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XLDZHS[DMBM XLDZ HS[DMBM MHI ZBIIH ZBI IH MH FÄQDK@ FÄQDK@ MD[HÒ@ DL[]SXKKD@LBI XLDMBM 3. DLDKD@ MHI MD[HÒ@7 MHI MHI KXSSÆKXI@ KXSSÆKXI@ BI MD[HÒ@ DL[]SXKKD@LBI HL HL]@SL@[ ZDS]XBIH[7 K@L[DMHSBKD@LH[ NHLHSBIH[  BK]DZDMBM  BK]DZDMB M ;. US@THK]@ DL]HNSBM@S DL]HNSBM@S H]BUB 2 Mrb. Hidzbchta K`rtäs Ubifb  Biuf  Bi uflb7 lb7 L`rf L`r f b Dshib Dshi b Kdslhr Kds lhr`s `s F`rhl` F`r hl` Fbtrækuib7 =1551115:

 

Jhkab7 3> mh Fbrz` mhi 353 3532 2

 

H]BUB 2. MD MD[H [H @ DL[ DL[]S ]SXK XKKD KD@L @LBI BI Kurs`77 Kurs`

Bpidk bkdûl mh ibs p`iætdk bs mh ib L@ L@FF-5; 5;8 8 k`f` k`f ` fhg`rb k`l tdlu tdlub b

Murbkdûl7

: ars.

 B k`ltdlubkdûl k`ltdlubkdûl sh prhshltb ul Ur`yhkt` Dlthnrbm`r, Dlthnrbm`r, hstrukturbm` hstrukturbm` pbrb ib rhbidzbkdûl rhbidzbkdûl mh Kurs`s rhquhrdm`s hl ib Hskuhib, mdrdndm` b t`m` hi phrs`lbi M`khlth, Bmfdldstrbtdv`, mh Fblthldfdhlt` h Dlthlmhlkdb, mh ibs kubtr` shkkd`lhs k`fprhlmdmbs p`r hi Khlmd, ib Urdfbrdb, ib [hkulmbrdb y hi ldvhi Cbkadiihrbt` mhi Dlstdtut` Bfärdkb, B.K., pbrb ib bpidkbkdûl mh ib p`iætdkb mh prhvhlkdûl mh rdhsn`s psdk`s`kdbihs quh ib L@F 5;8 rdnh, bk`rmh b ib ihy ibc`rbi mh i`s trbcbgbm`rhs. Ib L@F 5;8 []U[ hs ulb l`rfb quh `cidnb b ibs hfprhsbs b mhthktbr y prhvhldr i`s rdhsn`s psdk`s`kdbihs quh sh puhmbl prhshltbr hl ibs bktdvdmbmhs mdbrdbs mhltr` mh ulb `rnbldzbkdûl. Hl kbs` mh dlkufpidfdhlt` b hstb l`rfb, ibs fuitbs puhmhl shr mh fâs mh 855 fdi phs`s. I`s Jbkt`rhs mh Sdhsn` Usdk`s`kdbi   hl hi trbcbg` s`l i`s bsphkt`s psdk`iûndk`s y s`kdbihs quh puhmhl bjhktbr lhnbtdvbfhlth b i`s trbcbgbm`rhs mhltr` mh ulb `rnbldzbkdûl. Uuhmhl shr, p`r hghfpi`, hsträs nrbvh, blsdhmbm ` trbst`rl`s mhi suhò` mh bkuhrm` bi tdp` mh puhst`, tdp` mh g`rlbmb ibc`rbi ` b ib hxp`sdkdûl b hvhlt`s trbufâtdk`s shvhr`s.

K`fphthlkdb7   Mhsbrr`iibr hihfhlt`s quh ihs byumhl b dmhltdjdkbr, blbidzbr y prhvhldr jbkt`rhs mh rdhsn` psdk`s`kdbi, bmhfâs mh dfpuisbr abcdidmbmhs phrs`lbihs quh ihs phrfdtbl ul krhkdfdhlt` phrs`lbi hl julkdûl mh ulb fhg`rb k`ltdlub k`lsdn` fdsf`s y k`l su hlt`rl`.

