A LATE PTOLEMAICS STATUE OF HATHOR FROM HER TEMPLE AT DENDEREH

A Late Ptolemaic Statue of Hathor from Her Temple at Dendereh Author(s): Hermann Ranke Source: Journal of the American Oriental Society, Vol. 65, No. 4 (Oct. - Dec., 1945), pp. 238248 Published by: American Oriental Society Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/595463 . Accessed: 26/03/2011 05:58 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained at . http://www.jstor.org/action/showPublisher?publisherCode=aos. . Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission. JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected].

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A LATE PTOLEMAIC STATEE OF HATHORFROMHER TEMPLEAT DENDEREH HERM SSN RANE:E UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANLA

IN MAT1940, a life-size torsol of gray-black granite,2with severalcolumnsof an inscriptionin Ptolemaichieroglyphsa was acquired3 by the IJniversity Museumof the Universityof Pennsylvania in Philadelphia,andreceivedthe inventorynumber 40-19-3. A first brief report, with a front-viewphotograph, was publishedin the MuseumBulletin of September,19aIOa while a comprehensivepublication had to be postponeduntil a more thorough investigationof this interestingpiecewas made. I. THESTSTUE The statue representsa woman standing,with her leCt leg advanced,against a narrow pillar, whichprobablyreachedup to the backof her neck.4 She is clothedin at least two garments. The lower one has short sleeves,of which only the right one is visible. It is rather tightly fitting but shows flat folds running from the right shoulderdown to the breast. ()verthis, an uppergarment,apparently of somewhatheaviertexture,5is worn. This upper garment,a kind of shawl or cloak draped closely over the figure, is evidentlya rectangular piece of cloth fringed on one border. ()ne end of it was wrappedabout the waist to form a skirt reachingto the feet. The free end, whichborethe Iringe,was drawnacrossthe right side, underthe right slloulder,acrossthe breastand over the leCt shoulder. The fringe now hung overthe left wrist, half the bordershowingin front and half hanging downthe back. The latter half was drawnclosely acrossthe back and a cornerof it broughtunder 1The exact measurements of the torso are: height 127 cm., greatest breadth 44cm., greatest depth 30cm. 3 According to a mineralogical analysis the statue consists of ' andesite.' In the lorer parts of the statue the stone shows whitish striations of quartz. 8 Together with two other Egyptian monuments in the possession of Mr. H. Kevorkian of New York City. 4As is the case for example with Philadelphia E 975, an approximately contemporary statue of a man from :&optos. 6 Whether of linen or of wool it is difficult to say. If the passage in Eerodotus II 81 should refer to our costume, we would have to assume a white woolen garment above a linen shirt. 238

the right shoulderso as to show slightly in front. It was held in placeby the left hand. The shawl is indicatedby broadfolds on both sides of the backand by narrowerfolds on the left side of the chest. Its upper borderwhich runs from the left shoulderto below the right breast, has been more thiekly folded.6 A triangle below the neck seemsto indicatea third garmentunderneath the othersawhich probablyconsistedo£ a simpletight-fittinglinen shirt. A shawlof the kind just describedis not found among the diferent forms of Egyptian clothing. Neither the cloak-likegarmentwhich Amenhotep III wears in his statuette in the Metropolitan Museumin New York,7nor the large cloak worn by a noblemanon a relief of the Saitic time,8can be regardedas evencloselysimilarto it. The main difference,besidethe truncatedformof the stylized fringed triangles,is the fact that the shawlof our statueis held in placeby one hand-a featureforeign to pureltrEgyptiangarmentsof this period.9 0n the other hand, our garmentcannotbe separated from very similar shawls worn by men, which we know from a numberof statues10and 6 In the case of the Koptos statues mentioned in note 10,1 this upper shawl is represented by four stylized folds. T Schaefer-Andrae? Dwe JE?lnst des alten Ortents 1925?

pl. 332.

