C ]N_K]Y KE DKG_@NYFKE KL TY^INEY FEI^TY]FC@ ZK]B NX_N]FNEDN TDHNGN (T.F.Z.N.T).
CY YHN NEJFENN]FEJ IN_C]YGNEY KL EFJN]FCE YN@N\FTFKE C^YHK]FYV DHCEEN@ > CM^AC MNHFEI K@I _C]CIN J]K^EI, C]NC 3? JC]BF LDY. MV
FAF AKHE N@^ZC. MT^/TD/_HV/IN/34/==34=. _]NTNEYNI YK YHN IN_C]YGNEY KL _HVTFDT MNE^N TYCYN ^EF\N]TFYV GCB^]IF
FE _C]YFC@ L^@LF@GNEY KL YHN ]NS^F]GNEYT LK] YHN CZC]I KL MCDHN@K] KL TDFNEDN INJ]NN FE _HVTFDT (M.TD _HVTFTD)
A^EN, =?3, Mnhfei K`i pcrcin jrkuei Crnc 3? Jcrbf Cmuac, lrkg UEkvngmnr, =?3> tk ==ei Cprf`, =?3 Cmuac nspndfc``y Nejr. Flnicyk, Nejr. Tcbc, Nejr. Ngnbc lkr thnfr gkrc` suppkrt fe thn dcusn kl thfs prkjrcggn.
F c`sk cdbekw`nijn yku gy lrfneis _rfedn Gctthnw Kmcg cei dkursn gctns Cac Lfin`fs, Fdhngn Tcgun` (TcggyTurn), Acgns Cmndhf (Acgc`) cei hkst kl kthnrs. F cg jrctnlu` lkr c`` ykur suppkrt. Yhfs rnpkrt wf`` mn fedkgp`ntn fl F lcf`ni tk cdbekw`nijn gy supnrvfskr Ir.
Mcrecm Mcr ecmcs cs Cdhcbp Cdhcbpcc Fbyk Fbyk lkr tcbfej hfs tfgn tk supnrvfsn thfs wkrb. F cg jrctnlu`. Cei tk c`` Inpcrtgnet kl Nejfennr EYC Dhceen` > Cmuac, F scy thceb yku lkr thn kppkrtuefty cei thn prfvf`njn kl gnntfej yku thct wcs wn`` usni. Yhcebs tk yku c``.
f v
CMTY]CDY
Yhfs rnpkrt hk`is c rnvfnw kl thn Ttuinet Feiustrfc` Zkrb Nxpnrfnedn Tdhngn (T.@Z (T
[email protected]. .N.T) T),, ct Yhn Efjnr Efjnrfc fc Yn Yn`nv `nvfsf fsfke ke Cu Cuthk thkrft rfty2 y2 Dhc Dhcee een` n` > {Yh {Yhnn ^ef ^efty ty Ttctfke) Cmu Ttctfke) Cmuac. ac. Yhn ec ectur turnn kl thf thfss rnp rnpkrt krt spce spcess thn iurc iurctfk tfke e cei lfei lfeifej fejss iurf iu rfej ej thn thn pr prkj kjrc rcg, g, fed` fed`ui uife fej j ic icf` f`y y cd cdtf tfvf vftf tfns ns,, gc gcak akr` r`y y mrkc mrkcid idcs cstf tfej ej,, Entwkrbfej cei thn invfd invfdns ns usni.
v
DKEYNEYT _CJN
Tndtfke...... Tndtf ke........................ ..................................... ..................................... .................................... ........................... ................. ............ ...._cjn _cjn Eugmnr Eugmnr
Dnrtflfdct Dnrtf lfdctfke... fke..................... .................................... .................................... ..................................... ................................... ......................... ............. ....ff Inifdctfk Inif dctfke.......... e............................. ..................................... .................................... .................................... .......................................... ........................ ff Cdbekw`n Cdbe kw`nijng ijngnets. nets................... .................................... ..................................... ..................................... .................................. .................. ..fff fff Cmstrcdt Cmst rcdt................. ................................... ..................................... ..................................... .................................... ......................................fv ....................fv Dketnets Dket nets _cjn.................... _cjn...................................... .................................... ..................................... .............................. ................... .............. ...... v DHC_YN] KEN 3.3 Fetrkiud Fetrkiudtfke tfke................. ................................... .................................... .................................... ..................................... .......................... .......3 3 3.=
Cmku Cmkutt EYC Dh> Cmuac.......... Cmuac............................ .................................... .................................... ................................. ............... =
3.4
Yhn Jkc`s Jkc`s cei Kmandtfvn Kmandtfvns.............. s................................ .................................... ..................................... ......................... ......4 4
3.9
Mrfnl Mrfnl ke thn Inpcrtgn Inpcrtgnet........... et............................. .................................... .................................... ...............................9 .............9
3.>
Cmkut Cmkut thn Dkgpcey Dkgpcey (Krjcek (Krjcekjrcg jrcg)........... )............................. ..................................... ................................8 .............8
DHC_YN] YZK =.3
Iutf Iutfns ns Cei ]nspkesfm ]nspkesfmf`ftf f`ftfns........... ns............................. .................................... .................................... ......................... .......8 8
=.=
Tnttfej Tnttfej up thn Ttuifk..................... Ttuifk....................................... ..................................... ............................ ................. ............... ....... 6
=.4
Dkgputnr Dkgputnr/Fet /Fetnrent nrent Entwkrb Entwkrbfej...... fej........................ .................................... ......................................... .......................33 33
DHC_YN] YH]NN 4.3
Iutfns Iutfns cei ]nspkesfm ]nspkesfmf`ftf f`ftfns........... ns............................. .................................... ............................................ ................................ ......36 36
4.= Enws _rkiudtfke............. _rkiudtfke...................... .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. ................. ............... .......... ..... =>
DHC_YN] LK^] 9.3
Dhc Dhc``n ``nejn ejnss Lcdni. Lcdni..... ......... ......... ......... ......... ......... ......... ......... ......... ......... ......... ......... .......... .......... ......... ......... .........................43 ....................43
9.=
_rkm`n _rkm`ngs gs Nedkuet Nedkuetnr nr cei Dkursn Dkursn kl Cdtfk Cdtfke... e........ ......... ......... ......... ......... ......... ......... .........................4 ....................43 3
9.4
Dkelfrgc Dkelfrgctkry tkry................... ..................................... .................................... .................................... ................................. ....................... ............ ....4= 4=
DHC_YN] LF\N >.3 Dked`usfk Dked`usfkes es cei Tuggcry Tuggcry kl Nxpnrfn Nxpnrfnedns edns Kmtcfeni.. Kmtcfeni.................................. ......................................44 ......44 >.=
]ndk ]ndkggne ggneictf ictfkes.... kes...................... .................................... ..................................... ..................................... .................................. ................44 44
>.4
]nlnrned ]nlnrnedns......... ns............................ ..................................... .................................... ................................................. ....................................... .........49 .49
vfff
DHC_YN] KEN 3.? FEY]KI^DYFKE
Yhfs Yh fs rnpkrt rnpkrt hcs mnne mnne wrfttn wrfttne e iun iun tk thn thn Fei Feiust ustrfc rfc`` Yrcfe Yrcfefej fej (FY) (FY) prkjrc prkjrcg g ueinrjken. Ft nxcgfens thn cdtfvftfns dcrrfni kut iurfej thn prkjrcg cs rnjcri tk thn thn iutfn iutfnss cei rnspke rnspkesfm sfmf`f f`ftfn tfnss thct thct F wcs suman sumandtn dtni i tk fe fed`u d`uif ifej ej Enws Enws prkiudtfke prkiudtf ke cei thn thn krjcefzctfke‖s krjcefzctfke‖s tcsbs. tcsbs. Yhfs prkjrcg wcs fedkrpkrctni cei lueini my thn Lninrc` Jkvnregnet kl Efjnr Efjnrfc, fc, akfet akfet`y `y dkkri dkkrife fectn ctni i my thn thn Ectfk Ectfkec ec`` ^efv ^efvnrs nrsft ftfns fns Dkggf Dkggfssf ssfke ke (E^D) cei Feiustrfc` Yrcfefej Luei (FYL) lkr thn cdqufsftfke kl sbf``s cei ciini vc`uns tk stuinets kl vcrfkus uefvnrsftfns. Fe thn dkurs dkursnn kl thn prkjrc prkjrcg, g, F wcs wcs nxpk nxpksni sni gcakr`y gcakr`y tk ‐Tdc`c Felk Dhceen` Insfjenr‗ cei ‐Cvfi @fqufi‗ cs thn gcfe skltwcrn wfth ciiftfkec`
sbf``s kl Cuifk Dketrk` fe c hfjhnr stuifk gfxfej cei thn cmf`fty tk inc` rnskurdnlu``y wfth ueusuc` Tkuei dketrk` cei Fetnrlnrnedns. MFKJ]C_HV KL YHN K]JCEFQCYFKE.
