A Project on the Supply Chain Management of Newspaper and Magazine
Short Description
project of summer training...
Description
A PROJECT ON THE SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT OF NEWSPAPER AND MAGAZINE AND ANALYSING NEWSPAPER READING HABITS OF PEOPLE OF MOHALI REGION.
TO BE SUBMITTED TO THE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF BUSINESS
SUBMITTED BY:- MANDEEP KOUR MBA (marketing)
UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF BUSINESS GHARUAN, MOHALI CHANDIGARH
AKNOWLEDGEMENT
"Knowledge is a progressive discovery of one’s own ignorance" Knowledge cannot be gained solely on the basis of theoretical understanding from books. Practical implementation of it is very essential. During my project work i have tried to a bridge the gap between practical and theoretical work because management needs practical approach to tackle the things in right direction and confidently. First of all I would like to express my profound gratitude and sincere acknowledgement to Mr. KPS GREWAL my project guide, who has been a source of perpetual inspiration to me, gently guiding and paving my way towards a bright carrier, throughout my project work. He has ever willing to give all kind of support and encouragement to me. I express my sentiments of gratitude and thanks to Mr. VISHAL SHARMA (Sen. Manager, Bennett, Coleman & Co. Ltd.) who gave me an opportunity for summer training in the organisation for numerous discussions and valuable suggestions, guided me throughout the course & for their excellence guidance at various phases of this whole project, despite of their busy schedule.
DECLARATION
Here I do declare that the data and information is true and best of my knowledge. Most of information is collected by the primary sources.
MANDEEP KOUR MBA (marketing) 10377
CONTENT 1
INDIAN NEWSPAPER INDUSTRY a) History b) Profile c) Size d) contribution to the economy
2
THE INDIAN NEWSPAPER SOCIETY (INS)
3
COMPANY HISTORY
4
COMPANY PROFILE 1)Vision and mission statement of times of India
5
2)Types of newspaper by ”Times of India” 1. INTRODUCTION TO PROJECT 1)Process carried out daily in the training 2) Schemes of the times of India a) Annual b) Six months scheme
6
OBJECTIVES & NEED
7
RESEARCH METHDOLOGY
8
ANALYSING INTERPERTATIONS
9
FINDINGS OF THE SURVEY
10
BASIC CONCEPTS OF SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT
11
DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL
12
THE NEWSPAPER SUPPLY CHAIN
13
CONCLUSION
14
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Indian newspaper industry Indian Paper Industry accounts for about 1.6% of the world's production of paper and paperboard. The estimated turnover of the Size f the Industry industry is Rs 25,000 crore (USD 5.95 billion) and its contribution to the exchequer is around Rs. 2918 crore. Output per annum
Demand of paper has been around 8% and during the years 2002-07 newsprint registered a growth of 13%
Percentage in world market
Newsprint and publication paper consumption account for 2 million tonnes, of which 1.2 million tonnes of newsprint paper is manufactured in India and the remaining 0.8 million tonnes is imported
History India first Machine-made paper was manufactured in 1812. During this time there were 15 mills with a total production of lakh tones. In India the Soft wood is the principal raw material used for making paper especially newsprint and high class printing papers. With rise in population and broadening of education the demand for paper has been constantly escalated. Owing to very narrow forest resources wood pulp is in a shortage. As soft woods grow in temperate climate India is in short supply of such woods. Thus, in such circumstances the Bamboo became the major raw materials for the manufacture of paper in the country as it grows very quickly even after cutting.
Paper industry in India is mainly plantation based and is essential that more land must be brought under plantations of eucalyptus and other trees apposite for the making of papers. The paper industry also requires huge amount of soft water and paper utilized for newspapers is called newsprint. Its requirement is bound to grow noticeably. The Nepanagar Newsprint plant in Madtiya was set up to meet these aforementioned demands. The capacity of Indian Paper Industry has been raised to 75,000 tonnes a year. West Bengal and Maharashtra are the leading states for the industry. The total newsprint production has now reached well over 400,000 tonnes. A large number of expansion programmes & expansion of capacities with an outlay of Rs. 10,000 crores have been announced covering the various sectors like paper, paperboard, newsprint, etc. Indian paper industry is a vast industry comprising more than 157 paper-producing divisions all over India. These 157 functional units manufacture handmade paper worth around Rs.21 cores and provide employment to approximately 10,000 people. Sanganer village is the biggest centre in western India humming on the rhythm of the sound of paper making activities.
Brief Introduction Indian Paper industry has created sustainable livelihood in rural areas and has helped generating employment for the local population especially for women to earn their livelihood. The Indian Paper Industry has emerged as a diversified and specialized industry that produces numerous types of papers that comes in various use such as watermark, filter paper, drawing sheets, etc. Other products including Paper Bags, paper diaries, paper photo Frames, Greeting Cards, Handmade paper Boxes, paper Albums, etc, are manufactured and exported across the world. Today, the Indian exporters export nearly Rs.400 crores worth of paper products per annum to the developed nations.
Market capitalization The Indian Paper Industry has the top 15 global players with an output of more than 6 million tonnes annually with an estimated turnover of Rs. 150,000 millions. Indian Paper Industry is riding on a strong demand and on an expanding mood to meet the projected demand of 8 million tonnes by 2010 & 13 million tonnes by 2020.
Size of the industry Indian Paper Industry accounts for about 1.6% of the world's production of paper and paperboard. The estimated turnover of the industry is Rs 25,000 crore (USD 5.95 billion) and its contribution to the exchequer is around Rs. 2918 crore. The industry was delicensed effective from July 1997 by the Government of India & foreign participation is permissible. Most of the paper mills are in existence for a long time and hence present technologies fall in a wide spectrum ranging from oldest to the most modern. Paper in India is made from 40% of hardwood and bamboo fibre, 30 % from agro waste and 30 % from recycled fibre. Newsprint and publication paper consumption account for 2 million tonnes, of which 1.2 million tonnes of newsprint paper is manufactured in India and the remaining 0.8 million tonnes is imported.
