A Dictionary of Two Thousand Italian French German English and Other 1000058369 (1)

A

DICTIONARY^ FRCNCB,

and SigSaiflcctlcnii

OTHBR

occtm

i

AN

CHARACTEItS,

MUSICAL

OP ntEt

AbbreviatlonB

Usual

ALSO,

EXPLANATION

BSNGIilSH^

GBRMAN, IKD

strcfl AS

^

THOUSAND

TWO TtXJUlKS,

^

in

the

works

of Ik

Avber^ Bachy {J. SJ Adam^ Aguado, AThretchstbergw, Batllot,Beethoven, Bellini, BerbiguierjBeriini^BergmuUer, CampagnolijCaruUij Chopin, Choron, ChaiUieUi Doni* ChertMrtijCramer, Czerny, De Berlot,Diabelli, zettiyDrouet, D"tzavjer,F"tis, Cfitdiani, Haydn, Havr del,Herold,Herz, HuMmel, Heinrick, Koch, Kreutzer, MindeUohm, MefKuhlau, Lqfont, Marpwrg, Ma^yseder, cadamU, MoscheUs, Mozart, Onslow, Pacini, Reicha^ Rinck, Romberg, (A. 4* ^) Rossini, Rode, Rousseau, Reissiger,Sar^ Spohr, T%cUberg,ThUoUf Wdkkier^^ Weber,4-6. ^V

By AtrrtiOR

J^HhAMILTON, OF

THE

P"VDE FXPTT

NEW PUBLISHED Park

BY

CATECSISSiS*

mJSICAL

'

CENTS.

YORK: EDWARD

Place House, 239 1842.

J.

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R.

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Printer,

113

1'i"'\."n-Bf.

^

"/-'

\

^

4

TO

TEACHERS

Ladies

AND^

AMATEURS

GentlemeIn,

and

MUSIC.

OF

"

"

"

4

I

have

more

once

before you, and in

doing,I beg to

so

^o extend

to

my

ElementaryMusical Works,

printedfor Messrs. R. Within

the

last

editions of my first

5? 1000 7* I

.

3"

4

Cocks

two

have Dictionary

"50, containing

musical

terms.

comprise200tt to

and Coi

years,

words

been

This fifth,

; and

203233

large sold ;

new,

ftund

be

and to

I think I may

all Europe challenge

'

four

the second

and

much-enlarged edition,will

venture

return*

thanks for respectful patronage you have been pleased

the kind

the

appearing

sincere and

most

my

the honot* of

to

produce

any

similar work,

complete,and

at

equallyextensive and low such an incredibly

price. The

of a utility

Musical

to Dictionary

-the Araateiff, and Professor, is

obvious,in sufficiently cultivated

Pupil, tjiepresent highly the

even

of science

state

the

;

and

I do

Musical this work, and my New dispensabl be considered as inGrammar, will shortly

hope that

to sor

and

the formation of

the Amateur

of this

Murray'sGrammar to the Student Dictionary as

I

art, delightful

and

are

of

the Profes* Johnson's

ture. Englishlitera-

remain, Ladies

and

Grentlemen,

and obedient Servant, Your grateful J. A.

JLondoUyMarcht ;L838t

HAMILTON.

DICTIONARY,

A

"c"

A. A.

By,

(Ikdian,)

for.

ABBANDONO,

ABBANDONE, self-abandonment

hand

in

A

BATTUTA

A

BENE

despondingly;

;

ABBAgSIMENTO

MANO

DI

beating

(Italian.) PaUof

the

time.

(Italian,) In PLACITO

ABSATZ

{Italian,)With

con

strict

or

measured

time,

(Italian,)At pleasure as A

(German.)

section

musical

or

time.

to

sentence. *

(German.)

ABWECHSLEND abwechslenden to

tke

A

CAPELLA

A

CAPRICCIO ^

alternatelyfirom

manualen,

choir

Alternating;

mit

as

the

great

"se*

organ,

the

(Italian.) In (Italian.)

church

sty^B.

will, agreeable

At

to

our

fancy.

ACCELLERANDO

(Italian.) velocity of

ACCENT. mark

A its

creasing gradually in-

movement,

slight

placed

stress

upon

place and relative importance in

ACCIACATURA

(Italian.) Occasional

ACCIDENTS.

placed before I*

With

notes

in the

A

note

a

the

to

bar.

species of arpeggio.

sharps, iats, and naturak, coune

of

a

pitce.

6

AD

ACCOLLADE

{French.) The two

coQnect

or

music, and in

staves

more

by

part aided tp

A

of

enhancingthe effect of Accompaniments are somethnes way

a

the ad

prineipal composition. libitum^

ance; dispensedwith in the performsometimes oUigatOyih?Xis,indisp^isable

that is,they may and to

m

scores.

