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Instrumentation Engineer July 2013
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
pmrsufESmtñTef; taMumif;t&m pma&;ol&JU oabmxm; tjrif tcef; (1) PLC jzpfay:vmyHktaMumif;/ tcef; (2) PLC udk jcHKiHkavYvmoHk;oyfjcif;/ Size of PLC PLC Architecture Today’s PLC applications
tcef; (3) PLC eJY
control vkyfyHk taMumif;/ PLC Hardware PLC System PLC wdkif;rSmyg0ifwJh tajccHtydkif; 5 ykdif; Power Supply ykdif; CPU ykdif; Memory ykdif; I/O Image Memory Input Interface Output Interface (1) Relay Output (2) Transistor Output (3) TRIAC Output (SSR Output) PLC Status Indicators and I/O Status Indicators
tcef; (4) PLC ukd wyfqiftoHk;jyKyHktaMumif;/ Advised Installation Practices Grounding (Earthing) Personal Safety PLC ukd vHkNcHKatmifxkyfykd;rI tqihfowfrSwfcsuf/ IP eJY NEMA EIdif;,SOfcsuf/ PLC Specification
pmrsufESm 6 8 18 20 22 24 30 32 34 35 35 36 37 39 43 46 47 48 49 50 52 55 55 57 59 62 63
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
3
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
tcef; (5) PLC Wiring jyKvkyfyHk/ 1/ Power Supply Wiring 2/ Input Wiring 3/ Output Wiring 1) Relay Output 2) Transistor Output 3) Triac Output
tcef; (6) Sink & Source taMumif;/ tcef; (7) Fail- Safe taMumif;/ tcef; (8) PLC rSm oHk;wJh Number System taMumif;/ 1) Decimal Number System (q,fvDpepfjzifha&wGufjcif;) 2) Binary Number System (ESpfvDpepfjzifha&wGufjcif;) 3) Octal Number System (&SpfvDpepfjzifha&wGufjcif;)
vrf; nTef
68 68 70 87 87 89 90 94 102 108 109 110 113
4) Hexadecimal Number System
(q,fhajcmufvDpepfjzifha&wGufjcif;)
114
5) BCD (Binary Coded Decimal) Number System
(q,fvDyHkpHeJY a&;om;xm;wJh ESpfvD pepfjzifh a&wGufjcif;) tcef; (9) Boolean logic taMumif;/ tcef; (10) PLC Program Overview tcef; (11) PLC Basic Programming Example program: 1 WPLSoft_V2.20.07 Software Installation LD eJY User Program a&;NyD;wkdif; Example program: 2 Example program: 3 SS2 Memory Map Logical AND Function Program Logical OR Function Program Dominant-ON, Dominant-OFF OFF-dominant Program ON-dominant Program
115 118 124 128 130 132 145 150 152 157 160 163 171 174 178
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
4
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
tcef; (12)
Scan Cycle taMumif;/ Input Scan Program Scan Output Scan PLC tvkyfvkyfyHkudk vG,fvG,frSwfxm;csif&if
tcef; (13) tcef; (14)
Programming Exercises 1 to 7
PLC xJu Counter taMumif;/ Up Counter Latched Counter Up/Down Counter
tcef; (15) PLC xJu Timer taMumif;/ (1) ON-delay Timer Function (2) OFF-delay Timer Function (3) ON/OFF-delay Timer Function (4) Single Pulse Output (Single Shot Timer) Function (5) Delayed Single Pulse Output Function (6) Pulse Train Output Function (Flashing Output) (7) Timing Extension tcef; (16) Program Summary WPLSoft keyboard shortcuts
tcef; (17)
Periodic Inspection and Preventive Maintenance PLC System Maintenance Troubleshooting the PLC Input Interface Troubleshooting the PLC Output Interface Terminology Reference
vrf; nTef
180 182 183 183 203 210 218 219 221 223 226 232 232 233 234 234 235 236 237 252 253 254 255 257 259 268
aemufqufwJG 269 276
Omron PLC Example Programs Siemens PLC Example Programs
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
5
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
pma&;ol&JU oabmxm; tjrif ,aeYacwf puf½Hk? tvkyf½HkawG rSm Automation System udk toHk;jyK aeMuygw,f/ Automation qkdwmu puf,EÅ&m;awGudk rdrdtvkdqE´&Sdovkd armif;ESifckdif;wJh tvdktavsmuf aqmif&GufapwJh pepf System jzpfygw,f/ Automation System ukd oHk;NyD; ukefypönf; xkwf vkyfwJh tcg? t&nftaoG; taumif;qHk;? xkwfukefypönf; rsm;rsm;udk jrefjref xkwfvkyfEdkifwJh tjyif? vkyf&udkif&wmvnf; vG,fuloufom apygw,f/ Automation System ukd oHk;wJh puf½HkawGrSm Robot wkdY? C.N.C Machine wkdY? PLC wkdYukd wckr[kwfwck oHk;xm;wm awGUMu &ygw,f/ PLC qkdwmu pufrIvufrIvkyfief;oHk; Industrial Computer wpfrsdK; jzpfygw,f/ 'DaeYpuf½HkawGrSm PLC udk wGifwGifus,fus,f toHk;jyKaeMuNyD jzpfygw,f/ puf½Hk topf wnfaqmufawmhr,fqkd&if PLC rygwJh puf½Hkqkdwm r&SdEkdifawmhyg/ puf½Hkykdif&SifawGu PLC taMumif;ukd odxm;cJh&if rdrd&JUvkyfief;rSm tusdK;aus;Zl; ykd rsm;atmif pDrHaqmif&GufEkdifMuygr,f/ puftopfudk 0,f,lwnfaqmufwJh tcg Life Cycle Cost oufomatmif pOf;pm;wGufcsuf&mrSm taxmuftuljzpfapygw,f/ Life Cycle Cost qkdwm 0,f,lp&dwf? wyfqifp&dwf? Program p&dwf? xdef;odrf; p&dwf? tqifhjr§ifhwJh p&dwf eJY pufoufwrf;wavQmuf vnfywfoHk;pGJwJh p&dwf pkpkaygif; jzpfygw,f/ Oyrm? puf½Hkwpfck wnfaxmifawmhr,fqkd&if tJ'DpufrSm PLC ygcJh&if tpuwnf;u a&mif;oleJY 0,folMum; oabmwlnDrI,lwJhtcg? PLC eJY ywfoufNyD; nd§EdIif;&r,fY tcsufawGukd jynhfjynhfpHkpHk odxm; zkdY vkdtyfygw,f/ PLC eJY ywfoufwJh documentation awGxJrSm Ladder Diagram (PLC Progarm) udk azmfjyay;&r,f qdkwmavmufawmh odoifhygw,f/ aemufNyD;awmh PLC udk Password eJY ydwfxm;vkdY &ygw,f/ Password rodcJh&if pufysufvkdYyJjzpfjzpf? pufukd wdk;csJUcsifvkdYyJjzpfjzpf program xJ0ifNyD; jyifcsif&if jyifvkdYr&awmhygbl;/ pufa&mif;wJhol Vendor ukdomtm;ukd;& awmhrSmjzpfygw,f/ 'DtcgrSmtcsdefvnf;ukef? aiGvnf; ykdukefwwf ygw,f/ Program udk Hard Copy (Print) xkwfNyD; tpuwnf;u PLC documentation awGxJrSm ay;xm;cJh&ifawmh em;vnfwwfuRrf;wJholu rl&if; PLC eJYyJ jzpfjzpf? oifhawmf&m PLC wpfrsdK;rsdK;eJYyJ jzpfjzpf program udk ul;a&;NyD; rdrd&JUpufudk qufvuf vnfywfEkdifygw,f/ vuf&SdwnfaqmufNyD;om; bdvyfajrpuf½Hk? tcsdK&nfpuf½Hk? aomufa&oefYpuf½Hk? t&uf (bD,m) puf½Hk? aygifrkefY puf½Hk? pwJh vuf&Sdpuf½Hkwkdif; vkdvkdrSm PLC ukd toHk;jyKxm; Muygw,f/ vuf&Sdwm0efxrf;aqmifaeMuwJhpuf½Hk;rSL;awG?refae*smawG? tif*sifeD,mawG[m PLC eJY qufpyfywfouf aeMu&ygw,f/ PLC taMumif; rSefrSefuefuef awG;qodjrifMuapzkYd 'DpmtkyfrSm a&;om;azmfjy xm; ygw,f/ PLC rygbJeJY Computer rSm PLC program udk a&;NyD; Simulate vkyfMunhfEkdifwJh WPLSoft qkdwJh Software udk tcrJh &,lEkdifwJh Website ukdvnf; azmfjyay;xm;ygw,f/ “The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
6
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
vkyfwwfzkdY? Program a&;wwfzkdY? udkvnf; wqifhNyD;wqifh tao;pdyf a&;om; azmfjyay;xm;ygw,f/ wu,fwrf; PLC ukd avhvmwJhtcg t"du tm;xm; &rSm uawmh PLC udk xkwfvkyfwJh rl&if;ukrÜPD OEM (Original Equipment Manufacture) &JU Specification awG? User Manual awG? Operation Manual awG? Programming Manual awG? yJjzpfygw,f/ tck'DpmtkyfrSm a&;om;azmfjyxm;wmawGuawmh tJ'D Manual awGudkzwf½I avhvm wJhtcgrSm ydkNyD;&Sif;atmif? tvG,fwulem;vnfatmif? oabmaygufatmif taxmuftul jzpfzkdY&nf&G,fNyD;a&;xm;wm jzpfygw,f/ enf;ynm? twwfynm? topfawGudk wwfajrmuf atmif? uRrf;usifydkifEkdifatmif? avhvm&mrSm taxmuftul jzpfapr,fY avhvmenf;? oif,lenf;? awG;enf;wpfckukd ay;csifwJhqE´eJY a&;om;xm;wm jzpfygw,f/ 'DpmtkyfrSm PLC jzpfay:vmyHk? PLC &JU tajccHwnfaqmufyHk? PLC &JU trltusifh? PLC &JU oabmobm0? PLC Program a&;om;enf;? a&;NyD;om; Program udk t"dyÜg,f azmfenf;? Program udk tjypf&SmjyKjyifenf; pwmawGudk em;vnfatmif? vG,fulatmif yHkawG eJY yl;wGJ azmfjyay;xm;ygw,f/ Simulate
'DpmtkyfrSma&;jyxm;wmawGudk zwfNyD;? rSwfom;? pOf;pm;? vufawGYvkyfMunfhzdkY? txl; wdkufwGef;ygw,f/ wdkufwGef;wJhtwdkif; vkyfMunfhMur,f qdk&if? PLC eJY tuRrf;w0if r&Sdao;olawG? PLC eJY rvGJraoG oufqkdif? ywfouf&awmhr,fYolawG? PLC eJY &ifqkdif awGUBuHKae&NyD; PLC taMumif; ususee? (usMueP) **ee? (*CeP) aoaocsmcsm? odcsifaeMuolawG? vQyfppf tif*sifeD,mawG? pdwf0ifpm;olawGtm;vHk;twGuf tusdK;&SdwJhpmtkyf jzpfvdrfhr,fvkdY ,HkMunfygw,f/ tBuHwl? OmPfwl&if? aemufvlompNrJ jzpfwmrkdY? 'DpmtkyfukdzwfNyD; PLC taMumif; ykdaumif;atmif a&;EkdifolawG? rsm;rsm;ay:xGuf vmygapvkdU qkrGeaf umif;awmif;vsuf? oifq&m? jrifq&m? Mum;q&m? tm;vHk;wkdU&JU *kPfaus;Zl;udk &nfrSef;í *g&0jyK OD;ñTwf vkdufygw,f/
U Soe Tint Instrumentation Engineer AGTI (EC) Mandalay 1969
[email protected]
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
7
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
tcef; (1) PLC jzpfay:vmyHktaMumif;/ qkdwm Machine Control eJY Process Control awGrSmoHk;zkdY txl;pDrHxkwfvkyfxm;wJh pufrIvkyfief;oHk;uGefysLwm Industrial Computer wrsdK;jzpfygw,f/ Automation vkdY ac:wJh tvkdtavsmuf xdef;ausmif; armif;ESifwJhpepf Automatic Control System rSm PLC udk oHk;Muygw,f/ Automatic Control System rSm pufrIvkyfief;oHk;puf½kyf Industrial Robot awGudk PLC ray:aygufcifuwnf;u toHk;jyK aeMuNyD jzpfygw,f/ PLC ( Programmable Logic Controller )
Figure 1. pufrIvkyfief;oHk;puf½kyf Unimate Robot
1954 ckESpf? U.S Patent No. 2988237 eJY rSwfyHkwifxm;wJh udk George Devol u wDxGifcJhwmjzpfygw,f/
Unimate vkdY
ac:wJh
Robot
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
8
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
pufrIvkyfief;oHk;puf½kyf Unimate Robot General Motors Corporation &JU armfawmfum;xkwfvkyfwyfqifwJh vrf;aMumif; assembly line ay:rSm spot welding vkyfzkdYeJY oH&nfusdK oGef;avmif;xm;wJh pufypönf;awG? um;udk,fxnfawGudk csDro,fykd;? ykdYaqmif? ae&mcsxm; zkdYtwGuf Unimate Robot ukd 1962 ckESpfrSm pwiftoHk;jyKcJhygw,f/ 1961 ckESpfuwnf;u puúLpuf½Hk eJY a&eHcsufpuf½HkawGrSm Computer ukd toHk;jyKNyD; ukefypönf;awG? xkwfvkyfaeMuNyD jzpfygw,f/ Figure 2.
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
9
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
Figure 3. 1961 ckESpfu IBM 1710 Computer
yHkrSmjyxm;wJh IBM1710 Computer udk oHk;NyD; xkwfukeft&nftaoG; jrifhrm;atmif aqmif&GufcJhMuygw,f/ tJ'Dacwf? tJ'Dtcgu Computer [m yHkrSmawGU&wJhtwdkif; t&G,f tpm; BuD;rm;ygw,f/ tyltat;ajymif;vJwJh'Pfukdvnf; rcHEdkifygbl;/ zHk0ifvkdYr&ygbl;/ 'gaMumifh Computer udk yHk (Figure 4) rSm jyxm;wJhtwkdif; txl;pDrHjyKvkyf xm;wJh tcef;? Computer Room xJrSm xm;&ygw,f/
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
10
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
Figure 4. Computer Room
'DtcuftcJawGukd ausmfvTm;EkdifzkdY? Computer awGxuf tMurf;cHNyD; puf½Hk? tvkyf½Hk awG&JUobm0ywf0ef;usifrSm aumif;aumif;tvkyfvkyfEkdifwJh PLC udk wDxGifzkdY BudK;pm;vmMu ygw,f/ tJ'Dvkd BudK;pm;MuolawGxJu PLC udk atmifjrifatmif taumiftxnf azmfEkdifNyD; vufawGUtoHk;csvkdY&wJh Modicon 084 vkdY emrnfay;xm; wJh PLC udk Richard Morley u pwifxkwfvkyfcJhygw,f/ Richard Morley udk Dick Morley vkdYvnf; ac:Mu ygw,f/ olUukd Father of PLC vkdY todtrSwfjyKMuygw,f/
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
11
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
Figure 5a. Richard Morley [ Father of PLC ]
Figure 5b. Historical photo showing from left to right: Dick Morley, Tom Boissevain, Modicon 084 PLC, George Schwenk, and Jonas Landau.
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
12
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
Figure 6. 1968 ckESpfu xkwfvkyfwJh Modicon 084 PLC
yxrqHk; xkwfvkyfwJh PLC udk Modicon 084 vkdY trnfay;&wmuawmh Associates &JU 84 ck?ajrmuf Project jzpfvkdY jzpfygw,f/
Bedford
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
13
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
PLC ukdxkwfvkyfzkdY
tNydKifBudK;pm;MuwJh ukrÜPD av;ck &Sdygw,f/ tJ'D ukrÜPDawGuawmh 1/ Information Instruments, Inc. (aemuf 1ESpfMumwJhtcg Allen Bradley &JU tykdif jzpfoGm;ygw,f) 2/ Digital Equipment Corp (DEC) 3/ Century Detroit eJY 4/ Bedford Associates wkdY jzpfMuygw,f/ Bedford Associates &JU
tif*sifeD,mwpfOD;jzpfwJh Richard Morley [m PLC rSm yg& r,fh tcsuftvuf tao;pdyfudk 1968 ckESpf? Zefe0g&Dv? 1&ufaeY? rSm tNyD;owfa&;qGJ owfrSwf EkdifcJhygw,f/ olU&JU U.S Patent No. u 3761893 jzpfygw,f/ Bedford Associates &JU tif*sifeD,mrsm;jzpfMuwJh 1/ Richard Morley 2/ Mike Greenberg 3/ Jonas Landau 4/ George Schwenk eJY 5/ Tom Boissevain wkdY ig;OD;[m PLC xkwfvkyfzkdYtwGuf Modicon
qkdwJh ukrÜPD
topfudk wnfaxmifcJhygw,f/ Modicon qkdwJhemrnfuawmh Modular Digital Controller vkdY t"dyÜg,f&ygw,f/ Modular type PLC xkwfvkyfzkdY&nf&G,f BudK;pm;tm;xkwfcJhMuwm jzpfygw,f/ vkyfaqmifcsuf Function wpfrsdK;udk Unit wpfck? Board wpfck? Module wpfck? tjzpf wnfaqmufxm;cJh&if ysufvkdYjyif&wJhtcgrSm ysufwJh module ukdom topfeJY tpm;xkd;vJvS,f &wmjzpfvkdY vG,ful
ygw,f/ tcsdefukefoufomygw,f/ armfawmfum;xkwfvkyfwJh General Motors Corporation u tif*sifeD,mawG[m ESpfpOf armfawmfum; Model ajymif;vJxkwfvkyfwJhtcgwkdif; awGUBuHKaeMu&wJh tcuftcJukd ajyvnfzkdY enf;vrf;&SmazGaeMuygw,f/ tJ'Dtcgu Automation system udk relay logic eJY wnfaqmufMuygw,f/ ta&twGuf&meJYcsDNyD;yg0ifwJh relay awGudk armfawmfum; armf',f topf ajymif;wkdif; 0g,mqufoG,frItopf jyefvkyf&ygw,f/ tJ'DtwGuf vkyf&ukdif&wmcufcJNyD; tifrwef tcsdefukefygw,f/ vkyf&ukdif&wm vG,fulNyD; 'DxufoufomwJh enf;vrf;udk &SmBuHaeMuwJh tcsdefrSm Bedford Associates u PLC udk xkwfvkyfawmhr,fqkdwmudk Mum;awmh 0,fcsifwJhtaMumif; General Motors u p wif urf;vSrf;vmygw,f/ “The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
14
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
yxrtokwftjzpf a':vm 1oef;zkd;0,f,lzkdY oabmwlnDrI&Muygw,f/ yxrqHk; PLC jzpfwJh Modicon 084 udk 1969 ckESpf Ekd0ifbmvrSm General Motors u pwifvufcH&&Sd toHk;jyKcJhygw,f/ oHk;&wmtqifajyvkdY aemufxyf a':vm 1oef;zkd;ukd General Motors u xyfrH 0,f,ljyefygw,f/ PLC rlykdifcGifh OEM (Original Equipement Manufacturer) ukdvnf; General Motors u &,loGm;ygw,f/ 1977 ckESpfrSm Modicon ukd Gould Electronics u vTJajymif;&,lNyD; PLC ukd qufvuf xkwfvkyfygw,f/ tJ'Daemuf *smrefukrÜPD wpfckjzpfwJh AEG u Modicon udk qufvuf vTJajymif;&,lygw,f/ 1997 ckESpfrSm Modicon ukd jyifopfukrÜPD wpfckjzpfwJh Schneider Electric u qufvuf vTJajymif;&,ljyefygw,f/ Modicon &JU OEM u ,aeYtcsdefxd Schneider jzpfae ygw,f/
Figure 7. 1973 ckESpfu xkwfvkyfwJh Modicon 184 PLC
1973 ckESpfrSm Michael Greenberg u yHkpHxkwfwJh Modicon 184 ukd xyfrH xkwfvkyfcJhygw,f/ 1975 ckESpfrSm Modicon 284 ukd microprocessor oHk;NyD; xkwfvkyfcJhygw,f/ “The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
15
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
rSmwHk;u logic function yJ ygygw,f/ aemufykdif;xkwfwJh PLC awG usrS ocFsmwGufcsufrIjzpfwJh taygif;? tEkwf? tajr§muf? tpm;? ukd xyfxnhfygw,f/ tJ'DaemufrSm Subroutine udkxyfxnhfygw,f/ 1970 ckESpf? ESpfv,frSmxkwfvkyfwJh PLC rSm MIPS processor (MIPS : Microprocessor without Interlocked Pipeline Stages) ESpfvHk;ukd oHk;xm;ygw,f/ Memory u 128 kilo bytes &Sdygw,f/ tJ'Dacwf tJ'Dtcg rSmawmh xl;jcm;aumif;rGefwJh t&nftaoG;jzpfygw,f/ 1971 ckESpfrSm Allen Bradley u olU&JU yxrOD;qHk; PLC jzpfwJh Bulletin 1774 ukd xkwfvkyf ygw,f/ Modicon 084
Figure 8.
1971 ckESpfu xkwfvkyfwJh Allen Bradley &JU yxrqHk; PLC, Bulletin 1774
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
16
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
1977 ckESpfrSmxkwfvkyfwJh Allen Bradley PLC rSm 8080 microprocessor udk pwif toHk;jyKcJhygw,f/ PLC udk pwifxkwfvkyfpOftcgu PC (Programmable Controller) vkdY ac:wGif cJhMuygw,f/ 1980 ckESpf Personal Computer awG toHk; wGifus,fvmwJh tcgrSm PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) vkdY ajymif;vJ ac:a0:vmMuygw,f/ PLC qkdwm Allen Bradley u ay;cJhwJh emrnfjzpfygw,f/ 1985 ckESpfrSm Rockwell Automation u Allen Bradley ukd 0,f,lvkdufwJhtwGuf tcktcgrSm PLC [m Rockwell Automation &JU Trade Mark jzpfaeygw,f/
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
17
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
tcef; (2) PLC udk NcHKiHkavYvmoHk;oyfjcif;/ PLC qkdwmudk wkdwkd&Sif;&Sif;ajym&&if pufrIvkyfief;awGrSm oHk;zkdY txl;wDxGifxm;wJh Industrial Computer wpfrsdK; jzpfygw,f/ Relay Control System eJY aqmif&GufcJhwJh vkyfief; awGukd Relay udk,fpm;? aqmif&GufzkdY &nf&G,fNyD; PLC ukd pwif wDxGifcJhMuwm jzpfygw,f/ Relay system rSm toHk;jyKcJhwJh sensor awG? actuator awGudk qufoG,fwwfqifzkdY t0ifikwf Input Terminals awG? txGufikwf Output Terminals awG? PLC rSm yg&SdMuygw,f/ vQyfppform;awG tvG,fwul avhvmoif,lEdkifwJh Ladder Diagram Programming Language (LD) eJY Program a&;NyD; ckdif;vkdY&atmif PLC udk wnfaqmuf xm;ygw,f/
Relay awG u k d t oH k ; jyKNyD ; zG J U pnf ; xm;wJ h control system zGJUpnf;xm;wJh control system wYkdudk EIdif;,SOf Munhfr,fqkd&if?
eJY PLC udktoHk;jyKNyD;
rSm 0g,mqufoG,frI wiring vkyfzkdY uRrf;usifrItxl; vkdtyfygw,f/ pepfwusavhusifhxm;wJh engineer awG? technician awGu tcsdefMumjrifhpGm aqmif &GufMu&ygw,f/ qufoG,frIwpHkw&m rSm;,Gif;cJh&ifvnf; trSm;ukd&Sm&wm Mumyg w,f? cufygw,f? vuf0ifygw,f/ PLC System rSm wiring vkyf&wm vG,fulygw,f/ Input Terminal u oyfoyf? Output Terminal u oyfoyf? ae&mcGJxm;ygw,f/ Input eJY Output udk PLC program u qufoG,fay;wmjzpfygw,f/ Sensor wpfckudk Input terminal u ikwf point wpfckeJY quf&ygw,f/ aemuf ikwf point wpfckeJY aemuf sensor wpfckudk quf&wm jzpfygw,f/ wpfckukd wpfckcsif;pD quf&wmjzpfvkdY wiring vkyf&wm vG,fulygw,f/ jrefqefygw,f/ rSm;qufrd&ifvnf; trSm;udk&SmNyD;jyif&wm jrefyg w,f/ Relay System udk toHk;jyKNyD; xkwfukefypönf; wyfqif xkwfvkyfwJhtcg ypönf; trsdK;tpm; Model ajymif;vJxkwfvkyfwkdif; wiring topfvkyf&wm cufcJNyD; tcsdef Mumygw,f/ uRrf;usifrIvnf; txl;vkdtyfygw,f/ PLC System udk oHk;vkdufwJhtcgrSmawmh xkwfvkyfrIyHkpH model ajymif; csif&if PLC program ukd ajymif;a&;vkduf½HkeJY NyD;oGm;ygw,f/ qufoG,fxm;NyD;om; 0g,mawGudk jzKwfp&m? jyifqufp&m? rvdkygbl;/ Wire topfxyfrH qufoG,fcsif&ifvnf; tvG,fwul xyfwkd;vkdY &ygw,f/ tcsdefukef oufomygw,f/
#1 Relay System
#2
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
18
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
rSm pufwpfvHk; twGuf relay panel wpfck vdktyfygw,f/ rsdK;wlpuf ESpfvHk; twGuf relay panel ESpfckrSm wiring ESpfcg vkyf&ygw,f/ Panel wiring vkyfwkdif; rSm;Ekdifygw,f/ tcsdef ESpfq Mumygw,f/ PLC system rSmawmh pufwpfvHk;rSm PLC wpfck wyfqif&ygw,f/ puf ESpfvHk; twGuf PLC ESpfck oHk;xm;&ayr,hf PLC program wpfckudk a&;xm;NyD;&if rsdK;wlpuf tvHk;aygif;rsm;pGmtwGuf tJ'D program udkyJ PLC awGxJrSm a&;xnhfwm download udk vkyfvkduf½HkyJjzpfygw,f/ tifrwef vG,fulygw,f/ tcsdefukefrsm;pGm oufomyg w,f/ tckacwfrSmxkwfvkyfMuwJh PLC awG&JU pGrf;aqmifEkdifrIu tifrwefjrihfrm;aeNyD jzpfygw,f/ tjcm; control system awGeJY? PLC eJY? qufoG,fajymqkdrI communicate vkyfEkdif MuNyD jzpfygw,f/ ukefxkwfvkyfrI tpD&ifcHpm production report awG? vkyfief;pDrH aqmif&Guf rI scheduling production awG? rSm;wJhae&mudk xkwfazmfjywJh error report awG? apmifhMuyf Munhf½IrI self diagnosis awGudk PLC u vkyfukdifaqmif&GufEkdifMuNyDjzpfygw,f/ PLC eJY control vkyfxm;wJh ukefxkwfvkyfief;pOf&JU jzpfay:ajymif;vJrIukd aeY&uf? tcsdef? em&D? eJYwuG aemufaMumif;jyef ajc&maumufMunhfvkdY &Ekdifygw,f/ BudKwifpDrH umuG,fxdef;odrf;rI Preventive Maintenance twGuf ta&;ygwJh tcsuftvuf data awG udk PLC system u &,lpkaqmif;ay;Ekdifygw,f/ PLC eJY HMI ukd qufoG,fNyD; PLC u vwfwavmaqmif&GufaewJh tajctaeawGukd ½kyfyHkawG? Z,m;awG? eJY HMI ay:rSm azmfjy Ekdifygw,f/ HMI ay:rSm zefwD;a&;qGJxm;wJh softbutton awGudk oHk;NyD; PLC &JU program xJu setting awGudk ajymif;vJvkdY &ygw,f/ HMI (Human Machine Interface) ukd Operator Interface vkdYvnf; ac:ygw,f/ MMI (Man Machine Interface) vkdYvnf; ac:ygw,f/ SCADA (Supervisory Control And Data Aquisition) eJY DCS (Distributed Control System) awGvkd tqifhjrifhwJh control system awGtxd wufvSrf;EkdifzkdYtwGuf tajccHaumif; awG&Sdxm;zkdY vkdtyfygw,f/ PLC ukd Computer tjzpf ½IjrifNyD;avhvmrSom tajccHaumif; awG &&SdvmrSmjzpfygw,f/ PLC twGuf tajccHtkwfjrpfaumif;jzpfatmif 'DpmtkyfrSm BudK; pm;NyD;a&;om;azmfjyxm;ygw,f/ PLC vrf;ñTef A Guide to PLC vkdY 'Dpmtkyfudk emrnfay; xm;wJhtwkdif; enf;ay;vrf;ñTefjyrSm jzpfygw,f/ PLC ukd tckrS pwif avhvmr,hf olawGtwGuf &nf&G,fNyD;vG,fatmif? &Sif;atmif a&;om;xm;ygw,f/ #3 Relay system
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
19
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
rSm ESpfrsdK; ESpfpm;&Sdygw,f/ 1 / Modular PLC trsdK;tpm;eJY 2 / Compact PLC trsdK;tpm;wkdY jzpfMuygw,f/
PLC
1/
Modular PLC qkdwmu power supply module u wpfck? memory yg0ifwJh CPU module u wpfck? Input module u wpfck? Output module u wpfck? tJ'D wpfckcsif;pDjzpfwJh module awGudk atmufcHjym; backplane ay:rSm wwfqifvkdufawmhrS PLC wpfvHk; jzpfvm
ygw,f/
2 /
qkdwmuawmh tJ'D module wpfckcsif;pD&JU function awGtm;vHk; yg0ifatmif pkpnf;NyD; yHk;cGH enclosure wpfckxJrSm xnhfoGif;wnfaqmufxm;wJh PLC rsdK;jzpf ygw,f/ Compact PLC ukd Integrated PLC, Micro PLC, Monolithic PLC, All in one PLC vkdYvnf; ac:Muygw,f/ PLC rSmyg&SdwJh Input eJY Output ukd aygif;NyD; I/O vkdY ac:ygw,f/ PLC &JU size tBuD; tao;ukd I/O ta&twGufeJY owfrSwfygw,f/ PLC taMumif;a&;om;azmfjywJh catalog pmtkyfawGrSm input (I) eJY output (O) ukd waygif;wnf;a&wGufxm;wJh I/O ta&twGufudk azmfjyavh&Sdygw,f/ Oyrm? input 8 ckeJY? output 6 ckygwJh PLC ukd I/O 14 ckvkdY PLC &JU size ukd a&;om;azmfjyygw,f/ Compact PLC
Size of PLC &JU t&G,ftpm; tBuD;tao;udk Input eJY Output ESpfckaygif; ta&twGufeJY cGJjcm; owfrSwfMuygw,f/ I/O ta&twGuf 15 ck txdukd Nano PLC I/O ta&twGuf 32 ck txdukd Micro PLC I/O ta&twGuf 128 ck txdudk Small PLC I/O ta&twGuf 1024 ck txdudk Medium PLC I/O ta&twGuf 4096 ck txdukd Large PLC I/O ta&twGuf 8192 ck txdudk Very Large PLC vkdY ac:Muygw,f/ 'DaeY acwfrSmawmh Large PLC eJY Very Large PLC awGukd toHk;rjyKMuawmhygbl;/ Medium size PLC txdukdom Process Control System awGrSm DCS pepf Distributed Control System eJY wGJzufNyD; network csdwfquf toHk;jyKMuygw,f/ toHk;trsm;qHk; uawmh Micro PLC jzpfygw,f/ I/O wkd;csJUvkdY&wJh Micro PLC awGukd Machine Control rSma&m? Process Control rSmyg toHk;jyKMuwmukd awGU&ygw,f/ PLC
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
20
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
Programmable Logic Controller Architecture External Computer
Communication Module
Microprocessor
PLC
Output Module
Input Module
Actuator
Process
Sensor
yHkrSm azmfjyxm;wmu PLC ukd Process control rSm toHk;jyKxm;wJh Function Block yHk jzpfygw,f/ wm0efcGJa0,lrIudk azmfjywmjzpfygw,f/ User Program (Application Program) udk Personal Computer eJY a&;NyD; PLC xJ xnhfxm;&ygw,f/ PLC xJu memory rSm a&;rSwfxm;wmjzpfygw,f/ Input eJY Output ukd tJ'D user program u qufoG,fay;NyD;? PLC &JU Output u Actuator awGudk ckdif;apygw,f/ Process &JU vuf&Sdjzpfay:aewJh tajctaeudk Sensor awGu apmifhMunfhNyD;? PLC ukd owif;ykdYygw,f/ &&SdvmwJh owif; tcsuftvufawGudk toHk;jyKNyD; user program u ckdif;wJhtwkdif; Microprocessor u aqmif &Guf ygw,f/ PLC &JU Input Field Devices awGudkNcHKiHkNyD; Sensors vkdY ac:wmjzpfygw,f/ Sensor qkdwmu physical condition udk electric signal jzpfatmifajymif;ay;wJh device wkdif;udk NcHKac:wmjzpfygw,f/ 'DvkdygyJ PLC &JU Output Field Devices awGukd NcHKiHkNyD; Actuators vkdY ac:ygw,f/ Actuator qkw d mu electric signal udk physical condition jzpfatmif ajymif;ay;wJh device wkdif;udk ac:wmjzpfygw,f/
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
21
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
Programmable Logic Controller Architecture PLC Power Supply Microprocessor + Memory Operator Workstation
PLC
&JU
Communication Module
I/O type
Discrete Input (DI) Module
Discrete Sensor
Analogue Input (AI) Module
Analogue Sensor
Discrete Output (DO) Module
Discrete Actuator
Analogue Output (AO) Module
Analogue Actuator
u ESpfrsdK;ESpfpm; &Sdygw,f/
Discrete I/O eJY Analog I/O wkdY
jzpfMuyg
w,f/ Electric signal
rSm
discrete signal
eJY analog signal qkdNyD;
signal
trsdK;tpm;? ESpfrsdK;
&Sdygw,f/ Discrete signal udk digital signal vkdYvnf; ac:Muygw,f/ Discrete signal qdkwmu signal &SdwJh? taetxm; ON state eJY signal r&SdwJh? tae txm; OFF state qkdwJh tajctae ESpfrsdK;om&SdwJh signal trsdK;tpm;jzpfygw,f/ PLC rSm discrete dc input eJY discrete ac input qkdNyD; discrete input type ESpfrsdK; &Sdygw,f/ Analog signal qkdwmuawmh tjywftawmufr&SdbJ wqufwpyfxJ ajymif;vJaewJh signal rsdK; jzpfygw,f/ PLC rSm toHk;rsm;wJh analog signal awG uawmh 0 to 20 mA dc, 4 to 20 mA dc eJY 0 to 10 Vdc signal awG jzpfMuygw,f/ Analog signal rSm ac signal r&Sdygbl;/ PLC rSm analog ac signal udk roHk;ygbl;/ Discrete input ukd DI vkdY a&;NyD; discrete output udk DO vkdY a&;ygw,f/ Analog input ukd AI vkdY a&;NyD; analog output udk AO vkdY a&;xm;ygw,f/
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
22
OD;pdk;wifh PLC
PLC
eJY qufoG,ftoHk;jyKwJh
Discrete sensor
Pushbuttons, Selector switch, Motor starter contacts, Relay contacts, Thumbwheel switch, Limit switch, Photoelectric eyes, Proximity switches, Liquid level switch, Temperature switch, Pressure switch pwmawG PLC
awGuawmh
jzpfMuygw,f/
eJY qufoG,ftoHk;jyKwJh Discrete actuator awGuawmh Lamps, Alarms, Fans, Horns, buzzers, Control Relays, Magnetic contactors (MC), Solenoid valves (SV), Motor starters,
PLC
vrf; nTef
pwmawG jzpfMuygw,f/
eJY qufoG,ftoHk;jyKwJh Analog sensor awGuawmh Thermocouple (TC), RTD (Resistance Temperature Detector), Pressure Transducer, pwmawG jzpfMuygw,f/ Load Cell
PLC
eJY qufoG,ftoHk;jyKwJh Analog actuator awGuawmh Analog meters, Valve Positioners, Motor Drives (Frequency Inverter), Servo Drives pwmawGjzpfMuygw,f/
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
23
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
'DaeYacwf PLC eJYvkyfaqmifaeMuwJh vkyfief;tcsdKUukd atmufrSmazmfjyvkdufygw,f/
Today’s PLC applications Aluminum making
Assembly machines
Amusement park control
Building automation
Burner control
Car manufacturing plant
Chemical plants
Conveyor systems
Cranes
Electro-plating plants
Factory automation
Food-processing plants
Material handling
Off-shore drilling
Plastic injection molding machines
Packaging machine
Paper and pulp industries
Pick and place robot control
Pump station control
Pipeline pump station control
Plant power system
Precast concrete industries
Semiconductor manufacturing machines
Storage and retrieval systems
Steel mills
Tobacco industries
Tire manufacturing
TV manufacturing plant
Water treatment
Warehouse automation
Modern Control Room
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
24
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
25
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
26
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
27
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
28
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
29
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
tcef; (3) PLC eJY Control vkyfyHk taMumif;/ PLC
eJY
control
vkyfwmESpfrsdK;&Sdygw,f/
Machine control
eJY process control vkdY ac:
ygw,f/ Machine control qkdwmu pufudkxdef;ausmif;ay;wm jzpfygw,f/ ykvif;xJ t&nf jznfhwJhpuf filling machine ukd control vkyfwmrsdK;? ykvif;awGudk 6 ykvif; 1 xkyf? xkyfwJhpuf packaging machine ukd control vkyfwmrsdK;? yvyfpwpfypönf;awG yHkoGif;? xkwfvkyfwJhpuf plastic injection molding machine ukd control vkyfwmrsdK;awGukd machine control vdkY ac:wm jzpfygw,f/ Process control qkdwmrSmygwJh process qdkwmu t&m0w¬Kwpfckudk ½kyfqif; oP²mef tm;jzpfap? physically 'grSr[kwf? "gwkzGJUpnf;yHktm;jzpfap? chemically ajymif;vJ atmif vkyfaqmifwmukd process vkdY ac:ygw,f/ Oyrm? *sHKrIHUukd aygifrkefYjzpfatmifvkyfwm ukdvnf; process vkdY ac:ygw,f/ BuHuae oMum;jzpfatmifvkyfwm ukdvnf; process vkdY ac:ygw,f/ acsmif;a&? jrpfa&ukd oHk;a&? aomufa&jzpfatmifvkyfwm udkvnf; process vkdY ac:ygw,f/ a&&,f? av&,f? obm0 "gwfaiGU&,f oHk;rsdK;udk aygif;pyfNyD; Urea "gwfajrMoZm jzpfatmifvkyfwm ukdvnf; process
vkdY ac:ygw,f/ ukefxkwfenf;pOfvkdY ajymvkdY&r,fxifygw,f/ tJ'Dvkd ukefxkwfvkyf wJh process ukd control vkyfwmukd process control vkdY ac:wmjzpfygw,f/ PLC qkdwm[m Machine control eJY Process control pepfawGrSm oHk;zkdY jyKvkyfxm;wJh Special Computer jzpfygw,f/ ñTefMum;csuf Program awG a&;oGif;NyD; ckdif;apvkdY &wJh Industrial (Computer ) Controller jzpfygw,f/ Control vkyfw,fqkdwm &nfrSef;csuf NyD;ajrmufatmif xdef;ausmif;ay;wm jzpfyg w,f/ xdef;ausmif;wJh tvkyfukd vkyfEkdifzdkY Controller wkdif;ukd power ay;oGif;&ygw,f/ PLC udkvnf; power ay;oGif;&ygw,f/ ñTefMum;xm;wJh ñTefMum;csufawGudk odrf;xm;zkdY PLC rSm memory yg&Sd&ygw,f/ ckdif;xm;wJh ñTefMum;csufawGukd ukdifwG,faqmif&GufwJh A[kduGyfuJa&;ykdif; CPU (central processing unit) vnf; PLC rSm yg&Sd&ygw,f/ Signal t0ifykdif; (input ykdif;) eJY signal txGufykdif; (output ykdif;) wkdYvnf; PLC rSm yg&Sd&ygw,f/
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
30
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
Block diagram of PLC
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
31
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
PLC Hardware
rSm trsdK;tpm; ajrmufjrm;pGm &SdMuygw,f/ b,f &wJh ikwf terminal awG yg&SdMuygw,f/ tJ'gawGuawmh PLC
PLC
rSmyJjzpfjzpf
wire
qufvdkY
Power supply terminal, Input terminal, Output terminal eJY Programming Port wdkY jzpfMuygw,f/ PLC qdkwmu program a&;oGif;xm;rS cdkif;apvdkY&wJh Controller jzpfygw,f/ PLC wpfvHk;udk awGUwJhtcg b,fupNyD; odatmifvkyf&rvJqdkwmudk tvG,frSwv f dkY
&atmif azmfjyygr,f/ PLC qdkwm Computer wpfrsdK;jzpfwmrdkYvdkY w,f/ yxrqHk; avhvm&rSmuawmh
PLC
rSm
hardware
a&m?
software
yg? yg&Sdyg
Power Supply and I/O
vdkY jzpfygw,f/ Power supply &JU type, Power supply &JU size; Input &JU type, Input &JU size; eJY Output &JU type, Output &JU size; wdkY jzpfMuygw,f/ PS & I/O; Type & Size vdkY rSwfxm;yg/ PLC &JU hardware udk avhvmwJhtcg PS & I/O wdkY&JU type eJY size udk odatmif t&if vkyf&rSm jzpfygw,f/ PS &J U type qdkwm tJ'D PLC udk AC power ay;&rSmvm;? DC power ay;&rSmvm;? qdkwmudk cGJjcm;odzdkY ajymwmjzpfygw,f/ PLC &JU Power supply terminal rSm AC voltage ay;&wJh PLC &Sdovdk? DC voltage ay;&wJh PLC vnf; &Sdygw,f/ PS &J U size qdkwmuawmh AC power qdk&if 220V vm;? 100V vm;? DC power qdk&if 24V vm;? qdkwm cGJjcm;odzdkY ajymwm jzpfygw,f/ AC power ay;&wJh PLC awGrSm 100VAC udk power supply tjzpf qufay;&wJh PLC u wpfrsdK;? 220VAC udk power supply tjzpfqufoG,fay;&wJh PLC u wpfrsdK;? 100VAC a&m? 220VAC yg? 2rsdK;pvHk; qufoG,fay;vdkY&wJh PLC u wpfrsdK;? qdkNyD; oHk;rsdK;oHk;pm; &Sdyg w,f/ Type and Size
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
32
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
DC power ay;&wJh PLC rSmawmh 24VDC ay;&wJh PLC u tawGU&trsm;qHk;jzpfygw,f/
udk
power supply
vrf; nTef
tjzpf qufoG,f
I/O qd k w m uawmh PLC &JU Input eJY Output awGudk ajymwm jzpfygw,f/ PLC &JU I/O signal [m Discrete I/O signal eJY Analog I/O signal qdkNyD; type 2rsdK;? &Sdygw,f/ 'gaMumifh Discrete Input vm;? Discrete Output vm;? Analog Input vm;? Analog Output vm;? qdkwmudk cGJjcm;NyD;odatmif t&ifvkyf&ygr,f/ Discrete I/O udk Digital I/O vkdYvnf; ac:Mu
ygw,f/ Discrete Input xJay;oGif;&r,fh signal u AC signal vm;? DC signal vm;? qdkwmu Input &JU type jzpfyg w,f/ AC220V signal vm;? AC100V signal vm;? DC24V signal vm;? qdkwmu Input &JU size jzpfygw,f/ Discrete Output rSxGufvmr,fh signal u Relay Output vm;? TRIAC Output vm;? Transistor Output vm;? qdkwmawGu Output &JU type awGjzpfMuNyD;? Relay &JU Output rating, TRIAC &JU Output rating, Transistor &JU Output rating awGu Output &JU size awG jzpfMuygw,f/ Transistor Output jzpfcJh&if PNP vm;? NPN vm;? cGJjcm;odzdkY vdktyfygw,f/ Sensor awGuay;ydkYwJh signal awGudk? PLC &JU input terminal awGu vufcH&,lygw,f/ Input terminal rSm qufoG,fvdkY&wJh devices awGudk Input Field Devices vdkY ac:ygw,f/ Output terminal rSm qufoG,fvdkY&wJh devices awGudk Output Field Devices vdkY ac:yg w,f/ PLC &JU output terminal u xkwfay;wJh signal awGudk? Output Field Devices awGu vufcH&,lygw,f/ Output Field Devices awGudk Actuators awGvdkYvnf; ac:Muygw,f/
k mu current vm;? voltage vm;? Analog I/O &J U type qdw
cGJjcm;odzdkY jzpfygw,f/ Analog I/O &J U size qdkwmuawmh signal &JU range udk ajymwmjzpfygw,f/ Oyrm? 0 to 20mA, 4 to 20mA, 0 to 5V, 0 to 10V pwJU dc signal awGjzpfMuygw,f/
'DpmtkyfrSm
discrete I/O signal
taMumif;ukdom a&;om;azmfjyrSm jzpfygw,f/
Programming Port uawmh data awG t0iftxGufvkyfwmjzpfvdkY Port vdkY ac:wJh ikwf terminal jzpfygw,f/ PLC xJudk program a&;xnfhwJhtcg? Computer eJY qufoG,f&wJh port jzpfvdkYrdkY Programming Port vdkY ac:wmjzpfygw,f/ Programming cable udk PLC xkwfvkyfwJh OEM qDu? 0,f,ltoHk;jyKMu&ygw,f/ PLC eJY Computer udk Programming cable eJY qufoG,fNyD; PLC xJ a&;xnfhwJh Program udk User Program vdkY ac:ygw,f/ Application Program vdkYvnf; ac:ygw,f/
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
33
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
PLC wdkif;rSmryg&dSbJ? tcsdKU PLC awGrSmom ygavh&SdwJh terminal awGuawmh I/O expansion terminal eJY Communication port wdkY jzpfMuygw,f/ Input eJY Output udk wdk;csJU wwfqifcsif&if I/O expansion port yg&dSrS wdk;csJUwwfqifvdkY &ygw,f/ Communication port uawmh PLC eJY HMI qufoG,fzdkY? PLC tcsif;csif; qufoG,fzdkY? toHk;jyK&wmjzpfygw,f/ PLC awGrSm RS-232 port eJY RS-485 port wdkY ygavh&SdMuygw,f/ ckacwfrSm Ethernet port ygwJh PLC awGudk toHk;jyKaeMuNyD jzpfygw,f/
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
34
OD;pdk;wifh PLC
PLC
vrf; nTef
wdkif;rSmyg0ifwJh tajccHtydkif; 5 ykdif; uawmh yHkrSmjyxm;wJhtwdkif;
(1) Power Supply ykdif;? (2) CPU ykdif;? (3) Memory ykdif;? (4) Input ykdif;? eJY (5) Output ykdif;?wkdY jzpfMuygw,f/ 'Dtydkif; 5ydkif;udk wpfpkwpfpnf;xJ wnfaqmufxm;wJh PLC rsdK;udk Integrated PLC, 'grSr[kwf Compact PLC vdkY ac:ygw,f/ Compact PLC rSm yg&SdwJh Power supply ydkif;? CPU ydkif;? Input ydkif;? pwmawGudk wpfydkif;csif;pD jzKwfvdkY? wyfvdkY? r&ygbl;/ tpdwftydkif; wpfckcsif;pD jzKwfvdkY? wyfvdkY? &wJh PLC rsdK;udk Modular PLC vdkY ac:yg w,f/ Modular PLC qdkwmu Power supply module u wpfck? CPU eJY Memory udk aygif;xm;wJh CPU module u wpfck? Input module u wpfck? Output module u wpfck? 'D 4ck udk atmufcHjym; backplane (baseplate) ay:rSm wyfqifvdkufawmhrS PLC wpfvHk; jzpfvm ygw,f/ Power Supply ykdif; Power Supply ykdif; qkdwmu PLC xJudk tjyifuaeay;oGif;wJh 220VAC 'grSr[kwf 24VDC udk ajymwmr[kwfygbl;/ PLC xJrSm xnfhoGif;wnfaqmufxm;wJh power ykdif;ukd ajymwm jzpfygw,f/ PLC wkdif;ukd vQyfppf"gwftm;ay;oGif;&ygw,f/ AC power ay;oGif;&wJh PLC u wpfrsdK;? DC power ay;oGif;&wJh PLC u wpfrsdK;?
qkdNyD; ESpfrsdK;ESpfpm; &Sdygw,f/ AC power ay;&wJh PLC rSmvnf; 100VAC eJY 220VAC qkdNyD; ESpfrsdK; uGJjym;ygao; w,f/ DC power ay;&wJh PLC rSmawmh 24 VDC ay;&wJh PLC u tawGU&rsm;ygw,f/ jyifyuae AC ay;oGif;onfjzpfap? DC ay;oGif;onfjzpfap? ay;oGif;vkdufwJh vQyfppf power ukd PLC xJrSm&SdwJh CPU wkdY? Memory wdkY?twGuf oifhawmfwJh DC Voltage jzpfatmif PLC xJu Power Supply ykdif;u aqmif&Gufay;ygw,f/ PLC xJudk Power supply terminal uae? pD;0ifwJYvQyfppf current eJY CPU xJ, I/O interface xJ? pD;wJYvQyfppf current wkdYudk woD;wjcm;pDjzpfatmif vkyfay;wJYtvkyf? galvanic isolation udkvnf; Power Supply ykdif;u vkyfay;ygw,f/ 'g[m PLC xJrSmygwJY Power Supply ydkif;&JUtvkyf function 2ck? jzpfygw,f/ “The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
35
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
wu,fvkdY? 100VAC om ay;&r,fh PLC udk rSm;NyD; 220VAC ay;cJhrd&if? 'grSr[kwf 24VDC om ay;&r,fh PLC udk 220VAC rSm;ay;cJhrd&if? PLC xJu Power Supply ykdif;yJ ysufpD;oGm;ygw,f/ CPU wkdY? Memory wkdYukd rxdcdkufrysufpD; ap&atmif Power Supply ykdif;u taocHumuG,fay;xm;ygw,f/ 'DvkdumuG,fay;wmudk isolation vkdY ac:wm jzpfygw,f/ CPU yk d i f ; CPU (Central Processing Unit) udk microprocessor eJY zGJUpnf; wnfaqmufxm;ygw,f/ CPU eJY Memory uawmh tNrJyJ wGJNyD;? tvkyfvkyfygw,f/ User program udk Memory xJrSm odrf;xm;ygw,f/ PLC udk RUN vdkufawmhrS memory xJrSma&;xm;wJh User program rSmygwJhtwdkif; CPU u aqmif&Gufygw,f/ Input terminal rSm&SdwJh signal udk CPU u MunfhNyD;? User program u cdkif;xm;wJhtwdkif; Output terminal udk signal xkwfay;ygw,f/ PLC awGrSm CPU ysufpD;rI[m 5% yJ jzpfwwfygw,f/ PLC tvHk; 100 ysuf&if CPU ysufwm 5 vHk;yJ &Sdygw,f/ CPU [m PLC rSm A[kduGyfuJa&;tydkif; jzpfygw,f/ PLC xJu CPU udk MPU (Main Processing Unit) vkdYvnf; ac:ygw,f/ PLC aumif;aumif; tvkyf vkyfaeovm;? rvkyfbl;vm;vdkY ppfaq;&wJh self-diagnosis wm0efukdvnf; CPU u xrf;
aqmifygw,f/ CPU &JU vkyfief;aqmifwmudk twdkcsKyfajym&&if PLC &JU input terminal awGrSm csdwf qufxm;wJY sensor awGuay;ydkYwJY signal awGudk vufcH&,lw,f/ NyD;awmh PLC &JU rSwfOmPf memory rSm a&;rSwfxm;wJY nTefBum;csufawG user program twdkif; aqmif&Guf w,f/ NyD;&if tJ'Daqmif&Gufcsufu&wJY program result awGudk PLC &JU output terminal awGqDudk ydkYvTwfay;ygw,f/ Modular PLC awG&JU CPU module xJrSm memory eJY microprocessor udk wGJNyD; xnfhoGif; wnfaqmufxm;ygw,f/ PLC &JUvkyfief;aqmifwmawGukd b,fvdkaqmif&Gufyg vdkY owfrSwf ay;xm;wJY control program (operating system) [mvnf; tJ'D memory xJrSm yg&Sdygw,f/ 'gaMumifh CPU module ysufpD;cJhvkdY&Sd&if CPU module ukd topfvJvS,f wyfqif½HkeJYawmh PLC [m e*dktwkdif; tvkyfrvkyf Ekdifao;ygbl;/ jyefvnfae&mcsxm; ay;&ygao;w,f/ tJ'gukd configure vkyfw,fvkdY ac:ygw,f/ Program jyefa&;xnfh ay;&ygao;w,f/ Compact PLC awGrSmawmh CPU ykdif;[m PLC &JUtpdwftykdif; wpfckrQom jzpfvkdY CPU ysuf pD;cJh&if PLC topf wpfvHk;eJY vJvS,fwyfqif&ygw,f/ Program ukdvnf; jyefa&;xnfh ay;&ygw,f/
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
36
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
Memory yk d i f ; Memory is the area that holds the operating system and user program.