8G. Benedite? "La cueillette du lis et le slirinon,"'

hfonuments et Mdmoires de la Ptondation Piot? vol. 25,

p. 9 and pl. V. 9 This fact distinguishes our shawl also from the cloak worn by the bronze statuette of a priest of the Saitic period? now in the Louvre, published by Boreux, Cat. Louxre II? pl. 53; Bosse? JIenschliche Ptigur, pl. 1 f.; Moller? Sletallkuvnst der alten Aegypter? pl. 29. °1. Statue of a man in brown sandstone, from Koptos, in the University Museum in Philadelphia (E 975). See Woptosn p. 22; American Journal of Archaeology? vol. 10?p. 347 S. 2. Statue of a man in black basalt?from Dime?in the Glyptothek in Munich. Publ. by F. von BissingBruckmann, Denkmaler agyptischer Skulptur, pl. 108a. 3. Statue of a man in black stone? from Dima in the iE:gyptianCollection of the State AIuseum in Berlin (11632). Publ. by H. Schaefer in SchaeferAndrae E:unst des alten Orients, 1925, pl. 4276. 4. Statue of an official in black basalt, from Dim Petrie?

PLATE

I

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A Late Ptolemaic Statue of Hathor jrom Eer Temple at Dendereh

reliefsl} carvedin Egypt during the time o£ the rule7and the origin of which is still Greco-Roman disputed.l2

in the Egyptian Museum in Alexandrla. Publ. by Paul Graindorn " Bustes et statues portraits dltgypte romain," Le Catre, 1:7ntsersitd Egyptiene, Recuert de trasaw publH por la Aaultd des lettres3 pl. 58 and p 127 f.

5 Statuette of an official in black stone, from Bed rashein ( ?) ) in the Egyptian Museum in Cairo. Publ. by L. Borehardt, Statuen III (1930) pl. 128,no. 696 (cf.p. 38f.); Graindor,l.c pl. 59 and p. 129 f. 8. Statue of Hor, a priest of Thot in basaltv from Ale2candria,in the Egyptian Museum in Cairo. Publ. by L. Borchardt, z G. pl. 128} no. 697 (cfw p. 39); Graindor, a. c. pl. 65f. and p. 138f.; Deni30n-:Ros3,Art of Egypt, 1931, p. 283 1. 7. Torso of the priest of Eathor, Pen-nut gPanas)3 from Dendereh, in the Egyptian Museum in Cairo. Publ. by L. Borchardtv t. c. pL 127, no. 690 (cf. p. 34). 8. Torso of an oflicial in grey granite3 of anknown provenience, in the Egyptian Museum in Cairo, Publ. by L. Borchardt, I. c. pl. 127, no. 691 (cf. pp. 35-7). 9. Torso of black granite, prourenieneeunknown, in the Gallery of Fine Arts} Yale lininrersity, New Eaven, Conn. Publ. by Jose Pijoan, ' E1 Arte Egypcio" S¢mma Artis) voL 3 (Madrid) 1932), p. 480 fig. 640. 10. Granite torso, of unknown prourenience in the Glyptothek at Copenhagen. Publ. by Maria Mogensen} La collection Xypttenne 193Q pl. 20J A86 (cf. p. 21 ) . 11. Torso of a man in black granite, of unknown proTeniences ill the Metropolitan Museum in New York (ace. no. X250) theight 91 cm.). Unpublished. 12. Torso of a man in black stone, from iKarnak, in the AlIard Pierson Museum in Amsterdam. Publ. by G. A. S. Snijder, A{nemosyne, Tertia Serres, vol. 7 ( 1935) s pl. 12, no. 3. 13. Statue of a priestf from Dendereh) in the Cairo Museum. Deseribed by Daressya jlnnates 17, 91. (Fragmexlt of a simiIar one rbid p. 93.) 14. Statue of a goddess (queen?), with head and fed preserved, in the Egyptian Museum in Cairo by aceident partly reprodueed on backgraund of pl. 4a in Georges Dutheit, La swIpture Gopte Paris, 1931. 1. King Ptolemy III, in the temple of :Shons at Rarnak. PublXby Lepsius Denkmaler IV, pl. 9a. 2* King Ptolemy IX) in his temple at Som Ombo. Publ. by von Bissillg-Bruckmane, Denkmaler pl. 116.