Total contribution to the economy/ sales Demand of Paper has been around 8% and during the years 2002-07 while newsprint registered a growth of 13% and Writing & Printing, Containerboard, Carton board and others registered growth of 5%, 11%, 9% and 1% respectively. So far, the growth in paper industry has mirrored the growth in GDP and has grown on an average 6-7 % over the last few years. India is the fastest growing market for paper globally and it presents an exciting scenario and paper consumption is poised for a big leap forward in sync with the economic growth and is estimated to touch 13.95 million tons by 2015-16. The futuristic view is that growth in paper consumption would be in multiples of GDP and hence an increase in consumption by one kg per capita would lead to an increase in demand of 1 million tons.
The Indian Newspaper Society (INS) (Formerly Indian and Eastern Newspaper Society) acts as the central organization of the Press of India, an independent body authenticating circulation figures of newspapers and periodicals in India. It is an organization which plays a major role in protecting and promoting the freedom of press in India. The society was founded in 1939. Its headquarters are at Rafi Marg, New Delhi. INS membership comprises the owners, proprietors and publishers of print media who discusses and suggest various measures to the government regarding the problems related to the newspaper industry. It is a kind of pressure group which works to protect the interest of newspaper industry in particular and print media in general. Indian newspaper industry today faces problems ranging from rising cost and paucity of newsprint to shrinking revenue from advertisement due to boom in electronic media. The executive committee of INS represents the current 990 members from newspapers, journals, periodicals and magazines. At present Mr. K.N. Tilak Kumar is the president of INS [2012-13], elected on 13th September 2012 during the 73rd annual meet of the Newspaper Society. He is a successor of Ashish Bagga from India Today.
HISTORY OF COMPANY:-The Times of India was founded on 3 November 1838 as The Bombay Times and Journal of Commerce in Bombay, during an intermediate period between the Mughal and British Raj. Published every Saturday and Wednesday, The Bombay Times and Journal of Commerce was launched as a semi-weekly edition by Raobahadur Narayan Dinanath Velkar, a Maharashtrian Reformist. It contained news from Britain and the world, as well as the Indian Subcontinent. The daily editions of the paper were started from 1850 and in 1861, the Bombay Times was renamed as The Times of India after amalgamation of three more newspapers. In the 19th century, this newspaper company employed more than 800 people and had a sizeable circulation in India and Europe. After India's independence the ownership of the paper passed on to the then famous industrial family of Dalmiyas and later it was taken over by Sahu Shanti Prasad Jain of the Kunal Jain group from Bijnore, UP. India's press in the 1840s was a motley collection of small-circulation daily or weekly sheets printed on rickety presses. Few extended beyond their small communities and seldom tried to unite the many castes, tribes, and regional subcultures of India. The Anglo-Indian papers promoted purely British interests. Robert Knight (1825–1892) was the principal founder and the first editor of the Times. The son of a London bank clerk from the lower-middle-class, Knight proved a skilled writer and passionate reformer. Knight helped create a vibrant national newspaper industry in British India. When the Sepoy Mutiny erupted, Knight was acting editor of the Bombay Times and Standard. He broke with the rest of the English language press (which focused on Indian savagery and treachery) and instead blamed the violence on the lack of discipline and poor leadership in the army. That angered the Anglo-Indian community but attracted the Times's Indian shareholders, who made him the permanent editor. Knight blasted the mismanagement and greed of the Raj, attacking annexation policies that appropriated native lands and arbitrarily imposed taxes on previously exempt land titles, ridiculing income taxes, and exposing school systems that disregarded Indian customs and needs. Knight led the paper to national prominence. In 1860, he bought out the Indian shareholders and merged with the rival Bombay Standard, and started India's first news agency. It wired Times dispatches to papers across the country and became the Indian agent for Reuter’s news service. In 1861, he changed the name from the Bombay Times and Standard to The Times of India. Knight fought for a press free of prior restraint or intimidation, frequently resisting the attempts by governments, business interests, and cultural spokesmen.
TIMES OF INDIA Bennett, Coleman and Co. Ltd. Type
Daily newspaper
Format
Broadsheet
Owner
The Times Group
Publisher
The Times Group
Editor-in-chief
Jaideep Bose
Associate editor
Jug Suraiya
Founded
3 November 1838
Political alignment
Conservative
Language
English
The Times of India Headquarters Building, Dr.D.N.Road, Mumbai-400001, India Circulation
3,140,000 daily
Sister newspapers
The Economic Times Navbharat Times Maharashtra Times
COMPANY PROFILE The Times of India (TOI) is an Indian English-language daily newspaper. According to Audit Bureau of Circulations, it has the largest circulation among all English-language newspapers in the world, across all formats (broadsheet, tabloid, compact, Berliner and online).In 2008, the newspaper reported that (with a circulation of over 3.14 million) it was certified by the Audit Bureau of Circulations (India) as the world's largest selling English-language daily, ranking it as the 3rd largest selling newspaper in any language in the world. and World Association of Newspapers and News Publishers. According to the Indian Readership Survey (IRS) 2012, the Times of India is the most widely read English newspaper in India with a readership of 76.43 lakhs (7.643 million). This ranks the Times of India as the top English daily in India by readership. It is owned and published by Bennett, Coleman & Co. Ltd. which is owned by the Sahu Jain family.
Notable employees in TIMES OF INDIA
Girilal Jain Vineet jain Samir Jain Jug Suraiya cartoonist, Swaminathan Aiyar R. K. Laxman
Former editor of TOI MD, current Chairperson Vice-Chairman & Publisher (associate editor, columnist, "Jugular Vein," "Dubyaman II") (columnist, "Swaminomics") ("You Said It" editorial cartoon, featuring the famous common man)
Shobha De M J Akbar
Columnist Columnist, "The Siege Within" and former Editorial Team
Gurcharan Das Chetan Bhagat
Columnist Columnist, Sunday TOI
The times of India is printed from the following places: Bhubaneswar , Bengaluru , Bhopal , Chandigarh , Delhi , Goa, Hyderabad, Indore, Jaipur , Kanpur , Kolkata, lucknow, Mangalore, Mumbai, Mysore, Nagpur , Patna, Pune, Ranchi , Surat.
