/built-in-type),short text 7.select technical settings tab ,give data class as appl0 and size category as 0

8.save it 9.go utillities menu click table contents select create and enter the field values then select disp view the table values with field lables

Answer2 bottom to top approach: _________________________ step 1: creating a domain: *se11,select the object type as domain ,name it ,create,description,enter the datatype and len step2: creating a dataelement; se11,select the object type as :date element,name it ,create,desc,assign it with a domain what it. step3: creating a table; se11,select the object type as table,name it, create, enter the field name and assign it with the data element instead of assigning a datatype to it, like this create req fields: on behalf of this: table maintainence: assign the type of the table ie.,A C G L S NEXT maintaince: allowed,not allowed ,allowed with restricions ______________________________________________ fields of a table:(as descripted above) ___________________________________________ techical settings: A0 OR A1 AND BUFFERED OR NON-BUFFERED

Can a transparent table exist in data dictionary but not in the data base physically? Answer1 NO. TRANSPARENT TABLE DO EXIST WITH THE SAME STRUCTURE BOTH IN THE DICTIONARY AS DATABASE,EXACTLY WITH THE SAME DATA AND FIELDS. No, at the point you will activate your table a same transparent table is going to be create in datab Answer2 Yes, a transparent table(definition) can exist in the data dictionary and not in the database. In What are the domains and data elements? domains:

___________ domains are the dictionary objects that are assigned with constants and data types data elements: ______________ data elements are dictionary objects that are assigned with the domains. uses:' * data elements are used to create relation between tables. * data elements are used to transfer the data from one R/3 to another R/3. * to create search helps. What is a collect statement? How is it different from append? APPEND : IT IS USED TO GET THE RECORD FROM THE INTERNAL TABLE HEADER TO THE BODY AREA IT ALLOWS DUPLICATION

COLLECT: IT IS USED TO A GET A RECORD FROM HEADER TO THE BODY AREA BUT IT WILL NOT ALLOW A THERE IS ANY NUMERIC FIELS IT ADDS THAT FIELDS DATA BUT NOT AS A NEW RECORD

On ABAP: Did you set up a workflow? Are you familiar with all steps for setting up a Yes. Execute the Txn SWDD(Creating a new Workflow). In the header of the Workflow, define the Business Object and Event you refer to for triggering Create the Steps required for your workflow(Activity). Inside the Activity, Create the task and assign the Business Object and the related method for Activate the Workflow. In the ‘select’ statement what is “group by”? Group by clause is used to fetch the data from the table by the specified field ex.select count (*) from emptable group by deptno where deptno = 1. It is used to find the number of employees present in the specified department no.

How can I copy a standard table to make my own z_table? WE CAN CREATE A STRUCTURE LIKE THE SAME STRUCTURE AS DATABASE TABLE AND WE CAN SELECT* FROM DATABASE TABLE INTO TABLE ITAB OR INSERT INTO ITAB VALUES DATABASE TABLE From Excel to ABAP - Is batch mode possible ? DATA w_file TYPE string. * Convert the file path into string w_file = p_input. * Internal Table should have same field sequence as EXL File. CLEAR t_upload. REFRESH t_upload.

* Call function to upload the data into internal table CALL FUNCTION 'GUI_UPLOAD' EXPORTING filename = w_file filetype = 'ASC' has_field_separator = 'X' TABLES data_tab = t_upload EXCEPTIONS file_open_error = 1 file_read_error = 2 no_batch = 3 gui_refuse_filetransfer = 4 invalid_type = 5 no_authority = 6 unknown_error = 7 bad_data_format = 8 header_not_allowed = 9 separator_not_allowed = 10 header_too_long = 11 unknown_dp_error = 12 access_denied = 13 dp_out_of_memory = 14 disk_full = 15 dp_timeout = 16 OTHERS = 17. IF sy-subrc NE 0. * MESSAGE ID sy-msgid TYPE sy-msgty NUMBER sy-msgno * WITH sy-msgv1 sy-msgv2 sy-msgv3 sy-msgv4. ELSE. * Delete the first row of heading from the uploaded table DELETE t_upload INDEX 1. ENDIF. " IF sy-subrc EQ 0.