ACCOMPANIMENT, one

employed to or harp pianoforte

Irace

be

effect of the whole.

the proper

ACCORD

(French.) A chord. ACCORDANDO Tmiing, (J^a/tflfn.) ACCORDARE (Italian.)To tmie. ACCORDATURA to are

tuned.

which

.

cording (Italian.)The scale of notes acthe open strings of any instrument

Thus, C, G, D, A, form the accordatiira

of the violoncello ; G, D, A, E, that of the violin, ACCORDER ACHTELNOTE ACOUSTICS.

ACUTE.

(French.) To tune an instrument. (German.) A quaver. of sound. The generaltl^eory High as to pitch; elevated in the general

scale of sounds.

ADAGIO

(Italian.)A demanding much

very taste

slow

and

degree

of

ment, move-

in the "9xpression

performance. ASSAI

ADAGIO and

or

MOLTO

(Italian.)Very slow

expressive.

ADAGIO

E SOSTENUTO

CANTABILE,

Very slow,'singingand ADAGISSIMO A

DEUX

A

DUE

(Italian.}

sustained.

(Italian.)Extremely slow. \ (French.) *^"' ^^^ voices or instrqmeats. (Italian.)J ^

7

AL

TEMPS

PEUX

A

in

measure-notes

AD

equal times

{French.) Two a

ot

bar.

{Latin.) At vnll,or discretion. This expression impliesthat the time of some particular passage is left to the pleasureof the performer;or lishments embelthat he is at liberty whatever to introduce his fancymay sugg^t. LIBITUM

^QUISONANS

)"

..ffiQUISONANT

j ^^^

AFFETTUOSO,

AFFETTUOSAMENTE,

Equisonant. or

CON

With tendemesa.ftnd pathos. {Italian.) con {Imlian.) Sorrowfully,with

AFFETTO

AFFLIZIONE, affliction.

AFFRETTATE

AFFRETTANDO,

celeratin .Ac{Italian.)

hurryingthe time. {Italian.)Without

AGEVOLE

labor, light,easy,

agreeably. AGITATO,

{Italian.)With

AGITAZIONE

CON

agitation, anxiously. AGNUS

DEI

{Latin.) One

of the GRAND

A

in

movements principal

mass.

CHCEUR

{French.)

For the fullchorus,

to opposition

the passages for the solo parts only. ORCHESTRE {French.) For the fuU

GRAND

A

of the

etches tra. AIR

{French.) An air, or

Scotch

as. Air

Ecossois^a

air.

AIRS

TENDRES

AIS

{German,)

AL,

ALL',

the

song;

ALLA

styleof.

A

{French.) Amatoiy Airs. sharp. {Italian.)To the^sometimes,

m

AL

8

ALLA moa

ALLA

BREVE

of com-^ A quick species {Italiaiu) used in chiirch music. time, fonnerly In the hunting CACCIA. style. In the church style. CAPELLA. MODERNA. In the modem style. MILITAIRE. In the military style. POLACCA. In the styleof a Polish dance. RUSSE. In the styleof Russian music. SICILIANA.

In

the

style of the Sicilian

shepherds'dance. SCOZZESK

In the Scotch

ROVERSCIO

(Italian.)By

style. TURCA. In the Turkish style. VENEZIANA. In the Venetian style. ZOPPA. In a constrained and limping style. reverse

or

con-

trary motion. ALL'

ANTICA.

In the old

style. ESPAGNUOLA. In the Spanish style. INGLESE. In the Englishstyle. ITALIANA. In the Italian style. ALLEGREMENTE {Italian,)With quickness. ALLEGRETTO cheerful,but (Italian.)Somewhat not so quick as Allegro. SCHERZANDO ALLEGRETTO ately (Italian.)Moderplayfuland vivacious. ALLEGREZZA (Italian*)Joy: ^ con allegrezzay joyfully, animatedly. ALLEGRISSIMO Extrem^y quick and (Itali^^.) lively. ALLEGRO QuickyUvely, A tenn imply(Italian*) ing a but which is rapid and vivacious movement,

AL modified by frequently as,

the addition of other words:

,

ALLEGRO

AGITATO.

anxiety and

Quick, with

'agitation. ASSAE. Very quick. COMODO With (Italian.)

"

""

9

convenient

a

degreeof quickness. CON BRIO. Quick, with brilliancy. CON FUOCO. Quick, with fire. .

CON

MOTO.

Quick, with

than

more

the usual

degreeof movement CON SPIRITO. Quick, with spirit. FURIOSO. Quick, with fury. or DI MOLTO. MOLTO, Very quick.

^

VELOCE.

Quick, with

VIVACE.

With

VIVO. ALLEMANDE

Quick, with

briskness.

unusual

(French) A4ance

peculiarto

many Ger-

Switzerland.

and

IMPROVISTA

ALL'

without LOCO

AL

rapidity, vivacity.

