A History of Political Thought

PRESENTED BY :

TITLE

WRITTEN BY: Subrata Mukherjee Sushila Ramaswamy ANURAG JAIN PGFM/11/012

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About The Author…….

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SUBRATA MUKHERJEE 1. Mukherjee is Professor and Head, Department of Political Science, University of Delhi. 2. Ph.D. from Indiana University. 3. Member of :• IPSA • ASRC • Indian Political Association

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SUSHILA RAMASWAMY Ramaswamy is with the Department of Political Science, Jesus and Marry College, University of Delhi.

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About The Book…….

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The Book tells about issues of political discourse like…….     

Power Art and science of leadership Factors of stability Change and conversion Relationship between ethics, politics and economics  Role of women in society ANURAG JAIN PGFM/11/012

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THINKERS…….

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1. Plato 2. Aristotle 3. Niccolo Machiavelli 4. Thomas Hobbes 5. John Locke 6. Jean Jacques Rousseau 7. Edmund Burke 8. Jeremy Bentham 9. George Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel 10.John Stuart Mill 11.Karl Marx ANURAG JAIN PGFM/11/012

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WHAT IS POLITICAL THEORY A personal endeavor to understand and experience the present political reality and also to evolve a mechanism in order to transcend the present imperfect society to perfection and a more just order.

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It Includes studies of…… • • • • •

Evolution Nature Composition Need Understanding of human perception

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About the Thinkers and their Thinking……..

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THINKERS ISSUES

THOMAS HOBBES

JOHN LOCKE

1.) HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

Premature Birth at the time of CIVIL WAR on the street

Birth at the time of Unsettled childhood, Glorious/bloodless poor family, no revolution education. (Constitutional monarchy in place of absolute monarchy)

“I AND FEAR ARE TWINS”

2.) HUMAN NATURE

Selfish, brutal, cruel

Good, peaceful, cooperative

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JEAN JACQUES ROUSSEAU

Innocent (not good and not bad)

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3.) STATE OF NATURE

Anarchy

Peaceful

Pre-property stage – Hunter Post-property stage – Anarchy

4.) NATURE OF CONTRACT

Hypothetical

Historical

Hypothetical

5.) OBJECTIVE OF CONTRACT

Preservation of life

Nature right – • life • liberty • property

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6.) STAGE OF CONTRACT

One

Two

One

7.) NATURE OF GOVERNMENT

Absolute leviathan

Limited

Absolute • force freedom • headless leviathan

8.) ISSUE OF SECULARISM

On the basis of : • religion – secular •Number – not tolerant

Secular and tolerant Secular but not tolerant

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9.) ISSUE OF DEMOCRACY

1st individual but not democratic

Over democratic

Democratic to some aspect

10.) RIGHT TO REVOLT

If government does not protect your life then do revolt

Appeal to heaven (right to revolt)

If do not follow general rule (YES)

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CONCLUSION

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Circumstances make perception of individual

Individual wants to change the things around him/her according to his/her perception

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THANK YOU

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