Efjnrfce Yn`nvfsfke Cuthkrfty Cuthkrfty c`sk bekwe cs EY C wcs fecujurctni fecujurctni fe 36:: cei fs thn Jkvnregnet-kweni mkiy fe dhcrjn kl Yn`nvfsfke Mrkcidcstfej fe thn dkuetry. Lkrgnr`y bekwe cs Efjnrfce Yn`nvfsfke (EYv), thn entwkrb mnjce wfth c tcbnkvnr kl rnjfkec` tn`nvfsfke stctfke fe 36:< my thne Efjnrfce gf`ftcry cuthkr cuth krft ftfn fnss cei cei wfin wfin`y `y vfnw vfnwni ni cs thn thn cuth cuthne netf tfdd vkfd vkfdnn kl th thnn Efjn Efjnrf rfce ce Jkvnregnet. Yn`nvfsfke mnjce mrkcidcstfej ke 43st Kdtkmnr 36>6 ueinr thn ecgn Znstnre Efjnrfce Jkvnregnet Mrkcidcstfej Dk-kpnrctfke (ZEY\). Ft wcs mcsni fe Fmcice cei wcs thn lfrst tn`nvfsfke stctfke fe trkpfdc` Clrfdc. Gnrjni stctfke ngnrjni fe Gcrdh 36 CM^AC
Yhnn Efjn Yh Efjnrf rfce ce Yn`n Yn`nvf vfsf sfke ke Cuth Cuthkr krft fty y (EYC (EYC)) Dhce Dhceen en`` > Cmua Cmuacc (Yh (Yhnn ^efty ^efty Ttctfke} wcs Ttctfke} wcs nstcm`fshni fe 3683 wfth c tnst trcesgfssfke ct Tu`nac Efjnr Ttctn. Yhn Ttctfke hci ken bf`kwctt trcesgfttnr thne wfth ke`y =9 bg dkvnrcjn. Ct thn gkgnet thn stctfke hcs 4.> bf`kwctts trcesgfttnrs `kdctni fe Crnc 3? Jcrbf LDY. Yhn stctfke trcesgfts ke \HL 3:>.=> - Dhceen` > rnspndtfvn`y. DK\N]CJN
EYC Dhceen` > Cmuac usns Cec`kjun Cec`kjun trcesgfttnr tk trcesgft ke`y ken dhceen` kl fts sfjec`. Yhn trcesgfttnrs necm`n thn stctfke tk dkvnr thn whk`n kl LDY cei pcrt kl thn thn enfjhmkurfej enfjhmkurfej stctns stctns kl Efjnr, Efjnr, Ecscrcwc, Ecscrcwc, Bkjf cei Bciuec. Bciuec. YHN \FTFKE
‐Yk mn c Zkr`i D`css Yn`nvfsfke Entwkrb‗ GFTTFKE
‐Yk prkvfin nxdn``net Yn`nvfsfke Tnrvfdns Zkr`iwfin cei tk prkandt thn trun Clrfdce _nrspndtfvn. 3.4
YHN JKC KC@ @T CE CEI I KM KMAN ANDY DYF\ F\N NT
Yhn jkc`s cei kmandtfvns kl EYC Dhceen` > crn tk niudctn, netnrtcfe cei ne`fjhtn ne`f jhtneni eni thn vfnwfej vfnwfej cuifned cuifnednn my prkvfif prkvfifej ej cei nllndtfvn nllndtfvn dkvnrcj dkvnrcjnn kl Efjnrfc cei tk mrkcidcst mrkcidcst thn thn fetnrectfkec`` fetnrectfkec``y y cddnptcm`n cddnptcm`n prkjrcggns. prkjrcggns. Tkgn kl thn prfgn jkc`s kl EYC Dhceen` > fed`uin2 • _rkgk _rkgktfe tfej j thn thn bekw` bekw`ni nijn jn kl cvcf cvcf`cm `cm`n `n prkiudt prkiudtss thrku thrkujh jh mc`ced mc`cedni ni cei dketrk``ni felkrgctfke • Yk nedkurc nedkurcjn jn thn thn prkiudtfk prkiudtfke e cei dkesug dkesugptfk ptfke e kl `kdc` `kdc` prkiudt prkiudt fe krinr krinr
=
tk cdhfnvn kur sullfdfnedy cei sn`l rn`fcedn • Yk lkstn lkstnrr thn spfrft spfrft kl hcri hcri wkrb wkrb cei hfjh hfjh prkiud prkiudtfv tfvft fty y wfth wfth c vf vfnw nw tk fedrncsn thn Ectfke‖s wnc`th cei tk n`nvctn thn quc`fty kl `fln kl thn pnkp`n. Yhn Ttctfke fs hncini my thn Jnenrc` Gcecjnr Kjceyc @. Tfgke (Grs) cei Cssfstni my sfx Hncis kl Inpcrtgnet kl Enws, _rkjrcggns, Nejfennrfej, Cigfefstrctfke, Gcrbntfej cei Cddkuets cs lk``kws1 GCECJNGNEY TY]^DY^]N E ECGN
_KTFYFKE
3
Kjceyc @. Tfgke (Grs)
Jnenrc` Gcecjnr
=
Gr. Akhe Mfvce
Gcecjnr Gcrbntfej
4
Tueicy Nskjmce
Gcecjnr Lfecedn
9
]kebn C`fyu
Gcecjnr _rkjrcggns
>
Lctfgc C Hcssce
Gcecjnr Enws & D/Cllcfrs
<
Hcifzc @cwcf Jwcrcg
Gcecjnr Cigfefstrctfke
:
Thucfmu Vchcyc
Csst. Dhfnl Nejfennr
3.9
M]FNL KE Y YH HN IN_C]YGNEY
CIGFEFTY]CYFKE IN_C]YGNEY
Yhnn Cigf Yh Cigfe e Inpc Inpcrt rtgn gnet et fs rn rnsp spke kesf sfm` m`nn lk lkrr Jnen Jnenrc rc`` Cigf Cigfef efst strc rctf tfke ke cei cei pnrskeen` gcttnrs. NEJFENN]FEJ IN_C]YGNEY
Yhn Nejfennrfej Inpcrtgnet fs fe dhcrjn kl prkandts, Nejfennrfej Tnrvfdns cei Kpnrctfkes cei Dkgguefdctfke. LFECEDN IN_C]YGNEY
Yhnn Lf Yh Lfec eced ednn Inpcr npcrtg tgne nett fs rnsp rnspke kesf sfm` m`nn lk lkrr lf lfec eced edfc fc`` gctt gcttnr nrss su sudh dh cs Cddk Cd dkue uetf tfej ej rn rndk dkri ris, s, dust dustki kifc fce e kl thn thn st stct ctfk fke e lu luei eiss cei cei gcec gcecjn jngn gnet et felkrgctfke systng.
4
GC]BNYFEJ IN_C]YGNEY
Yhn Inpcrtgnet fs rnspkesfm`n lkr thn icf`y Enws durrnet Cllcfrs cei spkrt nvnets. _]KJ]CGGNT IN_C]YGNEY
Yhn _rkjrcggns Inpcrtgnet fs rnspkesfm`n lkr eke-enws eke-enws prkjrcggns sudh cs Netnrtcfegnet cei Ne`fjhtnegnet. CDHFN\NGNEY
•
Tuddns Tuddnsslu slu`` dkvnrc dkvnrcjn jn kl LDY LDY Crnc Crnc Dkued Dkuedf` f` N`nd N`ndtfk tfke e =?3?. =?3?.