xJrSm ñTefMum;csuf instruction code awG? owif;tcsuftvuf data awG? f m;odrf;qnf;xm;wJh ae&mukd Memory vkdY qHk;jzwfcsuf logic result awG? pwmawGudk rSwo ac:ygw,f/ Memory rSm ESpfrsdK;?ESpfpm; &Sdygw,f/ Volatile memory eJY non-volatile memory wkdY jzpfMuygw,f/ Volatile memory — vQyfppfyg0gtNrJ&&SdaerS a&;rSwfxm;wmawGudk raysmufrysuf atmif odrf;qnf;xm;EkdifwJh memory trsdK;tpm; udk Volatile memory vkdY ac:ygw,f/ RAM (Random Access Memory) [m tJ'DtrsdK;tpm; jzpfygw,f/ vQyfppf"gwftm;r&Sd&if RAM xJrSm a&;rSwfxm;wmawG tm;vHk; taiGUysHvGifhys,foGm;ovkd aysmufysufukefygw,f/ RAM twGuf power supply tNrJwrf;&aeapzkdY PLC xJrSm "gwfcJ battery xnfhay;xm; &ygw,f/ tJ'D"gwfcJ&JU oufwrf;[m 25°C rSmyJtNrJoHk;cJh&if 5ESpf MumatmifcHygw,f/ ylvGef;&ifyJjzpfjzpf? at;vGef;&ifyJjzpfjzpf? "gwfcJoufwrf;wkdygw,f/ Non-volatile memory — Non-volatile memory uawmh a&;rSwfxm;wmawGukd raysmufrysuf&atmif vQyfppf"gwftm;r&SdyJeJY Mum&Snfodrf;xm;Ekdifygw,f/ EEPROM (Electrically Erasible Programmable ROM) [m tJ'Dvkd trsdK;tpm;jzpfygw,f/ tck vloHk;rsm;aeNyDjzpfwJh memory stick vkdrsdK;? Flash Memory trsdK;tpm; jzpfygw,f/ EEPROM ukd toHk;jyKxm;wJh PLC awGrSm "gwfcJxnfhzkdY rvkdtyfygbl;/ PLC
PLC
'gaMumifh "gwfcJygwJh PLC u wpfrsdK;? "gwfcJ rygwJh ESpfrsdK;? ESpfpm;? &Sdygw,f/
PLC
u wpfrsdK; qkdNyD;
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
37
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
tJ'D"gwfcJ&JU oufwrf;[m 25°C rSmyJtNrJoHk;cJh&if 5ESpf MumatmifcHygw,f/ ylvGef;&ifyJjzpfjzpf? at;vGef;&ifyJjzpfjzpf? "gwfcJoufwrf;wkdygw,f/ “The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
38
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
I/O Image Memory PLC wkdif;rSm wire qufoG,fvkdY&wJh Input terminal eJY Output terminal awG yg0ifMuyg w,f/ tJ'gukd External input eJY External output vkdY ac:Muygw,f/ Physical input eJY Physical output vkdYvnf; ac:Muygw,f/ Input terminal awGrSm&SdaewJh signal awG&JUtajctaeukd t&dyfyrm xif[yf azmfjywJh memory xJu ae&mawGukd Input image memory vdkY ac:ygw,f/ Input memory, Input relay vkdYvnf; ac:Muygw,f/ Input image table vdkYvnf; ac:ygw,f/ Input terminal eJY wkduf½kdufqufoG,r f I&SdwJh memory area jzpfvkdY input image memory vkdY ac:wmjzpfygw,f/ Output terminal awGeYJ wkduf½kdufqufoG,frI&SdwJh memory xJu ae&mukd output image memory vdkY ac:ygw,f/ Output image table vdkYvnf; ac:ygw,f/ Output terminal eJY wdkuf½dkufqufoG,frI r&SdwJh internal memory udk Auxiliary Relay vkYd ac:ygw,f/ Internal Relay vkdYvnf; ac:Muygw,f/ Internal Output vdkYvnf; ac:ygw,f/ Internal Bit vdkYvnf; ac:ygw,f/ Work Bit vdkYvnf; ac:ygw,f/ a&;vdkY? zwfvdkY? &wJh Memory xJu Bit ae&m jzpfygw,f/ Delta PLC awGxJu DVP-14SS2-11R2 rSm yg&SdwJh Physical I/O (X/Y) eJY internal output (M) udk atmufrSm azmfjyxm;ygw,f/
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
39
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
Omron PLC awGxJu CPM1A-20CDR rSm yg&SdwJh input image memory ukdusawmh Input Bit vkdY ac:ygw,f/ Output image memory ukdawmh Output Bit vkdY ac:ygw,f/ Output terminal eJY wdkuf½dkufqufoG,frI r&SdwJh internal memory udk Work Bit vkdY ac:yg
w,f/ Omron PLC awGxJu CPM1A-20CDR rSm yg&SdwJh Physical I/O (IR 000/ IR 010) internal output (IR 200) wdkYudk atmufrSm azmfjyxm;ygw,f/
eJY
S7-200 CPU224 rSmyg&SdwJh internal output ukd Bit Memory (M) vkdY ac:ygw,f/ Input image memory ukdusawmh Process-Image Input Register (I) vkYd ac:ygw,f/ Output image memory ukdusawmh Process-Image Output Register (Q) vkdY Simens PLC
awGxJu
ac:ygw,f/ Simens PLC awGxJu S7-200 CPU224 rSm
yg&SdwJh Physical I/O (I/Q) eJY internal output (M) udk atmufrSm azmfjyxm;ygw,f/
Siemens PLC S7-200
CPU 224
Process-image input register
I0.0 to I15.7
Process-image output register
Q0.0 to Q15.7
Bit memory (M)
M0.0 to M31.7
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
40
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
Input Image Memory
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
41
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
Output Image Memory
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
42
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
Input Interface “When two different objects are linked together the boundary is known as the Interface.” PLC rSm signal 0ifwJh tykdif;ukd input ykdif;vkdY ac:ygw,f/ PLC &JU input rSm qufoG,f &wJh Device awGukd input field devices vkdY ac:ygw,f/ Input Device awG jzpfMuwJh sensor awGeJY PLC ukd qufpyfay;wmjzpfvkdY Input Interface vkdY ac:wm jzpfygw,f/ Modular PLC rSm Input Interface [m oD;jcm; module wpfck jzpfNyD; input module vkdY ac:ygw,f/ Compact PLC rSmawmh Input Interface [m PLC &JU ukd,fwGif;t*Fg tpdwftykdif; wpfckom
jzpfygw,f/ Input ydkif;&JU tvkyfuawmh Input Field Devices awGu ay;ydkYwJh signal udk CPU u em;vnf vufcHEdkifwJh signal jzpfatmif ajymif;ay;wJhtvkyfu wpfck? input terminal rSm vSnfhywfpD;qif;wJhvQyfppf eJY PLC xJ vSnfhywfpD;qif;wJhvQyfppfwdkYudk wpfoD;wpfjcm;pD jzpfatmif vkyfay;wJh isolation tvkyfu wpfck? pkpkaygif; tvkyf 2ckudk vkyfygw,f/ PLC
wkdif;&JU
input interface
tykdif;u 'Dtvkyf ESpfrsdK;udk vkyfaqmifMuygw,f/
Input terminal ukd signal strength rwefwq rSm;ay;rdcJh&if input interface tykdif;om ysufpD; oGm;NyD; CPU ukd xdcdkufrI vHk;0r&Sdygbl;/ 'gaMumifh 24VDC signal ay;&r,fh Input point rSm 220VAC ukd rSm;NyD;awmh qufoG,frdcJh&if CPU rysufygbl;/ Memory rysufygbl;/ Input interface yJ ysufoGm;ygr,f/ Modular PLC rSmqkd&ifawmh Input module topf wpfck vJvS,fwyfqifvkduf½HkeJY PLC [m e*kdtwkdif; tvkyfjyefvkyfEkdifygw,f/
rSm tajctaeajymif;vJrI ESpfrsdK;om &SdwJY Discrete Input eJY tajctae ajymif;vJrI wqufxJ &SdwJY Analog Input qdkNyD; input ESpfrsdK; &Sdygw,f/ Discrete input udk digital input vdkYvnf; ac:ygw,f/ PLC [m Computer jzpfwJY twGuf binary udkom vufcHaqmif&Guf Edkifygw,f/ 'gaBumifh analog input interface rSm analog uae digital signal (binary signal) udk ajymif;ay;wJY A/D Converter yg&Sdygw,f/ Input interface
&JU input signal ESpfrsdK;? ESpfpm; &SdwJYtxJu taMumif;ukd 'DpmtkyfrSm tao;pdyf azmfjyoGm;rSm jzpfygw,f/ PLC
discrete input signal
Discrete signal rSm signal &Sdaewmukd ON vkdY ac:ygw,f/ Signal r&Sdwmukd OFF vkdY ac:ygw,f/ Signal &Sdjcif;eJY? Signal r&Sdjcif;? 'DESpfrsdK; om&Sdygw,f/ Discrete input interface rSm signal type ESpfrsdK; &Sdygw,f/ AC signal eJY DC signal jzpfygw,f/ Modular PLC rSm AC input module eJY DC input module qkdNyD; oD;jcm;pDxkwfvkyf ygw,f/ Compact PLC rSmvnf; AC input signal om ay;vkdY&wJh PLC eJY DC input signal om ay;vkdY&wJh PLC &,fvkdY ESpfrsdK; cGJjcm;xkwfvkyfygw,f/
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
43
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
'DpmtkyfrSm Delta PLC udk ajccHNyD; a&;om;azmfjyoGm;rSmjzpfygw,f/ taMumif; wkdufqkdif wJh tcgwkdif; tjcm; PLC awGeJY EIdif;,SOfazmfjyay;oGm;ygr,f/ Discrete input interface 24 VDC Input
Figure 9a
yHk
(Figure 9a) rSm DC24V signal ukd vufcHaqmif&GufwJh discrete input interface functional circuit diagram ukd azmfjyxm;ygw,f/
&JU
Discrete input interface 110 VAC Input
Figure 9b
yHk
(Figure 9b) rSm AC110V signal ukd vufcHaqmif&GufwJh discrete input interface &JU functional circuit diagram ukd azmfjyxm;ygw,f/ yHkrSmjyxm;wJhtwkdif; AC input rSma&m? DC input rSmyg optocoupler ukd oHk;NyD; isolation vkyfxm;ygw,f/ tajccHtusqHk;vnf;jzpf? tawGU&trsm;qHk;vnf;jzpfwJh 24VDC input signal ay;&wJh Compact PLC ukd rlwnfNyD; input interface taMumif;udk a&;om;
azmfjy oGm;ygr,f/ “The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
44
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
Figure 9c
yHk (Figure 9c) rSm oHk;xm;wJh Opto-coupler (Photo-coupler) xJrSm tvif;a&mif xkwf vTwfay;wJh LED diode ESpfckudk tNrD;jyef? acgif;jyef? tNydKifquf antiparallel qufxm;yg w,f/ Current direction b,fvkdyJpD;pD;? LED wpfvHk;vHk; uawmh rD;vif;rSm aocsmyg w,f/ tJ'D LED ESpfvHk;uxGufwJh tvif;a&mifukd photo-transistor &JU base ay: wkduf½kduf usa&mufatmif csdefxm;ygw,f/ LED eJY photo-transistor twGJukd opto-coupler vkdY ac:ygw,f/ olUukd jyifyutvif;a&mif r0ifa&mufEkdifatmif tvHkydwf? tvif;ydwf? wnfaqmufxm;ygw,f/ 'gaMumifh optocoupler xJu LED rD;vif;wmudk jyifyu rjrif rawGUEkdifygbl;/ PLC &JU input point udk jzwfpD;vmwJhvQyfppf currrent [m opto-coupler xJu LED xJ ukdvnf; jzwfoef;pD;qif;wmjzpfvkdY? tJ'D LED rD;vif;NyD; photo-transistor ay:udk tvif; a&mif usa&mufygw,f/ tJY'DtcgrSm photo-transistor ukd ON jzpfapygw,f/ Phototransistor = ON jzpfoGm;wJhtcg internal circuit u PLC &JU input status indicator LED ukd rD;vif;apygw,f/ Input point ukd signal a&mufvkdY ON jzpfwJhtcg tJ'D input eJY oufqkdifwJh input LED rD;vif;wmjzpfvkdY? b,f point rSm signal &Sdw,fqkdwmukd tvG,fwul odEkdifygw,f/ Meter eJY wkdif;MunhfzkdY rvkdygbl;/ Input point udk jzwfpD;wJh current eJY internal circuit xJ (phototransistor xJ) pD;wJh current wkdY[m woD;wjcm;pD jzpfMuygw,f/ tJ'gukd galvanically isolated vkdY ac:ygw,f/ Input point u 0ifvmwJh signal ukd internal circuit xJ a&mufatmif ydkYaqmifay;wmu tvif;a&mifeJY ykdYay;wm jzpfygw,f/ 'gaMumifh photocoupling (opto-coupling) vkdY ac:ygw,f/
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
45
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
Output Interface Output ydkif;uawmh CPU u xkwfay;wJh signal udk Output terminal twGuf oifhawmfwJh signal trsdK;tpm;jzpfatmif ajymif;ay;wJhtvkyfu wpfck? PLC xJvSnfhywf pD;qif;wJh vQyfppfeJY Output terminal rSm vSnfhywfpD;qif;wJhvQyfppf wdkUudk wpfoD;wpfjcm;pD jzpfatmif isolation vkyfay;&wJh tvkyfuwpfck? pkpkaygif; tvkyf 2ck udk vkyfygw,f/ PLC
&JU
output rS m vnf ; signal type
ESpfrsdK; &Sdygw,f/
Discrete output signal eJY Analog output signal wkdY jzpfMuygw,f/ CPU u xGufvmwJY signal u binary signal (digital signal) jzpfygw,f/ tJ'D digital signal udk D/A Converter eJY analog tjzpf ajymif;ay;jyD;rS output terminal u analog signal ukd xkwfay;wm jzpfygw,f/
w,f/
'DpmtkyfrSm
discrete output signal
taMumif;ukdom a&;om;azmfjyrSm jzpfyg
rSm discrete output type oHk;rsdK;&Sdygw,f/ (1) Relay Output (2) Transistor Output (3) TRIAC Output (SSR Output) wkdY jzpfMuygw,f/ tJ'DoHk;rsdK;pvHk;udk galvanic isolation &atmif wnfaqmufxm;ygw,f/
PLC
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
46
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
Relay Output Relay contact
Relay coil
Max. Switching Capacity : 2A, 250VAC (cosΦ = 1) ; 2A, 24VDC Figure 10. yHkrSm Relay contact eJY output point
wdkY qufoG,fxm;yHkudk
azmfjyxm;ygw,f/ &JU qHk;jzwfcsufeJYtnD internal circuit u output signal xkwfay;vkdufwJhtcg (1) Output status indicator LED rD;vif;ygw,f/ (2) Relay coil energize jzpfygw,f/ (3) Relay &JU N.O contact [m close jzpfoGm;ygw,f/ Output wpfckpD rSm internal circuit wpfck? status LED wpfck? relay wpfck?wkdY yg&Sdygw,f/ Relay coil eJY tJ'D relay &JU contact wkdY[m galvanically isolated jzpfNyD; magnetically coupled vkyfxm;ygw,f/ Relay coil xJpD;qif;wJh current eJY contact xJpD;qif;wJh current wkdY[m woD;wjcm;pD jzpfygw,f/ PLC Output Relay [m N.O contact wpfckomygwJh Miniature Relay jzpfygw,f/ Voltage free contact jzpfvkdY AC a&m? DC yg jzwfoef;pD;qif;Ekdifygw,f/ CPU
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
47
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
Transistor Output Transistor Output rSm PNP eJY NPN qkdNyD; ESpfrsdK; &Sdygw,f/ CPU u ckdif;vkdY internal circuit u output signal xkwfay;vkdufwJhtcg? (1) Output status indicator LED rD;vif;ygw,f/ (2) Optocoupler xJu LED rD;vif;vkdY phototransistor [m ON jzpfoGm;ygw,f/ (3) Output transistor vnf; ON jzpfoGm;ygw,f/ Output Transistor
Photo-transistor
Max. Switching Capacity: 50 mA at 4.5 VDC to 300 mA at 26.4 V Figure 11.
yHkrSm
Transistor Output (NPN) eJY output point
wdkY qufoG,fxm;yHkudk
azmfjyxm;ygw,f/
Output Transistor
Opto-coupler
Photo-transistor
Max. Switching Capacity: 50 mA at 4.5 VDC to 300 mA at 26.4 V Figure 12.
yHkrSm
Transistor Output (PNP) eJY output point
wdkY qufoG,fxm;yHkudk
azmfjyxm;ygw,f/ PNP yJjzpfjzpf? NPN yJjzpfjzpf? transistor &JU collector ukd output point eJY qufoG,f xm;ygw,f/ PLC &JU Output Transistor [m open collector output type jzpfNyD;? DC vQyfppf om jzwfoef;pD;qif;Ekdifygw,f/ PLC &JU output [m transistor output jzpfcJY&if PNP 'grSr[kwf NPN wpfrsdK;om ygavh&Sdygw,f/ “The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
48
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
TRIAC Output TRIAC Output ukd SSR (Solid State Relay) output vkdYvnf; ac:ygw,f/ Triac output rSm oHk;xm;wJh opto-coupler xJrSm LED eJY photo-diac wkdY yg0ifygw,f/ CPU u apckdif;wJhtwkdif; internal circuit u output signal xkwfay;vkdufwJhtcg (1) Output status indicator LED rD;vif; ygw,f/ (2) Photodiac ON jzpfoGm;ygw,f/ (3) Output Triac ON jzpfoGm;ygw,f/ Photo-diac
Output Triac
Opto-coupler
Max. Switching Capacity: 0.4 A at 100 to 240 VAC (50/60 Hz)
wdkY qufoG,fxm;yHkudk azmfjyxm;ygw,f/ Triac Output ukd AC vQyfppfeJYom toHk;jyK&ygw,f/ tu,fí DC vQyfppfeJY qufoG,f toHk;jyKcJhr,fqkd&if ON jzpfNyD;wJh output point [m Triac &JU obm0t& OFF jyefrjzpfawmhygbl;/ PLC &JU output type oHk;rsdK;udk atmufrSm,SOfwGJazmfjyxm;ygw,f/ Figure 14.
yHkrSm
Output Type
Triac Output eJY output point
Rated Valtage and Current (Typical Value)
Switching Time
Relay
250VAC(2A) / 30VDC(2A) OFF to ON: 10 ms, ON to OFF: 10 ms
Transistor
30VDC, 300 mA
OFF to ON: 0.2 ms, ON to OFF: 0.2 ms
TRIAC (SSR) 85V to 240VAC, 400 mA
OFF to ON: 1ms, ON to OFF: 10 ms
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
49
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
Typical value qkdwm tawGU&rsm;wJh wefbkd;ukd ajymwmjzpfygw,f/ PLC &JU output awG[m isolated output awGjzpfMuwJhtwGuf output terminal rSmqufoG,frIrSm;,Gif;vkdY PLC ysufoGm;cJh&if output interface ykdif;yJ ysufpD;wmjzpfygw,f/ CPU wkdY Memory wkdYukd rxdcdkuf rysufpD;apygbl;/ Compact PLC rSmawmh output interface ysufoGm;cJh&if PLC topf wpfvHk;eJY vJvS,fwyfqif&rSm jzpfNyD; program udkvnf; jyefa&;xnfh&ygw,f/ Modular PLC rSmqkd&ifawmh Output module topf wpfck vJvS,fwyfqifvkduf½HkeJY PLC [m e*kdtwkdif;
tvkyfjyefvkyfEkdifygw,f/ PLC Status Indicators and I/O Status Indicators PLC wdkif;&JU rsufESmpmay:rSm PLC &JU tajctaeawGudk azmfjywJh Status Indicator awG yg&SdMuygw,f/ LED indicator lamp awGeJY azmfjyavh&Sdygw,f/ Status Indicator 3rsdK;&Sdyg w,f/ Input signal awG&JU tajctaeawGudk azmfjywJh LEDs awGudk Input Status LED vdkY ac:ygw,f/ Input terminal ta&twGuf&Sdoavmuf Input Status LED ta&twGuf yg&Sd ygw,f/ PLC &JU input terminal rSm signal &Sd&if Input LED rD;vif;ygw,f/ Output signal &JUtajctaeudk azmfjywJ LEDs awGudk Output Status LED vdkY ac:yg w,f/ Output terminal ta&twGuf&Sdoavmuf Output Status LED ta&twGuf yg&Sd ygw,f/ CPU u signal xkwfay;vdkuf&if output LED rD;vif;ygw,f/ NyD;awmh PLC Status LED vdkY ac:wJh power &&Sd&ifvif;wJh Power LED &,f? PLC udk RUN vdkufrS vif;wJh RUN LED &,f? rSm;aeNyD Error vdkY azmfjywJh ERR LED &,f? 'DoHk;rsdK;?oHk;pm;?uawmh PLC wdkif;rSmyg&SdMuygw,f/ tcsdKU PLC awGrSm PLC xJudk program a&;xnfhwJhtcg rD;vif;wJh Communication LED ygwwfygw,f/ tcsdKU PLC awGrSm PLC xJu battery &JU tajctaeudk azmfjywJh Battery LED vnf; yg&SdwwfMuygw,f/ User program u ckdif;xm;wJhtwdkif; PLC [m vkyfaqmifaeNyDqdk&if RUN LED rD;vif;aeygw,f/
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
50
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
Octal number
eJYa&wGufvdkY Input u 24ck jzpfygw,f/
Octal number
eJYa&wGufvdkY Output u 16ck jzpfyg w,f/
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
51
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
tcef; (4) PLC ukd wyfqiftoHk;jyKyHktaMumif;/ PLC ukd wyfqiftoHk;jyKr,fqkd&if PLC ukd b,fvkd xkyfykd;xm;ovJ qkdwmudk azmfjy wJh IP code number taMumif;ukd odzkdYvkdtyfygw,f/ IP udk Ingress Protection vkdYvnf; ac: ygw,f/ International Protection vkdYvnf; ac:ygw,f/ vHkNcHKatmifxkyfykd;rItqifhowfrSwf csuf jzpfygw,f/ PLC awG[m vHkNcHKatmifxkyfykd;rItqifhowfrSwfcsuf IP 20 yJ &Sdygw,f/
'gaMumifh (1) aea&mifjcnfeJY wkduf½kdufxdawGU EkdifwJhae&mrSm PLC udk rwyfqif&ygbl;/ (2) tylcsdef 0°C xufavsmheJwJh ae&meJY 55°C xufykdrsm;wJh ae&mawGrSm PLC ukd rwyfqif&ygbl;/ (3) a&aiGUpkdxkdif;q 10%RH xufavsmheJwJh ae&meJY 90%RH xufydkrsm;wJh ae&m awGrSmvnf; PLC ukd rwyfqif&ygbl;/ (4) tylcsdef ½kwfw&uf ajymif;vJrIaMumifh aiGU&nfzGJUwwfwJh ae&mawGrSmvnf; PLC udk rwyfqif&ygbl;/ (5) avmifpm;wwfwJh "gwfaiGU corrosive gas awG? qm;aiGUawG? rD;avmifvG,fwJh "gwfaiGUawG? &SdwJhae&mrSmvnf; PLC udk rwyfqif&ygbl;/ (6) qDwkdY? a&wkdY? "gwkaq;&nfwkdY? eJY jzef;yufcH&EdkifwJh ae&mrSmvnf; PLC ukd rwyf qif&ygbl;/ (7) wkefcgrI? cg&rf;rI? jzpfay:EkdifwJh ae&mrSmvnf; PLC udk rwyfqif&ygbl;/ 'gawGuawmU PLC ukd wyfqifzkdYtwGuf OEM &JU Manual awGxJu xkwfEIwfazmfjy xm;wm jzpfygw,f/ tck azmfjycJhwJh ae&mrsdK;rSm PLC ukd rwyfqifbJ? vGwfuif;wJh ae&m rSm wyffqiftoHk;jyKr,f qkd&if PLC &JUoufwrf;&SnfMumpGm toHk;jyKEkdifrSm jzpfygw,f/ PLC &JU vHkNcHKatmif xkyfykd;rItqifh[m IP20 om &SdwJhtwGuf Panel 'grSr[kwf Cabinet xJrSmom wyfqiftoHk;jyK&rSm jzpfygw,f/ tJ'Dvdk wyfqiftoHk;jyKwJh tcgrSm tylcsdefvGefuJrI'Pfudk rcH&atmif? av0if avxGuf rQwrI &Sd&ygr,f/ 'DtwGuf tjcm;ypönf; awGeJY PLC &JUtMum;rSm&SdwJh tuGmta0; udk 50mm (2 vufrcefY) cGmNyD; wyfqif&ygw,f/ 'Dae&mrSm OEM u owfrSwfwJh Mum; tuGmta0;xuf ydkreD;ap&ygbl;/ tyl[m atmufbufuae tay:bufukd vGifhysHwufavh&SdvkdY tylxkwfvTwfwJh ypönf;awG&JU tay:bufrSm PLC udk wyfqifjcif; rjyK&ygbl;/ rvTJom? ra&SmifomwJh tajctaeaMumifh 55°C xufausmfvGefwJh ae&mrSm PLC udk wyfqif&r,fqkd&if tat;ay; ud&d,mukdoHk;NyD;? PLC ukd 55°C txd ra&mufatmif pDrHxm;&ygr,f/ 'Dae&mrSmvnf; OEM u owfrSwfwJh tjrifhqHk;tyl'D*&D Temperature xuf rausmfvGefap&ygbl;/ “The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
52
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
xJrSm PLC udk wyfqifwJhtcg High Voltage Equipment awGeJY twlwla&mNyD; Panel 1 ckxJrSm rwyfqif&ygbl;/ AkdYtm;jrifh0g,m Power cable awGeJY teJqHk; &SpfvufrcefY 200mm uGmjcm;atmif PLC udk xm;&ygr,f/ Panel
Control panel xJrSm PLC udk
wwfqif&r,fhyHk jzpfygw,f/
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
53
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
PLC eJY
eH&HMum; teJqHk;&dS&r,fh tuGmta0; jzpfygw,f/
Installation in Control Panel When wiring input and output lines in ducts, keep a minimum space of 20 mm above and below the PLC base unit for maintenance. To prevent excessive heat built-up, keep a minimum space of 20 mm around the PLC unit for ventilation.
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
54
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
Advised Installation Practices Shield the PLC The most common method of shielding, is to install the PLC inside a grounded steel enclosure. Proper Cable Selection Use twisted, shielded-pair cable for the power cable and field wiring. Properly terminate the shields of all cables to a single-point high-quality ground. Ground the PLC The purpose of grounding the PLC is to protect the electronic equipment from electric shock and harmful noise. To ground the PLC, connect a 12 to 16 gauge wire from the frame ground terminal strip screw of the controller to a high quality earth ground (less then 2 Ω). Since electrical currents always take the path of least resistance, the noise currents induced by a magnetic field will flow through the PLC frame ground terminal screw to earth ground. This essentially draws the noise away from the PLC modules. The most effective method of grounding the PLC frame is to ground the PLC independent of other equipment. Avoid grounding the PLC through a daisy chain of wire connections with other equipment. See figures below for good and bad examples:
'Dvdkqufyg
'DvdkrqufeJY
The length of the ground cable should not exceed 65 feet (20 m). For best results, the resistance of the ground cable should be less than 2 Ω.
Grounding (Earthing) vQyfppfoHvkdufvdIif;rsm;aMumifh PLC udk taESmifht,Suf rjzpfapzkdYeJY ukdifwG,f toHk; jyKwJhvludk vQyfppftEÅ&m,frusa&mufatmif umuG,fzkdY twGuf Ground (Earth) aumif; aumif; csxm;ay;&ygr,f/ Earth Resistance [m 100Ω (100 tkrf;) xuf rykdap&ygbl;/ Earth BudK;uvnf; 2mm² (2 pwk&ef; rDvDrDwm) xufrao;i,fap&ygbl;/ Wire qufoG,f wJhtcg wire lug (crimp connector) ukd toHk;jyK&ygr,f/ Terminal screw ukd wif;MuyfrI tight vkyfwJhtcg wif;tm;u 0.5Nm to 0.6Nm twGif; &Sd&ygr,f/ Earth cswm&JU &nf&G,fcsufu rawmfwq vQyfppf,kdpdrfhrI leakage jzpfcJh&if vludk tEÅ&m,fuif;apzkdY jzpfygw,f/ Earth terminal rSm PE (Protective Earth) vkdY a&;xm;avh &Sdygw,f/ “The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
55
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
&JU Input eJY Output awGrSm yg&SdwJh COM (common) terminal udk b,fawmhrS earth rcs&ygbl;/ Shielded cable &JUtpGef; 2zufpvHk;udk ground cscJY&if yHkrSmjyxm;wJhtwdkif; ground loop jzpfay:vmygw,f/ PLC
Ground loop
jzpfaeovm;qdkwmudk odcsif&if 'D udk
'Dvdk jzKwfNyD;
eJY 'Dvdk wdkif;MunfhvdkY tkrf; ohm jycJh&if ground loop &dSaeygw,f/
wdkif;yg
Procedure for identifying ground loops
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
56
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
In normal low-noise environments such as closed-room control cabinets, it is possible to operate the PLC without frame grounding. However, it is necessary to ground the PLC for noisy environments, and is recommended for all installations regardless of electronic noise levels. For the frame ground, use a cable of at least 14 AWG (2 mm) in size. The ground should be exclusive to the PLC. Sharing the ground connection with other devices can cause problems due to ground loops and current feedback. Safety In any industrial design, safety must be a first priority in that the designer(s) must take all reasonable steps to ensure a person or persons cannot be harmed in any way whilst the system is being operated. There are now European Machinery Safety Standards, which also include the control systems of the machinery. These can be summarised as follows: 1. All emergency circuits such as emergency stop buttons and safety guard switches must be hardwired and not depend on software, i.e. PLCs or electronic logic gates. 2. A designer(s) must carry out a risk assessment procedure. In addition the procedure must be documented for possible inspection at any time. 3. Implement any changes to the design to limit any risk, as far as possible. 4. Ensure that where there are remaining risks, the use of safeguards must be implemented into the design.
Personal Safety twGuf odxm;oifhwJh vQyfppf"gwfvkdufwJhtcg jzpfay:vmwJh cHpm;& rI eJY tEÅ&m,fawGukd atmufrSmazmfjyxm;ygw,f/ vlUcE¨mukd,fxJ vQyfppfjzwfoef; pD;qif;oGm;wJhtcg cHpm;&wJhcHpm;rIudk tqifh (7) qifh cGJjcm;jyxm;ygw,f/ (1) 0 to 1 mA cHpm;od&SdrI? r&Sdyg/ Oyrm 5VDC (2) 1 to 5 mA "gwfvkdufaMumif;? od&SdcHpm;&ygw,f/ Oyrm? 24VDC (3) 10 to 20 mA tEÅ&m,f&SdwJh "gwfvkdufrIvkdY owfrSwfygw,f/ Oyrm? 120VAC (4) 20 to 50 mA taMumqGJNyD; tEÅ&m,fBuD;ygw,f/ Oyrm? 220VAC (5) 50 to 100 mA tjyif;txef emusifNyD; arharsmoGm;Ekdifygw,f/ (6) 100 to 300 mA ESvHk;ckef &yfoGm;Ekdifygw,f/ (7) 300 mA xuf ykdrsm;&if? touf½I&yfoGm;wm? rD;avmifuRrf;wm? jzpfEkdifygw,f/ Personal Safety
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
57
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
58
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
PLC uk d vH k N cH K atmif xk y f y k d ; rI t qih f owf r S w f c suf / vHkNcHKatmif xkyfykd;rI tqifhtwef;udk IP eJYvnf; owfrSwfygw,f/ NEMA eJYvnf; owfrSwfygw,f/ IP qkdwmu IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) u owfrSwfwJh standard jzpfygw,f/ IP udk Ingress Protection vkdYvnf; ac:ygw,f/ International Protection vkdYvnf; ac:ygw,f/ IP 00 to IP 68
txd&Sdygw,f/
vkdY a&;om;xm;cJh&if a&SU*Pef;jzpfwJh 6 udk 1st characteristic vkdY ac:ygw,f/ aemuf*Pef;jzpfwJh 5 udk 2nd characteristic vkdY ac:ygw,f/ 1st characteristic u xkyfykd;xm;wJh yHk;cGH? tdrfcGH? enclosure xJukd t&m0w¬Kypönf;awG r0ifa&mufEkdifatmif umuG,fwJh tqihftwef;ukd cGJjcm;owfrSwfazmfjyygw,f/ 2nd characteristic u xkyfykd;xm;wJh enclosure xJukd a&awG? t&nfawG? r0ifa&muf Ekdifatmif umuG,fwJh tqifhtwef;ukd cGJjcm;owfrSwfazmfjyxm;wm jzpfygw,f/ IP65
1st characteristic ud k 0 to 6
txd tqihftwef; (7) rsdK; cGJjcm;xm;ygw,f/
rSm ygwJh 0 &JUt"dyÜg,fu? umuG,frI vHk;0rjyKbl; vkdY jzpfygw,f/ rSm ygwJh 1 &JUt"dyÜg,fu? t&G,ftpm; 50mm xufykdBuD;wJh t&m0w¬Kypönf;awG r0ifa&mufEkdifatmif umuG,fxm;w,f vkdY jzpfygw,f/ IP2_ rSm ygwJh 2 &JUt"dyÜg,fu? t&G,ftpm; 12mm xufykdBuD;wJh t&m0w¬Kypönf;awG r0ifa&mufEkdifatmif umuG,fxm;w,f vkdY jzpfygw,f/ IP3_ rSm ygwJh 3 &JUt"dyÜg,fu? t&G,ftpm; 2.5mm xufykdBuD;wJh t&m0w¬Kypönf;awG r0ifa&mufEkdifatmif umuG,fxm;w,f vkdY jzpfygw,f/ IP4_ rSm ygwJh 4 &JUt"dyÜg,fu? t&G,ftpm; 1.0mm xufykdBuD;wJh t&m0w¬Kypönf;awG r0ifa&mufEkdifatmif umuG,fxm;w,f vkdY jzpfygw,f/ IP5_ rSm ygwJh 5 &JUt"dyÜg,fu? trIHY powder awG r0ifa&mufEkdifatmif umuG,f xm; w,fvkdY jzpfygw,f/ IP6_ rSm ygwJh 6 &JUt"dyÜg,fu? trIeftrTm; dust awG vHk;0 r0ifa&mufEkdifatmif umuG,fxm;w,f vkdY jzpfygw,f/ IP0_ IP1_
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
59
OD;pdk;wifh 2nd characteristic
PLC
ukd
0 to 8
vrf; nTef
txd tqifhtwef; ukd;rsdK;cGJjcm;xm;ygw,f/
rSm ygwJh 0 &JUt"dyÜg,fu? a&r0ifEkdifatmifumuG,frI? vHk;0rjyKbl; vkdY jzpfyg w,f/ IP_1 rSm ygwJh 1 &JUt"dyÜg,fu? tay:uusqif;wJh a&pufa&aygufawG r0ifa&muf Ekdifatmif? umuG,fwnfaqmufxm;w,f vkdY jzpfygw,f/ IP_2 rSm ygwJh 2 &JUt"dyÜg,fu? 15° apmif;wJhae&mu pifusvmwJh a&puf a&ayguf awG r0ifa&mufEkdifatmif? umuG,w f nfaqmufxm;w,f vkdY jzpfygw,f/ IP_3 rSm ygwJh 3 &JUt"dyÜg,fu? tay:ujzef;wJha&awG r0ifa&mufEkdifatmif? umuG,f wnfaqmufxm;w,f vkdY jzpfygw,f/ IP_4 rSm ygwJh 4 &JUt"dyÜg,fu tzufzufu jzef;yufwJha&awG r0ifa&mufEkdifatmif umuG,f wnfaqmufxm;w,f vkdY jzpfygw,f/ IP_5 rSm ygwJh 5 &JUt"dyÜg,fu? ykdufeJYxdk;yufwJha&awG r0ifa&mufEkdifatmif umuG,f wnfaqmufxm;w,f vkdY jzpfygw,f/ IP_6 rSm ygwJh 6 &JUt"dyÜg,fu? tiftm;oHk;NyD;xkd;oGif;wJha&awG r0ifa&mufEkdifatmif umuG,f wnfaqmufxm;w,f vkdY jzpfygw,f/ IP_7 rSm ygwJh 7 &JUt"dyÜg,fu? a&xJjyKwfusoGm;&ifvnf; a&awG r0ifa&muf Ekdifatmif umuG,f wnfaqmufxm;w,f vkdY jzpfygw,f/ IP_8 rSm ygwJh 8 &JUt"dyÜg,fu a&xJepfjrKyfae&ifvnf; a&awG r0ifa&mufEkdifatmif umuG,f wnfaqmufxm;w,f vkdY jzpfygw,f/ Oyrm? IP00 vkdY a&;xm;&if? t&m0w¬KawG r0ifa&mufEkdifatmifvnf; umuG,f rxm;bl;? a&r0ifEkdifatmifvnf; umuG,frxm;bl;? bmtumtuG,frS vkyfrxm;bl;? vkdY qkdvkdygw,f/ Oyrm? IP20 vkdY a&;xm;&ift&G,ftpm; 12mm xufykdBuD;wJh t&m0w¬Kypönf;awG r0if a&mufEkdifatmifom umuG,fxm;NyD;? a&r0ifEkdifatmif umuG,frI vkyfrxm;bl;? vkdY qkdvdkygw,f/ Oyrm? IP65 vkdY a&;xm;&if trIHtrTm;awGudk vHk;0r0ifEkdifatmif umuG,fxm;NyD;? ykdufeJY xkd;yufwJha&udkvnf; r0ifEkdifatmif umuG,fxm;w,f? vkdY qkdvkdygw,f/ IP_0
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
60
OD;pdk;wifh NEMA 1 to NEMA 13
PLC
vrf; nTef
txd&Sdygw,f/
u owfrSwfxm;wJh vHkNcHK atmifxkyfykd;rI tqihftwef; owfrSwfcsufukd atmufrSmazmfjyxm;ygw,f/ NEMA 1 qkdwmu trkd;tumatmuf Indoor rSmom wyfqiftoHk;jyKEkdifNyD;? tay:u usvmwhJ trIHIUawG r0ifEkdifatmif? rawmfwqvufeJY xdrd? udkifrdvkdY r&atmif? wnfaqmufxm;ygw,f vkdY t"dyÜg,f&ygw,f/ NEMA 2 qkdwmu Indoor rSm wyfqiftoHk;jyKEkdifNyD; tay:uusvmwJh trIHYawG? tay:u usqif;vmwJh a&awGr0ifEkdifatmif? wnfaqmufxm;ygw,f/ NEMA 3 qkdwmu trkd;tumrygbJ Outdoor rSm wyfqiftoHk;jyKEkdifNyD; rkd;a& r0if Ekdifatmif? ESif;uswJh'Pfukd cHEkdifatmif? trIHU powder eJY trIeftrTm; dust awG r0if Ekdifatmif? wnfaqmufxm;ygw,f/ NEMA 3S qkdwmu NEMA 3 twkdif; umuG,fay;wJhtjyif a&cJwJh 'Pfudkyg cHEkdif atmif? wnfaqmufxm;ygw,f/ NEMA 4 qkdwmu Indoor a&m? Outdoor rSmyg wyfqiftoHk;jyKEkdifNyD;? ykdufeJY yufwJh a&udk cHEkdifatmif? wnfaqmufxm;ygw,f/ NEMA 4X qkdwmu NEMA 4 twkdif; umuG,fay;wJhtjyif "gwkavmifpm;rI corrosion 'Pfukd cHEkdifatmif? wnfaqmufxm;ygw,f/ NEMA 6 qkdwmu Indoor a&m? Outdoor rSmyg wyfqiftoHk;jyKEdkifNyD;? trIHIUawGeJY trIeftrTm;awG r0ifEkdifatmif? ykdufeJY a&xkd;yufwmudk cHEkdifatmif? a&xJjyKwfuswmudk cHEkdifatmif? wnfaqmufxm;ygw,f/ NEMA 6P qkdwmu NEMA 6 twkdif; umuG,frIay;wJhtjyif a&xJrSm MumMum epfaeNyD;rS jyefvnfq,f,l toHk;jyKwJhtcg ysufpD;rIr&Sdatmif? wnfaqmufxm;ygw,f/ NEMA 7 qkdwmu Indoor rSm wyfqiftoHk;jyKEkdifNyD;? aygufuGJapwwfwJh "gwfaiGU awG? trIHU powder awG &SdwJhae&mrSm wyfqiftoHk;jyKEdkifygw,f/ NEMA 9 qkdwmu Indoor rSm wyfqiftoHk;jyKEkdifNyD; rD;avmifvG,fwJh trIeftrTm; dust awG&SdwJh ae&mrSm wyfqifEkdifygw,f/ NEMA 12 qkdwmu Indoor rSm wyfqiftoHk;NyKEkdifNyD;? powder awG? dust awG? yufjzef;wJh a&awG? pD;qif;vmwJh qDawG? r0ifEkdifatmif? wnfaqmufxm;ygw,f/ NEMA 13 qkdwmu Indoor rSm wyfqiftoHk;jyKEkdifNyD;? yufjzef;wJh qDawG r0ifEkdif atmif? wnfaqmufxm;ygw,f/ NEMA (National Electrical Manufactures Association)
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
61
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
EIdif;,SOfcsuf/ IP eJY azmfjyxm;wJh enclosure &JU ae&mrSm enclosue udk tpm;xkd;oHk;pGJr,fqkd&if?
vrf; nTef
IP eJ Y NEMA
► ► ► ► ► ► ►
wJh
IP 20 &JUae&mrSm IP 22 &JUae&mrSm IP 55 &JUae&mrSm IP 24 &JUae&mrSm IP 66 &JUae&mrSm IP 53 &JUae&mrSm IP 67 &JUae&mrSm
NEMA standard
NEMA 1 udk tpm;xkd;oHk;vkdY &ygw,f/ NEMA 2 udk tpm;xkd;oHk;vkdY &ygw,f/ NEMA 3, 3X, 3S, 3SX wdkYudk tpm;xkd;oHk;vkdY &ygw,f/ NEMA 3R, 3RX wkdYudk tpm;xkd;oHk;vkdY &ygw,f/ NEMA 4, 4X wdkYudk tpm;xkd;oHk;vkdY &ygw,f/ NEMA 5 udk tpm;xkd;oHk;vkdY &ygw,f/ NEMA 6 eJYtpm;xdk;oHk;vkdY &ygw,f/
NEMA Class No. eJY azmfjyxm;wJh enclosure enclosure ukd tpm;xkd; oHk;pGJr,fqkd&if? ► ► ► ► ► ► ► ► ►
eJY owfrSwfazmfjyxm;wJh
&JU ae&mrSm
IP Class No.
eJY azmfjyxm;
NEMA 1 &JUae&mrSm IP 10 udk tpm;xdk;oHk;vkYd &ygw,f/ NEMA 2 &JUae&mrSm IP 11 udk tpm;xdk;oHk;vkYd &ygw,f/ NEMA 3 eJY 3S wkdY&JUae&mrSm IP54 udk tpm;xdk;oHk;vkYd &ygw,f/ NEMA 3R &JUae&mrSm IP14 udk tpm;xdk;oHk;vkYd &ygw,f/ NEMA 4 eJY 4X &JUae&mrSm IP56 udk tpm;xdk;oHk;vkYd &ygw,f/ NEMA 5 &JUae&mrSm IP52 udk tpm;xdk;oHk;vkYd &ygw,f/ NEMA 6 eJY 6P wkdY&JUae&mrSm IP67 udk tpm;xdk;oHk;vkYd &ygw,f/ NEMA 13 &JUae&mrSm IP54 udk tpm;xdk;oHk;vkYd &ygw,f/ NEMA 12 eJU 12K &JUae&mrSm IP52 wkdYudk tpm;xkd;oHk;vkdY &ygw,f/
eJY tpm;xkd;oHk;pGJvkdY r&wJh NEMA Class awGuawmh NEMA 7, 8, 9, 10, eJY 11 wkdY jzpfMuygw,f/ IP class No. rSm "gwkavmifpm;rI corrosion 'Pfudk cHEkdifaMumif; azmfjyxm;wm r&Sdygbl;/ NEMA 4 eJY 4P u corrosion 'Pfukd cHEkdifygw,f/ NEMA 6 eJY 6P u a&xJjyKwfuswJh 'Pfukd cHEkdifygw,f/ NEMA 6P u a&xJ tMumBuD; epfjrKyfwJh 'Pfukd cHEkdif&nf &Sdygw,f/ IP Class No.
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
62
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
PLC Specification
qdkwm tJ'D PLC eJUomoufqdkifwJh tcsuftvufawG? p½kdufvu©Pm awGukd azmfjyxm;wmjzpfygw,f/ PLC &JUudk,fa&;rSwfwrf; jzpfygw,f/ ukd,fodcsifwJh PLC &JU specification ukd Internet website rSm&SmazG&,lEkdifygw,f/ Google Search Engine rSm PLC &JJU model number eJY specification qdkwJhpmvHk;ukd space jcm;NyD;? ½kdufxnfhNyD; &SmvkdY&ygw,f/ PLC ukd 0,f,lvkduf&if PLC eJY wygwnf; Specifications a&m User Manual ukdyg vufcH &&SdrSm jzpfygw,f/ PLC wpfvHk;csif;pD&JUtaMumif;udk tao;pdyfodzdkYtwGuf OEM &JU Manual xJrSm Specification udk &SmMunfh&rSmjzpfygw,f/ PLC &JU udk,fxnfay:rSm twdkcsKyfazmfjyxm;wmudk Name Plate vdkY ac:ygw,f/ tao;pdyfodzdkYtwGuf OEM &JU Manual awGjzpfMuwJh Hardware Manual, Operation Manual, User Manual awGrSm &SmMunfh&rSmjzpfygw,f/ erlemtjzpf Delta Automation u xkwfvkyfwJh PLC awGxJu DVP-14SS-11R2 &JU Name Plate udk yHkrSm azmfjyxm;ygw,f/ Specification
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
63
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
'D PLC [m DVP series jzpfNyD; I/O 14 ck yg&SdaMumif;udk DVP14 eJY azmfjyxm;wm jzpfygw,f/ DVP-14SS rSmygwJha&ShpmvHk; S uawmh PLC udk,fxnf[m yg;vswJhudk,fxnf Slim type jzpfNyD; Standard Function MPU (Compact PLC) jzpfwmudk azmfjyygw,f/ SS udk PLC &JU type tjzpf rSwf,l&ygr,f/ DVP-14SS rSmygwJh aemufpmvHk; S u MPU (Main Processing Unit) jzpfaMumif;udk az:jyNyD;? DVP-14SM vdkY a&;xm;&if Input Point Expansion Unit jzpfygw,f/ 11R qdkwmuawmh 24VDC udk power supply tjzpfay;&NyD; Relay output ygwJh PLC jzpfaMumif; azmfjyxm;wm jzpfygw,f/ 11T vdkY a&;xm;&if 24VDC udk power supply tjzpfay;&NyD; Transistor output ygwJh PLC jzpfygw,f/
DVP14SS11R2T225020 vdkY a&;xm;wmu Serial eHygwfjzpfygw,f/ 14SS11R u PLC &JU Model No. jzpfNyD;? R &JU aemufrSm&dSwJh 2 u Version No. jzpfygw,f/ T u xkwfvkyfwJhae&m (Taoyuan) udk azmfjywmjzpfygw,f/ T &JU aemufrSm&dSwJh 2 u xkwfvkyfwJh ckESpf 2002 jzpfNyD; 25 u xkwfvkyfwJh week udk azmfjyxm;wmjzpfygw,f/ (1 ESpfrSm 52 weeks &Sdygw,f) / 020 u Batch No. jzpfygw,f/
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
64
OD;pdk;wifh DVP-14SS-11R2 &JU Specification udk
PLC
vrf; nTef
atmufrSmazmfjyxm;ygw,f/
DVP-14SS-11R2 ukd 24VDC power supply ay;&ygw,f/ Clean and Regulated 24VDC ukd DVP-PS02 power supply unit u xkwfay; ygw,f/ Power supply &JU t&G,ftpm; capacity ukd a&G;cs,fwJh tcgrSm vuf&SdtoHk;jyKaewJh power (watt) xuf tenf;qHk; 15% ykdNyD;wGuf&ygw,f/ aemifwkd;csJU wyfqifr,fh I/O Device
awGtwGufjzpfygw,f/
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
65
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
tJ'DrSmygwJh Program Capacity: 3792 Steps; Built-in EEPROM udk MunfhNyD; "mwfcJxnfhp&m rvdkwJh PLC trsdK;tpm; jzpfaMumif; odEdkifygw,f/ 1 Step [m 1 Word (16 bits) eJY wlnDygw,f/
Input Point Electric Specifications
qdkwmu tJ'D
PLC
&JU
Input
ydkif; taMumif;udk
azmfjyxm;wm jzpfygw,f/ Input Type qdkwmu signal [m DC24V jzpfNyD; S/S terminal udk positive (+ ) jzpfjzpf? negative (–) jzpfjzpf Sink or Source qufoG,fvdkY&wJh taMumif;udk azmfjyxm;wmjzpfygw,f/ Motion Level qdkwmu switching voltage udk ajymwmjzpfygw,f/ ON signal jzpfzdkY twGuf 16V xuf rsm;&rSm jzpfNyD; OFF signal jzpfzdkYtwGuf 14.4V xuf enf;&rSm jzpfyg w,f/ Responding Time About 10ms qdkwmu Input terminal rSm ON signal a&mufNyD; 10ms MumrS PLC u signal udk &&dSwm? todtrSwfjyKwm? jzpfygw,f/ Input interface &JU signal transfer delay udk 10ms rSm xm;&dSw,fvdkY ajymwmjzpfygw,f/ 10ms xuf wdkawmif;wJh (jrefqefwJh) electrical noise voltage awGudk signal tjzpf todtrSwf rjyKcsifvdkY aESmifhaES;atmif delay vkyfxm;ay;&wmjzpfygw,f/ tJ'D delay time udk Data Register D1020 eJY D1021 xJrSm0ifNyD; jyifa&;vdkY &ygw,f/ Input Interface taMumif;udk 'Dpmtkyf&JU pmrsufESm (43) rSm azmfjyxm;ygw,f/
Output Point Specifications qdkwmu output interface taMumif;udk azmfjyxm;wm jzpfygw,f/ PLC &JU type [m DVP-14SS-11R jzpfcJh&if Relay output jzpfNyD; output terminal 1ck [m 1.5A (AC or DC Load) 0efudk xrf;aqmifEdkifygw,f/ tJ'gudk Load current vdkY ac:ygw,f/ COM (common) terminal uawmh 5A Load udk xrf;aqmifEdkifygw,f/ AC Load udk oHk;&if 250VAC xuf rausmfzdkYeJY DC Load udkoHk;&if 30VDC xuf rausmfvGefzdkY
owfrSwfazmfjyxm;ygw,f/ “The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
66
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
PLC xJrSm xnfhoGif;wnfaqmufxm;wJh Output Relay &JU contact [m OFF (open) uae ON (close) jzpfzdkY MumwJhtcsdefu 10ms jzpfaMumif;udk Responding Time About 10ms vkdY azmfjyxm;wm jzpfygw,f/ Contact travelling time = 10ms jzpfygw,f/ PLC &JU type [m DVP-14SS-11T jzpfcJh&if tJ'D PLC [m Transistor Output jzpfNyD; output terminal 1ck [m 0.1A (100mA) DC Load udkom 0efxrf;Edkifygw,f/ 30VDC xuf rydkwJh Load udkom toHk;jyKEdkifygw,f/ Output delay uawmh OFF to ON = 15µs eJY ON to OFF = 25µs wdkY jzpfygw,f/ The PLC I/O Response Time: The total response time of the PLC from the input signal to the output signal is calculated as follows: “Response Time” = “input interface delay time” + “program scan time” + “output interface delay time”
Input delay time
MumwJh pkpkaygif;tcsdefudk
&,f?