}

3. Private m£rn,formerly in the collection von Biss ing. Publ. by von Bissing-Bruckmann}Op. Cit. pl. 120a. 1 The latest axld most elaborate discussion, with ample references to the earlier literature, is given by I)r. G. A. S. Snijder in his " Mitteilullgell aus dem

239

Ihe womanholdsherleft armslightlybent)in frontof her body,drawingthe right part of the shawltight,13andcarriesin her left handa bouprobablymeantto quetof threestylizedflowers7 Therighta hallgsdsw bepapyrusblossoms.l4 alongsidethe body,its handclosedbut empty. the fact that the £eet,the headand iExcepting thegreaterpartof theneckandof theleft shoulder of the statueis arebrokenaway the preservatio-n excellent.l5

workmanit is a pieceof remarleable Artistically ship. The mollldingof armsand breastsand of the right shoulder,the renderillgof the garment anathe waythe slenderformof the bodyis indishow the hand of a master cated underneatha artist. I knowof no otherEgyptianstatlleof this tme whichwouldequalit in this respect. of Thestyleis Egypti$n Onlyin the rendering the folds of boththe lowerand uppergarments abovethe breastsarldbelowthe rightkneeis disof Greekforms which cerniblea reminiscence Allard Pierson MuseamX'I Mnemosyne, Tertia Sernesw vol. 7 (1935), p. 243t Snijder assumes a very long garment of thin fabric which was wrapped around the body four times-an assumption which seems unnecessarily cotnplicated. As to its origin, Snijder follows A. Scharff, who considers it Egyptian, but he certainly goes too far when he claims that it is cseine uralte} traditionelle, typisch agyptische Tracht.' It is neither { uralt " nor typically Egyptian, and I still wonder whether its origin did not lie outside of Egypt. The garment of a doormanyfrom a cofflnof the 26th dynasty which ScharS compares (ilgyptische Zeitschrift 74, p. 43 ) t seems to be quite different. The earliest known examples are two reliefs of the 30th dynasty, which Scharff describes in the same paper (ibid. p. 44 figs. 2 and 3). 13 This function of the left hand is more clearly indicated in a number of the statues of men mentioned in n. 10: cf. Berlin 11632 (Schaefer-Andraeop ctt. 4276) Philadelphia E 975. In our case the double functiorl of the hand, tightening the shawl and holding the fowers is rendered rather awkwardly. :t For this item I am unable ta quote an exact parallel. Cf. howenter,the well-known Egyptian custom of represtem senting the statues of goddesses holding a papyru3 ln front of them. }3sorthe papyrus as the sacred pIant of Eathor in particuIar cf. Sethe, J. Z 64, p. 6 . The Ptolemaic statue of a man wearing a similar dress, W}lic}lalso comes from Dendereh is descrikedby Daressy (lnrtales 17, 91) as holding "une fleur de lotus.'> z6Both hands are slightly chipped; a littIe more damage has been done to the lower part of the left legv The feet of a similar statue from Dendereh--unfortunately not the missing part of our piece-with traces of a closely parallel inscription, are mentionedby Daressy, Annales 17, p. 93, IV.

