A/L ICT Competency 1.2 & 1.3

Nju;rr ; p 1.2 & 1.3:

jfty; rhuk;r khjphp (Abstract Model of Information)

jutpid jftyhf;ff; $ba nraw;ghlhdJ gpd;;tUk; eilKiwf;F cl;gLj;jg;gLk;. 1. juTfs; cs;sPlhf toq;fg;gLk; 2. mj;juTfs; epidtfj;jpy; Nrkpf;fg;gLk;. 3. mj;juTfs; nrad;Kiwg;gLj;jg;gLk; (jftyhf khw;wg;gLk;) 4. jfty; jw;fhypfkhf epidtfj;jpy; Nrkpf;fg;gl;L ntspaPlhf toq;fg;gLk;. Nkw;$wg;;gl;l eilKiwfshdJ gpdtUkhW gl cUtpy; fhl;lg;gLk; juT

nrad;Kiw

jfty;

tpdh 1. juTfis jfty;fshf ngw;Wf; nfhs;sf; $ba re;ju;g;gq;fs; 5 jUf? 2. “jfty;fs; juTfshfTk; gad;gLj;jg;gLk;” ,f;$w;iw Vw;Wf; nfhs;fpd;wuP ;fsh? cjhuzk; %yk; tpsf;Ff. juTfis jfty;fshf khw;Wk; nraw;ghlhdJ gpd;tUk; mbg;gilfspy; ,lk;ngWk; 1. ifahy; jutpid ifahYjy; (Manual Data Processing) 2. ,yj;jpudpay; cgfuzq;fis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L jutpidf; ifahYjy; (Electronic Based Data Processing)

ifahy; jutpidf; ifahYjy; (Manual Data Processing) ,J kdpj Kaw;rp> mtdJ cjtp vd;gtw;wpd; %yk; kdpjdhy; mtdJ if> Ngdh, jhs; rpe;jid kw;Wk; guk;gupa Kiwfis gpuNahfpj;J jfty;fspid ifahStij ,J Fwpf;Fk;.

cjhuzk;: E}yf mq;fj;Jt ml;ilfspid ifahYjy;. ghlrhiy khztH ,lhg;G khztH Gs;sp gjpNtL     

,t;thW juT> jfty;fspid ifahy; ifahYtfdhy; gpd;tUk; gpur;rpidfs; vjpHNehf;fg;gLfpd;wd. Ntfk; FiwT ek;gfj; jd;ik FiwT gpio tuf; $ba tha;g;G mjpfk; jutpid Nrkpj;J itg;gjpy; ghJfhg;gpd;ik juT> jfty;fspid Nrfhpg;gJ fbdk;

Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l FiwghLfis epgHj;jpf;Fk; tifapy; fzdpia mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l jfty; ifahSjy; nraw;gLfpd;wJ.

,yj;jpudpay; cgfuzq;fis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l juT> jfty; ifahYjy; (Eletronic Base Data processing) ,yj;jpudpay; njhopy; El;gj;ij my;yJ fzdp, fzdp rhu; cgfuzq;fspd; cjtpAld; juTfspid ifahy;tjpid ,J FwpfpFk;. cjhuzk;: Telephone billing epfo; Neu guPl;ir KbTfs;

tpdh ifahy; juTfspid ifahYjy; kw;Wk; ,yj;jpudpay; cgfuzq;fis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L juTfis ifahYjypy; vJ rpwe;jJ? fhuzq;fisj; jUf.

jfty; njhopy; El;gk; kw;Wk; njhlh;ghly; njhopy;El;gj;jpd; ,izT jfty;> njhlHghly; njhopy; El;gkhdJ ,iza kw;Wk; njhiyj;njhlHghly; fUtpfspd; gad;ghl;bdhy; ,d;W xU ICT JiwahdJ caHe;j ,lj;jpy; ,Uf;fpdpwJ.

,izak; (Internet)  ,izak; vd;gJ tiyaikg;Gf;fspd; tiyaikg;ghFk;. ,J fzdpfspd; ngUk; ,izg;ghFk;. ,jid ahUk; nrhe;jk; nfhz;lhl KbahJ.  NkYk; ,jd; %yk; njhlHghly;fs;fis Nkw;nfhs;sTk; kw;Wk; tsq;fis gq;fPl;L nfhs;s KbAk;.

1|ILM.Irfan

A/L ICT||Competency 1.2&1.3

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 ,e;j ,izakhdJ Rje;jpukhd LAN kw;Wk; WAN fis ,izg;gjD}lhf ghhpa tiyaikg;gpid cUthf;Ftjd; %yk; ,izak; Njhw;wk; ngWfpd;wJ.

,izaj;jpd; tuyhW    

    

tiyaikg;gpd; tuyhW 1950 fspy; fzdpfspd; cUthf;fj;Jld; Muk;gkhfpd;wJ. 1960-1970 fhyfl;lj;jpy; ARPANET (Advanced Research Project Association Network) vDk; nghl;ly; epiykhw;wy; Nritfis (Packet Switching Services) gad;gLj;jf;$ba tiyaikg;G Njhw;wk; ngw;wJ. 1980 fhyfl;lNk ,d;iwa ,izaj;jpd; Muk;gfhykhf fUjg;gLfpd;wJ ,f;fhyj;jpy; ,iza newpKiwfshd TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol) xOq;fhf khjpupg;gLj;jg;gl;L ntspf;fzdpfis ARPANET fzdpfSld; njhlu;G gLj;jp cyfshtpa ,iza vz;zf;fU Njhw;wk; ngw;wJ. ,jd; gpd;du; 1989 fhyfl;lj;jpy; Tim Burners Lee vd;gtuhy; www (world wide web) mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ ,f;fhyfl;lj;jpy; tu;j;jf ,iza Nrit toq;Fdu;fs; (Internet Service Providers) njhopw;gl Muk;gpj;jdu; mjd; gpd;du; www f;F cjtpaspf;ff; $ba URL – Universal Resource Locator kw;Wk; http – Hyper Text Transfer Protocol kw;Wk; HTML – Hyper Text Markup Language vd;gd mwpKfk; nra;ag;gl;lJ. ,tw;wpd; mwpKfj;jpd; gpd;du; ,iza NritahdJ xU rpwe;j ,lj;jpw;F ,l;Lr;nry;yg;gl;lJ 1990 fhyfl;lj;jpy; ,izag;gad;ghLk; ghtidAk; kpfj;Jupjkhf tsu Muk;gpj;jJ ,jw;fhd gpujhd fhuzq;fshf gpd;tUtdtw;iw $wyhk; o ahUk; ,izaj;Jld; ,yFthf ,izaf;$bajhf ,Uf;fpd;wik o ahUk; ,yFthf ,izaj;jsk; tbtikf;ff; $bajhf ,Uf;fpd;wik o ,izakhdJ ve;j mur, nghJ, jdpahu; epWtdq;fspd; fl;Lg;ghL ,d;wp ,aq;fpaik o ,d;W ,izak; kpfg; ngUk; tiyaikg;ghf Njhw;wk; ngw;wpUg;gNjhL gy;NtWgl;l NritfisAk; toq;Ffpd;wJ.

www www MdJ ,izak; %yk; njhiytpyhd fzdpapypUe;J jfty;fis ngw;Wf;nfhs;tjw;fhf ,izaj;jpdhy; toq;fg;gLk;. xU NritahFk;. ,d;W ,izaj;jpy; vz;zw;w ,iza servers gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd> ,it xU Nru www vd miof;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

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A/L ICT||Competency 1.2&1.3

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