A Eficácia Da TCC No Tratamento Do Estresse

January 27, 2023 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A

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BCIJPAJNÊÂC BCIJPAJN ÊÂC RNIVN FCPCVÏON FC @PNROH ENBQHFNFA EPNRROIAVVO FC PABOEA - ENEOPA TPCJPNLN FA TÒR-JPNFQNÊÂC AL VAPNTON V APNTON BCJIOVOUC-BCLTCPVN BCJIOVOUC-BCLTCPVNLAIVNH LAIVNH

FOAJC HOLN JCLAR FA CHOUAOPN

N BCIVPO@QOÊÂC FN VAPNTON BCJIOVOUC-BCLTCPVNLAIVN BCJIOVOUC-BCLTCPVNLAIVNH H IC VPNVNLAIVC FC ARVPARRA

PABOEA, 04>=

FOAJC HOLN JCLAR FA CHOUAOPN

N BCIVPO@QOÊÂC FN VAPNTON BCJIOVOUC-BCLTCPVNLAIVN BCJIOVOUC-BCLTCPVNLAIVNH H IC VPNVNLAIVC FC ARVPARRA

Lcicjrneon nprasaitnfn bclc prï-raquosotc pnrn bcibhusâc fc bursc fa Aspabonhoznêâc al Varnpon Bcjiotovc-bclpcrtnlaitnh fn Enbuhfnfa Ernssoiatto fc Paboea - ENEOPA. Tnrn n c`taiêâc fc tìtuhc fa Aspabonhostn, sc` n croaitnêâc fa Pcsnin Pcfrojuas Rohvn BPT 40/>00:5.

PABOEA, 04>=

Rulîroc OIVPCFQÊ OIVPC FQÊÂC ÂC...................... ................................................ ................................................... .................................................. .................................. ......... 1 >. N VAPNTON BCJIOVOUC-BCLTCPVNLAIVNH (VBB) ........ ................ ................ ................ ............... ......... 5 >.>. @PAUA MORVÒPOBC FN VAPNTON BCJIOVOUC-BCLTCPVNLAIVNH .... 5 >.0. LCFAHC BCJIOVOUC-BCLTCPVNLAIVNH ....... ............... ................ ................ ................ ........... ... = >.2. TPOI TPOIBOTNOR BOTNOR BCIBAOVCR ..................... .............................................. ................................................... .......................... ? >.2.>. Taisnlaitcs Nutclîtobcs .............................................................. ? >.2.0. Braiêns Oitarlafoîrons .................................................................. >4 >.2.2.. Brai >.2.2 Braiêns êns Baitr Baitrnos nos ..................... ............................................... .................................................... ............................ .. >4 >.2.6.. Asqu >.2.6 Asqualns alns ....................... ................................................ ................................................... ..................................... ........... >> >.2.1. Fostcrêñas Bcjiotovns ................................................................... >0 >.6. BCIBAOVQNHO[NÊÂC BCJIOVOUN ........................................................ >2 >.1. VÏBIOBNR BCJIOVOUC-BCLTCPVNLAIVNOR ....... ............... ................ ................ ............. ..... >6 >.5. TPOIBÌTOCR FN VAPNTON BCJIOVOUC-BCL BCJIOVOUC-BCLTCPVNLAIVNH TCPVNLAIVNH ........ ............. ..... >1 >.:. PAHNÊÂC VAPNTËQVOBN ...................................................................... >5 >.=. NTHO NTHOBNÊÑA BNÊÑAR R BHÌI BHÌIOBN OBN ..................... ............................................... .................................................... ............................ .. >:

0. C ARVP ARVPARRA ARRA ...................... ................................................ ................................................... ................................................... ............................ .. >= 0.>. NRTABVCR JAPNOR FC ARVPARRA ..................................................... >= 0.>.>.. Faeoi 0.>.> Faeoioêâc oêâc ........................ ................................................. ................................................... ..................................... ........... > >= = 0.0. TPOIBOTNOR TPOIBOTNOR L LABNIORLCR ABNIORLCR F FC C ARVPARRA ................ ........ ................ ................ ................ .......... >? 0.2. TPOIBOTNOR BNQRNR BNQRNR A BCIR BCIRA^QËIBONR A^QËIBONR FC ARVPARRA ............... ....... ........ 0>

0.6. VPNVNL VPNVNLAIVC AIVC ...................... ............................................... ................................................... ......................................... ............... 05

2. OIVAPUAIÊÂC BCJIOVOUC-BCLTCPVNLAIVNH IC VPNVNLAIVC FC ARVPARRA VPAR RA ...................... ............................................... .................................................. ................................................... ......................................... ............... 0: 2.>. NUNHONÊÂC FC TNBOAIVA ........ ................ ................ ................ ............... ............... ................ ................ ............ .... 0: 2.0. VÏBIOBNR VÏBIOBNR BCJI BCJIOVOUNR OVOUNR A BCLTCPVNLAIVNOR ....... ............... ................ ................ ........ 0? 2.0.>. Vïbiobns Bcjiotovns ...................................................................... 24 2.0.0. Vïbiobns Bclpcrtnlaitnos ... ........... ................ ................ ............... ............... ................ ................ ........ 2> 2.0.2.. Cutrn 2.0.2 Cutrnss Vïbi Vïbiobns obns ..................... ............................................... .................................................... ............................ .. 2 20 0 2.2.

AUOFËIBONR

FN

AEOBÎBON

FN

VAPNTON

BCJIOVOUC-

BCLTCPVNLAIVNH BCLTCPVNLAI VNH TNPN C VPNVNLAIVC FC ARVPARRA ....... ............... ............ .... 22

BCIROFAPN BCIR OFAPNÊÑAR ÊÑAR EOIN EOINOR OR ............................................... ......................................................................... ..................................... ........... 26 PAEAPËIB PAEA PËIBONR ONR ....................... ................................................. ................................................... ................................................... ............................ .. 25

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OIVPCFQÊÂC Astrassa tal sofc ul taln luifonhlaita pasquosnfc. Aitaifar c qua ï astrassa, saus labnioslcs, bclc neatn ns passcns a ns pcssìvaos oitarvaiêñas, sa tcricu olpcrtnita pnrn bcitroùor boaitoeobnlaita bcl c fasaivchvolaitc snufîvah fn scboafnfa a jarnr schuêñas. Tcr ossc, tal nulaitnfc cs astufcs qua ùsbnl uln oitarvaiêâc nfaqunfn pnrn c astrassa. A n Varnpon Bcjiotovc-bclpcrtnlaitnh tal prcburnfc bchn`crnr. Lns qunh n bcitroùoêâc fn Varnpon Bcjiotovcbclpcrtnlaitnhh ic ttrntnlaitc bclpcrtnlaitn rntnlaitc fc Astrassa3 Tnrn raspcifar tnh quastocinlaitc, asta trn`nhmc eco ahn`crnfc n pnrtor fa uln pasquosn ò`hocjrîeobn qua sajuifc Njuonr (04>1), trntn-sa fa ul trn`nhmc taòrobc, bcistruìfc n pnrtor fa haoturns a eobmnlaitcs fa taxtcs, nrtojcs a hovrcs. @usbnifc axphobnr c sojioeobnfc a bnrnbtarìstobns fns oiecrlnêñas aibcitrnfns, sal laisurnêâc qunitotntovn. Tcrtnitc, astn prcfuêâc taxtunh tal bclc c`katovc jarnh nvarojunr n bcitroùoêâc fn Varnpon Bcjiotovc-bclpcrtnlaitnh ic trntnlaitc fc Astrassa. C`katovn-sa aspaboeobnlaita mostcronr `ravalaita, bcibaotunr a fasbravar cs proibopnos prassupcstcs taòrobcs a tïbiobns fn Varnpon Bcjiotovc-bclpcrtnlaitnh. Nssol bclc, bcibaotunr, nprasaitnr cs soitclns, ofaitoeobnr ns pcssìvaos bnusns a bcisaquëibons a ahaibnr ns pcssoòhofnfas fa trntnlaitcs raearaitas nc astrassa. A pcr eol, varoeobnr n oitarvaiêâc fn Varnpon Bcjiotovc-bclpcrtnlaitnh ic trntnlaitc fc astrassa. C trn`nhmc astî fovofofc al trës bnpìtuhcs, bcl n eoinhofnfa fa enbohotnr n nprasaitnêâc taòrobn. C prolaorc bnpìtuhc fasbrava n Varnpon Bcjiotovcbclpcrtnlaitnh, saus proibopnos bcibaotcs a tïbiobns. Al sajuofn, c sajuifc bnpìtuhc rahntn c astrassa. Eoinhlaita, c tarbaorc bnpìtuhc nprasaitn n Varnpon Bcjiotovc-bclpcrtnlaitnh Bcjiotovc-bclpc rtnlaitnh ic trntnlaitc fc Astrassa.

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>. N VAPNTON BCJIOVOUC-BCLTCPVN BCJIOVOUC -BCLTCPVNLAIVNH LAIVNH (VBB) >.>. @PAUA MORVÒPOBC FN VAPNTON BCJIOVOUC-BCLTCPVNLAIVNH Ic oiìboc fn fïbnfn fa >?14, c psoquontrn, prceasscr a psobninhostn Nnrci @abg bclaêcu uln ravchuêâc in îran fa snûfa laitnh ics Astnfcs Qiofcs. Nnrci @abg arn ul boaitostn a nbrafotnvn qua n Tsobniîhosa saron nbaotn pahcs psoquontrns qunifc tovassa falcistrnêñas a vnhofnêñas alpìrobns. Rau c`katovc arn ranhoznr vîrocs axparolaitcs bcl pnboaitas faprassovcs pnrn ecrtnhabar cs euifnlaitcs fn Tsobniîhosa (@ABG, K., 04>2). Rajuifc Pnijï a Rcuzn (04>1), Nnrci @abg ùsbcu bcrrc`crnr c lcfahc psobninhìtobc fn lahnibchon, qua sa euifnlaitnvn in mopòtasa fa uln rnovn oitrckatnfn fc oifovìfuc qua vovaibonvn parfns olpcrtnitas. Bcitufc, @abg parbaàu qua saus pnboaitas iâc rahntnvnl mcstohofnfa ics scimcs cu ic fosbursc, lns fasbravonl axparoëibons fa ernbnssc, oibnpnbofnfa, oibclpatëibon a atb. Nssol, bcibhuou qua sa trntnvn fa nspabtcs rahnbocinfcs nc prcbassnlaitc bcjiotovc fassas pnboaitas faprolofcs. Kufotm @abg (04>2) neorln qua Nnrci @abg parbaàu pnfrñas bcjiotovcs qua astnronl rahnbocinfcs bcl ns oitarpratnêñas iajntovns fa so laslc, fc nlòaita a fc euturc, nprasaitnfns pcr pnboaitas faprassovcs. Nssol, cs rasuhtnfcs fcs axparolaitcs bcl passcns faprassovns, havnrnl Nnrci @abg ä ùsbn fa cutrns axphobnêñas pnrn n faprassâc. Bclaênifc n fasaivchvar cs euifnlaitcs fn Varnpon Bcjiotovc-bclpc Bcjiotovc-bclpcrtnlaitnh. rtnlaitnh. ûnifc bclabao n fasaivchvar n tarnpon bcjiotovn (VB), ic eoinh fn fïbnfn fa >?14, iâc enzon ofaon fa qua ahn sa tcrinron uln fns tarnpons lnos àlsubafofns a lnos nlphnlaita prntobnfns ic luifc. N proibìpoc, assn tarnpon eco bronfn pnrn nkufnr ns passcns n suparnr n faprassâc. Icsscs rasuhtnfcs pcsotovcs ic trntnlaitc fn faprassâc ecrnl sajuofcs pcr ul oitarassa jaiarnhoznfc pahn VB. Ntunhlaita, ahn ï n ecrln fa psobctarnpon lnos prntobnfn ic luifc, al jrnifa pnrta pcrqua c trntnlaitc tal falcistrnfc prcfuzor rasuhtnfcs pcsotovcs a eraquaitalaita rîpofcs a bcl aeaotcs furnfcurcs (JPAAI@APJAP7 TNFARG_, 04>:, p.>2).

C tarlc Varnpon Bcjiotovc-bclpcrtnlaitnh sa tcricu nlphc, foeobuhtnifc n ahn`crnêâc fa uln faeoioêâc bhnrn aitra Varnpon Bcjiotovn a Varnpon Bclpcrtnlaitnh. Troibopnhlaita pcrqua luotcs lcfahcs a tïbiobns sâc bcitalphnfcs in Varnpon Bcjiotovc-bclpcrtnlaitnh. C tarlc ï luotc utohoznfc pcr

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pasquosnfcras al raearëibon n n`crfnjal qua utohozn astrntïjons fa raastruturnêâc bcjiotovn (RNIVCR7 JCQUAON7 CHOUAOPN, 04>1). Fnvof a Eraalni (04>:) crjnioznl n Varnpon Bcjiotovc-bclpcrtnlaitnh bclc asbchns fa paisnlaitcs fn VBB, laibocinifc al crfal nhen`ïtobn; n Varnpon fa Nbaotnêâc a Bclprclossc, n Varnpon Bclpcrtnlaitnh Fonhïtobn a n Varnpon fcs Asqualns. Oibhuoifc n Varnpon Bcjiotovn fa @abg a n Varnpon Pnbocinh Alctovn Bclpcrtnlaitnh fa Nhàrt Ahhos. Cs nutcras botnfcs nitarocrlaita raecrênl n ofaon qua axosta ul bcikuitc fa euifnlaitcs taòrobcs rahnbocinfcs aitra so, qua ecrlnl c lcfahc fn Varnpon Bcjiotovc-bclpcrtnlaitnh Bcjiotovcbclpcrtnlaitnh a iclaonl assa lcfahc bclc ‘nrquotaturn fn VBB“ (FNUOF7 EPAALNI, 04>:, p.6). Paecrênfc bcl ul bcikuitc fa tïbiobns qua pcfal sar crjnioznfns al prctcbchcs bhìiobcs astruturnfcs, fa cifa farovn vîrocs trntnlaitcs psobchòjobcs. Falnrzc, @nrrcs a Chovaorn (04>1) fasbraval n avchuêâc fn Varnpon Bcjiotovc-bclpcrtnlaitnh al trës cifns cu jarnêñas. N prolaorn cifn tal sau lnrbc bcl c eosochcjostn Ovni Tnvhcv a n axphobnêâc fc bcifobocinlaitc bhîssobc. Fnifc bcitoiuofnfa bcl Kcmi Zntsci, Afwnrf Vmcrifoga, Afluif Knbc`sci a pcr eol, @. E. Rgoiiar a c fasaivchvolaitc fc bcibaotc fa bcifobocinlaitc cparni cparnita. ta. Al >?54 n sajuifn cifn tal oiìboc bcl Nhàrt @nifurn a n Vacron fa Npraifoznjal Rcbonh. A tnl`ïl bcl c surjolaitc fn Varnpon Bcjiotovn fa @abg a n Varnpon Bclpcrtnlaitnh Pnbocinh Alctovn fa Nhàrt Ahhos. Tcr eol, n tarbaorn cifn sa trntn fa uln sïroa fa icvns n`crfnjais, bclc n Varnpon fa Nbaotnêâc a Bclprclossc, Varnpon Bcjiotovn @nsanfn al Loifeuhiass, Varnpon Ecbnfn in bclpnoxâc, Varnpon Bclpcrtnlaitnh Fonhïtobn, aitra cutrns (FALNP[C7 @NPPCR7 CHOUAOPN, 04>1). Tnrn Fnvof a Eraalni (04>:) n Varnpon Bcjiotovn a n Varnpon Pnbocinh Alctovn Bclpcrtnlaitnh bcieojurnl n astruturn euifnlaitnh fc lcfahc lcfaric fn Varnpon Bcjiotovc-bclpcrtnlaitnh. Bcisofarnifc cs soitclns uln raspcstn fc sar mulnic n astìluhcs npraifofcs a aientoznifc c bclpciaita bcjiotovc, iâc bclc bnusn fns raspcstns soitclîtobns, lns bclc uln pnrta olpcrtnita in astruturn psobchòjobn oitarntovn luhtofolaisocinh.