Program Scan time &,f? Output delay time PLC &JU Total response time vdkY ac:ygw,f/
&,f oHk;ck aygif;
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
67
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
tcef; (5) PLC Wiring jyKvkyfyHk/ ukd wyfqif toHk;jyKawmhr,f qkd&if Panel xJrSm w,f/ wyfqifNyD;&if wiring jyKvkyf&ygw,f/ PLC Wiring udk 1/ Power Supply Wiring 2/ Input Wiring 3/ Output Wiring qkdNyD; 3 rsdK;cJGJjcm;a&;om;azmfjyygr,f/ PLC
Mount
vkyf wyfqif&yg
Power supply Wiring AC power supply ay;&wJh PLC trsdK;tpm; trsdK;tpm; qkdNyD; PLC 2rsdK; 2pm; &Sdygw,f/
eJY
DC power supply
ay;&wJh
PLC
AC power supply ay;&wJh PLC rSmvnf; voltage range 2rsdK; &Sdygw,f/ AC100V eJY AC220V wkdY jzpfMuygw,f/ tJ'D 2rsdK; xJu 1rsdK; ukd a&G;cs,fwJh cvkwf selector switch wyfqifNyD; xkwfvkyfwJh PLC vnf; &Sdygw,f/ Autovoltage tjzpf 100VAC eJY 240VAC Mum; BudKufwJh voltage ay;vkdY&wJh PLC rsdK;ukdvnf; xkwfvkyfygw,f/
trSm;t,Gif; rjzpfay:atmifvkdY PLC ay:rSma&;xm;wmukda&m? Manual xJrSm a&;om;azmfjyxm;wmukdyg aoaocsmcsmzwfMunhfNyD;rS Power supply connection ukd quf oG,foifhygw,f/ AC power supply ukd qufoG,fwJh tcgrSm isolation transformer udk oHk;NyD;? qufwm taumif;qHk; jzpfygw,f/ Primary winding u oyfoyf? Secondary winding u oyfoyf? separate winding yg&SdNyD; Faraday’s Shield ygwJh transformer rsdK;udk isolation transformer vkdY ac:ygw,f/ Power Supply wiring vkyfwJhtcg two pole switch eJY fuse udk xnfhoGif;wyfqif oifhygw,f/ Servicing jyKvkyfwJhtcgrSm personal safety &&SdzkdYjzpfygw,f/
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
68
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
DC power supply ay;&wJh PLC trsm;pk[m 24VDC ukd power supply tjzpf toHk;jyKMuygw,f/ Clean and Regulated 24VDC ukd oHk;wm taumif;qHk; jzpfygw,f/ Power supply &JU t&G,ftpm; capacity ukd a&G;cs,fwJh tcgrSm vuf&SdtoHk;jyKaewJh power (watt) xuftenf;qHk; 15% ykdNyD;wGuf&ygw,f/ aemifwkd;csJU wyfqifr,fh I/O Device
awGtwGufjzpfygw,f/
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
69
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
Input Wiring Warning • Emergency and interlocking circuits must be configured outside the PLC. If such a circuit is configured inside the PLC, failure of the PLC may cause disorder of the control system, damage, or accidents. Caution • Use a power supply of the rated value. Use of a wrong power supply may cause fire hazard. • Use an IEC127-approved fuse on the power line outside the PLC. This is required when exporting equipment containing PLC to Europe. • Use an EU-approved circuit breaker. This is required when exporting equipment containing PLC to Europe. • Do not connect to the ground directly from the PLC. Connect a protective ground to the equipment containing PLC using an M4 or larger screw. This is required when exporting equipment containing PLC to Europe. • If relays or transistors in the PLC output circuit fail, outputs may remain on or off. For output signals which may cause heavy accidents, provide a monitor circuit outside of the PLC. PLC rSm Analog Input (AI) eJY Discrete Input (DI) wiring taMumif;ukd qufvufazmfjyygr,f/
vkdY 2rsdK; &SdwJhtxJu
discrete input
Discrete input trsdK;tpm;rSmvnf; signal 2rsdK; uGJjym;ygao;w,f/ tJ'guawmh AC input signal eJY DC input signal wkdY jzpfMuygw,f/ AC input signal ay;vkdY&wJh PLC &JU signal range uvnf; 2rsdK; &Sdygw,f/ wpfrsdK;u AC100V signal jzpfNyD; aemufwpfrsdK;u AC200V signal jzpfygw,f/
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
70
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
a&m? DC signal yg? BudKufwm ay;vkdY&wJh atmufrSm azmfjyxm;ygw,f/ AC signal
vrf; nTef
Omron PLC C200H-IM211
ukd
12 to 24VAC/DC Input Terminal { Omron PLC C200H-IM211 } C200H-IM211 rSm 12~24VAC/DC ukd Input signal tjzpf owfrSwf xm;ygw,f/ qkdvkdwmu C200H-IM211 [m Input Terminal ukd 12 to 24VDC signal jzpfjzpf? 'grSr[kwf 12 to 24VAC signal jzpfjzpf? input signal ay;vkdY&wJh PLC jzpfygw,f/ AC220V ukd power supply tjzpf ay;oGif;&wJh PLC awGrSm input signal u AC type jzpfcJh&if 220VAC ukd signal voltage tjzpf ay;oGif;&ygw,f/ AC100V ukd power supply tjzpf ay;oGif;&wJh PLC awGrSm input signal [m AC type jzpfcJh&if 100VAC ukd signal voltage tjzpf toHk;jyKMuygw,f/
atmufrSm erlemtjzpf Omron PLC CQM1 ukd azmfjyxm;ygw,f/
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
71
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
Omron PLC CQM1-IA121
vrf; nTef
Omron PLC CQM1-IA221
Power Supply ukd AC voltage ay;oGif;&NyD; input signal u DC type jzpfcJh&if tJ'D DC voltage udk PLC xJuae xkwfay;avh&Sdygw,f/ tay:yHkrSmaz:jyxm;ygw,f/ tJ'D DC voltage source udk sensor power output vkdYvnf; ac:ygw,f/
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
72
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
erlemtjzpf Allen-Bradley MicroLogix 1000 ukd atmufrSm azmfjyxm;ygw,f/
olU&JU
DC24V udk PLC &JU Power supply tjzpfay;oGif;&wJh PLC input signal uvnf; DC24V yJ jzpfavh&Sdygw,f/
trsdK;tpm; jzpfcJh&if
erlemtjzpf Mitsubishi PLC FX1N-24MR-DS ukd atmufrSmazmfjyxm;ygw,f/ DC24V Power Supply
Input
DC24V Output for sensors
Output
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
73
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
ay;oGif;&wJh PLC trsdK;tpm;awGrSm ay;oGif;&wJh input signal range twkdif;twm[m trsdK;rsdK;&Sdygw,f/ OyrmtaeeJY azmfjy&&if Omron PLC jzpfwJh CQM1-ID111 eJY ID112 wdkYrSm 12VDC ukd input signal tjzpf owfrSwfxm;ygw,f/ DC input signal
CQM1-ID211 rSm 12 to 24VDC ukd Input signal tjzpf owfrSwfxm;NyD;? CQM1-ID212 rSm 24VDC ukd Input signal tjzpf owfrSwfxm;ygw,f/
atmufu ykHukd
Munfhyg/
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
74
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
Omron PLC CQM1-ID112
vkdY&wJh
vrf; nTef
Omron PLC CQM1-ID111
Input common ikwfukd S/S vdkYra&;yJ COM vkdY a&;xm;NyD; sink eJY source ajymif;quf PLC awGvnf; &SdMuygw,f/ tay:ykHukdMunfhyg/
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
75
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
Omron PLC CQM1-ID211
vrf; nTef
Omron PLC CQM1-ID212
Omron PLC CQM1-ID211 eJY CQM1-ID212 wkdYuawmh sink or source COM vkdY a&;xm;wJh PLC trsdK;tpm;jzpfygw,f/ tay:ykHukdMunfhyg/
qufvkdY&wJh
t0ifikwf Input terminal eJY bHkoufqkdifwJhikwf COM Mum;rSm 24 VDC udk sensor eJY series cHNyD; qufay;&wJh PLC u wpfrsdK;? Input terminal eJY COM terminal Mum;rSm Sensor ukdom wkduf½kdufqufay;&wJh PLC u wpfrsdK;? qkdNyD;awmh 2rsdK; &Sdygw,f/ PLC &JU jyifyuae 24VDC ay;p&mrvkdyJ input device udk t0ifikwf eJY COM ikwfMum; wkduf½kdufquf&wJh trsdK;tpm;ukd No-voltage contact input vkdY ac:ygw,f/ 24VDC signal input type PLC
xm;&ygr,f/
awGrSm 'Dvkd 2rsdK; uGJjym;ao;w,fqkdwmukd rSwfom;
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
76
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
No-Voltage Contact Input trsdK;tpm;ukd
yHk(A) C200H-ID001 Source Input PLC
vrf; nTef
yHk(A) eJY yHk(B) rSm azmfjyxm;ygw,f/
yHk(B) C200H-ID002 Sink Input PLC
No-Voltage Contact Input Terminals of Omron PLC type
atmufyHkrSm Internal 24VDC sensor supply ygwJh PLC ukd azmfjyxm;ygw,f/
COM
vdkY a&;xm;wJh
source input
yHk(A) C200H-ID001 Omron PLC “The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
77
OD;pdk;wifh type
atmufyHkrSm Internal 24VDC PLC ukd azmfjyxm;ygw,f/
PLC sensor supply
ygwJh
COM
vdkY a&;xm;wJh
vrf; nTef sink input
yHk(B) C200H-ID002 Omron PLC yHk(A) C200H-ID001 eJY yHk(B) C200H-ID002 rSm azmfjyxm;wmukd aoaocsmcsm Munhfvkduf&if PLC xJrSm 24VDC udk series jzpfatmifqufxm;wmukd awGU&ygr,f/ COM vkdY a&;xm;NyD; sink input vm;? source input vm;?qkdwm od&zkdY vufawGU wkdif;wm cGJjcm;EkdifwJh enf;vrf;udk atmufrSm azmfjyxm;ygw,f/ 1/ udk,fhvufxJrSm&SdaewJh PLC &JU t0ifikwfawGrSm bm0g,mrQ qufoG,f rxm; bJeJY PLC ukd owfrSwfxm;wJh power supply ukd ay;oGif;vkdufyg/ 2/ PLC ukd power supply ay;oGif;vkduf&if PLC ay:rSm&SdwJh power rD; vif;vm &ygr,f/ PLC u power vufcH&&Sdwmukd azmfjywJh LED rD;vHk; ukd Power, PWR, Pow, pojzifh a&;xm;wwfygw,f/ 3/ PLC &JU t0ifikwfeJY bHkikwf COM Mum;rSm voltmeter ukd qufoG,fNyD; 24VDC &Sdaeovm;? r&Sdbl;vm;? qkdwmukd wkdif;Munhfyg/ DC voltmeter rSm 24V jycJh&if yHk(A) eJY yHk(B) rSm azmfjyxm;ovkdrsdK; t0ifikwfeJY COM ikwfMum;rSm 24VDC ukd “The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
78
OD;pdk;wifh 4/
5/ 6/
PLC
vrf; nTef
PLC xJu qufxm;NyD;om; jzpfygw,f/ tJ'D PLC ukd tjyifuae aemufxyf 24VDC ay;p&m rvkdawmhaMumif; xif&Sm;ygw,f/ tJ'D PLC &JU &Sd&SdorQ? t0ifikwfawGukd 24VDC &Sdr&Sd? wkdif;Munhfyg/ wdkif;Munhf wkdif;vnf; DC voltmeter u 24V jyaeygvdrfhr,f/ 'gqkd&if 'D PLC [mtjyif u 24VDC qufoG,fay;p&m rvkdwJh PLC trsdK;tpm; jzpfygw,f/ COM ikwfu tzkd (+) positive vm;? tr (-) negative vm;? qkdwmukdyg DC voltmeter u jyygvdrfhr,f/ txufygenf;twkdif; DC voltmeter eJY wkdif;MunhfwJhtcgrSm b,ft0ifikwf rSmrS? bm voltage rS? r&Sdbl;qkd&if (voltage rjybl;qkd&if) 'D PLC [m jyify uae 24VDC ukd qufoG,fay;&r,fh PLC trsdK;tpm; jzpfygw,f/ PLC 1vHk;udk power supply ay;NyD; input terminal awGukd DC voltmeter eJY wkdif;MunhfvkdY voltage awGU&SdcJh&if jyifyuae 24VDC ukd xyfrHqufoG,f ay;p&mrvdkwJh PLC trsdK;tpm;jzpfNyD;? wkdif;MunhfvkdY voltage rawGUcJh&if jyifyuae 24VDC ukd xyfrHqufoG,f ay;&r,fh trsdK;tpm; jzpfw,f
qkdwmukd tvG,fwul cGJjcm;odEdkifygw,f/
eJY tvkyfvkyfwJh PLC u tawGU&rsm;wJhtwGuf 'DtrsdK;tpm;eJY qufpyfNyD; qufvufa&;om; azmfjyoGm;ygr,f/ 24VDC signal
ukd input signal tjzpfqufoG,fwJh ae&mrSm PLC type tay:rlwnfNyD; uGJjym;jcm;em;rI&Sdygw,f/ PLC twGuf input signal awG &,lay;wJhypönf;awGukd input devices vkdY ac:ygw,f/ Input devices tcsdKUukd azmfjy&&if? Push Button awG? Toggle switch awG? Limit switch awG? Porximitty switch (sensor) awG? Motor overload relay contact awG? Photo sensor awG? Liquid level switch, Pressure switch, Temperature switch, Flow switch, pwhJ ON/OFF vkyfay;wJh device awG jzpfMuygw,f/ Input device awGeJY PLC udk qufoG,fzkdY t0ifikwf input terminal awG PLC ay:rSm yg&SdMuygw,f/ tJ'D t0ifikwfawGukd input point vkdYvnf; ac:ygw,f/ Input channel vkdYvnf; ac:ygw,f/ IN0 (input zero), IN1 (input one) pojzifh 0 (zero) u pNyD;eHygwf a&;xdk; wwfMuygw,f/ CH0 (channel zero), CH1 (channel one) pojzifhvnf; a&;avh &Sdygw,f/ Input point awGeJY bHkoufqkdifwJh signal t0ifikwfukd COM0, COM1 pojzifh a&;avh &Sdygw,f/ Input device awGeJY PLC ukd qufoG,fwJhtcg PLC &JU type ukd vkdufNyD; sink input a&m? source input ukdyg? BudKufwm 1rsdK; a&G;qufvkdY&wJh PLC &Sdovkd? sink input om qufvkdY&wJh PLC eJY source input om qufvkdY&wJh PLC qkdNyD; oHk;rsdK;oHk;pm; &SdMuygw,f/ 24VDC
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
79
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
eJY Source input 2rsdK; xJu BudKufovkdajymif;vJ qufoG,fEdkifwJh PLC trsdK;tpm;u toHk;jyKol User awGtwGuf tqifajyvkdY toHk;rsm;ygw,f/ PLC &JU Input terminal rSm S/S vkdY a&;xm;wJh t0ifikwf[m sink input 'grSr[kwf source input tjzpf ajymif;vJqufoG,fvkdY&wJh PLC &JU input common ikwf jzpfygw,f/ Input common ikwfukd S/S vdkYra&;yJ COM vkdY a&;xm;NyD; sink eJY source ajymif;qufvkdY&wJh PLC awGvnf; &SdMuygw,f/ Sink input
yHkrSm
sink eJY
C1, C2, C3, C4 vkdY a&;xm;wmu COM1, COM2, COM3, COM4 source ajymif;qufvkdY&wJh COM awGjzpfMuygw,f/
wdkYjzpfNyD;
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
80
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
DC Source Input (AC Power Type) • When using the sensor power supply from the DC OUT terminals built-in 24VDC eJYvnf; sensor udk supply ay;vdkY&ygw,f/
atmufrSmjyxm;ovdk
DC Source Input (AC Power Type) • When using an external power supply sensor udk supply ay;vdkY&ygw,f/
atmufrSmjyxm;ovdk tjyifu
24VDC
eJYvnf;
DC Source Input (DC Power Type)
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
81
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
DC Sink Input (AC Power Type) • When using the sensor power supply from the DC OUT terminals
DC Sink Input (AC Power Type) • When using an external power supply
DC Sink Input (DC Power Type)
AC Input
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
82
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
OyrmtaeeJY azmfjy&&if Omron PLC jzpfwJh CPM1A-30CDR rSm input signal common ikwfukd COM vkdY a&;xm;ygw,f/ Sink input tjzpf qufcsif&ifvnf; qufvkdY&ovkd source input tjzpf qufcsif&ifvnf; qufvkdY&ygw,f/ Power supply Input
Battery
Output
yHkrSm azmfjyxm;wJUtwkdif; sink input tjzpf qufoG,f csif&if COM qkdwJh t0ifikwfukd 24VDC &JUtrikwf(-) Negative eJY quf&ygw,f/ Source input tjzpf qufoG,f csif&if COM ukd 24VDC &JUtzkdikwf (+) Positive eJY quf&ygw,f/
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
83
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
Sink input
omqufvkdY&wJh
Siemens PLC S7-200 CPU224
vrf; nTef
ukd atmufrSm azmfjy
xm;ygw,f/
Output
Input
u xkwfvkyfwJh Micro PLC trsdK;tpm;xJu S7-200 CPU224 qkdwJh PLC rSm bHkoufqkdifwJh t0ifikwf (common terminal) ukd 1M, 2M vkdY M eJY a&;om;azmfjy xm;yg w,f/ *smrefvkd (Masse = reference potential) bHkoufqkdifaomqkdwJh t"dyÜg,feJY M vYkd a&; xm;wm jzpfygw,f/ Siemens
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
84
OD;pdk;wifh Source input
PLC
vrf; nTef
omqufvkdY&wJh COM trsdK;tpm; GE Fanuc PLC ukd atmufrSm azmfjyxm;ygw,f/
S/S vkdYa&;xm;wmawGU&if Sink/Source qkdwJh t"dyÜg,fjzpfygw,f/ S/S [m input signal common ikwfjzpfygw,f/ COM vkdY t0ifikwfrSma&;xm;&if sink input tjzpfom qufvkdY&wJh COM vm;? source input tjzpfom qufvkdY&wJh COM vm;? sink input eJY source input BudKufovkdqufvkdY&wJh COM vm;qkdwm aocsmodatmif avhvm
t0ifikwfrSm
Munfh½I &ygr,f/
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
85
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
OyrmtaeeJY azmfjy&&if Delta PLC jzpfwJh DVP-32EH rSm input common ikwfukd S/S vkdY a&;xm;wJhtwGuf sink input tjzpf qufcsif&ifvnf; qufvkdY&ovkd source input tjzpf qufcsif&ifvnf; qufvkdY&ygw,f/ DVP-32EH [PLC]
atmufyHkrSm
COM vdkYa&;xm;NyD; sink input tjzpfqufjyxm;ygw,f/
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
86
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
Output Wiring
wkdif;rSm t0ifikwfeJY txGufikwfawGukd ae&mcGJjcm;NyD; wyfqifxkwfvkyfavh &Sdyg w,f/ txGufikwfawGrSm 0g,mqufoG,fr,fqkd&if PLC &JU txGuftrsdK;tpm; Output type ukd odatmift&if Munhf&ygr,f/ Discrete Output type PLC rSm Output trsdK;tpm; 3 rsdK;&Sdygw,f/ PLC 1vHk;rSm Output type 1rsdK;om yg0ifavh &Sdygw,f/ PLC &JU Output type oHk;rsdK; uawmh (1) Relay output (2) Transistor output eJY (3) TRIAC Output wkdY jzpfMuygw,f/ PLC
(1) Relay Output
trsdK;tpm;
Relay output PLC &JU txGufykdif;rSm Miniature Electromechanical Relay awG yg&Sd ygw,f/ Relay &JU coil ukd 5V ay;&NyD; N.O contact 1ckomygwJh relay awGukd oHk;pGJavh &Sdygw,f/ Relay coil udk PLC &JU internal circuit uae energize jzpfapygw,f/ Energize jzpfzkdY? rjzpfzkdYukd CPU u qHk;jzwfcsufay;ygw,f/ Output contact eJY output terminal ukd pmrsufESm 47 rSmjyxm;wJhtwkdif; qufoG,fay;xm;ygw,f/ Output point 1cktwGuf Relay 1vHk; oHk;xm;ygw,f/ Output point 8ck &Sd&if tJ'D PLC xJrSm Relay 8vHk; yg&Sd ygw,f/ N.O contact rSm 0g,mqufp&m tp 2p &Sdygw,f/ 1p udk Output terminal eJY qufxm;NyD;? usef 1p ukd COM (common) terminal eJY qufxm;ygw,f/ tJ'D 2p pvHk; PLC xJrSm qufxm;
wmjzpfygw,f/ 2ck? 3ck? yg&SdcJh&if COM0, COM1, COM2, ..... pojzifh a&;rSwfxm; b,ftxGufikwfeJY oufqkdifw,f? COM1 u b,ftxGufikwfeJY oufqkdifw,f? qkdwm wdwdusus od&zdkYtwGuf PLC &JU specifications okdYr[kwf Hardware Manual odkYr[kwf User Manual awGrSm &SmazGMunfh½I&ygw,f/ COM terminal ygw,f/ COM0 u
yHkrSm FX1N-24MR udk erlemtjzpfazmfjyxm;ygw,f/ yHkrSm COM0 u Y0 eJY? COM1 u Y1 eJY? COM2 u Y2 eJY? om oufqkdifygw,f/ COM3 u Y3, Y4, Y5 eJYom oufqkdifygw,f/ COM4 u Y6, Y7, Y10, Y11 eJYom oufqkdifygw,f/ Octal number udk toHk;jyKxm;vkdY Y8 eJY Y9 ryg&Sdwm jzpfygw,f/ “The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
87
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
&JU coil eJY contact Mum;rSm vQyfppfqufoG,frI vHk;0r&Sdygbl;/ oHvkduf tm;vrf;aMumif;eJYom qufoG,frI &Sdygw,f/ tJ'gudk electrically isolated, magnetically coupled vkdY ac:ygw,f/ Output relay
&JUyHkukd erlemtjzpf azmfjyxm;ygw,f/ odoGm;apcsifvkdY jzpfygw,f/ Relay
Relay
tvkyfvkyfyHk oabmw&m; ukd
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
88
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
&JU coil xJpD;wJh current eJY contact xJpD;wJh current wkdY[m woD; wjcm;pD jzpfMuygw,f/ Relay output &JU capacity ukd contact rating eJY azmfjyMuygw,f/ awGU&avh&SdwJh wefzkd; typical value u 250VAC, 2A okYdr[kwf 30VDC, 2A jzpfygw,f/ Contact open uae close jzpfzkdY MumwJhtcsdefumvukd OFF to ON transition delay vkdY ac:ygw,f/ Switching delay vkdYvnf; ac:ygw,f/ Relay output PLC rSm OFF to ON = 10 ms MumjrifhNyD;? ON to OFF = 10 ms Mumyg w,f/ ON jzpfvkduf OFF jzpfvkduf tBudrfaygif; 300000 txd rysufrpD; toHk;jyK Ekdifw,fvkdY specifications rSm a&;xm;ygw,f/ Relay Output [m voltage free contact output jzpfvkdY output terminal udk AC eYJqufoG,f toHk;jyKvkdY&ovkd? DC eJYvnf; qufoG,ftoHk;jyKvkdY &ygw,f/ Output relay
(2) Transistor Output trsd K ;tpm;
&JU txGufykdif;rSm Transistor udk output device tjzpf xnhfoGif; wnfaqmuf xm;ygw,f/ Output transistor 2rsdK; 2pm; &Sdygw,f/ wpfrsdK;u PNP transistor jzpfNyD; usefwpfrsdK;u NPN transistor jzpfygw,f/ Transistor output type PLC &JU txGufikwfawGudk qufoG,ftoHk;jyKwJh tcg DC wpfrsdK;wnf;udkom qufoG,fvkdY&ygw,f/ Transistor output PLC
eJY output transistor Mum;rSm optocoupler ukd Mum;cH xnhfoGif; wnfaqmufxm;ygw,f/ tJ'gudk electrically isolated, optically coupled vkdY ac:ygw,f/ Internal circuit xJrSm pD;wJh current eJY Output transistor xJrSm pD;wJh current wkdY[m woD; wjcm;pD jzpfMuygw,f/ Typical output capacity uawmh 30VDC, 200mA jzpfygw,f/ Switching delay uawmh OFF to ON = 20µs jzpfNyD; ON to OFF = 50µs jzpfMuygw,f/ Output ikwfuae current pD;xGuf&if source output vkYd ac:NyD; Output ikwfxJukd current pD;0if&if sink output vdkY ac:ygw,f/ yHkrSm jyxm;ovkd NPN output jzpfcJh&if sink output vdkY ac:ygw,f/ COM terminal uae current pD;xGufNyD; Output terminal xJukd pD;0ifygw,f/ Internal circuit
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
89
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
yHkrSm jyxm;ovkd PNP Output jzpfcJh&if source output trsdK;tpm;vdkY ac:ygw,f/ Output terminal uae current pD;xGufNyD; COM xJukd pD;0ifygw,f/ PNP output qkd&if source output tjzpf COM ikwfukd tzkd (+) positive voltage eJY qufay;&rSm jzpfygw,f/ NPN output qkd&if sink output tjzpf COM ukd tr (−) negative voltage eJY qufay;&rSm jzpfygw,f/ (3) TRIAC Output trsd K ;tpm;
&JU txGufykdif;rSm TRIAC ukd output device tjzpf xnfhoGif; wnfaqmufxm; ygw,f/ Triac output udk SSR (Solid State Relay) output vkdYvnf; ac:ygw,f/ yHkrSm azmfjyxm;ygw,f/ Triac output PLC
eJY Output Triac Mum;rSm optocoupler ukd Mum;cHtjzpf xnfhoGif; wnfaqmufxm;ygw,f/ 'Dae&mrSmoHk;wJh optocoupler u LED eJY photodiac twGJ jzpfygw,f/ DIAC ukd diode AC vkdY vnf;ac:ygw,f/ Optocoupler xJrSmyg&SdwJh LED uxGufwJh tvif;a&mif[m photodiac ay:usa&mufNyD; photodiac udk ON jzpfapygw,f/ Internal circuit
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
90
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
Photodiac ON jzpfwJhtcg olYxJukd AC jzwfpD;EkdifNyD; Output Triac &JU Gate current pD;oGm;vdkY Output Triac [m ON jzpfoGm;ygw,f/ Triac Output PLC &JU typical output capacity u 250VAC, 400mA jzpfygw,f/ Switching delay u OFF to ON = 1ms eJY ON to OFF = 10ms jzpfygw,f/ txGufikwfukd qufoG,ftoHk;jyKwJhtcg AC eJYom qufoG,ftoHk;jyKEkdifygw,f/ DC eJYqufoG,ftoHk;jyK cJh&if Output ON jzpfNyD;&if b,fawmhrS OFF jyefrjzpfawmhygbl;/ bmaMumifhvJqkdwmukd Triac taMumif; em;vnfod&SdNyD;olwkdif; rSwfrdMuvdrfhr,fxifygw,f/ tckxd &Sif;vif;azmfjyay;cJhwmawG[m Compact PLC (Integrated PLC) ukd tajccH NyD; a&;om;cJhwmjzpfygw,f/ Modular PLC rSmvnf; 'Dvkyfaqmifcsuf function awGtwkdif;yJ aqmif&Gufygw,f/ Power supply module u oD;jcm;oyfoyf? Input module u oyfoyf? Output module u oyfoyf? cGJjcm;wnfaqmufxm;wmyJ uGmjcm;ygw,f/
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
91
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
Compact PLC
(1) (2)
vrf; nTef
rSm yJjzpfjzpf? Modular PLC rSmyJjzpfjzpf PLC wiring eJY ywfoufNyD; jyefvnf pkpnf; azmfjy&&if
Power supply ay;wJhtcg AC eJY DC qkdNyD; 2rsdK; isolation transformer ukd oHk;oifhygw,f/ Input signal ay;wJhtcg Analog eJY Discrete
2pm; uGJjym;ygw,f/
AC
qkd&if
qkdNyD;
signal type
2rsdK;uGJjym;
eJY
qkdNyD;
ygw,f/ (3)
Discrete siganl
ay;oGif;wJh ae&mrSmvnf;
AC
DC
signal
2rsdK;2pm;
&Sdygw,f/ (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12)
DC signal ay;oGif;wJh tcgrSmvnf; Sink eJY Source qkdNyD; uGJjym;ygw,f/ PLC &JU output rSmvnf; Analog eJY Discrete qkdNyD; output 2rsdK; &Sdygw,f/ Discrete output rSm (1) Relay Output (2) Transistor Output PNP or NPN eJY (3) TRIAC output qkNd yD; Output type 3rsdK; uGJjym;ygw,f/ Relay Output udk AC okdYr[kwf DC eJY qufoG,ftoHk;jyK Ekdifygw,f/ Transistor Output rSm PNP Output u source output jzpfNyD; NPN Output u sink output jzpfygw,f/ Transistor Output ukd DC eJYom qufoG,ftoHk;jyKEkdifygw,f/ Triac Output ukd AC eJYom qufoG,ftoHk;jyKEkdifygw,f/ Discrete Input rSma&m? Discrete Output rSmyg isolation yg&Sdygw,f/ Isolation &JU obm0owdåaMumifh Power supply ukd rSm;qufrdvkdYyJjzpfjzpf? I/O wiring ukd rSm;qufrdwmyJjzpfjzpf? PLC ysufpD;oGm;cJh&if CPU eJY Memory wkdYukd
vHk;0rxdckduf rysufpD;apEkdifygbl;/ (13) Compact PLC rSm txufyg (12) rSmvkd rSm;vkdY PLC ysufcJh&if? PLC topf 1vHk; vJvS,fwyfqifNyD;? Configuration vnf; jyefvkyf&ygw,f/ Program vnf; jyefa&;xnfh&ygw,f/ (14) Modular PLC rSm txufyg (12) rSmvkd rSm;vkdY PLC ysufcJh&if Power Supply Module aMumifhqkd&if? Power Supply Module topf 1ck vJvS,f wyfqif½HkeJY PLC ukd jyefoHk;vkdY &Ekdifygw,f/ Output wiring aMumifh PLC ysufwmjzpfcJh&if? tJ'D Output module udk topf vJvS,fwyfqif½HkeJY PLC ukd jyefoHk;vkdY &ygw,f/ Configuration jyefvkyfzkdYrvkdygbl;/ Program jyefa&;zkdY rvdkygbl;/ Modular System u Module wpfckcsif;pDom ysufpD;avh &SdwJh twGuf troubleshoot vkyf&wmvnf; vG,fulygw,f/ jyKjyif&wmvnf; jrefqefygw,f/ 'gaMumifh Process Control awGrSm Modular PLC ukdom toHk;jyKMuygw,f/
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
92
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC Control panel xJ r S m PLC ud k
vrf; nTef
wwfqifxm;yHk
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
93
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
tcef; (6) Sink & Source taMumif;/ 'Dtcef;ukd zwf&IavhvmNyD;oGm;wJhtcgrSm? 1/ Sink/Source &JUt"dyÜg,f? 2/ Sink output sensor ukd Source input PLC eJY qufoG,f&r,f? 3/ Source output sensor ukd Sink input PLC eJY qufoG,f&r,f? 4/ b,f PLC udk? b,fvdk sensor rsdK;eJY? qufoG,f&r,f? qdkwmawGukd aumif;pGm em;vnf oabmayguf oGm;ygvdrfhr,f/ Sink/Source qdkwm dc current direction udk ajymwmjzpfygw,f/ PLC eJY wGJzuftoHk; jyK&wJh discrete sensor awGrSm contact output sensor eJY transistor output sensor qkdNyD; 2rsdK; 2pm; &Sdygw,f/ Transistor output sensor qkd&if dc current om jzwfoef;pD;qif;vkdY &ygw,f/ yHkrSm 3-wire type sensor 1ckeJY Lamp ukd qufoG,f +24V xm;ygw,f/ DC power supply ukd yHkxJrSmazmfjy xm;wJh twkdif; +24V eJY 0V vkdY a&;xm;&if Battery &JU (+) terminal + Sensor OUT – Lamp
0V +24V
Lamp + Sensor – 0V
OUT
+24V line eJY qufxm;wmjzpfygw,f/ Battery &JU (−) terminal u 0V line eJY qufxm;ygw,f/ Å 'DyHkrSmvkd qufoG,fxm;wJY sensor ukd positive switching sensor vkdY ac:ygw,f/ Sensor activate jzpfwJhtcg +24V line eJY OUT ukd qufoG,fay;vkdufvkdY positive switching vkdY ac:wmjzpfygw,f/ Sensor activate jzpfwJhtcg Sensor &JU OUT terminal uae vQyfppf? pD;xGufvmNyD; Lamp
u
xJukd pD;0ifoGm;ygw,f/ Lamp uvnf; ON jzpfygw,f/ Sensor [m transistor output jzpfcJY&if PNP type transistor udk toHk;jyKxm;ygw,f/ Å 'DyHkrSmu negative switching yHkpH jzpfygw,f/ Sensor activate jzpf&if negative line 0V eJY OUT ukd qufoG,f ay;vkdufvkdY negative switching vkdY ac:wm jzpfygw,f/ Sensor = ON jzpf&if Lamp = ON jzpfygw,f/ Lamp = ON jzpfwJhtcg Lamp xJu current pD;xGuf vmNyD; sensor &JU OUT terminal xJukd pD;0ifoGm;ygw,f/ Sensor [m transistor output jzpfcJY&if NPN type transistor udk toHk;jyK xm;ygw,f/
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
94
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
OUT terminal uae
vQyfppf current pD;xGufvmwJh sensor rsdK;ukd source output sensor vkdY ac:ygw,f/ OUT terminal xJ u k d current pD ; 0if o G m ;wJ h sensor rsd K ;uk d sink output sensor vk d Y ac:ygw,f/ Sensor activate jzpf w J Y tcsd e f r S m output transistor u ON jzpf c J Y & if ol Y u d k N.O vd k Y ac:ygw,f/ Sensor activate jzpf w J Y tcsd e f r S m output transistor u OFF jzpf c J Y & if ol Y u d k N.C vd k Y owfrSwfygw,f/
PLC eJY wGJzuftoHk;jyK&wJh discrete sensor awG[m transistor output trsdK;tpm; jzpfcJh&if open collector output trsdK;tpm; jzpfMuygw,f/ PNP transistor ukd output transistor tjzpfoHk;cJh&ifvnf; tJ'D transistor &JU collector ukd output terminal eJY qufoG,f
xm;ygw,f/
tay:yHkrSm PNP transistor ukd sensor ukd azmfjyxm;wm jzpfygw,f/ emitter to collector jzpfygw,f/
output transistor tjzpf toHk;jyKxm;wJh source output PNP transistor xJ pD;qif;wJh dc current direction [m
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
95
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
NPN transistor ukd output transistor tjzpf toHk;jyKxm;&ifvnf; collector ukd output terminal eJY qufoG,fxm;ygw,f/
tJ'D
vrf; nTef
transistor
&JU
tay:yHkrSm NPN transistor ukd output transistor tjzpf toHk;jyKxm;wJh sink output sensor ukd azmfjyxm;wm jzpfygw,f/ NPN transistor xJ pD;qif;wJh dc current direction [m collector to emitter jzpfygw,f/ PLC eJY qufoG,fwJh Sensor wpfck[m PNP vm;? NPN vm;? qdkwmudk cGJjcm;odzdkY vdktyfygw,f/ 'grSom b,f PLC udk? b,fvdk sensor rsdK;eJY? qufoG,f&r,f qdkwmudk odEdkifygw,f/ Contact output sensor qkd&if dc current a&m ac current yg jzwfoef;pD;qif;vkdY &ygw,f/ Contact output ukd voltage free contact (potential free contact) vkdY ac:ygw,f/ Oyrmjy&&if Electromagnetic Relay &JU output contact jzpfygw,f/ Contact qkd&if current direction 2rsdK;pvHk; jzwfoef;pD;qif;vkdY &ygw,f/ 'gaMumifh contact output trsdK;tpm;ukd sink jzpfap? source jzpfap? BudKufovkd qufoG,fvkdY &ygw,f/
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
96
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
Oyrm? Limit switch [m contact output trsdK;tpm; sensor wpfckjzpfygw,f/ Momentary contact awGrSm contact form oHk;rsdK;&Sdygw,f/ Form A, Form B eJY Form C wdkY jzpfMuygw,f/ N.O udk Form A vdkY ac:ygw,f/ N.C udk Form B vdkY ac:ygw,f/ N.O a&m? N.C yg? ESpfrsdK;pvHk;ygwmukd Form C vdkY ac:ygw,f/
yHkrSm
limit switch ukd sink output tjzpf source input PLC eJY qufoG,f&ygw,f/
qufoG,fxm;ygw,f/
Sink output sensor ukd
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
97
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
yHkrSm limit switch ukd source output tjzpfqufoG,fxm;ygw,f/ Source output sensor udk sink input PLC eJY qufoG,f&ygw,f/ Sink / Source eJY N.O / N.C udk qufpyfNyD;? aumif;aumif; em;vnfoabmaygufzdkY vdktyfygw,f/ 'grSom PLC program udk zwfwJYtcg rSefrSefuefuef bmomjyefEdkifrSm jzpfyg w,f/ Sensor &JU specification rSm wcgw&H sink / source eJY azmfjyNyD;? rsm;aomtm;jzifh PNP/NPN tjzpfeJYom azmfjyavh&Sdygw,f/ PLC eJY qufoG,fzkdY sensor ukd a&G;cs,fwJhtcgrSmyJjzpfjzpf? vuf&Sd sensor eJY PLC ukd qufoG,fwJhtcgrSmyJjzpfjzpf? sensor &JU output type ukd odatmif t&ifvkyf&rSm jzpfygw,f/ Sensor type ukd odNyD;awmhrS sink yHkpHeJY qufoG,f&rSmvm;? source yHkpHeJY qufoG,f&rSmvm; qkdwmukd a&G;cs,f pDpOfEkdifrSmjzpfygw,f/
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
98
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
yHkrSm azmfjyxm;wJh proximity sensor [m transistor ukd output tjzpfoHk;xm; ygw,f/
source output type
vrf; nTef
jzpfwJhtwGuf
PNP
yHkrSm azmfjyxm;wJh proximity sensor [m sink output transistor ukd output tjzpfoHk;xm;wJh trsdK;tpm; jzpfygw,f/
type
jzpfwJhtwGuf
NPN
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
99
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
PLC &JU input rSmyg&SdwJh COM (common) terminal ukd sensor power supply &JU negative (-ve) eJY wkduf½kdufqufoG,fxm;&if sink input PLC jzpfNyD; COM terminal ukd sensor twGufay;wJh power supply &JU positive (+ve) eJY wkduf½kduf qufoG,fxm;&if source input PLC jzpfw,fvkdY rSwfom;xm;Ekdifygw,f/ Sink input qkdwm input terminal xJukd DC current pD;0ifwmukd ac:wmjzpfNyD;? source input qkdwm input terminal xJu DC current pD;xGufwmukd ac:wmjzpfygw,f/ Sink output qkdwm output terminal xJukd DC current pD;0ifwmukd source output qkdwm output terminal xJu DC current pD;xGufwmukd ac:wm
yHkrSm Flame sensor A, B, C 3ck pvHk;ukd PLC yHkpH jzpfygw,f/
PLC
ac:wmjzpfNyD;? jzpfygw,f/
eJY qufoG,fxm;wJY yHkpH[m
sink input
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
100
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
Inductive Proximity Sensors
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
101
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
tcef; (7) Fail-Safe taMumif;/ 'Dtcef;ukd zwf&IavhvmNyD;oGm;wJhtcgrSm? 1/ Fail-safe &JU t"dyÜg,fu b,fvkd&Sdw,f? 2/ Alarm system udk fail-safe jzpfatmif b,fvkd design jyKvkyf&r,f? 3/ Control system udk fail-safe condition &&Sdatmif b,fvkd pOf;pm;aqmif&Guf&r,f? 4/ N.O/N.C udk Fail-safe jzpfatmif b,fvkd pOf;pm;a&G;cs,f&r,f? qdkwmawGukd aumif;pGm em;vnf oabmayguf oGm;ygvdrfhr,f/ rSma&m? process control rSmyg? control system csdKU,Gif;rIqdkwm jzpfwwfygw,f/ tJ'DvkdcsKdU,Gif;wmukd system fail jzpfw,fvkdY ac:ygw,f/ Fail-safe qkdwmu csdKU,Gif;rIwpHkw&mjzpfay:cJh&if vla&m? pufyg xdckdufepfemqHk;½HI;rI tenf;qHk;jzpfatmif vkyfaqmifay;wmukd ac:ygw,f/ tJ'Dvkd fail-safe jzpfatmif tum tuG,fay;wJh tpDtrHukd fail-safe design vkdY ac:wmjzpfygw,f/ csdKU,Gif;rI failure jzpfEkdifwJh tajctaeoHk;rsdK; &Sdygw,f/ yxrwpfrsdK;u power supply failure jzpfygw,f/ Power fail vkdY ac:ygw,f/ 'kwd, wpfrsdK;u signal failure jzpfygw,f/ Signal fail vkdY ac:ygw,f/ wwd, wpfrsdK;u xdef;ausmif;wJhpepfcsdKU,Gif;rI control system failure jzpfygw,f/ System fail vkdY ac:ygw,f/ puf½Hk? tvkyf½HkawGrSm 'Dvdk csdKU,Gif;rI failure awG jzpfay:vmcJh&if vla&m? pufyg? rxdckdufrysufpD;ap&atmif pDrHaqmif&GufrIawGukd BudKwifpOf;pm;? pDpOfvkyfaqmif xm;Mu& ygw,f/ vHk;0 rxdckdufatmif? rysufpD;atmif? rvkyfEkdifcJh&ifawmifrS? xdckdufepfemqHk;½IH;rI? tenf;qHk;jzpfatmif pDrHxm;Mu&ygw,f/ Machine control
Fail safe design taMumif ; uk d process control Oyrmwpf c k e J Y
&Sif;vif;azmfjyay;ygr,f/
a&uae a&aEG;aiGUjzpfatmif jyKvkyfay;wJh steam generating plant (boiler) wpfckrSm boiler tkd; steam drum xJukd a&jznfhoGif;wJh ykdufvkdif;rSm a&oGif;Am; control valve wyfqif xm;ygw,f/ tJ'D valve udk boiler feed water control valve vkdY ac:ygw,f/ Boiler water level udk automatic level controller eJY control vkyfxm;ygw,f/ owfrSwfxm;wJh water level rSm a&tNrJ&Sdaeatmif? vkdtyfwJh setpoint xuf avsmhenf; oGm;&if? a&ukdykdjznfhay;NyD;? vkdtyfwJh setpoint xufykdrsm;vm&if a&jznfhoGif;wmukd avQmhay; &ygw,f/ Control valve ukd enf;enf;zGifh? rsm;rsm;zGifhvkdY? ckdif;wJh signal ukd controller u xkwfvTwf ay;ygw,f/ Control valve wkdif;rSm signal r&&if (signal fail jzpfcJh&if) open jzpf oGm;wJh valve trsdK;tpm; eJY? signal r&&if close jzpfoGm;wJh valve trsdK;tpm;? qkdNyD; ESpfrsdK; ESpfpm; &Sdygw,f/ Signal r&&if yGifhaewJh valve trsdK;tpm;ukd F.O (Failure Open) trsdK;tpm;vkdY ac:yg w,f/ Signal r&Sd&if valve [myGifhaeNyD;? signal ay;rS valve ydwfoGm;ygw,f/ “The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
102
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
Signal r&&if ydwfaewJh valve trsdK;tpm;ukd F.C (Failure Closed) vkdY ac:NyD;? signal r&Sd&if valve [m ydwfaeygw,f/ Signal ay;rS valve yGifhoGm;ygw,f/ Fail-safe jzpfatmifvkdY boiler feed water control valve ukd F.O (Failure Open) trsdK; tpm; valve ukdyJ oHk;Mu&ygw,f/ 'grSom control signal jywfawmufoGm;cJh&if (control valve qDukd signal ay;ykdYwJh line csdKU,Gif;oGm;cJh&if) valve [m fully open jzpfoGm;rSmjzpfygw,f/ Boiler rSm a&awGjynhfNyD; vQHusoGm;&ifvnf; steam qufrxkwfEkdifawmhwJhtwGuf xdckdufepfemrI jzpfrSmygyJ/ 'gayr,fh boiler rSm a&vHk;0cef;ajcmufoGm;vkdY jzpfay:vmr,fh xdckdufepfem qHk;½IH;rIu ykdNyD;awmh BuD;rm;ygw,f/ Boiler a&cef;vkdY boiler tube awG uGJcJhMu&ygw,f/ 'gaMumifh fail-safe jzpfzkdY boiler feed water control valve ukd signal-to-close (Failure Open) F.O trsdK;tpm;ukd a&G;cs,fwyfqif toHk;jyKMu&ygw,f/ Industrial alarm system awGtm;vHk;ukd fail-safe jzpfatmif pDrHxm;Muygw,f/ Power supply rjywfawmuf&atmifvkdY UPS (Un-interruptable Power Supply) ukd toHk;jyKMu&yg w,f/ tEÅ&m,fBuD;rm;wJh puf½HkawGrSmqkd&if UPS ESpfvHk;ukd hot stand-by pepfeJY wyfqif xm;Muygw,f/ tJ'gukd redundancy vkdY ac:ygw,f/ UPS ESpfxyfuGrf; wyfqif xm;wm jzpfygw,f/ ½Hk;oHk; computer eJY tdrfoHk; computer awGrSm wyfqif toHk;jyKavh&SdwJh UPS pepfu Off-line UPS pepfjzpfygw,f/ Computer ukd ay;ykdYxm;wJh vQyfppf"gwftm; jywf awmuf oGm;rS UPS u tpm;0ifa&mufNyD; power ay;wJh tvkyfukd vkyfwm jzpfygw,f/ puf½HkawGrSm oHk;wJh UPS u Online UPS pepfjzpfygw,f/ UPS uae xkwfay;wJh power supply udk control system rSm tNrJwrf;oHk;xm;wm jzpfygw,f/ vQyfppf"gwftm; jywfawmuf oGm;rS UPS u power ukd ,loHk;wmr[kwfygbl;/ UPS rSmyg&SdwJh battery uae xkwfvkyfwJh AC power udk tNrJoHk;aewm jzpfygw,f/ vQyfppf"gwftm;&&SdaewJhtcgrSm UPS &JU battery ukd charge tNrJvkyfaeygw,f/ tJ'D battery u xkwfvkyfay;wJh AC power supply ukd control system, eJY alarm system awGu tNrJ&,loHk;pGJaeMuwm jzpfygw,f/ Fail-safe alarm system wckukd Oyrmtjzpfjy&&if? tylcsdefvGefuJvm&if toHjrnfNyD;? tcsufjyrD; vif;wJh Temperature High Alarm wckukd
pOf;pm;MunhfMu&atmif/
owfrSwfay;xm;wJhtylcsdefxuf ausmfvGefNyDjzpfaMumif;ukd temperature sensor for high (TSH) u apmifhMunhfNyD; alarm system udk owif;ykdY&rSm jzpfygw,f/ Sensor uae alarm system ukd vQyfppftcsufjy signal eJY owif;ykdYwJhtcgrSm enf;ESpfenf; eJY owif;ykdYvkdY&ygw,f/ wpfenf;u vQyfppfpD;aMumif;jzpfay:apwJh closed contact (ON signal) eJY owif;ykdYwmjzpfygw,f/ aemufwpfenf;uawmh vQyfppfpD;aMumif; jywfawmufapwJh open contact (OFF signal) eJY owif;ydkYwmjzpfygw,f/ Temperature Switch for High (TSH) u xkwfvTwfay;wJh alarm signal ukd &&SdwJh tcgrSm alarm system u toHjrnfNyD; oufqkdif&m tcsufjyrD;jzpfwJh TSH qkdwJh annunciator lamp rD;vif;&rSm jzpfygw,f/ “The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
103
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
Industrial alarm system awGukd fail-safe jzpfatmif design vkyfxm;MuwmjzpfvkdY OFF signal (open contact) &rSom alarm jrnfygw,f/ Alarm sensor eJY alarm system udk quf oG,fxm;wJh 0g,m signal line jywfawmuf oGm;cJh&ifvnf; oufqkdif&m alarm jrnfygw,f/ 'DtcgrSm jrnf&r,fhtaMumif; r&SdygbJeJY alarm jrnfwmukd operator u odwJhtcg ppfaq;
Munfh½I vkdufawmh 0g,mjywfwmudk csufcsif; odEkdifygw,f/ tu,fíom industrial alarm system ukd ON signal &rS alarm jrnfatmif design vkyfxm;r,fqkd&if alarm sensor uae ON signal (closed contact) ay;rS oufqkdif&m alarm jrnfNyD; rD;vif;rSm jzpfygw,f/ wu,fvkdY alarm sensor eJY alarm system ukd qufoG,f xm;wJh 0g,m signal line jywfawmufoGm;cJh&if alarm jrnfrSm r[kwfygbl;/ Alarm system u ON signal &rS alarm jrnfatmif wnfaqmufxm;wmaMumifh jzpfygw,f/ 'Dvkd 0g,mjywfvkdY jywfrSef;rod&bJ &SdaewJhtcsdeftcgrSm alarm sensor u ON signal (closed contact) eJY alarm jrnfzdkYtwGuf signal ykdYvTwfcJh&if 0g,mjywfaeNyD; jzpfwmaMumifh alarm system qDukd tJ'D signal a&muf&SdvmrSm r[kwfygbl;/ oufqkdif&m alarm vnf; jrnfrSm r[kwfygbl;/ Alarm jrnf&r,fh xl;jcm;wJhtajctaerSm alarm rjrnfwm[m tEÅ&m,f BuD;ygw,f/ oifhawmfwJhta&;,laqmif&GufrIukd tcsdefrD rjyKvkyfEdkifMuvkdY jzpfyg w,f/ 'gaMumifhrkdY industrial alarm system awGudk wnfaqmuf toHk;jyKMuwJhtcgrSm fail-safe jzpfatmifvkdY open-to-alarm jzpfatmif design vkyfxm;wm jzpfygw,f/ tJ'Dvdk aqmif&Guf wmukd open disturbance vkdYvnf; ac:ygw,f/ Alarm rjrnf&r,fh omreftajctae normal condition rSm sensor eJY alarm system ukd qufoG,fwJh signal line tm;vHk;[m closed circuit jzpfae&ygr,f/ vQyfppfpD;ae&ygr,f/ 'grSom signal line open jzpfoGm;&ifvnf; alarm jrnfr,f/ xl;jcm;wJhtajctaerSm alarm signal &cJh&ifvnf; alarm jrnfrSm jzpfygw,f/ Control system okdYr[kwf alarm system wpfckudk fail-safe jzpfatmif pDrHaqmif&Gufr,f qkd&if system engineer wkdY? process engineer wkdYeJY yl;aygif;aqmif&Guf&ygw,f/ Fail jzpf&if ab;uif;wJhtajctae fail-safe condition eJY control device awGukd ab;uif;atmif xm;&Sd &r,fh taetxm; fail-safe position ukd olwkdYxHu twnfjyKcsuf &,l&ygw,f/ Fail-safe jzpf w J h condition eJ Y position uk d OD ; pG m twnf j yKNyD ; rS o m control system okdYr[kwf alarm system ukd design vkyf wnfaqmuf&ygw,f/
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
104
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
PLC program a&;wJh tcgrSmvnf; PLC &JU input device awGjzpfwJh sensor awGrSm N.O output xkwfay;wJh sensor &,f? N.C output xkwfay;wJh sensor &,f? qkdNyD; ESpfrsdK;ESpfpm;? &Sdyg w,f/ tJ'D sensor &JU N.O/N.C udk fail-safe jzpfatmifpOf;pm;NyD;? a&G;cs,f toHk;jyK&ygw,f/ N.O ukdoHk;rvm;? N.C ukdoHk;rvm;qkdwmukd t&ifOD;qHk;? pOf;pm;a&G;cs,fNyD;rS PLC program ukd a&;&ygw,f/ N.O udk Form A contact, N.C udk Form B contact vdkYvnf; ac:Muygw,f/ OyrmtaeeJY ajym&&if? three phase motor control ukd PLC eJY aqmif&Gufapr,f qkd&if? Start P.B ukd (N.O) oHk;NyD;? Stop P.B ukd (N.C) oHk;&ygw,f/ Motor ukd &yfcsifwJh tcgrSm &yfvdkYr&wmu ab;tEÅ&m,fykdBuD;w,fvkdY owfrSwfMuygw,f/ Motor ukd vnfcsifwJh tcg rSm vnfvkdYr&wmeJY EIdif;pm&if motor ukd &yfcsifwJhtcgrSm &yfvdkYr&wmu ykdNyD;xdckduf epfem
qHk;½IH;rIBuD;rm;w,fvkdY owfrSwfygw,f/ PLC &JU input point wpfck ukd Start P.B (N.O) eJY qufoG,fNyD;? Input point aemuf wck rSm Stop P.B (N.C) ukd qufoG,f&ygw,f/ Motor vnfywfaewJh tcsdefrSm taMumif; wpHkw&m aMumifh Stop P.B uvmwJh wire jywfawmufoGm;cJh&if Motor &yfoGm;ygvdrhfr,f/ tJ'Dvdk jzpfrS fail-safe jzpfygw,f/ tJ'Dvkd fail-safe jzpfatmif Stop P.B ukd N.C tjzpf a&G;cs,f toHk;jyKcJhwm jzpfygw,f/ Fail-safe start/stop PLC program ukd 'Dpmtkyf&JU pmrsufESm (175) rSm Munhfyg/ N.O eJY N.C ukd Normally Open eJY Normally Closed vkdY ac:Muygw,f/ Oyrm? electromagnetic relay wpfvHk;rSm N.O contact eJY N.C contact awG yg&SdMuygw,f/ Relay &JU N.O contact u relay ukd power ray;xm;&if open jzpfaewJh contact jzpfyg w,f/ Relay &JU N.C contact uvnf; Relay ukd power ay;rxm;&if closed jzpfaewJh contact jzpfygw,f/ 'gaMumifh t"dyÜg,fay:vGifatmif 'DvkdrSwfom;oifhygw,f/ N.O ukd No-energy Open, N.C ukd No-energy Closed vdkY rSwf&if ydkaumif;ygw,f/ N.O ukd Non-activate Open, N.C ukd Non-activate Closed vkdY rSwfxm;&ifvnf; t"dyÜg,fay:vGifygw,f/ Normal qkdwJhpum;vHk;u t"dyÜg,f a&maxG;apEkdifygw,f/ ac:aeusjzpfvkdY N.O ukd Normally Open, N.C udk Normally Closed vkdY ac:wmuawmh ac:&ajym&rSmjzpfayr,fh b,fvkdtcgrSm Open jzpfwmvJ? b,fvkdtcgrSm Close jzpfwmvJ? qkdwmukd tvG,fwul od&Sd rSwfrdzkdYtwGuf N.O ukd r&Sd&if Open, N.C ukd r&Sd&if Closed vkdY em;vnf&rSm jzpfyg w,f/
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
105
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
Oyrm? level alarm system wpfck rSm normal level qkdwmu yHkrSef&Sdae&r,fY level jzpfygw,f/ High level qkdwmu tJ'D level ukd a&mufvm&if High Alarm jrnf&rSm jzpfyg w,f/ Low level qkdwmu tJ'D level txd usqif;oGm;&if Low Alarm jrnf&rSm jzpfyg w,f/ 'D level alarm system ukd design vkyfwJhtcg fail-safe jzpfatmif yxrpOf;pm;NyD; level sensor awGukd N.O oHk;&rSmvm;? N.C oHk;&rSmvm;? qkdwmukd OD;pGm qHk;jzwf&ygw,f/ Fail-safe jzpfatmif tck pOf;pm;Munhf&atmif/ Low level sensor udk N.O oHk;&rvm;? N.C oHk;&rvm;? b,fvkdqHk;jzwfrvJ/ Fail-safe jzpfatmif wnfaqmufr,fqkd&if alarm system [m open-to-alarm type jzpf&ygr,f/ 'Dawmh level low jzpfcJh&if level sensor u OFF signal (open contact) xkwfay;&rSm jzpfygw,f/ Level low qkdwmu avsmhenf;wm? &Sdoifhoavmufr&Sdwm ukd ajymwm jzpfvkdYrkdY? r&Sd&if open jzpfwJh N.O ukd a&G;cs,f&rSmjzpfygw,f/ Normal level qkdwmu low level xufrsm;ygw,f? high level xufeJygw,f/ High level sensor ukd N.O oHk;&rvm;? N.C oHk;&rvm;qkdwm tck pOf;pm;Munhf&atmif/ Level high jzpf&if high alarm jrnfcsifwm jzpfygw,f/ Fail-safe jzpfatmifvdkY tckoHk;aewJh alarm system u open-to-alarm jzpf&ygr,f/ 'gaMumifh level high jzpf&if high level sensor u OFF signal (open contact) xkwfay;&rSmjzpfygw,f/ High level qkdwm normal level xuf rsm;wm jzpfNyD;? high level sensor txd level u a&muf&Sdvmwm jzpfwJhtwGuf level &SdwmjzpfvkdY level high jzpf&if open jzpf&ygr,f/ Level &Sd&if open qkdawmh? Level r&Sd&if close jzpfygw,f/ 'gaMumifh high level sensor twGuf N.C ukd a&G;cs,f&rSm jzpfygw,f/ Normal level condition rSm level [m low vnf;rjzpf? high vnf;rjzpfwJhtwGuf low level sensor u ON signal (closed contact) xkwfay;aeygw,f/ High level sensor uvnf; ON signal (closed contact) xkwfay;aeygw,f/ Alarm system uvnf; OFF signal &rS jrnf&wJh trsdK;tpm;jzpfaevkdY normal level rSm bm alarm rS rjrnfygbl;/ PLC &J U input
rSm qufoG,f&wJh discrete sensor awGukd a&G;cs,fwyfqifwJhtcg N.O/N.C ud k Fail-safe eJ Y pOf ; pm;&ygw,f / PNP/NPN uk d a wmh PLC &J U input [m sink vm;? source vm;? qk d w meJ Y pOf ; pm; a&G ; cs,f &ygw,f/ Sink/Source taMumif;ukd
pmrsufESm (94) rSm azmfjyxm;ygw,f/
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
106
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
Sensing Distance of Inductive Proximity Sensor
awG&JU odEdkifpGrf; sensitivity [m target material udkvdkufNyD; tuGmta0; jcm;em; ygw,f/ txufrSm erlemtjzpf Inductive Proximity Sensor &JU odEdkifpGrf;jcm;em;rIudk az:jy xm;ygw,f/ Sensor
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
107
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
tcef; (8) PLC rSm oHk;wJh Number System taMumif;/ Memory xJu a&;rSwfp&mae&m tao;qHk;ae&m 1ckukd cell vkdY ac:ygw,f/ Bit (Binary digit) vkdYvnf; ac:ygw,f/ tJ'D rSwfp&m ae&m 1ae&m rSm a&;rSwfxm;wm &Sd&if? 1 (one) vkdY ac:NyD;? tJ'Dae&mrSm bmrQa&;rSwfrxm;&if 0 (zero) vkdY ac:ygw,f/ 1 [m a&;rSwfxm;wJh data &Sdw,f? vkdY qkdvkdwm jzpfygw,f/ 0 [m a&;rSwfxm;wmr&SdvkdY Avmjzpfaew,f? vkdY qkdvkdwm jzpfygw,f/ Bit 4ck pkpnf;xm;wmudk Nibble vkdY ac:ygw,f/ a&;rSwfp&mae&m 4ae&mudk pepfwus pkzGJUxm;wm jzpfygw,f/ 4 Bits = 1 nibble jzpfygw,f/ Bit 8ck ukd pepfwus pkzGJUxm;&if Byte vkdY ac:ygw,f/ 8 Bits = 1 byte jzpfygw,f/ aemufwpfenf; ajym&&if 2 Nibbles = 1 byte jzpfygw,f/ Bit 16ck udk pepfwus pkzGJUxm;&if Word vkdY ac:ygw,f/ 16 bits = 1 word, 2 bytes = 1 word, 4 nibbles = 1 word jzpfygw,f/ Bit 32ck ukd wpfpkxJjzpfatmif pkzGJUxm;wmukd Double Word vkdY ac:ygw,f/ Word
2ck ygwJh tpktzGJUjzpfygw,f/ PLC xJrSm Counter udk 16-bit Counter eJY 32-bit Counter qkdNyD; owfrSwf ac:a0:Mu ygw,f/ Memory xJu a&;rSwfp&mae&m jzpfwJh bit &JU ae&mudk &nfñTef;ajymqkdwJhtcg? ae&mukd ñTef;wJh vdyfpm ukd Address vkdY ac:ygw,f/ Memory xJ a&;rSwfwJhtcg bit ae&m 1ck rSm a&;rS w f x m;wJ h t ajctae 1 (one) eJY a&;rSwfrxm;wJhtajctae 0 (zero) qkdNyD;awmh tajctae 2rsdK;om&Sdygw,f/ 'D 2rsdK; wnf;aom tajctaeukd binary vkdY ac:ygw,f/ *Pef; 2vHk; 0 eJY 1 om ygvkdY 2 digits vkdY vnf; ac:ygw,f/ 2 digits eJY a&wGufwJh ocsFmpepfukd binary number system vkdY ac:yg w,f/ Computer wkdif;[m binary eJYyJ tvkyfvkyfygw,f/ PLC uvnf; Industrial Computer jzpfvkdY binary eJYyJ tvkyfvkyfygw,f/ vQyfppftcsufjy electric signal &Sd&if? 1 (one) vkdY ac:NyD; vQyfppftcsufjy r&Sd&if 0 (zero) vkdY ac:ygw,f/ ocsFm a&wGufenf;pepf numbering system ig;rsdK; &Sdygw,f/ PLC rSmtoHk;jyKwJh number system jzpfygw,f/ PLC udk avhvmwJhtcg 'D number system awGudk odxm;zkdY vkdtyfygw,f/ rodrjzpfodrSwfxm;zkdY vkdtyfoavmufudkom 'DpmtkyfrSm azmfjyay;xm;wm jzpfygw,f/
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
108
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
eJY ywfoufwJh number system 5 rsdK; uawmh atmufygtwkdif;jzpfygw,f/ 1/ Decimal Number System (q,fvD pepf) 2/ Binary Number System (ESpfvD pepf) 3/ Octal Number System (&SpfvD pepf) 4/ Hexadecimal Number System (q,fhajcmufvD pepf) 5/ BCD (Binary Coded Decimal) Number System (0 eJY 1 udkom toHk;jyKNyD;a& wGufwJh q,fvD pepf) wkdY jzpfMuygw,f/ vlawGoHk;aewJh a&wGufenf;pepfukd q,fvDpepf decimal number system vkdY ac:yg w,f/ 0 uae 9 txd *Pef; 10 vHk; udkom toHk;jyKa&wGufygw,f/ *Pef; 10 vHk;udk tajcjyKNyD; a&wGufvkdY base 10 vkdY ac:ygw,f/ q,fvDpepfrSm ta&twGuftm;jzifh bmrS r&Sdwmudk 0 (zero) vkdY a&;rSwfNyD;? wpfck&Sd&if 1, ESpfck&Sd&if 2, ukd;ck&Sd&if 9, q,fck&Sd&if 10, vkdY a&;rSwfavh&Sdygw,f/ Industrial Computer jzpfwJh PLC rSm oHk;wJh number uawmh 0 (zero) eJY? 1 (one) uko d m toHk;jyKNyD;? a&wGufygw,f/ 2 digits yJ&SdwJhtwGuf binary ESpfvDpepfvdkY ac:ygw,f/ Binary pepfrSm ta&twGuf tm;jzifh bmrSr&Sdwmukd 0 (zero) eJY wpfck&Sdwmudk 1 (one) vkdY a&;rSwf NyD;? wpfck&Sd&if 1, ESpfck&Sd&if 10, oHk;ck&Sd&if 11, av;ck&Sd&if 100, pojzifh a&;rSwf&wJh ocsFmpepf? jzpfygw,f/ PLC
(1) Decimal Number System (q,f v D
pepf jzifha&wGufjcif;)
udk avhvmwJhtcg udef;*Pef;awGukd ae&mcsxm;yHkrwl&if *Pef; csif;? wlayr,fh wefzdk;csif;? rwlwmudk *½kjyKavhvm&ygr,f/ Oyrm decimal number system rSm 23 eJY 32 vkdY a&;xm;cJh&if 23 rSm ygwJh 2, eJY 32 rSmygwJh 2, wkdY[m 2 qkdwJh *Pef;csif; wlaomfvnf; ae&m,lwmrwlMuwJhtwGuf wefzkd; csif; rwlnDwmudk *½kjyK rSwfom; &ygr,f/ 23 rSmygwJh 2 &JU wefzkd;u (10 x 2) jzpfygw,f/ 32 rSmygwJh 2 &JU wefzkd;u (1 x 2) jzpf ygw,f/ i,fpOf ocsFmoif,lcJhwkef;u ck? q,f? &m qkdwmudk rSwfrdaeMur,f xifygw,f/ tJ'gukd ae&mtvkdufwefzkd; placement value vdkY ac:ygw,f/ Weighted value vkdYvnf; ac:ygw,f/ ta&twGufudk udef;*Pef;eJY csa&;wJhtcg nmtpGef;qHk;? udef;*Pef;u wefzkd; ti,fqHk;jzpfNyD; b,ftpGefqHk;? udef;*Pef;u wefzkd;tBuD;qHk; jzpfygw,f/ Decimal number rSma&m? Binary number rSmyg? 'Dtwkdif; twlwlyJ jzpfygw,f/ Number System
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
109
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
Decimal number rSm nmtpGefqHk;upNyD; b,fbufukd 10 qpD wkd;oGm;ygw,f/ Binary number rSm nmtpGefqHk;upNyD; b,fbufukd 2 qpD wkd;oGm;ygw,f/ Octal number rSm b,fbufukd 8 qpD wkd;oGm;ygw,f/ Hexadecimal number rSm b,fbufukd 16 qpD wkd;oGm;ygw,f/ Oyrm/ Decimal number 4629 ukd yHkpHcsjy&if 'DvdkjrifawGU&ygw,f/ power 103
102
101
100
1000
100
10
1
4
6
2
base weighted values of the position 9
(2) Binary Number System (ES pf v D Binary numbering system eJY &Sdwm rkdYvkdY base 2 vkdY ac:ygw,f/
=
(1000 × 4) + (100 × 6) + (10 × 2) + ( 1 × 9)
=
4000 + 600 + 20 + 9 = 4629 10
pepf jzifha&wGufjcif;)
a&;wJhtcgrSmawmh olUrSmu 0 eJY 1 qkdwJh *Pef; 2 rsdK;yJ Oyrm? binary eJY a&;xm;wJh 1011 2 udk yHkpHcsMunfh&if 'Dvkd
jrifawGU&ygr,f/ 23
22
21
20
power base
8 1
4 0
2 1
1 1
weighted values of the position = (8 × 1) + (4 × 0) + (2 × 1) + ( 1 × 1) =
8
+
0
+
2
+
1
= 11 10
jzpfygw,f/ 'gaMumifh 1011 2 [m 11 10 eJY wefzkd;csif;wlnDygw,f/ 1011 2 vkdY a&;xm;&if 1011 udk binary number eJY a&;xm;wmjzpfwJh taMumif;ukd azmfjywJhtaeeJY nmtpGefrSm&SdwJh 1 &JU atmufrSm 2 ukd qGJxm;wmjzpfygw,f/ 11 10 vkYd a&;xm;wmu 11 ukd decimal number eJY a&;xm;wmjzpfw,fvkdY ajymcsifvkdY nmtpGef rSm &SdwJh 1 &JU atmufrSm 10 ukd qGJxm;wm jzpfygw,f/ 'D OyrmrSm ygwJh 1011 2 ukd Munhfr,f qkd&if *Pef;av;vHk; 4 digits ukd toHk;jyKNyD; a&;om;xm;wmukd awGU&ygw,f/ 1011 2 udk memory rSm a&;rSwfxm;csif&if 4 bits ukd toHk;jyK&rSm jzpfygw,f/ Bit ae&m 4 ck udk ,loHk;&rSmjzpfygw,f/ “The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
110
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
1011 2 &JU nmtpGefqHk;rSm &SdwJh 1 &JUae&mukd bit0 (b0), olU&JUb,fbufu 1 &JUae&mukd bit1 (b1), oleJYuyfvsuf bufbufu 0 &JU ae&mukd bit2 (b2), vkdY ac:NyD; b,ftpGefqHk;u 1 &JU ae&mukd bit3 (b3) vkdY ac:ygw,f/ b0 &JU ae&mtvkduf wefzkd;u (20 = 1) jzpfygw,f/ b1 &JU ae&mtvkduf wefzkd;u (21 = 2) jzpfygw,f/ b2 &JU ae&mtvdkuf wefzkd;u (22 = 4) jzpfygw,f/ b3 &JU ae&mtvkduf wefzkd;u (23 = 8) jzpfygw,f/ b3, b2, b1, b0 vkdY tpOfvkdufa&;xm;wmjzpfvkdYrkdY ae&mtvkduf wefzkd;awGudk 8, 4, 2, 1
vkdY rSwfxm;Ekdifygw,f/ 'gaMumifh 1011 2 &JU wefzkd;nD decimal number u 11 10 jzpfygw,f/ 4 bits ukd oHk;NyD; trsm;qHk; a&;rSwfEkdifwmuawmh 1111 2 yJjzpfygw,f/ ae&mtvkdufwefzkd;u 8, 4, 2, 1 jzpfwJh twGuf (8 × 1 ) 2 + (4 × 1) + (2 × 1) + (1 × 1) = 8 + 4 + 2 + 1 = 15 10 jzpfygw,f/ Memory rSm 4 bits ukdom toHk;jyKNyD;a&;rSwfr,fqkd&if 0 10 (decimal number zero) uae 15 10 (decimal number fifteen) txdom a&;vkdY&ygw,f/ q,fhig;xufrsm;wJh ta& twGufukd binary eJY a&;csif&ifawmh memory rSm 4 bits xufykdNyD;oHk;rS a&;rSwfvkdY &EkdifrSm jzpfygw,f/ PLC &JU memory rSm 4 bits xufrsm;wJhtpku 8 bits &SdwJh byte jzpfygw,f/ 'gaMumifh 4 bits eJY a&;vkdYrqHh&if 8 bits oHk;NyD; a&;rSwf&ygw,f/ 8 bits eJY a&;vkdY rqHhwJh data ukd a&;rSwfcsif&if 16 bits &SdwJh word ukd oHk;NyD;a&;rSwf&ygw,f/ 8 bits oHk;NyD; trsm;qHk;a&;vkdY&wJh binary number u 1111 1111 2 jzpfygw,f/ olU&JU ae&mtvkdufwefzkd;ukd atmufrSm yHkpHcsNyD;a&;jyxm;ygw,f/ 27 26
25
24
23
22
21
20
128 64
32
16
8
4
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1 = 128+64+32+16+8+4+2+1 = 255 10
1
1
placement values
txufrSm az:jyxm;wJh binary number xJu nmtpGefqHk;u bit ae&m (b0) udk LSB vkdY ac:ygw,f/ LSB qkdwm Least Significant Bit ti,fqHk;udef;vkdY t"dyÜg,f&ygw,f/ b,ftpGefqHk;u bit ae&m (b7) udk MSB tBuD;qHk;udef; Most Significant Bit vkdY ac:yg w,f/ Memory &JU wnfae&mukd azmfjywm jzpfwJhtwGuf 0 (zero) ukdvnf; ae&mwpfck&JU trSwftom; tjzpf (b0) vkdY oHk;xm;wm jzpfygw,f/ 'gaMumifh word ukd oHk;NyD; a&;rSwf xm;&if LSB u b0 jzpfNyD; MSB u b15 jzpfyg w,f/
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
111
OD;pdk;wifh
Double word
PLC
ukdoHk;NyD; a&;rSwfr,f qkd&if
LSB
u b0 jzpfNyD;
MSB
u
vrf; nTef
b31
jzpfyg
w,f/ Byte eJY a&;rSwf&if 8 bits ukd 4 bits pD tkyfpk 2 pk cGJNyD; nmbufu 4 bits tkyfpk ukd Lower Nibble vkdY ac:ygw,f/ b,fbufu 4 bits &SdwJhtkyfpkukd Upper Nibble vkdY ac:yg w,f/ Word eJY a&;rSwfcJh&if 16 bits ukd 8 bits pD tkyfpk 2 pk cGJNyD; nmbufu 8 bits &SdwJhtkyfpkukd lower byte, b,fbufu 8 bits &SdwJhtkyfpkukd upper byte vkdY ac:ygw,f/ Double word ukd Dword vkdYvnf; ac:ygw,f/ Dword eJY a&;cJh&if b,fbufu 16 bits ukd upper word, nmbufu 16 bits ukd lower word vkdY ac:ygw,f/
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
112
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
(3) Octal Number System (&S p f v D
vrf; nTef
pepf jzifha&wGufjcif;)
0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 *Pef; &SpfvHk;udkom toHk;jyKvkdY Octal vkdYac:wmjzpfygw,f/ 8 digits om&SdwJhtwGuf base 8 jzpfygw,f/ Octal pepfrSm 8 *Pef; eJY 9 *Pef; ukd vHk;0 roHk;ygbl;/ Oyrm? octal number eJY a&;xm;wJh 137 8 udk decimal number eJY a&;xm;wJh 137 10 eJY EdIif;,SOf jyygr,f/ a&wGufyHka&wGufenf; rwlwJhtwGuf 1378 ukd wefbkd;nD decimal number ajymif;&ygw,f/ vlu decimal udk uRrf;usifNyD;om;jzpfvkdY decimal ukd ajymif;NyD; a&;Munfh
wm jzpfygw,f/ 137 8 ukd yHkpHcsNyD;a&;Munhf&if atmufygtwkdif;awGU&ygr,f/ power 2
1
0
8
8
8
64
8
1
1
3
7
base = (64 × 1) + (8 × 3) + (1 × 7) = 64 + 24 + 7 = 95 10
&JU wefbkd;nD decimal number [m 95 10 jzpfygw,f/ 137 10 eJY wefbkd;csif; rwlnDwmukd awGU&ygw,f/ 137 8 ukd wefbkd;wl binary number &csif&if atmufygtwkdif; a&;&ygw,f/ 137 8
1
qkd&if
3
78
421
421 421
001
0 1 1 1 1 1 = Binary Number 1011111 2
Octal number system rSm tBuD;qHk;*Pef;u 7 jzpfygw,f/ 7 ukd binary eJY a&;r,f 3 digits &Sd&if a&;vkdY&ygw,f/ 'gaMumifh octal rSmyg&SdwJh *Pef;wpfvHk;pDukd 3 digits
binary eJY
ajymif;a&;&wmjzpfygw,f/ tJ'D 1011111 2 udk decimal number ajymif;vkduf&if 26
25
24
23
22
21
20
64 32
16
8
4
2
1
placement values
1
1
1
1
1
= 64 + 0 + 16 + 8 + 4 + 2 + 1 = 95 10
1
0
&ygw,f/ 137 8 &JU decimal number uvnf; wkdY[m wefbkd;csif; wlnDMuygw,f/ 95 10
95 10
yJjzpfygw,f/ 'gaMumifh
137 8
eJY
1011111 2
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
113
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
Memory rSm 1011111 2 ukd a&;rSwfr,fqkd&if Byte Format eJYvnf; a&;vkdY&ygw,f/ Word Format eJYvnf; a&;vkdY&ygw,f/ Byte Format eJY a&;r,fqkd&if 0101 1111 2 jzpfyg w,ff/ Word Format eJY a&;r,fqkd&if 0000 0000 0101 1111 2 jzpfygw,ff/ 'gayr,fh? Octal number udk 3 digits eJY a&;r,fqdk&if? a&;vkdY&wJh tBuD;qHk;udef;u 777 8 jzpfygw,f/ 777 8 ukd binary ajymif;vkduf&if 111 111 111 2 &ygw,f/ tJ'gukdawmh Byte Format eJY a&;vkdY rqHYawmhygbl;/ 9 digits jzpfaevkdY jzpfygw,f/ Word Format eJY a&;rSom a&;vkdY&yg w,f/ 777 8 (111111111 2 ) ukd Word Format eJY a&;&if 0000 0001 1111 1111 2 jzpfygw,f/ 777 8 ukd memory xJrSmodrf;csif&if word eJY odrf;&ygw,f/ tckqkd&if numbering system xJu oHk;rsdK;udk tquftpyfeJYwuG ykdif;jcm;NyD; &Sif;jy
vkdY NyD;ygNyD/
'Dtxdudk em;vnfoabmaygufrS a&SUqufzwfoifh ygw,f/ pdwfxJrSmr&Sif;wm &Sdaeao; &if decimal number system u pNyD; jyefzwfzkdY wkdufwGef;ygw,f/ tckqufvuf &Sif;jyr,fh yHkpHu 'Dtxdzwf½INyD;vkdY aumif;aumif;em;vnf oabmaygufxm;NyD; jzpfwJholawG twGuf &nf&G,f ygw,f/ (4) Hexadecimal Number System (q,f h a jcmuf v D p epf
jzifha&wGufjcif;)
qkdwJh *Pef; 16 vHk;ukd toHk;jyKNyD; a&wGufwJhocsFmpepf jzpfygw,f/ vlawGowfrSwfNyD; oHk;pGJaewJh*Pef;u 0 to 9 txd q,fvHk;yJ &Sdygw,f/ usef*Pef; ajcmufvHk;twGuf A to F t*Fvdyftu©&majcmufvHk;udk *Pef;tjzpf owfrSwfoHk;pGJxm;wm jzpfygw,f/ Hexadecimal system rSm A ukd awGU&if 10 wpfq,f vkdY odrSwf&rSm jzpfygw,f/ B ukd awGU&if 11 wpfq,hfwpf? C ukd awGU&if 12 wpfq,fhESpf? D ukd jrif&if 13 wpfq,fhoHk; pojzifh odae&rSmjzpfygw,f/ *Pef; q,hfajcmufvHk;ukd toHk;jyKNyD; a&wGufwmjzpfvkdY hexadecimal vkdY ac:wmjzpfygw,f/ Base 16 jzpfygw,f/ ae&mtvdkufwefbkd;u 16 q pDuGmjcm;ygw,f/ Oyrm? 2AF 16 vkdY Hexadecimal eJY a&;xm;cJh&if olU&JUwefbkd;nD decimal number u atmufrSm azmfjyxm;wJYtwkdif; 687 10 jzpfygw,f/ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F
power
16²
161
160 base
256 2
16
1 A
placement values F = (256 × 2) + (16 × A) + (1 × F) = (256 × 2) + (16 × 10) + (1×15) = 512 + 160 + 15 = 687 10
jzpfygw,f/
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
114
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
2AF 16 2
vrf; nTef
ukd binary number ajymif;csif&if atmufygtwkdif; a&;&ygw,f/ A
F
8421
8421 8421
0010
1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 = Binary Equivalent 1010101111 2
2AF 16 ukd binary eJY a&;vkdufawmh 1010101111 2 jzpfoGm;ygw,f/ 10 digits &Sdygw,f/ PLC &JU memory rSm a&;rSwfcsif&if word (16 bits) ukd oHk;NyD; a&;rSwf&ygw,f/ 1010101111 2 ukd word yHkpHeJY a&;r,fqkd&if 0000 0010 1010 1111 2 vkdY a&;&ygw,f/ For Example, the 16-bit binary number 1001 0011 1101 1110 is equivalent to the four-digit hexadecimal number 93DE: Binary Number Hex Number 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 2 = 9 3 D E 16
(5) BCD (Binary Coded Decimal) Number System
(q,fvDyHkpHeJY a&;om;xm;wJh ESpfvDpepfjzifh a&wGufjcif;) qkdwmuawmh binary eJY code vkyfxm;wJh decimal system jzpfygw,f/ ae&m tvkdufwefzkd;u decimal rSmvkdyJ 10 qpDuGmjcm;ygw,f/ Number ukd a&;wJhtcgrSmawmh binary rSmvkdyJ 0 eJY 1 ukdom toHk;jyKNyD; a&;ygw,f/ Oyrm 326 10 qkdwJh decimal number udk BCD tjzpfajymif;a&;vdkuf&if atmufyg twkdif; awGU&ygw,f/ BCD
3
2
6
8421
8421 8421
0011
0010 0110
Decimal Number
BCD Number
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
115
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
tJ'D decimal number 326 10 ukdyJ twkdif; awGU&ygw,f/ 29
tjzpfajymif;a&;vkduf&if atmufyg
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
512 256 128
64
32
16
8
4
2
1
1
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
28
binary number
1
0
vrf; nTef
Binary Number
= 0 + 256 + 0 + 64 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 4 + 2 + 0 = 326 10 326 10 ukd BCD ajymif;a&;&if 1100100110 BCD &ygw,f/ 326 10 udk Binary ajymif;a&;&if 101000110 2 &ygw,f/ BCD eJY Binary rwlwmukd odapcsifvkdY a&;jywm jzpfygw,f/ 0
eJY 1 (2 digits) ukdom toHk;jyKNyD; a&;om;Muwm jzpfayr,hf ae&mtvkduf wefzkd;owfrSwfyHkcsif; rwlnDMuwmukd *½kjyKrdapcsifygw,f/ BCD eJY a&;rSwf xm;wJh 0011 0010 0110 [m decimal number 326 10 ukd ukd,fpm;jyK ygw,f/ Binary eJY a&; xm;wJh 0011 0010 0110 [m decimal number 806 10 ukd ukd,fpm;jyK wm jzpfygw,f/ BCD eJY
a&;wJh 0011
0010 0110 &JU ae&mtvdkufwefzkd;u 8421 8421 8421 0011 0010 0110 = 326 10 jzpfygw,f/
Binary eJY a&;xm;wJh 0011 0010 0110 &JU ae&mtvkdufwefzkd;u 2048 1024 512 256 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 0
0
1
1
0
0
1
0
0 1
1 0 = 806 10
jzpfygw,f/
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
116
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC Number System
5 rsdK;ukd atmufrSm ,SOfwGJazmfjyxm;ygw,f/
Decimal Octal Hexadecimal 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 100
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 -
vrf; nTef
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 -
BCD Binary Coded Hexadecimal 0 1 10 11 100 101 110 111 1000 1001 1 0000 1 0001 1 0010 1 0011 1 0100 1 0101 1 0110 1 0111 1 1000 1 1001 10 0000 10 0001 10 0110
&m? q,f? ck?