VISION AND MISSION STATEMANT OF TIMES OF INDIA
To maintain top position among the top newspaper in India. To capture the market for which it is going towards the rural sector also. To expand its business other than newspaper. To provide accurate news in time.
Brands: Its major brands include:
The Times of India, The Economic Times Maharashtra Times, Navbharat Times, Sandhya Times, Mumbai Mirror Kolkata Mirror Ahmedabad Mirror Pune Mirror Bangalore Mirror, Times Private Treaties,. Vijaya Karnataka, ZigWheels Femina Grazia Top Gear Lonely Planet Good Homes Filmfare Knowledge Hello. Femina Hindi Film fare Hindi
The Times of India competes with HT Media, the media conglomerate that owns of Englishlanguage newspaper Hindustan Times and the Hindi daily Hindustan. Those two alone had a daily readership of 12.7 million according to their website.
INTRODUCTION TO PROJECT This project has been made on the topic, SUUPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT OF NEWSPAPERS AND MAGAZINES AND ANALYSING NEWSPAPER READING HABITS. I have made this project report after undergoing summer training in THE TIMES OF INDIA for a period of 45 days. Supply chain management is the oversight of materials, information, and finances as they move in a process from supplier to manufacturer to wholesaler to retailer to consumer. Supply chain management involves coordinating and integrating these flows both within and among companies. It is said that the ultimate goal of any effective supply chain management system is to reduce inventory while maintaining necessary product availability. Every day my work in this training was to meet at least 30 customers daily and convince them to subscribe for THE TIMES OF INDIA newspaper and their various magazines. We used to be allotted different areas everyday for marketing by our senior heads, and they explained to us the various schemes being offered by Times Of India on their products that we had to market. We visited these areas from 8 am to 11 am and then from 5 pm to 7.30 pm as during these hours people are usually in their houses. During the training I met various kinds of people and I had to deal with each person in a different way. Some were very warm and friendly whereas some were extremely rude. It was really difficult to deal with the ones who were rude. By undergoing this survey every day I came to know the preferences of customers, their likes and dislikes, how much are they willing to spend on newspapers and magazines, what are their interests, etc. This project gave me immense knowledge. I learnt how to behave with all kinds of customers, whether they were rude or friendly, I learnt how to convince people to buy products, I learnt a basic psychology of customers and people, I learnt what nowdays people are mostly interested in doing, I came to know the goodwill of Times Of India, after convincing the customers to subscribe for the magazines and newspapers, I would take their feedback in which they would tell what magazines and newspapers they already had, what schemes they like, what gifts would they like, if they had any complaints etc. My work was to increase the sales of THE TIMES OF INDIA.
PROCESS CARRIED OUT DAILY IN THE TRAINING 1- The company assigned us different areas daily to carry out the survey and for marketing
2- We had to work in 2 shifts – from 8 am to 11am and from 5 pm to 7.30 pm 3- In the beginning we went to household and convinced people to subscribe for the magazine and newspapers of times of India in the households and later we went to colleges and asked students to subscribe for the newspapers as there was a special scheme for students. This working in the colleges was for around 6 hours.
4- On meeting the customers I explained to them the schemes that Times Of India was offering on its products and I tried convincing them to subscribe for the magazines or newspapers.
5- I took feedbacks from the customers in which they would tell what newspapers and magazines they already had subscribed for, what changes they would like in the newspapers and magazines, if they liked the schemes, if they liked the gifts that were being offered, if they had any complaints etc.
6- The customers who were interested I booked their orders 7- I also renewed subscriptions for the customers who had already subscribed for magazines and whose subscription had got over.
8- I made a report daily of how many calls I had been able to make and how many orders I could get booked.
SCHEMES OF THE TIMES OF INDIA NEWSPAPERS; THE TIMES OF INDIA - ANNUAL SCHEME PERIODICITY:
Daily
COVER PRICE:
2 Rs. on weekdays and 2.50 Rs. On Saturday and Sunday
ANNUAL RATE:
495
DURATION:
1 year
ASSURED GIFT :
TSDR Coupons of rs.- 500.
SIX MONTHS SCHEME PERIODICITY:
Daily
COVER PRICE:
3 Rs. on weekdays and 4&5 Rs. On Saturday and Sunday
SIX MONTHS RATE: 299 DURATION: ASSURED GIFT:
Six months TSDR Coupons of rs.- 500.
OBJECTIVES & NEED OBJECTIVE OF STUDY 1. To know that how much time readers of different age groups spend to read newspapers. 2. To analyse the difference of news liking in different age groups. 3. To find out most commonly preferred category of news by the people of all age groups. 4. To know that occupation of people force them to read newspaper or not. 5. To know the role of advertisement in increasing the sale of newspapers.
NEED OF STUDY 1. It helps to know the behaviour of the different kind of customers. 2. To know how to convince a customer toward a product. 3. Help in increasing the sale of company. 4. To analyse the need of customer and collecting feedback. 5. Help to know the loyalty status of customer.
RESEARCH METHDOLOGY Preparation of questionnaire First of all questionnaire are prepared to collect the required information according to need and objective of the research .It was made according to the requirement of the project.
Primary data Data used in the research is first hand (primary data). It was collected by going to the people on their residence or place of their work. Most of the data used in the research process was primary data.
Secondary data Secondary information used to know only the profile of company and to know its past performance. And it was collected from the officials of the organisation.