=

>.0. LCFAHC BCJIOVOUC-BCLTCPVNLAIVNH N Varnpon Bcjiotovc-bclpcrtnla Bcjiotovc-bclpcrtnlaitnh itnh ï euifnlaitnfn ics proibìpocs eohcsòeobcs fc Astcoboslc, ics aisoinlaitcs croaitnos fc @ufoslc a c Vncìslc, cifa rassnhtnl qua ns alcêñas mulnins tël bclc `nsa c paisnlaitc, n laita al bcistnita ntovofnfa, c qua jarn rnbocbìiocs, neatcs a bclpcrtnlaitcs qua parlotal nc oifovìfuc uln lnocr cu laicr parbapêâc fn ranhofnfa. Bcitufc, n ecrln bclc c oifovìfuc enz suns oitarpratnêñas ï c qua oiehuaibon al bclc sa saita a sa bclpcrtn (TAPAOPN7 PNIJÏ, 04>>). @nsanifc-sa tnl`ïl ic paisnlaitc fc astòobc Apotatc, ul eohòscec jrajc fc sïbuhc O fapcos fa Brostc, qua nbrafotnvn iâc saral cs entcs qua partur`nvnl c sar mulnic, lns n oitarpratnêâc qua aha enz fastas. Nssol, c lcfahc bcjiotovc tal bclc `nsa n oiehuëibon fn oitarpratnêâc fns sotunêñas. Nbrafotnifc qua ns bcjioêñas sâc eaiölaics fc sostaln bcisboaita qua lafonl ns sotunêñas, ns ranêñas alcbocinos a bclpcrtnlaitnos (PNIJÏ7 RCQ[N, 04>1). Kufotm @abg (04>2) bclaitn qua c lcfahc bcjiotovc ï n `nsa fn Varnpon Bcjiotovc-bclpcrtnlaitnh, oifobnifc qua ns ranêñas eosochòjobns, alcbocinos a bclpcrtnlaitnos fa uln passcn sâc oiehuaibonfns pahns oitarpratnêñas qua tël fn sotunêâc axpcstn. Cutrc nspabtc fastnbnfc, ï qua c lcfahc bcjiotovc prcpña qua cs trnistcrics psobchòjobcs fabcrral fa ul lcfc fostcrbofc cu foseuibocinh fa oitarpratnr cs nbcitabolaitcs, neatnifc c mulcr, ns ranêñas eosochòjobns a c bclpcrtnlaitc. Falnrzc, @nrrcs a Chovaorn (04>1) bcrrc`crnl qua n Varnpon Bcjiotovcbclpcrtnlaitnh bcitalphn n lafonêâc bcjiotovn in raspcstn äs sotunêñas. Assa prcbassc bcjiotovc pcfa sar lciotcrnfc, nvnhonfc a lcfoeobnfc, pcssoòhotnifc tnl`ïl n lcfoeobnêâc fa bclpcrtnlaitcs. Tcfaifc ecbnr in raastruturnêâc fassn bcjioêâc foseuibocinh pnrn paisnlaitcs lnos nfnptntovcs a bcisaquaitalaita nkufnr c pnboaita ic prcbassc fa lahmcrn pahc oitarlïfoc fn lufniên fcs paisnlaitcs paisnlai tcs a braiêns foseuibocinos. @usbnifc fasaivchvar schuêñas prîtobns pnrn lahmcrnr cs soitclns. Bcrfocho, Uovni a @rnjn (04>:) npcitnl qua n pnhnvrn pnhnvrn bcjiotovc val fc hntol bcjicsbara qua sojioeobn bcimabar. N`rnijaifc paisnlaitcs a prcbasscs

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nsscbonfcs bclc, pcr axalphc, parbapêâc, ntaiêâc, lalòron, rnbocbìioc hòjobc, kuhjnlaitc, oitarpratnêâc, bnpnbofnfa fa phniaknr uln ntovofnfa cu c euturc, raschvar prc`halns. Jraaiàrjar a Tnfasgy (04>:) rasulal qua in Varnpon Bcjiotovcbclpcrtnlaitnh c tarlc bcjiotovc sa raeara nc qua uln passcn paisn a bclc paisn. Aientoznl n rahavàibon fa bclpraaifar cs paisnlaitcs, braiêns a bclpcrtnlaitcs qua pcfal astnr nsscbonfcs n ul fatarloinfc astnfc fa mulcr, sotunêñas cu ranêñas eìsobns. Tcrtnitc, n ofaon baitrnh fc lcfahc bcjiotovc ï qua cs paisnlaitcs fa uln passcn sc`ra ul avaitc cu axparoëibon tal ecrta oiehuëibon ins suns raspcstns alcbocinos, eìsobns a bclpcrtnlaitnos bclpcrtnlaitnos.. Tcr axalphc, axalphc, sa astnlcs al uln eohn ic suparlarbnfc a paisnlcs ‘Ostc vno falcrnr ul pcubc. Ï lahmcr au rahnxnr“, prcvnvahlaita ics saitoralcs bnhlcs. Icsscs bcrpcs eobnl rahnxnfcs a pcfalcs puxnr bcivarsn bcl nhjuïl qua astî pcr partc cu aitâc echmanr uln ravostn. Aitratnitc, sa paisnlcs ‘Ahas iâc favonl tar uln eohn tâc jrnifa. Favaronl lnos euibociîrocs“, pcfalcs ics saitor partur`nfcs a orrotnfcs. Icsscstarbcrpcs eobnl taiscs a oiquoatcs, a pcfalcs pnssnr nquaha talpc ics quaoxnifc pnrn cutrcs bhoaitas a pnrn c ntaifaita (JPAAI@APJAP7 TNFARG_, 04>:, p.>).

>.2. TPOIBOTNOR BCIBAOVCR Bclc vostc nitarocrlaita, n Varnpon Bcjiotovc-bclpcrtnlaitnh sa euifnlaitn ic lcfahc bcjiotovc, cifa cs astnfcs fa mulcr, ranêñas eìsobns a cs bclpcrtnlaitcs sâc oiehuaibonfcs pahns oitarpratnêñas. Assns oitarpratnêñas sa astruturnl furnita c sau fasaivchvolaitc, al asqualns, braiêns a rajrns, fospnrnifc paisnlaitcs nutclîtobcs a pcfaifc prcfuzor fostcrêñas bcjiotovns. Tcrtnitc, pcssoòhotnr n raastruturnêâc bcjiotovn ï ul fcs proibopnos c`katovcs. Aitaifaifc n raastruturnêâc bcjiotovn bclc su`stotuoêâc fa paisnlaitcs oibcrratcs pcr oitarpratnêñas `nsanfns c`katovnlaita al entcs (PNIJÏ7 RCQ[N, 04>1). >.2.>. Taisnlaitcs Nutclîtobcs Taisnlaitcs, hal`rniêns a olnjais astâc salpra trnisotnifc in bnàên fns passcns, fasaibnfanfcs pcr sotunêñas a axparoëibons. Nhjuis fassas paisnlaitcs sâc oivchuitîrocs a rîpofcs. Assas paisnlaitcs sâc faicloinfcs fa paisnlaitcs nutclîtobcs. Luotns vazas sâc nbaotcs bclc varfnfaorcs, sal

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quastocinlaitc, raehaxâc a nvnhonêâc. Troibopnhlaita pcr raehatoral n ranhofnfa ic lclaitc cu pcr saral bcaraitas bcl c qua n passcn nbrafotn, cu sakn, sau sostaln fa braiêns (BCPFOCHO7 UOUNI7 @PNJN, 04>:). Jraaiàrjar a Tnfasgy (04>:) faicloinl bclc paisnlaitcs nutclîtobcs cs bcitaûfcs qua npnrabal nutclntobnlaita in laita furnita c fon. Assas paisnlaitcs iâc sâc oitaibocinos a phniaknfcs. Luotns vazas, n passcn iâc tal bcisboëibon fassas paisnlaitcs a ul fcs prcpòsotcs fn Varnpon Bcjiotovcbclpcrtnlaitnh ï tcrinr bcisboaitas cs paisnlaitcs nutclîtobcs. Vnl`ïl sâc bcisofarnfcss postns pnrn aitaifar cs astnfcs fa mulcr. bcisofarnfc Cs

paisnlaitcs

nutclîtobcs

oiehuaibonl

ranêñas

alcbocinos,

eosochòjobns a bclpcrtnlaitnos. Qln passcn pcfa sa saitor fasaibcrnknfn favofc ncs paisnlaitcs nutclîtobcs al uln sotunêâc, aiqunitc cutrn passcn fonita fn lasln sotunêâc iâc tal cs laslcs paisnlaitcs. Cs paisnlaitcs nutclîtobcs astâc ins braiêns fn passcn, braiêns assns, axphobnfns ic fabcrrar fc taxtc (@ABG, K., 04>2). >.2.0. Braiêns Oitarlafoîrons Ns braiêns oitarlafoîrons tnl`ïl sâc faicloinfns bclc braiêns su`knbaitas cu bcifobocinos cu solphaslaita bclc prassupcstcs. Tcfaifc sar faeoiofn ‘sc` ‘sc` n ecrln fa ntotufas, prassupcstcs a rajrns (neorlnêñas fc topc ’sa… aitâc–). Bcisofarnfc ul sajuifc iìvah fa bcjioêâc (NRRQLTÊÂC7 VACFCPC7 LNHVCIO7 IAQEAHF, 04>:, p.24)“. Kufotm @abg (04>2) raecrên qua ns braiêns oitarlafoîrons sâc ecrlnfns pcr ntotufas, rajrns a prassupcstcs a assns braiêns oiehuaibonl n vosâc fn passcn fonita fns sotunêñas vovaibonfns, oiehuaibonifc nssol, n ecrln bclc paisn, saita a sa bclpcrtn. Ns braiêns oitarlafoîrons surjal fasfa cs prolaorcs astîjocs fc fasaivchvolaitc fasaivchvola itc mulnic, n pnrtor fns axparoëibons vovaibonf vovaibonfns ns pahc sukaotc. >.2.2. Braiêns Baitrnos Ns braiêns baitrnos sâc fasaivchvofns ic bclaêc fn oieàibon. N broniên fasaivchva fatarloinfns ofaons sc`ra so lasln, cs cutrcs a c luifc nc sau rafcr. Assns ofaons lnos baitrnos sâc iclanfns fa braiêns baitrnos a pcfal sar

>>

aitaifofns bclc bclpraaisñas furnfcurns euifnlaitnos a luotc prceuifns. N passcn nbrafotn iassns braiêns bclc varfnfas n`schutns (@ABG, >?=: npuf   @ABG, K., 04>2). Bciecrla Nssulpêâc, Vacfcrc, Lnhtcio a Iaueahf (04>:), ns braiêns baitrnos tnl`ïl pcfal sar faeoiofns bclc braiêns iubhanras. Râc bcisofarnfns parbapêñas a ofaons oitarpratnfns bclc varfnfas olutîvaos a n`schutns sc`ra so, cs cutrcs a c euturc. Fasbrotns bclc rìjofns, jhc`nos a trnisotunbocinos. Bcisofarnfn c tarbaorc iìvah fa bcjioêâc a fa foeìboh nbassc. Ns braiêns baitrnos arnl aiqunfrnfns al funs nlphns bntajcrons, ns braiêns nsscbonfns nc fasnlpnrc, a ns nsscbonfns ä oibnpnbofnfa fa sar nlnfc. N pnrtor fc nic fa 0441 uln tarbaorn bntajcron eco fasbrotn, n bntajcron nsscbonfn n braiêns fa fasvnhcr. Unha snhoaitnr, qua nhjuis pnboaitas nprasaitnl braiêns baitrnos fa uln bntajcron, lns cutrcs pcfal nprasaitnr braiêns fa funs cu fns trës bntajcrons (@ABG, K., 04>2). >.2.6. Asqualns Rajuifc Nnrci @abg (04>:), mostcrobnlaita c bcibaotc fa asqualns tal sau euifnlaitc in Tsobchcjon fc sïbuhc ]]. Raifc usnfc crojoinhlaita pcr Tonjat al >?05 a @nrthatt al >?20. Bcl c c`katovc fa ‘fasbravar ns astruturns qua oitajrnl a fâc sojioeobnfc ncs avaitcs“ (p.0=). Bcisofarnfc salahmnita nc bcibaotc fa asqualns fasaivchvofc pcr Jacrja Gahhy al >?11, faicloinfc fa bcistrutcs passcnos. Faitrc fc bcitaxtc psobcpntchòjobc, c tarlc eco nphobnfc prolaornlaita ä faprassâc. Nnrci @abg (>?:5 npuf   _CQIJ7 P_JM7 ZAOI@APJAP7 @ABG, 04>5) snhoaitcu n rahavàibon fa asqualns ics pnboaitas faprassovcs a fau n sajuoita faeoioêâc; Ql asqualn ï uln astruturn bcjiotovn pnrn sahabocinr, bcfoeobnr a nvnhonr cs astìluhcs qua tël oiehuëibon sc`ra c crjnioslc... Bcl `nsa iassn lntroz fa asqualns, c oifovìfuc bcisajua sa croaitnr al rahnêâc nc talpc a nc aspnêc a bntajcroznr a oitarpratnr ns axparoëibons fa uln lniaorn qua taimnl saitofc (p.0=1).

Unha rassnhtnr qua cs bcibaotcs fa braiêns baitrnos a asqualns sâc bcieuifofcs al nhjulns sotunêñas. Nhjuis nutcras sa raearal äs braiêns baitrnos

>0

bclc saifc asqualns, pcrïl Nnrci @abg foearaibocu cs fcos bcibaotcs. Tnrn Nnrci @abg, ‘cs asqualns asqualns sâc astruturns bcjiotovns faitrc faitrc fn laita, bukc bcitaûfc aspabìeobc sâc ns braiêns iubhanras“ (npuf  @ABG, @ABG, K., 04>2, p. 06?). Bclc c`sarvnfc, cs asqualns iâc sâc fatabtîvaos pcr oitrcspabêâc, al`crn cs bcitaûfcs fns braiêns pcssnl sar fosbariofcs. Al icla fn solphobofnfa, usnlcs n pnhnvrn ‘braiên“ pnrn ics raearorlcs ncs asqualns a saus bcitaûfcs bcjiotovcs. Cs asqualns tnl`ïl tël uln sïroa fa prcproafnfas nhïl fa sau bcitaûfc; ntovnêâc, jrnu fa bnrjn, parlanòhofnfa a nbclcfnêâc (@ABG, Nnrci V., 04>:, p.0=).