Binary 0 1 10 11 100 101 110 111 1000 1001 1010 1011 1100 1101 1110 1111 1 0000 1 0001 1 0010 1 0011 1 0100 1 0101 1 0111 -
0001 0000 0000
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
117
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
tcef; (9) Boolean logic taMumif;/ 'Dtcef;ukd zwf&IavhvmNyD;oGm;wJhtcgrSm? 1/ Logic AND, Logic OR, Logic NOT wkdY&JUt"dyÜg,f? 2/ Truth Table eJY Boolean Logic b,fvdk qufpyfw,fqdkwm? awGukd aumif;pGm em;vnf oabmayguf oGm;ygvdrfhr,f/ PLC (Programmable Logic Controller)
rSmoHk;xm;wJh
logic
qkdwmu
Boolean Logic
ukd
ajymwm jzpfygw,f/ PLC eJYywfoufwJh Boolean logic function awGuawmh (1) Logic AND, (2) Logic OR, Logic XOR eJY (3) Logic NOT wkdY jzpfMuygw,f/ Boolean Logic rSm Logical AND, Logical OR eJU Logical NOT oHk;rsdK;udk wGJzuf aygif;pyfNyD; NAND eJY NOR wdkY jzpfay:vmygw,f/
wdkU yg&Sdygw,f/ 'D
Logic AND +24V
Sw 1
Sw 2
Lamp
'Doabm t"dyÜg,fudkyJ azmfjyavh &Sdygw,f/ Sw 1 Sw 2
0V
Graphical
'D electrical circuit rSm Lamp = ON jzpfzdkY twGuf Sw 1 a&m Sw 2 yg ON jzpf&ygr,f/ tJ'D oabmt"dyÜg,fudk Boolean equation eJU a&;r,f qdk&if Lamp = (Sw 1) AND (Sw 2) vdkY a&;&ygw,f/ symbol eJU azmfjyr,fqdk&if atmufygtwdkif; Sw 1
Lamp
'DyHkudk
AND
Sw 2
2-input AND vdkU
ac:ygw,f/
qkdwmuawmh AND vkyfxm;wJh input tm;vHk; jzpf&wJh oabmobm0 &Sdygw,f/ Logic AND qkdwmudk tm;vHk; ( All ) vkdY rSwfom; xm;yg/ Logic AND
Lamp
ON
jzpfrS
output
u
ON
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
118
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
'D oabm t"dyÜg,f udkyJ
Truth Table eJU
vrf; nTef
azmfjyr,f qdk&if
AND Truth Table
AND Truth Table
Inputs
Output
Inputs
Output
Sw 1 Sw 2 OFF OFF OFF ON ON OFF ON ON
Lamp OFF OFF OFF ON
Sw 1 Sw 2 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1
Lamp 0 0 0 1
'gudk ON/OFF tpm; 0/1 eJU azmfjyr,f qdk&if 0 [m OFF jzpfaew,fqdkwmudk azmfjyyg w,f/ 1 [m ON jzpfaew,fqdkwmudk azmfñTef; ygw,f/ Electric circuit diagram eJY Truth Table awGudk txuffrSmazmfjyxm;ygw,f/ tJ'gu awmh Logic AND &JU example jzpfygw,f/ txuffyHkrSm jyxm;wJhtwkdif; input 2ck udk AND vkyfxm;&if tJ'D input 2ck pvHk; ON jzpfrS output (logic AND &JU result) u ON jzpfygw,f/ 2-input AND udk Logic Gate Symbol, Truth Table awGeJY AND function &JU vkyfaqmifcsuf obm0ukd azmfjyxm;ygw,f/ Logic OR +24V
Sw 1
Lamp
0V
Sw 2
Graphical symbol eJU
'D electrical circuit rSm Sw 1 odkYr[kwf Sw 2 wpfck ON jzpf½Hk eJU Lamp = ON jzpfygw,f/ 'D oabmt"dyÜg,f udk Boolean equation eJU a&;r,fqdk&if Lamp = (Sw 1) OR (Sw 2) vdkY a&;&ygw,f/
azmfjyr,f qdk&if atmufygyHktwdkif; jzpfygw,f/
Sw 1
Sw 1
Lamp
Sw 1
'DyHkudk
Sw 2
2-input OR
OR
Lamp
vkdU ac:ygw,f/
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
119
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC Truth Table eJU
azmfjyr,f qdk&if atmufygyHktwdkif; jzpfygw,f/
OR Truth Table Inputs Output Sw 1 OFF OFF ON ON
vrf; nTef
OR Truth Table Inputs
Sw 2 Lamp OFF OFF ON ON OFF ON ON ON
Output
Sw 1 Sw 2 Lamp
0 0
0
0
1
1 1
0
1 1 1
1
txuffyHkrSm jyxm;wmuawmh Logic OR &JU Example jzpfygw,f/ yHkrSm Logic OR function ukd electric circuit diagram eJY a&m? 2-input OR &JU Logic Gate Symbol, Truth Table awGeJYyg OR &JU obm0udk &Sif;vif;azmfjyxm;wm jzpfygw,f/ Logic OR qkdwmuawmh OR vkyfxm;wJh input awGtm;vHk;xJu 1ck ON jzpfvkdufwmeJY OR &JU logic result (Output) u ON jzpfoGm;ygw,f/ Logic OR &JU input awGtm;vHk; ON jzpf&ifvnf; OR vkyfvkdY &vmwJh result (Output) u ON jzpfygw,f/ Logic OR qkdwmudk 1ck ( One ) vkdY rSwfom; xm;yg/ Logic XOR XOR qdkwm Exclusive OR (oD;oefY OR ) jzpfygw,f/ Boolean equation: Lamp = (Sw 1) XOR (Sw 2) XOR Truth Table
XOR Truth Table
Inputs
Output
Sw 1 Sw 2
Lamp
Sw 1 Sw 2 Lamp
OFF ON ON OFF
0
0
1
1 1
OFF OFF ON ON
OFF ON OFF ON
Inputs
0 0 1 1
Output
0 1
0
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
120
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
+24V
0V Sw 1
yHkrSm XOR function &atmif qufoG,f xm;wJh Relay Circuit &,f? 2-input XOR &JU Logic Gate symbol eJY Truth table awGukd Munhf½I avhvmNyD;? XOR &JU function ukd em;vnf Muygvdrfhr,f/
Relay R1 R
Sw 2
Relay R2 R
R1
R2
Graphical symbol u
Lamp
Sw 1 R1
vrf; nTef
Sw 2
R2
Lamp
yHkrSm azmfjyxm;wmu Logic XOR &JU oabmobm0 jzpfygw,f/ XOR qkd wm Exclusive OR &JU twkdaumufpmvHk; jzpfyg w,f/ XOR &JU vkyfaqmifyHk function u XOR vkyfxm;wJh input awG tm;vHk;xJu 1ckwnf; om ON jzpfrS XOR &JU logic result u ON jzpf&ygw,f/ XOR &JU input tm;vHk; ON jzpfwJh tcg output u OFF yJ jzpfygw,f/ Logic XOR qkdwmudk 1ck wnf;om ( Only one ) vkdY rSwfom; xm;yg/ Logic NOT +24V
0V Sw 1
Relay R
R
Lamp
'D electrical circuit rSm Sw1 OFF jzpf&if Relay R u de-energize jzpfaeNyD; relay &JU N.C contact u close jzpf aevdkU Lamp = ON jzpfaeygw,f/ Sw 1 ON jzpf&if Relay R u energize jzpfoGm;NyD; relay &JU N.C contact u open jzpfoGm;vdkU Lamp = OFF jzpfygw,f/
Logic NOT function &atmif Relay eJY zGJUpnf;wnfaqmufxm;wmukd electric circuit diagram eJY azmfjyxm;wmjzpfygw,f/ 'D oabm t"dyÜg,f udk Boolean equation eJU a&;r,f qdk&if Lamp = NOT (Sw 1) vdkY
a&;&ygw,f/
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
121
OD;pdk;wifh Truth Table eJU
PLC
vrf; nTef
azmfjyr,f qdk&ifawmh atmufygtwdkif; jzpfygw,f/ NOT Truth Table
NOT Truth Table
Input
Input
Output
Sw 1
Lamp 1
Sw 1 OFF ON
Output Lamp ON OFF
0
Graphical symbol eJU Sw 1
0
1
Lamp
qdk&if
Sw 1
NOT
Lamp
Bubble
Bubble u NOT qdkwJh
t"dyÜg,f jzpfygw,f/ ykHrSm azmfjyxm;wmu NOT &JU function jzpfygw,f/ Input u ON jzpf&if output u OFF jzpfoGm;NyD;? input u OFF jzpfrS output u ON jzpfoGm;wJh oabmobm0ukd NOT vkdY ac:wmjzpfygw,f/ Logic NOT &JU gate symbol eJY truth table ukdyg azmfjyxm;ygw,f/ Logic NOT ukd ajymif;jyef ( Invert ) vkdY rSwfxm;yg/
tckazmfjycJhwJh
Logic function av;rsd K ;uk d
twkdcsKyfrSwfom;csif&if
udk ALL (tm;vHk;) vkdY rSwfom; xm;yg/ Input tm;vHk; ON jzpfrS Output u ON jzpf&vkdY jzpfygw,f/ OR ukd ONE (1ck) vkdY rSwfxm;yg/ Input xJu 1ck ON jzpf&if Output u ON jzpf&vkdY jzpfygw,f/ XOR ukd Only One (1ck wnf;om) vkdY rSwfxm;yg/ Input awGxJu 1ck wnf; ON jzpfrSom Output u ON jzpf&vkdY jzpfygw,f/ NOT ukdawmh Invert (ajymif;jyef) vkdY rSwfxm;yg/ Input &JU ajymif;jyef[m Output jzpfaevkdY jzpfygw,f/ AND
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
122
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
yHkrSm
Logic Gate awG&JU symbol awGukd
vrf; nTef
azmfjyxm;ygw,f/
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
123
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
tcef; (10) PLC Program Overview 'Dtcef;rSm
Programming Language, Programming Software, Machine Control, Process Control, PLC Program pwmawGeJU rdwfqufay;xm;ygw,f/ Program qkdwm instruction code awGukd pepfwuspkzGJUNyD; PLC em;vnfatmif ñTefMum;ckdif;apwJh ñTefMum;csuftpkta0;yJjzpfygw,f/ PLC udk ckdif;csif&if PLC em;vnfwJh pum; code eJY ajymNyD;ckdif;&ygw,f/ PLC [m computer jzpfwJhtwGuf binary code eJY ajymrS em;vnfygw,f/ Binary code ukd machine code (machine language) vkdY ac:ygw,f/ Machine language eJY PLC program a&;zkdYqkdwmuawmh computer ynm&Sifrsm;om
wwfEkdifwJh udpöjzpfygw,f/ omrefvQyfppftif*sifeD,mrsm;twGuf machine language eJY PLC program a&;wwf zkdY oif,l&wm tifrwefcufcJygw,f/ 'gaMumihfrkdYvkdY PLC ukd xkwfvkyfolawGu vG,fulpGm oif,l wwfajrmufEkdifwJh Ladder Diagram Programming Language (LD) ukd wDxGifay;xm; ygw,f/ 'DaeYacwftxd LD ukd toHk;jyKNyD; PLC program a&;om;Muwm[m 92% &Sdw,fvkdY 2004 ckESpfu aumuf,lxm;wJh ppfwrf;wpfckrSmawGU&ygw,f/ 'DpmtkyfrSm LD eJY PLC program a&;om;enf;ukd vG,f&mrSonf cuf&mqDokdY wqifh NyD;wqifh &Sif;vif;azmfjyxm;ygw,f/ PLC taMumif; vHk;0rodao;olawGudk OD;wnf &nf &G,fNyD; a&;om;xm;wmjzpfygw,f/ Program qkdwm ñTefMum;csufawGukd ac:wmjzpfygw,f/ ñTefMum;csufukd instruction vkdYvnf; ac:ygw,f/ Command vkdYvnf; ac:ygw,f/ ckdif;apcsufjzpfygw,f/ PLC ukd ckdif;apr,fqkd&if PLC ukd xkwfvkyfwJh OEM u owfrSwfay;xm;wJh instruction code awGukdom toHk;jyK&ygw,f/ PLC ukd xkwfvkyfol OEM u b,fvdkowfrSwf ay;xm;ovJ qkdwmukd od&zkdY PLC programming manual ukd zwf½Iavhvm&ygw,f/ Ladder Diagram (LD) eJY PLC program (user program) a&;r,fqkd&if odxm;&r,fh tajccHowfrSwfcsuf basic instruction code awGuawmh PLC wkdif;twGuf twlwlyJ jzpfygw,f/ yg0ifwJh instruction code trsdK;tpm;? eJY ta&twGufteJtrsm; rSmom PLC wpfrsdK;eJYwpfrsdK; uGmjcm;Muwm jzpfygw,f/ PLC trsdK;tpm;wpfckudk LD eJY program a&;wwf? zwfwwfoGm;NyDqkd&if wjcm; PLC awGtwGuf LD eJY a&;xm;wJh program ukd zwf½Iem;vnfEkdifzkdY taxmuftul BuD;BuD;rm;rm; jzpfapygw,f/ Oyrm? Mitsubishi PLC eJY LD program a&;enf;ukd oif,lwwf ajrmufxm;ol wpfa,muftzkdY Omron PLC twGuf a&;xm;wJh LD program udk interpret vkyfEkdifzkdY taxmuftul BuD;BuD;rm;rm; jzpfapygw,f/
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
124
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
PLC program a&;enf;ukd pmtkyfzwf½HkeJY rwwfygbl;/ Programming Software eJY program a&;MunfhzkdY vkdtyfygw,f/ a&;NyD;wJh program ukd PLC xJ ajymif;a&;xnhfNyD; PLC ukd RUN &ygw,f/ Program rSmygwJh oufqkdif&m input awGukd ON/OFF vkyfNyD; program a&;pOfu rdrd&nf&G,fckdif;apxm;wJhtwkdif; PLC u vkdufemaqmif&Gufjcif; &Sd^r&Sd qkdwmukd
prf;oyfMunhf½I&ygw,f/ vkdtyfaeao;wmukd jznhfpGuf? rSm;aewmukd jyifqifNyD; a&;&yg w,f/ 'Dvkdvkyfwmukd debugging vkyfw,fvkdY ac:ygw,f/ a&;vkduf? prf;vkduf? jyifvkdufeJY toHk;uswJh? toHk;0ifwJh? program 1ck &&Sdvm&if save vkyf? odrf;qnf;xm;&ygw,f/ Program eJYtwl rSwfcsuf comment awGa&;NyD; save vkyfxm;&if aemif tcsdefMumrS jyefzGifh MunhfwJh tcgrSm tvG,fwul rSwfrdapygw,f/ tJ'Dvkd vkyfwwfatmif 'DpmtkyfxJrSm wpfqihfcsif;pD? tao;pdyfa&;xm;ay;ygw,f/ Programming software ukd w&m;0if tcrJh &&SdEkdifwJh web address udkvnf; azmfjyay;xm; ygw,f/ tJ'D software &JUtrnfu WPLSoft jzpfygw,f/ PLC rygbJeJY? PLC r&SdbJeJY? LD program a&;NyD; PLC &SdbdouJhokdY RUN MunhfvkdY&ygw,f/ WPLSoft [m Delta Automation u xkwfvkyfwJh Delta PLC awGtwGuf program a&;om;EkdifwJh programming software jzpfygw,f/ Mitsubishi u xkwfvkyfwJh PLC awGtwGuf program a&;r,fqkd&if GX Developer qkdwJh programming software ukd oHk;NyD;a&;&ygw,f/ Omron u xkwfvkyfwJh PLC awGtwGuf program a&;r,fqkd&if CX Programmer qdkwJh programming software ukd oHk;NyD;a&;vkdY&ygw,f/ Siemens u xkwfvkyfwJh S7-200 PLC twGuf program a&;r,fqkd&if STEP 7 MicroWIN qdkwJh programming software ukd oHk;NyD;a&;&ygw,f/ PLC twGuf program a&;awmhr,fqkd&if rdrd&JU computer xJrSm programming software ukd t&ifOD;qHk; install vkyf&ygw,f/ Computer xJrSm a&;xm;wJh program udk PLC xJ a&;oGif;wJhtvkyf download ukd vkyfzkdY programming cable vkdtyfygw,f/ PLC eJY computer ukd tJ'D cable eJY qufoG,fNyD; computer xJu a&;NyD;om; program ukd PLC xJ ajymif;xnhf ay;&ygw,f/ Debugging vkyfzkdYtwGufvnf; programming cable &SdrS vkyfvkdY &ygw,f/ toHk;0ifwJh program wpfcka&;NyD;vkdY? jyifNyD;vkdY? prf;NyD;vkdY? a&;NyD;om; program ukd PLC xJ ajymif;xnhf NyD;oGm;NyDqkd&ifawmh programming cable [m rvkdtyfawmhygbl;/ PLC rSm Input Device awG? Output Device awG? qufoG,f wwfqifNyD; PLC ukd RUN vkduf½Hkom jzpfygw,f/ PLC ukd RUN w,fqkdwm PLC xJrSm a&;xnhfxm;wJh ñTefMum;csuf User Program xJutwkdif; PLC ukd vkyfaqmifawmhvkdY PLC ukd apckdif;vkdufwmyJjzpfygw,f/ vufawGUvkyfief;cGifrSm PLC xJu aqmif&GufcsufawGukd MunhfvkdY? jrifvkdY? r&ygbl;/ PLC xJrSm a&;xm;wJh program ukd print out xkwfxm;wm &SdrSom tJ'D program ukd zwf½INyD; em;vnf Ekdifygw,f/ “The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
125
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
ukd od&Sdem;vnfatmifoif,lwJhtcgrSm wu,fh wm[m taumif;qHk; jzpfygw,f/ PLC
PLC
vrf; nTef
eJY vufawGU oif,l
rsKd;uGJaygif; ajrmufjrm;pGm&Sdygw,f/ PLC wpfrsdK;ukd pepfwus oif,l wwfajrmuf NyD;&if usef PLC awGukd wcPeJY oif,lwwfajrmuf em;vnfoGm;Ekdifygw,f/ OEM &JU Manual awGukdawmh b,fawmhrS vufvTwfvkdY r&ygbl;/ 'gaMumifh PLC wpfrsdK;eJY oif,lavhusihfaewJhtcsdefrSm tJ'D PLC &JU Manual awGukd zwfwwfatmif wyg wnf; oif,l&ygr,f/ PLC Manual awGudk t*FvdyfpmeJY a&;xm;ygw,f/ t*Fvdyfvkd oHk;EIef; xm;wmawGukd 'DpmtkyfrSm wwfpGrf;orQ &Sif;vif;azmfjyay;xm;ygw,f/ t*Fvdyfpm ukd jrefrmbmom jyefqkda&;om;wm rsdK;r[kwfbJ oabmt"dyÜg,fukd &Sif;vif;azmfjyay;xm;wm om jzpfygw,f/ PLC
(rdrda&;wwfovkd?rdrdoabmaygufodjrifovkd?a&;xm;wmjzpfvkdY ynm&Sifrsm;u jyKjyifp&mawG awGU&SdcJh&if axmufjy? jyKjyifay;yg&ef yefMum;tyfygw,f/) 'Dpmtkyfukd a&;om;&mrSm &nf&G,fcsuf 2ck &Sdygw,f/ wpfckuawmh PLC udk oifwef; wufNyD; vufawGUoif,laeMuolawG rSefrSefuefuef awG;q odjrifwwfapzkdY jzpfygw,f/ aemufwpfckuawmh PLC taMumif;udk odcsifNyD; oifwef;wufzdkY tqifrajyao;ol awG? twGuf PLC rygbJeJY LD program ukd a&;wwfapzkdY? rdrda&;xm;wJh Program ukd Simulator Software eJY prf;oyfppfaq; wwfapzkdY jzpfygw,f/ LD eJY PLC program a&;r,fqkd&if Logic taMumif; t&ifodxm;zkdY vkdtyfygw,f/ Control taMumif;ukdvnf; odxm;oifhygw,f/ tck Control taMumif;ukd tenf;i,f &Sif;vif;azmfjyygr,f/ Control qkdwm xdef; ausmif;ay;wmukd ac:wm jzpfygw,f/ xdef;ausmif;yHk? xdef;ausmif;enf;pepfukd Control System vkdY ac:ygw,f/ pufukd xdef;ausmif;armif;ESif&if Machine Control vkdY ac:ygw,f/ ukefxkwfvkyfrI vkyfief;pOfukd xdef;ausmif;armif;ESif&if Process Control vkdY ac:ygw,f/ 'Dae&mrSmoHk;pGJwJh process &JU t"dyÜg,fu t&m0w¬Kypönf;wpfckukd oGifjyifyHkoP²mef tm;jzifh physically jzpfap? "mwkzGJUpnf;rItm;jzifh chemically jzpfap? ajymif;vJ oGm;atmif vkyfaqmifwmukd process vdkY ac:ygw,f/ Oyrmjy&&if jrpfa&? acsmif;a&ukd aomufa&? oHk;a&jzpfatmif ajymif;vkdufwm Water Treatment vkyfwm ukdvnf; process vkdY ac:ygw,f/ BuHukd oMum;jzpfatmif vkyfwm? *sHKukd aygifrkefYjzpfatmif vkyfwmawGudkvnf; process vkdY ac:ygw,f/ “The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
126
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PLC ukd Machine Control rSma&m? Process Control rSmyg toHk;jyKMuygw,f/ Machine Control rSm oHk;wJh trsdK;tpm;u Compact PLC trsdK;tpm; jzpfygw,f/ Process Control rSmoHk;wJh PLC trsdK;tpm;u Modular PLC trsdK;tpm; jzpfygw,f/ Control system wpfckrSm Controller &JU t0if Input Device awGudk Sensor awGvkdY ac:ygw,f/ Controller &JU txGuf Output Device awGukd Actuator awGvdkY ac:Muygw,f/ Field Input Device eJY Field Output Device vkdYvnf; ac:Muygw,f/ PLC &JU Input Device awGrSm Analog Input Device eJY Discrete Input Device (Digital Input Device) vkdY 2rsdK; &Sdygw,f/
'DpmtkyfrSm discrete tao;pdyf &Sif;jyxm;ygw,f/ PLC
&JU
Output
rSmvnf;
input
om vufcHaqmif&GufwJh
Analog Actuator
eJY
PLC
Discrete Actuator
qkdNyD;
taMumif;ukd Device
2rsdK;
&Sdygw,f/ ON/OFF signal input ukd PLC u vufcHNyD; ON/OFF signal output ukdom PLC u xkwfay;wJh Discrete I/O omyg&SdwJh PLC taMumif;udk tao;pdyf avhvmzkdYqkd&if logic taMumif;ukd &Sif;&Sif;vif;vif; odxm;zkdYvkdtyfygw,f/ 'g[m PLC rSm tajccH tusqHk; jzpf
ygw,f/
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
127
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tcef; (11) PLC Basic Programming IEC u owfrSwfxm;wJh PLC programming Language 5rsdK;xJu LD Language ukd Graphical Language vkdY ac:ygw,f/ ½kyfyHkawGeJY code vkyfxm;vdkYjzpfygw,f/ LD eJY program a&;wwfzkdY basic instruction code oHk;rsdK;ukd OD;pGmyxr &Sif;vif;azmfjyygr,f/ LD Language rSm ñTefMum;csuf instruction code awGukd relay coil &JU oauFw
jzpfwJh –( ) &,f? relay contact &JU symbol jzpfwJh –| |– eJY –| / |– &,f? wkdYukd toHk;jyKNyD; program a&;&wmjzpfygw,f/ Open contact &JU symbol jzpfwJh 'DvkdyHkukd “ON jzpfaeovm;vkdY ppfaq; Munhfyg” vkdY ckdif;wJh (ñTefMum;wJh) instruction code tjzpf toHk;jyKygw,f/ Examine ON vkdY ac:ygw,f/ Closed contact &JU symbol jzpfwJh 'DvkdyHkukd “OFF jzpfaeovm;vkdY ppfaq; Munhfyg” vkdY ckdif;wJh instruction code tjzpf toHk;jyKygw,f/ Examine OFF vkdY ac:ygw,f/ Coil &JU symbol jzpfwJh okdYr[kwf –( ) 'DvkdyHkudkawmh “Output ukd ON vkd ufyg” vkdY ckdif;wJh instruction code tjzpftoHk;jyKygw,f/ Output ON vkdY ac:ygw,f/ 'Dpmtkyfukd ,aeYacwfvli,fawGtwGuf &nf&G,fNyD; a&;om;xm;wmjzpfygw,f/ acwfvli,fawG[m computer eJY &if;ESD;uRrf;0ifNyD;om; jzpfygw,f/ PLC [m industrial computer wrsdK;jzpfwJhtwGuf PLC ukd computer vkdY jrifatmif? Munhfwwfatmif? avhvm wwfatmif? BudK;pm;yHkazmfxm;ygw,f/ Software jzpfwJh PLC program (User Program) ukd a&;wJhtcg software udk software tjzpfjrifatmif Munhfwwf&ygr,f/ Software qkdwmu rsufpdeJYvnf; rjrif&wJh? xdvkdY? ukdifvkdYvnf; r&wJh? OmPfeJYom awG;MunhfNyD; odEkdifwJht&m jzpfygw,f/ Relay &JU coil qkdwmu rsufpdeJYvnf; jrifatmifMunhfvkdY &ygw,f/ vufeJYvnf; xd MunhfvkdY &wJh hardware jzpfygw,f/ Open contact eJY closed contact awGuvnf; hardware awGyJ jzpfMuygw,f/ symbol
Electrical circuit diagram awG r S m a&;om;azmf j ywJ h relay &J U contact symbol eJ Y coil symbol awG u k d LD program rS m instruction code &J U symbol tjzpf e J Y toH k ; jyKxm;wm
jzpfygw,f/
'gaMumifh LD program rSmazmfjyxm;wJh contact eJY coil oauFwawG[m hardware ukd ukd,fpm;rjyKygbl;/ Software jzpfwJh ñTefMum;csufawGukdom ukd,fpm;jyK azmfjyxm;wm jzpfyg w,f/ Instruction code &JU oauFwawGom jzpfMuygw,f/ “The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
128
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qkdwm t"dyÜg,fowfrSwfcsuf jzpfygw,f/ ½kyfyHkawG? tu©&mpmvHk;awGeJY t"dyÜg,f owfrSwfxm;wm jzpfygw,f/ 'gaMumifh Examine ON vkdY ajymcsif? a&;csif&if 'Dvdka&;&ygw,f/ Examine OFF vkdY ckdif;csif&if 'Dvkda&;&ygw,f/ Output ukd ON apcsif&if –( ) 'Dvkda&;&ygw,f/ , eJY –( ) awG[m instruction code awG jzpfMuygw,f/ PLC ukd pwiftoHk;jyKcJhwm 1968 November v? u jzpfygw,f/ tJ'Dacwfumv u vQyfppftif*sifeD,mawG[m computer eJY xdawGUrI r&Sdoavmuf jzpfygw,f/ Relay control circuit awGeJY uawmh &if;ESD;uRrf;0ifNyD;om; jzpfMuygw,f/ 'gaMumifh olwkdYeJY &if;ESD;NyD;om; jzpfwJh relay symbol awGudk toHk;jyKNyD; PLC program ukd tvG,fwul a&;wwfatmifvkdY LD Language ukd pwifwDxGifcJhwm jzpfygw,f/ ckacwfrSmawmh IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) u owfrSwf jy|mef; xm;wJh PLC Programming Language 5rsdK; &Sdygw,f/ IEC 61131-3 Format Programming Software Languages awGuawmh? Code
1 2 3 4 5
Ladder Diagram (LD) Function Block Diagram (FBD) Instruction List (IL) Structured Text (ST) Sequential Function Chart (SFC)
Graphical Language Graphical Language Text-based Language Text-based Language Object-oriented programming framework wkdY
jzpfMuygw,f/ Not all PLCs support all five Language types, but nearly all of them support Ladder Diagram (LD), which will be the primary focus of this book.
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
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LD eJY a&;&wJh instruction code program awGeJY &Sif;vif;azmfjyygr,f/
vrf; nTef
awG&JU oabmt"dyÜg,feJY toHk;jyKyHkawGukd erlem
Example program: 1 X0
vkdY a&;xm;&if b,ftpGefrSm&SdwJh axmifvkdufrsOf; vertical line u instruction pwifa&;&r,fh ae&mvkdY rSwfxm;yg/ X0 qkdwmuawmh Examine ON “X0” vkdY a&;xm;wm jzpfygw,f/ X0 [m ON jzpfaeovm;vdkY ppfaq;MunfhygvkdY PLC ukd ckdif;wJh instruction &JU code jzpfygw,f/ ( Y0 ) qkdwm uawmh output “Y0” ukd ON vkdufygvkdY ckdif;wJh instruction &JU code jzpfygw,f/ pm&Gufay:rSm tckjrifae? awGUae&wJhyHkpHrsdK;? a&;xm;wmukd computer ay:rSm LD program tjzpf? ( Y0 )
tckvkd jrifcsif&if t&ifvkyf&ygw,f/
programming software jzpfwJh WPLSoft ukd computer xJrSm install
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
130
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“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
131
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WPLSoft_V2.20.07 Software Installation WPLSoft ukd computer xJrSm install vkyfawmhr,fqkd&if?
1/
(www.delta.com.tw/product/em/download) Zip file jzpfygw,f/
uae
WPLSoft ukd download &,lyg/
1. Download the WPLSoft_V2.20.07.Zip from http://www.delta.com.tw/product/em/download/download_main.asp?act=3&pid=3&cid= 1&tpid=3
2/ 3/
2.
WPLSoft V2.20.07 Zip udk
rdrd&JU computer u drive C: xJ ul;a&;xm;yg/ WPLSoft V2.20.07 Zip udk double click vkyfyg/
Double click on icon [PLSoft_V20.20.07.Zip]
4/ Setup.exe udk double click vkyfyg/
(Fig. 2a)
Figure 2a 3.
Double click on setup.exe
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
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Figure 3a
5/ ay:vmwJh WinZip Caution ay:u Yes ukd click vkyfyg/ (Fig. 4a) 4.
Click on [Yes]
Figure 4a
6/ ay:vmwJh Install ay:u OK ukd click vkyfyg/ 5.
Click on [OK]
Figure 5a
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
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Figure 6a
Figure 7a
7/ ay:vmwJh WPLSoft 2.20.07 Install Shield Wizard ay:u Next ukd click vkyfyg/
Figure 8a Click on [Next]
8/ ay:vmwJh
box awG Æ Finish (Fig. 12a)
udk Next (Fig. 9a) Æ Next (Fig. 10a) Æ Install (Fig. 11a) awGukd click vkyfoGm;&if&ygNyD/
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
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Figure 9a Click on [Next]
Figure 10a Click on [Next]
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
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Figure 11a Click on [Install]
Figure 12a
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
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Figure 13a Click on [Finish]
'gqkd&if
Programming Software udk computer xJrSm install vkyfwm NyD;oGm;NyD jzpfyg Desktop udk jyefoGm;Munhf&if Screen ay:rSm WPLSoft 2.20 qkdwJh shortcut icon
w,f/ ay:aewmukd awGU&ygvdrhfr,f/ txufrSm azmfjycJhwJh Example qufvuf a&;om; azmfjyoGm;ygr,f/
program: 1
ukd
Computer
ay:rSma&;enf;ukd tck
On the Desktop
Figure 14a Double click on [WPLSoft 2. 20] “The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
137
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oifwef;rSm vufawGU vkyfwJh PLC trsdK;tpm;u Delta Electronic Ltd. u xkwfwJh DVP-14SS2 trsdK;tpm; PLC jzpfygw,f/ Programming Software u WPLSoft jzpfygw,f/ 1. Desktop ay:u WPLSoft 2. 20 qkdwJh icon ukd double click vkyfyg/ See Fig. 14a
Figure 15a 2. Delta WPLSoft vkdY
a&;xm;wJh Software ay:vmwJhtcg File ukd click vkyfyg/
Figure 16a “The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
138
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Figure 17a Click on [File] Æ [New] on Menu Bar 3. Menu Bar ay:u New
ukd
click
vkyfyg/
Figure 17a udkMunfhyg/
Figure 18a Click on down button
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
139
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PLC
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Figure 19a Click on [SS2] 4.
ay:vmwJh Pop-up Menu (Figure 19a) xJu click vkyfyg/
PLC Model udk SS2 vkdY
Figure 20a Click on [OK]
a&G;NyD; OK udk
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
140
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5. Ladder Diagram Mode Screen tao;ukd
vrf; nTef
tBuD;csJUzkdY Maximize udk click vkyfyg/
Figure 22a Click on [Maximize]
Figure 23a
rSm&SdwJh ukd ESdyfyg/ tJ'DtcsdefrSm av;axmifhuGuf Cursor [m b,fbufu axmifvkdufrsOf;eJY xduyfae&rSm jzpfygw,f/ Fig. 23a ukd Munhfyg/
6. Task bar
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
141
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Figure 24a Click on
button on the Tool Bar
Figure 25a Click on [OK]
7. Input Device Instruction qkdwJh dialog box ay:vmwJhtcg X0 (Device Name rSm X, Device Number rSm 0) vkdY a&G;cs,f select vkyfNyD; OK ukd ESdyfyg/ 'DtcgrSm yHk Fig. 26a rSmjyxm;wJh twkdif;ay:aeygvdrhfr,f/
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
142
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Figure 26a
8.
ukdESdyfyg/
Figure 27a Click on
button on the Tool Bar
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
143
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9. Output coil ukd Y0 (Device Name rSm Y, Device Number rSm 0) vkdY
vrf; nTef
a&G;cs,fNyD; OK
ukdESdyfyg/
Figure 28a Click on [OK]
'DtcgrSm Examine ON “X0”, Output ON “Y0” qkdwJh instruction ygwJh program 1ck ukd a&;NyD;oGm;NyDjzpfygw,f/ User ua&;wJh program jzpfwmrkdYvdkY User Program vkdY ac:yg w,f/ Example program: 1
Figure 20a
tcka&;xm;wJh azmfjyygr,f/
program
ukd
simulator
eJY
RUN
MunhfyHkMunhfenf;ukd qufvuf
WPLSoft software rS m built-in simulator yg&S d y gw,f /
wpfck a&;NyD;NyDqkd&if compile ukd t&ifvkyf&ygw,f/ vkyf&wJh taMumif; &if;u rdrda&;xm;wJh LD program [m PLC u em;vnfvufcHEkdifwJh code awGeJY rSefrSef uefuefa&;xm;wm [kwfyg&Jhvm;qkdwmukd programming software ukd ppfaq;ckdif;wm jzpfyg w,f/ Program
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
144
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LD eJ Y User Program a&;NyD ; wk d i f ; 1. Compiler ukd
Figure 30a 2.
ESdyfyg/
Click on [Compiler] Æ [Ladder => Instruction] on the Menu Bar
ay:vmwJh Ladder => Instruction ukd ESdyfyg/
Figure 31a
Click on [OK]
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
145
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3. Simulator ukd (Allow) ukd ESdyfyg/
ESdyfyg/ 'DtcgrSm yHk
Figure 32a
Unblock
Click on [Unblock]
ukd ESdyfyg/
Figure 34a 5. Yes
ay:vm&if
Click on [Simulator] button on the Tool Bar
Figure 33a 4. Online Mode
Fig. 33a rSmjyxm;wJhtwkdif;
vrf; nTef
Click on [Online Mode] button on the Tool Bar
ukd ESdyfyg/
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
146
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Figure 35a
Click on [Yes] button
Figure 36a Virtual PLC udk RUN zkdYtwGuf Tool Bar ay:u Run ukdESdyfyg/
Figure 38a
Click on [Run] button
Figure 39a
Click on [Yes] button
tckvkyfcJhwJh tvkyfawGukd atmufrSm twkdcsKyf a&;jyxm;ygw,f/ User Program a&;NyD;&if Compiler Æ Ladder => Instruction
Æ Simulator Æ
Unblock Æ Online Mode Æ Yes Æ Run Æ Yes
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
147
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X0 ukd ON MunhfzdkYtwGuf X0 ay:rSm Cursor csyg/ Right click ESdyfNyD; Set On vkyfyg/
Figure 41a
Click on [Set On ]
'DtcgrSm X0 a&m Y0 yg tpdrf;a&mif Highlighted jzpfoGm;ygw,f/
Figure 42a X0 = ON, jzpfwmeJU Y0 = ON, jzpfwmukd tpdrf;a&mif Highlight eJY tpdrf;a&mif Highlight &JU t"dyÜg,fu True vkdY jzpfygw,f/
NyD;&if X0 ay: Cursor csNyD; right click ESdyf?