Sample size Total sample size used in order to make this study was 50
QUESTIONAIRE Name ____________________________ Age _________ Occupation________________________ Address ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1) Which newspaper do you like to read? a) Times Of India b) Hindustan Times c) Tribune d) Denik Bhaskar e) Amar ujala f) Others
Q 2- Which language of newspaper do you prefer? A) Hindi b) English c) Punjabi d) If any other then specify name
Q 3- How much time do you spend daily on reading a newspaper? a) 0-30 Minutes b) 30- 1 Hr c) 1 – 2 hr d) Others
Q 4- which kind of news do you like to read most in a newspaper? a) General b) Sports c) Business news d) Entertainment
Q 5- Did your occupation force you to read newspaper? a) Yes ________ b) Sometimes ____________ c) No_________
Q 6- Are you interested in the discount offers provided by the companies? a) Yes
b) No
Q 7 – On what bases you compare any newspaper with any newspaper? a) Price b) Paper quality c) Way of presenting news d) If any other Please specify
Q 8 How much attention do you pay on advertisement part of a newspaper? a) 0 -25 % b) 25 – 50 % c) 50 - 75 % d) 75 – 100%
Q 9 From how much time you are reading the newspaper? a) b) c) d)
0-6 months 6-12 months 1yr-2yr 2yr-3yr
Q10- Do you agree with the statement that age of the person make a difference in reading habit. a) b) c) d)
Strongly agree. Agree. Little agree. Disagree.
Q11 Do you think that reading newspaper play a role to Increase general awareness? a) Strongly agree. b) Agree. c) Little agree. d) Disagree.
Q 12 – Would you like to change your newspaper in future? a) Yes
b) No
13.-Do you go through additional supplements that are provided with the newspaper? a) Yes b) No 14- Does your newspaper provide you all the essential business information? a) Yes b) No c) Doesn’t read 15: Has the information from classified section been able to resolve your queries? a)Yes b) No c) Doesn’t read Q 16 – Would you like to give any suggestion regarding the improvement in the newspaper? Ans 1) 2) 3) 4)
___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________
Signature ………… Date ………………….
ANALYSING INTERPERTATIONS 1) Which newspaper do you like to read? a) Times Of India b) Hindustan Times c) Tribune d) Denik Bhaskar e) Amar ujala f) Others
Option
Number
Percentage (%)
Times of India
86
17.2
Hindustan times
96
19.2
Tribune
177
35.4
Denik bhaskar
90
18
Amar ujala
15
3
Others
36
7.2
Number of people 15
36
Times of India 86
Hindustan times
90 96 177
Tribune Denik bhaskar Amar ujala Others
INTERPRETATION-: In Chandigarh maximum people prefer the tribune. Denik bhaskar is the 2nd preferred newspaper in Chandigarh. Times Of India is at the 3rd position and closely after it is the Hindustan Times.
Q 2- Which Language’s newspaper do you prefer to read? a) b) c) d)
Hindi English Punjabi ________
Newspaper Hindi English Punjabi Other
If any other then specify name
No. of People 119 268 102 11
% Percentage 23.8 53.6 20.4 2.2
No. of People 102
11
119
Hindi English Punjabi
268
Other
INTERPRETATION-: In the area of Chandigarh and Mohali it was found that language was not a constrain for the people most of the people use to read English and Hindi both newspapers. In every second home Punjabi newspaper was also there.
Q 3- How much time do you spend daily on reading a newspaper ? a) 0-30 Minutes b) 30- 1 Hr c) 1 – 2 hr d) ______ If more than 2 hr specify time
Time
No. of People
0- 30 Minutes 30- 1 Hr 1- 2 Hr 2<
110 150 160 80
% Percentage 22 30 32 16
80
0- 30 Minutes
110
30- 1 Hr 160
1- 2 Hr 150
2<
INTERPRETATION-: 1) In the survey it was found that 22% people were not very interested they read only newspaper headline and give maximum 30 minutes to read it includes the group of students and some busy working persons 2) 30Minuts – 2 hr they are general readers of newspaper. They give full dedication to read newspaper it include the group of professionals and senior citizens 3) There is another group of people who read newspaper more than two hr. It includes people who are habitual to it.
Q 4- which kinds of news do you prefers to read most in a Newspaper ? a) General b) Sports c) Business news d) Entertainment e) Political
News General
No. of People 260
% Percentage 52
Sports
25
5
Business news
85
17
Entertainment Political
40 90
8 18
No. of People 90 40
260 85
General Sports
25
Business news Entertainment Political
INTERPRETATION-: It was found that many of people do not read full newspaper there are only 260 people who read full newspaper and other people read it according to their need and interests.
Q 5- Did your profession force you to read newspaper? a) Yes ________ b) Sometimes ____________ c) No_________
Yes Sometimes No
54 % 20 % 26 %
NO. OF PEOPLE YES
26 20
54
NO SOMETIMES
INTERPRETATION-: It was found through conducting the survey that occupation of a person also force him to read newspaper because many kind of needs occurs. For Ex. People associated with share market generally read newspaper like economic times & business standard etc.
Q 6- Are you interested in the discount offers provided by the companies?
a) Yes
b) No
Yes No
54 % 46 %
No. of people 46 54
YES NO
INTERPRETATION-: 1) It was found that general reader of newspaper who are not habitual to a particular brand of newspaper can shift their demand with a discount offer on the other hand people who are habitual to a particular brand hardly shift their demand to other newspaper 2) People who are reading a newspaper from a short period of time can change their demand with any discount offer but the person who is reading a newspaper from a long time will not change his demand 3) A person with low income will more attract to a discount offer as compare to a person having high income
Q 7 – On what bases you compare any newspaper with other newspaper? a) b) c) d)
Price Paper quality Way of presenting news If any other Please specify
Bases Price Paper Quality Way Of presenting news Other
No. of People 120 70 250 60
% Percentage 24 14 50 12
NO. OF PEOPLE 60
120
PRICE PAPER QUALITY
250
70
PRESENTATION OTHER
INTERPRETATION-: 1) Survey shows that way of presenting news is a most common tool to compare different newspapers. 2) Coverage of news is another tool to compare two brand of newspaper 3) Other tool to compare two newspapers is vocabulary, paper quality and price.