Type pool SLIS is used in ALV as all related data types are defined in type pool .

SLIS is a structure which contain fieldcat and this fieldcar help to get rows and column from d better answer than this please mail me

Posted by: Vikash Anand

Contact Vikash Anand

SLIS is a TYPE-POOL used for working with ALV. SLIS contains definations for types, structures ALV. The syntax for the SLIS is: TYPE-POOLS:SLIS. DATA SECLARATION: T_FIELDCAT TYPE SLIS_T_FIELDCAT_ALV, W_FIELDCAT TYPE SLIS_FIELDCAT_ALV. IT USES PARAMETERS LIKE W_FIELDCAT-COL_POS, W_FIELDCAT-SELTEXT_M, W_FIELDCAT-TABNAME AND SO ON

Posted by: Santosh Contact Santosh SLIS is one of type group.which is used to assign the user defined types to our programs

Posted by: Narayana Swamy Contact Narayana Swamy

SLIS is a structure which contain fieldcat and this fieldcar help to get rows and column from d SAP ABAP Interview Questions and Answers,SAP ABAP Interview Question asked in Infosys,Wipro,TCS,HCL ,IBM,HP. What is the syntax of Packed Number? Ans Data : NUM type P decimals 2. What are different types of attributes of Function Module? Ans There are 6 attributes of FM: 1. Import

2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Export Table Changing Source Exception

List of Screen elements. Ans There are 13 screen elements: i. Input / output fields ii. Text fields iii. Checkbox iv. Radio button v. Push Button vi. Drop down list vii. Subscreen viii. Table control ix. Tabstrip control x. Custom control xi. Box xii. Status icons xiii. OK_CODE fields

How many default Tab Strips are there? How to insert more Tabs in it? Ans There 2 default Tab strips. Screen painter attributes contain Tab Title, which is used to ins How to define Selection Screen? Ans There are 3 ways of defining selection screen: 1. Parameters 2. Select-options 3. Selection-Screen What are the properties of Selection Screen? Ans There are 11 properties of selection screen: 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7)

Default Memory ID Lowercase Visible length Obligatory Matchcode Check

8) Checkbox 9) Radiobutton Group 10) No-display 11) Modif ID What are the components of Selection Table? Ans There are four components of selection table: Low, High, Sign, Options How to display or know if the value entered contains records or not? Ans SY-SUBRC What are the sequences of event block? Ans i. Reports ii. Nodes iii. Data iv. Initialization v. At selection-screen vi. Start-of-selection vii. Get deptt viii. Get emp ix. Get deptt late x. End-of-selection xi. Form xii. Endform What are types of Select statements? Ans SELECT SINGLE ... WHERE ... SELECT [DISTINCT] ... WHERE ... SELECT * ... What are DML commands? Ans Select, Insert, Delete, Modify, Update. What is Asynchronous and Synchronous Update? Ans Asynchronous Update – The program does not wait for the work process to finish the update. Commit Work. Synchronous Update – The program wait for the work process to finish the update. Commit Work and Wait.

Write syntax for Message Error (Report)? Ans AT SELECTION-SCREEN. SELECT * FROM ZREKHA_DEPTT INTO CORRESPONDING FIELDS OF ITAB WHERE DEPTNO IN DEPTNO. ENDSELECT. If SY-DBCNT = 0. MESSAGE E000 WITH ‘NO RECORDS FOUND’. ENDIF. How to see the list of all created session? Ans There are two method to see all sessions: 1) SHDB (Recording) 2) Write code in SE38 then save, check errors activate and execute it. System Service Batch input Session What are the function module in BDC? Ans There are three function module in BDC: 1) BDC_OPEN_GROUP 2) BDC_INSERT 3) BDC_CLOSE_GROUP Write the steps to execute session method. Ans Steps for execution Session Method: 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8)