Kaeeray _cuij, K. Pyjm, N. Zaoiàrjar a Nnrci @abg, (04>5) neorlnl qua n pnrtor fa c`sarvnêñas bhìiobns, _cuij parbaàu ul su`topc fa asqualns, iclanfc fa Asqualns Oiobonos Fasnfnptntovcs (AOFs). Ecrnl ofaitoeobnfcs >= AOFs. Bcibaotunfcs bclc talns ecrtalaita astîvaos, fasaivchvofcs furnita n oieàibon a ahn`crnfcs nc hcijc fn vofn fc oifovìfuc. Bcisofarnfcs foseuibocinos al ul jrnu sojioeobntovc. Oitarpratnfcs bclc varfnfas n`schutns, sâc rasostaitas ä lufniên, bnrrajnfcs fa neatcs a jarnhlaita cbcrral ecrn fn bcisboëibon. Inòijar (04>5, p.0=), raecrên qua cs AOFs ‘sâc astruturns astîvaos a furnfcurns fn parscinhofnfa fc sukaotc, qua sa fasaivchval prabcbalaita a sa aibcitrnl aibc itrnl nsscbonfns n fovarsns psobcpntchcjons“. Râc ecrlnfns in oieàibon cu nfchasbëibon, nfchasbëib on, pcfaifc fasaibnfanr ranêñas eìsobns a alcbocinos rahnbocinfns bcl ahalaitcs òchòjobcs. Nhjuis fassas asqualns surjal furnita c parìcfc prïvar`nh fn broniên, cifa npains sâc nrlnzainfns lalòrons alcbocinos a saisnêñas bcrpcrnos. Rurjoifc ns bcjioêñas a c fasaivchvolaitc fc paisnlaitc qunifc n broniên bclaên n enhnr. >.2.1. Fostcrêñas Bcjiotovns Cs pnboaitas bclatal arrcs parsostaitas qunifc paisnl. In lnocron fcs bnscs, axosta uln taifëibon iajntovn ic prcbassnlaitc fns oiecrlnêñas fa passcns qua sceral fa nhjul trnistcric psoquoîtrobc. Assas prcbassnlaitcs fostcrbofcs, bcisofarnfcs arrcs fa paisnlaitc sâc bmnlnfcs fa fostcrêñas bcjiotovns (@ABG, K., 04>2). Tcfa-sa bcisofarnr qua nhjuis paisnlaitcs nutclîtobcs pcfal sar varfnfaorcs, pcrïl luotcs sâc oivarfnfas, fostcrbofcs cu tël npains ul euifc fa varfnfa. Vnl`ïl iclanfcs bclc arrcs tìpobcs fa paisnlaitc, nrlnfohmn fc

>2

paisnlaitc

cu

solphaslaita

fostcrêñas

bcjiotovns,

bclc

laibocinfc

nitarocrlaita. Bhnssoeobnfcs pcr @abg, K. bclc (04>2, p.040); >. 0.

Taisnlaitc fc topc tufc cu infn; tal n ofaon fa npains funs bntajcrons fonita fa uln sotunêâc. Bntnstrceoznêâc; iâc axosta cutrn pcssoòhofnfa qua iâc rasuhtnfcs

iajntovcs al sun Fasqunhoeobnr cu pravosâc. fasbcisofarnr c pcsotovc; fozar n so pròproc qua tcfns ns `cns axparoëibons iâc bcitnl. 6. Pnbocbìioc alcbocinh; nbaotn nhjc bclc varfnfa pcrqua ‘saitou“ (nbrafotcu), bchcbnifc fa hnfc ns avofëibons bcitrîrons. 1. Pctuhnêâc; bchcbn ul ròtuhc al so laslc cu al cutrns passcns fasbcisofarnifc ns avofëibons fa uln bcibhusâc laics fasnstrcsn. 5. Lnjioeobnêâc/loioloznêâc; lnxolozn sotunêñas ruois a loiolozn pcitcs iajntovcs. :. Eohtrc laitnh; ntaiêâc ecbn ic rasuhtnfc iajntovc fasbnrtnifc c tcfc. =. Haoturn laitnh; nbrafotn qua snà c qua c cutrc paisn cu saita n raspaotc fa so laslc. ?. Ruparjaiarnhoznêâc; n pnrtor fa ul entc oschnfc torn bcibhusñas n`rnijaitas >4. Tarscinhoznêâc; ntroùo n so pròproc c qua nbcitaba fa ruol nc sau rafcr. >>. Neorlnêñas bcl ‘favaron“ a ‘taimc qua“; ofaon eoxn fa bclc cs cutrcs a vcbë laslc fava sa bclpcrtnr moparvnhcroznifc c quâc ruol sarî bnsc ns axpabtntovns iâc saknl ntaifofns. >0. Uosâc al tûiah; aixarjn npains nspabtcs iajntovcs fn sotunêâc. 2.

>.6. BCIBAOVQNHO[NÊÂC BCJIOVOUN Nhïl fn Varnpon Bcjiotovc-bclpcrtnlaitnh sa `nsanr ic lcfahc bcjiotovc-bclpcrtnlaitnh a saus bcibaotcs, c trntnlaitc tnl`ïl ï euifnlaitnfc in bcibaotunhoznêâc bcjiotovn. Aitaifofn bclc uln lniaorn fa ecrluhnr c bnsc, al`nsnfn ics fnfcs bchatnfcs, ùsbnifc aitaifar cs entcras qua bcitroùal pnrn n lniutaiêâc fc prc`haln. N bchatn fa fnfcs fasfa c prolaorc lclaitc ï assaibonh pnrn qua sakn ahn`crnfc ul phnic fa trntnlaitc, cifa mopòtasas sarâc ahn`crnfns a tïbiobns sarâc nphobnfns al àiaeìboc fc pnboaita (@ABG, K., 04>2). Nnrci @abg (04>:), faeaifa qua ï iabassîroc uln bcibaotunhoznêâc pnrn qunhquar qunfrc bhìiobc. Rajuifc c nutcr, n Varnpon Bcjiotovc-bclpcrtnlaitnh fapaifa fassn ecrluhnêâc fc bnsc. Paecrênifc n rahavàibon fn nfnptnêâc oifovofunhoznfn, cu sakn, uln bcibaotunhoznêâc bcjiotovn bcistruìfn havnifc al bcisofarnêâc äs pnrtobuhnrofnfas fa bnfn bnsc aspabìeobc. Tnrn Kufotm @abg (04>2), n bcibaotunhoznêâc bcjiotovn ùsbn voibuhnr fa ecrln hòjobn cs paisnlaitcs nutclîtobcs nc iìvah lnos prceuifc fns braiêns foseuibocinos. N pnrtor fc praaibmolaitc fa ul fonjrnln fa bcibaotunhoznêâc, c

>6

psobctarnpautn ùsbn bchatnr fnfcs bclc, pcr axalphc, sotunêñas, paisnlaitcs nutclîtobcs, alcêñas, bclpcrtnlaitcs, braiêns, aitra cutrcs fnfcs rahavnitas. Assn bchatn nbcitaba fa ecrln bchn`crntovn bcl c pnboaita, `nsanfc al oiecrlnêñas qua c pròproc pnboaita nprasaitn, sa pcssìvah, ins pròprons pnhnvrns fc laslc. >.1. VÏBIOBNR BCJIOVOUC-BCLTCPVNLAIVNOR N`crfnjais bcjiotovc-bclpcrtnlaitnos oibhual ics saus prctcbchcs fa trntnlaitc n lafonêâc fns bcjioêñas a ns astrntïjons bclpcrtnlaitnos. Aientoznifc n oiehuëibon fn oitarpratnêâc bcjiotovn a fcs paisnlaitcs fostcrbofcs ic bclpcrtnlaitc fns passcns (FALNP[C7 @NPPCR7 CHOUAOPN, 04>1). Ns tïbiobns bcjiotovc-bclpcrtnlaitnos tël bclc proibopnh c`katovc oiehuaibonr cs paisnlaitcs, mulcr, ns ranêñas eosochòjobns a cs bclpcrtnlaitcs fc pnboaita. Ofaitoeobnifc, axnloinifc a lcfoeobnifc ns bcjioêñas foseuibocinos, pcssoòhotnifc n lufniên fa bclpcrtnlaitcs. Ns tïbiobns sâc asbchmofns n pnrtor fns mopòtasas havnitnfns bcl n bcibaotunhoznêâc bcjiotovn bcjiotovn (@ABG, K., 04>2). N sajuor uln `rava fasbroêâc fa nhjulns tïbiobns bcjiotovcbclpcrtnlaitnos. Oiobonhlaita, c quastocinlaitc scbrîtobc, qua sâc parjuitns nàrtns, ùsbnifc quastocinr cs euifnlaitcs fcs paisnlaitcs nutclîtobcs fc pnboaita. Vaifc bclc euifnlaitc n ùsbn pcr avofëibons qua sustaitnl cu iâc, paisnlaitcs nutclîtobcs a braiêns, nssol bclc, pcssìvaos nhtarintovns pnrn oitarpratnr n sotunêâc (PNIJÏ7 RCQ[N, 04>1). Axosta tnl`ïl c traoinlaitc fa raschuêâc fa prc`halns, qua vosn fasaivchvar

mnòhofnfas

fa

nutclciotcrnlaitc,

nvnhonêâc

fa

pcssìvaos

bcisaquëibons, sahaêâc fa uln prcvîvah schuêâc a bnsc sakn iabassîroc, ùsbnr uln schuêâc nhtarintovn. C proibopnh c`katovc ï c npraifoznfc fa raspcstns lnos euibocinos fonita fa bciehotcs oitarpasscnos a tclnfn fa fabosâc (NRRQLTÊÂC7 VACFCPC7 LNHVCIO7 IAQEAHF, 04>:). N psobcafubnêâ psobcafubnêâc c tnl`ïl ï uln tïbiobn olpcrtnita. Val c c`katovc fa aisoinr nc pnboaita sc`ra c sau prc`haln, axphobnifc bclc cbcrral cs prcbasscs bcjiotovcs a bclpcrtnlaitnos, nkufnifc-c n sar ntovc in lufniên. Fasaivchvaifc

>1

assa npraifoznfc furnita c prcbassc psobctarnpëutobc. Trolaornlaita, ùsbn-sa aisoinr nc pnboaita n rahnêâc aitra paisnlaitcs, astnfcs fa mulcr a bclpcrtnlaitcs. bclpcrtnlaitc s. Nssol, cs pnboaitas sâc aisoinfcs n bcrrojor fostcrêñas bcjiotovns, pcr laoc fa paisnlaitcs lnos ranhostns, pcfaifc bmajnr n ofaitoeobnêâc a lcfoeobnêâc fa braiêns (FALNP[C7 @NPPCR7 CHOUAOPN, 04>1). Cutrns tïbiobns olpcrtnitas sâc n fassaisoòhoznêâc sostalîtobn a oiuifnêâc, nl`ns tël bclc `nsa proibìpocs bclpcrtnlaitnos fa bcifobocinlaitc. Mî tnl`ïl c traoinlaitc fn nssartovofnfa a fa mnòhofnfas scbonos. Vraoinlaitcs qua vosnl c npraifoznfc fa mnòhofnfas pnrn nkufnr c pnboaita n njor fn lahmcr ecrln pcssìvah, sal sa saitor cu faoxnr cs cutrcs fasbciecrtîvaos (RNFCBG7 RNFCBG7 PQO[, 04>:). Jraaiàrjar a Tnfasgy (04>:) fastnbnl oiûlarns tïbiobns. Aientoznl c usc fc Pajostrc fa Taisnlaitcs Foseuibocinos, ùsbn pcr avofëibons, satn fasbaifaita, tcrtn fn raspcisnòhofnfa a atb. Fastnqua pnrn nhjuis quastociîrocs, asbnhns

a

tnàhns

qua

ùsbnl

fasaivchvar

fa

ecrln

bcisostaita

c

nutclciotcrnlaitc, àiaeobonifc c pnboaita ic prcbassc fa ofaitoeobnêâc a lcfoeobnêâc fa pnfrñas foseuibocinos. Kufotm

@abg

(04>2)

nprasaitn

vîrons

tïbiobns

bcjiotovns

a

bclpcrtnlaitnos bclc, pcr axalphc, axparolaitcs bclpcrtnlaitnos pnrn tastnr braiêns, rcha-phnys, hostn fa vnitnjais a fasvnitnjais, rahnxnlaitc, loifeuhiass, axpcsoêâc, bcitoiuul bcjiotovc, aitra cutrns. N nutcrn botnfn, raecrên qua ns tïbiobns

fn

Varnpon

Bcjiotovc-bclpcrtnlaitnh

c`katovnl

oiehuaibonr

cs

paisnlaitcs, paisnlai tcs, astnfcs fa mulcr, ranêñas eìsobns a bclpcrtnlaitcs. >.5. TPOIBÌTOCR FN VAPNTON BCJIOVOUC-BCLTCPVNLAIVNH Pnijï a Rcuzn (04>1) rahntnl qua n Varnpon Bcjiotovc-bclpcrtnlaitnh ï uln n`crfnjal astruturnfn, ntovn, foratovn, croaitnfn pnrn c prc`haln, bcl euifnlaitc ic lcfahc bcjiotovc. Nprasaitnifc bclc bnrnbtarìstobn n nphobnêâc fa prcbafolaitcs bhìiobcs bclc oisojmt, tasta fa ranhofnfa cu oitrcspabêâc, vosnifc bcrrojor oitarpratnêñas aquovcbnfns qua pcfal jarnr scerolaitc a bclpcrtnlaitcs fasnkustnfcs.

>5

Axostal proibìpocs qua nkufnl n icrtanr n prîtobn bhìiobn in n`crfnjal bcjiotovc-bclpcrtnlaitnh. bcjiotovc-bclpc rtnlaitnh. Passnhtnifc qua n n n`crfnjal `crfnjal sa nfïqun n bnfn passcn. @abg, K. (04>2, p.0:) aiularn faz proibìpocs `îsobcs, qua sâc; >.

N Varnpon Bcjiotovc-bclpcrtnlaitnh astî `nsanfn al uln ecrluhnêâc al fasaivchvolaitc bcitìiuc fcs prc`halns fcs pnboaitas a al uln bcibaotunêâc oifovofunh fa bnfn pnboaita al tarlcs bcjiotovcs. 0. N Varnpon Bcjiotovc-bclpcrtnlaitnh raquar uln nhoniên tarnpëutobn sòhofn. 2. N Varnpon Bcjiotovc-bclpcrtnlaitnh aientozn n bchn`crnêâc a n pnrtobopnêâc ntovn. 6. N Varnpon Bcjiotovc-bcl Bcjiotovc-bclpcrtnlaitnh pcrtnlaitnh ï croaitnfn pnrn cs c`katovcs a ecbnfn ics prc`halns. 1. N Varnpon Bcjiotovc-bclpcrtnlaitnh aientozn oiobonhlaita c prasaita. 5. N Varnpon Bc Bcjiotovc-bclpcrtnlaitnh jiotovc-bclpcrtnlaitnh ï afubntovn, tal bclc c`katovc aisoinr c pnboaita n sar sau pròproc tarnpautn a aientozn n pravaiêâc fa rabnìfn. :. N Varnpon Bcjiotovc-bclpcrtnlaitnh vosn sar holotnfn ic talpc. =. Ns sassñas fa Varnpon Bcjiotovc-bclpcrtnlaitnh sâc astruturnfns. ?. N Varnpon Bcjiotovc-bclpcrtnlaitnh aisoin cs pnboaitas n ofaitoeobnr, nvnhonr a raspcifar ncs saus paisnlaitcs a braiêns foseuibocinos. >4. N Varnpon Bcjiotovc-bclpcrtnlaitnh usn uln vnroafnfa fa tïbiobns pnrn lufnr c paisnlaitc, c mulcr a c bclpcrtnlaitc.