Q 8 How much attention do you pay on advertisement part of a newspaper? a) b) c) d)
0 -25 % 25 – 50 % 50 - 75 % 75 – 100%
0- 25 % 25 – 50 % 50 – 75 % 75- 100%
No. of People 110 100 180 110
% Percentage 22 20 36 22
NO. OF PEOPLE 110
110
0- 25 % 25 – 50 % 50 – 75 %
100
75- 100%
180
INTERPRETATION-: It was found that people give their attention to advertisement according to their need For example – A person deals in property business always keep himself aware about realestate market by reading newspaper regularly.
Q 9- From how long you are reading the newspaper? a) b) c) d) e)
0-6 months 6-12 months 1yr-2yr 2yr-3yr If more than specify……
Time 0-6 Months 6-12 Months 1Yr – 2 Yr 2yr 3 Yr More than 3 Yr
No. of People 30 50 90 125 205
% Percentage 6 10 18 25 41
NO. OF PEOPLE 30 50
205
0-6 Months 90
6-12 Months 1Yr – 2 Yr
125
2yr 3 Yr More then 3 Yr
INTERPRETATION-: In this survey we come to know that people who are old in age or reading newspaper for last 40 to 50 yr and the age when a person start reading newspaper is generally 18 to 25 yr.
Q10- Do you agree with the statement that age of the person make a difference in reading habit. a) b) c) d)
Strongly agree. Agree. Little agree. Disagree.
Statement Strongly agree Agree Little agree
No. of People 49 95 114
% Percentage 9.8 19 22.8
Disagree.
242
48.4
No. of people 49 95
242
Strongly agree Agree Little agree
114
Disagree.
INTERPRETATION-: It was found that a big number of people were disagree with the statement because people will like to continue with newspaper brand which the are reading from long time because 1) They become habitual to it. 2) Other newspaper brand did not match with their taste & preferences
Q11 Do you think that reading newspaper play a role to Increase general awareness? a) b) c) d)
Strongly agree. Agree. Little agree. Disagree.
Statement Strongly agree Agree Little agree
No. of People 403 70 25
% Percentage 80.6 19 5
Disagree.
2
0.4
No. of people 252
Strongly agree
70
Agree Little agree Disagree. 403
INTERPRETATION-: In this interpretation it comes to know that most of the people were agree with the statement there was a very little part of consumers who think that newspaper does not contain healthy general knowledge.
Q 12 – Would you like to change your newspaper in future? a) Yes
b) No
Yes No
52% 48 %
NO. of people
48
52
YES NO
INTERPRETATION-: In the survey it come to know that 52% of people were saying that they may change their demand in the future because they were not habitual to that product on the other hand 48% people were not ready to change their demand because they were using that product from very long time and another product was not meeting with their taste and preferences.
13.-Do you go through additional supplements that are provided with the newspaper? a) Yes b) No
Option
Number
Percentage
Yes
365
73
No
135
27
no. of people
27% yes No 73%
INTERPRETATION-: Almost more than half of the people said that they read the additional supplements of the newspaper and the rest which was a small portion said that they don’t read the additional supplements.
14- Does your newspaper provide you all the essential business information? a)Yes b) No c) Doesn’t read
Option Number Percentage(%) Yes
26 130
No
16 80
Doesn’t read
58 290
no. of people 26% 58%
yes no
16%
doesn,t read
INTERPRETATION-: Maximum number of people said that they don’t read the business section of the newspaper. A few said that they read it and all essential business news is provided to them and a very few said that they are not provided with essential business information
15: Has the information from classified section been able to resolve your queries? a) Yes b) No c) Doesn’t read
Option
Number
Percentage(%)
Yes
134
26.8
No
109
21.8
Doesn’t read
257
51
no. of people 26.80% 51%
Yes No
21.80%
Doesn’t read
INTERPRETATION-: A little more than half of the people said that they don’t read the classified. 26% said that they read it and it resolves their queries and the rest said that the classified does not resolve their queries.
FINDINGS OF THE SURVEY-:
English language is not a problem for readers, the area of Chandigarh and Mohali people prefer English language most. People more than 40 of age generally spend more time to read newspaper then the people of age less than 40. Profession of peoples also play a part to choose a newspaper for example a person dealing in share market will read a business news paper. Almost all the people were agree with the statement that newspaper play a role to increase general awareness. Advertising also play a role to increase the sale of newspaper because there are many persons whose purpose will be solved by the advertisement like advertisement of property and matrimonial. Generally people give more preference to its coverage, paper quality and vocabulary. Supplement provided with the newspapers also play a role to increase its sale there are many supplements like ascent, property by times of India who play very important role to increase the sale of newspaper. Print media make effect on newspaper market but newspapers still have a very good market share in Indian market because of print media is still considered as most reliable media channel as compare to any other media.
CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR Consumer behavior is the study of individuals, groups, or organizations and the processes they use to select, secure, and dispose of products, services, experiences, or ideas to satisfy needs and the impacts that these processes have on the consumer and society. It blends elements from psychology, sociology, social anthropology and economics. It attempts to understand the decision-making processes of buyers, both individually and in groups. It studies characteristics of individual consumers such as demographics and behavioral variables in an attempt to understand people's wants. It also tries to assess influences on the consumer from groups such as family, friends, reference groups, and society in general. Customer behavior study is based on consumer buying behavior, with the customer playing the three distinct roles of user, payer and buyer. Research has shown that consumer behavior is difficult to predict, even for experts in the field. Relationship marketing is an influential asset for customer behavior analysis as it has a keen interest in the re-discovery of the true meaning of marketing through the re-affirmation of the importance of the customer or buyer. A greater importance is also placed on consumer retention, customer relationship management, personalization, customization and one-toone marketing. Social functions can be categorized into social choice and welfare functions. In newspaper market the customers take decision by their reading habits. Their family and past culture make an effect on reading habit of a news paper customer. Profession of consumer also affects it for example. If a person is dealing in share market will read business newspaper for sure.