System Service Batch Input Session Choose Session Name Process Asks for Mode (Display All Screen, Display Errors & Background) Process

What are the different types of mode (run code) in Call Transaction method? There are three modes in Call Transaction:

A – Displays All Screen E – Display Errors N – Background Processing

Write the transaction code of Customer Master Data, Pricing, Inquiry, Quotation and Ans Customer Master Data - XD01 Pricing Inquiry - VA11 Quotation - VA21 Sales Order - VA01 - MM01 What are the fields of Sales Order? Ans Transaction Code of Sales Order: VA01 Table of Sales Order: VBAK Order Type - AUART Sales Org – VKORG Dist Channel – VTWEG Division – SPART Sales Office - VKBUR Sales Group - VKGRP What are different types of screen keywords? Ans There are four types of screen keywords: Module, Loop, Chain and Field. Write special commands of List. Ans There are four specials commands of lists: Write, Uline, Skip and New-Page Write the following in different manner. IF ( A GE B ) AND ( A LE C) Ans IF A BETWEEN B AND C What are the different types of ABAP statements? Ans There are six types of ABAP statements: 1) 2) 3) 4)

Declarative - Types, Data, Tables Modularization - Event Keywords and Defining Keywords Control - If…Else, While, Case Call - Perform, Call, Set User Command, Submit, Leave to

5) Operational - Write, Add, Move 6) Database - Open SQL & Native SQL How data is stored in cluster table? Ans Each field of cluster table behaves as tables, which contains the number of entries. What are client dependant objects in ABAP / SAP? Ans SAP Script layout, text element, and some DDIC objects.

On which event we can validate the input fields in module programs? Ans In PAI (Write field statement on field you want to validate, if you want to validate group of chain statement.)

In selection screen, I have three fields, plant material number and material group. If the material number and material group based on plant dynamically? Ans AT SELECTION-SCREEN ON VALUE-REQUEST FOR MATERIAL. CALL FUNCTION 'F4IF_INT_TABLE_VALUE_REQUEST' to get material and material group for the plant.

How do you get output from IDOC? Ans Data in IDOC is stored in segments; the output from IDOC is obtained by reading the data segments. When top of the page event is triggered? Ans After executing first write statement in start-of-selection event. Can we create field without data element and how? Ans In SE11, one option is available above the fields strip i.e. Data element / direct type. Fields of VBAK Table. Ans VBAK – Sales Document : Header Data

Details about Sales Organization, Distribution Channel, Division, Sales Group, Sales Office, Bus Agreements, etc Which transaction code can I used to analyze the performance of ABAP program. Ans Transaction Code AL21.

How can I copy a standard table to make my own Z_TABLE? Ans Go to transaction SE11. Then there is one option to copy table. Press that button. Enter th and in the Target table enter Z_table name and press enter. What is runtime analysis? Have you used this?

Ans It checks program execution time in microseconds. When you go to SE30. If you give desi performance file. It will take you to below screen. You can get how much fast is your program. What is meant by performance analysis? How to transfer the objects? Have you transferred any objects? How did you test the developed objects? Ans There are two types of testing - Negative testing - Positive testing In negative testing, we will give negative data in input and we check any errors occurs. In positive testing, we will give positive data in input for checking errors.

How did you handle errors in Call Transaction? Ans We can create an internal table like 'bsgmcgcoll'. All the messages will go to internal table internal table. Below messages are go to internal table. When you run the call transaction. 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8)

TCODE Message Type Message Id Message Number MSGV1 MSGV2 MSGV3 MSGV4

CALL TRANSACTION TCODE USING BDCDATA MODE A/N/E. UPDATE MODE A/S MESSAGE INTO BDCDATA. THEN PUT LOOP…ENDLOOP OF BDCMSGCOLL CALL FUNCTION ‘FORMAT_WRITE’ EXPORT = SYSTEM FIELD IMPORT = MSG TEXT ERROR

Among the Call Transaction and Session Method, which is faster? Ans Call transaction is faster then session method. But usually we use session method in real large amount of data from internal table to database and if any errors in a session, then proce

session get correct.