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240

A Late Ptolemaic Statue of Eathor from Her Templeat Dendereh

A secondfact points in the samedirectioIl.The othertitles of ourofficialwhichform a considerable part of the inscription,are quite similar to and, in parts - even in their arrangement- identical with thosefoundon the statuesof two high officials who of Dendereh,now in the Cairo Museum>19 probablylived in early Romantimes. They are a nw . t) Panas (p'-n-nw . t), son of mayor (t 1,mXy-r Psenthais ('sry-n-thy. t) and a certaiIl Sorax (7cwrks,formerlyread Georgios),who on the naos thich he is holdingis called " son of Ptolemaios" while on the back-pillarhe appearsas " son of the commanderof the army, Psenpkais" (p'-sry [np']-k'y). Neither of them is priest of the Ptolemaic rulers. Both seem to have belongedto a family of Denderehmagnates,of whichthe anonymous man of our statue may have been an earlier member. Thus if the date of the statue is well fised, the inscription leaves equally little doubt as to its provenience. The oScial who is so prominently mentionedin it bears a number of titles which definitelyconnecthim with the city of Dendereh and its temple. We are able to state even more: the statue must have originallystood within the Deglns. nscrlptlon approsian temenosof the Hathor temple itselfs for it is to give The forms of the hieroglyphs priestsof this templethat the officialaddresses example, the for n sign The statue. the mate date for repeatedlyformed with only two instead of four his requestto pronouncehis name while they are or more waves, is characteristicof the latest part performingtheir religious services,exactly as is the case in the inscriptionof :Soraswhosestatue of the Ptolemaicand the Romanperiods. of not once stood in the temple of Dendereh. In our Ptolemaic, of is inscription the That Roman times, is evident from the fact that the case,however,a womanis represented,not a man. officialis called a priest of the "beneficentgods In orderto solve this difficultywe have to consult and of the father-lovinggods," the well-known the inscriptionitself. designationof severalPtolemaickings of Egypt. II. THEINSCRIPTION The title Ssot;pyerels, first given to Ptolemy III and BereniceII, occursagain with Ptolemy VII The cutting of the inscriptionin the very hard and CleopatraIIn but their time seems too early granite has been esecutedwith considerableskill. occurs for our inscription. The title injuredby an awkwardblow, with The stone was never are quite clearly cut. The also and III, Arsinoe and IV Ptolemy with signs the of and most PtolemyXIII and CleopatraVI. This latter time ratherclumsyforms of the hieroglyphsand their see wouldsuit muchbetter,and althoughI cannot arrangementare characteristicof late their rule, that crowded or early Roman times the lack of a that they werealso calledevgpyeves, Ptolemaic is the time between81 and 51 B. C., is the most likely date for our statue. 19 The inscriptions on these statues were published by

werefamiliarto the Egyptianartist; hardlya real art.ld influenceof GEreek As to the identificationof the statue, there is verylittle evidenceoutsideof the inscription. The existenceor non-existenceof some headgear or crownmight have decidedwhethera human17or a goddesswas represented.Whetherthe bunch of flowers,on this point, wouldbe decisive,I am not ableto say. however,the statue has an inscrip:Fortunately, tion. There were three long columns of hieroglyphs incised on the rear of the back pillar and four shorterones of varying lengths, on its left side, adjoining the left-hand side of the statue. These last four have been perfectly preservedwith the exceptionof the last signs of eachcolumn, which were brokenofEtogetherwith the feet. Of the columns on the rear, the same is true concerning the originally lowest signs, but here we have a greater loss besides: while little seems to be missing on top of the first two columns,the third one sufferedgreat damage resulting,among otherthings, in the almostcomplete18 destruction of the name of the oEcial, with whose titles the *

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16For the rendering of a very Greek artist cf. the statue of Isis, liches Verzeichnis, 1899, p. 32B. 17 I must confess, however, that is known to me which was set up of the Graeco-Roman period. 18Intentional ?

similar garment by a Berlin 12440, Ausfuhrno statue of a woman in an Egyptian temple

Daressy, Recueil 15, p. 159, no. 8 (republ. by Borchardt, Statuen III, 690) and Annales 16, pp. 268-70. They will be quoted hereafter as " Cairo 690 " and " Annales 16 " re3pectively. Both must have stood in the temple of Hathor at Dendereh, in the vicinity of which they were found. Korax, among other titles, bears that of " brother of the king." For the reading Koras rather than Georgios see Sethe, ].Z. 58, 150.