Basic Concepts of Supply Chain Management
Supply chains encompass the companies and the business activities needed to design, make, deliver, and use a product or service. Businesses depend on their supply chains to provide them with what they need to survive and thrive. Every business fits into one or more supply chains and has a role to play in each of them. The pace of change and the uncertainty about how markets will evolve has made it increasingly important for companies to be aware of the supply chains they participate in and to understand the roles that they play. Those companies that learn how to build and participate in strong supply chains will have a substantial competitive advantage in their markets. There is a difference between the concept of supply chain management and the traditional concept of logistics. Logistics typically refers to activities that occur within the boundaries of a single organization and supply chains refer to networks of companies that work together and coordinate their actions to deliver a product to market. Also traditional Logistics focuses its attention on activities such as procurement, distribution, maintenance, and inventory management. Supply chain management acknowledges all of traditional logistics and also includes activities such as marketing, new product development, finance, and customer service. In the wider view of supply chain thinking, these additional activities are now seen as part of the work needed to fulfil customer requests. Supply chain management views the supply chain and the organizations in it as a single entity. It brings a systems approach to understanding and managing the different activities needed to coordinate the flow of products and services to best serve the ultimate customer. This systems approach provides the framework in which to best respond to business requirements that otherwise would seem to be in conflict with each other.
Taken individually, different supply chain requirements often have conflicting needs. For instance, the requirement of maintaining high levels of customer service calls for maintaining high levels of inventory, but then the requirement to operate efficiently calls for reducing inventory levels. It is only when these requirements are seen together as parts of a larger picture that ways can be found to effectively balance their different demands. Effective supply chain management requires simultaneous improvements in both customer service levels and the internal operating efficiencies of the companies in the supply chain. Customer service at its most basic level means consistently high order fill rates, high on-time delivery rates, and a very low rate of products returned by customers for whatever reason. Internal efficiency for organizations in a supply chain means that these organizations get an attractive rate of return on their investments in inventory and other assets and that they find ways to lower their operating and sales expenses.
There is a basic pattern to the practice of supply chain management. Each supply chain has its own unique set of market demands and operating challenges and yet the issues remain essentially the same in every case. Companies in any supply chain must make decisions individually and collectively regarding their actions in five areas: 1. Production—What products does the market want? How much of which products should be produced and by when? This activity includes the creation of master production schedules that take into account plant capacities, workload balancing, quality control, and equipment maintenance. 2. Inventory—What inventory should be stocked at each stage in a supply chain? How much inventory should be held as raw materials, semi-finished, or finished goods? The primary purpose of inventory is to act as a buffer against uncertainty in the supply chain. However, holding inventory can be expensive, so what are the optimal inventory levels and reorder points?
3. Location—Where should facilities for production and inventory storage be located? Where
are the most cost efficient locations for production and for storage of inventory? Should existing facilities be used or new ones built? Once these decisions are made they determine the possible paths available for product to flow through for delivery to the final consumer.
4. Transportation—How should inventory be moved from one supply chain location to
another? Air freight and truck delivery are generally fast and reliable but they are expensive. Shipping by sea or rail is much less expensive but usually involves longer transit times and more uncertainty. This uncertainty must be compensated for by stocking higher levels of inventory. When is it better to use which mode of transportation? 5. Information—How much data should be collected and how much information should be
shared? Timely and accurate information holds the promise of better coordination and better decision making. With good information, people can make effective decisions about what to produce and how much, about where to locate inventory and how best to transport it.
The sum of these decisions will define the capabilities and effectiveness of a company’s supply chain. The things a company can do and the ways that it can compete in its markets are all very much dependent on the effectiveness of its supply chain. If a company’s strategy is to serve a mass market and compete on the basis of price, it had better have a supply chain that is optimized for low cost. If a company’s strategy is to serve a market segment and compete on the basis of customer service and convenience, it had better have a supply chain optimized for responsiveness. What a company is and what it can do is shaped by its supply chain and by the markets it serves.
How the Supply Chain Works Production Production refers to the capacity of a supply chain to make and store products. The facilities of production are factories and warehouses. The fundamental decision that managers face when making production decisions is how to resolve the trade-off between responsiveness and efficiency. If factories and warehouses are built with a lot of excess capacity, they can be very flexible and respond quickly to wide swings in product demand. Facilities where all or almost all capacity is being used are not capable of responding easily to fluctuations in demand. On the other hand, capacity costs money and excess capacity is idle capacity not in use and not generating revenue. So the more excess capacity that exists, the less efficient the operations become.
Inventory Inventory is spread throughout the supply chain and includes everything from raw material to work in process to finished goods that are held by the manufacturers, distributors, and retailers in a supply chain. Again, managers must decide where they want to position themselves in the trade-off between responsiveness and efficiency. Holding large amounts of inventory allows a company or an entire supply chain to be very responsive to fluctuations in customer demand. However, the creation and storage of inventory is a cost and to achieve high levels of efficiency, the cost of inventory should be kept as low as possible.
Location Location refers to the geographical setting of supply chain facilities. It also includes the decisions related to which activities should be performed in each facility. The responsiveness versus efficiency trade-off here is the decision whether to centralize activities in fewer locations to gain economies of scale and efficiency, or to decentralize activities in many locations close to customers and suppliers in order for operations to be more responsive. When making location decisions, managers need to consider a range of factors that relate to a given location including the cost of facilities, the cost of labour, skills available in the workforce, infrastructure conditions, taxes and tariffs, and proximity to suppliers and customers. Location decisions tend to be very strategic decisions because they commit large amounts of money to long-term plans.