What are the difference between Interactive and Drill Down Reports? Ans ABAP/4 provides some interactive events on lists such as AT LINE-SELECTION (double click (pressing a button). You can use these events to move through layers of information about ind Drill down report is nothing but interactive report...drilldown means above paragraph only. How to pass the variables to forms?

What is the table, which contain the details of all the name of the programs and form Ans Table contains vertical and horizontal lines. We can store the data in table as blocks. We c wish. And these all are stored in database (data dictionary). What are Standard Texts?

What is the difference between Clustered Tables and Pooled Tables? Ans A pooled table is used to combine several logical tables in the ABAP/4 dictionary. Pooled t must be assigned to a table pool when they are defined.

Cluster table are logical tables that must be assigned to a table cluster when they are defined. store control data. They can also used to store temporary data or text such as documentation.

What is PF-STATUS? Ans PF-Status is used in interactive report for enhancing the functionality. If we go to SE41, we different function keys, which we are using for secondary list in interactive report.

Among "Move" and "Move Corresponding", which is efficient one? Ans I guess, 'move corresponding' is very efficient then 'move' statement. Because usually we table fields only...so if we give move corresponding. Those fields only moving to other place (w What are the Output Type, Transaction codes, Page Format? Where we use Chain and End chain? Ans In Screen Programming

Do you use select statement in loop…end loop, how will be the performance? To imp 1. What are the different ways in which you can make changes to SAP standard software ? Customizing Enhancements to the SAP Standard

Modifications to the SAP Standard Customer Development 2. What is customizing ? Customizing is the setting of system parameters via SAP's own interface. 3. Why do you need enhancements ? The standard applications do not offer some of the functionality you need. The R/3 enchancement concept allows you to add your own functionality to SAP's standard business applications.

4. What are the different types of enhancements ? Enhancements using customer exits Customers' potential requirements which are not included in the standard software are incorporated in the standard as empty modification 'shells'. Customers can then fill these with their own coding. Enhancements can relate to programs, menus and screens. Upward compatibility is assured. In other words, SAP guarantees that the jump from the standard software to the exit and the interface which call the exit will remain valid in future releases. Enhancements to ABAP/4 Dictionary elements These are ABAP/4 Dictionary enhancements (creation of table appends), text enhancements (customerspecific key words and documentation for data elements) and field exits (creation of additional coding for data elements). 5. What is customer development ? Creating customer-specific objects within the customer name range. 6. What is SSCR ? SSCR (SAP Software Change Registration) is a procedure, for registering all manual changes to SAP source coding and SAP Dictionary objects. 7.What is the difference between modifications and enhancements ? Modifications mean making changes to the SAP standard functionality. Enhancements mean adding some functionality to SAP standard functionality.

8. What are the disadvantages of modification ? Modifying standard code can lead to errors Modifications mean more work during software upgrades 9. What are the advantages of enhancements ? Do not affect standard SAP source code Do not affect software upgrades 10. when do you opt for modification ? Customer exits are not available for all programs and screens within the R/3 standard applications. You can only use exits if they already exist within the SAP R/3 System . Otherwise you have to opt for modifications . 11. What are the various types of customer exits ? Menu exits Screen exits Function module exits Keyword exits 12. What is a menu exit ? Adding items to the pulldown menus in standard R/3 applications . 13.What is a screen exit ? Adding fields to the screens within R/3 applications. SAP creates screen exits by placing special subscreen areas within a standard R/3 screen and calling a customer subscreen from within the standard dynpro's flow logic. 14. What is a function module exit ? Adding functionality to R/3 applications. Function module exits play a role in both menu and screen exits. 15. What is a keyword exit ? Add documentation to the data elements of key words defined in the ABAP/4 Dictionary. The system displays this documentation whenever a user presses F1 to get online help for a screen field. 16. How do SAP organizes its exits ? SAP organizes its exits in packages that are called SAP enhancements. Each SAP enhancement can

contain many individual exits. 17. What is an add-on project ? To take advantage of the exits available within standard R/3 applications, you need to create an add-on project. This project lets you organize the enhancement packages and exits you want to use. The add-on project also allows you to hang add-on functionality onto the exi t hooks contained with SAP enhancements