Uhrjdi

mhi Hi kurs` vb mdrdndm` b t`m` hi phrs`lbi quh ibc`rb hl hi Dlstdtut` Bfärdkb.

Ubrtdkdpblth7 Hi phrs`lbi hstâ k`fprhlmdm` p`r ibs kubtr` shkkd`lhs quh tdhlh ib hskuhib7 Khlmd, Khlmd , Urdfbrdb, [hkulmbrdb y Cbkadiihrbt`, mh ibs ârhbs7 M`khlkdb, Bmfdldstrbtdv`s, Dlthlmhlkdb y Fblthldfdhlt`. Ibs hmbmhs jiukt÷bl mh 38 b :5 bò`s y sus ldvhihs s`kd`-hk`lûfdk`s s`l mh cbg` b fhmd`. Ldvhihs bkbmäfdk`s mhsmh prdfbrdb abstb M`kt`rbm`.

F`mbidmbm

C- Ihbrldln, bp`yblm` k`l ul f`mhi` dlstrukkd`lbi B[[XSH

Dlstrukkd`lbi7 Fbrk` Fb rk` Kurrdkuibr7 Mhcdm` b quh hs ul kurs` quh sh hstâ dfpihfhltblm` pbrb ib dlstrukkdûl mh ib L@F-5;8 pbrb hi phrs`lbi mh ib Hskuhib, hi fbrk` kurrdkuibr câsdkbfhlth sh mdshòû mh ib sdnudhlth fblhrb, cbsbm` hl ibs p`iætdkbs quh rdnhl ib l`rfb y hl ibs lhkhsdmbmhs quh sh tdhlhl7

 

Fûmui`

]h ]hfb fb

Fb Fbthrdbihs thrdbihs

Hvbiubkdûl

K`l`kdfdhlt` y bpidkbkdûl mh ib L@F- -Uibtbj`rfb ]hbfs 5;8.  

•

2

-Zdmh`k`ljhrhlkdb Ruä s`l i`s Jbkt`rhs mh rdhsn`

Usdk`s`kdbi  

•

Hlt`rl` @rnbldzbkd`lbi y

Hvbiubkdûl mh

 But`fbtdzbmb bmb hl ib  But`fbtdz

L@F-5;8

J`rfs

-Bumd`

U`lmhrbkdûl7

-Ur`yhkt`r

85%

bfcdhlth ibc`rbi   [hltdm` mh phrthlhlkdb ibc`rbi

-UK

  @rnbldnrbfb

- 285 K`pdbs mh træptdk`s mh

•



-Buib bfpidb h diufdlbmb

ib L@F-5;8 K`l`kdfdhlt` mhi Uhrjdi mhi k`ibc`rbm`r -Uibtbj`rfb ]hbfs

Hvbiubkdûl

bk`rmh bi ârhb

 But`fbtdzbmb  But`fbtdz bmb hl

 

•

3

Mhjdldkdûl

-Zdmh`k`ljhrhlkdb prhkdsb

mh

ibs sdlkrûldkb y bsdlkrûldkb

julkd`lhs (Ur`khmdfdhlt`s)   Uhrjdi psdk`iûndk` k`ibc`rbm`r (hfpihbm`) •

 

•

mhi -Ur`yhkt`r

rhquhrdmbs  

•

U`lmhrbkdûl7

-Bumd`

Abcdidmbmhs y rhsp`lsbcdidmbmhs

Kbpbkdtbkdûl mh tbrhbs

J`rfs

38 %

-UK -Buib bfpidb h diufdlbmb -285 k`pdbs k`l phrjdihs y julkd`lhs mh ibs mdjhrhlths ârhbs.

Mhsbrr`ii` Uhrs`lbi

hstrukturbmbs bktdvb

hl

Idmhrbzn`

-Mdlâfdkbs

 

Fblhg` mh k`ljidkt`s

 

Bshrtdvdmbm hl ib k`fuldkbkdûl

p`r kbmb thfb -Buib bfpidb h diufdlbmb

J`r` mdskusdûl.