• Tudd Tuddns nssl slu` u` cei cei dkkr dkkrif ifec ectf tfke ke kl Fe Fetn tnre rect ctfk fkec ec`, `, Ectf Ectfke kec` c` cei cei @kdc @kdc`` nxdursfke vfsfts. • _fkennr _fkennr fe thn thn skdfc` skdfc` rnspkes rnspkesfmf fmf`fty `fty cei cei hugceftc hugceftcrfce rfce cdtfv cdtfvfty fty rnpkrtf rnpkrtfej. ej. • Yfgn`fen Yfgn`fenss kl rnpkrtfe rnpkrtfej j sndurft sndurfty y gcttnrs gcttnrs cei cei felkrgc felkrgctfke tfke dked dkednref nrefej ej thn sclnty kl `fln cei prkpnrtfns kl thn LDY dftfznes ntd. CZC]IT.
C. Gnrft Gnrft cwcri cwcri lkr ifstfej ifstfejufsh ufshni ni prklnssf prklnssfkec` kec`fsg fsg cei sn`l`nss sn`l`nss snrvfdns snrvfdns tk thn jrkw rkwth kl `fln cei cei prkgk rkgkttfke kl _hcr _hcrg gcdy prk rkln lnss ssffke my phcrgcdnutfdc` phcrgcd nutfdc` skdfnty skdfnty kl Efjnrfc Efjnrfc =??9. =??9. M. Gnrft cwcri cwcri cs c Yn`nvfsfke Yn`nvfsfke stctfke stctfke kl thn thn yncr my Dnetrn Dnetrn lkr prnvnetfke prnvnetfke kl HF\/CFI cei Dkgguefty Hnc`th =??9. D. Cwcri Cwcri kl Nxdn`` Nxdn``ned nedn1 n1 Fe rndkj rndkjeft eftfk fke e kl suddns suddnsslu slu`` dkvnr dkvnrcj cjnn kl LDY cd cdtf tfvf vftf tfns ns my ]cif ]cifk, k, Yn`n Yn`nvf vfsf sfke ke,, Yhnc Yhnctr trnn cei cei Crts Crts wkrb wkrbnr nrss ^efk ^efke e (]CYYCZ^) LDY Dkuedf`. I. Cwcri lkr c mrf``fcet mrf``fcet dkvnrcjn dkvnrcjn kl Mcbcr Mcbcr Buecgc nxnrdfsn nxnrdfsn (lfn`i trcfefej nxnrdfsn) 38thAuen, =??8 ct Bnllf Ecscrcwc Ttctn my Efjnrfce Crgy. N. Gnrft cwcri cwcri fe rndkjeftfke rndkjeftfke kl kl kur ueinrstceifej ueinrstceifej snrvfdn snrvfdn tk hugcefty hugcefty my ]ktcry D`um kl Cpk LDY. L. Gnrft Gnrft Cwcri fe rndkjeftf rndkjeftfke ke kl kur suppkrt tk skrkptfgf skrkptfgfst st Fetnrectfk Fetnrectfkec` ec` D`um Cmuac.
9
J. Y\ TYCY TYCYFK FKE E KL YHN YHN VNC] VNC] my dcpf dcpftc tc`` Ynrr Ynrrft ftkr kry y Civc Civced edng ngne nett Cwcri (DYCC) mkth fe =?3= cei =?34 Yhnn Krjce Yh Krjcefzc fzctfk tfke e hcs hcs wfin wfin vcrfn vcrfntfn tfnss kl wkrbn wkrbnrs rs rcejf rcejfej ej lrkg lrkg jrciu jrciuctn ctns, s, ueinrjrciuctns, jrciuctns, gcstnr injrnn hk`inrs cs wn`` cs ifp`kgc hk`inrs.
>
ZK]BFEJ DKEIFYFKET
Ekrgc` wkrbfej hkurs lkr nejfennrfej nejfennrfej inpcrtgnet fs =9 (Ywnety Lkur) hkurs icf`y, Gkeicys tk Tueicys. Nxdnpt FY stcll, 6.??cg tk 9.??pg Gkeicys tk Lrficy. F wcs c`sk rnqufrni tk spnei nxtrc hkurs cs ct whne rnqufrni my thn krjcefzctfke.
K]JCEKJ]CG KL EYC DHCEEN@ > CM^AC
:
DHC_YN] YZK =.3 I^Y I^YFNT FNT CEI ]N ]NT_K T_KETF ETFMF@ MF@FYF FYFNT NT
Yhn Nejfennrfej Inpcrtgnet kl thn Efjnrfc Yn`nvfsfke Yn`nvfsfke Cuthkrfty Dhceen` > fs thn rnju`ctkry inpcrtgnet thct dcrry kut gcfetnecedn cei rnpcfrs kl c`` thn nqufpgnet fe c`` kthnr inpcrtgnets cei nehcedns thn lu``y luedtfkec`fty kl c`` th thnn invf invfdn dns. s. Iurf Iurfej ej gy Fe Feiu iust strf rfc` c` Yrcf Yrcfef efej ej (F (FY) Y) pr prkj kjrc rcg, g, F `ncg `ncgtt th thct ct Nejfennrfej Inpcrtgnet dketrk`s thn2 c. ZK]BTHK_ (whnrn c`` lcu`ty nqufpgnet crn rnpcfrni). m. TY^IFK (Z (Zhn hnrn rn thn thn Enws Enws cei cei `f `fvn vn pr prkj kjrc rcgs gs cr crnn rn rndk dkri rini ni lk lkr r trcesgfssfke). d. GFEF DKEY]K@ ]KKG (Zhnrn thn cuifk cei vfink sfjec`s kl c`` `fvn enws cei rndkrini prkjrcggn crn dk``ndtni). i. GCTYN] DKEY]K@ ]KKG (c`sk dc``ni GD]1 whnrn gcakr gfxfej kl cuif cuifk k cei cei vfin vfink k sfje sfjec` c`ss lkr lkr pr prkj kjrc rcg gs crn crn iken iken cei cei snei snei tk Yrcesgfttnr). Gy trcfefej sdhniu`n fed`uins1 ▯ Tntt Tnttfe fej j up cei cei kpnr kpnrct ctfe fej j nquf nqufpg pgne nett cei cei tr trce cesg sgfs fssf sfke ke `f `feb ebss iurf iurfej ej mrkcidcst.. mrkcidcst ▯ Crrce Crrcejn jngne gnett kl Tdrk`` Tdrk`` gnss gnsscjn cjnss lkr Enws Enws,, ▯ Yrkum`ns Yrkum`nshkk hkktfej tfej cei cei `cyfej `cyfej kl dcm`ns dcm`ns cei dkeendtk dkeendtkrr f.n. thn lfmrn kptfd kptfd dcm`ns, Med dcm`ns cei dkcxfc` dcm`ns. ▯ Jnen Jnenrc` rc` entwkrb entwkrbfe fej j kl dkgput dkgputnr nr systng systng usfej usfej twfstn twfstni i pcfr pcfr dcm`n dcm`n cei ]A9> dkeendtkr. ▯ Dket Dketrk` rk` Cuif Cuifk k cei cei \fink \fink Dkesk Dkesk`ns `ns,, ▯ Gfefgfz Gfefgfzfej fej `kss kl snrvfdn snrvfdn wh whne ne nqufpgne nqufpgnett lcf`s qufdb`y qufdb`y my finetfl finetflyfej yfej cei fgp`ngnetfej c`tnrectfvn gnthki kl snrvfdn prkvfsfke. ▯ Kpnrctf Kpnrctfke ke cei Gcfetne Gcfetnecedn cedn kl Jnenrctk Jnenrctkrs, rs, ▯ Dhcejfe Dhcejfej j kvnr lrkg CNID (Cmuac (Cmuac N`ndtrfdf N`ndtrfdfty ty Ifstrfmut Ifstrfmutfke fke Dkgpcey Dkgpcey)) tk jnenrctkr iurfej pkwnr lcf`urn kr `fvn prkjrcggn. ▯ ]ndk ]ndkri rife fej j kl kl Enw Enws. s. ▯ Cec`ysfs cei rnpcfrfej rnpcfrfej tndhefdc` tndhefdc` lcu`ts ke nqufpgnet nqufpgnet cei systngs systngs
8
▯ Tnrvfdfe Tnrvfdfej j kl CD CD (Cfr Dkeiftf Dkeiftfke ke s) cei cei prfetn prfetnrs. rs.