Can we write the code both call transaction and session method in single program? Ans. Yes it is possible to write call transaction and session in one program. 2. Which BDC you prefer? Ans. If we want to transfer large amount of data and when we need to use more than one transaction code we prefer session method. For small or less amount of data and for single transaction use call transaction. (This is more genric answer but you can add more on to this if you have worked on BDC) 3. When u prefer LSMW? Ans. When we need to update medium amount of data we use LSMW. LSMW is also used when the person like functional consultant has less programming language. 5. Difference between .include and .append? Ans. Include structure allows to add one or more structure into structure or table.Also placed positioning anywhere. Upto 6 include structure can be used in a table. Append structure can be placed only at the end of a structure or table which also stops further insertion of fields.Only one append structure can be used 6. Preformance techniques Ans. 1. The sequence of fields must be same as per database table

2. During writing select query write all fields in sequence as per database table. 3. Never write select statements inside loop….endloop. 4. Use st05 SQL trace, se30 run time analysis, code inspector, slin,etc. 5. Use select single * statement instead of select * 6. Always use primary key 7. Use binary search but before using binary search sort that table. 7. How to debug sapscripts ? Ans. Two ways to debug sapscript . first way is goto SE 71 and from menu bar select Utilities>activate debugger .then goto SE38 execute the print program ,it automatically goes to debugging mode …..the other way is , run the program RSTXDBUG in se 38 . execute it . a message will show that debugger is activated .now open the print program in se 38 …u vll notice that the print prgm is automatically diverted to debugging mode. 8. What is partner selection? Ans. This concept is mainly used in IDOC where u select the partner profile using Tcode We20 .with Tcode SM59 you create RFC(remote function call) to create communication link to a remote system. 10. What is occurs in internal table? Ans. Occurs addition to the Declaration will give initial size to that table.occur statement allocates 8kb of memory to the internal table. 11. What is page window? Ans : page window is nothing but a container of a page ,which uniquely identifies a set of data …for example while creating invoice …we create logo window , billing document header window , customer window , terms and condition window etc … 12. What is the difference between scrolling a table horizontally and vertically..?? Ans: In table control when you scroll a table vertically presentation server needs to call application server to fetch the next record and display in the table while in case of horizontal scroll there is no need to call application server.

13. What are Field Groups? Ans: A group that combines several fields fewer than one name, at runtime, the INSERT command is used to define which data fields are assigned to which field group are called Field Groups. It should always be a HEADER field group that defines how the extracted data will be sorted; the fields grouped under the HEADER field group sort the data. 14. List the events in ABAP/4 Language? Ans: The events in ABAP/4 are load of program ,Initialization, Selection Screen, Start of Selection, End of Selection, Top of page, Line selection, User command, End, First. 15.How the values will be passed to RFC Function module PassbyValue or Passbyreference? Ans: always Pass by Value. RFC is Remote Function call so it can’t access the values with Pass by reference. 16. Buffering concept usage? Ans: There are three type of buffer 1 single record 2 generic buffer 3 full buffer Buffering is use for improve performance. it improves performance 10 to 100 times more 17. Select up to 1 row and select single difference ? Ans: Select single fetches first matching record. If more than one matching records are there then only the first matching record will be considered other records will not be taken into account. Where as select up to 1 rows will fetch all the matching records from the database. (Again it will assign only One Record to the internal table/Work area) 18. What are the different buffering methods? There are two different buffering methods The system ensures that data transfer between the R/3 System and the database system is as efficient as possible. To do this, it uses the following techniques:

Table buffering: The program accesses data from the buffer of the application server. Database request buffering: Individual database entries are not read or passed to the database until required by an OPEN SQL statement. 19. Different types of locks? v Read lock (shared lock) Protects read access to an object. The read lock allows other transactions read access but not write access to the locked area of the table. v o Write lock (exclusive lock) Protects write access to an object. The write lock allows other transactions neither read nor write access to the locked area of the table. v o Enhanced write lock (exclusive lock without cumulation) Works like a write lock except that the enhanced write lock also protects from further accesses from the same transaction. 20. CHAIN END CHAIN? Ans: Chain and end chain are used for multiple field validation in Module pool programming .It is written inside the screen flow logic. 21.How to Debug RFC Function module? Ans: SE38 –> Utilities –> Settings –> ABAP Editor –> Debugging Activate the external debugging and choose the New Debugger option in ABAP debugger. Go to the particular place in the code and put break point, pop will appear then choose the HTTP break point. If you are triggering the RFC from SAP portal make sure that both the user ID should be same If the users are different then provide the XI/Portal User ID in the users field. 22.Why sapscripts are client dependent and smartforms are client independent.? Ans-: Smartforms create its own function module so it doesn’t need to transport the request

through SCC1.As all the Development Object are stored in client independent tables. Whereas Script doesn’t generate any function module while executing so we need to transport the request number through SCC1.Sap script is stroed in side the client depended table as a TEXT.so sapscripts are client dependent and smartforms are client independent. 23. Difference between user exit and BADIs? Ans: User exit is for single implementation and it is procedural approach while BADIs are for multiple implementation and object oriented approach. Multiple implementation means Reusability… because we use OOps Concepts for BADI. 24. Control break events in ABAP:1. AT-FIRST: This is used when we want to execute the statements before records are processed. 2. AT-LAST: This event is used when we want to execute the statements after all records are processed. 3. AT-NEW: This event is used when we want to execute the statement before group of records are processed. 4. AT-END: This event is used when we want to execute the statements after processing of group of records. 25.I am uploading 100 records out of which say 59th record has error so what will happen if i am using synchronous or asynchronous method of BDC? Can we update the database using local update mode how? 26. Suppose i am writing following code then what will be output? LOAD-OF-PROGRAM. WRITE:/”HELLO”. Ans: HELLO (Explain the importance of LOAD-OF-PROGRAM Event.If you dont know Tell the interviewer as this event is used in such cases when you want to clear sum buffers or something Before calling that Program) 27. What is TMG? Ans. TMG stands for Table Maintenance generator. It is a tool available in abap by which we can add or delete multiple records at a time and it is executed or triggered by the transaction code SM30.

28. Difference between select option and ranges ? Ans. The main difference between select option and ranges is that ranges implicitly or automatically creates internal table with fields like OPTION,LOW,HIGH,SIGN,etc . Where as in case of select option we have to explicitly create internal table. When u declares a select options it will implicitly declare an internal table (ranges) for you. While using RANGES syntax u can declare internal table explicitly. The only need of declaring ranges is when you r not taking input from the user but you want make limit based selection at that time it will be use full e.g. SELECT ** from ** where MATNR in val_range. here u can use select-option or ranges : val_range. 29. is it possible to bring select option in module pool screens? Ans.Create a SELECT-OPTIONS in module pool screen using two methods as shown. Method 1:—a) Create a subscreen area in your screen layout where you want to create the select options. b) In the top include of your module pool program declare a selection screen as a subscreen e.g. SELECTION-SCREEN BEGIN OF SCREEN 100 AS SUBSCREEN. select-options s_matnr for mara-matnr. SELECTION-SCREEN END OF SCREEN. c) In the PBO and PAI of the main screen where the select options needs to be created do a call subscreen of the above screen (100). CALL SUBCREEN sub_area INCLUDING This CALL SUBSCREEN statement is necessary for transport of values between screen and program. Note: All validations of the selection screen fields e.g. the s_matnr field created above should be done in selection screen events like AT SELECTION-SCREEN etc and not in PAI. These selection screen validations etc should be done in the top include only. Method 2:——a) Create 2 separate fields in your screen layout – one for the low value and one for the high