-A`gbs, piuf`lhs, r`tbj`id`s

U`lmhrbkdûl7

-Ur`yhkt`r

38 %

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  But`hstdfb

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Ubrtdkdpbkdûl

 

•

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-Uibtbj`rfb ]hbfs

- UK

ul mh

 

Gustdjd kbkdûl mhi F F`mhi` `mhi` Dlstrukkd`lbi   Hi f`mhi` dlstrukkd`lbi b utdidzbr shrâ hi f`mhi` B[[XSH, yb quh sh bgustb fâs b ibs lhkhsdmbmhs mhi kurs` quh sh mhshb dfpihfhltbr, puhs hs ul f`mhi` k`lstruktdvdstb y k`lhktdvdstb. U`r `tr` ibm`, pbrth mh ibs kbrbkthræstdkbs pr`pdbs mhi hstumdblth, hl hsth kbs`, hs lhkhsbrd` thlhr fuy prhshlth hst`, yb quh sh kuhltb k`l phrs`lbi k`l fukab mdjhrhlkdb mh hmbmhs (38 b :5 bò`s) y tbfcdäl, t`m` tdp` mh ldvhi bkbmäfdk`, hs mhkdr, phrs`lbs phrs`lb s quh l` iihnbl b thlhr fâs quh ib prdfbrdb (fblthldfdhlt` h dlthlmhlkdb) y p`r `tr` ibm`, m`khlths y phrs`lbi bmfdldstrbtdv` (bquæ hstâl tbfcdäl mdrhktdv`s), quh tdhlhl abstb abstb m`kt`rbm`s. U`r i` fdsf`, sh sh cuskb mhjdldr tbfcdäl su hstdi` mh bprhlmdzbgh, cuskblm` ulb pbrtdkdpbkdûl bktdvb mhi phrs`lbi y k`fpr`fds` k`l ib bmqudsdkdûl mh i`s k`l`kdfdhlt`s, bin` quh sdl iunbr b mumbs, l`s `jrhkh hi f`mhi` B[[XSH.

 Bk`rmh b ib hstrukturb hstrukturb mh hsth f`mhi`, i`s pult`s b trbcbgbr rhsphkt` rhsphkt` mhi prhshlth kurs` mh  Bpidkbkdûl mh ibs p`iætdkbs mh ib L@F-5;8 k`f` fhg`rb k`ltdlub, sh hstbcihkh hstbcihkh mh ib sdnudhlth fblhrb7

2. Blbidzbr ib bumdhlkdb7 Hi prhshlth kurs` vb mdrdndm` bi phrs`lbi quh dlthnrb ib pibltdiib mh ib Hskuhib Dlstdtut` Bfärdkb, hi kubi k`lstb mh 2;2 phrs`lbs, kuybs hmbmhs jiukt÷bl hltrh i`s 38 y :5 bò`s, k`l ul ldvhi s`kd`-hk`lûfdk` mh cbg` b fhmd`, dlthnrbm` p`r phrs`lbi mh dlthlmhlkdb, fblthldfdhlt`, bmfdldstrbtdv` y m`khlths.  

3. Hstbcihkhr i`s `cghtdv`s7 Hi `cghtdv` mh hsth Kurs`, hs quh hi phrs`lbi quh dlthnrb ib pibltdiib mh ib Hskuhib Dlstdtut` Bfärdkb, hstbcihzkb i`s hihfhlt`s pbrb dmhltdjdkbr, blbidzbr y prhvhldr i`s jbkt`rhs mh m h rdhsn` psdk`s`kdbi, bsæ tbfcdäl, tbfcdäl , pbrb pr`f`vhr ul hlt`rl` `rnbldzbkd`lbi jbv`rbcih hl i`s khltr`s mh trbcbg`, quh fbrkb ib L`f  5;8.  ‛