Fe thn dkursn kl pnrlkrgfej thnsn cdtfvftfns, F cdqufrni vc`ucm`n sbf``s cei bekw`nijn endnsscry fe thn trcesgfssfke kl sfjec`s. Yhfs fs insdrfmni mn`kw1 Yhn lfrst twk wnnbs F wcs gcin tk bekw thn skurdns kl _kwnr Jnenrctfke cei N`ndt N`n dtrfd rfdfty fty Ifstr Ifstrfmu fmutfk tfke, e, Mcsfs Mcsfs kl Dkee Dkeendt ndtfvf fvfty ty,, Entwk Entwkrbf rbfej ej cei cei Tfjec Tfjec`` Yrceslnr, Nqufpgnet usni cei thnfr Luedtfkes. =.=
TNYYFEJ ^_ KL TY^IFK
Tnttfej up kl stuifk fs iken kedn c icy. Yhn Efjnrfc Yn`nvfsfke Cuthkrfty Dhceen` > Enws tcbns p`cdn ct nxcdt`y 3.??pg cei ft fs thn iuty kl thn FY Ttcll fe Nejfennrfej Inpcrtgnet ueinr thn supnrvfsfke kl thn Iuty Nejfennr tk gcbn surn thct thn stcjn fs snt chnci kl 3.??pg enws. Zn ekrgc``y snt up thn st stui uifk fk ct cmku cmkutt 3=19 3=19>p >pg. g. Yhnr Yhnrnn cr crnn if ifll llnr nrne nett mcdb mcdbjr jrku kuei ei lk lkrr if ifll llnr nrne nett prkiudtfke, prkiudtf ke, fe skgn dcsns wn pu`` up thn dhrkgn mcdbjrkuei mcdbjrkuei fedcsn kl c ekrgc` rndkrifej thct fs aust jkfej tk mn gcin chnci kl c prkiudtfke. F put KE thn stuifk `fjhts cei thn dcgnrc gne ciaust thnfr vfsuc` tk cdqufrn d`ncr shkt, F snt up enwsdcstnr gfdrkphken cei gcin surn thct thnrn fs ek fetnrlnrnedn kl cey fedkgfej sfjec` lrkg cekthnr skurdn tk thn cgp`flfnr cei fl ft ikns, F wf`` thne jk tk thn cuifk gfxnr cei lcin kut c`` kthnr fedkgfej cuifk sfjec` cei s`fjht`y lcin fe ke`y thn enwsdcstnr‖s gfdrkphken. F c`sk dhndb lkr dkgguefdctfkes lrkg thn indb kl thn Yndhefdc` Ifrndtkrs tk c`` thn dcgnrc gne cei tk thn Iuty Nejfennr. Yhnsn fs rnpnctni icf`y mnlkrn enws. C]]CEJNGNEY KL TD]K^^ GNTTCJNT LK] ENZT
Yhfs fs thn prkjrcg rnspkesfm`n rnspkesfm`n lkr thn sdrk`` ifsp`cy enws thct nvnryken rncis ct thn tcsb mcr kl c tn`nvfsfke sdrnne. Yhn typn kl enws thct thn Enws Niftkr wcets us tk ifsp`cy fs lfrst kl c`` hcei wrfttne cei snei tk gn lrkg thn Enws Inpcrtgnet cei upke rndnfpt, F bny ft fe c`kej wfth thn `kjk usfej ‐Tdc`c Felk Dhceen` Insfjenr‗ cs thn skltwcrn thct c``kw sudh prkjrcg tk rue. Cs skke cs F lfefshni typfej ft, F wf`` c``kw ft tk
6
ru rue. e. Yhfs Yhfs prkj prkjrc rcg g wkrb wkrb c`ke c`kejs jsfi finn wfth wfth th thnn if ifsp sp`c `cy y tf tfgn gn kl th thnn sy syst stng ng thnrnlkrn thn systng tfgn cei ictn gust mn snt dkrrndt`y. Feinpneinet`y, thfs prkjrcg dceekt mn ifsp`cy ke fts kwe, c Iuty Nejfennr gust Yure Ke thn bny swftdh dketrk` lrkg Lcin Ke (Yk Yure ft Ke) cei Ke) cei Lcin Kll (Yk Yure ft Kll). Zhne thfs fs iken, thn felkrgctfke ifsp`cyni ke thn sdrnne kl thn Tdc`c Felk Dhceen` Insfjenr fs mnne trceslnr tk thn FS Gkiu`cr cei ft fs rndnfvni my thn trcesgfttnr cei ft fs snet my thn trcesgfttnr tk thn nvnry rndnfvnr ct hkgn, ft fs thne vfnwni cs sdrk`` enws. _KZN] JNEN]CYFKE
Yhn Efjnrfc Yn`nvfsfke Dhceen` > Cmuac hcs c =??B\C, fts usns ifnsn` cs skurdn kl pkwnr jnenrctfke. Ft fs cm`n tk supp`y pkwnr tk nvnry inpcrtgnets inpcrtgnets fe thn stctfke, fed`uifej c`` n`ndtrfd cpp`fcedns. F `ncgt thct mnlkrn F stcrt thn jnenrctkr, F dhndb lkr thn wctnr fe thn rcifctkr, cei whne thn jnenrctkr fs fe usn F jkns mcdb tk dhndb lkr thn tngpnrcturn cei fl thn tngpnrcturn fs cmkvn :>¿ Dn`sfus, F wf`` thne dkk` thn nevfrkegnet my dkeendtfej pfpn lrkg tcp wctnr cei purn ft ke thn l`kkr d`ksn tk thn jnenrctkr. F wf`` thne jk tk nvnry kllfdn cei put kll thnfr Cfr dkeiftfkenr. F wf`` c`sk jk tk thn rndkrifej stuifk tk ture kll thn stuifk `fjhts kll fl thnrn fs ek rndkrifej iken ct thct pcrtfdu`cr gkgnet. Ct thn nejfennrfej inpcrtgnet, F wrftn ikwe thn tfgn thct F put ke/kll thn jnenrctkr fe thn `kj mkkb kl thn krjcefzctfke. Yhfs fs iken ct nvnry hkur rnpnctni`y. =.4 =.4
DK DKG_ G_^Y ^YN] N]/F /FEY EYN] N]EN ENY Y EN ENYZ YZK] K]BF BFEJ EJ
ENYZK]BFEJ
C dkgputnr entwkrb fs c tn`ndkgguefdctfke tn`ndkgguefdctfke entwkrb whfdh c``kws dkgputnrs tk nxdhcejn ictc. Fe dkgputnrs, entwkrbni dkgputfej invfdns nxdhcejn ictc wfth ncdh kthnr usfej ictc `feb. Zhf`n wfrn`nss fs c`sk pkssfm`n, gkst dkgputnr entwkrbs tkicy stf`` utf`fzn
3
?
dcm`ns. Fe dkgputnr entwkrbfej, thn gnifc kvnr whfdh ictc kr gcsscjn crn trceslnrrni crn dc``ni entwkrb gnifc. gnifc. Yhn Yhn gnifug cllndts encr`y nvnry cspndt kl dkggu dkgguef efdct dctfk fke. e. Lkr festc festcedn edn,, ifllnr ifllnrnet net ty typns pns kl dcm`n dcm`nss hcvn hcvn if iflln llnrne rnett dcpcdfty lkr dcrryfej ictc cei c`sk trceslnr thn ictc lrkg ken pkfet tk cekthnr ct ifllnrnet spnni. Yhn pkwnr cei ictc dcm`ns crn fe vcrfkus lkrgs cei crn kltne stceicrifzni. Lkr festcedn, c ictc dcm`n dce mn rndkjefzn cs c prfetnr dcm`n cei cekthnr cs c gkeftkr dcm`n. C dcm`n dce ke`y mn dkeendtni tk c invfdn fl ft hcs c dkeendtkr. ENYZK]B DCM@NT CEI DKEENDYK]T
C sfgp`n entwkrb dkesfst kl dkgputnrs dkgguefdctfej kvnr c dcm`n. Yhnrn crn ifll ifllnr nrne nett ty typn pn kl dkee dkeend ndtk tkrs rs cr crnn rn rnqu qufr frni ni tk dkee dkeend ndtt th thnn dcm` dcm`ns ns tk th thnn dkgputnrs. ENYZK]B DCM@NT1
Yhn gcakr typns kl entwkrb dcm`ns fed`uin thn lk``kwfej1 f.
Ywfstni - pcfr dc dcm`n
ff.
Dkcxfc` dc dcm`n
fff.
Lfmrn - kptfd dcm`n
fv.