Cs proibìpocs rahntnfcs sâc `îsobcs a pcfal sar nphobnfcs n tcfns ns passcns. Tcfaifc vnronr fa nbcrfc bcl n inturazn fcs prc`halns a c lclaitc fa vofn fn passcn, nssol bclc, jëiarc, buhturn, iìvah oitahabtunh, lctovnêâc pnrn lufniên, vìibuhc tarnpëutobc, praearëibons fa trntnlaitc a atb. Nssol bclc, vnronr c trntnlaitc n pnrtor fcs c`katovcs fc pnboaita (@ABG, K., 04>2). >.:. PAHNÊÂC VAPNTËQVOBN Pnijï a Rcuzn (04>1) axphobnl sc`ra n olpcrtàibon fa uln rahnêâc tarnpëutobn sòhofn bclc bcifoêâc iabassîron pnrn uln Varnpon Bcjiotovcbclpcrtnlaitnhh aeatovn. Passnhtnl n prasaiên fa ntroùtcs bclc oitarassa jaiuìic, bclpcrtnlaitn bnhcr mulnic, nutaitobofnfa a alpnton. Axostoifc tnl`ïl uln rahnêâc bchn`crntovn aitra c psobctarnpautn a pnboaita, faholotnifc cs c`katovcs fn psobctarnpon, prnzc, soitclns procroznfcs, axarbìbocs tarnpëutobcs a furnêâc fc nbclpnimnlaitc. Ics prolaorcs bcitntcs bcl c pnboaita ï assaibonh fasaivchvar assn rahnêâc tarnpëutobn fa bcieoniên. Pahnêñas tarnpëutobns pcsotovns astâc hojnfns ncs rasuhtnfcs pcsotovcs furnita c trntnlaitc. Assn rahnêâc pcsotovn ï nhbniênfn enbohlaita bcl n lnocron fcs pnboaitas, lns fava-sa rassnhtnr qua n rahnêâc

>:

tarnpëutobn sa tcrin lnos foeìboh bcl pnboaitas fonjicstobnfcs bcl trnistcrics laitnos jrnvas (@ABG, K., 04>2). >.=. NTHOBNÊÑAR BHÌIOBN Laslc saifc uln n`crfnjal rahntovnlaita icvn, n Varnpon Bcjiotovcbclpcrtnlaitnh ï bcisofarnfn uln hoimn psobctarnpëutobn fa subassc, proibopnhlaita pnrn cs trnistcrics fa nisoafnfa, fapaifëibon quìlobn a mulcr. Nprasaitnifc nvnhonêâc, fonjiòstobc a prctcbchc tarnpëutobc astruturnfc `nsanfc al lcfahcs bcjiotovcs a bcl supcrta al pasquosns iaurcòchòjobns. Unha rassnhtnr qua rabaitalaita nhjuis astufcs fa iaurcolnjal bcrrc`crnrnl n lahmcrn fa pnboaitas su`latofcs nc trntnlaitc bcjiotovc-bclpcrtnlaitnh, bcistntnifc nhtarnêñas al vons iaurnos (IN@OIJAP, 04>5). Nnrci @abg raecrên qua n Varnpon Bcjiotovc-bclpcrtnlai Bcjiotovc-bclpcrtnlaitnh tnh tal sofc aeobnz ic trntnlaitc fa vîrocs trnistcrics. Falcistrnifc sar uln psobctarnpon fa subassc pnrn passcns bcl Vrnistcric Faprassovc Lnocr, Vrnistcric fa Tàiobc, Ecòns aspabìeobns, trnistcrics fa nisoafnfa, nholaitnras, nùsc fa îhbcch, frcjns, trnistcrics rahnbocinfcs nc astrassa a cutrcs prc`halns (JPAAI@APJAP7 TNFARG_, 04>:). Nhïl fn nphobnòhofnfa bhìiobn ncs trnistcrics laitnos, n Varnpon Bcjiotovc-bclpcrtnlaitnh Bcjiotovc-bclpc rtnlaitnh val nhbniênifc cutrns îrans a foearaitas pû`hobcs, bclc neorln @abg, K. (04>2, p.02); N Varnpon Bcjiotovc-bclpcrtnlaitnh tal sofc nfnptnfn n pnboaitas bcl foearaitas iìvaos fa afubnêâc a raifn, àl bclc n uln vnroafnfa fa buhturns a ofnfas, fasfa broniêns paquains ntï nfuhtcs bcl ofnfa lnos nvniênfn. Ï usnfn ntunhlaita al buofnfcs prolîrocs a cutrns aspabonhoznêñas fn snûfa, asbchns, prcjrnlns vcbnbocinos a prosñas, aitra cutrcs bcitaxtcs. Ï utohoznfn ics ecrlntcs fa jrupc, bnsnh a enlìhon.

Ntunhlaita axosta ul asecrêc pnrn tcrinr n Varnpon Bcjiotovcbclpcrtnlaitnh lnos fospciìvah a nbassìvah eoinibaornlaita. Axphcrnifc nhtarintovns bclc n Varnpon Bcjiotovc-bclpcrtnlaitnh al jrupc (VBBJ) a pahn oitariat (VBBO). Rustaitnifc n aeobîbon fn VBBO juonfn pcr lntaronos fa nutcnkufn astruturnfcs a bcitntc bcl c psobctarnpautn pcr a-lnoh, bclpnrîvah ä psobctarnpon prasaibonh (_CQIJ7 P_JM7 ZAOI@APJAP7 @ABG, 04>5).

>=

0. C ARVPARRA 0.>. NRTABVCR JAPNOR FC ARVPARRA C @rnsoh ï c sajuifc pnìs bcl c lnocr iûlarc fa passcns astrassnfns, barbn fa 24% fn pcpuhnêâc `rnsohaorn, ntovn abciclobnlaita. Tarfaifc npains pnrn c Knpâc bcl nprcxolnfnlaita :4% fn pcpuhnêâc neatnfn pahc astrassa. Bmoin, AQN a Nhalnimn tnl`ïl astâc in hostn fcs pnìsas lnos astrassnfcs, bcl 06%, 04% a >:% fn sun pcpuhnêâc sceraifc ns bcisaquëibons fc astrassa axbassovc (ROHUN7 HACIOFOC7 EPAOVNR, 04>1). @csnopc (04>5) neorln qua fasfa lanfcs fc sïbuhc ]O] axosta ul fa`nta al tcric fc bcibaotc astrassa. Oiobonhlaita faeoiofc bclc ul bcibaotc euifnlaitnh fn eìsobn, sa raearoifc n ecrên, cu bcikuitc fa ecrêns, qua funs pcrêñas fa lntïron axarbonl raboprcbnlaita aitra so n eol fa nhbniênr ul astnfc fa aquohì`roc. C tarlc astrassa npnraba crojoinhlaita al astufcs ranhoznfcs pahn Eìsobn a eco oitrcfuzofc al îrans bclc Lafoboin, Tsobchcjon a Eosochcjon. Ic bnlpc fn snûfa c tarlc astrassa eco oitrcfuzofc aspaboeobnlaita al >?25, pahc eosochcjostn bninfaisa Mnis Rahya. Fasbravau c astrassa bclc saifc uln nlanên ranh cu pctaibonh ä mclacstnsa mc lacstnsa oitarin fc crjnioslc, pcfaifc neatnr n oitajrofnfa eìsobn a laitnh fc oifovìfuc. C astrassa ï ul eaiölaic luotc bclphaxc qua sa rahnbocin bcl nspabtcs òchòjobcs, psobchòjobcs a scbonos (LNON, 04>5). Ic @rnsoh tal sa tcrinfc bclul ä quaoxn; ‘astcu astrassnfc(n)“. Lns pcr qua nhjulns passcns sa astrassnl bcl lnos enbohofnfa a cutrns iâc3 Luotns vazas, funs passcns vovaibonl n lasln sotunêâc, uln sa fasasparn a sa foz astrassnfn, aiqunitc n cutrn bcisajua hofnr bcl c prc`haln sal sar foratnlaita neatnfn (HOTT, 04>6). 0.>.>. Faeoioêâc C astrassa pcfa sar bnrnbtaroznfc pcr uln sïroa fa ranêñas fc crjnioslc fonita fa nhjuln sotunêâc qua iabassota nfnptnêâc. Tcfaifc sar faeoiofc bclc ranêâc fc crjnioslc fonita fa sotunêñas pcsotovns cu iajntovns, qua iabassota fa ul asecrêc pnrn sa nfnptnr. Bcisofarnifc qua c asecrêc pcfa sar pcr

>?

quastñas axtarins bclc, pcr axalphc, axojëibons fc bctofonic, cu asecrêcs oitarics, bclc bc`rniêns sc`ra so laslc (@NPNBMC, 04>2). 0.0. TPOIBOTNOR LABNIORLCR FC ARVPARRA ûnifc ul crjnioslc mulnic eobn fonita fa astìluhcs qua bnusnl c fasaquohì`roc mclacstîtobc ï fasaibnfanfc nhtarnêñas iaurcaifòbroins bcl c c`katovc fa prcpcrbocinr n nfnptnêâc iabassîron a rabuparnr c aquohì`roc. Lnos bcimabofc bclc ra ranêâc nêâc fa hutn cu euj eujn. n.

Assas a astìluhcs stìluhcs sâc bmnln bmnlnfcs fcs fa

astrasscras,, pcos bnusnl c fasaquohì`roc fc crjnioslc (VPAVVAIA, 04>5). astrasscras Panjor n ul astrasscr aivchva pahc laics trës iìvaos fa raspcstn ic crjnioslc; bcjiotovc, bclpcrtnlaitnh a eosochòjobc. Bcjiotovnlaita, c oifovìfuc parbaà c astrassa su`katovnlaita, bcl c c`katovc fa raspcifar nfnptntovnlaita ä sotunêâc. C bclpcrtnlaitc pcfa vnronr aitra uln raspcstn fa hutn cu eujn. Mnis Rahya faeoiou n raspcstn eosochòjobn nc astrassa al trës astîjocs; >. Nhartn7 0. Pasostëibon a 2. Axnustâc. Lnos bcimabofc bclc Rìifrcla fa Nfnptnêâc Jarnh (LNON, 04>5). Lczznl`nio (04>5) axphobn qua n ensa fa nhartn pcfa sar aitaifofn bclc ‘Panêâc fa nhnrla“, cifa axosta lcòhoznêâc fa ecrêns faeaisovns. In ensa ensa fa Pasostëibon nbcitaba n nfnptnêâc bclphatn nc astrasscr. A, pcr eol, c astîjoc fa Axnustâc qua oiavotnvahlaita nbcitaba sa n sotunêâc astrassnita ecr luotc jrnva cu sa cbcrrar pcr ul hcijc parìcfc fa talpc, bcisofarnifc qua n aiarjon fa nfnptnêâc fa ul crjnioslc ï salpra eoiotn. N ensa ûnsa Axnustâc eco nbrasbaitnfn pcstarocrlaita fnifc crojal nc lcfahc qunfroeîsobc. Fovofofc al; Nhartn, Pasostëibon, ûnsa Axnustâc a Axnustâc. N fostoiêâc fa uln ensa pnrn n cutrn, sa fî pahn furnêâc fc njaita astrasscr a pahn prasaiên fa soitclns crjàiobcs a/cu psobchòjobcs. N ensa fa ûnsa Axnustâc ï bnrnbtaroznfn pahc aiernquabolaitc fc crjnioslc fonita fa astrasscras a npnrabolaitc fa fcaiêns (@NPNBMC, 04>2). C astrassa ic lcfahc qunfroeîsobc ï aitaifofc bclc uln ranêâc fc crjnioslc bcl bclpciaitas psobchòjobcs, eìsobcs a mcrlcinos, qua cbcrra qunifc surja n iabassofnfa fa uln nfnptnêâc jrnifa n ul avaitc cu sotunêâc fa

04

olpcrtàibon. Tcfaifc sar c pcsotovc cu iajntovc. C astrassa pcsotovc ï c fn ensa oiobonh fa nhartn, qunifc c crjnioslc prcfuz nfrainhoin, n qunh fî aiarjon a enz n passcn prcfuzor lnos a sar lnos brontovn. Tcr cutrc hnfc, c astrassa iajntovc ï jarnfc pahc axbassc, cbcrraifc qunifc n passcn uhtrnpnssn saus holotas a asjctn n sun bnpnbofnfa fa nfnptnêâc (TPOQHO7 LCPNAR7 BMONPNUNHHCVO, 04>6). @csnopc (04>5) rntoeobn qua c crjnioslc raspcifa iaurceosochcjobnlaita ncs astrasscras pahc sostaln Mopctîhnlc-Totuotîron-Nfrainh (MTN) a tnl`ïl pahc sostaln solpîtobc nfraiclafuhnr. Njoifc fa ecrln bccrfainfn, cs fcos sostalns trn`nhmnl ic latn`choslc lcòhoznifc aiarjon a rafostroùoifc raburscs bclc, pcr axalphc, cxojëioc a iutroaitas, pnrn òrjâcs a tabofcs. C c`katovc ï prapnrnr n raspcstn fc crjnioslc nc astìluhc astrasscr a ratcrinr nc aquohì`roc. C prcfutc eoinh fn ntovnêâc fc sostaln Mopctîhnlc-Totuotîron-Nfrainh (MTN) sâc cs mcrlöiocs jhobcbcrtobòofas. Run prcfuêâc a hoàrnêâc fapaifa fn astoluhnêâc fc iûbhac pnrnvaitrobuhnr fc mopctîhnlc (TUI) qua rabaà astìluhcs astì luhcs fa foearaitas astruturns bclc n nlìjfnhn a c mopcbnlpc a soitatozn c entcr hoàrnfcr fa bcrtobctrceoin a vnscprassoin. N bcrtobctrceoin ï hoàrnfn in jhàifuhn potuotîron, cifa soitatozn a sabratn c mcrlöioc nfraicbcrtobctròeobc (NBVM). C nfraicbcrtobctròeobc (NBVM) qua eco hoàrnfc in bcrraita snijuìian bmajn äs jhàifuhns nfrainos a astoluhn n prcfuêâc a hoàrnêâc fa jhobcbcrtobòofas (NIMQNLNI, 04>6). C bcrtosch ï c proibopnh jhobcbcrtobòofa sabratnfc in borbuhnêâc favofc nc astìluhc fn jhàifuhn nfrainh pahc mcrlöioc nfraicbcrtobctròeobc (NBVM). N mclacstnsa fc crjnioslc ï rastnàhabofn bcl ul soinh fa eaaf`nbg fc bcrtosch qua oioà n hoàrnêâc nfobocinh fa nfraicbcrtobctròeobc (NBVM) pahn mopòeosa a fa bcrtobctrceoin pahc mopctîhnlc eoinhoznifc n nêâc fc sostaln Mopctîhnlc-Totuotîron Nfrainh (MTN). Assa labnioslc fa eaaf`nbg cbcrra ntrnvïs fn hojnêâc fc bcrtosch ncs saus rabaptcras loiarnhcbcrtobòofas a jhobcbcrtobòofas jhobcbcrtobòofas (@CRNOTC, 04>5). Assn ï uln raspcstn iaurceosochòjobn nutcholotnfn, qua fava sar fashojnfn qunifc c astìluhc bassnr, bcl c c`katovc fa iâc bclprclatar n mclacstnsa fc crjnioslc. Bcitufc, al sotunêñas fa astrassa prchcijnfc, assn raspcstn bcitoiun bcl pctaibonh fa sa tcrinr bröiobn a fasnfnptntovn. Bcisofarnifc qua n parsostëibon fc astrassa havn n hasñas a foseuiêñas iaurcòchòjobns, ï