;. [h [hihkkd` ihkkd` lbr fä fät`m` t`m` s, thkl`i `næbs y fb fbthrdbihs7 thrdbihs7 Ubrb ib rhbidzbkdûl mh hsth kurs`, sh hfpihbrâ ul fät`m` dlstrukkd`lbi k`lstruktdvdstb, k`l ul f`mhi` C-Ihbrldln, bp`yâlm`l`s k`l ib pibtbj`rfb ]HBF[, utdidzbmb p`r ib Dlstdtukdûl. [h kuhltb k`l hqudp` mh kûfput`

 

mdsp`ldcih, bsæ k`f` k`l pr`yhkt`rhs, vdmh`s, bumd`s h dlstbibkd`lhs rhquhrdmbs pbrb iihvbr b kbc` hi kurs`. 

=. Xsbr fät`m` fät`m`s, s, thkl`i thkl`i`næbs `næbs y fbthrdbihs7  Hl hstb shkkdûl, iihvbrhf`s b kbc` i`s fät`m`s hstbcihkdm`s hl hi pult` blthrd`r, bp`yâlm`l`s hl hi us` mh ibs ]DK, p`r fhmd` mh ib pibtbj`rfb ]HBF[ yb fhlkd`lbmb, hi us` mh bpidkbkd`lhs k`f` J`rfs, vdmh`s, hxp`sdkdûl hl p`whr p`dlt y hi us` mh mdlâfdkbs quh jbkdidthl ib k`fprhlsdûl mh i`s thfbs b dfpbrtdr. 

8. Shquhrdr ib pbrtdkdpbkdûl mh i`s hfpihbm`s7 [h rhquhrdrâ ib pbrtdkdpbkdûl bktdvb mhi phrs`lbi, p`r fhmd` mh mdlâfdkbs, hxp`sdkdûl mh pr`cihfbs quh nhlhrhl ul hlt`rl` ibc`rbi

l` mhshbcih, blbidzbr fät`m`s mh kbs`s quh abnbl biusdûl b i`s thfbs hstbcihkdm`s y ib prhshltbkdûl mh pr`puhstbs rhbidzbmbs p`r hii`s pbrb ulb fhg`rb k`ltdlub, tblt` b ldvhi phrs`lb, k`f` ibc`rbi. 

:. Hvbiubr y rhvdsbr7 [h rhbidzbrâl trhs hvbiubkd`lhs, ulb p`r kbmb ]hfb, m`lmh ibs m`s prdfhrbs hstbrâl cbsbmbs hl ulb hvbiubkdûl hl iælhb k`l ib bpidkbkdûl J`rfs y ib ÷itdfb p`r fhmd` mh ulb pbrtdkdpbkdûl hl ul j`r` mh mdskusdûl, abkdhlm` ulb rhjihxdûl s`crh i`s thfbs mh Mhsbrr`ii` phrs`lbi. 

Ur`puhstb mh k`ljdnurbkdûl k`ljdnur bkdûl mhi bfcdhlth vdrtubi b trbcbgb trbcbgbr7 r7 Mhcdm` b ib sdtubkdûl mh pblmhfdb, i`s kurs`s quh sh mhshbl dfpihfhltbr, shrâl bk`rmh b ib luhvb f`mbidmbm mh hlshòblzb C-Ihbrldln, k`l ib jdlbidmbm mh bgustbrl`s b ibs lhkhsdmbmhs mh i`s k`ibc`rbm`rhs y mh ib Dlstdtukdûl. I`s kurs`s shrâl trblsfdtdm`s p`r ib pibtbj`rfb ]HBF[ kublm` shb mh fblhrb vdrtubi y hl ib sbib mh us`s f÷itdpihs kublm` shb prhshlkdbi, mdvdmdälm`i`s p`r shkkd`lhs y ârhbs.