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1. The Ttttes of the 0ffi121 hieroglyphicpalaeographymakes a closer dating difficult. The use of a number of SigB8 iIl their The6etitles caIlbe dividedinto threegroups: well-knownPtolemaicphoneticvalues is obvious. courttitles, militarytitles and priestlytitles. The As-vaseinstead of the mr-chisel (in smr) i8 rare but occurs also in the inscriptionof Panas, a. CoqzrtTttles and the sanze is true of the replacementof the speakinginsteadof the seatedman (in our inscripx §§§:l tion after shD,in that of Panas after mrw.!). A X;@]§§ sign resemblingthat of nys is usea for ntr-'z,reckn placing the more complicatedform mentionedin &4 czcX Note 81. For the writing of hr hw with the jubilating man I know of no parallel, nor for the tonglleas a determinativeof shr.w. ' The [ ...., ] prince,treasurerof the kirlgof The seated baboonis used as a writing for ss IJowerEgypt, only belovedfriend of the king, the "scribe.)) A sign resemblinga vase is found pre- great prince (sr) in front of the people (rhy.t), ceding the words bw dsr in the speech of the great of favors in the house of Horus, of wide priests, while it follows the same expressionin a 6tridein the palace (stp-s; ) ." Ptolemaic inscriptionin Vienna (see Note 75). These titles hardlycorrespondto any particular The repeateduse of the small w for the flesh-sign office,even the designation"treasurerof the king (f) in the militarytitles goesbackto the similarity of LowerEgypt" havingbecomemeanillglesslong of both signs in a carelesscursive,and may in our beforethis time. They containnothingmorethall case point to a cursiveoriginal. the owner>6 claim -whetherjustifiedor not-that Thereare very few mistakes(as e. g. o:acezmy-r he had personalaccessto the royalpalace. pr for iwy-r). Before;' Hathor,the uraeus-serpent of Re" the word "priest" is omitted, and so is b. XiGitary Fitles the nameof lIathor after "fourth Priest." At the very end, when the carverhad becometired, once kn2$t> gp UnS4fl;Z^> nb standsfor k. SttizU' t@48S The addition of a meaningless8igN i8 hardly ever found, and, with the exceptionof the suffis *ofil Tgl¢|S desu .w that once is used instead of .£n (in Zy.w, at the end), there are no traces whateverof "New Egyptian." The language is strictly that of the ciassicMiddleKingdoin,and even of the considerable phoneticchangeswhich the spokenlanguage 2t The court titIes of our official, where fragmentarily hadundergonesincethat titnehardlyan intimation preserved, can be partly restored from the titles found (tm for drn;;pronounce') is discernible. on the statues of Panas and Korax. 32 The traces of the badly damaged beginning of the The inscription itself 20 consists of three main do not allow us to restore rp'.ta as we find parts of very differentlength. The first and long- inscription in Cairo 690 and AnnaIes 16, 269. Perhaps we must est part contains the titles of a high officialof itrestore something like rp'.t qer; cf. LE3orchardt, Statuen I)endereh. The secorLd part contains his address III, p. 36. 23For my restoration cf. Annales 16, 2B9. to the priestsof the templeof Hathor,the last one I supply an addressdirectedto him by the representatives the sitting man after mrw.t because it is found there and in Cairo 690. The same usage is found in our of this temple. inscription after s&'. 24 The

2° For valuable suggestions in the interpretation of some difficult passages I am indebted to Battiscombb Gunn and NValterFedern. The copy of the inscription reproducedon pl.... I owe to the kindness and skill of my assistant, Miss Carroll R. Young. She has been of invaluable help in checking and recheeking doubtful 8igns.

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A Late Ptote7naicStatue of Bathor from Ber Tempteat Dendereh

" Greatcommander(zmy-r) of the armyin .... commander(my-r) of the chariotry,leader (wr) of his troops (ms'), chief of his recruits(?), leader (S'-Xpy)8° of his soldiers shelterof bronzearoundall his troops his soldiers (mP)." a choice While some of these titles appear to be, alld some of them evidently are honorific epithets, rather than designationsof a real rank or function the first two must be taken seriously'Commanderof the Chariotrynand 'G#reatCommanderof the Army.' The latter, placedin front of all the others,must have been the most important one. Whetherit proves our officialto have i. e. a militarycommanderof one beena zrr,on7yos, of the Egyptiandistrictsor ' nomes' or not, I am not preparedto say.33 We know that a certain Pamencheswho in a Demoticinscriptionis called in his hieroglyphicinscriptionbearsthe ¢T!pT\7OSn But we do not knowwhether title zmy-r period all Egyptian officialsof the Graeco-Roman al60 army' the of who were 'great commanders immewords the Unfortunately (rrp¢rryo. were diately following the title in our inscriptionare rlot with certainty explainable. While in other ca6esthe title eitherstanas by itself or is followed by the name of the nome or nomes in which the it is here followedby officialservedas op{Ln7yos a