Transportation This refers to the movement of everything from raw material to finished goods between different facilities in a supply chain. In transportation the trade-off between responsiveness and efficiency is manifested in the choice of transport mode. Fast modes of transport such as airplanes are very responsive but also more costly. Slower modes such as ship and rail are very cost efficient but not as responsive. Since transportation costs can be as much as a third of the operating cost of a supply chain, decisions made here are very important.
Information Information is the basis upon which to make decisions regarding the other four supply chain drivers. It is the connection between all of the activities and operations in a supply chain. To the extent that this connection is a strong one, (i.e., the data is accurate, timely, and complete), the companies in a supply chain will each be able to make good decisions for their own operations. This will also tend to maximize the profitability of the supply chain as a whole.
Participants in the Supply Chain In its simplest form, a supply chain is composed of a company and the suppliers and customers of that company. This is the basic group of participants that creates a simple supply chain. Extended supply chains contain three additional types of participants. First there is the supplier’s supplier or the ultimate supplier at the beginning of an extended supply chain. Then there is the customer’s customer or ultimate customer at the end of an extended supply chain. Finally there is a whole category of companies who are service providers to other companies in the supply chain. These are companies who supply services in logistics, finance, marketing, and information technology.
Producers Producers or manufacturers are organizations that make a product. This includes companies that are producers of raw materials and companies that are producers of finished goods.
Distributors Distributors are companies that take inventory in bulk from producers and deliver a bundle of related product lines to customers. Distributors are also known as wholesalers. They typically sell to other businesses and they sell products in larger quantities than an individual consumer would usually buy.
Retailers Retailers stock inventory and sell in smaller quantities to the general public. This organization also closely tracks the preferences and demands of the customers that it sells to. It advertises to its customers and often uses some combination of price, product selection, service, and convenience as the primary draw to attract customers for the products it sells.
Customers Customers or consumers are any organization that purchases and uses a product.
Aligning the Supply Chain with Business Strategy A company’s supply chain is an integral part of its approach to the markets it serves. The supply chain needs to respond to market requirements and do so in a way that supports the company’s business strategy. The business strategy a company employs starts with the needs of the customers that the company serves or will serve. Depending on the needs of its customers, a company’s supply chain must deliver the appropriate mix of responsiveness and efficiency. A company whose supply chain allows it to more efficiently meet the needs of its customers will gain market share at the expense of other companies in that market and also will be more profitable.
Information Systems that Support the Supply Chain Information technology can support internal operations and also collaboration between companies in a supply chain. Using high speed data networks and databases, companies can share data to better manage the supply chain as a whole and their own individual positions within the supply chain. The effective use of this technology is a key aspect of a company’s success.
All information systems are composed of technology that performs three main functions: data capture and communication; data storage and retrieval; and data manipulation and reporting. Different information systems have different combinations of capabilities in these functional areas. The specific combination of capabilities is dependent on the demands of the job that a system is designed to perform. Information systems that are employed to support various aspects of supply chain management are created from technologies that perform some combination of these functions.
Developing Supply Chain Systems
After a company defines its supply chain strategy and sets the performance targets for the markets it serves, the next step is to develop the systems needed to implement the strategy. Often existing systems need to be enhanced and new systems need to be built. Here it presents a process to follow to create the detailed system designs and to build those systems.
NEWSPAPER NEWSPAPER CIRCULATION A newspaper's circulation is the number of copies it distributes on an average day. It is one of the principal factors used to set advertising rates. Circulation is not always the same as copies sold, often called paid circulation, since some newspapers are distributed without cost to the reader. Readership figures are usually higher than circulation figures because of the assumption that a typical copy of the newspaper is read by more than one person. In many countries, circulations are audited by independent bodies such as the Audit Bureau of Circulations to assure advertisers that a given newspaper does indeed reach the number of people claimed by the publisher.
DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL: CHANNEL FUNCTIONS AND FLOWS: A marketing channel performs the work of moving goods from producers to consumers. It overcomes the time, place, and possession of goods and services from those that need or want them.
Members of the marketing channel perform the following functions:
They gather information about potential and current customers, competitors. And other factors and forces in the marketing environment. They develop and disseminate persuasive communications to stimulate purchasing. They reach agreement on price and other terms so that transfer of ownership or possession can be affected. They place orders with manufactures. They acquire the funds to finance inventories at different levels in marketing channel. They assume risk connected with carrying out channel works. They provide for the successive storage and movement of physical products. They see the buyer’s payment of their bills through banks and other financial institutions. They oversee actual transfer of ownership from one organization or person to other.
DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL: Distribution means the transfer of goods from producer to consumer. In a distribution system we have, first find out what kind of distribution channel is to select as the firm can get a convenient supply and economic maintenance of profit. In print industry where the flow of goods matter a lot, it must to consider the following points very carefully.
Selection of channel for distribution.
Warehousing and transport
Operational research
Logistic mix
Let’s explain each of the above points one by one in a detailed manner :
1. SELECTION OF CHANNEL FOR DISTRIBUTION: For selecting a channel for distribution following points are to be considered. a) NATURE
OF PRODUCT
b) VARIETY OF THE PRODUCT TO BE SOLD
2. WAREHOUSING AND TRANSPORT
Warehousing and transport are essential part of distribution system. Warehousing should be done in a manner minimum maintenance of cost should occur. That should be source of quick supply to consumer because from their place basic supply starts. Transport is costly.
So decision should be taken as to whether warehousing are to be centrally situated or decentralized. To maintain economical support, control of cost of vehicle is essential and shipment must be planned so those vehicle are effectively employed.
3. OPERATIONAL RESEARCH Operational research is valuable in improving aspects of distribution process: a)
By mathematical representation of whole distribution system.
b)
Noting and comparing transport cost.
c)
Measuring warehouses operation costs.
d)
Measure stock level.
4. LOGISTIC MIX There has been little close examination of possible savings in area of physical distribution, now known as logistic. “Consumer wants product available at the right time, and right condition.”
This is possible, if 5 key decisions are co-ordinate: – 1-Facility 2- Inventory 3-Communication 4-Utilization 5- Transport.