Yn`nphken dcm`n
3
3
F wf`` mn tc`bfej cmkut Ywfstni - pcfr dcm`n, mndcusn thct fs thn entwkrbfej dcm`n thct F wcs tcujht hkw tk usn iurfej entwkrbfej. YZFTYNI-_CF] DCM@NT
Yhnrn crn twk typns kl twfstni-pcfr dcm`ns. Yhny crn1 (f) (f)
^esh shfn fn``ini ini Ywfstn fstni i _cfr _cfr (^ (^Y Y_)
(ff (ff)
Thf Thfn`ini ini Yw Ywfst fstni _c _cfr (TY (TY_) _)
f
^ETHFN@INI YZFTYNI _CF] (^Y_)
^eshfn`ini twfstni pcfr fs thn gkst dkggke bfei kl dkkpnr tn`nphken wfrfej. Ywfs Yw fstn tni i pcfr pcfr fs thn thn krif krifec ecry ry dkpp dkppnr nr wfrn wfrn th thct ct dkee dkeend ndts ts hkgn hkgn cei cei gcey gcey musfenss dkgputnrs dkgputnrs tk thn tn`nphken dkgpcey. Ywk fesu`ctni fesu`ctni dkppnr wfrns crn twfstni crkuei ncdh kthnr, c eugmnr kl twfstni-pcfr wfrns crn kltne jrkupni tkjnthnr cei ned`ksni fe c prktndtfvn shncth tk lkrg c dcm`n. Ncdh twfstniwfrns dkesfst kl twk dkppnr wfrns thct crn snpcrctn`y fesu`ctni cei twfstni tkjnt tkj nthnr hnr.. Yhfs Yhfs fs tk necm` necm`nn thn thn dcm`n dcm`n rniud rniudnn drksst drksstc`b c`b kr n`ndtr n`ndtrkg kgcjg cjgctf ctfdd feiudtfke cei kutsfin n`ndtrfdc` fetnrlnrnedn mntwnne pcfrs kl wfrn. Vnt, thfs dcm`n dcm `n fs stf`` stf`` susdnp susdnptfm tfm`n `n tk ekfsn ekfsn cei drksst drksstc`b c`b.. Drksst Drksstc` c`b b fs inlfe inlfeni ni cs c sftuctfke -whnrn sfjec`s lrkg ken `fen crn gfxni wfth sfjec`s lrkg cekthnr `fen. Mn``kw fs thn fgcjn kl ^eshfn`ini Ywfstni - _cfr Dcm`n.
Dkppnr wfrn
(f) THFN@INI YZFTYNI _CF] DCM@N (TY_)
Yhfs fs sfgf`cr tk ^Y_, mut ft hcs c mrcfini gntc` shfn`ini cei c lkf` wrcp mntwnne cei crkuei thn twfstni pcfrs tk rniudn ekfsn cei drksstc`b. drksstc`b. Mn``kw fs thn fgcjn kl Thfn`ini Ywfstni - _cfr Dcm`n.
Yhn twk typns kl twfstni pcfr dcm`ns (^Y_ cei TY_) hcvn c gntc` dkeiudtfej dkrn (dkppnr)2 thnrnlkrn thny trcesgft ictc fe lkrg kl n`ndtrfdc` sfjec`s. DKEENDYK]T
Yhn dkeendtkr fs c`sk insdrfmni cs ce fetnrlcdn lkr `febfej invfdns my usfej dcm`ns. Yhn dkeendtkrs crn nfthnr gc`n (dketcfefej ken kr gkrn nxpksn pfes) kr lngc`n (dketcfe hk`ns fe whfdh thn gc`n dkeendtkr dce mn fesnrtni). Gkst dkeendtkrs jnenrc``y hcvn c gc`n nei wfth pfes prktruifej lrkg ft. Yhfs p`uj fs gncet tk mn fesnrtni fetk c lngc`n pcrt (c`sk dc``ni skdbnt), whfdh fed`uins hk`ns lkr cddkggkictfej thn pfes. Hkwnvnr, thnrn crn ‐hnrgcphrkiftfd‗ p`ujs whfdh dce cdt cs nfthnr gc`n kr lngc`n p`ujs, cei cei dce mn mn fesnrtni fetk nfthnr nfthnr ken. Yhn dkggke entwkrb dcm`n dkeendtkrs fed`uin thn lk``kwfej1 f. ff.
]a9> dkeendtkr ]a`` dkeendtkr
3
4
fff.
MED dkeendtkr
fv.
Lfmrn kp kptfd dk dkeendtkr
F wf`` mn tc`bfej cmkut ]a9> cei ]a`` dkeendtkrs, dkeendtkrs, mndcusn thny crn thn dkeendtkrs dkeendtkrs F wcs tcujht cmkut. ]A-9> DKEENDYK]
Thkrt stcei lkr ]njfstnrni Acdb - 9>, ce nfjht - wfrn dkeendtkr usni dkggke`y tk dkeendt dkgputnrs ketk c @kdc` - Crnc Entwkrb (@CE), nspndfc``y Nthnrent. ]a9> dkeendtkrs lncturn nfjht pfes tk whfdh dcm`ns fetnrlcdn n`ndtrfdc``y. Yhn dkggke typn kl dcm`n usni fs thn twfstni - pcfr dcm`n. ]a9> dkeendtkr `kkb sfgf`cr tk thn umfquftkus ]a 33 dkeendtkrs usni lkr dkeendtfej tn`nphken nqufpgnet, mut thny crn skgnwhct wfin.
Lfj1 ]A9> dkeendtkr.
]A-33 DKEENDYK]
Thkrt lkr ]njfstnrni Acdb - 33, c lkur kr sfx - wfrn dkeendtkr usni prfgcrf`y tk dkeendt tn`nphken nqufpgnet usfej thn tn`nphken dcm`n.
3
9
Lfj1 ]A33 dkeendtkr. DKELFJ^]CYFKE KL YZFTYNI - _CF] DK@K] DKIN
Yhnrn crn twk typns kl Dkelfjurctfke sudh cs1 f.
Dr Drks ksss - Kvn Kvnrr Dk`k Dk`krr Dki Dkinn Dkel Dkelfj fjur urct ctfk fke e
ff. ff.
Ttrc Ttrcfj fjht ht Dk`k Dk`krr Dkin Dkin Dkel Dkelfj fjur urct ctfk fke e
Mn`` Mn ``kw kw fs th thnn dk`k dk`krr dkin dkin dkel dkelfj fjur urct ctfk fke e kl mkth mkth Drks Drksss - Kvnr Kvnr Dk`k Dk`krr Dkin Dkin Dkelfjurctfke cei Ttrcfjht Dk`kr Dkin Dkelfjurctfke. Ft shkws us hkw thn mkth nei kl c Ywfstni - _cfr dcm`n fs tk mn crrcejn mnlkrn dkeendtfej thn dkeendtkrs. Drkss - Kvnr Dk`kr Dkin
Ttrcfjht Dk`kr Dkin
Dkelfjurctfke
Dkelfjurctfke
Lfrst Nei
Tndkei Nei
Lfrst Nei
Tndkei Nei
Jrnne Zhftn
Krcejn Zhftn
Krcejn Zhftn
Krcejn Zhftn
Jrnne
Krcejn
Krcejn
Krcejn
Krcejn Zhftn
Jrnne Zhftn
Jrnne Zhftn
Jrnne Zhftn
M`un
M`un
M`un
M`un
M`un Zhftn
M`un Zhftn
M`un Zhftn
M`un Zhftn
Krcejn
Jrnne
Jrnne
Jrnne
Mrkwe Zhftn
Mrkwe Zhftn
Mrkwe Zhftn
Mrkwe Zhftn
Mrkwe
Mrkwe
Mrkwe
Mrkwe
5 Drkss - Kvnr Dk`kr Dk`kr Dkin Dkin Dkelfjurctf Dkelfjurctfke ke crn usn whne whne dkeendtfe dkeendtfej j `fbn tnrgs, sudh cs, Tystng tk Tystng, ]kutnr tk ]kutnr cei Twftdh tk Twftdh ntd. 5 Ttrcfjht Ttrcfjht Dk`kr Dk`kr Dkin Dkelfj Dkelfjurct urctfke fke crn usn whne whne dkeendtf dkeendtfej ej ue`fbn ue`fbn tnrgs tnrgs sudh cs, Tystng tk Twftdh, Twftdh tk ]kutnr cei Tystng tk ]kutnr ntd.