0>

pcssìvah qua tnl`ïl astakn bcrrahnbocinfn ncs prakuìzcs iaurcpsobchòjobcs (LC[[NL@NIO, 04>5). Bclc rahntnfc, foearaitas îrans fc bïra`rc astâc aivchvofns in raspcstn fc crjnioslc nc astrassa. Oibhusova, ns îrans raspcisîvaos pcr euiêñas bcjiotovns bclc, pcr axalphc, ntaiêâc, euiêñas axabutovns a lalòron. Rnà-sa qua nhtcs iìvaos fa bcrtosch pcr hcijc parìcfc fa talpc pcfal oiehuaibonr ic euibocinlaitc fc

mopcbnlpc,

cbnsocinifc

prakuìzc

ic

fasalpaimc

fn

lalòron

a

bcisaquaitalaita al cutrns euiêñas bcjiotovns. Passnhtnifc qua c mopcbnlpc nhïl fa sar raspcisîvah pahn lalòron, tnl`ïl axarba oiehuëibon in rajuhnêâc fn hoàrnêâc fa bcrtosch (LNON, 04>5). Iaurcpsobchcjobnlaita, cs jhobcbcrtobòofas sâc euifnlaitnos in rajuhnêâc fa nhjuis bclpcrtnlaitcs, oiehuaibonifc tnl`ïl, vîrons raspcstns alcbocinos a bcjiotovns. Axostal luotcs rabaptcras fa loiarnhcbcrtobòofas a jhobcbcrtobòofas ic mopcbnlpc, saifc c proibopnh nhvc fn ntovofnfa jhobcbcrtobòofa ic bïra`rc. Bnusnifc `noxc fasalpaimc in lalòron pcr bnusn fa iìvaos ahavnfcs fa jhobcbcrtobòofa, fabcrraita fn axpcsoêâc prchcijnfn n astrasscras. Bcrrc`crnifc cs nbmnfcs fa bclprclatolaitc ins euiêñas fn lalòron favofc nc nhtc iìvah fa astrassa (NIMQNLNI, 04>6). Cs aeaotcs fc bcrtosch ics prcbasscs iaurcpsobchòjobcs iaurcpsobchòjobcs astâc rahnbocinfcs pcr bnusn fn pcsoêâc iaurcnintölobn, pcos c iûbhac pnrnvaitrobuhnr fc mopctîhnlc lnitïl bciaxñas bcl nlìjfnhn, mopcbnlpc a bòrtax prï-ercitnh. C bcrtosch oioà n ntovofnfa fc bòrtax prï-ercitnh. Oivarsnlaita, ns raspcstns fa inturazn alcbocinh sâc astoluhnfns a ecrtnhabofns pcr bnusn fn ntovnêâc fn nlìjfnhn. Bcisaquaitalaita, nbcitaba ul prakuìzc ic bcitrcha rajuhntòroc fc bòrtax prïercitnh, bronifc ul bobhc vobocsc pcr bnusn fc ecrtnhabolaitc fn nlìjfnhn. Nssol, c crjnioslc pnssn fa ul bcitrcha bcisboaita, rajuhnfc pahcs prcbasscs bcjiotovcs a pahn lalòron, pnrn ul bcitrcha alcbocinh lnos rîpofc, raehaxc a rahnbocinfc ä nlìjfnhn (@CRNOTC, 04>5). 0.2. TPOIBOTNOR BNQRNR A BCIRA^QËIBONR FC ARVPARRA Rohvn, Haciofoc a Eraotns (04>1), fasbraval c nvniêc tabichòjobc a c nbassc n uln ranhofnfa raphatn fa pcssoòhofnfas, bclc nhjulns fns proibopnos

00

bnusns fc astrassa. Nssol, c oifovìfuc bcitalpcràiac sa fapnrn bcl uln olaisn vnroafnfa fa pcssoòhofnfas ntrnaitas, parlotoifc uhtrnpnssnr saus pròprocs holotas. Hcjc, n olpcssoòhofnfa fa nhbniênr n tctnh sntosenêâc, cs fasakcs oisnboîvaos a n brasbaita qunitofnfa fa falnifns passcnos a scbocnlòaitnos enzal bcl qua cs oifovìfucs axparolaital nhtcs iìvaos fa astrassa. Cutrn bnusn fa astrassa axbassovc ï nquahn jarnfn n pnrtor fa axparoëibons vovaibonfns pahc prceossocinh al borbuistàibons cifa snà c qua prabosn enzar lcrnh, ïtobn a tabiobnlaita, pcrïl pcr holotnêñas ranos ic nlòaita fa trn`nhmc, sa tcrin oibnpnz fa njor bciecrla ns icrlns axojofns. Assns sotunêñas sâc faeoiofns bclc astrassa lcrnh cu scerolaitc lcrnh, pcos pcfal neatnr c crjnioslc a cs rahnbocinlaitcs fc trn`nhmnfcr (ENBMOIO7 RBPOJIO7 HOLN, (04>:). Rajuifc Hopp (04>6) cs entcras oitarics fa uln passcn sâc ns ecitas lnos olpcrtnitas fa astrassa. N nutcrn iclaon bclc eî`robn pnrtobuhnr fa astrassa, nhjc qua n passcn bnrrajn bcisojc lasln bclc, pcr axalphc, braiêns, vnhcras, paisnlaitcs, paisnlai tcs, saitolaitcs, alcêñas a pnfrñas fa bclpcrtnlaitcs. Paecrên qua cs paisnlaitcs a n ecrln fa oitarpratnr c luifc sâc ns ecitas lnos parojcsns fa astrassa. Tcfa-sa rassnhtnr qua c sojioeobnfc qua ns passcns ntroùal äs sotunêñas ï luotc olpcrtnita ic prcbassc fa astrassa. A laslc prcpcrbocinifc scerolaitc, c astrassa tal pnpah euifnlaitnh pnrn n sc`ravovëibon, pcos pcssoòhotn nfnptnêâc n foearaitas sotunêñas furnita n vofn. Tcrtnitc, ï n ecrln bclc n passcn oitarpratn a ranja n uln fatarloinfn sotunêâc qua pcfa tcrinr c astrassa iajntovc a/cu pntchòjobc (@NPNBMC, 04>2). Lnon (04>5) raecrên qua al`crn n ranêâc eosochòjobn nc astrassa sakn ojunh, parbaàr uln sotunêâc bclc astrassnita fapaifa fa bnfn oifovìfuc. Tcssoòhotnifc qua ul laslc avaitc sakn bclpraaifofc, bclc astrassnita pnrn nhjulns passcns a iâc astrassnitas pnrn cutrns, pcos sa trntn fa uln ranêâc oiehuaibonfn pahn su`katovofnfa fn oitarpratnêâc. Tcrtnitc, n ranêâc ï oiehuaibonfn pahc rapartòroc fa axparoëibons oifovofunos a ic lcfc bclc c oifovìfuc sa rahnbocin bcl c luifc a bcl aha laslc.

02

@nrnbmc (04>2) neorln qua nhtcs iìvaos fa astrassa pcfal bnusnr bclprclatolaitc ic fasaivchvolaitc bcjiotovc, alcbocinh, eìsobc a scbonh. Troibopnhlaita qunifc ntoija broniêns a nfchasbaitas bclc, pcr axalphc, al sotunêñas fa vochëibon eìsobn, saxunh, iajhojëibon cu n`nifcic. Ns axojëibon axojëibonss scbonos tnl`ïl tël sa tcrinfc bnusn fa astrassa. Luotns vazas ns axojëibons sâc lnocras fc qua n bnpnbofnfa fn passcn, havnifc-c nc holota

fa

suns

pctaibonhofnfas,

nulaitnifc

n

prc`nòhofnfa

fa

ranjor

iajntovnlaita. Nprasaitnifc soitclns bclc bnisnêc, foeobuhfnfa pnrn sa bcibaitrnr, parfn fa lalòron olafontn, oitarearoifc foratnlaita ic fasalpaimc (@NPNBMC, 04>2). Cutrn bnusn fa astrassa ï c bcitaxtc prceossocinh, iclanfc fa astrassa cbupnbocinh. Cbcrra qunifc c oifovìfuc iâc bcisajua ntaifar äs falnifns fc trn`nhmc, bnusnifc scerolaitc psobchòjobc, lnh-astnr, lufniêns fa bclpcrtnlaitc, fostûròcs fc scic a saitolaitcs iajntovcs. C astrassa cbupnbocinh a n sìifrcla fc asjctnlaitc prceossocinh, lnos bcimabofn bclc ùricut, sâc npcitnfcs bclc prc`halns fa snûfa qua ntoijal foearaitas jrupcs fa trn`nhmnfcras. C ùricut   pcfa sar faeoiofc bclc uln ranêâc iajntovn nsscbonfn nc astrassa cbupnbocinh bröiobc, fasbrotn pahn prasaiên fa trës folaisñas; axnustâc alcbocinh7 fasparscinhoznêâc7 fasparscinh oznêâc7 a foloiuoêâc fn rranhoznêâc anhoznêâc passcnh ic trn`nhmc (FONR, 04>5). Rajuifc Rohvn a Rohvn (04>1), n sìifrcla fa ùricut ï n bnrnbtarìstobn lnos prasaita al trn`nhmnfcras bcl astrassa cbupnbocinh, ul ìifoba fa 16% fc tctnh fcs bnscs. Raifc bclul aitra aiearlaorcs, prceasscras, lïfobcs rasofaitas, aitra cutrcs prceossocinos. Bnusnifc olpnbtc in rafa fa npcoc fc trn`nhmnfcr a in scboafnfa. N Crjnioznêâc Luifonh fa Rnûfa neorln qua n lnocron fcs trn`nhmnfcras fa pnìsas oifustronhoznfcs bcisofarnl sau trn`nhmc bclc laitnhlaita pasnfc (@A[APPN7 NRROR7 BCIRVNIVOIC, 04>5). Lnon (04>5) rassnhtn qua parlniabar axpcstc n sotunêâc astrassnita pcr hcijc parìcfc pcfa jarnr asjctnlaitc, aiernquabolaitc fc crjnioslc a vuhiarnòhofnfa n fcaiêns bclc, ûhbarn, nharjons, nisoafnfa a faprassâc. Rohvn (04>1) bclphalaitn qua assn axpcsoêâc pcfa astnr nsscbonfn nc fasaivchvolaitc fa cutrns fcaiêns, bclc oisueoboëibon bnrfìnbn, ntarcsbharcsa, osqualon a mopartaisâc nrtaronh.

06

Nhïl fns bcisaquëibons botnfns nitarocrlaita, tnl`ïl pcfal surjor soitclns bclc, asquabolaitcs, taisâc lusbuhnr, nzon, fasakc fa sulor, aitra cutrcs, sâc nhjuis fcs soitclns qua pcfal tar rahnêâc bcl c astrassa. Npcitnifc luotns vazas pnrn fonjiòstobcs fa foearaitas fcaiêns, pcfaifc fasaibnfanr c surjolaitc fa jnstrota, mopartaisâc, aitra cutrcs qunfrcs bhìiobcs (HOTT, 04>6). Bcrrc`crnifc ns bcisaquëibons fc astrassa, Vrattaia (04>5) fasbrava qua c astrassa pcfa cbnsocinr prc`halns bclc, pcr axalphc, nhtarnêâc fc scic, nulaitc fn prassâc nrtaronh a fn eraquëibon bnrfìnbn, fcras in lusbuhnturn, nisoafnfa, enfojn, orrotnòhofnfa, prc`halns nholaitnras, `noxn bcibaitrnêâc. Noifn axphobn qua pcr bcitn fn nêâc fc bcrtosch sc`ra cs labnioslcs fn ecla, c astrassa pcfa rasuhtnr al sc`rapasc a ntï càsofnfa, entcras fa rosbc pnrn fcaiêns bnrfocvnsbuhnras. Nhtcs iìvaos fa astrassa ic nlòaita fa trn`nhmc fasaibnfaon fasaibnfaon ntovnêâc fc sostaln iarvcsc solpîtobc a foseuiêâc fc aoxc mopctîhnlc-mopceosîroc-nfrainh, cbnsocinifc, al hcijc prnzc, ahavnêâc parsostaita fn prassâc nrtaronh (TOLAIVN7 NRRQIÊÂC, 04>5). Assn ahavnêâc fn prassâc nrtaronh fonita fa astrasscras pcfa astnr nsscbonfn nc fasaivchvolaitc fn mopartaisâc nrtaronh (ROHUN, 04>1). Bciecrla Pcbbc (04>:), axpcsoêâc prchcijnfn n sotunêñas astrassnitas pcfa bcitroùor pnrn c fasaivchvolaitc fa faprassâc, cbnsocinifc soitclns bhìiobcs bclc, pcr axalphc, trostazn, npnton, passoloslc, niafcion, buhpn, paisnlaitcs rabcrraitas fa lcrta a ntï laslc suobìfoc. ûnfrcs fa nisoafnfa, bcl saisnêâc fa fasbciecrtc laitnh, pracbupnêâc axnjarnfn a oiquoatnêâc, tnl`ïl tal rahnêâc bcl sotunêñas astrassnitas. a strassnitas. Axostal avofëibons qua raecrênl n ofaon fa qua c astrassa ic bclaêc fn vofn nulaitnron n vuhiarnòhofnfa pnrn faprassâc in vofn nfuhtn pcr bnusn fns rapatofns nhtarnêñas in ntovofnfa fc sostaln Mopctîhnlc-Totuotîron-Nfrainh (MTN) oifuzofns pahns sotunêñas astrassnitas (@CRNOTC, 04>5). Rajuifc Lczznl`nio (04>5) nhjulns pasquosns bcl vatarnics fa juarrn lcstrnl qua n lniutaiêâc fa uln raspcstn fa astrassa pcfa astnr rahnbocinfn n ul astnfc fa moparvojohàibon, qua oifuz foseuiêñas ntaibocinos. Bcistntnifc prakuìzcs al tnraens qua aivchvonl ntaiêâc sustaitnfn a lalòron

01

cparnbocinh. N nutcrn noifn raecrên qua q ua assn moparvojohàibon pnraba bnusnr axbotnêâc fascrfainfn fa sostalns hìlòbcs a uln oibnpnbofnfa fc bòrtax prï-ercitnh al oioòr assn axbotnêâc a bclc bcisaquëibon axosta prakuìzc fn ntaiêâc sustaitnfn. Fa nbcrfc bcl Pcbbc (04>:), sotunêñas fa astrassa pcfal bnusnr prakuìzc in npraifoznjal pcr laoc fn suprassâc fn ntovofnfa mopcbnlpnh. Bcl c astrassa prchcijnfc, ul nhtc iìvah fa bcrtosch ï hoàrnfc, pcfaifc ntunr foratnlaita in nlìjfnhn, qua oitarnja bcl iauröiocs mopcbnlpnos, bnusnifc prakuìzcs. Aiqunitc n nlìjfnhn ï euifnlaitnh pnrn c npraifoznfc fns alcêñas, sun axbassovn astoluhnêâc pcfa ntrnpnhmnr c euibocinlaitc fc mopcbnlpc. C astrnfoch, ul fcs proibopnos mcrlöiocs saxunos ealoioics, pcfa lcfuhnr assa prcbassc, prctajaifc c mopcbnlpc, rafuzoifc cs aeaotcs fc astrassa a alcêñas iajntovns. Lnon (04>5) bclphalaitn qua pasquosns bcrrc`crnl qua c astrassa nulaitn n bnpnbofnfa ntaibocinh n astìluhcs olpcrtnitas. Bcitufc, cutrcs astufcs, aivchvaifc avaitcs astrassnitas a hasñas fc bòrtax prï-ercitnh lafonh, soinhoznl prakuìzcs ins euiêñas axabutovns bclc, pcr axalphc, in tclnfn fa fabosâc, bcitrcha oioòtòroc, raschuêâc fa prc`halns, ehaxoòhofnfa bcjiotovn a phniaknlaitc. Cutrns nhtarnêñas iaurcpsobchòjobns al sotunêñas fa astrassa prchcijnfc astâc rahnbocinfns n prakuìzc in ntaiêâc sahatovn a sustaitnfn, in lalòron fabhnrntovn, fa burtc prnzc, prcspabtovn, npraifoznjal var`nh, fns mnòhofnfas vosuc-bcistrutovns, fc rnbocbìioc n`strntc a fc prcbassnlaitc alcbocinh. Nssol bclc, prakuìzcs in lalòron cparnbocinh, n`strnêâc, ehaxoòhofnfa bcjiotovn a ic talpc fa ranêâc (LC[[NL@NIO, 04>5). @nrnbmc (04>2) bclaitn qua laslc luotns vazas c astrassa saifc prakufobonh ä passcn, aitaifa-sa qua tnl`ïl pcfa tar raparbussñas pcsotovns. Assa astrassa pcsotovc pcfa sar bhnssoeobnfc bclc austrass. Ï ul iìvah fa astrassa qua olpuhsocin n passcn pnrn aieraitnr cs c`stîbuhcs, bcisofarnfc bcistrutovc, àiïeobc a lctovnbocinh. Fostrass ï aitaifofc bclc c astrassa icbovc, prakufobonh, enzaifc bcl qua n passcn iâc bcisojn sa nfnptnr n uln fatarloinfn fatar loinfn sotunêâc. C astrassa lcfarnfc nkufn ic prcbassc fa npraifoznjal. Axostal avofëibons qua mcrlöiocs fc astrassa hoàrnfcs pahns jhàifuhns nfrainos astâc rahnbocinfcs in lcfuhnêâc fn bcischofnêâc fn lalòron. Bcitufc, iìvaos ahavnfcs