(.mnfy.t)

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t513. The paralleltest on the statue of E:oras has 'very great (wr') commanderof the troops

Daressy'stranslatiorl"chefdestroupes cfieffi. dans les deus rigions" (evidently grand tres meaningsin IJpperand Lower Egypt') seemsto meuntenable. liorass title must be a variantof that of our official,and neither of them to conclude from their priestly titles which were restrictedto DendereXand EdfuScan possiblyhave beenthe commandergeneral of the whole Egyptian army.85 Since neither 4g3 nor 13e3 are knownas geographicalterms, we might in both which originally cases have to read means' excellently,'but whichmight be used here in the sense of ' in reality,' indicating that these menborethe title not as an honorificonesbut that they reallywerecommandersof a greatermilitary unit. Whateverthe destroyednameof our officialmay have been, he certainly was a native Egyptian. This is sho by the fact that his military titles and epithets are by far outnumberedby the following titles which attach him to the service of Egyptiandeities. m

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2 bGPs 4 deservea special commentary. As first and foremost of the deities whose {priest' our official is designatedwe find 'Isiss the great one, the motherof the god, the lady of r) . t-dy61 who is worshippedin Dendereh.'62 This name, with its epithets, is well known from the walls of her temple as the chief name of the goddess of Denderehwhomwe are accustomedto call by her earliername s ELathor.'In Ptolemaictimes consideredone and the same goddess. The f0wn8 hornson the headof the seatedwomanas determinativeof the name' Isis n give to this identification a graphic expression. Since Isis was the mother eo Counting { Eathor, the uraeus-serpent of R#'," before which hm-ntr has been omitted by the scribe, it would be 13, compared with 6 ( or 7, counting Earsomtus, before whom the title hm-ntr has been left out) hm-ntr titles in the case of Panas, and 14 (one of which iB given twice) in the case of Sorax. 01For ,.t-dy as a name of the tempIe of Hathor at Dendereh (and of a particular part of this temple ?) see Gauthier, Op. Cit. I 124 f. and Junker, L Z. 43, 123. The original meaning of ,.t-dy seems to be unknown. e2 The same title, with slight variants, iB borne by Panas as well as by Korax.

of }Iorus or IIarpokrates,Isis-13:athorof Denderehwas worshippedas the motherof Eorus of Edfu. She was also consideredthe wife of Osiris tho, however,at Denderehonly had a lessershrine and must have playedthe role of a prince-consort. Combinedwith Isis in this first priestly title we {;nd "the gods and goddessespresidingover the birth-chamber,n' i. e. over the annex of the Dendereh temple in which the birth of Horus was celebrated. In the secondplace we find the title ' priest of Osiris, the great god who is worshippedat Dendereh.' It is followedby vpriest of Hathor, the uraeus-serpentof Re ' and four more forms of Isis-Hathor,which all are known as epithets of the goddessof Dendereh,the first of which ('the one with the mny.t') however,is here distinctly connectedwith Edfu. Besides,our officialis called (fourth priest,' and from the parallel passagein the inscriptionof Soras we learnthat; of Hathor of Dendereh' has to be supplied. To this closer circle of deities of Denderehalso belongs Harsomtusawho was worshippedas a son of :ESathor (his special sanctuaryof hst was situated in the immediatevicinity) and the 'sanctuaries of the sull-gods( ?) in Dendereh' which otherwiseare unknownto me. The only place outside of Dendereh,in which we are certain that our official held a priestly office,was Edfu, ca. 170 kilometersto the south, where he was priest of ;IIorus who wields the lance' and wherehe held anotheroflice the meaning of which evadesme. Finally he was priest of one or two gods which,unfortunately,I am unable to identify, and whichhaveno counterpartsin the parallelinscriptions.The firstone is perhapsThot who appearsamong the deities worshippedwith Hathorin her temple at Dendereh. The sign following is unknownamong Egyptian hieroglyphs, and among the places of Thot worship63 noIle showsan approsimatelysimilarwriting. The sign in itself might be a variant of that of the god XIin,but about his worshipat Denderehnothing is known. Althoughthis last questionmust be left open, it is obviousthat the officialof the Philadelphia statue, so far as his priestly functions went, was closely connectedonly with the temple of Dendereh. ELisconnectionswith Edfu werevery slight 83