Figure 43a
azmfjywm jzpfygw,f/
Set Off vkyfygr,f/
Click on [ Set Off ]
'DtcgrSm X0 a&m? Y0 ygtpdrf;a&mif Highlight aysmufuG,foGm;ygw,f/ t"dyÜg,fu X0 [m ON r[kwfbl; (False), Y0 uvnf; ON r[kwfbl; (False) vkdY azmfjywm jzpfygw,f/ Examine ON [m ON jzpf&if True jzpfygw,f/ (ON jzpfaeovm;vkdY ppfaq;wm ON awGUvkdY rSefw,f qkdwJUt"dyÜg,f jzpfygw,f/) “The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
148
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Examine OFF [m OFF jzpf&if True jzpfygw,f/ (OFF jzpfaeovm;vkdY ppfaq;wm OFF awGUvkdY rSefw,f qkdwJUt"dyÜg,f jzpfygw,f/) Logical True jzpfvkdY instruction code symbol ukd Highlight tpdrf;a&mifeJUazmfjywm jzpfyg
w,f/
Figure 44a X0
Scan time shown on Status Bar
( Y0 )
vkdY a&;xm;wmukd MunhfNyD; t"dyÜg,fazmfMunhf&rSmu {X0 [m ON jzpfaeovm;vkdY ppfaq;Munhfyg/ [kwfrSefcJh&if Y0 ukd ON vkdufyg} vkdY t"dyÜg,fukd odjrif&rSm jzpfygw,f/ 'D instruction pmaMumif;&JU aemufuG,frSm&SdaewJh t"dyÜg,fwpfcku {X0 [m ON jzpfaeovm;vkdY ppfaq;Munhfyg/ r[kwfcJh?rrSefcJh&if Y0 ukd r ON ygeJY} qkdwJh t"dyÜg,f jzpfygw,f/ [kwfw,f? rSefw,fqdkwmukd True vkdY ac:ygw,f/ r[kwfbl;? rrSefbl;qkdwmukd Flase vkdY ac:ygw,f/ [kwfrS vkyf? r[kwf&if rvkyfeJY qkdwJh oabmt"dyÜg,fjzpfygw,f/
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
149
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aemufxyf Example program 1ck xyfa&;Munhf&atmif/ Example program: 2 File Æ New Æ SS2 Æ
X0
( Y10 )
vkdY a&;NyD;&if
Compiler Æ Ladder => Instruction Æ
Simulator Æ Online Mode Æ Yes vkyfyg/
(Simulator ukd ON xm;NyD;om;jzpfae&if Screen &JU atmufajcrSm&SdwJh Task Bar rSm Simulator qkdwJh pm ay:aeygvdrhfr,f/) 'DtcgrSm jrifawGU&wmukd aoaocsmcsm Munhfyg/ X0 qkdwJh instruction code [m pdrf;aeygw,f/ True jzpfaMumif; azmfjywm jzpfygw,f/
tcka&;xm;wJh program &JU t"dyÜg,fu X0 = OFF jzpf&if Y10 ukd ON vkdufygvkdY ckdif;xm;wm jzpfygw,f/ X0 [m OFF jzpfaevkdY Highlight jzpfaeayr,fh Y10 uawmh Highlight jzpfraeygbl;/ Highlight rjzpfwm[m False jzpfaew,fvkdY azmfjywm jzpfygw,f/ Y10 = OFF jzpfaew,f vkdY azmfjyaewm jzpfygw,f/ bmaMumifhvJqdkawmh PLC u Stop jzpfaevkdY jzpfygw,f/ Status Bar rSm STOP qkdwJh pmvHk;udk teDa&mifeJY ay:aewmukd awGU&ygvdrfhr,f/ WPLSoft udk Computer ay:rSm Run xm;NyD;rS tcka&;jycJhwmawGudk zwfvdkuf? a&;vdkuf? Munfhvdkuf? vkyf&if ydkNyD;oabmayguf ygvdrfhr,f/
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
150
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
PLC ukd RUN vkdufyg/
'DawmhrS X0 a&m Y10 yg pdrf;oGm;wmukd awGU&ygvdrfhr,f/
tcka&;xm;wJh program &JU t"dyÜg,fu a&;xm;wm jzpfygw,f/
X0 = OFF
jzpfcJh&if
Y10
ukd
ON
vkdufygvkdY
Time Chart
tckjyxm;wJh
Time Chart &JU
t"dyÜg,fu X0 = OFF jzpfcJh&if Y10 [m ON jzpfaeNyD;? X0 = ON jzpfcJh&if Y10 [m OFF jzpfaewmukd azmfjywm jzpfygw,f/
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
151
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
aemufxyf program wpfckxyfa&;ygr,f/ Example program: 3 Program topfa&;zkdY File Æ New vkyfr,f qkd&if Online Mode ukd t&ifjyefjzKwfNyD;rS File Æ New Æ SS2 ukd a&G;vkdY&ygw,f/ tcka&;r,fh program u instruction pmaMumif; 2 aMumif;ygwJh program jzpfygw,f/ yxr instruction code pmaMumif;u X0 [m ON jzpf&if Y1 udk ON vkdufyg? vkdY jzpfNyD; 'kwd, instruction code pmaMumif;u X0 = OFF jzpf&if Y2 ukd ON vkdufyg? vkdY jzpfygw,f/
txufyHkrSm jyxm;wJhtwkdif; a&;NyD; Compile vkyfvkduf&if atmufqHk;pmaMumif;rSm END qkdwJh Instruction code ay:vmwmukd awGU&ygvdrfhr,f/ atmufyHkudk Munhfyg/
Online Mode icon ukd
ESdyfvkdufwJhtcg
Warning Box ay:vmygvdrfhr,f/
tck a&;xm;wJh program ukd PLC xJa&;xnfhwm download vkyfrvm;vkdY ar;wm jzpfyg w,f/ Simulator ukd ON xm;NyD;rS Online Mode ukd ESdyf&rSm jzpfygw,f/ 'DtcsdefrSm computer eJY bm PLC eJYrS wu,fqufoG,frxm;ygbl;/ Simulator software xJrSm&SdwJh PLC vkdvkyfaqmifwJh Virtual PLC xJukd download vkyfrvm;vkdY ar;wm jzpfyg w,f/ PLC ukd t&if RUN xm;NyD;rS Online Mode udk ESdyfyg/ Download vkyfrSmvm;vkdY ar;wJh tcg YES ukd ESdyfvkduf&if aemufxyf Warning box 1ck xyfay:vmygw,f/
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
152
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
PLC ukd RUN aewHk; download vkyfcGifhr&Sdbl;vkdY ajymwmjzpfygw,f/ PLC xJukd program a&;xnhfwJhtcg PLC xJrSm&SdNyD;om; program ukd tukefzsufNyD;rS program topfudk a&;wm
jzpfvkdY qufvkyfrSmvm;vkdY ar;wmjzpfygw,f/ qufvkyfr,fqkdNyD; Yes ukd ESdyfvkdufwJhtcg PLC udk t&if STOP vkyfygw,f/ NyD;rS zsufwm delete udk vkyfygw,f/ NyD;rS program topfa&;ygw,f/ Yes ukd xyfESdyfvkduf&if atmufyHkrSm jyxm;wJh Write to PLC qkdwJh tjyma&mif wHk; uav;awG zsyfceJay:vmNyD; virtual PLC xJrSma&;NyD;om; jzpfoGm;ygw,f/
Write to PLC
qdkwJh tjyma&mifwHk;av;awG zsyfceJay:vmNyD;&if
Confirm box
xyf
ay:vmygw,f/
PLC ukd Monitor Screen
jyef RUN rSmvm;vkdY ar;wmjzpfygw,f/ 'DtcgrSm Yes ukd ESdyfvkduf&if &JU atmufajctv,favmufrSm RUN qkdwJhpmukd tpdrf;a&mifeJYawGU&rSm
jzpfygw,f/
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
153
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
yHkrSm jyxm;wJhtwkdif; PLC ukd Stop vkyfvkduf&if tJ'Dae&mrSm STOP qkdwJhpmudk teDa&mifeJY azmfjyaeygw,f/ oleJYuyfvsufnmzufrSm Simulator qkdwJh pmay:aeygvdrfhr,f/
Simulator udk ON xm;w,fvkdY azmfjywmjzpfygw,f/ tay:buf Tool Bar rSm&SdwJh Simulator icon udk Munfhyg/ ESdyfxm;wJhyHkpHtjzpfeJY azmfjyaeygw,f/ Simulator icon ukd xyfESdyfvkduf&if atmufajcrSm ay:aewJh Simulator qkdwJhpm aysmufoGm;ygw,f/ Simulator = OFF jzpfoGm;wJh oabm jzpfygw,f/ tcka&;cJhwJh Example program oHk;ckpvHk;rSm program a&;NyD;vkdY compile vkyfvkdufwJh tcgwkdif; END qkdwJh instruction code 1ck xyfwkd;vmwmukd owdjyKrdMur,f xifygw,f/ WPLSoft u xyfjznfh ay;vkdufwJh instruction code jzpfygw,f/ LD eJY a&;wJh PLC program wkdif;ukd END qdkwJh instruction eJY tqHk;owf&ygw,f/ 'grSom PLC u olUukdckdif;xm;wJh instruction NyD;qHk;aMumif;ukd odygw,f/ Version edrfhwJh tcsdKU programming software awGrSm END qkdwmukd program a&;wJhvl programmer u xnhfa&; ay;&ygw,f/ END ukd a&;rxm;bJ compile vkyfvkduf&if error jyygw,f/ Version jrihfwJh software awGrSm END ukd xnhfa&;ay;p&mrvkdawmhygbl;/ Example program: 3 &JU b,fbufjcrf;rSm 0, 2, 4, 7919 vkdY txufatmuf ay:aewJh *Pef;awGudk program step vkdY ac:ygw,f/ Memory Step jzpfygw,f/ One Step [m One Word vkdY rSwf,lvkdY &ygw,f/ 7919 qkdwmuawmh total memory size jzpfygw,f/ DVP-14SS2 qkdwJh PLC [m program step aygif; 7919 steps txd vufcHaqmif&Guf
EkdifpGrf; &Sdw,fvkdY azmfjywmjzpfygw,f/
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
154
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
Example program: 2
ukd
Keyboard Shortcut
vrf; nTef
awGoHk;NyD; a&;wJhenf;udk atmufrSmazmfjy
xm;ygw,f/ X0 a&;&r,fh program u ( Y0 ) jzpfygw,f/ WPLSoft ukd zGifhyg/ Menu Bar ay:rSm&SdwJh File Æ New Æ SS2 Æ OK ukd ESdyfNyD;wJhtcg Maximize ESdyfNyD; Screen ukd csJUyg/ Cursor ukd tpjyK&r,fhae&m initial point rSm ae&mcsyg/ NyD;&if keyboard ay:u Enter ukd ESdyfyg/ ay:vmwJh box xJrSm LD vkdY ½kdufNyD; Space bar ukd 1csuf ESdyfyg? X0 vkdY quf½dkufNyD; Enter ukd ESdyfyg/ (O tkd eJY 0 oHknukd rrSm;ygapeJY) Enter ukd xyfESdyfyg/ ay:vmwJh box xJrSm out vkdY ½dkufxnfhNyD; ESdyf? Y0 vkdY ½dkufNyD;? ESdyfvkduf&if atmufyHkrSm jyxm;wJhtwkdif; ay:vmygw,f/
Compile vkyfzkdYtwGuf eJU ukd wGJESdyfyg/ atmufyHkrSm jyxm;wJhtwkdif; END ay:vmygw,f/
NyD;&if ukd 1csuf ESdyfyg/
NyD;&if Tool Bar ay:u Simulator icon udk ESdyfyg/ Task Bar rSm Simulator qkdwJh pm ay:vmygvdrfhr,f/ NyD;&if virtual PLC xJ a&;xnfhzkdYtwGuf eJY ukd wGJESdyfyg/ ukd 1csuf ESdyfyg/ Online Mode vkyfzkdYtwGuf &,f? &,f? &,f? ukd wGJESdyfyg/ NyD;&if virtual PLC ukd RUN zkdYtwGuf eJY udk wGJESdyfyg/ Task Bar ay:rSm RUN qkdwJh tpdrf;a&mifpmwrf; ay:vmNyD; X0 [m Highlight jzpfaeyg vdrhfr,f/ Y0 vnf; Highlight jzpfaeygvdrfhr,f/ t"dyÜg,fu X 0 [m X0 = OFF jzpfae vkdY True jzpfwJhtwGuf Y0 [m ON jzpfaew,f vkdY azmfjywmjzpfygw,f/ X0 ay: Cursor csNyD;? right click ESdyf? Set On vkyfyg/ 'DtcgrSm X0 [m Highlight aysmuf oGm;NyD; vkdY
Y0 vnf; Highlight aysmufoGm;ygw,f/
False
t"dyÜg,fu
X0
[m
X0 = ON jzpfoGm;
jzpfwJhtwGuf Y0 [m OFF jzpfoGm;w,fvkdY azmfjywm jzpfygw,f/
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
155
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
'Dtxd zwfvkdY em;vnfrS? oabmaygufrS? a&SUqufzwfzkdY wkdufwGef;ygw,f/ em;rvnfao;&if Computer ay:rSm program a&;NyD; apmapmu ajymcJhwmawGukd xyfcgxyfcg prf;vkyfMunhfyg/ NyD;&if pOf;pm;yg/ a&;om; azmfjyxm;wmawGukd [kwfw,f? rSefw,f? vkdY em;vnfvufcHNyD;rS a&SUqufwufoifhygw,f/
tjcm;ol wpfa,mufukd &Sif;jyEkdifwJhtxd ykdifEkdifatmifavhusihfyg/ Examine ON “X0” [m X0 = ON jzpf&if True jzpfw,f/ Examine OFF “X0” [m X0 = OFF jzpf&if True jzpfw,f/ Highlight
u
True jzpfwmukd azmfjywmyJvkdY &Sif;&Sif;vif;vif; odem;vnfxm;rSom Program awGudk rSefrSefuefuef t"dyÜg,fazmfwwf? interpret vkyfwwf? rSm
olrsm; a&;xm;wJh jzpfygw,f/ aemufwqifhu Logic AND eJY Logic OR taMumif; qufNyD;avhvm&rSm jzpfyg w,f/ AND eJY OR ukd rajymcif bmaMumifh X0 eJY Y0 vkdY a&;&wmvJqkdwmukd t&if&Sif;jyygr,f/ tcka&;cJhwJh Example Program 3ck pvHk;udk Delta Electronics u xkwfvkyfwJh wu,fY PLC jzpfwJh DVP-14SS2 xJukd a&;xnfhNyD; PLC ukd RUN vkdY &wJh WPLSoft vkdY ac:wJh programming software eJY a&;NyD; WPLSoft xJrSm tqifoifhyg0ifNyD;om; Simulator software eJY prf;oyfMunhfcJhwm jzpfygw,f/ PLC program 1ckukd a&;awmhr,fqkd&if toHk;jyKr,fY PLC &JU type udk t&ifa&G;cs,f owfrSwf&ygw,f/ tcka&G;cs,fowfrSwfxm;wJh PLC u DVP-14SS2 jzpfygw,f/ tJ'D SS2 &JU Memory rSm ae&mawG cGJa0owfrSwfxm;yHkukd Memory Map of SS2 rSm azmfjyxm;yg w,f/
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
156
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
157
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
tJ'D Memory Map of SS2 udk Munhfvkduf&if Input terminal twGuf Input Image Memory ukd X0 to X377 vkdY azmfjyxm;ygw,f/ Output terminal twGuf Output Image Memory ukd Y0 to Y377 vkdY azmfjyxm;ygw,f/ DVP-14SS2 rSm Input terminal 8ck eJY Output terminal 6ckyJ yg&Sdygw,f/ I/O eJY oufqkdifwJh memory rSmawmh X0 uae X377 txd eJY Y0 uae Y377 txdvkdY azmfjyxm;ygw,f/ X eJY Y &JU memory ae&m ta&twGufukd Octal Number System eJY a&wGufygw,f/ 'gaMumifh SS2 &JU memory xJrSm X twGufu 256 ae&m (256 bits) Y twGufu 256 ae&m (256 bits) &Sdygw,f/ X0 vkdY a&; xm;wJhtcg ukd Opcode (Operator) vkdY ac:ygw,f/ X0 udk Operand (Address) vkdY ac:ygw,f/ X0 vkdY a&;xm;wJhtxJu X ukd Device name, 0 ukd Device address vkdY ac:ygw,f/ Input ukd X vkdY owfrSwfNyD; Output ukd Y vkdY owfrSwfxm;wm jzpfygw,f/ Opcode qkdwm vkyf&r,fYtvkyfjzpfNyD;? Operand qkdwmvkyf&r,fYae&mudk qkdvkdyg w,f/ X 0 &JU t"dyÜg,fu Input Image Memory xJu X0 qkdwJh bit [m ON jzpfae ovm;vkdY ppfaq;ckdif;wm jzpfygw,f/ X0 = ON jzpfaewmawGU&if True jzpfygw,f/ ( Y0 ) vkdY a&;wJhtcgrSm ( ) u Opcode jzpfNyD; Y0 u Operand jzpfygw,f/ ( Y0 ) [m olU&JUb,fbufrSm&SdwJh condition eJY jynhfpHk&if Y0 ukd ON vkdufyg vkdY ckdif;apwm jzpfygw,f/ Output image memory xJu Y0 qkdwJh bit ae&mrSm 1 (ON) vkdY a&;rSwfvkdufygvkdY ckdif;apwm jzpfygw,f/ X0 'gaMumifh udk read instruction vkdY ac:NyD; ( Y0 ) udk write instruction vkdY ac:ygw,f/ uvnf; read instruction trsdK;tpm;yJ jzpfygw,f/ Memory rSm a&;rSwf xm; wmukd zwfMunhfckdif;wm read vkyfckdif;wmjzpfvkdY read instruction vkdY ac:wm jzpfygw,f/ PLC oHk;rsdK;rSm Basic Instruction Code &JU Operand owfrSwfxm;yHkcsif; rwlwmukd atmufrSm EdkSif;,SOfazmfjyxm;ygw,f/ Model : Input : Output : LD : Software:
1. Delta PLC
2. Omron PLC
3. Siemens PLC
DVP-14SS2 X0 to X377 Y0 to Y 377
CPM1A-20CDR 0.00 to 9.15 10.00 to 19.15
S7-200CPU224 I0.0 to I15.7 Q 0.0 to Q 15.7
X0
WPLSoft
0.00
10.00
( Y0 ) CX Programmer
I 0.0
Q 0.0
(
)
STEP 7-Micro/WIN
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
158
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
1. Delta PLC X0 to X377 txd input memory bit aygif; 256 ck&Sdygw,f/ Y0 to Y377 txd uvnf; output memory bit aygif; 256bits &Sdygw,f/ Octal number eJY azmfjywm jzpfygw,f/ X u Input ukd &nfñTef;NyD; Y u output ukd &nfñTef;wm jzpfygw,f/ Program a&;r,fqkd&if WPLSoft eJY a&;&ygw,f/ DVP-14SS2
rSm
2. Omron PLC
rSm 0.00 to 9.15 txd input memory bit aygif; 160 bits &Sdygw,f/ 0.00 rSmyg&SdwJh b,ftpGefu 0 [m word &JUeHygwf jzpfygw,f/ tJ'D 0 aemufu dot u word eJY bit udk separate vkyf ykdif;jcm;xm;wJhoauFw jzpfygw,f/ Separator vkdY ac:ygw,f/ tJ'D dot aemufu 00 [m bit &JU eHygwf jzpfygw,f/ 0.00 to 9.15 txd qdkawmh word 0 &JU bit 0 uae word 9 &JU bit 15 txd bit aygif; 160 &Sdygw,f/ Output tjzpf word 10 uae word 19 txd owfrSwfxm;wJhtwGuf output memory bit aygif; 160 &Sdygw,f/ Program a&;r,f qkd&if CX-Programmer eJY a&;&ygw,f/ CPM1A-20CDR
3. Siemens PLC S7-200 CPU224 rSm I0.0 to I15.7 txd input memory bit aygif; 128 bits &Sdygw,f/ Q0.0 to Q15.7 txdvnf; output memory bit aygif; 128 bits &Sdygw,f/ I ukd input vkdY owfrSwfNyD; Q ukd output vkdY owfrSwf xm;wm jzpfygw,f/ I0.0 qdkwmuawmh Input Byte 0 &JU bit 0 vkdY t"dyÜg,f&ygw,f/ I15.7 qkdwmu Input Byte 15 &JU bit 7 vkdY ajymwmjzpfygw,f/ 'gaMumihf memory xJrSm Input twGuf Byte 16 bytes pm ae&m&Sdygw,f/ One byte rSm 8 bits &SdvkdY pkpkaygif; 128 bits jzpfygw,f/ Program a&;r,fqkd&if STEP 7-Micro/WIN eJY
a&;&ygw,f/ Output ukd ON ckdif;wJh instruction code &JUoauFw symbol ukdvnf; Delta eJY Semens u –( ) 'DykHeJY azmfjyayrJh Omron uawmh 'DyHkeJY azmfjyygw,f/
xkwfvkyfol awmfawmfrsm;rsm;u input ukd X, output ukd Y vkdY owfrSwfMu ygw,f/ toHk;jyKol User awGtwGuf LD eJY program a&;zkdY oif,l&mrSm vG,fulapygw,f/ PLC
'DpmtkyfrSm Program taMumif;&Sif;jywJhtcg DVP-14SS2 ukdoHk;NyD; &Sif;jy&wJh taMumif;&if;u program a&;wJh software (WPLSoft) ukd Delta Automation &JU webiste rSm w&m;0iftcrJh ay;xm;wmjzpfNyD;? Simulator ukdyg tJ'D WPLSoft xJrSm built-in xnfhay; xm;vkdY jzpfygw,f/
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
159
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
'Dawmh
PLC r&SdbJeJY program a&;NyD; virtual PLC eJY RUN MunhfvkdY &wJhtwGuf instruction code awG&JU vkyfaqmifcsufukd ppfaq;MunhfvkdY &ygw,f/ OEM &JU Manual awGrSmvnf; yHkESdyftrSm; printing error awG &Sdwwfygw,f/ Instruction code topf 1ck ukd awGUwJhtcg OEM &JU Manual rSm olU&JU t"dyÜg,fowfrSwfcsufukd t&if&Smzwf&ygr,f/ NyD;&if erlem program a&;prf; Munhf&ygr,f/ tJ'D code &JU function ukd taotcsmodNyDqkdrS wu,fY Project awGrSm a&;NyD; oHk;oihfygw,f/ vufawGUvkyfief; aqmif&GufwJh ae&mrSm
jrefzkdYxuf? rSefzkdYu ykdta&;BuD; ygw,f/ Logical AND Function Program
tck Logical AND Function ukd LD eJY program b,fvkda&;&w,f qkdwmukd qufvufazmfjyygr,f/ (vufawGUprf;oyfzdkY PLC r&SdwJholawGu tcka&;om;azmfjy xm;wm awGukd pdwful;eJY yHkazmfMunhfNyD; Simulator eJY RUN MunfhvkdY &ygw,f)/ Logic AND &JU t"dyÜg,fu AND vkyfxm; wmawG tm;vHk; ON jzpfrS AND &JU Logic Result u ON jzpfygw,f/ LD eJY program a&; NyD;vufawGUprf;MunhfzkdYtwGuf vkdtyfwJh ypönf;awGuawmh PLC 1vHk; = DVP-14SS2-11R, Pushbutton (N.O) 2ck? 24V, 3W Lamp 1vHk;? 24VDC power supply 1ck wkdY jzpfMuygw,f/ P.B 1
Lamp 1 Y0
X0 P.B 2 X1
Delta PLC = DVP14SS2-11R
COM 0
+ 24V −
24V + − S/S
Input Terminal
Output Terminal
yHk(u) Wiring yHk(u)rSm jyxm;wJhtwkdif; wiring jyKvkyf&ygr,f/ Output terminal “Y0” rSm 24V, 3W lamp udk qufoG,fxm;&ygr,f/ P.B1 ukd Input terminal “X0” rSmqufoG,fNyD; P.B2 ukd Input terminal “X1” rSm qufoG,fxm;&rSm jzpfygw,f/ P.B1 eJY P.B2 wkdY 2ck pvHk;[m ESdyfvkdufrS close jzpfwJh N.O contact trsdK;tpm; pushbutton awG jzpfMuygw,f/ P.B1 ukd ESdyf&if X0 = ON jzpfNyD;? ESdyfxm;wmukd jyefvTwfvkduf&if X0 = OFF jzpfoGm;ygw,f/ “The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
160
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
'DvkdrsdK;
pushbutton ukd momentary contact ygwJh pushbutton vkdY ac:ygw,f/ (Simulator eJY prf;r,fh olawGu P.B1 ukd ESdyfwJh condition tjzpf X0 ukd Set On vkyfay;&ygr,f/ jyefvTwfwJh condition jzpfatmif X0 ukd Set Off jyefvkyfay;&rSm jzpfygw,f/ 'DvkdvkyfrS P.B1 ukd ESdyfNyD; jyefvTwfvkdufwJh function jzpfygw,f/)
yHk(A) Program
Y0
Time Chart
yHk(A)rSm azmfjyxm;wJhtwkdif; LD program ukda&;yg/ Program a&;NyD;&if compile vkyfyg/ DVP-14SS2-11R ukd 24VDC power supply eJY qufoG,fyg/ PLC ay:u PWR rD; vif;vm&if programming cable ukd (PC ÅÆ PLC) qufoG,fyg/ 'Dae&mrSm tck program a&;xm;wJh Computer u COM port (RS-232 port) rygwJh Computer rsdK;? Oyrm? (Laptop) jzpfcJh&if RS-232 to USB Converter &SdrSom programming cable ukd qufvkYd&ygr,f/ USB Converter cable rsm;pGm&SdwJhtxJu oHk;&wmtqifajywJh cable uawmh ATEN International Co. Ltd. u xkwfvkyfwJh UC-232A USB-to-Serial Converter jzpfygw,f/ olUukd oHk;r,fqkd&if UC-232A cable ukd 0,f,lpOfu ygvmwJh driver CD ukd Computer xJxnhfNyD; driver software ukd t&if install vkyf&ygw,f/ 'gu Computer eJY UC-232A cable ukd rdwfqufay;wm jzpfygw,f/ Computer eJY PLC (DVP-14SS2-11R) ukd programming cable eJY qufoG,fNyD;&if WPLSoft xJrSm a&;xm;wJh program ukd PLC xJ a&;xnhfzkdY Tool Bar ay:u Write to PLC qkdwJh icon ukd ESdyfyg/
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
161
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
PLC xJukd
a&;xm;wJh program a&mufoGm;NyDqkd&if (1) PLC ay:u RUN rD;vHk; vif;ovm;? rvif;bl;vm;? qkdwmukd t&ifMunhfyg/ RUN LED rD; rvif;&if PLC ay:rSm yg&SdwJh RUN/STOP switch ukd Stop ae&mrSm t&ifxm;vdkufNyD; RUN ae&mukd a&TUvkdufyg/ RUN LED rD; vif; vmygvdrfhr,f/ (2) P.B1 ukd ESdyfxm;yg/ PLC ay:u X0 vkdY a&;xm;wJh LED udk Munfhyg/ LED rD; vif;wmukd awGU&ygvdrfhr,f/ Y0 LED udk Munfhyg/ LED rD; rvif;yg/ P.B1 ukd jyefvTwfvkdufyg/ (3) P.B2 ukd ESdyfxm;yg/ PLC ay:u X1 LED udk Munfhyg/ LED rD; vif;wmudk awGU&ygvdrfhr,f/ Y0 LED udk Munfhyg/ LED rD; rvif;yg/ P.B2 ukd jyefvTwf vkdufyg/ (4) P.B1 ukd ESdyfxm;yg/ P.B1 udk ESdyfxm;pOf P.B2 ukd xyfESdyfyg/ PLC ay:u X0 LED, X1 LED eJY Y0 LED oHk;vHk;pvHk; rD;vif;wmukd awGU&ygvdrfhr,f/ Output terminal Y0 rSm Lamp1 ukd qufoG,fxm;wJhtwGuf Lamp1 yg rD;vif;wmukd awGU&ygvdrfhr,f/ (5) WPLSoft &JU Tool Bar ay:u Online Mode ukd ESdyfyg/
'DtcgrSm PLC xJu vkyfaqmifcsufawGukd Computer Screen ay:rSm MunhfvkdY&ygNyD/ P.B1 eJY P.B2 ukd apmapmuprf;ovkd xyfESdyfMunhfyg/ Time chart rSm jyxm;wJhtwkdif; X0 a&m? X1 yg ON jzpfrS Y0 = ON jzpfwmukd awGU&ygvdrfhr,f/ PLC ukd STOP vkyf NyD;awmhvnf; P.B1 eJY P.B2 ukd ESdyfMunhfyg/ PLC ukd RUN vkyf NyD;awmhvnf; P.B1 eJY P.B2 ukd ESdyfMunhfyg/ “The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
162
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
Logical OR Function Program Logic OR function qkw d mu OR vkyfxm;wmawGxJu 1ck ON &if OR &JU logic result u ON jzpfygw,f/ OR vkyfxm;wmtm;vHk; ON jzpf&ifvnf; result u ON jzpfygw,f/ vufawGUprf;zdkYtwGuf AND function rSmwHk;u vdkyJ P.B1 ukd X0 eJY qufyg? PB2 ukd X1 eJY qufyg? Lamp1 ukd Y0 eJY qufoG,fxm;yg/ OR function ukd LD eJY program a&;wJhtcgrSm yHk(B) rSm jyxm;wJhtwkdif; a&;&ygw,f/ Vertical line ukd a&;csif&if X0 &JU nmbufrSm Cursor csNyD; udk ESdyfyg/
yHk(B) Program
Y0
Time chart
yHk(B) utwkdif; WPLSoft rSm a&;NyD;&if Compile vkyfyg/ PLC (DVP-14SS2-11R) ukd 24VDC Supply ay;yg/ PLC eJY Computer ukd programming cable eJY qufoG,fyg/ PLC ay:u PWR LED rD;? vif;aeNyDqkd&if eJY ukd wGJESdyfyg/ 'gu Write to PLC vkyfckdif;wm jzpfygw,f/ PLC ay:u RUN LED rD;? rvif;&if eJY ukd wGJESdyfyg/ PLC udk RUN ckdif;wm jzpfygw,f/ RUN LED rD;? vif;vmygvdrhfr,f/ OR function ukd prf;zkdYtwGuf P.B1 udk ESdyfxm;yg/ X0 = ON, eJY Y0 = ON jzpfNyD; terminal Y0 rSm qufoG,fxm;wJh Lamp1 rD;vif;vmygvdrfhr,f/ P.B1 ukd jyefvTwfvkduf&if Y0 LED = OFF jyefjzpfoGm;ygvdrhfr,f/ P.B2 ukd ESdyfMunhfyg/ Lamp1 rD;vif;wmukd awGU&ygvdrhfr,f/ jyefvTwfvkduf&if? Lamp1 rD; Nidrf;oGm;ygvdrhfr,f/ 'Dwcg P.B1 eJY P.B2 ukd wGJESdyfyg/ Y0 = ON eJY Lamp1 = ON jzpfwmukd awGU&ygvdrfhr,f/ Time chart rSm azmfjyxm;wmeJY EdIif;,SOfMunhfyg/ pOf;pm;yg/ 'gqkd&if OR &JU vkyfaqmifcsuf ukd em;vnfoabmaygufygvdrfhr,f/ “The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
163
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
eJY vufawGUprf;oyfcGifh r&ao;olawGtwGuf azmfjyygr,f/ PLC
Simulator
vrf; nTef
eJY prf;oyfyHkukd
LD eJY program a&;NyD;&if
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
Compile vkyfyg/ Simulator udk
ESdyfyg/ Task Bar rSm Simulator qkdwJh pmwrf;ay:vmygvdrfhr,f/ Wirte to PLC vkyfyg/ Online Mode ukd ESdyfyg/ Task Bar ukd Munhfyg/ STOP qkdwJh teDa&mifpm ay:ae&if eJY ukd wGJESdyfNyD; virtual PLC ukd RUN vkdufyg/ (6) OR function ukd prf;MunhfzkdY X0 ay: Cursor csNyD;? Right Click ESdyfyg/ (7) NyD;&if Set On vkyfyg/ Y0 = ON jzpfoGm;wmukd tpdrf;a&mif Highlight eJY awGU&ygvdrfhr,f/ X0 ay: Cursor csNyD;? R.C ESdyf? Set Off vkyfyg/ (8) X1 ay: Cursor cs? R.C ESdyf? Set On vkyfyg/ Y0 = ON jzpfwmukd Highlight eJY jyaeygvdrhfr,f/ NyD;&if Set Off jyefvkyfyg/ (9) X0 ay: Cursor csNyD; R.C ESdyf? Set On vkyfyg/ NyD;&if X1 ay: Cursor cs? R.C ESdyf? Set On vkyfyg/ Y0 = ON jzpfaeygw,f/ (10) X0 ay: Cursor cs? Set Off vkyfyg/ Y0 = ON jzpfaeqJygyJ/ X1 ay: Cursor cs? Set Off vkyfvkdufawmhrS Y0 = OFF jzpfoGm;ygw,f/ tckqkd&if PLC &SdwJholawGu Programming cable qufNyD; PLC xJu vkyfaqmifcsuf function awGukd Online Mode eJY MunhfwwfNyD jzpfygw,f/ PLC r&SdwJholawGuvnf; Simulator ukd ON NyD; Online Mode eJY prf;MunhfwwfNyD jzpfygw,f/
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
164
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
'gaMumifh a&hSqufa&;r,fh Logic Function awGtaMumif;ukd prf;oyfenf;awG csefvSyfNyD; &Sif;jyoGm;ygr,f/ tck Logic AND eJY Logic OR ukd aygif;pyfNyD; program a&;NyD; ckdif;wJhtcg PLC u aqmif&GufyHkukd qufvufazmfjyrSm jzpfygw,f/ AND eJY OR udk ykHpHtrsdK;rsdK;eJY aygif;a&;vkdY&ygw,f/ tJ'Dvkdaygif;pyfxm;wJh Logic ukd Logic Block vkdY ac:ygw,f/ Logic tpktzGJU jzpfygw,f/ tck AND Block 2ck ukd OR vkyfxm;wJh program taMumif; &Sif;jy ygr,f/
yHk#1
Y0 Y0
Y0
yHk#1 rSm jrif&wJh AND Block 2ck ukd OR vkyfxm;wJh LD program udk WPLSoft eJY a&;NyD; Simulator eJY prf;Munhf&if X0 eJY X1 2ckpvHk; ON jzpf&ifvnf; Y1 = ON jzpfygw,f/ X2 eJY X3 2ckpvHk; ON jzpf&ifvnf; Y1 = ON jzpfygw,f/ X0, X1, X2 eJY X3 4ckpvHk; ON jzpf&ifvnf; Y1 = ON jzpfygw,f/ 'Dtajctae oHk;rsdK;rSmom Y1 = ON jzpfygw,f/
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
165
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
yHk#2
Y0 Y0
Y0
yHk#2 rSm azmfjyxm;wJh program u OR Block 2ck ukd AND vkyfxm;wm jzpfygw,f/ tJ'gudk WPLSoft rSma&;NyD; Simulator eJY prf;Munhf&if? (1) X0 eJY X2 2ckpvHk; ON jzpf&if? (2) X1 eJY X3 2ckpvHk; ON jzpf&if? (3) X0 eJY X3 2ckpvHk; ON jzpf&if? (4) X1 eJY X2 2ckpvHk; ON jzpf&if? (5) X0, X1 eJY X2 3ck pvHk; ON jzpf&if? (6) X0, X1 eJY X3 3ckpvHk; ON jzpf&if? (7) X0, X2 eJY X3 3ckpvHk; ON jzpf&if? (8) X1, X2 eJU X3 3ckpvHk; ON jzpf&if? (9) X0, X1, X2 eJY X4 4ckpvHk; ON jzpf&if? qkdwJh tajctae condition ukd;rsdK;rSm Y1 = ON jzpfygw,f/
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
166
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
yHk#3 yHk#3 rSm azmfjyxm;wJh program u AND Block 2ck ukd OR vkyfxm;wmyJ jzpfygw,f/ 'gayr,fh? PLC &JU input terminal X0 eJY X1 udkomoHk;xm;wJh 2-input XOR &JUvkyfaqmifcsuf function twdkif;aqmif&GufwJh program jzpfygw,f/ 'D program udk WPLSoft rSma&;NyD; Simulator eJY prf;Munhf&if? (1) X0 = ON, jzpfNyD;? X1 = OFF jzpfcJh&if? (2) X0 = OFF, jzpfNyD;? X1 = ON jzpfcJh&if? qkdwJh condition 2rsdK;rSmom Y2 = ON jzpfygw,f/ 'gudk Exclusive OR (XOR) vkdY ac:ygw,f/ XOR &JU Truth Table eJY wGJMunhf&if em;vnf ygvdrfhr,f/ XOR function qkdwmu XOR vkyfxm;wmawGxJu 1ckxJ ON rS logic result u ON jzpfygw,f/ tck&Sif;jycJhwJh program 3ck #1, #2 eJY #3 ukd 'DvkdyHkpHeJY ajymif;a&;NyD; Munhf&atmif/
ukd IF [(X0 = ON) AND (X1 = ON)] OR [(X2 = ON) AND (X3 = ON)] THEN [(Y1 to be ON]
tu,fí [X0 a&m X1 yg ON jzpf&if] okdYr[kwf [X2 a&m X3 yg ON jzpf&if] 'gukdvkyfyg [Y2 ukd ON vkdufyg ] 'DvkdyHkpHcsNyD; a&;Munfhvkduf&if AND 2ckukd OR vkyfxm;wJht"dyÜg,f ay:vGifvmyg w,f/
ukd IF [(X0 = ON) OR (X1 = ON)] AND [(X2 = ON) OR (X3 = ON)] THEN [Y2 => ON]
tu,fí [X0eJYX12ckrSm1ckON] jzpfNyD; [X2eJYX32ckrSm1ckON] jzpfcJh&if [Y2ukdON] vkdufyg/ 'DvkdyHkpHajymif;a&;MunhfwJhtcg OR Block 2ckukd AND vkyfxm;wJhyHkpHudk jrifawGU&rSm jzpfygw,f/ “The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
167
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
ukd IF [(X0 = ON) AND (X1 = OFF)] OR [(X0 = OFF) AND (X1 = ON)] THEN [(Y2 => ON]
tu,fí X0 = ON jzpfaewJhtcgrSm X1 = OFF jzpfaeNyD; 'grSr[kwf X0 = OFF jzpfaewJhtcsdefrSm X1 = ON jzpfaecJhr,fqkd&if Y2 ukd ON vkdufyg/ 'DvkdyHkpHcs Munfhvkduf awmh AND Block 2ckukd OR vkyfxm;wm awGU&ygw,f/ 'DtxdzwfMunfhvdkYvnf;NyD;NyD? a&;xm;wJhtwkdif;vnf; vkdufvkyfMunhfNyD;NyD? 'gayr,fh em;rvnfEdkifao;bl;qdk&if Logic taMumif;ukd jyefzwfMunhfyg/ tckqufvufa&;om; azmfjyrSm awGuawmh LD program ukd a&;wwf? prf;wwfNyD; jzpfwJh olawGtwGuf &nf&G,fyg w,f/ WPLSoft eJY LD program a&;enf;? PLC eJY prf;enf;? PLC rygbJ Simulator eJY prf;enf; awGukd em;vnfatmif zwfMunhf? a&;prf;Munhf? NyD;rS a&SUqufzufzkdY wkdufwGef;ygw,f/ zwfMunhf? a&;prf;MunhfNyD;vkdYrS em;rvnfao;&if? ajz;ajz;jyefzwfNyD; pOf;pm;yg/ vufawGU vkyfMunhfyg/ taMumif;eJYtusdK;qufpyfNyD;em;vnfrS oabmaygufwJhtqifhukd a&mufvmrSm jzpfygw,f/ LD Program rSm a&;xm;wJh yHkpH Format u atmufyg twkdif; jzpfygw,f/ IF (Condition is True) THEN (Execute the Instruction)
tu,fí (azmfjyxm;wJhtajctaetwkdif;&SdcJh?jzpfcJh&if) xkdYaemuf (ñTefMum;xm;wJhtwkdi f; aqmif&Gufyg ) Program xJrSmygwJh open contact eJY closed contact yHkawGukd jrifawGU&wJhtcg ON ovm; vkdY ppfaq;ckdif;wm? eJY OFF ovm;vkdY ppfaq;ckdif;wJh instruction code awGvkdY od&rSm? em;vnf&rSm? jzpfygw,f/ 'DvkdrSr[kwfbJ contact awGtjzpfeJYom jrifodaeao;&ifawmh program ukd zwfNyD; em;vnfzkdY tvSrf;a0;aeygao;w,f/ Program qkdwm Software jzpfygw,f/ LD program xJrSm hardware jzpfwJh contact awG r&Sdygbl;/ Software jzpfwJh Instruction Code awGyJ&Sdygw,f/ tJ'D code awGukd ½kyfyHkeJY ukd,fpm;jyKNyD; azmfjyxm;wJh Open contact, Closed contact eJY Coil wk&Yd JU oauFw ½kyfyHk
awGudk xGif;azmufNyD; t"dyÜg,fudk oabmaygufatmif OmPfeJY Munhfjrif&rSm jzpfygw,f/ em;vnfw,f? oabmaygufw,f? qkdwm OmPf&JU tvkyfjzpfygw,f/ OmPfeJY Munhf rSom trSefukdodygw,f/ trSefukd odrS ynm jzpfygw,f/ Examine ON qdkwJh instruction ukd LD (Ladder Diagram) rSm ½kyfyHkeJY code vkyfygw,f/ IL (Instruction List) rSm pmeJY code vkyfyg w,f/ Examine ON ukd LD rSm open contact ½kyfyHkeJY code vkyfNyD;? IL rSm LD qkdwJh pmvHk;eJY code vkyfygw,f/ “The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
168
OD;pdk;wifh 'gukdvufawGUod&atmifvdkY LD eJY Program a&; Munhfygr,f/ topfa&;zkdY File Æ New vkyfyg/ (1) b,ftpGefrSm Cursor csNyD;? Enter acguf? (2) LD qkdwJh pmvHk; ½kdfufxnhf? (3) Space Bar 1csuf acguf? (4) X0 qkdwJh pmvHk;ukd ½kdufxnhfNyD;? (5) Enter acgufvkduf&if?
PLC
vrf; nTef
rSm
Program
WPLSoft
yHk(A) txufrSm jyxm;wJhtwkdif; open contact “X0” qkdNyD; ay:vmygvdrhfr,f/ yHk(A)rSm azmfjyxm;wJh open contact eJY X0 &JU t"dyÜg,fu Examine ON “X0” jzpfyg w,f/ X0 [m ON jzpfaeovm;vkdY ppfaq;Munhf½Ickdif;wJh ñTefMum;csuf&JU oauFw ½kyfyHk jzpfygw,f/ Open contact, Closed contact eJY Coil wkYd[m graphical symbolic code for instructions awGom jzpfMuygw,f/ Physical contact eJY physical coil awGukd ukd,fpm;jyKwJh ½kyfyHkawG r[kwfMuygbl;/ NyD;&if? Enter acguf? out qkdwJh pmvHk; ½kdfufxnhf? Space Bar 1csuf acguf? Y0 qkdwJh pmvHk;ukd ½kdufxnhfNyD;? Enter acgufvkduf&if? yHk(B) txufygtwkdif;ay:vmygw,f/ WPLSoft rSm yHk(B) u twkdif; program ukd a&;NyD;&if compile vkyfyg/
yHk(C) txufygtwkdif;ay:vmygvdrhfr,f/ Tool Bar ay:u Instruction List qkdwJh icon ukd ESdyfyg/ 'grSr[kwf Instruction List ukd ESdyfyg/
View Æ
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
169
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
yHk(D) txufygtwkdif; ay:vmygvdrhfr,f/ LD, OUT, END eJY NOP wkdY[m Opcode awG jzpfMuygw,f/ X0 eJY Y0 u Operand awG jzpfMuygw,f/ LD qkdwmu LoaD &JU mnemonic jzpfygw,f/ OUT qdkwJh mnemonic u output ukd ON ckdif;wm jzpfygw,f/ END qkdwmu a&;xm;wJh program NyD;qHk;aMumif;udk azmfjywJh instructions code jzpfyg w,f/ NOP qkdwmu vkyfp&m r&Sdawmhbl; No Operation vkdY ajymwmjzpfygw,f/ Program xJrSm ygwJh ½kyfyHkawG? pmvHk;awG[m? ñTefMum;csufoauFw instructions code awGom jzpfMuygw,f/ b,fbufjcrf;rSm 0, 1, 2, 3 vkdY axmifvkduf ay:aewmawGu program step awG jzpfMuyg w,f/ Ladder Diagram Mode rSmvnf; b,fbufjcrf;rSm axmifvkduf 0, 2, 7919 vkdY ay:aewm [m pkpkaygif;a&;zkdYusefwJh program step u 7919 jzpfNyD; tcka&;vkdufwJh program u step 2ck oHk;NyD;oGm;NyDvkdY t"dyÜg,f&ygw,f/ Ladder Diagram Mode (LD) eJY Instruction List Mode (IL) wkdYukd tjyeftvSef toggle vkyf ajymif;Munhfcsif&if Menu Bar ay:u View ukd ESdyfNyD; ajymif;MunhfvkdY &ygw,f/ Shortcut eJY ajymif;Munhfcsif&if eJY ukd wGJESdyfyg/ NyD;&if ukd ESdyfyg/ 'gqkd&if IL eJY azmfjyygvdrhfr,f/ + Æ qkd&if LD eJY azmfjyygw,f/
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
170
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
Dominant-ON, Dominant-OFF Relay control system eJY wnfaqmufxm;wJh ON/OFF circuit wpfckudk Fig. 1 rSm azmfjy xm;ygw,f/ Stop-dominant &JU Status-Time Diagram udk Fig. 2 rSm azmfjy xm;yg w,f/ +24V
P.B 1
P.B 2
Relay K1
0V
K1
Fig. 1 Electrical Circuit Diagram
K1 K1
Lamp L1
1 0
ON OFF
P.B. 2
1 0
ON OFF
K 1
1 0
ON OFF
L 1
1 0
ON
Status
P.B 1
OFF t0 t1 t2
Time
Fig. 2 Status-Time Diagram P.B1 eJY P.B2 wdkY[m momentary contact omyg&SdwJh ESdyfcvkwf pushbutton awGjzpfMu yg w,f/ P.B1 [m Normally Open (N.O) contact omyg&SdwJh pushbutton jzpfygw,f/ P.B1 udk rESdyf&if contact [m open tajctaerSm &Sdaeygw,f/ P.B1 udk ESdyfxm;wJhtckduftwefYrSm contact close jzpfoGm;ygw,f/ P.B1 udk ESdyfNyD; jyefvTwfvdkuf&if contact [m open jyefjzpf
oGm;ygw,f/ ESdyfvdkufwmudk Activate vkyfw,fvdkY ac:ygw,f/ rESdyfwmudk Non-activate vdkY ac:yg w,f/ N.O udk Non-activate Open vdkY rSwfxm;oifhygw,f/ Activate rvkyf&if Open jzpfae wJh contact qdkwJh t"dyÜg,feJY rSwfom;&rSm jzpfygw,f/ N.O udk No energy Open vdkY rSwf xm;&ifvnf; t"dyÜg,fay: vGifxif&Sm;ygw,f/ “The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
171
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
[m N.C pushbutton jzpfygw,f/ P.B2 udk rESdyfxm;&if closed contact tajctae jzpfaeygw,f/ P.B2 udk ESdyfxm;wJhtckduftwefYrSmom contact open jzpfygw,f/ ESdyfxm;wJh P.B2 ukd jyefvTwfvkduf&if contact [m close jyefjzpfoGm;ygw,f/ Pushbutton udk ESdyfwm[m pushbutton udk activate vkyfwm jzpfygw,f/ rESdyfwmudk Non-activate vdkY rSwfxm;oifhygw,f/ 'gaMumifh N.C udk Non-activate Closed vdkY rSwfxm; oifhygw,f/ N.C udk No energy Closed vdkY rSwfxm;&ifvnf; t"dyÜg,fay:vGifygw,f/ Fig. 2 rSm azmfjyxm;wJh Status-Time Diagram udk Time Chart vdkYvnf; ac:ygw,f/ tajctae status udk tcsdefeJY twl,SOfwGJ azmfjyxm;wJh yHkjzpfygw,f/ b,ftcsdefrSm b,fvdk tajctae &Sdw,fqdkwJh status udk azmfjywJh yHkjzpfvdkY Status-Time Diagram vdkY ajymvdkuf&if oabmt"dyÜg,fudk rSwfrd? od&dS? em;vnfapygw,f/ Fig. 2 Status-Time Diagram rSm 0 (zero) udk current rpD;wJhtajctae OFF state tjzpf owfrSwfxm;ygw,f/ 1 (one) udk current pD;wJhtajctae ON state tjzpf owfrSwf xm;wm jzpfygw,f/ t 0 qdkwJh tcsdefumvrSm P.B1 udkvnf; rESdyfbl;? P.B2 udkvnf; rESdyfbl;/ 'gaMumifh Relay “K1” [mvnf; de-energize jzpfygaew,f/ L1 rD;vHk;vnf; rD;rvif;ygbl;/ t 1 qdkwJhtcsdefrSm P.B1 1ck wnf;udkom ESdyfygw,f/ 'gaMumifh K1 = ON jzpfoGm;yg w,f/ t 2 tcsdefrSm P.B1 udk ESdyfxm;&mu jyefvTwfvdkufygw,f/ 'DtcgrSm Relay “K1” &JJU N.O contact “K1” [m closed jzpfaeESifhNyD; jzpfvdkY Relay “K1” [m (K1 = ON) energize qufjzpf ygw,f/ Relay “K1” &JU 'kwd, N.O contact “K1” eJY qufoG,fxm;wJh Lamp L1 vnf; ON jzpfNyD; rD;vif;ygw,f/ P.B2 udk rESdyfrcsif; Relay “K1” [m ON jzpfaeygw,f/ K1 = ON jzpfaeoa&GU Lamp L1 vnf; rD;vif;aeygw,f/ Fig. 1 circuit diagram rSm jyxm;ovdk qufoG,fwmudk self-holding circuit vdYk ac: ygw,f/ Self-latching circuit vdkYvnf; ac:ygw,f/ Sealing-in circuit vdkYvnf; ac:ygw,f/ P.B2 udk ESdyfvdkufawmhrS Relay “K1” de-energize (K1 = OFF) jzpfoGm;ygw,f/ K1 &JU contact awGvnf; open jzpfoGm;vkdY Lamp L1 rD;Nidrf;oGm;ygw,f/ Fig. 1 rSm P.B1 eJY P.B2 2ck &SdwJh txJu P.B2 [m tc&m dominant jzpfaeygw,f/ P.B2 udk ESdyfxm;wHk;rSm P.B1 udk ESdyfayrJh Relay “K1” [m energize rjzpfEdkifygbl;/ 'grsdK;udk OFF-dominant vdkYac:ygw,f/ P.B1 udk Start P.B tjzpf toHk;jyKxm;NyD; P.B2 udk Stop P.B tjzpf toHk;jyKxm;vdkY stopdominant vdkY vnf; ac:ygw,f/ P.B2
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
172
OD;pdk;wifh qdk&if
PLC
Fig. 1 rSm Relay P.B1, P.B2 eJY L1
eJY vkyfaqmifcJhwJhtvkyf function udkyJ PLC eJY vkyfaqmif apr,f wdkYudk atmufrSmazmfjyxm;wJh Fig. 3 twdkif; qufoG,f&ygw,f/
P.B 1
Lamp L1 X0
Y0
P.B 2
24V
Delta PLC: X1
24V + −
vrf; nTef
COM 0
S/S
+ −
DVP14SS2-11R
Input Terminal
Output Terminal
Fig. 3 PLC I/O devices connection diagram
rSmyg&SdwJh X0, X1, S/S qdkwmawGu PLC &JU Input terminal awG jzpfMuygw,f/ X0 rSm P.B1 N.O Pushbutton udk qufoG,fxm;ygw,f/ X1 rSm P.B2 N.C Pushbutton ukd qufoG,fxm;ygw,f/ S/S [m input twGuf common terminal jzpfNyD; sink or source tjzpf qufoG,f Edkifygw,f/ Fig. 3 rSm S/S udk -24V eJY qufoG,fxm;wJhtwGuf sink input tjzpf qufoG,f xm;wm jzpfygw,f/ Y0 eJY COM 0 uawmh PLC &JU output terminal awG jzpfMuygw,f/ Y0 rSm Lamp L1 ukd qufoG,fxm;NyD; COM 0 rSm -24V eJY qufoG,f xm;wJhtwGuf sink output qufoG,fenf;eJY qufoG,fxm;wmjzpfygw,f/ PLC &JU type u DVP-14SS2-11R jzpfvdkY PLC twGuf power supply udk 24Vdc ay;&NyD; output u relay output trsdK;tpm;jzpfygw,f/ Fig. 3
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
173
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
OFF-dominant Program Start/Stop program ukd Stop dominant jzpfatmif LD eJY
a&;jyygr,f/ Fig. 2 Status-Time Diagram rSm azmfjyxm;wJh function udk MunfhNyD; LD eJY program pa&;wJhenf; tqifhqifhudk awG;enf;a&m a&;enf;udkyg atmufrSm azmfjyxm;ygw,f/ P.B1 udk ESdyfvdkuf&if L1 = ON jzpfatmifvdkY atmufygtwdkif; p a&;ygw,f/ X0
(Y0)
t"dyÜg,fu X0 = ON jzpfrS Y0 udk ON vkdufyg vdkY nTefMum;csuf instruction ay;wm jzpfygw,f/ 'Dtwdkif;yJa&;xm;cJh&if P.B1 udk ESdyfwJhtcsdefrSmom X0 = ON jzpfNyD;? ESdyfxm;wJh P.B1 udk jyefvTwfvdkufwJhtcg? X0 = OFF jyefjzpfoGm;wJhtwGuf Y0 vnf; OFF jzpf oGm;yg w,f/ X0 = ON jzpfaewJh tcsdefrSmom Y0 = ON jzpfygw,f/ X0 = OFF jzpfoGm;&if Y0 vnf; OFF jzpfoGm;ygw,f/ wu,fjzpfcsifwmu P.B1 udk ESdyfNyD;jyefvTwfvdkuf&if Y0 = ON jzpfusefcJh apcsifwm jzpfygw,f/ 'Dawmh self-hold jzpfatmif (latched jzpfatmif) program udk atmufyg yHktwdkif; jyifa&;vdkufygw,f/ X0
( ) Y0
Y0
t"dyÜg,fu X0 eJY Y0 2ck xJu 1ck ON jzpf&if Y0 udk ON vdkufyg vdkY nTefMum;csuf instruction ay;xm;wm jzpfygw,f/ Boolean equation eJY a&;r,fqdk&if Y0 = (X0) OR (Y0) jzpfygw,f/ IF.... THEN yHkpHeJY azmfjy&&if IF [(X0 = ON)] OR [(Y0 = ON)] THEN [(Y0 Æ ON)]
jzpfygw,f/
P.B1 udk ESdyfMunfhyg/ X0 = ON jzpfvdkY Y0 = ON jzpfoGm;ygw,f/ P.B1 udk ESdyfNyD; jyefvTwfvdkufwJhtcgrSm X0 = OFF jzpfoGm;ayrJh tJ'DtcsdefrSm Y0 [m ON jzpfNyD;om;rdkYvdkY Y0 [m qufNyD; ON jzpfaeygw,f/ Program udk 'Dtwdkif;om a&;xm;cJhr,fqdk&if Y0 [m ON jzpfNyD;&if PLC udk RUN xm;oa&GU ON qufjzpfaeygvdrfh
r,f/ b,fawmhrS OFF jyefrjzpfawmhygbl;/ om Y0 [m OFF jzpfoGm;ygvdrfhr,f/
PLC
udk
RUN
uae
STOP
udk ajymif;vdkufrS
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
174
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
Start/Stop circuit t& trSefwu,f jzpfcsifwmu P.B1 udk ESdyf&if Y0 [m ON jzpfoGm;NyD; P.B2 udk EdSyfawmhrS Y0 [m OFF jyefjzpf&rSm jzpfygw,f/ tJ'DvdkjzpfatmifvdkY program udk atmufygtwdkif; jyifa&;vdkufygw,f/ X0
X1
( Y ) 0
Y0
t"dyÜg,fu X 0 eJY Y 0 udk OR vkyfvdkY&wJh logic result eJY X 1 udk AND vkyfvdkufyg/ &&SdvmwJh logic result u True jzpf&if Y0 udk ON vdkufygvdkY cdkif;xm; X0 qdkwmu X0 [m ON jzpfaeovm; wm (instruction ay;xm;wm) jzpfygw,f/ vdkY ppfaq;ckdif;wmjzpfvdkYrdkY X0 = ON jzpf&if True ([kwfw,f)? X0 = OFF jzpf&if False (r[kwfbl;) vdkY owfrSwfygw,f/ X1 rSm qufoG,fxm;wJh P.B2 [m N.C type jzpfvdkY P.B2 udk rESdyfoa&GU X1 [m ON jzpfaeygw,f/ 'gaMumifh X 1 vdkY a&;xm;wm jzpfygw,f/ P.B2 udk ESdyfvdkufawmhrS X1 [m OFF jzpfoGm;NyD;? logic result uvnf; False jzpfoGm; ( Y ) ygw,f/ Output ON “Y0” vdkY t"dyÜg,f&wJh 0 oauFweJY instruction code [m olUa&SUrSm &SdwJh conditional instruction awG tm;vHk;&JU logic result u True jzpfrS output udk ON vkyfay;ygw,f/ 'gjzpfrS 'gudk vkyfvdkY cdkif;xm;wm jzpfw,fvdkY em;vnf&ygr,f/ 'D program &JU vkyfaqmifyHkudk tao;pdyfazmfjy&r,fqdk&if P.B1 udk ESdyfvdkufwJhtcg X0 = ON jzpfNyD;? Y0 = OFF jzpfaewJhtwGuf X0
result
u True, u True jzpfygw,f/
Y0
u
False,
jzpfvdkY
True
eYJ
False
udk
OR
vkyf&if &wJh
X1
ukdrESdyfao;oa&GU X1 = ON jzpfaeygw,f/ 'gaMumifh [m True jzpfygw,f/ X 0 eJY Y 0 udk OR vkyfvdkY&wJh True eJY X 1 u &wJh True udk AND vkyfvdkufawmh result u True jzpfygw,f/ 'DtcgrSm ( Y ) 0 &JU a&SUrSm&SdwJh input condition awG&JU result u True jzpfwJhtwGuf Y0 = ON jzpfygw,f/ P.B2
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
175
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
xl;jcm;wmu P.B2 udk ESdyfxm;vdkY Y0 u OFF jzpfaewJhtcsdefrSm P.B1 udk ESdyfayrJY vnf; Y0 u ON rjzpfwmudk awGU&ygw,f/ 'gaMumifh 'D program udk OFF-dominant vdkY ac:yg w,f/ Fail-safe start/stop PLC program jzpfygw,f/ ON/OFF &,f? True/False &,f? Examine ON ^ Examine OFF &,f? wdkYudk olUt"dyÜg,feJYol cGJjcm;NyD;odxm;&ygr,f/ b,fvkdqufpyfrI&Sdw,f qkdwmukdvnf; aumif; aumif;em;vnf xm;&ygr,f/ Signal &Sdwm^r&Sdwmukd ON/OFF vdkY oHk;ygw,f/ nTefMum;cdkif;apxm;wJhtwdkif; jzpfwm^rjzpfwmudk True/False vdkY oHk;ygw,f/ ON/OFF udk hardware ydkif;&JU tajctaeudk azmfjywJhtcgrSm oHk;NyD;? True/False udk Software ydkif;&JU tajctae logical condition udk azmfjywJhtcgrSmoHk;ygw,f/ 2xyf&SdrS rSwfrdwwfwJh olawGtwGuf xyfajym&&if Examine ON qdkwJh 'DoauFw [m ON jzpfaeovm;vdkY ppfaq;cdkif;wmjzpfygw,f/ ON jzpfaewmudkawGU&if True (rSefw,f) [kwfw,fvdkY qHk;jzwfygw,f/ True vdkY logic result xkwfygw,f/ r ON bJ OFF jzpfaewmudkawGU&if False (rSm;w,f) r[kwfbl; vdkY qHk;jzwfygw,f/ tJ'DqHk;jzwfcsufudk logic result vdkY ac:ygw,f/ 'gaMumifh X 1 [m X1 = ON jzpf&if logic result u True jzpfw,fvdkY ajymwmjzpfygw,f/ PLC program [m software jzpfygw,f/ Pushbutton awGu hardware jzpfygw,f/ P.B1 [m N.O (Non-activate Open) jzpfNyD; X0 rSmqufoG,f xm;vdkY P.B1 udk ESdyfrS X0 = ON jzpfygw,f/ P.B2 [m N.C (Non-activate Closed) jzpfNyD; X1 rSm qufoG,fxm;vdkY P.B2 udk ESdyfrS X1 = OFF jzpfygw,f/ X0 P.B1 udk ESdyfrS Y0 udk ON jzpfapcsifwmrdkYvdkY vdkY a&;&wmjzpfygw,f/ Terminal Y0 rSm Lamp L1 udkqufoG,fxm;vdkY ( Y ) 0 udk oHk;NyD; Y0 udk ON vdkufygvdkY a&;&wmjzpfygw,f/ P.B2 udk ESdyfrS Y0 udk OFF jzpfapcsifwmrdkYvdkY (P.B2 udk rESdyf&if X1 [m ON jzpfae wJhtwGuf) P.B2 udk rESdyfoa&GU Y0 ukd ON jzpfaeatmifvdkY X 1 vdkY a&;&wm jzpfyg w,f/ txl;owdjyK&rSmu hardware jzpfwJh pushbutton &JUobm0 N.O eJY N.C udk electric circuit diagram rSm eJY tjzpf oauFwjyK a&;om;azmfjyMuygw,f/ Software jzpfwJh LD eJY a&;wJh PLC program rSm contact &JUoauFw eJY udk ON jzpfaeovm;^OFF jzpfaeovm;vdkY ppfaq;Munfhcdkif;wJh instruction code tjzpf toHk;jyKxm;wm jzpfygw,f/ Software xJrSm contact awGr&Sdbl;? r&SdEdkifbl;qdkwmudk owd&yg/ “The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
176
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
Software jzpfwJh LD eJY a&;wJh program xJrSm oufqdkif&m symbolic instruction code eJY awG[m program awGudkudk,fpm;jyKwJh machine code awGyJ&Sdygw,f/ a&;wJhvl programmer twGuf rSwfom;&vG,fatmif oauFwjyKxm;wm jzpfygw,f/ PLC u 'DoauFwawGudk em;rvnfygbl;/ 'gaMumifh LD eJY program a&;NyD;wJhtcgwdkif; PLC em;vnfwJh machine code udk ajymif;ay;&ygw,f/ tJ'Dvdkajymif;ay;wmudk compile vkyfw,fvdkY ac:ygw,f/ Convert vkyfw,fvdkYvnf; ac:ygw,f/ Programming software u ajymif;ay;wm jzpfygw,f/ LD eJY program a&;NyD;wJhtcgwdkif; PLC u em;vnfvufcHEdkifwJh machine code tjzpf ajymif;NyD;awmhrS PLC xJudk download (write to PLC) vkyf&ygw,f/ Version jrifhwJh programming software awGu LD program udk compile rvkyfbJ PLC xJ download vkyfwmudk vufcHaqmif&Gufay;ygw,f/ tJ'D software u machine code udk t&if ajymif;NyD;rS write to PLC vkyfay;oGm;wm jzpfygw,f/ tck a&;om;azmfjycJhwJh &Sif;vif;csufawGudk zwfMunfhNyD;? pOf;pm;MunfhNyD;? hardware eJY software b,fvdkqufpyfNyD;? tvkyfvkyfovJqdkwmudk taMumif; eJY tusdK;? qifjcif odjrif
EdkifMur,fvdkY xifygw,f/ Fig. 1 rSm azmfjyxm;wJh electric circuit diagram u Stop dominant circuit jzpfyg w,f/ Start dominant tjzpfqufoG,fxm;wJh electric circuit diagram udk atmufrSm Fig. 4 rSmazmfjyxm;ygw,f/ +24V
0V P.B 1
Relay K1 P.B 2
K1 K1
K1
Lamp L1
Fig. 4 ON-dominant Circuit Diagram Status-Time Diagram
udk
Fig. 5
rSm azmfjyxm;ygw,f/
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
177
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC 1 0
ON OFF
P.B. 2
1 0
ON OFF
K 1
1 0
ON OFF
L 1
1 0
ON
Status
P.B 1
vrf; nTef
OFF t0 t1 t2 Time t3 t4
Fig. 5 Status-Time Diagram Fig. 2 eJY Fig. 5 Status-Time Diagram 2ck udk EdIif;,SOfMunfh&if vkyfaqmifcsuf function u twlwlyJ jzpfwmudk awGU&ygw,f/ Fig. 1 eJY Fig. 4 electric circuit diagram 2ck udk EdIif;,SOfMunfh&if Fig. 4 &JU xl;jcm;csuf (uGmjcm;csuf) u P.B1 udk ESdyfxm;wJh tcsdefrSm P.B2 udk ESdyfayrJhvnf; Relay “K1” [m OFF rjzpfygbl;/ Fig. 4 rSm P.B1 eJY P.B2 2ck &SdwJhtxJu ON button “P.B1” u tc&mjzpfaeygw,f/ 'gaMumifh ON-dominant jzpfygw,f/ Start/Stop circuit jzpfvdkY start-dominant vdkYvnf;
ac:ygw,f/ ON-dominant Program
tJ'D
ON-dominant function &&Sdatmif program a&;NyD; PLC udk cdkif;apr,fqdk&if P.B1, P.B2 eJY Lamp L1 wdkUudk atmufrSm jyxm;wJh twdkif; PLC eYJ qufoG,f &ygw,f/ P.B 1
Lamp L1 Y0
X0 P.B 2
Delta PLC: COM 0
X1 24V + −
24V
S/S
+ −
DVP14SS2-11R
Input Terminal
Output Terminal
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
178
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
ON-dominant
jzpfapwJh
start/stop program
vrf; nTef
udkawmh atmufrSm azmfjyxm;wJhtwdkif;
a&;&ygw,f/ X0 Y0
Y0
( ) Y0 X1
X1
X0
eYJ udk AND vkyfNyD;&wJh result udk eJY xyfNyD; OR vkyfxm;wmjzpfygw,f/ X0 = ON jzpfwJhtcg X 0 [m True jzpfNyD; OR &JU oabmobm0t& Y0 eJY X1 wdkY&JU tajctae[m b,fvdkyJjzpfaeygap? xnfhoGif;pOf;pm; p&mrvdkawmhwJh don’t care jzpfwJh twGuf Y0 [m ON jzpfygw,f/ X0 = OFF
jzpfoGm;wJhtcgrSmawmh
Y0
a&m
X1
yg? 2ckpvHk;
ON
jzpfaerS
Y0 = ON
jzpfygw,f/ w,f/
P.B1 a&m P.B2 udkyg rESdyfbJxm;&if? X0 u OFF P.B1 u N.O jzpfNyD;? P.B2 u N.C jzpfygw,f/
jzpfNyD;?