05

fa borbuhnêâc fcs mcrlöiocs fc astrassa foeobuhtnl c nbassc ä lalòron a ä lalòron cparnbocinh. Fafuzoifc qua c astrassa lcfarnfc pcfa enbohotnr n bcischofnêâc fn lalòron, pcrïl nhtcs iìvaos pcfal sar prakufobonos (PNLCR, 04>6). 0.1. VPNVNLAIVC Ï olpcrtnita fasbc`ror n bnusn fc astrassa a fasaivchvar astrntïjons fa aieraitnlaitc pnrn hofnr bcl c prc`haln prasaita, lns tnl`ïl bcl euturns nlanêns fa astrassa al axbassc. Oitarvaiêñas lafobnlaitcsns tnl`ïl sâc olpcrtnitas, pcrïl iâc prctaja fa euturns foeobuhfnfas (HOTT, 04>6). Fons (04>5), nbrasbaitn qua vîrocs nrtojcs fasbravarnl n olpcrtàibon fc usc fa labnioslcs fa aieraitnlaitc fc astrassa alprajnfcs pahcs oifovìfucs, bclc c bcpoij   a npcoc scbonh. Rohvn a Rohvn (04>1) raecrênl n olpcrtàibon fc aieraitnlaitc a fastnbnl cutrns oitarvaiêñas; jrupcs cparntovcs, jastâc fa passcns, axarbìbocs eìsobcs, nurobuhctarnpon, nrclntarnpon, psobcafubntovns, psobcafubn tovns, oitarvaiêñas bcjiotovc-bclpcrtnlaitnos a raogo.

oitarvaiêñas

Cs axarbìbocs eìsobcs sâc astrntïjons pnrn nhovonr n taisâc a loioloznr cs aeaotcs icbovcs fc astrassa. Troibopnhlaita pcr bcitroùor in bcisboëibon iaurclusbuhnr, ic euibocinlaitc bnrfocrrasporntòroc a in lniutaiêâc fc pasc bcrpcrnh, nssol bclc, nuxohon in prclcêâc fc àl-astnr. Falcistrnifc sar uln axbahaita earrnlaitn fa oitarvaiêâc (ROHUN7 HACIOFOC7 EPAOVNR, 04>1). Bnifon (04>6) neorln qua oitarvaiêñas prabcbas nlaioznl c aeaotc fc bcrtosch al rabïl-insbofcs, foloiuoifc cs aeaotcs fc astrassa ic bclaêc fn vofn fcs à`ës. Cs rasuhtnfcs fns pasquosns sujaral qua c pcsobocinlaitc al prcin (fabûòtc vaitrnh) pcfa foloiuor sojioeobntovnlaita cs iìvaos fa bcrtosch snhovnr, fn eraquëibon rasporntòron a lahmcrn c scic fc rabïl-insbofc. Hopp (04>6) raecrên qua cs aeaotcs fc astrassa pcfal sar ravartofcs sa c oifovìfuc noifn iâc bcitrnou fcaiêns jrnvas. A croaitn n ranhoznr trntnlaitc oitarfosbophoinr qunifc c astrassa prcpobonr c surjolaitc fa fcaiêns, pcos trntnr npains n fcaiên sal npraifar n hofnr bcl c astrassa pcfa iâc sar aeoboaita. Tcrtnitc, ï olpcrtnita uln oitarvaiêâc in nholaitnêâc, axarbìbocs eìsobcs a raastruturnêñas psobchòjobns, prclcvaifc nutcbcimabolaitc a lufniên ic lcfc fa paisnr, saitor a njor.

0:

2. OIVAPUAIÊÂC BCJIOVOUC-BCLTCPVNLAIVNH IC VPNVNLAIVC FC ARVPARRA Hopp a Lnhnjros (04>>) neorlnl qua c lahmcr trntnlaitc pnrn c astrassa ï n pravaiêâc, pcos aholoiî-hc tctnhlaita iâc ï nhjc pcssìvah, ial fasakîvah pcrqua c astrassa lcfarnfc nkufn in prcfutovofnfa a in saisnêâc fa àl-astnr. C trntnlaitc vnron fa nbcrfc bcl c ecbc fc prceossocinh a qua iâc axosta uln lafobnêâc aspabìeobn. C trntnlaitc enrlnbchòjobc iâc ï aeobnz pnrn aholoinr c astrassa, ic lîxolc bcisajuorî uln rafuêâc fcs soitclns, pcos c astrassa ï bcisaquëibon fn oitarnêâc aitra nspabtcs axtarics a oitarics. C`vonlaita, c trntnlaitc lafobnlaitcsc ï olpcrtnita al bnscs fa soitclntchcjon kî astnàhabofn. 2.>. NUNHONÊÂC FC TNBOAIVA Nitas

fa

oiobonr

qunhquar

oitarvaiêâc,

sakn

enrlnbchòjobn

cu

psobctarîpobn, ï euifnlaitnh ranhoznr uln nvnhonêâc, vosnifc astnàhabar ul fonjiòstobc bcrratc a nvarojunr cs nitabafaitas fc pnboaita, pnrn axbhuor pcssìvaos fcaiêns eìsobns, aeaotcs fa lafobnlaitcs cu bclcròfnfas. Havnifc al bcisofarnêâc soitclns oitarpasscnos, eìsobcs, nhtarnêñas psobchòjobns cu bcjiotovns. Nvnhonifc ecitas axtarins a oitarins fa astrassa, nssol bclc, nvnhonr pcssìvaos nspabtcs òchòjobcs (LAIFAR at nh., 04>:). Rajuifc Hopp a Lnhnjros (04>>), nvnhonr c astrassa ial salpra ï eîboh, pcos axoja uln fovarsoeobnêâc bcibaotunh. Rnà-sa qua axostal luotns ecrlns fa nvnhonr sa uln passcn astî sc` aeaotc fa astrassa. Qln axbahaita ecita fa oiecrlnêâc pnrn ul fonjiòstobc foearaibonh ï c Lniunh fc Oivaitîroc fa Roitclns fa Astrassa pnrn Nfuhtcs, cifa ï n`crfnfn uln `rava ravosâc fa bclc c astrassa pcfa sar nvnhonfc. Ic @rnsoh axostal trës tastas pnfrcioznfcs a vnhofnfcs; n Asbnhn fa Rtrass Oienitoh (ARO), c Oivaitîroc fa Roitclns pnrn Nfuhtcs fa Hopp (ORRH) a n Asbnhn fa Rtrass pnrn Nfchasbaitas (ARN). Laifas at nh. (04>:) raecrênl n olpcrtàibon fa bcisofarnr trës nspabtcs in nvnhonêâc fcs soinos fa astrassa. Trolaorc, n nvnhonêâc fns ecitas axtarins fc astrassa. Rajuifc, ns pcssìvaos ecitas oitarins. A pcr eol, c nspabtc òchòjobc, pcubc utohoznfc ic @rnsoh, cifa c prcbafolaitc bcisosta in utohoznêâc fa

0=

oistrulaitcs ahatröiobcs pnrn lafor cs soinos eosochòjobcs fc crjnioslc. Tcrtnitc, ns ecitas axtarins, oitarins a ns raspcstns òchòjobns pcfal oifobnr n prasaiên fa astrassa axbassovc. N lnocron fns pasquosns sc`ra c astrassa al nfuhtcs utohozn c Oivaitîroc fa Roitclns fa Astrassa pnrn Nfuhtcs fa Hopp, pahn pcssoòhofnfa fa fonjiòstobc prabosc a pahn enbohofnfa fa bclpraaisâc. Tcfa sar nphobnfc al barbn fa >4 loiutcs a parlota ul fonjiòstobc sa n passcn nvnhonfn astî sc` aeaotc fa astrassa. Faholotnifc al qunh ensa fc astrassa sa aibcitrn a n prasaiên fa soitclns psobchòjobcs a/cu eìsobcs (HOTT7 LNHNJPOR, 04>>). Vrobcho (04>6) neorln qua qunifc c fonjiòstobc fa astrassa sa `nsaon ics soitclns, ï iabassîroc qua astaknl prasaitas pcr ul parìcfc fa talpc, pcos soinos oschnfcs a pnssnjaorcs iâc pcfal sar bcisofarnfcs bclc `nsa pnrn ul fonjiòstobc. Tcrtnitc, nhtarnêñas oschnfns iâc pcfal sar fonjicstobnfns bclc astrassa axbassovc. Rurjoifc n iabassofnfa fc usc fa asbnhns aspabìeobns bcl c c`katovc fa nvnhonr bcl lnos prabosâc. Bcitroùoifc pnrn c fonjiòstobc a croaitnifc ns oitarvaiêñas, vosnifc prcpcrbocinr n rafuêâc fc astrassa, c qua pcfarî loioloznr cs prc`halns prcvcbnfcs pahc astrassa axbassovc. Nhboic (04>6) fasbrava qua iâc ï npains c nbûluhc fa prc`halns qua havn uln passcn nc astrassa, lns cs entcras oitarics, bclc c lcfc fa oitarpratnr fatarloinfc avaitc. C lcfc bclc n passcn paisn sc`ra ns sotunêñas, n vofn, c luifc a ns passcns, pcfal bcitroùor cu ntï pocrnr ul astnfc fa astrassa. Tcrtnitc, n ecrên fa ul paisnlaitc a c topc fa oitarpratnêâc qua sa enz pcfa enzar bcl qua sa prcfuzn astrassa. C c`katovc ï bcistruor uln oitarvaiêâc psobchòjobn qua prcfuzn uln raastruturnêâc bcjiotovn, axpnifoifc c rapartòroc bclpcrtnlaitnh a alcbocinh pnrn n passcn hofnr bcl cs astrasscras. Ofaitoeobnifc a lcfoeobnifc ns ecitas oitarins fa astrassa n pnrtor fn raastruturnêâc bcjiotovn. Trcpcrbocinifc ä passcn ecrlns fa hofnr lahmcr bcl c astrassa, avotnifc qua sa tcria axbassovc a prakufobonh ä snûfa (HOTT7 LNHNJPOR, 04>>). Ns astrntïjons fa oitarvaiêñas bbcjiotovc-bclpcrtnlaitnh cjiotovc-bclpcrtnlaitnh pnrn bcitrchnr c astrassa pcfal sar fovofofns al fcos c`katovcs; >. lcfoeobnr n oitarpratnêâc

0?

bcjiotovn fonita fcs pctaibonos astrasscras7 0. njor ics aeaotcs eosochòjobcs a ntaibocinos bnusnfcs pahc astrassa. Ns oitarvaiêñas qua vosnl lcfoeobnr ns oitarpratnêñas bcjiotovns tal c c`katovc fa fasaivchvar mîòtcs lnos snufîvaos fa paisnr a qua prcpcrbocial uln vosâc lnos euibocinh fonita fcs astrasscras (LNHNJPOR7 ZCHEE, 04>1). 2.0. VÏBIOBNR BCJIOVOUNR A BCLTCPVNLAIVNOR Laifas at nh. (04>:) bcisofarn qua n oitarvaiêâc bcjiotovcbclpcrtnlaitnh pnrn trntnlaitc fc astrassa oibhuo psobcafubnêñas, astoluhnr `cis mîòtcs fa vofn, traoic fa rahnxnlaitc a raastruturnêâc bcjiotovn. Assns prîtobns tovarnl bclc `nsa cs quntrc pohnras fc Vraoic fa Bcitrcha fc Rtrass (VBR), qua tal bclc c`katovc ofaitoeobnr astrasscras axtarics a oitarics, enzaifc uln niîhosa bcjiotovc-bclpcrtnlaitnh fassas astrasscras a, pcr eol, oitarvaiêâc qua nhbniba cs quntrc pohnras; >. nholaitnêâc a ntovofnfas eìsobns7 0. lufniêns bcjiotovcbclpcrtnlaitnh77 2. rahnxnlaitc eìsobc a rahnxnlaitc laitnh. bclpcrtnlaitnh C traoic fa Bcitrcha fc Rtrass tal bclc euifnlaitc n Varnpon V arnpon Bcjiotovcbclpcrtnlaitnh, bcl aiecqua in Varnpon Pnbocinh Alctovn Bclpcrtnlaitnh, ics astufcs fa Hopp, ic traoic fa oicbuhnêâc fc astrassa fa Laobmai`nui, ins pasquosns fa Hopp a Lnhnjros a ins pasquosns ranhoznfns pcr Vrobcho sc`ra c Vraoic fa Bcitrcha fc Rtrass bcl asbchnras (VPOBCHO, 04>6). Rajuifc Lnhnjros a Zchee (04>1), c Vraoic fa Bcitrcha fc Rtrass ùsbn lufniêns fa mîòtcs fa vofn a fa bclpcrtnlaitcs qua saknl prakufobonos ins quntrc îrans botnfns nitarocrlaita. Aivchva tïbiobns fa raschuêâc fa prc`halns, lniakc fc talpc, lcfoeobnêâc fa pnfrñas bclpcrtnlaitnos, bcitrcha fn mcstohofnfa, traoic fa nssatovofnfa, bcitrcha fn nisoafnfa a raastruturnêâc bcjiotovn. Nssol bclc, foloiuoêâc fn ntovnêâc eosochòjobn pcr laoc fa tïbiobns bclc rahnxnlaitc lusbuhnr prcjrassovc, ntaiêâc phain a traoinlaitc fn bcibaitrnêâc. @ojicttc (04>6) neorln qua c Vraoic fa Bcitrcha fc Rtrass ï ecrlnfc pcr nprcxolnfnlaita >5 sassñas, bcl furnêâc fa ?4 loiutcs al jrupc a 14 loiutcs al ntaifolaitc oifovofunh. N`crfnl nspabtcs rahnbocinfcs nc astrassa, rabcimabolaitc a n prcpcrêâc fcs astrasscras. Uosnifc c fasaivchvolaitc fa

24

astrntïjons pnrn hofnr bcl sotunêñas astrassnitas, bclc fotc nitarocrlaita. Bcitn bcl ul lntaronh oiecrlntovc olprassc, fosbutofc bcl cs pnrtobopnitas furnita nhjulns sassñas, bcl c c`katovc fa prcpcrbocinr bcisboaitoznêâc al rahnêâc nc astrassa a suns bnrnbtarìstobns. 2.0.>. Vïbiobns Bcjiotovns ✒

Tsobcafubnêâc N psobcafubn psobcafubnêâc êâc ï uln fns atnpns baitrnos fa vîrocs trntnlaitcs,

oibhusova fc astrassa. C c`katovc ï oiecrlnr n passcn a/cu enlìhon sc`ra cs soitclns, n pcssìvah ecrln fa trntnlaitc, envcrabaifc c prcbassc fa lufniên. Iâc ï ul prcbassc pnssovc, lns ul oijrafoaita foiàlobc. Tcfal sar usnfcs lntaronos olprasscs, mostòrons, latîecrns, hovrcs, sotas, aitra cutrcs laocs. @usbnifc axalphoeobnr fa ecrln nbassìvah äs oiecrlnêñas (LAIFAR at nh., 04>:). ✒

Fostcrêñas Bcjiotovns a Paastruturnêâc Bcjiotovn Rajuifc Fons a Ecrtas (04>1) nhjulns fostcrêñas bcjiotovns sâc bcluis

qunifc ns passcns astâc astrassnfns bclc, pcr axalphc, paisnlaitc tufc cu infn, rnbocbìioc alcbocinh, parscinhoznêâc, aitra cutrns. Assns fostcrêñas pcfal sar lcfoeobnfns n pnrtor fc fasaivchvolaitc fa icvns mnòhofnfas bcjiotovns, vosnifc olpuhsocinr n rasohoëibon fn passcn bcitrn c astrassa, pcr laoc fn raastruturnêâc fassas paisnlaitcs fostcrbofcs. N raastruturnêâc bcjiotovn usn tïbiobns bcjiotovns pnrn n bcrraêâc fcs paisnlaitcs a braiêns foseuibocinos, tïbiobns bclc c quastocinlaitc scbrîtobc, n bntajcroznêâc fns fostcrêñas bcjiotovns, aitra cutrns. ✒

Hcbus fa bcitrcha Bcibaotc psobchòjobc qua tal rahnêâc bcl n braiên qua n passcn tal

sc`ra astnr ic bcitrcha fn sotunêâc. Ï bcisofarnfn uln astrntïjon olpcrtnita, pcos qunifc n passcn sa parbaà ic bcitrcha fn pròpron vofn, astî laics vuhiarîvah nc astrassa, nisoafnfa a faprassâc, bclpnrnfc äs passcns qua paisnl qua n vofn iâc astî sc` sau bcitrcha a qua cs prc`halns sa faval n entcras axtarics (FONR7 ECPVAR, 04>1).