3
>
^TNT KL YZFTYNI _CF] DCM@N
^sni ^s ni lkr tn`nph tn`nphke kenn systn systngs gs cei cei entw entwkrb krb dcm`f dcm`fej ej nspn nspndfc dfc``y ``y @CEs @CEs sudh sudh cs Nthnrent cei stcr tkpk`kjy, cei c`sk lkr _cfr tk _cfr dkeendtfke mntwnne ken systng tk cekthnr systng. CI\CEYCJNT KL YZFTYNI - _CF] DCM@N
f.
Ft fs dhnc dhncp p cei cei rn rnci cif` f`y y cvc cvcf` f`cm cm`n `n..
ff ff..
Ft c``k c``kws ws strc strcfj fjht htlk lkrw rwcr cri i ciift ciiftfk fke e kl nxtrc nxtrc ekin ekinss (f.n. (f.n. dkgp dkgput utnr nrss kr kthnr kthnr invfdns `fbn prfetnr) tk c entwkrb, nspndfc``y fs stcr tkpk`kjy.
IFTCI\CEYCJNT KL YZFTYNI - _CF] DCM@N
f.
Ft fs susd susdnp nptf tfm` m`nn kr prke prkenn tk ekfsn ekfsn (n`n (n`ndt dtrf rfdc dc`` fe fetn tnrl rlnr nrne nedn dn lr lrkg kg nxtn nxtnre rec` c` skurdns)
ff. ff.
Ft fs fs c`sk c`sk prke prkenn tk drksst drksstc`b c`b (n`ndt (n`ndtrfd rfdc` c` fet fetnrl nrlnrn nrned ednn lrkg lrkg ciac ciacdne dnett dcm` dcm`ns) ns)
ff fff. f.
@kw @kw ictc ictc trces trcesgf gfss ssfk fke e f.n. f.n. ft dc dce e ke`y ke`y dcrry dcrry lnw ictc ictc sfje sfjec` c`ss dkgpc dkgpcrn rni i tk lfmnr kptfd dcm`n DHC_YN] YH]NN
4.3
IN\FDNT CEI N NS S^F_GNEYT
C tn`nvfsfke trcesgfssfke dkgprfsns kl Cuifk cei \fsuc` sfjec` wfth thn usn kl gu`tfp`n invfdns cei nqufpgnet. Tkgn kl thnsn invfdns fed`uin1 c. Ce CYNG YNG Twf Twftdh tdhnr m. Kpne Jncr Jncr d.
FS Gkiu`cr
i. Gfxfej Dk Dkesk`n n.
@kjk Fe Fesnrtnr
l.
Yrcesgfttnr
4.3.3
CYNG
Ce CYNG fs c invfdn thct swftdhns mntwnne TIF (Tnrfc` Ifjftc` Fetnrlcdn), HI
3
<
(Hfjh Inlfeftfke) kr ^`trc HI vfink stceicris sk thct ken dce lkrg nxdftfej `fvn prkiudtfke prkiudtfk e wfth c wfin rcejn kl vfink skurdns sudh cs dcgnrcs, ifsb rndkrinrs cei s`fin shkws kr cefgctfke lrkg dkgputnrs. Lfj1 CYNG =G/N Mrkcidcstfej M rkcidcstfej Mkcri
_kwnrlu` lncturns sudh cs dhrkgc bny, drnctfvn trcesftfkes, cuifk gfxnr, gu`tfvfnw cei gkrn, dce mn jkttne Yhn gkrn civcedni gkin`s fed`uin lncturns sudh cs up tk =? TIF feputs, TupnrTkurdn gu`tf-`cynr nejfen, lu``
3
:
gktfke I\N (Ifjftc` \fink Nllndt), `crjnr Nllndt), `crjnr gnifc pkk` wfth lu`` gktfke d`fps cei up tk ce fedrnifm`n < cuxf`fcry kutputs. K^Y_^Y
Yhn kutput kl CYNG prkjrcg fed`uin ikwe dkevnrtni prkjrcg kutputs p`us cuxf`fcry kutputs c``kwfej d`nce lnnis, pnrlndt lkr dkeendtfej tk jfcet kutikkr @NI sdrnnes, prkandtkrs, ntd. Yhn gu`tf vfnw kutputs crn fe HI sk yku dce usn cey Y\ kr gkeftkr.
3
8
+ _]N\FNZ
Dcg 3
I\3
_]KJ]CG
Dcg =
I\=
Dcg 4
Dcg 9
TYI C
ENYZK] B cstfej \fnw
CYNG 3G/N _rkiudtfke Ttuifk 9B
* 1 Muf`t fe pkwnr supp`y
1 ? bHz. Yhn vfink (\L) feput fs c dkgpksftn vfink sfjec` (f.n vfink felkrgctfke wfth syed) kl gcxf gc xfgu gug g 3 vk`t ke :> S fgpnicedn. Hkwnvnr, thn gkiu`ctkr fs lk``kwni my c spndfc` lf`tnr bekwe cs \nstfjc` sfinmcei (\TM) (\TM) lf`tnr. Yhfs lf`tnr fs usni tk supprnss c pkrtfke kl ken sfin mcei, thus mceiwfith mceiwfith fs rniudni. rniudni. Yhfs supprnssfke iknse iknse't 't dcusn c `kss fe felkrgctfke. C`thkujh thn supprnssfke dcusns phcsn in`cy prkm`ngs thn \TM stcjn c`sk fed`uins dkrrndtfke dfrdufts tk nquc`fzn thn phcsn. K^Y_^Y TYCJNT
Yhn gkiu` iu`ctni tni sfje sfjecc` fs cpp`f p`fni tk c gfx gfxnr (c (c`s `sk k bekwe cs lrnqunedy
=
<
dkevnrtnr dkevn rtnr). ). Cekthnr feput tk thn gfxnr whfdh fs usuc``y prkiudni fe c drystc`
kvne ksdf``ctkr fs bekwe cs sumdcrrfnr. Yhn twk kutputs kl thn gfxnr crn thn sug cei ifllnrnedn kl twk sfjec`s. ^ewcetni sfjec` (usuc``y thn sug) fs lf`tnrni kut cei thn rngcfefej sfjec` fs thn rcifk lrnqunedy (]L) sfjec`. Yhne thn sfjec` fs cpp`fni tk thn cgp`flfnr stcjns. Yhn eugmnr kl snrfns cgp`flfnrs inpneis ke thn rnqufrni kutput pkwnr. Yhn lfec` stcjn fs snet tk c rndnfvnr. ]NDNF\N]
C rndnfvnr (Y\ snt) rndnfvns thn trcesgfttni sfjec`s (Y\ prkjrcgs) cei tures rcifk wcvn wc vns, s, whfd whfdh h fed` fed`uin uin cuifk cuifk cei cei vfink vfink sfjec` sfjec`s, s, fe fetk tk usnlu usnlu`` sfjec sfjec`s `s thct thct dce mn prkdnssni fetk fetk ce fgcjn cei skuei. IFT_^CV IN\FDN
Yhfs fs nfthnr c Y\ snt kr gkeftkr. C ifsp`cy invfdn hcs thn tndhek`kjy tk ture thn n`ndtrfdc` sfjec`s rndnfvni fetk vfsfm`n `fjht. Ke c stceicri Y\ snt, thfs fed`uins thn D]Y (Dcthkin ]cy Yumn) tndhek`kjy lrkg ken kl thn kutput kl thn vfsuc` gfxnr YN@N\FTFKE FEYN]LN]NEDN
Yhfs c pcrtfdu`cr dcsn kl n`ndtrkgcjentfd fetnrlnrnedn whfdh cllndts tn`nvfsfke rndnptfke. Gcey ecturc` cei gce-gcin phnekgnec dce ifsrupt thn rndnptfke kl tn tn`nv `nvfsf fsfke ke sfjec sfjec`s `s.. Yhnsn Yhnsn fed`u fed`uin in ectu ecturc` rc``y `y kddur kddurrfe rfej j cei crtflf crtflfdfc dfc`` sp spcrb crb ifsdhcrjns, cei nllndts iun tk thn kpnrctfke kl rcifk trcesgfttnrs. Cec`kjun tn`nvfsfke mrkcidcst ifsp`cy ifllnrnet nllndts iun tk ifllnrnet bfeis kl fetnrlnrnedn. Ifjftc` tn`nvfsfke rndnptfke jnenrc``y jfvns c jkki quc`fty pfdturn uetf` thn fetnrlnrnedn fs sk `crjn thct ft dce ek `kejnr mn n`fgfectni my thn nrrkr dhndbfej systngs fe thn rndnfvnr, ct whfdh pkfet thn vfink ifsp`cy mndkgns pfxn`ctni, pfxn`ct ni, ifstkrts, ifstkrts, kr jkns m`ceb. DK-DHCEEN@ & G^@YF_CYH (JHKTY FGCJN)
Iurfej ueusuc` ctgksphnrfd dkeiftfke, c ifstcet stctfke ekrgc``y ueintndtcm`n ct c pcrtfdu`cr pcrtfdu` cr `kdctfke gcy prkvfin c gudh strkejnr sfjec` thct usuc`. Yhn cec`kj
=
:
tn`nvfsfke pfdturn gcy ifsp`cy thn sug kl thn twk sfjec`s, prkiudfej ce fgcjn lrkg thn strkej `kdc` sfjec` wfth trcdns kr ‐jhkst‗ lrkg thnn ifstcet, wncbnr sfjec`. Y\ mrkcidcst stctfkes crn `kdctni cei cssfjeni dhceen`s sk thct sudh nvnets crn rcrn. Yhnsn dce mn dkrrndtni my rnciaustfej kl thn rndnfvfej cetneec gcy c``kw gkrn kl thn ifstcet sfjec` tk mn rnandtni, fgprkvfej fgcjn quc`fty. C `kdc` sfjec` gcy trcvn` my gkrn thce ken pcth lrkg thn trcesgfttnr tk rndnfvfej cetneec ‐gu`tfpcth‗ rndnptfke fs vfsfm`n cs gu`tfp`n fgprnssfkes kl thn scgn fgcjn, s`fjht`y shfltni c`kej thn wfith kl thn sdrnne iun tk thn vcryfej trcesgfssfke tk rkci vnhfd`ns kr cfr drclt pcssfej. TYCYFD N@NDY]FDFYV CEI T_C]BT Yhnn sp Yh spcr crbs bs jn jnen enrc rctn tni i my stct stctfd fd n` n`nd ndtr trfd fdft fty y dce dce jn jnen enrc rctn tn fetn fetnrl rlnr nrne nedn dn11 gcey
systngs (gkst`y tn`nvfsfke) whnrn rcifk lrnqunedy fetnrlcdn fs dcusni my spcrb`fej dce mn gkin`ni cs thn lk``kwfej dfrduft. Yhn skurdn kl nenrjy dhcrjns D` vfc c rnsfstcedn, cei whne thn spcrb jcp mrncbs ikwe, thn n`ndtrfdfty pcssns thrkujh @ cei nxdftns thn rnskecedn @D dfrduft. Yhn nenrjy fe thn @D dfrduft fs thne rcifctni thrkujh thn cnrfc`.
] 7 rnsfstkr D 7 dcpcdftkr @ 7 feiudtkr Lfj1 c ifcjrcg kl stctfd n`ndtrfdfty GFXFEJ DKETK@N
Fe Yn`ndkgg Yn`ndkgguefd uefdctfk ctfke, e, c gfx gfxfej fej dke dkesk` sk`nn (c` (c`sk sk bekwe bekwe cs ce cuifk gfxnr, gfxfej insb kr skuei gfxnr) fs ce n`ndtrkefd invfdn lkr dkgmfefej (c`sk dc``ni "gfxfej"),
rkutfej, cei dhcejfej thn `nvn`, tfgmrn (tken dk`kr) kr iyecgfds kl gcey ifllnrnet
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8
cuif cu ifk k sfjec` sfjec`s, s, sudh sudh cs gfdrkp gfdrkphke hkens ns mnfej mnfej usni usni my enwsd enwsdcst cstnr, nr, gfds gfds pfdbfe pfdbfej j up cd cdku kustf stfdd festru festrugn gnet etss sudh sudh cs irugs irugs kr scxkp scxkphk hkens ens,, kr sfjec sfjec`s `s lrkg lrkg n`ndt n`ndtrfd rfd kr n`ndtrkefd festrugnets sudh cs thn n`ndtrfd mcss kr syethnsfznr. Fe thn EYC DH>, thn \fink cei Cuifk Gfxnr fs cm`n tk dketrk` cec`kj kr ifjftc` sfjec`s, inpneifej ke thn typn kl sfjec` fts rndnfvns. Yhn gkiflfni sfjec`s (vk`tcjns kr ifjftc` scgp`ns) crn suggni tk prkiudn thn dkgmfeni kutput sfjec`s, whfdh crn thne mrkcidcst cei cgp`flfni thrkujh c skuei rnfelkrdngnet systng. Gfxfej dkesk`ns crn usni fe gcey cpp`fdctfkes, cpp`fdctfkes, fe EYC DH> fed`uifej thn rndkrifej stuif stu ifks, ks, pum`f pum`fdd ciirns ciirnsss systng systngs, s, skuei skuei rnfelk rnfelkrdn rdngne gnett systn systngs, gs, mrkci mrkcidcs dcstf tfej, ej, tn tn`n `nvf vfsf sfke ke,, prnprn-pr prkj kjrc rcg g cei cei Enws Enws prki prkiud udtf tfke ke . C ty typf pfdc dc`, `, sf sfgp gp`n `n cpp` cpp`fd fdct ctfk fke e dkgmfenss sfjec`s lrkg twk gfdrkphkens (ncdh usni my enws dcstnr, cei junst iurfej dkgmfen `fvn prkjrcg,) fetk ce cgp`flfnr thct irfvns ken snt kl spncbnrs sfgu`tcenkus`y. sfgu`tcenkus`y. Fe `fvn pnrlkrgcedns, pnrlkrgcedn s, thn sfjec` lrkg thn gfxnr usuc``y jkns ifrndt`y tk ce cgp`flfnr mut EYC DH> gfxnr hcs c muf`t fe pkwnr cgp`flfnr cei ft fs dkeendtni dkeendtni tk pkwnrni spncbnrs. Yhn cuifk gfxnr ct thn Efjnrfc Yn`nvfsfke Cuthkrfty Dhceen` > hcvn 3< dhceen`s. C gfxfej dkesk`n fe c prklnssfkec` rndkrifej stuifk gcy hcvn cs gcey cs := dhceen`s. Ft ikns ikns prkvfi prkvfinn phcet phcetkg kg pkwnr pkwnr lkr dc dcpcd pcdftk ftkrr gfdrkp gfdrkphk hken ens2 s2 pce pce dketrk dketrk`` (whfdh (whfdh dhce dh cejn jnss c skue skuei' i'ss cppc cppcrn rnet et pksf pksftf tfke ke fe th thnn st stnr nrnk nk sk skue ueil ilfn fn`i `i)2 )2 lf lf`t `tnr nrfe fej j cei cei nquc`fzctfke2 rkutfej lcdf`ftfns2 cei gkeftkrfej lcdf`ftfns, whnrnmy ken kl c eugmnr kl skurdns dce mn rkutni tk `kuispncbnrs kr hnciphkens lkr `fstnefej, kltne wfthkut cllndtfej thn gfxnr's gcfe kutput. Ft hcs kemkcri n`ndtrkefd nllndts, sudh cs rnvnrm.
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6
DHC_YN] LK^]
9.3
DHC@@NEJNT L LC CDNI
Yhn prkjrcg wcs rnqufrfej gkrn thce usuc``y nxpndtni, nspndfc``y jrnct pctfnedn nllkrt cei sbf``. Cgkej kthnrs crn1 Yhn Efjnrfc Yn`nvfsfke Cuthkrfty Dhceen` > Cmuac fs c Efjnrfc Jkvnregnet kweni nstcm`fshgnet mut ft fs tkk ifllfdu`t lkr thn gcecjngnet tk dkgpnesctn FY stuinets wfth c stfpnei nspndfc``y thn Feiustrfc` Ttuinets fe thn Nejfennrfej Inpcrtgnet thct crn rnqufrni tk dcrry kut c `kt kl tcsb. C`sk, ct skgn pcrtfdu`cr pnrfki, F wcs thn ke`y FY stuinet fe thn Nejfennrfej Inpcrtgnet cei thn wkrb wcs tkk dugmnrskgn ke gn thct F mnjce tk d`ksn `ctn ct tfgns nvne wfthkut pcy. Gkst kl thn Iuty Nejfennr dceekt rnc``y nxp`cfe thn mcsfs mnhfei thnfr akm, thny wnrn ke`y thkujht ke hkw tk kpnrctn thn nqufpgnet cei thny ik ekt rnqufrn FY Ttuinets tk jk fetk thn GD] whne ekt rnqufrni ue`nss thny crn lu``y cwcrn thct ce feifvfiuc` fs jfvne c tcsb tk ueinrjk. Lkr thfs rncske, F dku`i ekt dkgprnhnesfvn`y jrcsp thn usn kl swfej cpp`fdctfkes fe Cvfi @fqufi cei Felk Dhceen` skltwcrn. Yhn kthnr dhc``nejn wcs lfecedn2 Kwfej tk thn lcdt thct thn krjcefzctfke ikns ekt jfvn gn cey cey jrce jrcett kr lfec lfeced edfc fc`` supp suppkr krt, t, trce trcesp spkr krtc tctf tfke ke mndc mndcgn gn c gc gcak akrr sk skur urdn dn kl nxpneifturn. Ft wcs ekt ce ncsy tcsb tk ueinrjk, ke`y Jki fe Hncvne scw gn thrkujh.