Cf. P. Boylan, Thots the Eermes of Egypt (London,

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A Late Ptolemaic Statue of Bathor from,Her Temple at Dendereh

245

indeed and are sufficientlyexplainedby the close priestsof the templeof Dendereh,as we are accusrelationsbetweenthe temple of IIathor and that tomed to find them on Egyptian temple statues of her son Eorus. If he really was a r^T7Tyos, since the time of the MiddleiEXingdom. his priestlytitles wouldfavorthe assumptionthat the vows Tsruptrvs, the district of which Den- }gs S ^o S + dereh was the metropolis,> was under his superWhetherthesepriestlytitles corresponded XIllViU5%@a7^n8 to any ireportantofficialfunctions in the temple oten&?..t 36g,,, 0D r, it is difficultto say. We lmow that the rpn7yei in Ptolemaic and Roman Egypt often took the p jf , §i o n 5X4$t1/X/s place of the aIleientnomarchs,who always were high priests of the leading nome deity. The title //2Gap///C 1 [> T° 'priest of the great Isis,, the mother of the god,, in ').t-dy, who is worshippedin Dendereh to- ' He says: gether with the gods and goddessesof the birth' O ye great priests of Dendereh, chamber' may indicate that our ofEcialheld a Ye ';godnsfathers and god's treasurers" leadingpositionin the priestlycollegeof Dendereh. who are in ).t-dy, Toward the erld of these priestly titles which All ye veb-priestswho are in their monthly connecttheir bearerwith Egyptiandeities we find ofEce the title ' priest of the berleficentgods and of the Do praise the gOdfor me in the ';great father-lovinNg gods,,'which has servedus abovein house,"when you enter therein, fixing the statue chronologically. Do pronouncemy name in the ';house o£ The real priestly titles were followedby others, the flame,"whenyou performyourofEces the larger part of which have been destroyed at the festival times« They begin with ' scribe of the w'b-priestsof the Do rememberme in the Inidst of the temple arld ( ?) of the secondtemple' and show ;pr-nw at the time of revealing the perhapsthat our official also had a function i face of the goddess? the administrationof the temple, Following this long array of titles, and preceding the word dd.f ' he says,' which introduces If our oflicial addresses the '; great priests the official'saddressto the priests of Dendereh, (Eqn.w;-ntr) of Dendereh," " the god's fathers once 6toodhis name. Most unfortunately,it has and gOd'streasurerswithin t) . t-dy" and all ';unbbeenalmostentirelyobliterated-not a single sign priests" duringtheir monthlydutiesin the temple, am I able to identify with certainty. It was fol- his intention seems to be to mention the entire lowed by ' son [of],>'and then by the title imy-r priestly personllelin the Hathor temple o£ Denmst, 'commanderof the army,'which father and dereh. In the folloving optativeshe distinguishes son had in common. WVhether the following sign three differentplaces within the temple at which belongsto the title ('the victoriousarmy?) or he wants to be remembered:the "great house'> begins the propername?I am unable to say. It (r-wr), that is the sanctum sanctorum, the wouldbe temptingto assumethat the namebegar " houseof the flame,) and the " pr-nw " (however with p>-sry. WVhat follows is entirely destroyed. A supplementationto p'-sry-n-k'y might make 66 For sdwty ( )-ntr as a priestly title cf. Wb. 5 B38. our official identical with the zrr,oar7yyos Woras, 66 For this writirlg of ibd cf. Junker, (Iramm., p. 144. who has so many titles in common,bllt the traces 67 Cf. Annales 16 ( pillar ): dm . tn rn.y m b'h ,s ) t wr.t. on our statue do not seem to fit.