value. Insert an icon beside the high value which will call the multiple selections popup screen on user command. Use function module COMPLEX_SELECTIONS_DIALOG to achieve this. continued …… struc_tab_and_field-fieldname = con_cust. ” ‘KUNNR’ struc_tab_and_field-tablename = con_kna1. ” ‘KNA1′. CALL FUNCTION ‘COMPLEX_SELECTIONS_DIALOG’ EXPORTING* TITLE = ‘ ‘ text = g_titl1 ” ‘Customers’ tab_and_field = struc_tab_and_field TABLES RANGE = rng_kunnr EXCEPTIONS NO_RANGE_TAB = 1 CANCELLED = 2 INTERNAL_ERROR = 3 INVALID_FIELDNAME = 4 OTHERS = 5. IF NOT rng_kunnr[] IS INITIAL. * Read the very first entry of the range table and pass it to * dynpro screen field *READ TABLE rng_kunnr INDEX 1. IF sy-subrc = 0. g_cust = rng_kunnr-low. ENDIF. ENDIF. You can use the return table rng_kunnr to populate your own internal range table with the values entered by the user. Basically here you are just simulating the work of a select-options parameter by module pool screen elements. 30.how we can retrive data using secondary index.explain with simple example Ans: First create secondary indexes on required fields of a particular database table. We can create one primary index and 15 secondary indexes.Once the respective secondary indexes are created write select queries and within select queries specify secondary indexes field name with where clause. 31.How can we handle table control in BDC? Ans.We can handle table control using line index Line index indicates which line of Table control is to be use for BDC transaction

Ex perform bdc_field using ‘RC29K-AUSKZ(01)’ Indicates 1st line of table control is going to be used for transaction which is Line index of Table Control 32. If i want to execute a BDC program only in background not in foreground is there any option for this? Ans.The sm37 transaction can be used for running a program in the background. Also in the session method while processing the session you can specify the processing type as background or foreground. 33.How Can We upload a text file having Delimiters in to Legacy System Ans.For up loading text file we use the pre-defined FM gui_upload. in that FM we have the parameter has_field_seperator for that we assign the default delimiter ‘x’. HAS_FIELD_SEPERATOR ‘X’ ‘X’ can provide the Whatever delimiter we used in flat file for separation. 34. What is the land scape in sap. Ans. In every organisation sap landscape involves three servers viz, Development server, Quality server and Production server. Whatever new development we do as per clients requirement is done in development server. Later to test the developed object we move it to quality server for testing and finally once everything goes clear then the object is moved to production server ,production server data is ready for final business use. 35. Workbench request are client dependent or client independent Ans. Workbench request are client independent. (Common Man Workbench request holds the Program , FM etc…. How it can be Client Dependent!!!!) 36. Tell me about workbench request and customization requests. Ans.Workbench (ABAP Dev) request is client independent when you import it into one system it reflact it in all client in same system, but customized request has to import in that client perticular client where it is created, actually it is client dependent.

Other Interview questions… SAP SCRIPTS & FORMS 1. Can we write the code/program inside sap script? 2. How will u create sapscripts & smartforms in multiple language? 3.How to execute sap script & smart forms in Background? 4.How to do total & subtotal in scripts & forms? ================================================= DATA DICTIONARY 1.Apart from .include & .append how will u do table enhancement? 2.what r the events of table maintainence generator? 3.what will happen if i use projection view and maintainence view together? 4. I created ZEMP table now i want to add more data but prev. data should not disturb how can i do this? ===================================================== REPORTS 1.How will u print footers in alv report? 2.How will u edit fields from output list of alv? ==================================================== BDC 1.what r the fields u took during recording for mmo1,me21n? 2.If u want to do bdc for xd01 explain me how will be the flow? ================================================= user exits

1.what r enhancement points? 2.How to write customer exits? 3.what is routine? how it is different from user exits?