X1
u
ON
jzpfaeyg
P.B1 udk ESdyf&if X0 = ON jzpfNyD;? jyefvTwfvdkuf&if? X0 = OFF jyefjzpfoGm;ygw,f/ 'DtcgrSm Y0 = ON jzpfusefcJhygw,f/ P.B2 udk ESdyf&if X1 = OFF jzpfNyD;? jyefvTwfvdkuf&if X1 = ON jyefjzpfoGm;ygw,f/ 'DtcgrSm Y0 = OFF jzpfoGm;ygw,f/
'gu Start/Stop function udk yHkrSeftwdkif; vkyfaqmifaMumif;udk azmfjyygw,f/ xl;jcm;wmu P.B1 udk ESdyfxm;vdkU Y0 uvnf; ON jzpfaewJhtcsdefrSm P.B2 udk ESdyfayrJYvnf; Y0 u OFF rjzpfwmudk awGU&ygw,f/ 'gaMumifh 'D program udk ON-dominant vdkY ac:ygw,f/ Program &JU oabmobm0? Instruction code awG&JU oabmobm0? Boolean Logic awGjzpfMuwJh AND eJY OR &JU oabmobm0? awGudk &Sif;&Sif;vif;vif;odapzdkY &nf&G,fNyD; ON-dominant udk LD eJY program a&;jywmjzpfygw,f/ vufawGUtm;jzifh industrial control system awG[m fail-safe jzpfatmif wnfaqmuf Mu&wmjzpfvdkY Start/Stop program udk OFF-dominant tjzpfom toHk;jyKMuygw,f/ &yfcsifwJhtcsdef? &yfvdkY&rSom ab;uif;w,f? safe jzpfw,fvdkY owfrSwfxm;Muygw,f/
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
179
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
tcef; (12) Scan Cycle taMumif;/ 'Dtcef;ukd zwf&IavhvmNyD;oGm;wJhtcg? atmufygtaMumif;t&mawGukd aumif;pGm em;vnf oabmayguf oGm;ygvdrfhr,f/ 1/ PLC ukd RUN vkdufawmhrS Input Scan, Program Scan, Output Scan tvkyfawGukd tpOftwkdif;? xyfcg? xyfcg? r&yfrem;? qufwkdufvkyfaqmifygw,f/ 2/ Input Scan tvkyfukd vkyfaqmifaewJhtcsdefrSm PLC &JU Input terminal awGrSm signal &Sd? r&Sd? ukd zwf&INyD; Input Memory rSm rSwfom;xm;ygw,f/ 3/ Program Scan tvkyfukd vkyfaecsdefrSm User Program xJu ñTefMum;csuftwkdif; aqmif&GufNyD; &&SdvmwJh Result awGukd oufqkdif&m Memory awGrSm rSwfom;xm;ygw,f/ 4/ Output Scan tcsdefa&mufawmhrS Output Memory rSm rSwfom;xm; wJhtwkdif; PLC &JU output terminal awGukd signal xkwfay;ygw,f/ 5/ PLC ukd STOP vkyfxm;&if User Program ukd execute rvkyfygbl;/ Input Scan vnf; rvkyfygbl;/ Output Scan vnf; rvkyfygbl;/ 6/ PLC ukd STOP vkyfxm;wJhtcsdefrSm PLC &JU Output terminal awG tm;vHk; OFF jzpfaeygw,f/ 7/ PLC [m t&ifckdif;wmukd? t&ifvkyfygw,f/ aemufrS ckdif;wmukd? aemufrS vkyfyg w,f/
Input Scan
( Y ) 0
Y0 [ END ]
Program
Program Scan
Output Terminals
X1
OUTPUT INTERFACE
X0
OUTPUT IMAGE MEMORY
INPUT IMAGE MEMORY
INPUT INTERFACE
Input Terminals
PLC Scan Process
Output Scan
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
180
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
yHkrSm azmfjyxm;wmu PLC ukd RUN vkdufwJhtcg pwiftvkyfvkyfyHk jzpfygw,f/
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
181
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
[m pufrIvkyfief;oHk; Computer wpfrsdK;jzpfygw,f/ PLC ukd Power Supply ay;xm;½HkeJY tvkyf rvkyfygbl;/ PLC ukd RUN xm;&ygw,f/ PLC udk STOP vkyfxm;&if 'grSr[kwf Program mode rSmxm;&if PLC [m bmrSrvkyfygbl;/ RUN rD;vHk;Nidrf;aewJhtajctae? STOP mode rSm PLC &JU output tm;vHk;[m OFF jzpfaeygw,f/ RUN rD;vHk;vif;wJhtajctae? RUN mode ukd ajymif;vkdufawmhrS tvkyf 3 rsdK;ukd wpfrsdK;NyD;wpfrsdK; tpOftwkdif; vkyfygw,f/ PLC ukd RUN xm;oa&GU tJ'Dtvkyf 3 ckukd xyfjyefwvJvJ? wpfausmhNyD;wpfausmh qufwkdufvkyfaeygw,f/ PLC
PLC ukd RUN vkduf&if
vkyfwJh tvkyf 3 rsdK;uawmh (1) Input Scan tvkyf (2) Program Scan tvkyfeJY (3) Output Scan tvkyfwkdY jzpfygw,f/ wpfckNyD;rS aemufwpfckukd ajymif;Ny;D tvSnhfus? vkyfaqmifMuwm jzpfygw,f/ tvSnhf ausmfNyD; rvkyfygbl;/ (1) Input Scan tvkyfukd vkyfNyD;rS (2) Program Scan tvkyfukd vkyfygw,f/ (2) Program Scan tvkyfukd vkyfNyD;awmhrS (3) Output Scan tvkyfukd vkyfygw,f/ (3) Output Scan tvkyfukd vkyfNyD;oGm;&if aemufwausmh (1) Input Scan tvkyfu jyefp vkyfygw,f/ tJ'Dvkd ywfcsmvnfvkyfwmukd Scan Cycle vkdY ac:ygw,f/ 1-scan cycle wpfausmh MumwJh tcsdefukd Scan time vkdY ac:ygw,f/ Input Scan vkyfaewJh tcsdef&,f? Program Scan vkyfaewJh tcsdef&,f? Output Scan vkyfaewJh tcsdef&,f? pkpkaygif; MumwJhtcsdef? udk 1-scan time vkdY ac:wmjzpfygw,f/ User Program xJrSm toHk;jyKxm;wJh Instruction awG&JUtrsdK;tpm; type eJY ta&twGuf ay: rlwnfNyD; 1-scan time &JU MumjrifhwJh tcsdefumv[mvnf; tajymif;tvJ&Sdygw,f/ yHkrSeftm;jzifh 1ms uae 100ms avmuf txdMumwwfygw,f/ Input Scan
&JUtvkyfuawmh PLC &JU Input Terminal awGrSm signal &Sd? r&Sd? ukd ppfaq; ygw,f/ ppfaq;vkdY awGU&SdwJhtwkdif; Input Image Memory rSm a&;rSwfygw,f/ tJ'gukd Input Memory udk update vkyfw,fvkdYvnf; ac:ygw,f/ PLC &JU Input terminal tm;vHk;ukd ppfaq; a&;rSwfvkdY NyD;oGm;&if Input Scan &JUtvkyf NyD;qHk;ygw,f/ Input Scan
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
182
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
Program Scan Input Scan &JUtvkyfNyD;&if Program Scan &JUtvkyfukd pwifvkyfygw,f/ Program Scan &JUtvkyfu User Program vkdY ac:wJh LD program xJrSmygwJh ñTefMum;csufawGeJY ukdufnDrI &Sd? r&Sd? wkdufqkdifppfaq;rIvkyfNyD; Logic Result tajzxkwfygw,f/ Program Execute vkyf w,fvkdY ac:ygw,f/ &&SdvmwJh logic result awGukd oufqkdif&m Memory rSm a&;rSwf yg
w,f/ ukd execute vkyfwmu jrefrmpm? t*Fvdyfpm? awGudk zwfovkdrsdK; Scan vkyfoGm;wm jzpfygw,f/ tay:qHk; b,ftpGefu instruction code ukd pNyD; execute vkyf ygw,f/ NyD;&if nmbufukdwkd;NyD; execute qufvkyfoGm;ygw,f/ tay:pmaMumif; NyD;qHk;&if atmufpmaMumif;rSm&SdwJh b,ftpGefu instruction code ukd pNyD; execute vkyfygw,f/ NyD;&if nmbufu instruction code ukd execute qufvkyfygw,f/ nmtpGefu instruction code udk execute vkyfNyD;wkdif;? oufqkdif&m memory rSm a&;rSwfNyD;awmhrS atmufpmaMumif; ukd qif;NyD; execute qufvkyfoGm;wmjzpfygw,f/ LD eJY a&;wJh program wkdif;&JU atmufqHk; pmaMumif;rSm END qkdwJh instruction code yg&Sd&ygw,f/ tJ'D END qkdwJh instruction code udk a&mufwJhtcgrSm Program Scan &JU tvkyfNyD;qHk; oGm;ygw,f/ Program
Output Scan Program Scan NyD;&if (3) jzpfwJh Output Scan &JU tvkyfukd vkyfygw,f/ Output Scan &JU tvkyfu Output Image Memory (Output Image Table) rSma&;rSwfxm;wJhtwkdif; PLC &JU output terminal awGukd ON oifhwmukd ON vkyfay;NyD;? OFF oifhwmukd OFF vkyfay; ygw,f/ 'Dvkdvkyfwmudk Output Update vkyfw,fvkdY ac:ygw,f/ PLC tvkyfvkyfyHk Scan cycle ukd twdkcsKyfNyD; azmfjy&&if (1) Input Scan [m input memory ukd update vkyfygw,f/ (2) Program Scan [m program ukd execute vkyfNyD; output memory udk update
vkyfygw,f/ (3) Output Scan [m output terminal udk update vkyfygw,f/ 'Dae&mrSm oHk;xm;wJh execute vkyfw,fqkdwmu program xJrSm ñTefMum;xm;wJh control logic awGtwkdif; aqmif&Gufwmjzpfygw,f/ PLC tvkyfvkyfyHk Scan cycle ukd aemufwpfrsdK; ajym&&if (1) Input Scan qkdwm Reading the physical inputs jzpfygw,f/ (2) Program Scan qkdwm Executing the control logic in the program jzpfygw,f/ (3) Output Scan qkdwm Writing to the physical outputs jzpfygw,f/ “The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
183
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
Scan Cycle udk
vrf; nTef
aoaocsmcsmem;vnfzkdY atmufyg LD program ukd a&;NyD; wqifhcsif;
&Sif;jyygr,f/ #1
X0 X0
#2
Y1
) ( Y 0 ( Y ) 1
yHk (u) yHk(u) rSmazmfjyxm;whJtwkdif; Munfhyg/
Simulator eJY
prf;MunhfzkdYtwGuf
LD program
ukda&;yg/ atmufrSm azmfjyxm;whJ yHkukd
Simulator udk ON yg/
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
184
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
atmufrSm azmfjyxm;whJ yHkukd Munfhyg/
NyD;&if Write to PLC vkyfyg/ atmufrSm azmfjyxm;whJyHkukd Munfhyg/
NyD;&if Online Mode vkyfyg?
atmufrSm azmfjyxm;whJyHkukd Munfhyg/
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
185
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
NyD;&if PLC ukd
vrf; nTef
RUN yg/
yHkawGukd Munhfyg/ ay: Cursor wif? Right Click ESdyfNyD; Set On vkyfyg/ rsufjrifrSmawmh computer screen ay:rSm Y1 wckxJ ON jzpfaewmukd awGU&ygvdrfhr,f/ 'Dawmh Y0 u vHk;0 r ON cJh bl;vm;/ trSefu Y0 = ON jzpfcJhygw,f/ Y0 [m 1-scan time Mumatmif ON jzpfcJhygw,f/ 'gukd rsufped JYrjrif vkduf&ygbl;/ X0
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
186
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
Y0 = ON
trSefwu,f jzpfcJhw,fqkdwmukd oufaojyEkdifwJh
program
vrf; nTef
ukd yHk(c) rSm
azmfjyxm;ygw,f/ #1 #2
Y1
X0 X0
( Y ) 0 ( Y ) 1
X1
Y0 #3
( Y ) 2
Y2
yHk(c) twkdif; LD program ukda&;NyD; Simulator udk ON yg/ Write to PLC vkyfyg/ WPLSoft &JU Tool Bar ay:u Online Mode ukd ESdyfyg/ Computer Screen &JUatmufajc rSm&SdwJh Task Bar ukd Munhfyg/ STOP qkdwJh teDa&mif pm ay:ae&if eJY ukd waygif; wnf; ESdyfNyD; Virtual PLC ukd RUN vkdufyg/
yHk (c) X0 ay: Cursor wif? Right Click ESy d fNyD;? Set On vkyfyg/ Y0 = ON jzpfwmudk rjrif vkduf&yJ Y1 eJY Y2 wkdY ON jzpfoGm;Muwmukd awGUjrif&ygvdrfhr,f/ Y1 = ON jzpfwmuawmh X0 = ON jzpfaevkdY jzpfygw,f/ Y2 = ON jzpfwmuawmh X1 u wcsdefvHk; OFF jzpfaeNyD;? Y0 u ON 1cg jzpfcJhvkdY jzpfygw,f/ X0 = ON jzpfNyD;vQifNyD;csif;? yxrqHk; 1st Scan rSm #1
X0
Y1
( Y ) 0 ukd
Munhf&if X0 [m
ON
jzpfNyD;
Y1
[m
OFF
jzpfae wHk;
rkdYvkdY Y0 [m ON jzpfoGm;ygw,f/ X0 1st Scan rSmyJ #2 ( Y ) 1 udk Munhf&if X0 [m ON jzpfvkdY Y1 vnf; ON jzpfoGm; ygw,f/ #1 ukd execute vkyfaewHk;u (#1 ukd execute vkyfaewJhtcsdefrSm) #2 ukd execute rvkyf& ao;ygbl;/ #1 ukd t&ifvkyfNyD;awmhrS #2 ukd p vkyfrSm jzpfygw,f/ 'gaMumifh #1 ukd execute Y1 Y1 vkyfwJhtcg ukd ppfMunhfawmh Y1 u OFF jzpf aewmukd awGUvkdY uTrue X0 jzpfygw,f/ X0 uvnf; ON jzpfaevkdY [mvnf; True jzpfygw,f/ 'gaMumifh #1 rSm True eJY True udk AND vkyfvkdufawmh logic result u True jzpfvkdY Y0 = ON jzpfoGm;ygw,f/ X0 = ON jzpfNyD; vsif? NyD;csif; 1st Scan rSmyJ Y0 [m ON jzpfoGm;ygw,f/ “The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
187
OD;pdk;wifh Y0 #3 Y2
PLC X1
( ) Y2
vrf; nTef
ukd Munhf&if #1 eJY #2 wkdYukd tpOftwkdif; execute vkyfNyD;rS #3 ukd execute vkyfwJhtcsdefrSm Y0 [m ON jzpfaeNyD; om;? jzpfvkdYrkdY Y 0 [m True jzpfyg w,f/ Y2
[m OFF jzpfaeqJrkdY [m False jzpfygw,f/ Y2 tJ'D Y 0 True eJY False udk OR vkyfvkdufwJhtcg logic result u True jzpfygw,f/ &vmwJh logic result ukd temporary memory rSm cPrSwfxm;ygw,f/ NyD;awmhrS X 1 ukd execute vkyfygw,f/ X1 [m True jzpfygw,f/ X1 [m tNrJwrf; OFF jzpfaeygw,f/ 'gaMumifh 'D True eJY apmapmu temporary memory rSmrSwfxm;wJh OR Block &JU logic result u True wkdYukd AND xyfvkyfvkdufawmh logic result u True &ygw,f/ 'gaMumifh Y2 ukd ON vkdufygw,f/ Y2 Y0 # 3 udk execute vkyfwJhtcgrSm eJY ukdt&ifqHk; OR vkyfygw,f/ 'D X1 OR Block &JU logic result eJY udk xyfNyD; AND vkyfygw,f/ Final logic result u True jzpfrS Y2 ukd ON vkyfay;wmjzpfygw,f/ X0 = ON jzpfNyD;vsif? NyD;csif; 1st Scan rwkdifcifu? X0 [m OFF jzpfaevkdYrkdY Y0, Y1 eJY Y2 wkdYyg OFF jzpfaecJhMuygw,f/ X0 = ON jzpfNyD;vsif? NyD;csif; 1st Scan rSm Y0 = ON, Y1 = ON eJY Y2 = ON jzpfoGm; Muygw,f/ Y1 X0 ( ) 1st Scan NyD;vdkY 2nd Scan a&mufawmh #1 Y 0 udk Munhf&if X0 u True jzpfNyD; 1st Scan rSmwHk;u Y1 = ON jzpfcJhwm rkdYvkdY Y 1 u False jzpfygw,f/ 'D X 0 True eJY Y 1 False udk AND vkyfvkdufwJhtcg logic result u False jzpfNyD; Y0 [m OFF jzpfoGm;ygw,f/ Y0 [m 1st Scan rSm ON jzpfNyD;? tck 2nd Scan rSm OFF jyefjzpfoGm;ygw,f/ X0 2nd Scan rSm #2 ( Y ) 1 ukd Munhf&if X0 = ON jzpfaevkdY X0 [m True jzpfNyD; Y1 vnf; ON qufjzpf aeygw,f/ Y2
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
188
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
Y0
vrf; nTef
X1 ( Y 2 )
#3
Y0
ukd Munhf&if u ( Y0 = OFF ) jzpfae Y2 vkdY False jzpfNyD; Y 2 u ( Y0 = ON ) jzpfae vkdY True jzpfygw,f/ 'D False eJY True ukd OR vkyfvkdY &wJh logic result u True jzpfygw,f/ #3
X1
u (X1= OFF) jzpfaevkdY True eJY apmapmu OR Block &JU logic result True wkdYukd AND xyfvkyfwJhtcg logic result u True &NyD; Y2 qufNyD; ON jzpfygw,f/ twkdcsKyfNyD; ajym&&if 1st Scan rSm Y2 = ON jzpf&wmu Y0 = ON jzpfaevkdY jzpfygw,f/ 2nd Scan rSm Y2 = ON qufjzpf&wmu Y2 [m 1st Scan rSm ON jzpfcJhvkdY jzpfygw,f/ tJ'gukd self hold, self-latched, sealed-in vkyfw,fvkdY ajymMuygw,f/ 3rd Scan
#1
X0
Y1
udkMunhf&if X0 = ON eJY Y1 = ON Y1 jzpfaevkdY X 0 u True jzpfNyD; u False wdkYjzpfMuygw,f/ 'DESpfckudk AND vkyfvkdY&wJh logic result u False jzpfvkdY Y0 [m 3rd Scan rSm OFF qufjzpfygw,f/ tJ'Dawmh Y0 = ON jzpfwJhtcsdefumv[m X0 = ON p jzpfcgp 1st Scan tcsdefwdk uav;om Mumjrifhygw,f/ 1-scan time yJ oufwrf;&SnfwJh ON jzpfygw,f/ 'gudk 1-scan pulse output vkdY ac:ygw,f/ #1
rSm
( ) Y0
a&;NyD;rS #2 udk tpOftwkdif; #1 #2
X0
Y1
X0 Y0
( ) Y0 ( ) Y1
X1
#3
( ) Y2
Y2
tckvkd a&;rS
Y0
[m
1-scan time
Mumatmif ON jzpfygw,f/
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
189
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
ukd t&ifa&;NyD;? #1 ukd olYatmufrSm
#2
X0
( ) Y1
#2 X0
Y1 ( ) Y0
#1 Y0
yHk (*)
vrf; nTef
X1 ( ) Y2
#3 Y2
tckvkd a&;cJh&if? #1 rSm Y0 [mb,fawmhrS ON rjzpfawmh ygbl;/ Y0 is never ON jzpfygw,f/ #3 rSm Y0 is never ON jzpfvkdU Y2 [mvnf; b,fawmhrS ON rjzpfawmhygbl;/ 'gukdvufawGUprf;MunfhzkdY yHk(*) rSm jyxm;ovkd LD program ukd a&;yg/ Simulator ukd ON NyD; Write to PLC vkyfyg/ NyD;&if? txufrSm azmfjycJhwJhtwkdif;? wpfausmhjyefNyD; prf;Munhf yg/ X0 udk ON &ifyJjzpfjzpf? OFF &ifyJjzpfjzpf? Y0 [m b,fawmhrS ON rjzpfEkdifawmhygbl;/ taMumif;uawmh X0 ukd ON vkyfNyD;p 1st Scan rSm #2 ukd pNyD; execute vkyfygw,f/ NyD;rS #1 udk execute vkyfygw,f/ #1 udk execute vkyfwJh tcsdefrSm Y1 u ON jzpfNyD;om; &Sdaeygw,f/ #2 ukd t&if execute vkyfwmrkdYvkdY Y1 u ON NyD;om; jzpfaewm jzpfygw,f/ Y1 = ON jzpfae wm awGUvkdY Y 1 u False jzpfygw,f/ Y0 vnf; OFF jzpfygw,f/ LD program 1ckukd t"dyÜg,fazmfwm rSefuefzkdYtwGuf PLC &JU tvkyfvkyfyHkudk Scan by Scan yHkazmf awG;Munhfwwf &ygr,f/ PLC &JU vkyfyHkukdifyHk trltusihf behaviour udk em; vnfrSom qkdvkd&if;trSefukd bmomjyefwwfrSm jzpfygw,f/ atmufrSm 1-scan pulse output udk toHk;jyKNyD; toggle output (flip-flop) &atmif a&;xm;wJh LD program ukd wqifhcsif; &Sif;jyxm;ygw,f/ yHk(C) rSm jyxm;wJh LD program ukd WPLSoft rSm File Æ New Æ SS2 ukda&G;NyD; vufawGUa&;prf;Munhfyg/ X0
Y1
#1 X0
( ) Y1
#2
#3
( ) Y0
Y0
Y2
Y0
Y2
yHk (C) ( ) Y2
pmcsnf;oufoufzwfvkdY uawmh bmudkqkdvdw k ,fqkdwm em;vnfrSm r[kwfygbl;/ “The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
190
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
yHk(C) rSm azmfjyxm;wJh program ukda&;NyD;wJhtcg Simulator ukd ON NyD; Write to PLC vkyfyg/ Online Mode vkyfyg/ PLC u STOP jzpfae&if PLC ukd RUN yg/ X0 ay: Cursor wif? Right click ESdyfNyD; Set On vkyfyg/ Y1 eJY Y2 wkdY ON jzpfoGm;wm udk awGUjrif&ygvdrfhr,f/ X0 ay: Cursor wif? Right click ESdyfNyD; Set Off vkyfyg/ Y0 eJY Y1 u OFF jzpfNyD; Y2 uquf ON jzpfaeygvdrfhr,f/ aemufwBudrf X0 ukd Set On vkyfyg/ Y0 = OFF, Y1 = ON eJY Y2 = OFF jzpfoGm; wmudk awGUjrif&ygvdrfhr,f/ X0 ukd Set Off vkyfyg/ Y0 = OFF, Y1 = OFF eJY Y2 = OFF jzpfaeygvdrfhr,f/ X0 ukd Set On, Set Off 5Budrf avmufvkyfMunhfyg/ X0 = OFF to ON jzpfwkdif; Y2 &JUtajctae ajymif;oGm;wmukd owdjyKMunhf½Iyg/ tcka&;NyD;prf;MunhfaewJh program udk Toggle Output vkdYvnf; ac:ygw,f/ Push-ON/PushOFF vkdYvnf; ac:ygw,f/ #1 eJY #2 ukd waygif;wnf; tpOftwkdif; a&;rS Y0 u one scan pulse output xGufygw,f/ #1, #2 eJY #3 ukd aygif;a&;rS Y2 u toggle output jzpfygw,f/ P.B 1 X0
Y1
X0 X0
P.B 2
24V + − S/S
( ) Y1
#2
#3
Input Terminal
Y0
Y2
Y0
Y2
LD Program
&JU input terminal X0 rSm (AA) ukd Munhfyg/
COM 0
+ 24V −
( ) Y2
yHk PLC
Y0
( ) Y0
#1 X1
Lamp 1
Delta PLC = DVP14SS2-11R
Output Terminal
(AA)
pushbutton P.B1 (N.O)
Toggle Output Status-Time Diagram
ukd qufoG,fxm;ygw,f/ yHk
udk yHk (C)(1) rSm az:jyxm;ygw,f/
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
191
OD;pdk;wifh
X 0
Y 0
Y 1
Y 2
1 0
vrf; nTef
1st Scan Scan 2nd 3rd Scan
1st Scan 2nd Scan 3rd Scan
1stnd Scan 2rd Scan 3 Scan
1st Scan 2nd Scan 3rd Scan
PLC
ON OFF
1 Scan Time
1
ON
0
OFF
1
ON
0
OFF
1
ON
0
OFF t0 t1 t2 t3 t4 t5 t6 t7 t8
yHk (C)(1) Toggle Output Status-Time Diagram yHk(C)(1) rSm azmfjyxm;wJh graph yHkukd Status-Time Diagram vkdY ac:ygw,f/ Time chart vkdYvnf; ac:ygw,f/ Timing diagram vkdYvnf; ac:ygw,f/ Operation diagram vkdYvnf; ac:ygw,f/ vkyfaqmifyHktqifhqifh Operation Sequence ukd tcsdef Time eJY EIdif;,SOf azmfjyxm;wJh yHkjzpfygw,f/ X0, Y0, Y1 eJY Y2 wkdY&JU tajctae Status ukd axmifvkdufrsOf;eJY azmfjyxm;ygw,f/ 0 (zero) u OFF State jzpfNyD; 1 (one) u ON State jzpfygw,f/ tvsm;vkdufrsOf;u tcsdefuGmjcm;rIukd azmfjyygw,f/ axmifvkduf a&;qGJxm;wJh rsOf;jywf (tpufcsrsOf;) awG[m wcsdefwnf;rSm &SdaeMuwJh (wcsdefwnf;rSm jzpfay:aeMuwJh) X0, Y0, Y1 eJY Y2 wkdY&JUtajctae status awGukd EdIif;,SOf MunhfzkdY tcsdefwlrsOf; jzpfygw,f/ yHkrSm t 0 uae t 1 tcsdeftxd X0 [m OFF jzpfaeygw,f/ t 1 uae t 2 tcsdeftxd X0 [m ON jzpfaeygw,f/ yHkrSm t 0 uae t 1 tcsdeftxd X0 [m OFF jzpfaeygw,f/ 'gaMumifh t 0 uae t 1 ra&mufcif tcsdefxd P.B1 ukd rESdyfbl;vkdY t"dyÜg,f&ygw,f/ t 1 eJY t 2 Mum;rSm X0 = ON jzpfaeygw,f/ 'gu P.B1 udk ESdyfxm;wJh t"dyÜg,f jzpfygw,f/ P.B1 [m (N.O) pushbutton trsdK;tpm;jzpfwmaMumifh ESdyf&if X0 = ON jzpfNyD;? rESdyfawmh&if (ESdyfNyD;jyefvTwfvkduf&if) X0 = OFF jzpfygw,f/
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
192
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
'Dvkd P.B1 udk ESdyfvkduf^vTwfvkduf vkyfNyD;prf;zkdYtwGuf yH(k AA)rSm jyxm;ovkd wu,fh PLC rSm wu,fh pushbutton ukd qufoG,fwyfqif&rSm jzpfygw,f/ tckuawmh Simulator eJY prf;oyfrSm jzpfwJhtwGuf rdrd&JUpdwful;xJrSm P.B1 udk PLC &JU X0 eJY qufxm;NyD; P.B1 ukd ESdyfw,fqkd&if X0 ukd Set On vkyfay;yg/ jyefvTwfvkdufw,f qkd&if (rESdyfawmhbl; qkd&if) X0 ukd Set Off vkyfay;yg/ tck Toggle Output Program ukd zwfenf;tqifhqifh Scan by Scan ukd a&;om; azmfjyygr,f/ PLC ukd STOP vkyfxm;&if output tm;vHk; OFF jzpfaeMuygw,f/ PLC ukd RUN vkdufwmeJY Input Scan Æ Program Scan Æ Output Scan Æ Input Scan Æ Program Scan Æ Output Scan Æ Input Scan Æ 'Dtwkdif; pOfqufrjywf ywfcsm vSnhfNyD; PLC u r&yfrem; vkyfaeygw,f/ Scan oHk;rsdK; (wpfBudrfNyD;atmif MumwJhtcsdef) wpfausmhNyD;atmif MumwJhtcsdefukd one scan time vkdY ac:ygw,f/ X0 udk ON vkdufNyD; yxrqHk;vkyfwJh Scan (1st Scan) upNyD; Program Scan rSm PLC u b,fvkd execute vkyfw,fqkdwmukd pOf;pm;Munhfygr,f/ X0 X0 = ON jzpfNyD;vsifNyD;csif; 1st Scan rSm X0 [m ON jzpfaewJhtwGuf [m True jzpfygw,f/ Y 1 udk MunhfwJhtcg Y1 udk OFF tjzpfeJYawGUvkdY True jzpfygw,f/ tck execute vkyfaewmu instruction code awGeJYa&;xm;wJh tay:qHk; pmaMumif; Y1 X0 ukd pNyD;vkyfwmjzpfygw,f/ #1 ( ) Y 0 vkdY a&;xm;wJhñTefMum;csuf #1 X0 ukd pwif execute vkyfaewm jzpfygw,f/ #2 ( ) Y 1 vkdY a&;xm;wJh ñTefMum;csuf #2 udk vHk;0rvkyf&ao;ygbl;/ X0 = ON rjzpfcif? X0 = OFF jzpfaepOfu execute vkyfxm;vkdY Y1 [m OFF state rSmyJ &Sdaeygao;w,f/ t0 uae t1 rwkdifciftxd X0 u OFF jzpfaewJh twGuf Y0, Y1, Y2 wkdYtm;vHk; OFF jzpfaeMuygw,f/ 'gaMumifh X 0 u True eJY Y 1 uvnf; True wkdYukd AND vkyfvkdY &vmwJh logic result uvnf; True jzpfygw,f/ 'gaMumifh X0 = ON jzpfNyD;vsif NyD;csif; 1st Scan rSm Y0 [m ON jzpfygw,f/ Output Memory rSm Y0 = ON vkdY rSwfxm;vdkufygw,f/ #1
X0
Y1 ( ) Y0
ukd execute vkyfNyD;rS ol&JUatmufrSm a&;xm;wJh
( ) Y1
ukd
X0 #2
execute
qufvkyfygw,f/ tck
1st Scan
rSm
Y1
vnf; ON jzpfoGm;ygw,f/ “The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
193
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
*½kjyKrSwfom;&rSmu program execute vkyfwJhtcg instruction code awGeJY a&;xm;wJh tay:qHk; pmaMumif;u pNyD; execute vkyfygw,f/ tJ'gukd Network 0 upNyD; execute vkyfw,fvkdYvnf; ac:ygw,f/ Circuit 0 (zero) upNyD; solve vkyfw,fvkdYvnf; ajymqkdMu ygw,f/ tay:qHk; instruction pmaMumif;ukd execute vkyfNyD;rS olUatmuf uyfvsufrSm&SdwJh instruction pmaMumif;ukd qif;NyD; execute vkyfygw,f/ pmaMumif;vkdY oHk;EIef;&wmu graphical symbolic code awGudk tokH;jyKNyD;? ñTefMum;csufawGukd a&;om;xm;wmrkdY jzpfyg w,f/ Y1 X0 1st Scan rSm #1 ( ) Y 0 vkdY a&;xm;wJhñTefMum;csuf#1 eJY X0
( ) Y1
#2 Y0
Y2
vkdY a&;xm;wJhñTefMum;csuf#2 ukd execute vkyfNyD;wJhtcg
vkdY a&;xm;wJhñTefMum;csuf#3 udkpwif execute vkyfyg #3 w,f/ Y0 [m ON jzpfNyD; Y2 [m OFF jzpfcJh&if Y0 Y2 ('grSr[kwf) Y0 [m OFF jzpfNyD; Y2 [m ON jzpfcJh&if Y2 ukd ON jzpfatmifvkyfvkdufygvkdY PLC ukd ckdif;xm; wJh ñTefMum;csufjzpfygw,f/ AND Block 2ckudk OR vkyfxm;wJh logic instruction jzpfygw,f/ Logic instruction &JU qdkvkdwJhoabmu ('D t ajctaeawG e J Y uk d u f n D & if ? 'D t vk y f ukd vkyfyg) vkdY ñTefMum;xm;wm jzpfygw,f/ ('DtajctaeawGeJYrudkufnD&if? 'Dtvkyf ukd rvkyfygeJY) qdkwJh oabmt"dyÜg,fyg? yg0ifNyD; jzpfygw,f/ ('gjzpfrS 'gvkyf? 'grjzpf&if tJ'gudk rvkyfeJY) vkdY t"dyÜg,f 2ck yg0ifygw,f/ tck 1st Scan rSm ñTefMum;csuf#1 eJY ñTefMum;csuf#2 ukd execute vkyfNyD;oGm; wJhtcg Y0 = ON eJY Y1 = ON jzpfw,fqdkwmukd oufqkdif&m memory ae&mawGrSm a&;rSwfxm; NyD;awmhrS ñTefMum;csuf#3 ukd execute pvkyfygw,f/ Y2 Y0 ukd pwif 'Dtcg ñTefMum;csuf #3 &JU b,fbufjcrf;u tay:ykdif; Y0 execute vkyfygw,f/ Y0 = ON jzpfcJhvkdY [m True jzpfygw,f/ Y2 = OFF Y2 jzpfaeao;vkdY [mvnf; True jzpfygw,f/ tJ'D True 2ckukd AND vkyfvkdufawmh logic result u True jzpfygw,f/ &vmwJh logic result jzpfwJh True ukd temporary memory rSm cP a&;rSwfxm;ygw,f/ ( ) Y2
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
194
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
Y0 Y2 NyD;rS ñTefMum;csuf #3 &JU b,fbufjcrf;u atmufykdif;jzpfwJh udk Y0 Y2 u False jzpfNyD;? uvnf; False jzpfygw,f/ qufNyD; execute vkyfygw,f/ tJ'D False 2ck ukd AND vkyfvkdY&wJh Logic result uvnf; False yJjzpfygw,f/ tck&wJh False eJY apmapmurSwfxm;wJh True ukd OR vkyfvkdufwJhtcg logic result u True jzpfygw,f/ 'gaMumifh Y2 = ON jzpfoGm;ygw,f/ yHk(C)(1) Toggle Output Status-Time Diagram ukd Munhfyg/ ñTefMum;csuf#3 ukd execute vkyfNyD;wJhtcg atmufupmaMumif;udk qif;NyD; execute vkyfygw,f/ ñTefMum;csuf#3 ukd execute vkyfNyD; atmufrSm&SdwJh END qkdwJh instruction code ukd awGUawmhrS Program Scan &JU 1st Scan tvkyf[m NyD;qHk;oGm;ygw,f/ Program Scan &JU 1st Scan tvkyfNyD;wJh tcg Output Scan ukd ajymif;vkyfygw,f/ Output Scan rSm output terminal awGjzpfwJh Y0, Y1, Y2 wkdYudk ON ckdif;vkdufygw,f/ 1-scan time [m 1ms rjynhfygbl;/ 0.3ms avmufyJ Mumygw,f/ Computer Screen &JU atmufajcrSm&SdwJh Task Bar ay:rSm Scan Time 0.3 ms qkdwmukd awGUjrif&ygvdrfhr,f/ 1st Scan &JU Output Scan NyD;oGm;&if 2nd Scan ukd Input Scan tvkyfu? pNyD; vkyfygw,f/ X0 [m ON jzpfaeqJrkdY ON vkdYawGUNyD; input memory rSm rSwfxm;ygw,f/ NyD;&if 2nd Scan &JU Program Scan tvkyfudkpvkyfygw,f/ tay:qHk; instruction pmaMumif; Y1 X0 X0 [m #1 ( ) Y 0 ukd execute vkyfwJhtcg X0 = ON jzpfaevkdY st True jzpfygw,f/ 1 Scan program execute vkyfwHk;u Y1 = ON jzpfoGm;vkdY Y 1 uawmh False jzpfygw,f/ tJ'D True eJY False ukd AND vkyfvkdufawmh logic result u False jzpfNyD; Y0 = OFF jzpfoGm;ygw,f/ X0
vuf&Sd tcsdef 2nd Scan rSm #2 X0 = ON jzpfaewmrkdYvkdY Y1 = ON qufjzpfygw,f/ Y0 #3
Y2
( ) Y2
ukd
ukd execute vkyfawmh vuf&Sdtcsdef 2nd Scan rSm ( ) Y1
execute vkyfwJhtcg Y2
Y0
eJY Y1 = ON jzpf aewJh twGuf False AND False jzpfNyD; result uvnf; False yJjzpfygw,f/ 'D logic result jzpfwJh False ukd temporary memory rSm acwå rSwfxm;yg Y0 Y2 w,f/ NyD;&if #3 &JUb,ftpGefatmufykdif;jzpfwJh ukd execute vkyfwJhtcg Y0 = OFF eJY Y2 = ON jzpfaewJhtwGuf True AND True jzpfygw,f/ Logic result uvnf; True jzpfygw,f/ Y0
Y2
rSm
b,ftpGef tay:ykdif;jzpfwJh Y0 = OFF
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
195
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
tck&wJh True eJY apmapmu temporary memory rSmrSwfxm;wJh False udk OR vkyfvkdufawmh logic result u True jzpfygw,f/ 'gaMumifh Y2 [mqufNyD; ON jzpfaeygw,f/ #3 ukd execute vkyfNyD; END ukd execute vkyfygw,f/ 'Dtcsdefa&mufrS Output Scan &JU tvkyfjzpfwJh output terminal Y0 udk OFF vkyfygw,f/ Y1 udk ON qufvkyfygw,f/ Y2 ukdvnf; ON qufvkyfygw,f/ 'Dae&mrSm (tcktcsdefrSm) aoaocsmcsm pOf;pm;yg/ Y0 = ON jzpfwJh tcsdefu 1-scan time yJ Mumygw,f/ X0 = ON jzpfNyD; 1st Scan rSm Y0 = ON jzpfygw,f/ NyD;awmh 2nd Scan rSm Y0 = OFF jyefjzpfoGm;ygw,f/ 'D program ukd WPLSoft eJY a&;NyD; Simulator eJY virtual PLC udk RUN MunhfwJh tcg 1-scan time [m 0.3ms yJMumw,fvkdY WPLSoft u azmfjyygw,f/ 'kwd, ausmh 2nd Scan &JU Output Scan tvkyfNyD;awmh wwd, ausmh 3rd Scan &JU Input Scan tvkyfukd qufvkyfygw,f/ X0 udk ON tjzpf? awGUvkdY awGUwJh twkdif; Input memory rSm rSwfxm;vkdufygw,f/ Input Scan NyD;wJhtcg wwd,ausmh&JU Program Scan ukd qufvkyfygw,f/ X0
Y1
ukd execute vkyfwJhtcg X0 [m ON jzpfaeNyD; Y1 uvnf; 'kwd,ausmhrSmwHk;u ON jzpfaecJhvkdY X 0 u True jzpfNyD; Y 1 u False jzpfMuygw,f/ True eJY False ukd AND vkyfvkdY&wJh logic result uvnf; False yJjzpfwJh twGufaMumifh Y0 [m OFF yJqufjzpfaeygw,f/ #1
X0 #2
( ) Y0
( ) Y1
udk execute vkyfwJh tcg
X0
[m True jzpf vkdY
Y1 = ON qufjzpfygw,f/
vkyfwJhtcg tay:ykdif; AND Y2 Y0 Block rSm (Y0 = OFF) jzpfNyD; (Y2 = ON) ( ) Y2 jzpfaewm aMumifh Y 0 u False #3 Y0 Y2 eJY Y 2 u False ukd AND vkyfvkdufwJhtcg logic result u False jzpfygw,f/ 'D result jzpfwJh False ukd temporary memory rSmcPrSwfxm;ygw,f/ atmufykdif; Y0 AND Block rSm ( u True) eJY ( Y 2 u True) wkdYukd AND vkyfvkdufawmh logic result u True jzpfygw,f/ tck&wJh True eJY apmapmu temporary memory rSmrSwfxm;wJh False udk OR vkyf vkdufawmh logic result u True jzpfygw,f/ 'Dawmh Y2 [m ON qufjzpfygw,f/ #3
udk
execute
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
196
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
yxrtBudrf X0 = ON jzpfwJhtcg 1st Scan rSm Y0 = ON, Y1 = ON eJY Y2 = ON jzpfMuygw,f/ nd 2 Scan rSm Y0 = OFF, Y1 = ON eJY Y2 = ON jzpfMuygw,f/ rd 3 Scan rSm Y0 = OFF, Y1 = ON eJY Y2 = ON jzpfMuygw,f/ yHk(C)(1) Toggle Output Status-Time Diagram ukd Munfhyg/ X0 = OFF jzpf o G m ;wJ h t cg Y0 = OFF, Y1 = OFF eJ Y Y2 = ON jzpf N yD ; usef c J h y gw,f / aemufwBudrf X0 = ON jyefjzpfwJhtcg 1st Scan rSm (#1) Y0 = ON, eJY (#2) Y1 = ON jzpfMuygw,f/ (#1) eJY (#2) ukd execute vkyf NyD;rS? #3 ukd execute vkyfwJhtcg tay:ykdif; AND Block rSm Y2 Y0 Y0 ( ) Y2 u True jzpfNyD; Y 2 u False jzpfyg #3 w,f/ 'gaMumifh logic result u False jzpfygw,f/ Y0 Y2 'D AND Block &JU logic result jzpfwJh False ukd temporary memory rSm cPrSwfxm; ygw,f/ atmufykdif; AND Block ukd execute vkyfawmh Y 0 u False jzpfNyD; Y 2 u True jzpfvkdY AND Block &JU logic result u False jzpfygw,f/ tck &wJh False eJY apmapmurSwfxm;wJh False ukd OR vkyfvkdufawmh logic result u False yJjzpfygw,f/ 'gaMumifh Y2 = OFF jzpfoGm;ygw,f/ tck 'kwd,tBudrf X0 = ON jzpfwJhtcgrSm 1st Scan rSm Y0 = ON, Y1 = ON eJY Y2 = OFF jzpfMuygw,f/ Y1 X0 X0 2nd Scan rSm #1 #1 udk execute vkyfwJhtcg ( ) Y0 'gaMumifh logic result u False jzpfNyD; u True jzpfNyD; Y 1 u False jzpfygw,f/ X0 #2 ukd execute vkyfwJh Y0 = OFF jzpfoGm; ygw,f/ ( ) Y1 #2 X0 tcg u True jzpfvkdY Y1 = ON quf jzpfygw,f/ Y0 #3 ukd execute vkyfwJhtcg tay: AND Block rSm Y0 = OFF jzpfoGm;vkdY u Y2 False eJY u (1st Scan rSm Y2 = OFF jzpfoGm;cJhvkdY) True ukd AND vkyfvkdY &vmwJh logic result jzpfwJh False ukd temporary memory rSm cP rSwfxm;ygw,f/ atmufykdif; AND Block ukd execute vkyfwhJtcg Y 0 u True eJY Y 2 u False ukd AND vkyfvkdY&wJh logic result u False jzpfygw,f/ tJ'D AND Block 2ck &JU result awGjzpfMuwJh False 2ck udk OR vkyfvkdufawmh result u False yJ&ygw,f/ 'gaMumifh 2nd Scan rSmvnf; Y2 [m OFF yJqufjzpfygw,f/ “The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
197
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
'kwd,tBudrf X0 = ON jyefjzpfwJhtcg 1st Scan rSm Y0 = ON, Y1 = ON eJY Y2 = OFF wkdYjzpfMuygw,f/ nd 2 Scan rSm Y0 = OFF, Y1 = ON eJY Y2 = OFF wkdYjzpfMuygw,f/ rd 3 Scan rSm Y0 = OFF, Y1 = ON eJY Y2 = OFF wkdYjzpfMuygw,f/ 'D Toggle Output Program udk a&;NyD; prf;MunhfwJhtcgrSm? yxrtBudrf X0 = ON jzpf&if Y2 = ON jzpfNyD;? 'kwd,tBudrf X0 = ON jyefjzpfrS Y2 = OFF jzpfygw,f/ wwd,tBudrf X0 = ON jyefjzpfwJhtcg Y2 u jyefNyD; ON jzpfoGm;ygw,f/ 'D program ukd PLC u b,fvkd Scan by Scan execute vkyfw,f qkdwmukd em;vnf oabmayguf oGm;&if LD eJY a&;xm;wJh b,fvkd program rsdK;ukdyJjzpfjzpf t"dyÜg,f rSefatmif bmomjyefwwfoGm;NyD jzpfygw,f/ tenf;qHk; 1st Scan, 2nd Scan, eJY 3rd Scan txd analyze vkyfwwfzkdY vkdygw,f/ odNyD? wwfNyD? em;vnfNyD? vkdY rdrdukd,frdrd,HkMunf&if atmufrSmazmfjyxm;wJh program ukd a&;prf;MunfhNyD; Status-Time Diagram ukd a&;qGJMunhfyg/ P.B 1 X0
Delta PLC = DVP14SS2-11R X0
Y2
X0
Y2
Lamp 1 Y2
( ) Y2 COM 0
+ 24V −
24V + − S/S
Input Terminal
LD Program
Output Terminal
yHk (C)(2) yHk(C)(2) rSm azmfjyxm;wJhtwkdif; pushbutton eJY Lamp1 ukd PLC eJY qufoG,fNyD; txufrSmaz:jyxm;wJhtwkdif; WPLSoft eJY LD program ukd a&;yg/ yxrOD;pGm Simulator udk ON NyD; prf;Munhfyg/
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
198
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
yg/ Æ Write to PLC vkyfyg/ Æ Online Mode ukdESdyfyg/ Æ Task Bar ay:rSm Simulator qkdwJhpm eJY RUN qkdwJh tpdrf;a&mifpm ay:ae&ygr,f/ wu,fvkdY STOP qkdwJh teDa&mifpm ay:ae&if PLC ukd RUN vkdufyg/ Program
a&;NyD;&if
Compile
vkyfyg/
Æ Simulator
ukd
vrf; nTef
ON
Click on Simulator icon
Write to PLC
PLC to RUN
Online Mode
tckcsdefxd wu,fh PLC eJY qufoG,frxm;&ao;ygbl;/ Virtual MunfhrSm jzpfygw,f/ X0 ay: Cursor wif? Æ Right Click ESdyfNyD; Æ Set On vkyfyg/
PLC
eJY prf;oyf
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
199
OD;pdk;wifh Y2
PLC
[m
ON
vkduf?
OFF
vkduf? jzpfaewmukd
Computer Screen
vrf; nTef
ay:rSm awGU&yg
vdrfhr,f/ trSefwu,fu Y2 [m 1-scan time ON, 1-scan time OFF jzpfNyD;? oscillate jzpfaeyg w,f/ 1st Scan ON, Æ 2nd Scan OFF, Æ Next Scan ON, Æ Next Scan OFF jzpfaeygw,f/ Y2 = ON jzpfNyD;wnf&dSaewJh tcsdef[m 1-scan time yJMumjrifhygw,f/ Task Bar rSm Munhf&if Scan Time : 0.6ms vkdY awGU&ygvdrfhr,f/ 'D program udk RUN wJhtcg 1 scan cycle &JU MumjrifhwJh tcsdefudk 0.6ms vkdY az:jywm jzpfygw,f/ Computer Screen ay:rSm Y2 ukd ON aeaMumif; Highlight vkyfjywJh tpdrf;a&mif ay:aewJh tcsdefumv u 1s avmufMumygw,f/ 0.6ms yJ Highlight vkyfjy? pdrf;jy? w,fqkd&ifvnf; 0.6ms Mumatmifay:NyD;? 0.6ms MumatmifaysmufuG,foGm;wJh tpdrf;a&mif ON/OFF jzpfaewmukd vlU&JU rsufpdu cGJjcm;NyD; odEkdifpGrf; r&Sdygbl;/
'gukd rSefuefaMumif; twnfjyKEkdifzkdYtwGuf wu,fh PLC eJY vufawGU prf;oyf MunhfzdkY vkdtyfygw,f/
X0
X0
Y2
Y2
( ) Y2
Status
yHk(C)(2) rSm jyxm;wJhtwkdif; pushbutton (N.O) 1ck jzpfwJh P.B1 &,f? rD;vHk; (24V, 1W) Lamp1 &,fukd wu,fh PLC (DVP-14SS2-11R) rSm qufoG,fwyfqifyg/ yHk(C)(2) rSmazmfjyxm;wJh LD program ukd WPLSoft eJYa&;NyD; PLC xJukd download vkyfyg/ Æ PLC ukd RUN yg/ Æ P.B1 ukd ESdyfxm;NyD; PLC ay:u Y2 qkdwJh Output LED ukd Munhfyg/ LED (Y2) vif;aewmukd jrifawGU&ygvdrfhr,f/ Online Mode ukd ESdyfNyD; Computer Screen ay:u Y2 ukdMunhfyg/ Y2 ae&mrSm tpdrf; a&mif Highlight ay:vkduf^aysmufvkduf jzpfaewmukd awGUjrif&ygvdrfhr,f/ P.B1 ukd ESdyfxm; oa&GU tpdrf;a&mif Highlight u ay:vmvkduf^aysmufoGm;vkduf jzpfaeNyD; PLC ay:rSm &SdwJh Output LED (Y2) uawmh tNrJvif;aewmudk awGUjrif&ygvdrfhr,f/ trSefwu,fjzpfaewmu Y2 [m 0.6ms ON jzpfNyD;? 0.6ms OFF jzpfaewmom jzpfyg 1 w,f/ ON X0 P.B 1 1 0 1 P.B 1 0 1 0
ykHukdMunhfyg/
OFF
0
ON OFF ON OFF
Y2 X0 1 Scan Time
ON OFF
Y2 t0 t1 t2 t3 t4
Time
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
200
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
P.B1 udk jyefvTwfvkdufwJhtcgrSm jrifawGU&wmu ykdNyD;awmhpdwf0ifpm;p&maumif;yg w,f/ P.B1 udk ESdyfNyD; jyefvTwfvkdufwJhtcgrSm Y2 [m ON jzpfusefcJhwJhtcg &Sdovkd OFF jzpf usefcJhwJh tcgvnf; &Sdygw,f/ tBudrfBudrfESdyfMunhfyg/ Y2 ukd ON jzpfusefatmif? OFF jzpf
usefatmif? wrifvkyf,lvkdY r&Ekdifwmukd ukd,fawGUBuHKMu&ygvdrfhr,f/ q,fcg? q,fhig;cg? avmuf P.B1 ukd ESdyfvkduf? vTwfvkduf? vkyfMunhfyg/ Random jzpfaewmudk awGU&ygvdrhfr,f/ Random qkdwm BuHK&muszrf; jzpfaewmukd qkdvkdygw,f/ P.B1 udk ESdyfNyD; jyefvTwfvkdufwJhtcsdefrSm Y2 [m ON jzpfaewmeJY BuHKBudKuf wkdufqkdif aecJh&if? Status-Time Diagram &Jh atmufykdif;rSm jyxm;wJYtwkdif; Y2 u qufNyD; ON jzpfNyD; usefcJhygw,f/ P.B1 ukd ESdyfNyD; jyefvTwfvkdufwJhtcsdefrSm Y2 [m OFF jzpfaeckdufeJY BuHKBudKuf wkdufqkdifcJh&if? Status-Time Diagram &Jh tay:ykdif;rSm jyxm;wJYtwkdif; Y2 u OFF jzpfNyD; usefcJhygw,f/ Simulator eJY prf;Munhf&ifvnf;? 'Dvkdjzpfwmukd awGUjrifEdkifygw,f/
ukd ESdyfxm;ckdufrSm output status indicator LED Y2 tNrJvif;aewmukdawmh PLC eJ Y prf ; Munh f r S jrif a wG U &rS m jzpf y gw,f / P.B1
Terminal Y2 rSm Lamp1 wyfqifxm;wmjzpfvkdY trSefwu,f Y2 om tNrJ ON jzpf aew,fqkd&if Y2 LED a&m? Lamp1 yg NydKifwl vif;&rSm jzpfygw,f/ tckawmh Lamp1 u rD;rvif;yJ? Y2 LED om rD;vif;aew,fvkdY awGUjrifae&ygw,f/ P.B1 ukd ESdyfNyD;jyefvTwfvkdufvkdY Y2 u ON jzpfNyD; usefwJhtcgrSmawmh Y2 LED a&m? Lamp1 yg NydKifwl vif;aewmukd awGU&ygw,f/ trSefwu,fu output indicator LED Y2 [m 0.6ms ON/0.6ms OFF eJY vif;vdkuf?
rSdwfvkduf? jzpfaeygw,f/ tNrJvif;aew,fvkdY awGUjrif&wmuawmh vlUrsufpd&JU tjrifpGJNrJrIobm0aMumifh jzpf ygw,f/ vlU&JUrsufpd[m 1/24 second MumwJhtxd tjrifpGJNrJrI &Sdygw,f/ t&ifjrifNyD;om; jrifuGif;yHk&dyfukd tJ'DyHk&dyfaysmufuG,foGm;NyD; 1/24 sec (41.6ms) Mum onf txd vlUrsufpdu qufNyD; jrifaewwfygw,f/ 'gaMumifh ,aeYacwf rD;ajy;pmvHk; LED signboard udk pmvHk;awG a&GUaew,fvkdYyJ awGYjrif ygw,f/ ay:vkdufaysmufvkduf jzpfaew,fvkdY rjrif? rawGUMuygbl;/ LED signboard awGrSm LED awGudk ae&mtaowyfqifxm;wm jzpfygw,f/ LED awG[mae&m ra&GUMuygbl;/ LED signboard udk pmvHk;awG a&GUaew,fvkdYyJ awGYjrif&wm[m rsufpd&JU tjrifpGJNrJrI obm0aMumifh jzpfygw,f/ P.B1 ukd ESdyfxm;oa&GU tcsdefumvrSm PLC &JU Output LED Y2 tNrJvif; aew,fvkdY awGUjrif&wm[m rsufpd&JUtjrifpGJNrJrI obm0aMumifh jzpfNyD; Lamp 1 rD;rvif;&wmuawmh Relay &JU contact traveling time aMumifhjzpfygw,f/ You can try this program functionality using any PLC brand with relay output. “The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
201
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
DVP-14SS2-11R [m Relay output ygwJh PLC jzpfygw,f/ Output relay energize jzpfvkdY contact open uae contact close jzpfzdkY travel vkyfwm 10ms Mumw,fvkdY OEM &JU specification rSm azmfjyxm;ygw,f/ Output relay contact &JU transition time jzpfygw,f/ 'gaMumifh Terminal Y2 [m OFF uae ON jzpfzkdY 10ms Mumygw,f/ ON uae OFF jzpfzkdYvnf; 10ms Mumygw,f/ trSefwu,f Y2 = ON jzpfwJYtcsdefu 0.6ms omMumygw,f/ Y2 = OFF jzpfwJYtcsdef uvnf; 0.6ms yJMumygw,f/ 'Dawmh Y2 qkdwJh output relay &JU physical contact u Y2 = ON jzpfvkdY close jzpfr,f BuHvkduf? 0.6ms Mumawmh Y2 = OFF jzpfoGm;vkdY jyefcGmckdif;vkdY uGmvkduf&? jzpfaevkdY b,fawmhrS closed rjzpfawmhygbl;/ 'gawGukd tao;pdyf a&;jy&wmuawmh Control System awGudk Troubleshoot vkyfwJh tcg? tJ'D system awGrSm oHk;xm;wJh Device awG&JU physical nature a&m? program nature yg? logical nature awGukdyg? odxm;rSom trSefudk OmPfeJYqifjcifodjrif EkdifaMumif; message
ay;csifvkdY jzpfygw,f/ Scan Cycle taMumif;ukd pmrsufESm (180) rSm azmfjyxm;ygw,f/
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
202
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
PLC tvkyfvkyfyHkudk vG,fvG,frSwfxm;csif&if I, P, O vkdY rSwfxm;yg/ 'gu 1-scan (one scan) rSmygwJh tvkyfoHk;rsdK; jzpfygw,f/ I u Input Scan jzpfygw,f/ P u Program Scan jzpfygw,f/ O u Output Scan jzpfygw,f/ PLC ukd power ay;NyD;? RUN xm;vkduf&if? I (tkdif)? P (yD)? O (tdk) oHk;rsdK;[m wpfckNyD;wpfck qufwkdufvkyfaeygw,f/ I NyD;awmh P, P NyD;awmh? O, O NyD;awmh? I u jyefp?