2>

✒

Axarbìbocs fa Olnjal Fons a Ecrtas (04>1) neorlnl qua axarbìbocs fa olnjal laitnh sâc

aeoboaitas in rafuêâc fc astrassa. Iassa axarbìboc, n passcn ï aibcrnknfn n vosunhoznr-sa aieraitnifc n sotunêâc astrassnita bclc, pcr axalphc, bmajnr ntrnsnfc n uln rauioâc olpcrtnita. ûnitc lnos fatnhmnfn ecr n olnjal, lnos aeobnz sarâc cs rasuhtnfcs. Tcrtnitc, ï euifnlaitnh qua n passcn fasbravn n olnjal bcl c lîxolc fa fatnhmas bclc bmaorcs, bcras, passcns a atb. 2.0.0. Vïbiobns Bclpcrtnlaitnos ✒

Pahnxnlaitc Lusbuhnr Trcjrassovc Lnhnjros a Zchee (04>1) fasbraval qua c rahnxnlaitc ï ul fcs pohnras

fc bcitrcha fc astrassa. Raifc c rahnxnlaitc prcjrassovc fa Knbc`sci n tïbiobn lnos bclul. Knbc`sci al >?2= fasbravau c pnpah fn taisâc iaurclusbuhnr a sun rahnêâc bcl ns ranêñas alcbocinos a bclpcrtnlaitnos. C rahnxnlaitc lusbuhnr prcjrassovc euibocin lahmcr qunifc juonfc pcr uln tarbaorn passcn, pcrïl pcfa sar jrnvnfn bcl uln lûsobn rahnxnita nc euifc a asbutnfn qunitns vazas iabassîroc. ✒

Pahnxnlaitc Laitnh Assn tïbiobn pnrta fc proibìpoc fa qua c rahnxnlaitc laitnh tal

oiehuëibon ic bcrpcrnh. Iassn tïbiobn n passcn sa olnjoin al ul hujnr al qua sa saita luotc àl, hovra fa pracbupnêñas. Ï olpcrtnita iâc ecrênr assa astnfc fa rahnxnlaitc, lns faoxnr nbcitabar inturnhlaita. Bcisofarn ul axarbìboc fa vosunhoznêâc bcl c c`katovc fa trnispcrtnr n passcn fa uln sotunêâc astrassnita pnrn ul hcbnh olnjoiîroc nsscbonfc n saitolaitcs fa trniquohofnfa a pnz (ZCHEE, 04>1). ✒

Paspornêâc Fonernjlîtobn cu Trceuifn Zchee (04>1) neorln qua n raspornêâc fonernjlîtobn cu prceuifn tal assa

icla pcrqua axpnifa c fonernjln, lûsbuhc qua sapnrn c paotc fc n`fölai, havnifc c cxojëioc n pnrta n`fcloinh fcs puhlñas. Assn tïbiobn nulaitn n bnpnbofnfa vchulïtrobn fcs puhlñas, cxojainifc c bcrpc, oibhuoifc c bïra`rc. N

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passcn rasporn prceuifnlaita pahc inroz, bcitnifc ntï trës a saitoifc c n`fölai axpnifor. Al sajuofn, n passcn ratïl c nr pcr fcos sajuifcs a aitâc schtn pahn `cbn, bcitnifc ntï saos. 2.0.2. Cutrns Vïbiobns ✒ Ntaiêâc

Thain

Ntaiêâc Thain, trnfuêâc hovra pnrn c tarlc loifeuhiass , ï uln tïbiobn lohainr fa lafotnêâc qua tal sofc usnfn pahn Tsobchcjon, proibopnhlaita in Varnpon Bcjiotovc-bclpcrtnlaitnh. Ns oitarvaiêñas `nsanfns al Ntaiêâc Thain enzal pnrta fn bmnlnfn tarbaorn cifn fns Varnpons Bcjiotovc-bclpcrtnlaitnos a tal jnimnfc aspnêc bclc nuxohonr ic trntnlaitc fa fovarscs trnistcrics a prc`halns psobchòjobcs pcr nkufnr in rajuhnêâc alcbocinh (ZCHEE7 MOPNVN, 04>1). Kci Gn`nt-[oii (04>:), nutcrofnfa luifonh in tïbiobn, neorln qua Ntaiêâc Thain ï bcisboëibon, astoluhnfn n pnrtor fa ul ecbc fa ntaiêâc prchcijnfc a aspabìeobc, vchtnfn pnrn c lclaitc prasaita a sal kuhjnlaitcs. Val sa ravahnfc luotc aeobnz ic prcbassc fa rafuêâc fc astrassa a prc`halns lïfobcs rahnbocinfcs bcl assa qunfrc bclc, pcr axalphc, nisoafnfa, faprassâc a pàiobc. Falcistrnifc ecrtas avofëibons qua n tïbiobn neatn pcsotovnlaita n ecrln bclc c bïra`rc prcbassn ns alcêñas foeìbaos al sotunêñas astrassnitas, ntovnifc n îran fc hnfc asquarfc fc bòrtax prï-ercitnh, pcssovahlaita raspcisîvah pcr ul lnocr aquohì`roc alcbocinh. ✒

@oceaaf`nbg C òceaaf`nbg ï ul rabursc tarnpëutobc nuxohonr, pcubc usnfc ic @rnsoh,

iâc oivnsovc qua utohozn oistrulaitcs ahatröiobcs cu ahatrclabàiobcs pnrn lafor, nlphoeobnr a nprasaitnr cs soinos eosochòjobcs, cu sakn, fnr eaaf`nbg òchòjobc ä passcn. Nkufnifc n rahnxnr a lcfoeobnr prcbasscs eosochòjobcs. Aisoinifc n laita n rajuhnr c bcrpc, rajuhnifc c astnfc eìsobc a alcbocinh. Pajuhn prcbasscs eosochòjobcs bclc, pcr axalphc, cifns bara`rnos, töius lusbuhnr, eraquëibon bnrfìnbn a rafuêâc fn fcr (PCRRO, 04>6).

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2.2. AUOFËIBONR FN AEOBÎBON FN VAPNTON BCJIOVOUC-BCLTCPVNLAIVNH TNPN C VPNVNLAIVC FC ARVPARRA Hopp a Lnhnjros (04>>) raecrênl qua n Varnpon Bcjiotovc-bclpcrtnlaitnh ï bchcbnfn bclc trntnlaitc fa prolaorn asbchmn qunifc sa trntn fa astrassa. @nsanifc-sa al rasuhtnfcs fa astufcs a bcrrc`crnl n aeobîbon fns oitarvaiêñas bcjiotovc-bclpcrtnlaitnh. Ecrtnhabaifc proibopnhlaita n aeobîbon fc Vraoic fa Bcitrcha fc Astrassa (VBR); Bcibhuoifc, c VBR ï ul trntnlaitc fa bclprcvnfn aeobîbon boaitìeobn, tastnfc al oiûlarns pasquosns. Ï nphobîvah nc trntnlaitc al jrupc cu oifovofunh a n oiûlarns pcpuhnêñas. Rc`rassno-sa pahn ëiensa fnfn ncs bcibaotcs bcjiotovc-bclpcrtnlaitnos a tal bclc earrnlaitn proibopnh n raastruturnêâc bcjiotovn (p.524).

Cutrc fnfc oitarassnita, Fons a Ecrtas (04>1) neorlnl qua n nphobnêâc fc Bcnbmoij `nsanfc in tacron bcjiotovc-bclpcrtnlai bcjiotovc-bclpcrtnlaitnh, tnh, faicloinfc bclc Bcnbmoij Bcjiotovc-bclpcrtnlaitnh (BBB), tnl`ïl tal falcistrnfc aeobîbon ic aieraitnlaitc fc astrassa supcrtnfc pcr axabutovcs. Nprasaitnifc `cis rasuhtnfcs in rafuêâc fc astrassa fassas prceossocinos. Tcfaifc sar bcisofarnfc ul lïtcfc aeobnz ic trntnlaitc fc astrassa ic bcitaxtc nprasaitnfc.

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BCIROFAPNÊÑAR EOINOR C nssuitc astrassa tal sofc luifonhlaita astufnfc pcr foearaitas îrans. Rnà-sa qua c astrassa pcfa sar bcisofarnfc snufîvah cu prakufobonh, vnronifc fa nbcrfc bcl n sun oitaisofnfa a bcisaquëibons. ûnifc ï axbassovc a prakufobn iajntovnlaita in qunhofnfa fa vofn pcfa sar bcisofarnfc pntchòjobc, pcrïl al oitaisofnfa lcfarnfn nkufn in prcfutovofnfa a ic aieraitnlaitc fa sotunêñas fc bctofonic. Astn pasquosn sa prcpös, bclc c`katovc jarnh, nvarojunr n bcitroùoêâc fn Varnpon Bcjiotovc-bclpcrtnlaitnh ic trntnlaitc fc Astrassa. N pnrtor fossc, ecrnl n`crfnfcs c qunfrc soitclntchòjobc, bnusns a bcisaquëibons rahnbocinfns nc astrassa, nvnhonêâc a pcssìvaos trntnlaitcs. Nprasaitcu-sa tnl`ïl c `rava mostòrobc a ns proibopnos bnrnbtarìstobns fn Varnpon Bcjiotovc-bclpcrtnlaitnh, nssol bclc, n oitarvaiêâc fn Varnpon Bcjiotovc-bclpcrtnlaitnh pnrn trntnr prc`halns voibuhnfcs nc astrassa. N Varnpon Bcjiotovc-bclpcrtnlaitnh eco prcpcstn a fasaivchvofn pahc psoquontrn Nnrci @abg a tal bclc euifnlaitc c lcfahc bcjiotovc, c qunh oifobn qua ns ranêñas alcbocinos, eosochòjobns a bclpcrtnlaitnos fa uln passcn sâc oiehuaibonfns pahns oitarpratnêñas qua ahns tël fn sotunêâc vovaibonfn. Ns oitarvaiêñas aivchval tïbiobns a astrntïjons psobctarnpëutobns qua tël c c`katovc fa oiehuaibonr cs paisnlaitcs, mulcr, ranêñas eosochòjobns a cs bclpcrtnlaitcs fc pnboaita, ofaitoeobnifc, axnloinifc a lcfoeobnifc ns bcjioêñas foseuibocinos. Nssol, lcfoeobnifc n ecrln fa paisnr, sa lcfoeobn c mulcr a bcisaquaitalaita n ecrln fa sa bclpcrtnr. In parspabtovn fasta astufc, c tarlc astrassa eco bcibaotunfc bclc n raspcstn fa ul c`katc fonita fa uln prassâc axarbofn pcr uln ecrên axtarin cu oitarin. Râc ranêñas qua bnusnl olpnbtc ic crjnioslc fonita fa uln sotunêâc iajntovn cu pcsotovn a qua iabassota fa asecrêc pnrn sa nfnptnr. Bclc, pcr axalphc, sotunêñas fc bctofonic cu nutcbc`rniên qua c oifovìfuc tal sc`ra so laslc. Bcistntcu-sa bclc proibopnos labnioslcs iaurcpsobchòjobcs fc astrassa cs

sostalns

Mopctîhnlc-Totuotîron-Nfrainh

(MTN)

a

c

sostaln

solpîtobc

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nfraiclafuhnr qua njal bccrfainfnlaita prcfuzoifc su`stàibons bclc bcrtobctrceoin, nfraicbcrtobctròeobc a jhobcbcrtobòofa. C bcrtosch ï c proibopnh jhobcbcrtobòofa sabratnfc a qunifc al axbassc, bnusn prakuìzcs iaurcpsobchòjobcs al euiêñas bcjiotovns bclc, pcr axalphc, lalòron, ntaiêâc a euiêñas axabutovns. Aitaifa-sa bclc ns proibopnos bnusns fc astrassa, c sojioeobnfc qua ns passcns ntroùal äs sotunêñas, ns nhtns axojëibons scbonos, foearaitas topcs fa vochëibon, iajhojëibon cu n`nifcic. Jarnifc bclc bcisaquëibon soitclns fa bnisnêc, foeobuhfnfas pnrn sa bcibaitrnr, asquabolaitcs, nisoafnfa, taisâc lusbuhnr, nzon, jnstrota, mopartaisâc, aitra cutrcs. Nc hcijc fc trn`nhmc, eco varoeobnfc qua n Varnpon Bcjiotovcbclpcrtnlaitnh bcitroùo sojioeobntovnlaita pnrn c trntnlaitc fc astrassa, pcos sa falcistrcu aeobnz a àl subafofn. Havnifc al bcisofarnêâc ns pasquosns a astufcs nbarbn fn bcitroùoêâc fn Varnpon Bcjiotovc-bclpcrtnlaitnh, pcfa-sa neorlnr qua pnrn c trntnlaitc fc astrassa, ï uln psobctarnpon fa prolaorn hoimn, cifa nhïl fa fonjicstobnr, forabocin c prcjiòstobc bcrratc pnrn asta pareoh fa pnboaita. Ns oitarvaiêñas bcjiotovc-bclpcrtnlaitnos pnrn c astrassa tël sa lcstrnfc aeobnzas. Axostal nhjuis prctcbchcs fa trntnlaitc pnrn prc`halns rahnbocinfcs nc astrassa bclc, pcr axalphc, c Vraoic fa Bcitrcha fc Rtrass (VBR). Fa lniaorn jarnh, cs prctcbchcs falcistrnl qua n Varnpon Bcjiotovcbclpcrtnlaitnh euibocin a qua cs rasuhtnfcs sâc ranhlaita rîpofcs a sntosentòrocs, saifc nhtnlaita aeatovcs al sun prcpcstn fa prcpcrbocinr àl-astnr a qunhofnfa fa vofn pnrn ns passcns aivchvofns in oitarvaiêâc. Tcrtnitc, c prasaita trn`nhmc iâc prcburcu eoifnr c taln n`crfnfc. Unha rassnhtnr qua icvns pasquosns boaitìeobns sâc iabassîrons pnrn bclpraaifar fa ecrln lnos nprceuifnfn cs labnioslcs aivchvofcs iassa eaiölaic qua ï c astrassa. @usbnifc bcrrc`crnr ns ntunos pasquosns a nvniênr al icvns fasbcàrtns. Bcitroùoifc fa ecrln sojioeobntovn pnrn bcistruêâc a nphobnêâc fc bcimabolaitc,, trnzaifc olpnbtc forat bcimabolaitc foratc c in snûfa fns passcns.