{ELitod>2=F066

vision.64

0sTo the determinativd of k'.t I know of no parallel.

2. Addressof the Offiicialto the Priests of Dendereh This enumerationof the titles of our officialiB followed by a poetically worded address to the e4

Cf. l)aressy, Annales 18, 186; Spiegelberg ]. Z. 57

The text of Annales 16 (pillar) has instead C§t. This s reveaIing' of the goddess is sho Mariette II, pl. 64a.-After the gap the inscription switches over to the Ieft side of the pillar. 70Read m mn.t n.t r' nb and cf. AnnaZes lf; (piIIar): e9

S

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and Sethe, t7rk. II 67 3.

2

.

.

X

t

246

aS.L RANEE:

2

80

The' EXa great unD.cS princes ^ In D (hzty t sq 11 . w-' 1 *Iwr. t w) * andthe

A Late Ptolemaic Statue of Bathor from Ber Templeat Dendereh

this third one may have to be translated) which are knowi as side chapels of the 'great house' n tenclerez. On the other hand, there is a distinctionas to the time in the dependentclauses, which follow the three optatives: praisethe god for me-when you enter; pronouncemy namwhen you officiate at the festivals; remembermc at the festival of revealingthe face of the goddess. The arrangement seems to lead up to a climax. Ee wants to be rememberedat all times, from the momentat whichthe priests enter the temple to the moment when they see the face of the goddess in her innermostsanctuary. The rhythmicalform of the brief strophewith its 3x 2 half verses is perfectly clear, and it is also clear that these half versesdo not containan identical number of stresses. The loose rhythm reminds us of that of Ooptic religious poetry.72 :Fora restorationof the last gap I have no suggestion to offer. 3. Speech of {he Prtests of DendVereh, addGressed to the 0,17icio1

The inscriptioncomesto an end with a speech of the representativesof the temple of Dendereh, addressedto our official,to which I know of no Egyptian parallel. From it we must hope to get an explanationof the fact that the statue thus inscribedrepresentsnot a man but a woman.

priests (hm.w-ntr) in Dendereh,the chief lector priest in the place of inebriation>88 the hry-sstD of the purificationof the god (tb.w-ntr)>who has accessto the sacredplace, they said all together: v It is you ( ?), C)pious one [ . . . ] It is [Hathor] the lady of Dendereh,the mistress of all the gods, the eye o£ Re- there is no other one besideher. The great Isis, the lady of t'.f-dy-the only one, the like of whorndoes not exist, AxldEorus of Edfu, the great god, lord of the 7S Cf. Mariette, IV 17, where a h'ty-' ?n ht and a h'ty-' wr are seen in action behind the priest mentioned in n. 74. Cf. also Annales 17, 90. 74 A

priest with the title t carrying two shrines in Mariette, IV 17. The title hry-sst) 'bw ntr occurs also at Akhmim: see Ahmed Bey Kamal, op. cit. 22074 (p. 70), 1. 12, and 22095 (p. 85), 1. 6. 76 Cf. qesW nmt.t (m) bw dsr, Wreszinski, op. cit. 105, 1. 2, 3 ,gnv7o and w'b m pr Pth, ibid. p. 109, 1.3 (both of the Ptolemaic period). 76For dmd(.to) m sp see VVb.5, 459 IIb 6. For the writing of dmd see Anncales17, 93. 77 For 'k'-zb " sincere " cf. Junker, A.Z. 43, 110. 78 That the name of Hathor has to be restored is clear from the epithets following. Cf. i8

Been

S1Q as the ofiicial title of Hathor of Dendereh, ibid., 1. 3. 79Cf. Mariette, III 75a: vn.

o On

bst.Ss:r ;gt1

Ain

ti

e

z Cg=tc;;gw> t z At86to6aft

40

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