Hihfhlt`s mhi bfcdhlth y bktdvdmbmhs bktdvdm bmhs mh b bprhlmd prhlmd zbgh Hihfhlt`s mhi bfcdhlth y bktdvdmbmhs mhi bprhlmdzbgh quh sh utdidzbrâl hl hsth kurs`7 -

Hvbiubkd`lhs but`fbtdzbmbs p`r J`rfs

-

Ubrtdkdpbkdûl bktdvb murblth hi kurs`

-

Mdlâfdkbs

-

Fät`m` mh kbs`s

-

Bprhlmdzbgh cbsbm` hl pr`cihfbs

-

J`r` mh Mdskusdûl 

Hibc`rû7

Usdk. Hmuk. L`rfb Dshib Kdslhr`s F`rhl`

 

  SHJHSHLKDB[

 

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 Bfbr`, S. (3522, mdkdhfcrh). mdkdhfcrh). Ib pibldjdkbkdûl mdmâktdkb y hi mdshò` dlstrukkd`lbi hl bfcdhlths y p`stnrbm` 3:(3), vdrtubihs.  Hl Dlvhstdnbkdûl vdrtubihs. 234-2:5. Shkuphrbm` mh7 attp7//www.skdhi`.`rn.vh/skdhi`.pap0skrdpt6skdPbrtthxt&pdm6[2;2:-551>352255535555= K`ii, K. (355=, bn`st`-hlhr`).  bn`st`-hlhr`). Usdk`i`næb mh ib hmukbkdûl y prâktdkbs hmukbtdvbs fhmdbmbs p`r ibs thkl`i`næbs mh ib dlj`rfbkdûl y ib k`fuldkbkdûl. Xlb fdrbmb k`lstruktdvdstb. Hl Shvdstb Hihktrûldkb [dläktdkb, (38), 2-3=. Shkuphrbm` mh7 attp7//www.rhmbiyk.`rn/brtdkui`.`b0dm64412814452: Mæbz Cbrrænb, J. (355:).  (355:).  Urdlkdpd`s mh mdshò` dlstrukkd`lbi mh hlt`rl`s mh bprhlmdzbgh bp`ybm`s hl ]DK7 ul fbrk` mh rhjhrhlkdb s`kd`kuiturbi y sdtubm`. Hl ]hkl`i`næb y K`fuldkbkdûl (=2). Shkuphrbm` mh7 attp7//dlvhstdnbkd`l.dikh.hmu.fx/stx.bsp0dm63;;3 bpr hlmdzbgh (HZB). Cbrkhi`lb7 [divb, R. G. (3555). Mdshò` y f`mhrbkdûl mh hlt`rl`s vdrtubihs mh bprhlmdzbgh Hmdt`rdbi X@K. Shkuphrbm` mh7 attp7//sdth.hcrbry.k`f/idc/vbiihfhxdk`sp/rhbmhr.bktd`l0m`kDM625843814&ppn61   @lhJ`id`. (3528, guld` =). Dltr`mukkdûl bi F`mhi` mh Mhsbrr`ii` Hmukbkd`lbi. _Zdmh`V. K`rthsæb mhi Iburhbth Dlthrlbtd`lbi Lhtw`ro `j Xldvhrsdtdhs. Shkuphrbm` mh7 attp7//`lhj`id`.iburhbth.lht/hs/rhs`urkhs/=5>   Jbræbs Fbrtælhz, N.? F`lt`yb mhi K`rth, G. (3554).  (3554).  Nhstdûl mh ul hlt`rl` vdrtubi mh bprhlmdzbgh pbrb hi mhsbrr`ii` mh k`fphthlkdbs pr`jhsd`lbihs. Hl Bphrturb7 Shvdstb mh Dll`vbkdûl Hmukbtdvb 2(2). Shkuphrbm` mh  mh attp7//www.rhmbiyk.`rn/pmj/:11/:1135128552.pmj  attp7//www.rhmbiyk.`rn/pmj/:11/:1135128552.pmj    y mhsbrr`ii` kurrdkuibr. Shkuphrbm` Wbcbizb, F. (3525). Mdshò` mh7 attp7//sdth.hcrbry.k`f/idc/vbiihfhxdk`sp/rhbmhr.bktd`l0m`kDM622352=:4&ppn6;>