4
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9.= 9.=
_] _]KM KM@N @NGT GT NE NEDK DK^E ^EYN YN]N ]NI I CE CEI IY YHN HN DK DK^] ^]TN TNT TK KL L
CDYFKE _rkm`ngs Nedkuetnrni
Yhn gcakr stctn kl ifllfdu`tfns nedkuetnrni wcs1 Yhnrn crn gcakr`y thrnn Iuty Nejfennr thct rnc``y bekws thn invfdns cei thn lrnn usn kl c`` thn nqufpgnet cei thny crn vnry lrfnei`y fe nxp`cfefej thng whne thny crn `nss musy, mut ncdh kl thnsn Iuty Nejfennr crn ke iuty shflt kl lfvn (>) wkrbfej icys cpcrt, fts tcbn gn twk tk thrnn wnnbs tk gnnt wfth sudh Iuty Nejfennr. Hkw Ft Zcs Tk`vni
Yhn dkursn kl cdtfke wcs1 _rcdtfdn lrkg prnvfkus finc cei bekw`nijn mcsn ke whct wcs thkujht tk gn my sudh Nejfennr. DKG_CEV‖T @FGFYCYFKET CEI _KYNEYFC@T @fgftctfkes
Yhn gcakr `fgftctfke fs `cdb kl lcdf`ftfns `fbn dkgputnrs lkr stuinets ke FY trcfefej. _ktnetfc`s
Yhn pktnetfc`s cei strnejths cs my thn dkgpcey‖s rnju`ctfke fed`uin1 Yhn krjcefz krjcefzctf ctfke ke hcs nxtnesfv nxtnesfvnn nxpnrfn nxpnrfnedn edn fe Gcecjng Gcecjngnet net,, Netnrtcf Netnrtcfegne egnet, t, Niudctfke cei Mrkcidcstfej ke rndnet nvnets fe thn Dkuetry cei mnykei. Yhn krjcefzctfke hcs thn du`turn kl tncg wkrb, thnrn crn c`wcys twk Iuty Nejfennrs wkrb wk rbfe fej j sf sfin in-m -myy-sf sfin in cei cei thny thny cr crnn hcri hcri wkrb wkrbfe fej, j, th thny ny hcvn hcvn rnsp rnspnd ndtt lk lkr r dk``ncjuns. 9.4
DKELF]GCYK]V
Yhn Krjcefzctfke‖s lu`` dketcdt fs cs mn`kw1 Ciirnss1 T`kjce1
Mnhfei K`i _crcin Jrkuei, Kppksftn ]cifk hkusn, Crnc 3? Jcrbf
^efty Ttctfke
4
3
Tupnrvfskry Kllfdnr1
Nejr. Tcef Cic Gkhcggni
Jnenrc` Gcecjnr1
Kjceyc @. Tfgke (Grs) DHC_YN] LF\N
>.3 >.3
DK DKED ED@^ @^TF TFKE KET T CE CEI IT T^G ^GGC GC]V ]V KL NX NX_N _N]F ]FNE NEDN DNT T
KMYCFENI
Fe suggcry, thn Ttuinets Feiustrfc` Zkrb Nxpnrfnedn Tdhngn (TFZNT) fs c Tbf`` Yrcfefej _rkjrcg insfjeni tk prnpcrn cei nxpksn stuinets kl thn ^efvnrsfty tk thn feiustrfc` wkrb sftuctfke thny crn `fbn`y tk gnnt cltnr jrciuctfke. Fe thn dkursn dkursn kl gy nejcj nejcjngn ngnet et iurfe iurfej j thn FY prkjrc prkjrcg g ct Efjn Efjnrfc rfc Yn`nvf Yn`nvfsfk sfke e Cuthkrfty, Dhceen` > Cmuac, F wcs fetrkiudni tk Felk Dhceen` skltwcrn, c gcakr tndhek`kjy dkgprfsfej kl Yn`nvfsfke @kjk Fesnrtfke cefgctni mcdbjrkuei cei sdrk`` enws. F wcs c`sk fetrkiudn tk ‐Cvfi @fqufi‗ c skltwcrn thct necm`n cei nejfennr tk p`cy prkjrcgs sudh cs enws, afej`ns, civnrtfsngnet civnrtfsngnet lkr enws prkiudtfke. prkiudtfke. F c`sk `ncret hkw tk entwkrb dkgputnrs, hkw tk gcbn twk kr gkrn dkgputnr mn`kej tk c gngmnr kl c ikgcfe usfej Nthnrent dcm`n. F c`sk `ncret hkw tk rnpcfr skgn n`ndtrfdc` cpp`fcedns. >.= >.= ]N ]NDK DKGG GGNE NEIC ICYF YFKE KET T
Iun tk thn jcfes cei lcvkurcm`n rndnptfke, ft fs civfscm`n cs c dkursn kl cdtfke, thct st stui uine nets ts kl thn thn uefv uefvnr nrsf sfty ty whk whk ik ekt ekt nejc nejcjn jn fe th thnn Ttui Ttuine nett Fe Feiu iust strf rfc` c` Zkrb Zkrb Nxpn Nx pnrfn rfnedn edn Tdhngn Tdhngn (T.F.Z (T.F.Z.N. .N.T) T),, shku`i shku`i mn c``kw c``kwni ni tk pcrtf pcrtfdfp dfpctn ctn cei cei fe fevk` vk`vn vn thngsn`vns cs thfs wf`` jk c `kej wcy nehcedfej cei prkgktfej thnfr wn`lcrn jfvfej thng jrnct kppkrtueftfns fe cdqufrfej sbf``s lkr thn luturn. C`sk, lfecedfc` suppkrt shku`i mn gcin cvcf`cm`n mnlkrn thn dkggnedngnet kl thn trcfefej sk cs tk cfi stuinets fe thnfr gkmf`fty. ]NLN]NEDNT
Ttuinet Feiustrfc` Zkrb Nxpnrfnedn Tdhngn (TFZNT) Yrcfefej @kj Mkkb My Faf Akhe N`uwc
4 =
ZN@DKGN YK DKG_^YN] TY^IFNT
- Lkr Tnefkr Tnefkr Tndkei Tndkeicry cry Tdhkk` Tdhkk` 4 (3st (3st Niftfk Niftfke), e), In`n In`n Bn`ce Bn`cef, f, Mkyn Mkyn Akbktky Akbktkynn YN@N\FTFKE Y]CETGFTTFKE
-
Yn`nvfsf Yn`nvfsfke ke Yrcesgft Yrcesgfttnr tnr -Zfbfpni -Zfbfpnifc, fc, thn Lrnn Nedyd`kp Nedyd`kpnifc nifc
CID (CEC@KJ-YK-IFJFYC (CEC@KJ-YK-IFJFYC@ @ DKE\N]YN])
https1//ne.g.. wfbfpnifc.krj/wfbf/Cec`kj-tk-ifjftc`[dkevnrtnr sfjec`s! https1//ne.g
FEYN]ECYFKEC@ TY^INEYT ]NTNC]DH TY^IFNT FE _HVTFDT
www.fetngctfkec`stuinet.dkg/stuiy-mrkcidcstfej/stuiy-tn`nvfsfke- mrkcidcstfej/
S^CEYFQCYFKE YNDHEFS^NT FE C^IFK L]NS^NEDV
https 1//ne. g. wfbfpnifc. krj/wfbf/Sucetfzctfke[(sfjec`[prkdnssfej)
GKI^@CYFKE
https1 //ne. g. wfbfpnifc. krj/wfbf/Gkiu`ctfke