vkyfygw,f/ I, P, O wpfausmhNyD;atmifvkyfwmukd one scan vkdU ac:ygw,f/ I Æ P Æ O wpfausmhNyD;atmifMumwJhtcsdefukd 1-scan time vkdY ac:ygw,f/ PLC ukd STOP vkyfxm;vkduf&if output tm;vHk; OFF jzpfaeygw,f/ Output terminal wkdif;rSm signal r&Sdwmukd OFF vdkY ajymwm jzpfygw,f/ PLC ukd RUN vkdufawmhrS I u p?vkyfygw,f/ I (Input Scan) vkyfaecsdefrSm PLC &JU input terminal tm;vHk;&JU tajctaeawGukd zwfNyD; signal &dS^r&Sdukd input image memory rSm rSwfxm;ygw,f/ I NyD;rS P vkyfygw,f/ P (Program Scan) vkyfwJhtcg tay:qHk; yxr instruction pmaMumif;&JU b,ftpGefu instruction code upNyD; pmzwfovkdrsdK; wpfckNyD;wpfck execute vkyfygw,f/ &vmwJh logic result awGukd oufqkdif&m memory rSm a&;rSwfxm;ygw,f/ tay:qHk;
ñTefMum;csufpmaMumif; NyD;qHk;oGm;&if olUatmuf uyfvsufu ñTefMum;csufpmaMumif;ukd b,ftpGefu pNyD; execute vkyfygw,f/ P &JU tvkyfu program udk execute vkyfwm jzpfygw,f/ ñTefMum;csuf pmaMumif;rSm tykdif;2ykdif; ygygw,f/ Examining ykdif;eJY Executing ykdif;jzpfygw,f/ Open contact, Closed contact awGu Examining instruction awGjzpfNyD; Coil u Executing instruction jzpfygw,f/ PLC rSm LD eJY a&;xm;wJh Program [m ('gjzpf r S ? 'guk d v k y f y g) vkdY cdkif;xm;wm jzpfygw,f/ ('gjzpfrS) qkdwJh Examining ykdif;ukd logic result &atmif aqmif&Gufygw,f/ tJ'D logic result u True jzpfrS ('guk d v k y f y g) qkdwJh Executing ykdif;ukd aqmif&Gufygw,f/ aqmif&GufNyD; &&SdvmwJh solved result ukd oufqkdif&m Memory rSm a&;rSwf Wirte ygw,f/ NyD;&if atmufukdqufqif;NyD; Program Execute vkyfwm END qkdwJh Instruction Code udk a&mufawmhrS P &JU tvkyf NyD;qHk;ygw,f/ P NyD;rS O (tkd) ukdk vkyfygw,f/ O (Output Scan) vkyfwJhtcg apmapmu (P vkyfaewHk;u) memory awGrSm a&;rSwf xm;wmawGukd output terminal awGqD data vTJajymif;wm data transfer vkyfay; vkdufygw,f/ 'Dtcsdef a&mufawmhrS PLC &JU output terminal awGu signal ukd &&Sdwm jzpfygw,f/ 'gudk Output update vkyfw,fvkdY ac:ygw,f/ I (Input Scan) u input memory ukd update vkyfygw,f/ P (Program Scan) u program ukd solve vkyfNyD; output memory ukd update vkyfygw,f/ O (Output Scan) u output terminal ukd update vkyfygw,f/ “The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
203
OD;pdk;wifh tvkyfvkyfyHk scanning process ukd atmufrSm EdIif;,SOf azmfjyay;xm;ygw,f/ PLC
PLC English
vrf; nTef
vkdzwfcsifolawGtwGuf &SmazG&orQukd
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
204
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
205
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
206
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
207
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
208
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
209
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
tcef; (13) Programming Exercises vufawGUprf;oyfa&;MunhfzkdY erlem program awGudk azmfjyvkdufygw,f/ vufawGU prf;oyfp&m PLC, Pushbuttons, Lamp, Buzzer wkdY vkdtyfygw,f/ tJ'gawG&SdNyD;om;vkdY oabmxm;NyD; a&;om;azmfjyoGm;rSm jzpfygw,f/ Exercise Program 1 Exercise Program 1 twGuf N.O contact ygwJh pushbutton 1ck? 24V, 3W Lamp 1ck? 24VDC, 1A power supply unit 1ck eJY PLC uawmh DVP-14SS2-11R 1vHk;? wkdYukd toHk;jyK
&rSm jzpfygw,f/ +24V P.B 1
Lamp
0V
yHkrSmjyxm;wJhtwkdif; pushbutton eJY lamp udk series qufNyD; 24VDC supply ay;xm;&ygr,f/ Pushbutton P.B1 ukd ESdyfvdkuf&if Lamp = ON jzpfygw,f/ Pushbutton ukd ESdyfvkdufvkdY contact close jzpfwmeJY rD;vHk;vif;zdkY signal &wmeJY Mum;rSm tcsdefaESmifhaES;MuefYMumrI r&Sdygbl;/ PLC eJY 'DtvkyfrsdK;ukdyJ program a&;NyD; ckdif;r,fqkd&if contact close jzpfwJhtcsdefeJY rD;vif;zkdY signal &wJh tcsdefMum;rSm 20ms (milliseconds) avmuf time delay &Sdygw,f/ P.B 1
Lamp
X0
Y0
PLC
COM 0
+ 24V −
24V + − S/S Input Terminal
Output Terminal
yHk
(Ex. 1) tJ'gukd od&Sdem;vnfzkdYtwGuf yHk(Ex. 1) rSmjyxm;wJhtwkdif; P.B1 terminal X0 rSm qufoG,fxm;yg/ Lamp ukd output terminal Y0 rSm program udk yHkrSmjyxm;wJhtwkdif; WPLSoft eJY a&;yg/
ukd PLC &JU input qufoG,fNyD; LD
NyD;&if PLC xJukd download vkyfyg/ PLC ukd RUN vkdufyg/ Pushbutton ukd ESdyfMunhf yg/ jyefvTwfMunhfyg/ rsufjrifrSmawmh aESmif;aES;MuefYMumw,fvkdY od&SdcHpm;&rSmr[kwfygbl;/ “The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
210
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
wu,fwrf; PLC u vkyfaqmif&mrSmawmh pushbutton ukd ESdyfvkdufvkdY contact close jzpfoGm;wJhtcsdefeJY Input Image Memory rSm X0 = ON vkdY a&;rSwfvkdufwJh tcsdefMum;rSm 10ms Mumjrihfygw,f/ Input delay jzpfygw,f/ Contact bounce aMumifhjzpfwJh noise eJY electromagnetic interference aMumifhjzpfwJh noise awGudk ppfxkwfNyD; csefxm;cJhcsifvkdY wrif delay jzpfatmif vkyfxm;wmjzpfygw,f/ 'gukd Input response time vkdYvnf; ac:ygw,f/ 'D delay time ukd jyifcsif&if D1020 rSm oGm;jyifvkdY&ygw,f/ omreftoHk;jyKoltaeeJY rjyifoifh ygbl;/ aemufxyf 1scan time delay jzpfygao;w,f/ LD program ukd tckvkdcyfwkdwkda&;xm;&ifawmh 1scan time [m 0.3ms Mumygw,f/ tckoHk;wJh PLC (DVP-14SS2-11R) u relay output jzpfwJhtwGuf relay contact &JU traveling time 10ms xyfMumygw,f/ pkpkaygif; 20.3ms delay jzpfygw,f/ Pushbutton uk d ES d y f v k d u f v k d Y terminal X0 rS m signal a&muf N yD ; 20.3ms MumrS terminal Y0 u signal xk w f a y;ygw,f / PLC wk d i f ; rS m
'Dvkd
I/O responding time tNrJ & S d y gw,f /
yHk(Ex. 1) rSm jyxm;ovkd Pushbutton eJY Lamp ukd PLC rSmqufoG,fNyD; LD program ukd Examine OFF “X0” eJY a&;cJh&if P.B1 ukd rESdyfbJxm;wJhtcgrSm Y0 = ON (Lamp = ON) jzpfNyD; P.B1 ukd ESdyfvkdufawmhrS Y0 = OFF (Lamp = OFF) jzpfygw,f/ I/O responding time uawmh 20.3ms yJjzpfygw,f/ PLC tvkyfvkyfyHktqihfqihfukd Scan Cycle taMumif; pmrsufESm (180) rSm azmfjyxm;ygw,f/
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
211
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
Exercise Program 2 Exercise Program 2 ukd vufawGUprf;zkdY yg0ifwJh ypönf;awGuawmh (1) P.B1 (N.O contact) 1ck? (2) P.B2 (N.C contact) 1ck? (3) Lamp 24VDC, 3W 1ck? (4) DVP-14SS2-11R PLC 1ck? eJY (5) 24VDC, 1A power supply unit 1ck? wkdYjzpfMuygw,f/ Pushbutton 2ck
eJY
Lamp 1ck
ukd yHkrSm jyxm;wJhtwkdif; qufoG,fyg/
P.B 1
Lamp Y0
X0 P.B 2 X1
PLC
COM 0
+ 24V −
X0
X1
Y0 ( )
24V + − S/S Input Terminal
[ END ] Output Terminal
LD Program
LD program udk yHkrSmjyxm;wJhtwkdif; WPLSoft eJY a&;NyD; PLC xJ download vkyf xm;yg/ PLC ukd RUN vkdufyg/ Pushbutton awGudk EdSyfprf;Munhfyg/ P.B1 eJY P.B2 ukd 1ck csif;pD ESdyf&if Y0 u r ON ao;bJeJY 2ck wGJESdyfrS Y0 u ON jzpfygw,f/ 'gukd Logic AND vkdY ac:ygw,f/ IF [(X0 = ON) AND (X1 = OFF) THEN [(Y0 Æ ON] vkdY ckdif;xm;wm jzpfygw,f/ P.B1 ukd ESdyfrS X0 = ON jzpfygw,f/ P.B2 ukd ESdyfrS X1 = OFF jzpfygw,f/ Y0 wu,fvkdY program udk yHkrSm jyxm;ovkd a&;cJhr,f X1 X0 ( ) qkd&ifawmh? P.B1 1ck xJESdyfrSom Y0 = ON jzpfyg w,f/ P.B2 1ck xJESdyf&ifvnf; Y0 [m r ON yg [ END ] bl;/ P.B1 eJY P.B2 ukd wGJESdyf&ifvnf; Y0 [m r ON ygbl;/ PLC ukd ckdif;apwJh program a&;wJhtcgrSm Field Input Device awG&JU N.O, N.C ukd
xnhfoGif;pOf;pm;&ygw,f/ tJ'DtaMumif; tao;pdyfukd pmrsufESm 103 a&;om;&mrSm azmfjyxm;ygw,f/
Industrial Alarm System
taMumif;
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
212
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
Exercise Program 3 Logic OR ukd vufawGUprf;MunhfzkdY twGuf yg0ifwJhypönf;awG (1) N.O pushbutton 2ck (2) Lamp 24V, 3W 1ck? (3) 24VDC, 2A power supply 1ck? eJY (4) DVP-14SS2-11R PLC 1vHk;? wkdYjzpfMuygw,f/
yHkrSmjyxm;wJhtwkdif; Pushbutton eJY Lamp awGukd P.B 1
PLC rSm
qufoG,fvdkufyg/
Lamp 1
X0
Y0
P.B 2 X1
uawmh
PLC
COM 0
+ 24V −
24V + − S/S Input Terminal
Output Terminal
LD program udk WPLSoft eJY a&;NyD; PLC xJ download vkyfxm;yg/ PLC ukd RUN vdkufyg/ Pushbutton awGukd ESdyfNyD;prf;Munhfyg/ P.B1 eJY P.B2 b,f[mudk ESdyfESdyf Lamp rD;vif;NyD;? 2ck wGJESdyf&ifvnf; rD;vif;ygw,f/ 'gukd Logic OR vkdY ac:ygw,f/ IF (X0 = ON) OR (X1 = ON) THEN (Y0 => ON) vkdY
ckdif;xm;wmjzpfygw,f/ 'D program udk a&;csif&if? b,ftpGef Initial point rSm Cursor csNyD;? Æ Æ Æ Æ Vertical line udk a&;csif&if? X0 ab;uyfvsufnmbufrSm Cursor csNyD; udkEdSyfyg/
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
213
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
Exercise Program 4 Logic XOR ukd vufawGUprf;MunhfzkdYtwGuf yg0ifwJh ypönf;awGuawmh (1) N.O pushbutton 2ck? (2) N.C pushbutton 2ck? (3) Lamp 24V, 3W 1ck? (4) 24V, 2A DC power supply 1ck? eJY (5) DVP-14SS2-11R PLC 1vHk;? wkdY jzpfMuygw,f/ P.B 1 Y0
X0
Lamp
P.B 2 X1 P.B 3 X2
PLC
COM 0
P.B 4
+ 24V −
X3
X0
X1
24V + − S/S
X0
X1
( ) Y0
yHk(B) yHk(A) yHk(A) rSmjyxm;wJhtwkdif; qufoG,fNyD; program ukd yHk(B) rSmjyxm;wJhtwkdif; a&;yg/ 'D program uawmh Logic XOR jzpfygw,f/ P.B1 1ckxJ ESdyf&ifvnf; Y0 = ON jzpfygw,f/ P.B2 1ckxJ ESdyf&ifvnf; Y0 = ON jzpfygw,f/ P.B1 a&m P.B2 yg aygif;ESdyf&ifawmh Y0 = OFF jzpfygw,f/ IF [(X0 = ON) AND (X1 = OFF)] OR [(X0 = OFF) AND (X1 = ON)] THEN [(Y0 => ON)]
vkdY a&;xm;wm jzpfygw,f/ AND Block 2ck udk OR vkyfxm;wmjzpfygw,f/
Program udk 'Dvdka&;xm;&ifvnf; Logic XOR yJ jzpfygw,f/ OR Block 2ckukd AND vkyfxm;wmjzpfygw,f/ P.B1 a&m P.B2 yg N.O pushbutton awGjzpfwmudk owdjyKyg/
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
214
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
Exercise Program 5 Pushbutton 4ck?
eJY Lamp udk yHk(A) twdkif; qufoG,fyg/
yHk(C) yHk(C) twkdif; program ukd a&;yg/ 'gvnf; XOR yJjzpfygw,f/ P.B2 eJY 1ckcsif; pD ESdyfrS Y0 = ON jzpfygw,f/ 2ck wGJESdyf&ifawmh Y0 = OFF jzpfygw,f/
P.B3
ukd
IF [(X1 = ON) AND (X2 = ON)] OR [(X1 = OFF) AND (X2 = OFF)] THEN (Y0 => ON)
vkdY a&;xm;wm jzpfygw,f/ AND Block 2ck ukd OR vkyfxm;wm jzpfygw,f/ P.B2 u N.O pushbutton jzpfNyD; P.B3 u N.C pushbutton jzpfw,fqdkwmudk owdjyKyg/ Exercise Program 6 Pushbutton 4ck?
eJY Lamp udk yHk(A) twdkif;qufoG,fyg/
yHk(D) yHk(D) twkdif; program ukd a&;yg/ P.B1 eJY P.B2 ukd wGJESdyf&ifvnf; Y0 = ON jzpfygw,f/ P.B3 eJY P.B4 udk wJGESdyf&ifvnf; Y0 = ON jzpfygw,f/ P.B 1ckcsif;pD ESdyf&ifawmh Y0 = OFF jzpfaeygvdrhfr,f/ IF [(X0 = ON) AND (X1 = ON)] OR [(X2 = OFF) AND (X3 = OFF)] THEN [(Y0 => ON)]
vkdY a&;xm;wm jzpfygw,f/ AND Block 2ckukd OR vkyfxm;wm jzpfygw,f/ P.B1 eJY P.B2 u N.O pushbutton jzpfNyD; P.B3 eJY qdkwmudk owdjyKyg/
P.B4
u
N.C pushbutton
jzpfw,f
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
215
OD;pdk;wifh Exercise Program 7 Pushbutton 4ck?
PLC
vrf; nTef
eJY Lamp udk yHk(A) twkdif; qufoG,fyg/
yHk(E) yHk(E) twkdif; LD program udka&;yg/ Y0 udk ON jzpfapr,fh condition awGuawmh (1) P.B1 eJY P.B2 ukdwGJESdyf&if? (2) P.B1 eJY P.B4 ukd wGJESdyf&if? (3) P.B3 eJY P.B2 ukdwGJESdyf&if? (4) P.B3 eJY P.B4 ukdwGJESdyf&if? (5) P.B 4ckpvHk;udk wGJESdyf&if? wkdYjzpfMuygw,f/ IF [(X0 = ON) OR (X2 = OFF)] AND [(X1 = ON) OR (X3 = OFF)] THEN [(Y0 => ON)]
vkdY a&;xm;wm jzpfygw,f/ OR Block 2ckukd AND vkyfxm;wmjzpfygw,f/ Exercise Program 1 to 7 udk wu,fh PLC, rSm wu,fh Pushbutton awGeJY qufoG,fNyD; vufawGU prf;Munhf NyD;&if? (1) PLC &JU Input Device (sensor) awGrSm N.O/N.C qkdwJh obm0ukd xnhfoGif; pOf;pm; &r,fqkdwm&,f? (2) tJ'D N.O/N.C awGeJY qDavsmfatmif LD program xJrSm open contact, closed contact awGudk a&G;cs,ftoHk;NyD; instruction code tjzpfa&;&w,f? qkdwmukd em;vnf oabmayguf avmufNyDvkdY xifygw,f/ PLC xJrSm &SdwJh CPU u PLC &JU input terminal rSm wwfqifxm;wJh sensor awG[m N.O vm;? N.C vm; qkdwmukd odEkdifpGrf;r&Sdygbl;/ Input terminal rSm signal &Sdw,f? r&Sdbl;? qkdwmukdom odEkdifygw,f/ Signal &SdrS output ukd ON jzpfapcsif&if open contact ukd oHk;&ygw,f/ Signal r&SdrS output ukd ON jzpfapcsif&if closed contact ukd oHk;&ygw,f/ Open contact [m ON jzpfae&if True jzpfNyD; Open contact [m OFF jzpfae&if False jzpfygw,f/ Closed contact [m OFF jzpfae&if True jzpfNyD; Closed contact [m ON jzpfae&if False jzpfygw,f/
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
216
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
Coil ( ) &JU a&SUrSm (b,fbufrSm) &SdaewJh instruction code awG tm;vHk;ukd Examining instruction vkdY ac:ygw,f/ Examine the condition tajctaeukd ppfaq;&vkdY jzpfygw,f/ tJ'D condition awGukd examine vkyfvkdY&vmwJh logic result u True jzpfrSom Coil ( ) [m ON jzpfygw,f/ tJ'D logic result u Flase jzpf&if Coil [m OFF jzpfygw,f/ PLC ukdckdif;wJh X0
yHkpHu ('gjzpfrS ) ('gukdvkyfyg ) qkdwJh yHkpHjzpfygw,f/
( Y0 )
a&SUu Examine ON “X0” eJY a&;xm;NyD;aemufu Output ON “Y0” vkdY a&;xm;&if examine vkyf&r,fh condition “X0” u ON jzpfaerS output “Y0” udk ON vkyfay;ygvkdY PLC ukd ckdif;wmjzpfygw,f/ 'Dawmh examine vkyf&r,fh condition “X0” u ON rjzpf&if output “Y0” ukd r ON ygeJYvkdY qkdvkdwJh t"dyÜg,fygNyD;om; jzpfygw,f/ X0
( Y0 )
a&SUu Examine OFF “X0” eJY a&;xm;NyD; aemufu Output ON “Y0” vkdY a&;xm;&if examine vkyf&r,fh condition “X0” u OFF jzpfaerS output “Y0” udk ON vkyfay;ygvkdY PLC ukd ckdif;wmjzpfygw,f/ 'Dawmh examine vkyf&r,fh condition “X0” u OFF rjzpf&if output “Y0” ukd r ON ygeJY qkdwJht"dyÜg,f ygNyD;jzpfygw,f/
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
217
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
tcef; (14) PLC xJu eJU
vrf; nTef
Counter taMumif ; /
PLC wkdif;rSm Internal Counter awG yg&SdMuygw,f/ tJ'D Counter awG[m Output terminal qufoG,frIvHk;0 r&SdvdkU internal counter vdkU ac:wmjzpfygw,f/
trsdK;tpm; type rwl&if yg0if wJh Counter ta&twGuf rwlMuygbl;/ Counter trsdK;tpm; type vnf; uGmjcm;Muygw,f/ 'gaMumihf rdrdvufxJrSm&SdwJh PLC rSm b,fvkd Counter trsdK;tpm; awGygovJqkdwm odxm;zkdU vkdtyfygw,f/ odcsif&if OEM &JU Programming Manual xJu Memory Map ukd &SmMunhf&rSm jzpfygw,f/ PLC rSmygavh&SdwJh Counter awGuawmh (1) Up Counter (Incrementing Counter) (2) Down Counter (Decrementing Counter) (3) Up-Down Counter (Reversible Counter) eJY (4) High Speed Counter wkdY jzpfMuygw,f/ PLC
b,fvkd
Counter rsd K ;uk d y J j zpf j zpf
toHk;jyKawmhr,fqkd&if odxm;&r,fYtcsufawGu
(1)
Counter function twGuf instruction code type eJY wGJNyD; odxm;&ygr,f/
(2) (3)
Counter eHygwfeJY Counter type ukd
ukd b,fvkda&;&r,f qkdwmukd
PLC
wGJNyD;odxm; &ygr,f/ Set value (Preset value) ukd b,f PLC rSm b,fvkda&;&w,fqkdwm PLC type eJY wGJNyD; odxm;&ygr,f/ (4) Set value &JU twdkif;twm range ukd Counter trsdK;tpm;eJYwGJNyD; odxm;& yg r,f/ NyD;awmh ta&;tBuD;qHk;tcsufu rdrdoHk;r,fh Counter &JU tusihfp½kduf character ukd vufawGUa&;prf;Munhfxm;&rSm jzpfygw,f/ 'grSom ukd,fa&;wJh program [m ukd,farQmfrSef;xm;wJhtwkdif; rwdrf;rapmif;bJ vkyfaqmif ay;wm ukd awGU&rSmjzpfygw,f/ pmzwfNyD; odxm;wJhtodeJY rvkHavmufygbl;/ Counter taMumif; odatmif? em;vnfatmif? vufawGUa&;prf;MunhfzkYd vkdtyfygw,f/
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
218
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
Up Counter
atmufrSm erlem
awGa&;NyD; &Sif;jyxm; ygw,f/ vufawGUtoHk;jyKwJh Delta Electronics Ltd. u xkwfvkyfwJh DVP-14SS2-11R2 jzpfygw,f/ program
PLC
u
yHkrSm jyxm;wJh program ukd WPLSoft eJY a&;NyD; Simulator ukd ON vkdufyg/ Task Bar rSm Simulator qkdwJh pm ay:vmwJhtcg Wirte to PLC vkyfyg/ PLC ukd RUN yg/ Online Mode ukd ON NyD; X0 ay: Cursor cs? Right Click ESdyf? Set On vkyfyg/ NyD;&if X0 ukd Set Off vkyfxm;cJhyg/ tckvkyfcJhwmu C0 ukd reset vkyfwmjzpfygw,f/ X1 ay: Cursor cs? Right Click ESdyfNyD; Set On vkyfyg/ teDa&mifeJY ay:aewJh K0 uae K1 ukd ajymif;oGm;ygvdrhfr,f/ 1 digit count vkyfvkdufwm jzpfygw,f/ X1 u counting input jzpfygw,f/ tJ'D counting input &JU Logic condition u False-to-True jzpfrS Counter 1csuf wuf oGm;wm jzpfygw,f/
'D
Program rSm Examine ON “X1” eJY a&;xm;wmjzpfvkdY X1 = OFF-to-ON jzpfrS Falseto-True jzpfNyD; 1 digit count up jzpfygw,f/ wu,fvkdY Examine OFF “X1” vkdY a&;cJhr,fqkd&if X1 = ON-to-OFF jzpfrS False-to-True jzpfNyD; 1 digit count up jzpfygvdrhfr,f/
txufygtwkdif; a&;NyD;prf;Munhfyg/ “The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
219
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
tck program rSm tay:qHk;pmaMumif;&JU t"dyÜg,fu X0 = ON jzpfrS C0 ukd reset vkyfyg vkdY a&;xm;wm jzpfygw,f/ X0 = ON jzpfaeoa&GU Scan wkdif; C0 udk reset vkyfaeygw,f/ 'gaMumifh X0 ukd ON xm;wJhtcsdefrSm X1 ukd OFF-to-ON vkyf&if C0 [m count up rvkyfygbl;/ teDa&mifpmvHk;eJY azmfjyaewJh K0 ukd accumulated value vkdY ac:ygw,f/ Present value vkdYvnf; ac:Muygw,f/ Current value vkdYvnf; ac:Muygw,f/ Counter u a&wGufNyD;om; ta&twGuf? vuf&Sdwefzkd;jzpfygw,f/ 'D program &JU 'kwd,pmaMumif;rSm a&;xm;wmu X1 = OFF-to-ON jzpfwkdif; C0 ukd 1 digit wkd;NyD; 5 digits jynhf&if C0 ukd ON vkdufygvkdY ckdif;xm;wmjzpfygw,f/ tJ'D instruction pmaMumif;rSm ygwJh CNT qkdwmu Counter tvkyfukd vkyfygvkdY ckdif;wJh instruction &JU code letter jzpfygw,f/ C0 qkdwmu Counter eHygwfjzpfygw,f/ K5 u count vkyf&r,fh ta&twGuf? a&wGuf&r,fh digit jzpfygw,f/ wwd, instruction pmaMumif;rSm a&;xm;wmuawmh C0 = ON jzpfrS Y0 ukd ON vkdufyg vkdY ckdif;xm;wmjzpfygw,f/ atmufqHk;pmaMumif;rSm a&;xm;wJh END qkdwJh instruction code u ckdif;xm;wm NyD;NyDvkdY ajymwmjzpfygw,f/ ñTefMum;p&m 'gtukefyJvkdY ajymwmjzpfygw,f/ Scan wdkif;? Scan wkdif;rSm END qkdwmukd a&mufawmhrS aemufwqifhukd ajymif;NyD; PLC u aqmif&Gufwmjzpfygw,f/ Reset function udk a&;csif&if a&;r,fhae&mrSm Cursor cs? Enter ukd 1csuf acgufyg Æ RST vkdY ½kdufyg? Space jcm;NyD; Æ C0 vkdY ½kdufyg? [RST C0] vkdY ay:vmygvdrhfr,f/ Counter function udk a&;csif&if a&;r,fhae&mrSm Cursor cs? Enter ukd 1csuf acgufyg Æ CNT vkdY ½kdufyg Space jcm;NyD; Æ C0 vkdY ½kdufyg Space jcm;NyD; Æ K5 vkdY ½kdufyg/ Æ Enter 1csuf acgufvkduf&if atmufyHkrSmjyxm;wJhtwkdif; ay: vmygvdrhfr,f/
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
220
OD;pdk;wifh
yHkrSm yg&dSwJh
PLC
SV qkdwmu Set Value jzpfNyD; PV u Present Value jzpfygw,f/
vrf; nTef
'D
Counter
ukd Up Counter vkdY ac:ygw,f/ Counter eJY ywfoufNyD; aemufxyfodxm;&rSmu General Counter eJY Latched Counter qkdwmjzpfygw,f/ General Counter u PLC ukd RUN-to-STOP vkyfvkduf&if pkrdNyD;om; wefzkd; accumulated value tm;vHk; reset (clear) jzpfoGm;ygw,f/ PLC ukday;xm;wJh power jywfoGm;&ifvnf; accumulated value tm;vHk; reset jzpfoGm;ygw,f/ Count vkyfxm;orQ tm;vHk; oHknjzpfoGm; ygw,f/ Latched Counter Latched Counter trsdK;tpm;uawmh RUN-to-STOP yJ vkyfvkyf? Power yJ jywfjywf? accumulated value awGukd rSwfxm;NyD;om;twkdif; raysmufrysufatmif odrf;xm;ygw,f/ Power jyef&NyD; PLC udk RUN vkduf&if count vkyfNyD;om;wefzkd;uae a&SUqufwkd;NyD; count vkyfoGm;ygw,f/ Resume vkyfoGm;ygw,f/ Counter [m ON NyD;om;?jzpfae&ifvnf; PLC ukd STOP vkyfvkdufwJhtcg PLC &JU output tm;vHk;u OFF jzpfoGm;ayrJh ON jzpfNyD;om;? Latched Counter uawmh ON qufjzpfaeyg w,f/ PLC udk jyef RUN vkdufwJhtcg ON NyD;om;? Latched Counter eJY qufpyfywfoufwJh output awGvnf; ON jyefjzpfygw,f/ DVP-14SS2-11R2
xJrSm
C0
u
General Counter
jzpfNyD;?
C112
u
Latched Counter
jzpf
ygw,f/
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
221
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
atmufrSmjyxm;ovdk program udka&;NyD; prf;Munfhyg/
DVP-14SS2-11R2 rSm
yg&SdwJh
Counter trsdK;tpm;awGudk
atmufrSmaz:jyxm;ygw,f/
C0 to C111 eJY C128 to C199 wkdY[m 16-bit General Up Counter awG jzpfMuygw,f/ C112 to C127 txdu 16-bit Latched Up Counter awG jzpfMuygw,f/ C233 to C242 txd[m 32-bit Latched Up/Down Counter awG jzpfMuygw,f/ ¤if;wkdY[m 32-bit Software High-Speed Counter awG jzpfMuygw,f/ C243 to C254 txd[m 32-bit Latched Up/Down Counter awG jzpfMuygw,f/ ¤if;wkdY[m 32-bit Hardware High-Speed Counter awG jzpfMuygw,f/ 16-bit Counter awG&JU Set value ukd trsm;qHk;a&;EkdifwJh wefzkd;u 1 to 32767 jzpfygw,f/ 32-bit Up/Down Counter awG&JU Set value ukd -2,147,483,648 to +2,147,483,647 txd
a&;Ekdifygw,f/ “The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
222
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
Counter ukd count vkyfckdif;csifwJh wefzkd;u a&;vkdY&wJh SV wefzkd;xuf Counter 2ckukd yHkrSm jyxm;ovkd cascade vkyfNyD; a&;vkdY&ygw,f/
vrf; nTef
rsm;aer,f qkd&if
yHkrSm jyxm;wJh program twkdif;a&;xm;NyD;? Kn1 ukd K30000 vkdY a&;r,f? Kn2 ukd K20000 vkdY a&;cJhr,f qdk&if? pkpkaygif; Set value (SV) [m n1 x n2 = (30000 x 20000 = 600000000) jzpfoGm;ygw,f/ C5 [m n1 (i.e 30000) wefbkd;jynhfrS 1cg ON jzpfygw,f/ C5 = ON jzpfoGm;&if C6 ukd 1 digit count-up vkyfckdif;NyD;aemuf C5 ukd reset vkyfypfygw,f/ C6 u awmh X14 = ON jzpfrS reset jzpfygw,f/ Up/Down Counter DVP-14SS2-11R2 rSm Up/Dn Counter (C200 to C232) pkpkaygif;
33ck yg&Sdygw,f/
Up/Down Counter ukd toHk;jyKxm;wJh program ukd azmfjyxm;ygw,f/ C200 ukd Down Counter jzpfapcsif&if M1200 ukd ON xm;ay;&ygw,f/ M1200 = OFF jzpfae&if C200 [m Up Counter vkd count vkyfygw,f/ M1200 = ON jzpfaerS C200 [m Down Counter vkd count vkyfygw,f/ C200 to C232 txd counting direction (Up or Down) udk ajymif; csif&if M1200 to M1232 ukd oHk;&ygw,f/ C200 to C232 wkdY[m 32-bit Up-Down Counter awG jzpfwJhtwGuf DCNT qkdwJh instruction code ukd oHk;NyD; program ukd a&;& ygw,f/ DCNT qkdwm Double Word Counter vkdY t"dyÜg,f &SdwJh instruction code jzpfygw,f/
yHkrSm
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
223
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
Status-Time Diagram rSm azmfjyxm;wmu tu,fí C200 [m ON NyD;om;? jzpfae cJh&if PV = (-5) to (-6) ukd ajymif;rS C200 = OFF jzpfoGm;ygw,f/ Set Value (SV) ukd (-5) vkdY program rSm a&;xm;wmukd owdjyKyg/ yHkrSmygwJh PV u Present Value (Current Value)
jzpfygw,f/ PV = (-6) to (-5) increase
jzpfoGm;&if
C200 = ON
jzpfygw,f/
(-5)
u
(-6)
xufBuD; yg
w,f/ PV = (-5) to (-6) decrease jzpfoGm;rS C200 = OFF jzpfygw,f/
xJrSmygwJh Counter awGu 0 (zero) u pNyD; SV (Set Value) a&mufwJhtxd wkd;wufoGm;wmjzpfvkdY Incrementing Counter vkdY ac:ygw,f/ Omron PLC jzpfwJh CPM1A-20CDR xJrSm yg&SdwJh Counter awGu SV u pNyD; 0 (zero) a&mufwJhtxd usqif;oGm;wmjzpfvkdY Decrementing Counter vkdY ac:ygw,f/ Counter function udk a&;csif&if a&;r,fhae&mrSm Cursor cs? Æ Enter ukd 1csuf acgufyg Æ CNT vkdY ½kdufyg? Æ Space bar ukd 1csuf acgufyg Æ C0 vkdY ½kdufyg? Æ Space bar ukd 1csuf acgufyg? Æ K5 vkdY ½kdufyg/ Æ Enter 1csuf acgufvkduf&if atmufyHkrSmjyxm; wJhtwkdif; ay:vmygvdrhfr,f/ DVP-14SS2
K5 qkdwmu
udef;aowefzkd;
constant value ukd decimal number eJY
a&;wm jzpfygw,f/
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
224
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
Counter C0 ukd 10 cg count vkyfckdif; csif&if 10 “K” ukd toHk;jyKNyD; [CNT C0 K10] vkdY a&;&ygw,f/
cg ukd
decimal number eJY
vrf; nTef
a&;r,fqkd&if
wu,fvkdY [CNT C0 D2] vkdY a&;xm;cJh&ifawmh t"dyÜg,fu Counter C0 ukd count vkyfckdif;wJh ta&twGuf Set value (SV) uddk D2 xJrSm&SdwJh wefbkd;twkdif; a&wGufygvkdY ckdif;xm;wm jzpfygw,f/ D2 u udef;&Sifwefzkd; variable jzpfygw,f/ Data register ukd D eJY owfrSwfazmfjyygw,f/
DVP-14SS2-11R qkdwJh PLC xJrSm D0 to D999 bits &SdwJh Word Device jzpfygw,f/
txd yg&Sdygw,f/
Data register
[m
16
X10 = ON jzpfwJhtcg D2 xJudk 20 a&;xnfh
vdkufvdkY C0 &JU Set value [m 20 jzpfygw,f/ X20 = ON jzpfwJhtcg D2 xJudk 15 a&;xnfh vdkufvdkY C0 &JU Set value [m 15 jzpfygw,f/ D2 xJudk decimal value 15 a&;xnfhcdkif;wJh [MOV K15 D2] vdkY a&;csif&if? Æ Æ vdkY ½kdufyg/ “The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
225
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
tcef; (15) PLC xJu
vrf; nTef
Timer taMumif ;
PLC wkdif;rSm Internal Timer awG yg&SdMuygw,f/ Output terminal eJU qufoG,frIvHk;0 r&SdvdkU internal timer vdkU ac:wmjzpfygw,f/ Timer 2rsdK; 2pm;&Sdygw,f/ Non-retentive timer eJY Retentive timer wdkY jzpfMuygw,f/ DVP-14SS2-11R qkdwJh PLC xJrSm 2rsdK;pvHk;ygygw,f/ DVP-14SS-11R qkdwJh PLC xJrSmawmh non-retentive timer trsdK;tpm; 1 rsdK;om yg&Sd
ygw,f/ CPM1A-20CDR
qkdwJh Omron
PLC
xJrSmvnf;
non-retentive
trsdK;tpm; 1 rsdK;om
yg&Sd ygw,f/ Timer rSm tcsuftvuf parameter oHk;rsdK; &Sdygw,f/ 1/ Time base jzpfygw,f/ 1 digit ajymif;zdkY MumwJhtcsdefudk Time Base vdkY ac:yg w,f/ 2/ a&wGuf&r,fh tcsdefyrmPudk azmfjywJh Preset Value jzpfygw,f/ Set Value (SV) vdkYvnf; ac:ygw,f/ 3/ a&wGufNyD;om;wefzdk; accumulated value jzpfygw,f/ Current value vdkYvnf; ac:yg w,f/ vuf&Sdwefzdk; present value (PV) vdYkvnf; ac:ygw,f/ Timer &JU vkyfudkifaqmif&GufyHkudk erlem program awGa&;NyD; &Sif;jyxm;ygw,f/ program udk a&;xm;cJh&if TMR qdkwmu timer tvkyfudk vkyz f dkY cdkif;wJh timer function instruction code jzpfygw,f/ T0 qdkwmu timer &JU eHygwfjzpfygw,f/ K100 qdkwm u Set value (SV) jzpfygw,f/ PLC xJu timer udk tcsdefudka&wGufcdkif;wJhae&mrSm oHk;&ygw,f/ Time counting vkyfw,fvdkY ac:ygw,f/ K100 vdkY a&;xm;wmu tBudrf 100 txd a&wGufygvdkY 100 digits txd time counting vkyfcdkif;xm;wm jzpfygw,f/ tck program rSm X0 = ON jzpfrS T0 udk time counting vkyfyg? 100 digits txd counting vkyfyg? vdkY cdkif;xm;wm jzpfygw,f/ 1 digit ajymif;zdkYMumwJhtcsdefudk Time Base vdYk ac:ygw,f/ T0 &JU Time Base u 100ms jzpfygw,f/ X0 = ON jzpfwmeJY T0 [m K0 upNyD; K1, K2, K3, --- pojzifh wdk;wdk;NyD; count vkyfoGm;ygw,f/ Set value jzpfwJY K100 a&mufawmhrS T0 [m ON jzpfoGm;ygw,f/ K1 to K2, K2 to K3, - - - , K99 to K100 tJ'Dvdkajymif;zdkY digit 1ckcsif;pDtwGuf MumwJhtcsdefudk Time Base vdkY ac:wmjzpfygw,f/ T0 &JU Time Base [m 100ms (100 rDvDpuúefY) jzpfyg w,f/ 'gaMumifh [TMR T0 K100] vdkY a&;xm;wm[m T0 udk 100ms aygif; 100 txd
yHkrSmvdk
a&wGufygvdkY cdkif;xm;wmjzpfygw,f/ “The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
226
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
vdkY a&;xm;wJhtwGuf T0 a&wGuf&rJh ta&twGufu 100 jzpfygw,f/ 1ck a&wGufwdkif; MumwJhtcsdef Time Base u 100ms jzpfvdkY K100 qdkawmh pkpkaygif;a&wGufNyD;zdkY Mumr,fhtcsdefu (Set Value x Time Base) = (K100 x 100ms) = 10000ms jzpfygw,f/ 1000ms = 1s jzpfygw,f/ 'gaMumifh 10000ms = 10s = 10 puúefY jzpfygw,f/ 'gaMumifh X0 = ON jzpfaewm 10s Mum&if T0 = ON jzpfoGm;ygw,f/ X0 = ON jzpfaewJhtcsdef[m 10s xd rMumbJ? 5s MumwJYtcg X0 = OFF jzpfoGm;&if T0 [m ON rjzpf&ao;cif &yfwhHoGm;ygw,f/ Count vkyfNyD;om; 5s (K50) udkvnf; cancel vkyf y,fzsufvdkufygw,f/ tJ'Dvdk cancel vkyfwmudk time accumulated value udk reset to zero vkyfw,fvdkY ajymqdkMuygw,f/ aemuf 1Budrf X0 = ON jyefjzpfwJhtcg T0 [m zero (K0) u jyefp NyD; time counting vkyfygw,f/ 'D program rSm X0 = OFF jzpfwdkif; T0 [m reset jzpfygw,f/ 'Dvdk timer rsdK;udk Non-retentive timer vdkY ac:ygw,f/ 'D program udk IF [(X0 = ON)] THEN [(TMR T0 K100)] 'Dvdk jrifMunfhr,fqdk&if t"dyÜg,fu [tu,fí X0 [m ON jzpfcJh&if Timer number 0 udk 100 txd count vkyfyg] vdkY ckdif;wm jzpfygw,f/ ydk&Sif;atmif ajym&&if “X0 = ON jzpfrS T0 udk time counting vkyfyg” vdkY cdkif;wmjzpfvdkY “X0 = OFF jzpf&if T0 udk time counting rvkyfygeJY” vdkY cdkif;ap&mvnf; a&mufygw,f/ 'D program rSm X0 udk T0 time counting vkyfzdkY owfrSwfay;xm;wJh tajctae executing condition vdkY ac:ygw,f/ X0 = ON jzpfrS T0 udk tvkyfvkyfckdif;xm;wm jzpfyg w,f/ X0 = OFF jzpfoGm;&if T0 [m olvkyfaewJhtvkyfudk &yfqdkif;vdkufygw,f/ &yfqdkif;½Hk wifrubJ vkyfNyD;om; tvkyfawGudkyg cancel vkyf y,fzsufvkdufygw,f/ vkyfNyD;om; tvkyf awGudk xdef;odrf;rxm;wJh twGuf Non-retentive vdkY ac:wmjzpfygw,f/ K100
#1 #2
&r,fY
Timer Program Status-Time Diagram yHkrSm Status-Time Diagram eJY 'Doabmudk ay:vGifatmif azmfjyxm;ygw,f/ yHkrSm PV qdkwm vuf&Sdwefbdk; Present Value jzpfygw,f/ yHkrSm SV qdkwm wefbdk; Set Value jzpfygw,f/
a&wGuf
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
227
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
'D
program udk a&;csif&if? acgufNyD; LD vdkY ½dkuf? 1csuf acguf? X0 vdkY ½dkufyg/ Æ acgufyg/ Æ NyD;&if TMR vdkY ½dkuf? Æ 1csuf acguf? Æ T0 vdkY ½dkuf? Æ 1csuf acguf? Æ K100 vdkY ½dkufxnfhNyD; Æ acgufyg/ #1
a&;xm;wJh program #1 &JU t"dyÜg,fu X0 = ON jzpfrS T0 udk time counting vkyfygvdkY cdkif;xm;ygw,f/ tcsdefa&wGufNyD;om;*Pef; time counted value 100 jynfhrS T0 udk ON vdkufygvdkY cdkif;xm;wm jzpfygw,f/ #2 Program
&JU 'kwd,pmaMumif; #2 udk a&;csif&if? acgufNyD; LD vdkY ½dkuf? 1csuf acguf? T0 vdkY ½dkufyg/ Æ acgufyg/ Æ NyD;&if OUT vdkY ½dkuf? Æ 1csuf acguf? Æ Y0 vdkY ½dkufNyD; Æ acgufyg/ WPLSoft rSm PLC type udk SS2 vdkY a&G;NyD; 'D program udk a&;yg/ Æ Simulator udk ON NyD; Æ Write to PLC vkyfyg/ Æ Online mode udk ON yg/ Æ X0 ay: Cursor csNyD; Æ right click ESdyf Æ Set On vkyfyg/ 'DtcgrSm [TMR T0 K100] &JU tay:rSm K0 uae K100 txd *Pef;awG ajymif;ae wmudk awGU&ygvdrfhr,f/ K0 rSmyJ &yfae&if Task Bar rSm RUN qdkwJh tpdrf;a&mifpmvHk;&Sd? r&Sd? udk Munfhyg/ STOP qdkwJh teDa&mifpmvHk;? ay:ae&if PLC udk RUN vkdufyg/ RUN qdkwJh tpdrf;a&mifpmvHk;? ay:aeygvsufeJY K0 rSmyJ &yfwHhae&if Write to PLC xyfvkyfyg/ tcka&;jywJh tqifhawGudk rvkyfwwf&if pmrsufESm (137) uae (148) txd jyefzwf Munfhyg/ yHkawGeJY &Sif;jyxm;ygw,f/ teDa&mif K0 uae K100 jzpfoGm;wJhtcg T0 = ON jzpfoGm;ygw,f/ Time counting vkyfcdkif;wJh ta&twGuf (K100) jynfhoGm;vdkY Timer ON oGm;wmjzpfygw,f/ 'DtcsdefrSm X0 [m ON yJ qufjzpfaeayrJh time counting vkyfwmuawmh K100 rSmyJ &yfaeygw,f/ teDa&mif K100 qdkwmu accumulated value a&wGufNyD;om;wefbdk; time counted value jzpfygw,f/ X0 udk Set Off vkyfNyD;? aemufwpfcg Set On vkyfMunfhyg/ 'Dwpfcgawmh 100 rjynfhcif 5s avmuftMumrSm X0 udk Set Off jyefvkyfvdkufyg/ Accumulated value awG 0 (zero) jzpfoGm;wmudk awGU&ygvdrfhr,f/ 'g[m Non-Retentive Timer &JU obm0 trltusifh jzpfygw,f/ T0 [m Non-retentive timer trsdK;tpm; jzpfyg w,f/ T0 tpm; T250 udk ajymif;a&;NyD; prf;Munfhyg/ pmrsufESm 230 rSm yHkawGeJY &Sif;jyxm;yg w,f/ “The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
228
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
'D program &JU 'kwd,pmaMumif;udk IF [(T0 = ON)] THEN [(Y0 to be ON)] vdkY a&;xm; wm jzpfygw,f/ t"dyÜg,fu T0 = ON jzpfrS Y0 = ON jzpfatmifvkyfygvdkY cdkif;wmjzpfygw,f/ DVP-14SS2-11R rSm WPLSoft eJY [TMR T0 K100] vdkY a&;wmudk CPM1A-20CDR rSm CX-Programmer eJY a&;r,f qdk&if [TIM 000 #100] vdkY a&;&ygw,f/ CPM1A rSm time counting vkyfwmu #100 vdkY a&;xm;&if 100, 99, 98, - - -, 1, 0. 'Dvdk avsmhusoGm;NyD; 0 a&mufrS Timer TIM 000 [m ON jzpfygw,f/ Decrementing Timer vdkY ac:ygw,f/ DVP-14SS2 xJrSm yg&SdwJh Timer awGu Incrementing Timer awG jzpfMuyg w,f/ PLC xJ u Timer awG e J Y ywf o uf N yD ; od x m;&rJ h tcsuf a wG u awmh (1) Retentive Timer eJY Non-retentive Timer udk cGJjcm;NyD; odxm;&ygr,f/ (2) Timer Number eJY Time Base udk wGJNyD; odxm;&ygr,f/ (3) Timer Function Code udk odxm;&ygr,f/ (4) Set Value eJY Accumulated Value udk tquftpyfeJYwuG odxm;&ygr,f/
'Dvdk em;vnfzdkY Delta Elecronics, Ltd. u xkwfwJh DVP-14SS2-11R qdkwJh PLC udk tajcjyKNyD; a&;om;azmfjyxm;ygw,f/ SS2 xJrSm Timer b,fESpfrsdK; ygovJqdkwm od& atmif OEM &JU Programming Manual xJu Memory Map udk atmufrSm azmfjyxm; yg w,f/
tJ'DrSm awGU&wmu T0 to T126 txdeJY? T128 to T183 txdu awG jzpfMuNyD; olwdkY&JU Time Base u 100ms jzpfygw,f/
Non-retentive Timer
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
229
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
SS2 rSm xl;jcm;wmu T64 to T126 udk 'Dtwdkif;oHk;&if olY&JU time base u 100ms jzpfNyD;? M1028 udk ON xm;NyD;rS oHk;&if olU&JU time base u 10ms jzpfygw,f/ M1028 [m special bit jzpfygw,f/ T200 to T245 udk 'Dtwdkif;oHk;&if olY&JU time base u 10ms jzpfNyD;? M1038 udk ON xm;NyD;rS oHk;&if olU&JU time base u 1ms jzpfygw,f/ M1038 vnf; special bit yJjzpfygw,f/ Special bit qdkwm special code vkyfxm;wJh bit jzpfygw,f/ Retentive Timer awGxJrSm T240 to T245 txdu time base = 10ms jzpfNyD;? T246 to T249 txdu time base = 1ms trsdK;tpm;jzpfygw,f/ T250 to T255 txdu time base = 100ms jzpfygw,f/ DVP-14SS2-11R2 Time Base Non-Retentive Timer Retentive Timer T0 to T126, 100ms T250 to T255 T128 to T183 T200 to T239 10ms T240 to T245 T64 to T126 When M1028 = ON T127 T246 to T249 1ms T200 to T239 T240 to T245 When M1038 = ON When M1038 = ON
Oyrm – Delta tpm; jzpfygw,f/
yHkrSm &Sif;atmif trsdK;tpm;cGJjyxm;ygw,f/ PLC DVP-14SS2-11R2 rSm yg&SdwJh T250 [m
Retentive Timer
trsdK;
#1 #2
yHkrSm
Retentive Timer tvkyfvkyfyHkudk
azmfjyxm;ygw,f/
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
230
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
yHkrSmjyxm;wJhtwdkif; program udk a&;xm;&if X0 = ON jzpfwmeJU T250 [m time counting pwifvkyfygw,f/ X0 = OFF jzpfoGm;&if T250 [m time counting vkyfwm &yfqdkif; vdkufayrJU Timer reset rjzpfygbl;/ X0 = OFF jzpfoGm;wJhtcsdefrSm &SdaewJh current value (accumulated value) udk Latch vkyfxm;ygw,f/ xdef;xm;ygw,f/ aemufwpfBudrf X0 = ON jyefjzpfwJhtcg tJ'D time counting vkyfNyD;om;ae&muae a&SUudk time counting qufNyD; vkyfoGm; ygw,f/ Resume vkyfwJhoabm jzpfygw,f/ qdkvdkwmu X0 [m ON jzpfNyD; 5s tMumrSm OFF jzpfoGm;cJh&if accumulated value [m 50 jzpfaeNyD; tJ'gudk xdef;xm; ygw,f/ aemufwpfBudrf X0 jyefNyD; ON jzpfwJhtcg tJ'D 50 u pNyD;? a&SUquf time counting vkyfoGm; ygw,f/ X0 2cg ON wJh pkpkaygif;tcsdef 10s jynfh oGm;&if? accumulated value vnf; 100 jynfh? T250 vnf; ON wpfNydKifwnf; jzpfygw,f/ T250 = ON jzpfNyD;rS X0 = OFF jzpfoGm;&ifvnf; T250 [m ON qufjzpfaeygw,f/ PLC &JU supply power jywfawmufoGm;&ifvnf; Timer reset rjzpfygbl;/ PLC udk RUN xm;&m uae STOP vkyfvkduf&ifvnf; Timer reset rjzpfygbl;/ Y0 om OFF jzpfygw,f/ 'gaMumifh Retentive Timer udk toHk;jyKcJh&if RST qdkwJh reset vkyfcdkif;wJh instruction code udk xnfhoHk;NyD; program udk a&;&ygw,f/
program rSm a&;xm;wmu IF [(X0 is ON)] THEN [TMR T250 K100] vdkY jzpfyg X0 = ON jzpfrS T250 udk 100 txd time count vkyfygvdkY cdkif;xm;wm jzpfygw,f/
'D w,f/
X0 = ON jzpfawmhrS T250 [m time counting p vkyNf yD; 10s Mum&if T250 = ON jzpf oGm;ygw,f/ T250 = ON jzpfzdkYtwGuf 10s ausmfMumatmif X0 = ON jzpfaezdkYawmh vdkyg
w,f/ atmufpmaMumif;rSm a&;xm;wmu IF [(T250 is ON)] THEN [(Y0 to be ON)] vdkY jzpfygw,f/ T250 = ON jzpfrS Y0 udk ON vkdufygvdkY cdkif;xm;wm jzpfygw,f/ T250 = ON jzpfNyD;wJhtcsdefrSm X0 = OFF jzpfoGm;&ifvnf; T250 uawmh qufNyD; ON jzpfaeygw,f/ T250 udk OFF jzpfzdkYtwGuf RST qdkwJh instruction code udk oHk;NyD; reset vkyf ay;&ygw,f/ yHkrSm X1 = ON jzpfrSom T250 reset jzpfNyD; T250 = OFF jzpfygw,f/ T250 reset jzpfoGm;rS accumulated value vnf; 0 (zero) jzpfoGm;ygw,f/ “The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
231
OD;pdk;wifh
vrf; nTef
PLC
atmufrSm toHk;0ifwJh erlem Timer program awGa&;NyD; &Sif;jyxm;ygw,f/ tJ'gawGuawmh (1) ON-delay Timer Function qdkwmu Input = ON jzpfwJh tcg Output u csufcsif; ON rjzpf ao;bJeJY owfrSwf On-delay
OUT
xm;wJh tcsdefjynfhrS ON jzpfwmudk ac:ygw,f/ ON-delay Timer Program X0 = ON jzpfNyD; 10s aESmifYaES; MuefYMumrI delay jzpfNyD;rS Y0 = ON jzpf vdkY ON-delay Timer vdkY ac:wm jzpfygw,f/
ON-delay Non-retentive Timer Time Chart
(2) OFF-delay Timer Function OFF-delay qdkwmu Input = ON jzpfwJh tcg Output u csuf csif; ON jzpfygw,f/ Input = OFF jzpfoGm;
OUT
wJh tcg Output u ON jzpfNyD;usefcJhygw,f/ owfrSwfxm;wJhtcsdef set value jynfhawmhrS OFF jzpfoGm;wmudk OFF-delay vdkU ac:wmjzpfygw,f/
rSmawmh Output u
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
232
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
OFF-delay Timer Program
jzpf&if Y0 u csufcsif; aESmifhaES; MuefYMumrI delay jzpfNyD;rS Y0 = jzpfygw,f/ X0 = ON
ON jzpfygw,f/ X0 = OFF jzpf&ifawmh 5s OFF jzpfvdkY OFF-delay Timer vdkY ac:wm
(3) ON/OFF-delay Timer Function ON
qdkwmu Input = ON jzpfwJhtcgrSm Output ON OUT u aESmifhaES; MuefYMumrI delay OFF jzpfNyD;rS ON jzpfygw,f/ Input = OFF jzpfoGm;&ifvnf; Output u csufcsif; OFF rjzpfbJ delay jzpfNyD;rS OFF jzpfygw,f/ IN
ON/OFF-delay
OFF
ON/OFF-delay Timer Program
ON/OFF-delay Status-Time Diagram
yHkrSmtJ'Dvdkjzpfatmif T5 eJY T6 udk oHk;NyD; program a&;jyxm;ygw,f/ X0 = ON jzpfNyD; 5s aESmifhaES; MuefYMumrI delay jzpfNyD;rS Y4 = ON jzpfygw,f/ X0 = OFF jzpfNyD; aESmifhaES; MuefYMumrI delay 3s jzpfNyD;rS Y4 = OFF jzpfygw,f/ tJ'gudk ON/OFF-delay Timer vdkU ac:wm jzpfygw,f/ ON-delay/OFF-delay Timer vdkYvnf; ac:ygw,f/ T6 = ON jzpfaewJh umv[m tvGefwdkygw,f/ T6 [m 1 scan time yJ Mumjrifhatmif ON jzpfaeNyD; Reset jyefjzpf oGm;ygw,f/ 'gaMumifh T6 = ON jzpfwJh taxmuftxm;udk “The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
233
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
omrefrsufpdeJY rjrif? rawGUEdkifygbl;/ Y4 = OFF jzpfoGm;wmudk taMumif;jyKNyD;awmhom T6 [m ON jzpfcJhw,fqdkwmudk odEdkifygw,f/ 'D program rSm Y4 udk ON cdkif;wmu T5 eJY jzpfygw,f/ Y4 udk OFF cdkif;wmu T6 eJY jzpfygw,f/ Start/Stop program yHkpHyJ jzpfygw,f/ Y4 = ON jzpfaewHk; X0 = OFF jzpfoGm;rS T6 [m time counting p vkyfygw,f/ Set value K30 (3s) jynfhoGm;rS T6 = ON jzpfoGm;yg w,f/ Next Scan a&mufrS Y4 = OFF jzpfoGm;ygw,f/ Y4 = OFF jzpfwmeJY wNydKifeuf T6 vnf; OFF jyefjzpfoGm;ygw,f/ 'gaMumifh Status-Time Diagram rSm T6 = ON jzpfwJhumvudk ∆T eJY azmfjyxm;wm jzpfygw,f/ ∆T u 1 scan time udk ajymwm jzpfygw,f/ 'D program udk a&;NyD; prf;Munfh&if 1 scan time [m 0.3ms yJ Mumygw,f/ (4) Single Pulse Output (Single Shot Timer) Function [m ON jzpfNyD;quf ON jzpf ae&ifvnf; Output u 1 csufyJ ON jzpfwmrsdK;udk Single pulse output vdkY ac:ygw,f/ Input
ON
IN
OFF ON
OUT
OFF
Single Pulse Output Time Chart
Single Pulse Output Program X0 = ON jzpf&if Y0 = ON jzpfygw,f/ Y0 = ON jzpfNyD; 5s MumwhJtcg X0 u qufNyD; ON jzpfaeayrhJ Y0 u OFF jzpf oGm;vdkU Single Pulse Output vdkU ac:wm jzpfyg w,f/ Single Shot Timer vdkUvnf; ac:ygw,f/
(5) Delayed Single Pulse Output Function [m ON jzpfNyD;? quf ON jzpf ae&ifvnf; Output u Delayed jzpfNyD;rS 1csufyJ ON jzpfwmrsdK;udk Delayed Single pulse output vdkY ac:ygw,f/ Input
ON
IN
OFF
OUT
ON OFF
Delayed Single Pulse Output Time Chart “The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
234
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
Delayed Single Pulse Output Program X0 = ON jzpfNyD; 3s aESmifhaES;MuefUMumrI delay jzpfNyD;rS Y0 = ON jzpfygw,f/ Y0 = ON jzpfNyD; 2s MumwhJtcgrSm X0 u quf NyD; ON jzpfaeayrhJ Y0 u OFF jzpf oGm;vdkU Delayed Single Pulse Output vdkU ac:wm jzpfygw,f/ Delayed Single Shot Timer vdkUvnf; ac:yg
w,f/ (6)
Pulse Train Output Function (Flashing Output)
Pulse Train Output Program
Pulse Train Output Status-Time Diagram
Pulse Train Output qdkwmu Input = ON jzpfwmeJY Output u ON vdkuf? OFF vdkuf? jzpfaeygw,f/ ON-time eJY OFF-time udk rdrd&JU vdktyfcsuftwdkif; owfrSwfay;xm;vdkY &ygw,f/ yHkrSm Kn1 eJY Kn2 qdkwm ON-time eJY OFF-time udk owfrSwfwJh wefzdk;t&Sif variable awG jzpfMuygw,f/ n1 udk 20 xm;NyD; n2 udk 30 vdkY owfrSwfNyD;a&;cJh&if Kn1=K20 jzpfNyD;? ON time = 2s, Kn2=K30 jzpfNyD;? OFF time = 3s jzpfygw,f/ X0 u ON jzpfNyD;? T2 u OFF jzpfcJh&if T1 [m time counting pwif vkyfygw,f/ Set value Kn1 jynfhoGm;rS T1 = ON jzpfoGm;ygw,f/ T1 = ON jzpf&if T2 [m time counting pwif vkyfNyD; Set value Kn2 jynfhoGm;rS T2 = ON jzpfoGm;ygw,f/ T2 = ON jzpf&if T1 [m reset (T1 = OFF) jzpfoGm;ygw,f/ T1 = OFF jzpf&if? T2 vnf; reset (T2 = OFF) jzpfoGm;yg w,f/ X0 = ON jzpfNyD;? T1 = OFF jzpf&if Y1 [m ON jzpfygw,f/ X0 = ON jzpfNyD; T1 = ON jzpf&if Y1 [m OFF jzpfoGm;ygw,f/ X0 u qufNyD; ON jzpfae&if (Kn1 x 100ms) Mumatmif Y0 = ON jzpfvdkuf (Kn2 x 100ms) Mumatmif Y0 = OFF jzpfvdkuf qufcg? qufcg? jzpfaeygw,f/ wu,fvdkU Kn1 u K20 jzpfNyD;? Kn2 u K30 jzpfchJ&if? (K20 x 100ms = 2000ms) 2s Mumatmif Y0 = ON jzpfvdkuf? (K30 x 100ms = 3000ms) 3s Mumatmif? Y0 = OFF jzpfvdkuf xyfcg? xyfcg? qufwdkuf? jzpfaeygw,f/ 'Dvdkqufwdkuf? ON/OFF jzpfaevdkU Pulse Train Output vdkU
ac:wm jzpfygw,f/ “The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
235
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
(7) Timing Extension Timing Extension qdkwmu Set value &JU tuefYtowf limit xuf ydkMumwJh tcsdefudk time counting vkyfckdif;csif&if Timer awGudk cascade csdwfqufNyD; time counting vkyfckdif; wmudk timing extension vdkU ac:wmjzpfygw,f/
Timer &JU Set value [m tuefYtowf&Sd ygw,f/ DVP-14SS2-11R2 qdkwJh PLC rSm Set Value udk K1 to K32767 txdyJ a&;vdkY &ygw,f/ 100ms time base &SdwJh T0 udk oHk;r,fqdk&if 3276.7s (54minutes and 36.7seconds) txdom time counting vkyfckdif;vdkY &ygw,f/ tJ'Dxuf ydkMumwJh tcsdefudk time counting vkyfckdif;csif&if Timer awGudk cascade csdwfquf
NyD; oHk;&ygw,f/ Oyrm X0
= ON jzpfNyD; 1 Kn1 = 30000, Kn2 = 12000, xm;NyD;
em&D 10 rdepfMumrS
IF [(X0 = ON)] THEN [TMR T11 K30000]
eJY
Output Y1
udk
ON
jzpfapcsif&if
IF [(T11 = ON)] THEN [TMR T12 K12000]
vdkY
a&;&ygw,f/ u 3000s = 50 minutes jzpfygw,f/ K12000 u 1200s = 20 minutes jzpfyg w,f/ pkpkaygif; MumjrifhwJh tcsdefumv [m (n1 = 50 minutes) + (n2 = 20 minutes) jzpfwJh twGuf 1Hr 10Min jzpfoGm;ygw,f/ Programa&;enf;? prf;Munfhenf;udk pmrsufESm (137) rSm tao;pdyf azmfjyxm;yg w,f/ Timer awG[m 16 bits &SdwJh Word Device awGjzpfMuygw,f/ Timer &JU Set Value udk K100 vdkY a&;xm;&if 100 vdkY decimal value eJU a&;xm;wmjzpfNyD; 100 txd time counting vkyfckdif;wm jzpfygw,f/ K30000
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
236
OD;pdk;wifh
PLC
vrf; nTef
tcef; (16) Program Summary #1
vkdY a&;xm;cJh&if X0 = ON jzpfrS Y0 = ON jzpfygw,f/ X0 = OFF jzpf&if Y0 = OFF jzpfygw,f/ tJY'Dvkd a&;csif&if? Enter Æ LD X0 Æ Enter Æ OUT Y0 Æ Enter ESdyf yg/ #2
vkdY a&;xm;cJh&if X1 = OFF jzpfrS Y1 = ON jzpfygw,f/ X0 = ON jzpf&if Y1 = OFF jzpfygw,f/ tJY'Dvkd a&;csif&if? Enter Æ LDI X1 Æ Enter Æ OUT Y1 Æ Enter ESdyf yg/
eJY
wkdY[m Input Instruction awG jzpfMuygw,f/ eJY
wkdY[m Output Instruction awG jzpfMuygw,f/ Input Instruction awGukd Examining Instruction vkdY ac:ygw,f/ Output Instruction awGukd Executing Instruction vkdY ac:ygw,f/ [m X0 = ON jzpf&if
True jzpfNyD; X0 = OFF jzpf&if False jzpfygw,f/
[m X1 = OFF jzpf&if True jzpfNyD; X1 = ON jzpf&if False jzpfygw,f/ Input Instruction u True jzpfrS Output Instruction ukd Execute vkyfygw,f/
Oyrm? #3
vkdY a&;xm;cJh&if X0 = ON jzpfrS Timer T0 ukd execute vkyNf yD; time counted value = 50 jzpfoGm;rS T0 = ON jzpfygw,f/ tJY'Dvkd a&;csif&if? Enter Æ LD X0 Æ Enter Æ TMR T0 K50 Æ Enter ESdyf yg/
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#4
vkdY a&;xm;cJh&if X1 = OFF jzpfrS Timer T0 ukd execute vkyfNyD; time counted value = 50 jzpfoGm;rS T0 = ON jzpfygw,f/ tJY'Dvkd a&;csif&if? Enter Æ LDI X1 Æ Enter Æ TMR T0 K50 Æ Enter ESdyf yg/ #5 X1 = ON to OFF 1cg jzpfwkdif; counter C0 u 1 digit count up vkyfNyD; counted value = 10 jzpfoGm;rS C0 = ON jzpfygw,f/ tJY'Dvkd a&;csif&if? Enter Æ LDI X1 Æ Enter Æ CNT C0 K10 Æ Enter ESdyf yg/
vkdY a&;xm;cJh&if
#6
vkdY a&;xm;&if X2 = ON jzpfaeoa&GU? scan wkdif;? scan wkdif;? C1 &JU set value (SV) xJukd K20 a&;xnfhay;aeygw,f/ tJY'Dvkd a&;csif&if? Enter Æ LD X2 Æ Enter Æ MOV K20 C1 Æ Enter ESdyf yg/
#7
vkdY a&;xm;cJh&ifawmh X2 = OFF to ON jzpfwdkif; C1 &JU set value (SV) xJukd K20 a&;xnfhay;ygw,f/ tJY'Dvkd a&;csif&if? Enter Æ LDP X2 Æ Enter Æ MOV K20 C1 Æ Enter ESdyf yg/ #8
vkdY a&;xm;cJh&ifawmh X2 = ON to OFF jzpfrS C1 &JU set value (SV) xJukd K20 a&; xnfhay;ygw,f/ tJY'Dvkd a&;csif&if? Enter Æ LDF X2 Æ Enter Æ MOV K20 C1 Æ Enter ESdyf yg/ #9
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
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vkdY a&;xm;cJh&if X0 = OFF to ON 1cg jzpfwdkif; D0 xJudk 1 wdk;rSwfNyD;? X1 = OFF to ON 1cg jzpfwdkif;? D0 xJu 1 avsmhrSwfygw,f/ D0 xJu wefzdk; eJU 12 eJU nDrS Y0 = ON jzpfygw,f/ D0 xJu wefzdk; eJU 15 eJU nDrS Y1 = ON jzpfygw,f/ tJY'Dvkd a&;csif&if? Enter Æ LDP X0 Æ Enter Æ INC D0 Æ Enter Æ LDP X1 Æ Enter Æ DEC D0 Æ Enter Æ LD= D0 K12 Æ Enter Æ OUT Y0 Æ Enter Æ LD= D0 K15 Æ Enter Æ OUT Y1 Æ Enter ESdyf yg/
#10
vkdY a&;xm;cJh&if D0 xJu wefzdk; value [m 5 eJU nDrS Y0 = ON jzpfygw,f/ tJY'Dvkd a&;csif&if? Enter Æ LD= D0 K5 Æ Enter Æ OUT Y0 Æ Enter ESdyf yg/ #11
vkdY a&;xm;cJh&ifawmh D0 xJu wefzdk;u 5 xufBuD;rS Y0 = ON jzpfygw,f/ tJY'Dvkd a&;csif&if? Enter Æ LD> D0 K5 Æ Enter Æ OUT Y0 Æ Enter ESdyf yg/ #12
vkdY a&;xm;cJh&ifawmh D0 xJu wefzdk;u 5 xufi,frS Y0 = ON jzpfygw,f/ tJY'Dvkd a&;csif&if? Enter Æ LD< D0 K5 Æ Enter Æ OUT Y0 Æ Enter ESdyf yg/
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
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#13
tJY'Dvkd a&;csif&if? Enter Æ LD X0 Æ Enter Æ CMP K7 C0 Y0 Æ Enter ESdyf yg/ X0 = ON jzpfae&if 7 eJY? counter C0 xJu count vkyfNyD;om;wefzdk; counted value eJY? ukd scan wkdif;? EdIif;,SOfrI compare vkyfNyD;? C0 xJu count vkyfNyD;om;wefzdk;xuf 7 u BuD;&if Y0 = ON jzpfygw,f/ C0 xJu count vkyfNyD;om;wefzdk;eJY? 7 eJY? nD&if Y1 = ON jzpfygw,f/ C0 xJu count vkyfNyD;om;wefzdk;xuf 7 u i,f&if Y2 = ON jzpfygw,f/
'Dvkd a&;xm;&if? S 1 (Source 1) xJuwefzdk; eJY? S 2 (Source 2) xJuwefzdk; wkdYukd EdIif;,SOfvkdY&wJh Result uawmY? yHkrSmjyxm;wJhtwkdif;? S 1 u BuD;&if D (Destination) u ON jzpfNyD;? S 1 eJY S 2 nD&if D+1 u ON jzpfygw,f/ S 1 u i,f&if D+2 u ON jzpfygw,f/ #14
vkdY a&;xm;cJh&if X0 = OFF to ON jzpfrS first scan om M0 = ON jzpfygw,f/ aemufwenf;ajym&&if X0 = OFF to ON jzpfaeckduf rSmom M0 = ON jzpfygw,f/ tJY'Dvkd a&;csif&if? Enter Æ LD X0 Æ Enter Æ PLS M0 Æ Enter ESdyf yg/ #15
vkdY a&;xm;cJh&if X0 = ON jzpfygw,f/ aemufwenf;ajym&&if jzpfygw,f/
to OFF jzpfrS M0 u one scan time Mumatmif ON X0 = ON to OFF jzpfaeckduf rSmom M0 = ON
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#16
vkdY a&;xm;cJh&if X0 = ON to OFF jzpfrS one scan time Mumatmif M0 = ON jzpfyg w,f/ aemufwenf;ajym&&if X0 = ON to OFF jzpfaeckduf rSmom M0 = ON jzpfygw,f/ tJY'Dvkd a&;csif&if? Enter Æ LD X0 Æ Enter Æ PLF M0 Æ Enter ESdyf yg/ #17
vkdY a&;xm;cJh&if X0 = OFF to ON jzpfrS one scan rQom M0 = ON jzpfygw,f/ aemufwenf;ajym&&if X0 = OFF to ON jzpfaeckduf rSmom M0 = ON jzpfygw,f/ tJY'Dvkd a&;csif&if? Enter Æ LDI X0 Æ Enter Æ PLF M0 Æ Enter ESdyf yg/ #18
vkdY a&;xm;cJh&if X0 = OFF to ON jzpfaeckduf one scan rQom Y10 = ON jzpfygw,f/ tJY'Dvkd a&;csif&if? Enter Æ LDP X0 Æ Enter Æ OUT Y10 Æ Enter ESdyf yg/ #19
vkdY a&;xm;cJh&if X0 = OFF to ON jzpfrS one scan rQom Y10 = tJY'Dvkd a&;csif&if? Enter Æ LD X0 Æ Enter Æ PLS Y10 Æ Enter ESdyf yg/
Program #17, #18 eJY #19 wdkY&JU result u
ON
jzpfygw,f/
twlwlyJjzpfygw,f/
#20
vkdY a&;xm;cJh&if X1 = ON to OFF jzpfrS one scan rQom M1 = ON jzpfygw,f/ tJY'Dvkd a&;csif&if? Enter Æ LDF X1 Æ Enter Æ OUT M1 Æ Enter ESdyf yg/ #21
vkdY a&;xm;cJh&if X1 = ON to OFF jzpfrS one scan rQom M1 tJY'Dvkd a&;csif&if? Enter Æ LD X1 Æ Enter Æ PLF M1 Æ Enter ESdyf yg/
= ON
jzpfygw,f/
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Program #20 eJY #21 &JU result u
PLC
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twlwlyJjzpfygw,f/
#22 #23 #24
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yHkrSmjyxm;ovdk program ukd a&;xm;cJh&if #22Æ X0 = OFF to ON jzpfNyD; first scan rSmom Y10 = ON jzpfygw,f/ #23Æ X1 vnf; ON jzpfae&r,f/ X2 vnf; OFF to ON jzpf&r,f/ tJ'DESpfrsdK; NydKifwl jzpfaeckduf rSmom Y11 = ON jzpfygw,f/ #24Æ (X3 or X4) = OFF to ON jzpfaeckduf rSmom Y12 = ON jzpfygw,f/ #25
tJ'Dvkd a&;csif&if? Enter Æ LDP X0 Æ Enter Æ ALT Y10 Æ Enter ESdyf yg/
ALT qdkwm &SdNyD;om; tajctaeudkajymif;jyef vkyfwm alternate state Examining condition = True jzpfwdkif; ALT udk execute vkyfygw,f/
jzpfygw,f/
#26 #27
vkdY a&;xm;cJh&if #26Æ X0 = OFF to ON jzpfrS Y10 = ON jzpfwm one scan rQom Mumygw,f/ #27Æ X1 = ON to OFF jzpfrS Y11 = ON jzpfwm one scan rQom Mumygw,f/
Input Instruction = False to True jzpf a eck d u f
rSmom PLS ukd execute vkyfygw,f/ Input Instruction = True to False jzpf a eck d u f rS m om PLF uk d execute vk y f y gw,f / “The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
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#28 Operation is as follows with a program like the one shown above.