THE NEWSPAPER SUPPLY CHAIN In India, newspapers are published in about 100 regional languages and dialects other than Hindi and English. . Due to the perishable nature of the product, its distribution needs all the more importance.
A newspaper industry consists of five major functional areas. These include editorial, advertising, production, administration and circulation. Editorial supplies the raw material, which is transformed to the finished product through printing. The marketing function is performed by advertising and management is done by administration.
DISTRIBUTING A PRODUCT A perishable good is one that either loses significant value if stored or a good that will cause economic loss if delivered late. There are three main categories of perishable goods: Goods that are perishable only when considered by the customer; Goods that are perishable only to the manufacturer; and Goods that are perishable to both the manufacturer and the customer. Newspapers fall into this later category. Newspaper companies cannot print the news sections of the newspaper in advance because of the requirement that news be timely. Additionally, with the increase in commuting times, especially in the large, metropolitan markets, late delivery is also not entertained. Therefore, newspaper production/distribution is the problem of distributing highly perishable products under severe time constraints. The distribution channel consists of stages involved in fulfilling consumer requirements. The channel includes manufactures, suppliers, transporters, vendors and customers.
The distribution channel of a typical newspaper can be represented through the following flow diagram:
PRINTING
FACILITY SALESMEN NEWSPAPER DISTRIBUTOR VENDOR HAWKER BOOKSTALLS READER
SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT It is the oversight of materials, information, and finances as they move in a process from supplier to manufacturer to wholesaler to retailer to consumer. It involves coordinating and integrating these flows both within and among companies.
Supply chain management flows can be divided into three main flows:
• The product flow • The information flow • The finances flow
Product flow: The final product is distribute through printing place to warehouse to distributers to vendors and lastly to the readers.
Information flow: information or the news required for the printing is collected through different news agencies, newspaper’s reporter and than to the editorial from where final news goes to printing press.
Finances flow: The finance required for the various function of the printing, handling, distributing comes mainly through the advertisements. Because cost of production of a newspaper is around six rupees, and selling price is around two rupees. So the profit comes through only advertisements print in the newspaper.
FINDING THE VALUE Newspapers require unique definition of their product, information, and financial flows to be adapted to supply chain and other quantifiable management programs. The primary supply chain flow for newspapers is the outbound product flow and its associated information flow. Newspapers have successfully separated subscriber and advertiser cash flow timing from product delivery.
As such, all financial flows within the newspaper supply chain are either discretionary or direct costs resulting from the supply chain in place.
NEWS PRINT & INK Inbound transportation of newsprint and ink is largely governed by broad purchasing contracts and commodity pricing. These channels are best left flexible to leverage base product pricing, as this pricing gain exceeds any potential for savings from an optimized inbound supply chain. The inbound raw material that controls the start time of critical manufacturing processes is intangible. News happens without regard for newspaper deadlines. News deadlines are set to provide the latest possible news to the subscriber, while advertising deadlines are set to allow the widest possible purchasing window for advertisers. Both deadlines must allow necessary time for the remaining links in the supply chain to process any packages fronted by these start times, and backed by consumer delivery deadlines.
ADVERTISING & NEWS In order to preserve both late news and early delivery deadlines, traditional efficiency gains have come by Reducing costs. Looking forward, ratios may be better by adding time to the process, allowing cost to be reduced further, while keeping service levels intact.
PRESS OPERATIONS The critical time for press operations is the fixed run time. Papers per hour output is limited by the speed of a press and the number of presses. The number and type of press is difficult and costly to alter. Remaining opportunities inside press operations involve eliminating any barriers to maximum sustainable speed. The value of each stop and start, each edition change, or once weekly collect run, should be assessed versus its total cost to the supply chain. Odd production days and unnecessary edition Breaks can add time and cost to the supply chain. However, unless all current final production runs deliver directly to stackers rather than to the mailroom for additional processing, value can best be derived from other areas of the newspaper supply chain.
PACKAGING OPERATIONS
Packaging process, flow, and timing are the keystone to huge potential cost gains to the total supply chain, especially for newspapers unable to increase value at other links in the chain. Speed and accuracy during the final production process are the typical focus for packaging management.
WORKFLOW
The packaging link in the supply chain controls the work flow not only for itself, but for each downstream element in the supply chain.
Package design, count, timing, and handling must act to balance workflow for packaging and distribution to achieve the lowest possible cost.
Mailroom headcount and shifts, packaging equipment type and quantity, handling methods, storage needs, distribution operations management needs, vehicle type and number, driver type, count, and shifting, carrier count and route length—all of these factors must balance for maximum gain. Each newspaper will have different needs and priorities, requiring a customized model and considerations; however, the focal point for this balance is the largest cost in the system, the human resource availability and prevailing wages in the local market place.
DISTRIBUTION OPERATIONS
Distribution operations for most newspapers are reactive. They receive product by time and must complete operations by time .All delays in earlier supply chain links must be compensated for by distribution, or the consumer suffers. These parameters can be altered by changes up stream in the supply chain, but solutions inside the distribution link can still bring broad value to the overall cost of the newspaper supply chain.
In order to assess the potential for improvement within a newspaper’s distribution operations, the activity must be divided into two parts: Bulk Distribution and Carrier Distribution.
COMPLIANCE & RISK
• To simply driver hiring, many newspapers use trucks . These trucks can carry At the very most, newspapers, (5) pallets,(10) carts, or about 350 bundles.
.
CONCLUSION This summer training in Times Of India gave me immense knowledge and experience. I got to learn many things like different customers and their behaviour, how to behave with different people, likes and dislikes of people, preferences of people, how much money people are willing to spend, how to convince people, marketing, etc. I also got to know about the goodwill of Times Of India, their different products and services, their various schemes, etc. Therefore I am very thankful to my college for placing me in the Times Group for my summer training.
BIBLIOGRAPHY www.google.com www.wikipedia.com www.indiatimes.com
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