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PAEAPËIBONR NJQONP, Afunrfc fn Bcstn. Lcicjrneon; oiìboc, trniquohofnfa a faeasn. 5.af. Choifn; Hovrc Pîpofc, 04>1. NHBOIC, Nfronic @ntostn. Bronifc strass bcl c paisnlaitc. Oi; HOTT, Lnrohfn Allniuah Icvnas. C strass astî faitrc fa vcbë. =. af. Râc Tnuhc; Bcitaxtc, 04>6. NLAPOBNI TR_BMONVPOB NRRCBONVOCI. Lniunh Fonjiòstobc a Astntìstobc fa Vrnistcrics Laitnos, 1ª Af. Vaxtc ravosnfc. Tcrtc Nhajra; Nrtlaf, 04>6. NRRQLTÊÂC, Nhassnifrn Nhlaofn7 VACFCPC, Lnybchi7 LNHVCIO, Kuhonin7 IAQEAHF, Bnrlal @antroz. N parspabtovn nfchasbaita in tacron bcjiotovn fa @abg. Oi; IAQEAHF, Bnrlal @antroz (Crj.). Varnpon bcjiotovc-bclpcrtnlaitnh pnrn nfchasbaitas; uln parspabtovn trnisfonjiòstobn a fasaivchvolaitnh. Tcrtc Nhajra; Nrtlaf, 04>:. @NPNBMC, Allniuahha Lcioqua Lnboah fa Chovaorn. Niîhosa fn rahnêâc aitra astrassa a c fasalpaimc asbchnr fcs nfchasbaitas fc aisoic lïfoc fc . 5? e. Fossartnêâc fn Rnûfa) Bchïjoc Lohotnr fafa@rnsìhon Qiovarsofnfa @rnsìhon. @rnsìhon,(Lastrnfc 04>2.al Boëibons Fospciìvah al;mttp;//rapcsotcroc.ui`.`r/òtstranl/>46=0/>122: mttp;//rapcsotcroc.ui`.` r/òtstranl/>46=0/>122:/>/04>2SAllniuahhaLci />/04>2SAllniuahhaLcioquaLnboahf oquaLnboahf [email protected]. aChovaorn@nrnbmc .pfe. Nbassc al >? fa Lnrêc fa 04>=. @ABG, Nnrci V. Vacron fcs Vrnistcrics fn Tarscinhofnfa. Oi; @ABG, Nnrci V.7 FNUOR, Faiosa F.7 EPAALNI, Nrtmur (Crjs.). Varnpon bcjiotovn fcs trnistcrics fn parscinhofnfa. 2. af. Tcrtc Nhajra; Nrtlaf, 04>:. @ABG, Kufotm R. Varnpon Bcjiotovc-bclpcrtnla Bcjiotovc-bclpcrtnlaitnh; itnh; Vacron a Trîtobn. 0. af. Tcrtc Nhajra; Nrtlaf, 04>2. 04>2. @A[APPN, Bhîufon fa Lnjnhmâas7 NRROR, Rolcia Jciênhvas fa7 BCIRVNIVOIC, Tntrobon. Rcerolaitc psìquobc a astrassa ic trn`nhmc fa njaitas paiotaiboîrocs; uln ravosâc fn hotarnturn. Boëib. snûfa bchatovn, Poc fa Kniaorc, v.0>, i.:, p.0>21-0>65, 04>5. Fospciìvah al 8mttp;//www.sboahc.`r/sboahc.pmp3sbropt2=>0204>5444:40>21&hij =>0204>5 444:40>21&hij5. Fospciìvah al; mttp;//www.tasas.usp.`r/tasas/fospciovaos/> mttp;//www.tasas.usp .`r/tasas/fospciovaos/>:/>:>6=/tfa-054=04>5->12: :/>:>6=/tfa-054=04>5->12:05/pt-`r.pmp. 05/pt-`r.pmp. Nbassc al; 2> fa fa Lnrêc fa 04>=. BNIFON, Lnron Earinifn at nh . Oiehuëibon fc pcsobocinlaitc al prcin sc`ra c astrassa ic rabïl-insbofc pralnturc nvnhonfn pahn fcsnjal fa bcrtosch snhovnr; ul

2:

astufc pohctc. Pav. `rns. tar. oitaisovn, Râc Tn Tnuhc, uhc, v.05, i.0, p.>5?-> p.>5?->:1, :1, 04 04>6. >6. Fospciìvah al; 8mttp;//www.sboahc.`r/sboahc.pmp3sbropt6444044>5?&hij64 44044>5?&hij:. FNUOF, Fnioah C.7 EPAALNI, Nrtmur. Uosâc Jarnh fn Varnpon Bcjiotovcbclpcrtnlaitnh fcs Vrnistcrics fn Tarscinhofnfa. Oi; @ABG, Nnrci V.7 FNUOR, Faiosa F.7 EPAALNI, Nrtmur (Crjs.). Varnpon bcjiotovn fcs trnistcrics fn parscinhofnfa. 2. af. Tcrtc Nhajra; Nrtlaf, 04>:. FALNP[C, Lnrbahc Lnrbcs Tovn7 @NPPCR, Uìvonl Unrjns fa7 CHOUAOPN, Lnrbahc @ntostn fa. Varnpon bcjiotovn `nsanfn al loifeuhiass. Oi; RNIVCR, Tnchn Hubain7 JCQUAON, Kcsï Toitc7 CHOUAOPN, Lnrjnratm fn Rohvn. Varnpons bclpcrtnlaitnos fa tarbaorn jarnêâc; juon pnrn prceossocinos. Icvc Mnlùrjc; Roicpsys, 04>1. 04>1. FONR, Earinifn Lcitaorc at nh. C astrassa cbupnbocinh a n sìifrcla fc asjctnlaitc prceossocinh (ùricut) al trn`nhmnfcras fn oifûstron fc patròhac; uln ravosâc sostalîtobn. Pav. `rns. snûfa cbup., Râc Tnuhc, v.6>, a>>, 04>5. Fospciìvah al; 8mttp;//www.sboahc.`r/sboahc.pmp3sbropt4464>&hij :51:04>5 444>4464>&hij, p.>>>->00, 04>:. Fospciìvah al; 8mttp;//www.sboahc.`r/sboahc.pmp3sbropt:444>44>>>&hij =46004>: 444>44>>>&hij6. HOTT, Lnrohfn7 LNHNJPOR, Hubon A. Icvnas. Astrassa; nspabtcs mostòrobcs, taòrobcs a bhìiobcs. Oi; PNIJÏ, @arinrf (Crj.). Tsobctarnpons bcjiotovc-bclpcrtnlaitnos; bcjiotovc-bclpcrtnlaitnos; Ql foîhcjc bcl n psoquontron. 0. af. Tcrtc Nhajra; Nrtlaf, 04>>. LNON, Enònin Bmnvas. Nvnhonêâc bcjiotovn a astrassa; ul astufc bcl jastnitas bcl a sal - Enbuhfnfa oitarbcrrëibons bhìiobns.Qiovarsofnfa Fossartnêâcfa(Lastrnfc Joiabchcjon) fa Lafoboin, Râc Tnuhc.al RâcC`statrìbon Tnuhc, 04>5.a Fospciìvah al; 8mttp;//www.tasas.usp.`r/tasas/fospciovaos/1/1>2?/tfa-424104>:>10>>1/9. Nbassc al; 00 fa Lnrêc fa 04>=.

2=

LNHNJPOR, Hubon Icvnas7 ZCHEE, Nhoia Nrons. C astrassa ic aspcrta; olphobnêñas ic cvartrnoioij a ùricut. Oi; ZCHEE, Nhoia Nrons. Taisnlaitc bnlpaâc; lahmcrnifc c fasalpaimc aspcrtovc pcr laoc fn prapnrnêâc laitnh; ul juon fa psobchcjon fc aspcrta `nsanfc in tarnpon bcjiotovc-bclpcrtnlaitnh. Poc fa Kniaorc; Afotcrn Bcjiotovn, 04>1. LAIFAR, Nin Oraia Ecisabn at nh. Lniakc fa Alcêñas a Astrassa. Oi; IAQEAHF, Bnrlal @antroz (Crj.). Varnpon bcjiotovc-bclpcrtnlaitnh pnrn nfchasbaitas; uln parspabtovn trnisfonjiòstobn trnisfonjiòstobn a fasaivchvolaitnh. Tcrtc Nhajra; Nrtlaf, 04>:. LC[[NL@NIO, Nfronin Brostoia Ecisabn. Astufc prcspabtovc fa ntaiêâc a euiêñas axabutovns al vìtolns fa vochëibon vo chëibon ur`nin bcl trnistcric fc astrassa ‒   Qiovarsofnfa Eafarnh fa Râc Tnuhc. pòs-trnulîtobc. ?2e. Vasa (Fcutcrnfc) ‒ Asbchn Tnuhostn fa Lafoboin. Râc Tnuhc, 04>5. Fospciìvah al; rapcsotcroc.uioeasp.`r/mnifha/>>544/2?6>5 rapcsotcroc.uioeasp .`r/mnifha/>>544/2?6>5.. Nbassc al 4> fa N`roh fa 04>=. IN@OIJAP, Nhaxnifrn @aifar. Tsobctarnpon a iaurcòchcjon fcs asqualns. Oi; ZNOIAP, Pobnrfc7 TNOL, Gahhy7 APFCR, Paintn7 NIFPOCHN, Pcssnin (Crjs.). Varnpon bcjiotovn ecbnfn al asqualns asqualns;; oitajrnêâc al psobctarnpon. Tcrtc Nhajra; Nrtlaf, 04>5. TAPAOPN, Lahnioa7 PNIJÏ, @arinrf. Varnpon Bcjiotovn. Oi; PNIJÏ, @arinrf (Crj.). Tsobctarnpons bcjiotovc-bclpcrtnlaitnos; bcjiotovc-bclpcrtnlaitnos; Ql foîhcjc bcl n psoquontron. 0. af. Tcrtc Nhajra; Nrtlaf, 04>>. TOLAIVN, Nfronic Lnrênh7 NRRQIÊÂC, Nfn Îvohn. Astrassa ic trn`nhmc a mopartaisâc nrtaronh al prceossocinos fa aiearlnjal fn rafa luiobopnh fa snûfa fa @ahc Mcrozcita, Loins Jarnos, @rnsoh. Pav. `rns. snûfa cbup. , Râc Tnuhc, v.6>, a5, 04>5. Fospciìvah al; 8mttp;//www.sboahc.`r/sboahc.pmp3sbropt44046&hij44046&hij=. TPOQHO, Pcsanin Lnrn Nrafas7 LCPNAR, Lnron Rohvon fa7 BMONPNUNHHCVO, Pnenah Lcrnos. Olpnbtc fc astrassa in snûfa fa bcrtnfcras fa bnin. Pav. Rnûfa Tû`hobn, Râc Tnuhc, Tnuhc, v.6=, i.0, p.001-02>, 04 04>6. >6. Fospciìvah a al; l; 8mttp;//www.sboahc.`r/sboahc.pmp3sbropt6444044001&hij =?>404>6 444044001&hij6. Fospciìvah al; 8mttp;//papsob.`vsnhuf.crj/sboahc.pmp3sbropt6444244446&hij =6=504>6 444244446&hij02615 mttps;//rapcsotcroc.uesb .`r/xlhuo/òtstranl/mnifha/>02615:=?/>:?==5/26:??4.p :=?/>:?==5/26:??4.pfe3saq fe3saq uaiba&osNhhcwaf=. PCRRO, Lnron Hûbon. Paburscs tabichòjobcs ic trntnlaitc fc strass oienitoh. Oi; HOTT, Lnrohfn Allniuah Icvnas (Crj.). Rtrass al broniêns a nfchasbaitas. Bnlpoins, Râc Tnuhc; Tnporus, 04>6. RNFCBG, @aiknloi K.7 RNFCBG, Uorjoion. N.7 PQO[, Tafrc. Bclpëifoc fa psoquontron; boëibon fc bclpcrtnlaitc a psoquontron bhìiobn. >>. af. Tcrtc Nhajra; Nrtlaf, 04>:. RNIVCR, Tnchn Hubain7 JCQUAON, Kcsï Toitc7 CHOUAOPN, Lnrjnratm fn Rohvn. Trolaorn, sajuifn a tarbaorn jarnêâc fa tarnpons bclpcrtnlaitnos. Oi; RNIVCR, Tnchn Hubain7 JCQUAON, Kcsï Toitc7 CHOUAOPN, Lnrjnratm fn Rohvn. Varnpons bclpcrtnlaitnos fa tarbaorn jarnêâc; juon pnrn prceossocinos. Icvc Mnlùrjc; Roicpsys,, 0 Roicpsys 04>1. 4>1. ROHUN, Fï`crn fa Tnuhn fn7 ROHUN, Lnron fa Inznratm Pcfrojuas Lnhbmar fa Chovaorn. C trn`nhmnfcr bcl astrassa a oitarvaiêñas pnrn c buofnfc al snûfa. Vrn`. suph.>,, p.04>-0>6, 04>1. Fosp Fospciìvah ciìvah al; afub. snûfa, Poc fa Kniaorc, v.>2, suph.> 8mttp;//www.sboahc.`r/sboahc.pmp3sbropt::6504>144464404>&hij144 464404>&hij-22?, 04>1. Fospciìvah al; 8mttp;//www.sboahc.`r/sboahc.pmp3sbropt144404422>&hij 24=204>1 44404422>&hij1.@rns LafFospciìvah al; 8mttp;//www.sboahc.`r/sboahc.pmp3sbropt:=5?004>144454462=&hij, Râc Tnuhc, 04>5. Fospciìvah al 8mttp;//papsob.`vsnhuf.crj/sboahc.pmp3sbropt1:>>]04>5444044440&hij>]04>54 44044440&hij6. ZCHEE, Nhoia Nrons. Lctovnêâc; bcimabaifc lctovcs prclcvaifc latns. Oi; ZCHEE, Nhoia Nrons. Taisnlaitc bnlpaâc; lahmcrnifc c fasalpaimc aspcrtovc

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pcr laoc fn prapnrnêâc laitnh; ul juon fa psobchcjon fc aspcrta `nsanfc in tarnpon bcjiotovc-bclpcrtnlaitnh. bcjiotovc-bclpcrtnlaitnh. Poc fa Kniaorc; Afotcrn Bcjiotovn, 04>1. ZCHEE, Nhoia Nrons7 MOPNVN, Maotcr. Tctaibonhoznifc n bcibaitrnêâc ic aspcrta. Oi; ZCHEE, Nhoia Nrons. Taisnlaitc bnlpaâc; lahmcrnifc c fasalpaimc aspcrtovc pcr laoc fn prapnrnêâc laitnh; ul juon fa psobchcjon fc aspcrta `nsanfc in tarnpon bcjiotovc-bclpcrtnlaitnh. bcjiotovc-bclpcrtnlaitnh. Poc fa Kniaorc; Afotcrn Bcjiotovn, 04>1. _CQIJ, Kaeeray A.7 P_JM, Knyia H.7 ZAOI@APJAP, Nrtmur F.7 @ABG, Nnrci V. Varnpon bcjiotovn pnrn faprassâc. Oi; @NPHCZ, F. M. (Crjs.). Lniunh bhìiobc fcs trnistcrics psobchòjobcs; trntnlaitc pnssc n pnssc. 1. af. Tcrtc Nhajra; Nrtlaf, 04>5.

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