Program ukd #28 rSm jyxm;ovdk a&;cJh&if? X0 wpfckwnf; OFF to ON jzpfrSom Y0 u 1scan time Mumatmif ON jzpfygw,f/ X1 wpfckwnf; OFF to ON jzpf&ifvnf; Y0 u 1scan time Mumatmif ON jzpfygw,f/ 'gayrJh X0 = ON jzpfaecsdefrSm X1 = OFF to ON jzpf&if? Y0 u 1scan time Mumatmif ON rjzpfawmhygbl;/ X1 = ON jzpfaecsdefrSm X0 = OFF to ON jzpf&ifvnf;? Y0 u 1scan time Mumatmif ON rjzpfawmhygbl;/ Please use a program as follows when Y0 is turned on at the rise of either X0 or X1. #29 Using a differential instruction makes it easier to adjust a program.
Program ukd #29 rSm jyxm;ovdk a&;xm;&ifawmh X0 = OFF to ON jzpf&if? 'grSr[kwf X1 = OFF to ON jzpf&if? Y0 u 1scan time Mumatmif ON jzpfygw,f/ X1 = ON jzpfaecsdefrSm X0 = OFF to ON jzpf&ifvnf;? Y0 u 1scan time Mumatmif ON jzpfygw,f/ X0 = ON jzpfaecsdefrSm X1 = OFF to ON jzpf&ifvnf;? Y0 u 1scan time Mumatmif ON
jzpfygw,f/ “The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
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#30
Explanation of example
yHk #30 rSmjyxm;ovdk program ukd a&;xm;cJh&if X0 vnf; ON jzpfae&r,f? X1 u vnf; ON jzpf&r,f? tJ'DESpfrsdK; NydKifwljzpfaerSom Y10 = ON jzpfygw,f/ X0 vnf; ON jzpfae&r,f? X2 u vnf; ON jzpf&r,f? tJ'DESpfrsdK; NydKifwljzpfaerSom Y11 = ON jzpfygw,f/ X0 vnf; ON jzpfae&r,f? X3 u vnf; OFF jzpf&r,f? tJ'DESpfrsdK; NydKifwljzpfaerSom Y12 = ON jzpfygw,f/ #31
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Description The SET instruction executes when the trigger is turned on. Output turns on and holds on even if the trigger’s state changes. The RST instruction executes when the trigger is turned on. Output coil turns off and stays off even if the trigger’s state changes.
yHk
#31 rSmjyxm;ovdk program ukd a&;csif&if? Enter Æ LD X0 Æ Enter Æ SET Y30 Æ Enter Æ LD X1 Æ Enter Æ RST Y30 Æ Enter ESdyf yg/ X0 = ON jzpf&if Y30 = ON jzpfoGm;NyD; X0 = OFF jyefjzpfoGm;&ifvnf; Y30 u ON jzpf usefcJhygw,f/ X1 = ON jzpfrS Y30 u OFF jyefjzpfoGm;ygw,f/ X1 = ON qufjzpfaecdkufrSm X0 = ON jzpfayrJhvnf; Y30 u ON r jzpfygbl;/ yHk #31 rSmvdk program udk a&;xm;&if Reset-dominant jzpfygw,f/ Set-dominant jzpfcsif&if RST Y30 udk tay:rSma&;NyD;rS SET Y30 udk atmufrSm a&;&ygw,f/ pmrsufESm 249 rSmvnf; &Sif;jyxm;ygw,f/
#32
yHk #32 rSmjyxm;ovdk program ukd a&;xm;cJh&if? X1 = ON jzpfrS C100 udk reset vkyfyg/ X0 wpfBudrf ON jzpfwdkif; count up wpfcg vkyfyg? 10Budrf txd vkyfygvdkY C100 udk cdkif;xm; wm jzpfygw,f/ X0 = OFF to ON wpfBudrfjzpfwkdif; Counter C100 u count-up wpfcg vkyfygw,f/ Count vkyfwm 10Budrf jynhfwJhtcg C100 = ON jzpfygw,f/ C100 = ON jzpfrS Y31 [m ON jzpfygw,f/ X1 udk ON vdkufvdkY Counter reset jzpfawmhrS C100 a&m Y31 yg OFF jzpf oGm;yg w,f/ “The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
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#33 An oscillating circuit with cycle nT+ΔT
X0 = ON jzpfwm (n * 0.1) sec MumwJhtcg? T0 = ON jzpfoGm;NyD;? Y1 vnf; ON jzpfygw,f/ Y1 = ON jzpfvkdY T0 = OFF jyefjzpfoGm;ygw,f/ T0 = ON jzpfaewm 1-scan time ∆T yJ Mumygw,f/ Y1 = ON jzpfwm (n * 0.1) sec Mumygw,f/ Y1 = OFF jzpfwm 1-scan time Mumygw,f/ X0 = ON jzpfaeoa&GU Y1 u ON vdkuf? OFF vdkufeJY oscillate jzpfaeyg
w,f/ #34 Flashing Circuit
(n1 * 0.1) sec Mumatmif Y1 = ON jzpfvkduf? (n2 * 0.1) sec vkduf? eJU X0 = ON jzpfaeoa&G hoscillate jzpfaeygw,f/
Mumatmif Y1 = OFF jzpf
#35 Flip-Flop Circuit
X0 = OFF to ON jzpfrS Y1 = ON jzpfoGm;NyD;? X0 = OFF to ON aemuf 1cg? xyfjzpfrS Y1 = OFF jyefjzpfoGm;ygw,f/ X0 aemuf 1cg OFF to ON xyfjzpfrS Y1 jyef ON ygw,f/ Toggle output vdkYvnf; ac:ygw,f/ “The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
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#36 ON/OFF delay circuit
X0 = ON jzpfaewm 5 sec MumawmhrS Y4 = ON jzpfygw,f/ X0 = OFF jzpfoGm;NyD; 3 sec MumawmhrS Y4 = OFF jyefjzpfygw,f/ T6 = ON jzpfaewJh tcsdef[m 1-scan time yJ? Mumyg
w,f/
#37 Timing extension circuit X0 = ON jzpfoGm;NyD; (n1 x T) sec MumrS T11 = ON jzpfygw,f/ T11 = ON jzpfoGm;NyD; (n2 x T) sec MumrS T12 = ON jzpfygw,f/
'gaMumifh X0 = ON jzpfoGm;NyD; (n1 x T) sec + (n2 x T) sec MumrS Y1 = ON jzpfygw,f/ Timer resolution: T qdkwmu Time Base udk ajymwm jzpfygw,f/ 'DtaMumif;udk pmrsufESm 235 rSm &Sif;jy xm;ygw,f/
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#38 Counting Range Extension Circuit
The counting range of a 16-bit counter is 0 ~ 32,767. The above circuit uses two counters to increase the counting range as n1*n2. When value in counter C6 reaches n2, the pulses counted from X13 will be n1 * n2. X13 = OFF to ON jzpfwm? tBudrf n1 jynhfrS C5 = ON jzpfNyD; C6 udk 1Budrf count up vkyfygw,f/ C6 udk 1Budrf count up vkyfNyD;rS C5 udk reset vkyfvkdufvkdY C5 = OFF jyefjzpfoGm; ygw,f/ C5 = OFF to ON jzpfwJhtBudrf n2 jynhfrS C6 = ON jzpfygw,f/ 'gaMumifh C6 = ON jzpfzdkY X13 = OFF to ON tBudrfaygif; (n1 * n2) jzpf&ygw,f/
#39 Set-dominant and Reset-dominant program
#39
Reset dominant program
Set dominant program
Stop first qdkwmu Reset-dominant jzpfcJh&if Y1 = OFF jzpfygw,f/ Start first qdkwmu Set-dominant jzpfcJh&if Y1 = ON jzpfygw,f/
udk ajymwm jzpfygw,f/
udk ajymwm jzpfygw,f/
X1 X1
eYJ eYJ
X2
wkdY NydKifwl ON
X2
wkdY NydKifwl
ON
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#40 Retentive program
[m retentive memory bit jzpfygw,f/ M512 udk latched memory bit vdkYvnf; ac:ygw,f/ PLC udk RUN to STOP yJ vkyf? vkyf? Power udkyJ jzwf? jzwf? M512 [m &dS&if;pGJ tajctaetwdkif; quf&dSaeygw,f/ qdkvdkwmu M512 [m ON NyD;om;? jzpfae&if quf ON aeNyD;? OFF NyD;om;? jzpfae&ifvnf;? qufNyD; OFF jzpfaeygw,f/ M512
#41 Sequence control Circuit
Y1 u t&if ON jzpfaerSom? Y2 udk ON vkdY&ygw,f/ Y1 = OFF jzpfoGm;&if Y2 yg OFF jzpfoGm;ygw,f/ Output ESpfckudk tpOftwdkif;? wpfck ON NyD;rS aemufwpfckudk ON csifwJh
tcgrSm oHk;avY&Sdygw,f/
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#42 Interlocking Circuit
t&ifjzpfae&if? X2 = ON jzpfayrJh? Y2 u ON rjzpfygbl;/ Y2 u t&if ON jzpf ae&ifvnf;? X1 = ON jzpfayrJh? Y1 u ON rjzpfygbl;/ Y1 eYJ Y2 Output 2ck OD;pm;ay; r&dSyJ? NydKifwl ON rjzpfapcsif&if program udk txufrSmvdk a&;&ygw,f/ Y1 = ON
X0
Y1
#1 X0
( ) Y1
#2
#3
( ) Y0
Y0
Y2
Y0
Y2
( ) Y2
yHkrSmjyxm;ovdk program ukd a&;xm;cJh&if X0 = OFF
Y0 OFF
Y1 OFF
Y2 OFF
X0 = ON 1st scan 2nd scan 3rd scan
ON OFF OFF
ON ON ON
ON ON ON
X0 = OFF 1st scan 2nd scan 3rd scan
OFF OFF OFF
OFF OFF OFF
ON ON ON
X0 = ON 1st scan 2nd scan 3rd scan
ON OFF OFF
ON ON ON
OFF OFF OFF
jzpfygw,f/
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WPLSoft Version 2.20.07 keyboard shortcuts < Ctrl > + < F9 >
=
Compile (Convert)
< Ctrl > + < D >
=
Delete Vertical Line
< Ctrl > + < U >
=
Read from PLC
< Ctrl > + < T >
=
Write to PLC
< Ctrl > + < F7 >
=
PLC to STOP
< Ctrl > + < F8 >
=
PLC to RUN
< Ctrl > + < Alt > + < O > =
Online Mode (Toggle)
< Ctrl > + < F >
=
Find/Replace
< F1 >
=
Examine ON instruction
< F2 >
=
Examine OFF instruction
< F7 >
=
-----(
)
Output Coil instruction
< F6 >
=
-----[
]
Application instruction
< F3 >
=
Examine Rising Edge instruction
< F4 >
=
Examine Falling Edge instruction
< F8 >
=
Horizontal line
< F9 >
=
Vertical line
< F11 >
=
Invert Operation Result instruction
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tcef; (17) Periodic Inspection and Preventive Maintenance
The PLC requires regular inspection and maintenance for proper operation. The following items should be checked every six months. Item Supplied Power
Environment
What to Check Does the voltage measured within the power terminal fall within the specified range? Does the temperature fall within the specified range? Does the humidity fall within the specified range?
Criteria
Test Equipment
Voltage must fall within the power module input voltage specifications.
Voltmeter
0 to 55°C (32 to 131°F)
Thermometer
Humidity levels below 20% RH.
Hygrometer
Is there any dust Present? No dust. I/O Power
Module Mounting and Wiring
Does the control voltage supplied to the I/O modules fall within the specified limit? Are all of the modules secure? Is the connection cable secure? Is the external wiring screw loose?
Visual
Control voltage must fall within the input and output modules specifications.
Voltmeter
All should be firmly secured.
Screwdriver
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PLC System Maintenance
pufvnfywfrI tjrJwrf; aumif;rGefaeap&eftwGuf jyKjyifxdef;odrf;wJh tvkyfawGukd tcsdefrSef aqmif&GufzkdY vkdtyfygw,f/ PLC ukd wyfqif toHk;jyKxm;wJh ywf0ef;usif&JU tajctaeay:rlwnfNyD;? 1v 1Budrf? 6v 1Budrf? 1ESpf 1Budrf? pojzifh maintenance vkyf&r,fhumvukd tawGUtBuHKay:rlwnfNyD;? tusdK;aus;Zl; jzpfxGef;atmif owfrSwfMu&yg w,f/ PLC ukd puf½Hk? tvkyf½HkawGrSm wyfqiftoHk;jyKzkdY &nf&G,f wnfaqmufxm;wmjzpfayrJh? maintenance ukd tywfpOf? vpOf? ykHrSefaqmif&GufoGm;r,fqkd&if? pufysufvdkY&yf&wmrsdK; down time ukd ododomom avsmhenf;apygw,f/ 1/ PLC ukd trIHawG r0ifEdkifatmif dust proof tjzpf wnfaqmufxm;wm r[kwfvkdY control panel, control desk, control cabinet, p wm awGxJrSm wyfqifwJhtcg? av0if avxGuf vrf;aMumif;rSm filter wyfqifxm;cJh&if? tJ'D filter ukd tcsdefrSefrSef aq;aMum oefUpifay;yg/ 2/ PLC xJukd trIHawG 0ifpkaecJh&if? a&aiGUpdkxkdif;rIaMumifh vQyfppfpD;aMumif; jzpfay: apNyD; csdKU,Gif;rI jzpfapwwfvkdY PLC ay:rSm zkHawG? trIHawG? r&Sdatmif zkHpkyfpuf vacuum cleaner ukd tokH;jyKNyD;? oefU&Sif;a&; jyKvkyfay;yg/ 3/ wkefcgrI vibration &SdwJh ae&mrSm PLC ukd wyfqifxm;cJh&if? PLC txkdif ckdif? rckdif? eJY wire terminal awG acsmif? racsmifukd vpOf? ykHrSefppfaq;yg/ tJ'Dvkd ykHrSefppfaq;rI tenf;i,fukd *½kwpkduftcsdefrSef aqmif&Gufay;wJhtwGuf tusdK;aus;Zl; trsm;BuD;ukd jzpfxGef;apygw,f/
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
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Troubleshooting the PLC Input Interface PLC rSm input LED awGyg&SdwJhtwGuf input sensor awG aumif;? raumif;? eJY PLC xJu input interface aumif;? raumif;? udk tvG,fwul ppfaq; Munhf&I Edkifygw,f/
owdjyK&rSmu PLC wdkif;rSm RUN/STOP switch ygwmr[kwfvdkY? RUN/STOP switch rygwJh PLC trsdK;tpm; jzpfaecJh&if? RUN condition uae STOP condition udk ajymif;zdkY tcufBuKH&wwfygw,f/ PLC udk power ydwf vkduf&if tckaz:jyr,fY prf;oyfenf;udk vkyfvkdY r&awmYygbl;/ 'gaMumifY PLC udk power ay; xm;&ygr,f/ 'DtcgrSm PLC [m RUN ae&if? input awGudk ON vkduf? OFF vkduf? vkyfwJhtcg oufqdkif&m output awGuyg ON vkduf? OFF vkduf? jzpfNyD; pufvnfrSmjzpfwJhtwGuf vl eJY puftEÅ&m,f rjzpfatmif txl;owdjyK&rSm jzpfygw,f/ omreftajctaerSm PLC ay:u RUN LED rD;vif;ae&if? input awGudk ON/OFF vkH;0 rvkyf&ygbl;/ tckaz:jyr,fY prf;oyfenf;udk PLC vkH;0tvkyf rvkyfawmYwJh tcgrSom prf;oyf vkyfudkif&rSm jzpfygw,f/
vla&mpufyg ab;uif;apzdkY jzKwfxm;&ygr,f/
output terminal
rSm qufoG,fxm;wJh
wire
tm;vkH;udk
'DvkdjzKwfwJhtcg PLC udk power t&if ydwf&ygr,f/ NyD;&if output terminal awGrSm voltage &Sd? r&Sd? udk voltmeter eJY wdkif;Munhfyg/ Voltage r&SdrS? wire awGudk rSwfom;NyD; aqmif&GufwJhol ab;uif;atmif jzKwfxm;&ygr,f/ Terminal block type jzpfaecJh&if? tJ'D terminal block udk jzKwfvkduf&if? tcsdefukefoufomygw,f/ qdkvkdwmu PLC udk power ay;vkduf&if? RUN rD; tNrJvif;aewwfwJh PLC twGuf output terminal rSm bm wire rQ r&SdwJhtcgrSom tckaz:jywJh“PLC &JU input interface aumif;? raumif;? prf;oyfenf;” udk vkyf&rSm jzpfygw,f/ PLC udk power ay;xm;ayrJhvnf; RUN rD; rvif;atmif vkyfvkdY&wJh PLC rSm RUN/STOP switch udk awGUatmif&Smyg/ NyD;&if? STOP position rSmxm;NyD; RUN rD;? Nidrf;? rNidrf;? aocsmatmifMunhfyg/ RUN/STOP switch udk STOP rSm xm;NyD; RUN rD; rvif; wJhtcgrSom tckaz:jywJh“PLC &JU input interface aumif;? raumif;? prf;oyfenf;” udk vkyf&rSm jzpfygw,f/
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
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raumif;? prf;oyfenf;/
wpfckcsif;pD udk activate/de-activate vkyfyg/ 'Dvkd vkyfvkdufwJhtcg PLC rSm &SdwJh oufqdkif&m input status LED awG vif;vkduf? rSdwfvkduf? jzpf&ygr,f/ (Oyrm? Input terminal X0 rSmqufoG,fwyfqifxm;wJh sensor udk activate/de-activate vkyfvkduf&if PLC ay:u LED X0 [m vif;vkduf? rSdwfvkduf? jzpf&ygr,f/) 2/ tJ'Dvkd input LED [m vif;vkduf? rSdwfvkduf? jzpfaecJh&if? input sensor a&m? PLC xJrSm &dSwJh input ykdif;yg? ESpfckpvkH; aumif;aevkdYjzpfygw,f/ 3/ wu,fvkdY X5 rSmqufoG,fwyfqifxm;wJh sensor udk activate/de-activate vkyfayrJh LED X5 uajymif;vJrIr&SdcJh&if? sensor aomf¤if;? PLC &J h input ykdif; aomf¤if;? csdKU,Gif;aewm jzpfEdkifygw,f/ 4/ 'gaMumifh uJGuJGjym;jym; cJGjcm;od&zdkYtwGuf X5 rSmqufxm;wJh wire udk jzKwfvkdufyg/ tJ'D X5 rSm wire topf? twdk wpfacsmif; cequfxm;yg/ NyD;&if X6 LED rD; vif;atmif X6 &JU terminal rSm qufxm;wJh sensor udk activate vkyfyg/ 5/ X6 LED rD; vif;vmwJhtcgapmapmu X5 rSm qufxm;wJh wire twdkp eJY X6 &JU terminal udk xday;vkdufyg/ 'DtcgrSm X6 LED a&m? X5 LED yg? rD;vif;vmcJh&if? PLC &JU input interface aumif;vkdY jzpfygw,f/ 6/ txufygtwdkif; prf;oyfMunhfvkdY X5 LED rD;vif;vmwmudk jrif&&if? X5 &JU terminal rSm qufxm; wJh sensor eJY wiring ykdif;udk ppfaq;yg/ 7/ txufygtwdkif; prf;oyfMunhfvkdY X5 LED rD; rvif;cJh&if? PLC xJucsdKU,Gif;aewm jzpfygw,f/ rSwfcsuf/ / X5 wkdY? X6 wkdY? qdkwmu PLC &JU input terminal ukd OyrmtaeeJY trnfwwf ajymwm jzpfygw,f/ X5 [m jypfcsuf&SdwJh input terminal jzpfchJNyD;? X6 [m jypfcsufuif;wJh input terminal jzpfcJh&ifvdkY t"dyÜg,f aumuf,lyg/ Input sensor
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
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Troubleshooting the PLC Output Interface PLC &JU output ykdif; output interface aumif;? raumif;? udk prf;oyfr,fqdk&if? PLC xJrSm a&;xnhfxm;wJh program udk aumif;pGmt"dyÜg,f az:wwfrSom prf;oyfvkdY&ygw,f/ 'Dvkd r[kwfcJh&if? output udk ON atmif b,fvdk vkyf&r,fqdkwmudk odrSmr[kwfygbl;/
tckaz:jyrSmuawmh PLC &JU output LED rD;vif; aeNyD; tJ'D output terminal eJY qufoG,fxm;wJh device awG tvkyfrvkyf wJhtcg tjypf&SmazGwJhenf; jzpfygw,f/ PLC &J U output interface aumif ; ?
raumif;? prf;oyfenf;/
Output terminal rSm
qufoG,fxm;wJh wire tm;vkH;udk jzKwf xm;&ygr,f/ 1/ yxrOD;pGm odxm;&rSmu PLC &JU output type jzpfygw,f/ Contact output vm;? Transitor output vm;? qdkwmudk OD;pGmcJGjcm;NyD; odatmifvkyfxm;&ygr,f/ 2/ Contact output jzpfcJh&if? output LED rD;vif; aewJhtcsdef output ikwf eJY common ikwfMum;rSm Ohmmeter eJY wdkif;Munfhyg/ 10 ohm xufykdrsm;ae&if? output interface ysufwm jzpfygw,f/ 3/ Transistor output jzpfcJh&if? diode wkdif;wJhenf;udk toHk;jyK&rSm jzpfygw,f/ 4/ Output LED rD;vif; aewJhtcsdefrSm output ikwf eJY common ikwfMum;udk diode function test vkyfMunhfwJhtcg? Forward voltage drop [m 0.6V xuf rykd&if? tJ'D output transistor aumif;ygw,f/ rsm;aomtm;jzifh output interface ysufwmu enf;yg;NyD;? output device ysufwmu tjzpfrsm; ygw,f/ txufygtwdkif; prf;oyfMunfhvdkY output interface aumif;aeNyD; Output LED rD;vif; aevsufom;eJY PLC eJY qufoG,fxm;wJh output device awG tvkyfrvkyfwm qdk&if? tJ'D output terminal rSm qufoG,fxm;wJh actuator eJY wiring ykdif;udk ppfaq;yg/ PLC eJY control vkyfwJh system awGrSm csdKU,Gif;rI jzpfcJh&if? PLC xJu ysufpD;vkdY csdKU,Gif; wmu 5% yJ jzpfwwfNyD;? PLC &JU jyify u field devices awGysufpD;vkdY csdKU,Gif;wmu 95% jzpfwwfygw,f/ PLC xJuysufpD;rI 5% xJrSm PLC &JU I/O ykdif;ysufpD;vkdY csdKU,Gif;wmu 90% jzpfwwfNyD;? CPU ysufpD;vkdY csdKU,Gif;wmu 10% yJjzpfwwfygw,f/
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
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Preventing PLC System Malfunctions 1. Use an isolation transformer and line filter on the incoming power to the PLC when in the vicinity of equipment using or producing high current, high voltage, or large magnetic fields. 2. Separate the main PLC power line ground from all other power grounds. Always use triple grounding. 3. Do not exceed the current and power rating of the external 24 VDC provided by the clean power supply. 4. Avoid system faults due to programming errors by reading and fully understanding PLC system manual and the PLC instruction set. 5. Perform regular preventive maintenance on installed systems, checking devices and wiring for potential breakdowns and failures.
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
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Terminology This section introduces some terminology you should know. address. (1) The location in a computer’s memory where particular information is stored. (2) The alphanumeric value used to identify a specific I/O rack, module group, and terminal location. analog signal. A continuous signal that changes smoothly over a given range, rather than switching suddenly between certain levels as discrete signals do. AND. A logical operator that requires all input conditions to be logic 1 for the output to be logic 1. If any input is logic 0, then the output will be logic 0. arithmetic instructions. Computer programming codes that give a PLC the ability to perform mathematical functions, such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and square root, on data. ASCII code. (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) A standard computer code used to facilitate the interchange of information among various types of dataprocessing equipment. backplane. A base to which Units are mounted to form a Rack. Backplanes provide a series of connectors for these Units along with wiring to connect them to the CPU and Power Supply. Backplanes also provide connectors used to connect them to other Backplanes. In some Systems, different Backplanes are used for different Racks; in other Systems, Racks differ only by the Units mounted to them. backup. A device or system that is kept on hand to replace a device or system that fails. battery backup. A battery or set of batteries that will provide power to the processor’s memory in the event of a power outage. baud rate. Transfer speed between two devices in a system measured in bits per second. binary coded decimal (BCD). A binary number system in which each decimal digit from 0 to 9 is represented by four binary digits (bits). The four positions have a weighted value of 1, 2, 4, and 8, respectively, starting from the least significant (right-most) bit. Conversion of BCD values can be done in hexadecimal calculations. For example, the BCD representation of decimal 27 would be two sets of 4 bits: 0010 0111. binary number system. A base 2 number system that uses only the numbers 0 and 1 to express all values. Each digit position of a binary number has a weighted value of 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, and so on, starting with the least significant (right-most) digit. bit. For binary digit. The smallest piece of information that can be represented on a computer. A bit has the value of either zero or one, corresponding to the electrical signals ON and OFF. A bit is one binary digit.
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
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Boolean operators. Logical operators, such as AND, OR, NAND, NOR, NOT, and exclusive-OR, that can be used singly or in combination to form logical statements that have output responses of TRUE or FALSE. byte . A byte is made up of 8 bits. It can hold data values from 0 to 255. In base 16, or hexadecimal, a byte can be expressed as 0 to FF. You cannot have a value greater than 255 when using one byte. central processing unit (CPU). The part of a programmable controller responsible for reading inputs, executing the control program, and updating outputs. Sometimes referred to as the processor, the CPU consists of the arithmetic logic unit, timing/control circuitry, accumulator, scratch pad memory, program counter, address stack, and instruction register. code. (1) A binary representation of numbers, letters, or symbols that have some meaning. (2) A set of programmed instructions. coil. A ladder diagram symbol that represents an output instruction. communication cable. Cable used to transfer data between components of a control system and conforming to the RS-232C or RS-422 standards. contact. A ladder diagram symbol that represents an input condition. control panel. A panel that contains instruments used to control devices. Control System. All of the hardware and software components used to control other devices. A Control System includes the PLC System, the PLC programs, and all I/O devices that are used to control or obtain feedback from the controlled system. counter instructions. Computer programming codes that allow a PLC to perform the counting functions (count up, count down, counter reset) of a hardware counter. data. A general term for any type of information. debugging. The process of checking for errors in a program. digital device. A device that processes and sends discrete (two-state) electrical signals. digital signal. A noncontinuous signal that has a finite number of values. discrete input interface. An input circuit that allows a PLC to receive data from digital field devices. discrete output interface. An output circuit that allows a PLC to send data to digital field equipment. documentation. An orderly collection of recorded hardware and software information about a control system. These records provide valuable reference data for installing, debugging, and maintaining the PLC. “The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
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Double Word. A double word is made of 32 bits. It can hold data values from 0 to 4,294,976,295. In base 16 a double word can be expressed as 0 to FFFFFFFF. In the PLC, a double word is made up of two consecutive word addresses. download. To transfer data to a device. downtime. The time when a system is not available for use. edge . An edge is defined as the point when an input changes state. For example, a rising edge occurs during the very first scan after the input has changed from OFF to ON. A falling edge occurs after the input has changed from ON to OFF. EEPROM . EEPROM is electronically erasable and programmable memory that retains its data even through loss of power. The PLC program is stored in EEPROM and will be retained when power is off. ethernet. A specification for local communication networks that employs coaxial cable as a passive communications medium to interconnect different kinds of computers, information processing products, and office equipment at a local site. exclusive-OR (XOR). A logical operation, which has only two inputs, that yields a logic 1 output if only one of the two inputs is logic 1 and a logic 0 output if both inputs are the same, either logic 1 or logic 0. execute. To perform a specific operation by processing either one instruction, a series of instructions, or a complete program. firmware. A series of instructions for internal use by the processor only. flag. A signal device in a microprocessor system that alerts the operator, or the system itself, to the occurrence of some desired or undesired event. function block diagram (FBD). A graphical PLC programming language in which instructions are programmed as blocks that are then used as needed to control process elements. gate. A circuit having two or more input terminals and one output terminal, where an output is present only when the prescribed inputs are present. ground loop. A condition in which two or more electrical paths exist within a ground line. hard copy. A printed document. hardware. All the physical components of a programmable controller, including peripherals, as opposed to the software components that control its operation. “The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
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Hex (Hexadecimal) . A hexadecimal number is a value expressed in Base 16. A base 16 number system that uses the numbers 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 and the letters A, B, C, D, E, and F to represent numbers and codes. In a byte, word, or double word, each set of 4 bits corresponds to a single hex digit. For example, the binary value 0100 1111 would correspond to the hex value 4F, and a decimal value of 79. host. A central computer in a network system. host computer. A computer attached to a network that provides such services as computation, database access, or special processes or programming languages. IEC 61131 programming standard. A standardized set of PLC programming guidelines, set forth by the International Electrotechnical Commission, that includes general PLC information, equipment and test requirements, programming languages, user guidelines, and communication standards. image table. An area in a PLC’s memory dedicated to I/O data where 1s and 0s represent ON and OFF conditions, respectively. input. Information sent to the processor from connected devices. input device. Any connected equipment, such as control devices (e.g., switches, buttons, and sensors) or peripheral devices that supply information to the central processing unit. Each type of input device has a unique interface to the processor. input table. The area of a PLC’s memory where information about the status of input devices is stored. Instruction Program. An alternative method to a ladder diagram, for producing a PLC program. It is similar to a low-level assembly type microprocessor program. It was, at one time, the only method available for producing PLC programs before the availability of ladder diagram software. All ladder diagram programs though have to be converted to Instruction Programs for downloading to the PLC. It is not possible for ladder diagram programs to be directly downloaded or uploaded to/from a PLC. instruction list (IL). A low-level, text-based PLC programming language that uses assembly language–like mnemonics to represent the control program. interface. A circuit that permits communication between a central processing unit and a field input or output device. Different devices require different interfaces. An interface is the conceptual boundary between systems or devices and usually involves changes in the way the communicated data is represented. internal output. A program output that does not drive a field device and is used for internal purposes only. It provides interlocking functions like a hardwired control relay. An internal output may also be referred to as an internal storage bit or an internal coil. interrupt. The act of redirecting a program’s execution to perform a more urgent task. “The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
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I/O. This term is used to describe the total number of inputs and outputs allocated to a particular PLC. isolation transformer. A transformer that protects its connected devices from surrounding electromagnetic interference. ladder diagram language (LD). A graphical set of instructions that implements basic relay ladder functions in a PLC. ladder relay instructions. Computer codes that implement relay coils and contacts and their corresponding functions in a PLC. language. A set of symbols and rules for representing and communicating information between people and machines. latch. To retain a state even when the input conditions change. least significant bit (LSB). The bit representing the smallest value in a nibble, byte, or word. light-emitting diode (LED). A semiconductor diode whose junction emits light when current passes through it in a forward direction. Limit Switch. A switch that detects when an object has reached the limit of its movement by actually making contact with the object. Limit Switches are fitted to electric elevators, traveling cranes, etc. to indicate when a certain part of the equipment has traveled to the specified limit. load. The power used by a machine or apparatus. location. A storage position or register in memory identified by a unique address. logic. The process of solving complex problems through the use of simple functions that can be either true or false. logic diagram. A drawing that uses interconnected AND, OR, and NOT logic symbols to graphically describe a system’s operation or control. machine language. Processor instructions written in binary code. master. A device used to control other devices. master-slave. A mode of operation where one data station (the master) controls the network access of one or more data stations (the slaves). memory. The part of a programmable controller that stores data, instructions, and the control program either temporarily or semipermanently. memory map. Shows how a system’s memory is allocated. message. A group of data and control bits transferred as an entity from a data source. “The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
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microprocessor. A digital, electronic logic package (usually on a single chip) capable of performing the program execution, control, and data-processing functions of a central processing unit. A microprocessor usually contains an arithmetic logic unit, temporary storage registers, instruction decoder circuitry, a program counter, and bus interface circuitry. most significant bit (MSB). The bit representing the greatest value of a nibble, byte, or word. NEMA Standards. Property characteristics adopted as standard by the National Electrical Manufacturers Association. network. A group of computing devices (computers, programmable controllers, etc.) that are connected to each other by communication lines to share information and resources. network communications instructions. Computer codes that allow a PLC to share data with other PLCs connected to a local area network. network interface module. A special function interface that allows PLCs and other intelligent devices to communicate and transfer data over a high-speed local area communication network. nibble. A group of four bits. nonvolatile memory. A type of memory whose contents are not lost or disturbed if operating power is lost. normally closed contact. (1) A relay contact pair that is closed when the coil of the relay is not activated and open when the coil is activated. (2) A ladder program symbol that allows logic continuity (flow) if the referenced input is logic 0 when evaluated. normally open contact. (1) A relay contact pair that is open when the coil of the relay is not activated and closed when the coil is activated. (2) A ladder program symbol that allows logic continuity (flow) if the referenced input is logic 1 when evaluated. NOT. A logical operator that yields a logic 1 output if a logic 0 is entered at the input and a logic 0 output if a logic 1 is entered at the input. The NOT function, also called an inverter, is normally used in conjunction with AND and OR functions. octal number system. A base 8 number system that uses eight numbers — 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7— to represent all values. off-line. The state of not being in continuous direct communication with the processor. one shot. A programming technique that sets a storage bit or output to a certain state for only one scan. on-line. The state of being in continuous communication with the processor. “The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
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operand. The register address numbers that identify the elements in a program. optical coupler. A device that couples signals from one circuit to another by means of light radiation. OR. A logical operator that yields a logic 1 output if any input is logic 1 and a logic 0 output if all inputs are logic 0. output. Information sent from the processor to connected field devices. output device. Any connected equipment, such as control devices (e.g., motors, solenoids, and alarms) or peripheral devices (e.g., line printers, disk drives, and color displays), that receives information or instructions from the central processing unit. Each type of output device has a unique interface to the processor. output table. The area of a PLC’s memory where information about the status of output devices is stored. panel enclosure. The physical enclosure that houses a PLC’s hardware and components. peripheral. Those devices which support but are not directly involved in the control operation. Photoelectric Switch. A switch that uses light to detect the presence of an object. PLC. An abbreviation for Programmable Logic Controller. It is used in the automatic control of machinery and plant equipment. The great advantage of a PLC is that it can be programmed using software, such as Gx-Developer, Cx-Programmer, to carry out a wide variety of tasks. Port. A communication channel between two devices. power supply. The unit that supplies the necessary voltage and current to a system’s circuitry. Program. A sequence of instructions to be executed by the programmable controller processor to control a machine or process. program. A planned set of instructions stored in memory and executed in an orderly fashion by the central processing unit. programming device. A peripheral device used to write programs and to input a program to a PLC or to alter or monitor a program already stored in the PLC. There are dedicated programming devices, such as Programming Consoles, and there are nondedicated programming devices, such as a host computer. program scan. The time required by the processor to evaluate and execute the control logic. This time does not include the I/O update time. The program scan repeats continuously while the processor is in the run mode.
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
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random-access memory (RAM). A volatile, alterable memory that provides storage for the application program and data. read. (1) To acquire data from a storage device. (2) The transfer of data between devices, such as a peripheral device and a computer. read-only memory (ROM). A type of memory that permanently stores an unalterable program or set of instructions. redundancy. Duplication of either hardware or software for reliability assurance. reset. 1) To turn off and back on. 2) To clear. 3) To restore the default parameters. resolution. The smallest detectable increment of measurement. RS232. A serial communications system used for transferring information. Used in a PLC system for downloading and uploading instruction programs. SCADA. Abbreviation for Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition. scan. The process of reading all inputs, executing the control program, and updating all outputs. scan time. The time necessary to completely execute the entire PLC program one time, including update of I/O, communications, and other housekeeping tasks. Scan Time . The CPU follows a procedure in which it 1) reads the inputs, 2) processes the ladder program, and 3) updates the outputs. It continually repeats this process. This 3step process is called a “scan,” and the time it takes to complete this process is the “scan time.” In a typical PLC application, most of the scan time is used to process the program. When programming, keep in mind that the scan time will increase as you increase the number of inputs and outputs and/or the size of the program. sensor. A device that produces a voltage or current output representative of some physical property being measured (speed, temperature, flow, etc.). Generally, the output of a sensor requires further processing before it can be used elsewhere. sequential function charts (SFC). An object-oriented programming framework that organizes actions written in IEC 61131-3 programming languages (ladder diagram, instruction list, function block diagram, and structured text) into a unified sequential control program. sink. A term, which describes the direction of current flow into or out of either an input or an output terminal of a PLC. To operate a PLC sink input, the direction of current flow will be from a positive voltage supply through a closed input switch/ proximity detector and then into the PLC input terminal. software. The programs that control the processing of data in a system. source. A term, which describes the direction of current flow into or out of either an input or an output terminal of a PLC. To operate a PLC source input, the direction of current
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
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flow will be out of the PLC input terminal through a closed input switch/ proximity detector and then into a COM (common) terminal. structured text (ST). A high-level, text-based PLC programming language, resembling the BASIC and PASCAL computer languages, that allows a control program or any other complex task to be broken down into smaller tasks. switch. An input device that sends either an ON or OFF signal to the Control System. A switch can be operated either by a person or by the movement of a piece of equipment or material. switching capacity. The voltage/current that relay can switch ON and OFF. system. A set of one or more PLCs, I/O devices and modules, computers, associated software, peripherals, terminals, and communication networks that together provide a means of performing information processing to control a machine or process. thumbwheel switch. A rotating switch used to input numeric information into a controller. time base. A unit of time generated by the system clock and used by software timer instructions. Typical time bases are 0.01, 0.1, and 1.0 seconds. timer instructions. Computer codes that allow a PLC to perform the timing functions (ONdelay, OFF-delay, reset) of a hardware timer. triac. A semiconductor device that functions as an electrically controlled switch for AC loads. TRUE. As related to PLC instructions, a set logic state associated with a binary 1. truth table. A table that shows the state of a given output as a function of all possible input combinations. twisted pair. A communications medium consisting of two insulated wires loosely twisted together. upload. To transfer data from a device. USB. An abbreviation for Universal Serial Bus. A modern type of communications system for connecting peripherals, i.e. mouse, printer, scanner, internet modem, to a computer. There are adapters available, which enable a Mitsubishi Electric SC09 communication cable to be connected to the USB port of a computer. volatile memory. A memory that loses its information if the power is removed from it. weighted value. The numerical value assigned to any single bit as a function of its position in a word. word . A word is made of 16 bits. It can hold data values from 0 to 65,535. In base 16 a word can be expressed as 0 to FFFF. write. To enter data into a storage device.
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
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Reference 1. PLCs Theory and Implementation 2nd Ed (L. A. Bryan) 1997 2. Lessons In Industrial Instrumentation (Tony R. Kuphaldt) 13 June 2012 http://openbookproject.net/books/socratic/sinst/book/ 3. Beginner’s Guide to PLC Programming (Neal Babcock) 2008 4. A PLC Primer www.industrialtext.com 5. Basics of PLC Programming - Industrial Control Systems, Fall 2006 6. DVP-PLC Application Examples of Programming, April 2012 7. FX-Series PLC Training Manual using GX-Developer, 2006 8. Micro PLC Self Teach Manual – GFK-0811, June 1993 9. NAIS FP series PLC Programming Manual, 2000 10. GE Fanuc Micro PLC Programmer’s Guide, April 1994 11. FX PLC Applications and Programming (John Ridley) 2004 12. EC Series Micro-PLC Programming Manual (Emerson) 2007 13. Programmable Controllers - An engineer’s guide 3rd Edition (E.A. Parr) 2003 14. IEC 61131-3 Programming - Industrial Automation Systems (Karl-Heinz John) 2010 15. PLC Programming Methods and Applications (John R. Hackworth) 16. Industrial Electronics (Frank D. Petruzella) International Editions 1996
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
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Omron PLC Example Programs 1. Packaging Line Control
yHk (1)
Operation When PB1 (START Push Button) is pressed, the box conveyor moves. Upon detection of box present, the box conveyor stops and the Apple conveyor starts. Part sensor will count for 10 apples. Apple conveyor stops and box conveyor starts again. Counter will be reset and operation repeats until PB2 (STOP Push Button) is pressed.
yHk (2)
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
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CNT003
yHk (3) Time Chart yHk (1) uae yHk (10) txdrSm az:jyxm;wmudk Munfhr,fqdk&if? yHk(4) u LD program udk print screen vkyfxm;wJhyHk jzpfNyD;? yHk(5) u LD program udk print out xkwfxm;wJhyHk jzpfygw,f/ tJ'DyHk(5)&JU b,ftpGefrSmygwJh 000000 u rung number jzpfNyD;? (000000) u step number jzpfygw,f/ Rung No. 00000 &JUnmtpGefrSm az:jyxm;wJh a01 a04 a09 qdw k mawGu internal bit 200.00 udk read vkyfcdkif;wJh a contact symbol eJU az:jyxm;wJh instruction code awG[m step number 01 ae&m? 04 ae&m? 09 ae&m?awG rSm&dSw,fvkdY nTefjyxm;wm jzpfyg w,f/ Rung No. 00001 &JUnmtpGefrSm az:jyxm;wJh b10 qdkwmu output bit 10.01 udk read vkyfcdkif;wJh b contact symbol eJU az:jyxm;wJh instruction code [m step number 10 ae&m rSm &dSw,fvkdY nTefjyxm;wm jzpfygw,f/ a contact qdkwm N.O jzpfNyD;? b contact qdkwm N.C jzpfygw,f/ “The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
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yHk (4)
yHk (5)
LD – Ladder Diagram Program [CPM1A-CPU20]
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
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yHk (6) Rung 0
1
2 3
Step 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Instruction LD OR ANDNOT OUT LD LDNOT OR ANDLD OUT LD ANDNOT OUT LD AND LDNOT CNT
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IL – Instruction List Program Operand 0.00 200.00 0.01 200.00 200.00 0.03 CNT003
Comment Start (N.O) Run Stop (N.O) Run Run Box Sensor Apple counter
10.01 200.00 10.01 10.00 10.00 0.02 0.03 003 #10
Box-conveyor Run Box-conveyor Apple-conveyor Apple-conveyor Apple Sensor Box Sensor Apple counter
yHk (7)
Program Mnemonics
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
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2. Filling/Draining Control Operation
yHk (8) Operation procedure 1. As the PB1 is pressed, MV1 opens and the water begins to fill the tank. At the same time, the stirring motor M starts operations. 2. When the water level passes TLB2 and reaches TLB1, the MV1 closes and the stirring motor stops. 3. Next, MV2 opens and starts draining the water. When the water levels drops below TLB2, MV2 closes. 4. When the cycle of operation has repeated four times, the operation END indicator illuminates, and the filling and draining operation will not restart even if PB1 is pressed.
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
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yHk (9)
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LD – Ladder Diagram Program [CPM1A-CPU20]
u Falling Edge Detection vdkY t"dyÜg,f&dSNyD;? u Rising Edge Detection vdkY t"dyÜg,f&wJY instruction code symbol awG jzpfMuygw,f/ DIFD, DIFU oHk;rSay:vmwJh symbol awGjzpfMuygw,f/ “The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
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yHk (10) IL - Instruction List Program
Instruction awGudk
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Program Mnemonics
t*FvdyfpmvHk;eJU code vkyfxm;wm jzpfygw,f/
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
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Siemens PLC Example Programs 1. Packaging Line Control Operation When PB1 (START Push Button) is pressed, the box conveyor moves. Upon detection of box present, the box conveyor stops and the apple conveyor starts. Part sensor will count for 10 apples. Apple conveyor stops and box conveyor starts again. Counter will be reset and operation repeats until PB2 (STOP Push Button) is pressed. Input I0.0 I0.1 I0.2 I0.3
Devices START Push Button (PB1) STOP Push Button (PB2) Apple Sensor Box Sensor
Output Q0.0 Q0.1
Devices Apple Conveyor Box Conveyor
I0.0 I0.1 I0.2 I0.3
M0.0 C3
Q0.0 Q0.1 Status-Time Diagram Siemens PLC S7-200 twGuf program udk LD eJY a&;NyD;? FBD, STL wkYdeJY ajymif;Munfh k mu memory location awGudk Label uyfNyD;? emrnfay; vdkY &ygw,f/ Symbolic address qdw address a&;xm;wmjzpfygw,f/ “The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
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yHk (11) Symbolic Addressing LD Program
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yHk (12) LD – Ladder Diagram Program
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
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yHk (13) FBD - Function Block Diagram Program “The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
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yHk (14) STL – Statement List Program
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
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2. Filling/Draining Control Operation Operation procedure 1. As the PB1 is pressed, MV1 opens and the water begins to fill the tank. At the same time, the stirring motor M starts operations. 2. When the water level passes TLB2 and reaches TLB1, the MV1 closes and the stirring motor stops. 3. Next, MV2 opens and starts draining the water. When the water level drops below TLB2, MV2 closes. 4. When the cycle of operation has repeated four times, the operation END indicator illuminates, and the filling and draining operation will not restart even if PB1 is pressed. Input I0.0 I0.1 I0.2 I0.5 I0.6
Devices Start Button (PB1) Stop Button (PB2) Reset Button (PB3) Upper Level Switch (TLB1) Lower Level Switch (TLB2)
Output Q0.0 Q0.1 Q0.2 Q0.4 Q0.5
Devices Water Supply Valve (MV1) Drain Valve (MV2) Stirring Motor (M) End Indicator Buzzer
Siemens PLC S7-200 udk program a&;r,fqdk&if STEP 7-Micro/WIN eJY
a&;&ygw,f/ Omron PLC CPM1A udk program a&;r,fqdk&if CX-Programmer eJY a&;&ygw,f/ CX-Programmer xJrSmygwJY DIFU, DIFD qdkwJY instruction code awGeJYwlnDwJY instruction code awG STEP 7-Micro/WIN xJrSm ryg&dSvdkY function wlatmif yHk(15) rSmvdkyJ a&;vdkY &yg w,f/ STEP 7-Micro/WIN xJrSm yg&dSwJY awGvnf; CX-Programmer xJrSm ryg&Sdygbl;/
eJY
wdkY eJY wlnDwJY
instruction code
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
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yHk (15) LD – Ladder Diagram Program “The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
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“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
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yHk (16) FBD – Function Block Diagram Program tckqdk&if
LD program xJrSmygwJh open contact, closed contact, eJY coil awG[m instruction code awGrQom jzpfw,fqdkwmudk oabmaygufvufcHEdkifMuNyDxifygw,f/
“The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
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yHk (17) STL – Statement List Program “The more you learn about PLCs, the more you will be able to solve other control problems.”
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1998 ckESpfrS 2007 ckESpftxd &efukefNrdKU General Service Engineering Group (GSE) wGif Instrumentation Engineer tjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifcJhonf/ 2000 ckESpfwGif GSE ü Instrumentation oifwef;udk pwifoifMum;ydkYcscJhonf/ 2008 ckESpfrS 2010 ckESpftxd oifMum;ydkYcscJhonf/
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2011 ckESpfrS 2013 ckESpftxd Multi oifwef;udk tcsdefydkif; oifMum;ydkYcscJhonf/ 2012 ckESpfrS 2014 ckESpftxd tcsdefydkif; oifMum;ydkYcscJhonf/
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