(Italian.) Extemporaneously, premeditation. previous place; a (Italian.)To some

of reference.

term

ALLONGER

(French.) To lengthen: as allongez Parchet, lengthenthe stroke of the bow.

ALL'

OTTAVA

In (Italian.)

often jaet with one

part is

to

play an

in scores, octave

An

the octave. to

above

pression ex-

that signify or

below

another. ALL'

UNISONO

by extension,in

In unison, or sometimes (Italian.) octaves.

AM

10

ALMA

(Latin.)A hymn

REDEMPTORIS

the

to

Virgin. AL

SEGNO,

AL

the

that

the

or

performer must

chiarmcterg{ signifies ,

to a

return

of the movement,

character

in the

from that

placeto the woid fine,[orthe

over

A

SEG-.,

play

and mark

"^

douhle har.

a

{i^^^^^^')

'T A

T

course

similar

IQ^er {Italiafi.) higher.

ALTA

ALTERNATIVO

^

^^^

^"

scale of sounds.

; as Ottam

Alta, an

octare

Alternating, (Italian,) proceeding

from one movement to another. alternately ALTISSIMO to (Italian,)Extremely high as pitch. ,ALTO (Italian,}In vocal music, uidicates the It also indicates counter-tenor, or highestmale voice.

the part for th" The

CLEF.

ALTO

tenor

C

in instrumental music.

clefon the third line of the

stave.

Other, others. (Italian,) DI MANO ALZAMENTE (Italian.)The elevatioB of the hand in heatingtime. AMABILE Amiahly. (Italian,)

ALTRA,

ALTRO,

AMAREZZA

AMATEUR

ALTRI

(Italian.)With (French,)

A

bitterness

and

lover non-professional

flictio af-

of

music. AME

(Frejifih,)The

sound-postof

a

violin,tenor,

"c.

A

MEZZA

VOCE

(Italian,)In

a

subdued

tone.

U

AN

AMOREVOLEMENTE

{Italian,)With

exteeme

affection.

AMOROSO,

AMOREVOLE,

AMORE

CON

or

{Italian.)Affectionately, tenderly. AMPHIBRACH. A mnsical foot,Comprising oae short,one long,and odb short note. AMPHIMACER.

A musical

short,and

long, one ANACREONTIC. ANALYSE

one

long note.

one

In the Bacchanalian

style.

{French,) An analysis.

ANAPEST. and

foot,composed of

two foot,contaii^Qg

short

loQg notes.

one

ANCHE

musical

A

The {Italian,)

reed

or

of mouth-piece

"c. oboe, clarionet, ANCORA {Italian,)Again, once

ANDANTE slow

is often modified, both

GRAZIOSO.

TROPPO,

ANDANTINO

emotion.

Slow,

but

not

too

so,

Slow, and with pastoral

PASTORALE. "

with

Slow, but graceMy. Slow, with uwjesty.

MAESTOSO.

much

to

Slow, but pathetically.

Slow, but

MOTO.

NON

as

the addition of other words ; as,

AFFETTUOSO. CON

"^

more.

what some(Italian.)Implies a movement and sedate,but in a gentleand soothing

style. This term rime and style, by ANDANTE

the

simplicity. {Italian.)Somevrtiat slower

than

andante.

ANFANGS

RITORNELL

to ductorysym]photiy

{German,} an

air, kc.

An

iAtro-

AP

12

ANGLAISE

{French*)A tune adapted for a country dance, in the Englishstyle. With eon ANGOSCIAMENTO, {Italian.) anxiety, apprehensively. AKHANG to a {German,) An adjunctivemember musical

sentence;

ANIMATO, With

CON

ANIMOSO

ANIMA,

animation, in

{Italian.)

manner. spirited {German,) The plan or outline of

ANLAGE

ANLEITTTNQ often

of coda.

sort

a

a

{German.)

occurs

An

a

position. com-

this term introduction;

in the titlesto German

publications.

of a discord. (German, ) The percussion the A compositionin the sacred style, of which are generallyselected from the

ANSCHL

AG

ANTHEM. words

Psalms.

ANTICIPATION.

ANTICO

takingof a note or chord to itsnatural and expected place. In the ancient style. {Italian,)

ANTIPHONE. choir to

A

vious pre-

Responses made by one part of the to the priest, another^or by the congregation

in the Catholic divine service. A

PIACERE,

A

PIACIMENTO

{Italian,)At

the

pleasureof the performer. See Ad libitum. A PLOMB {French.) With exactitude as to time, APPASSIONAMENTO APPASSIONATO, {Italian.) With intensity of feeling. APPLICATUR the or shift on {German.) A position violin, "c. violoncello, '

APPOGGIATimA

A {Italian.)

written generally

in

a

note

of embellishment,

small character.

AK

13

(Itidian.)Dwelt, leaned upon. MAINS A QUATRE {French,)) For four hands. A MANI A duet QUATRO (Italian.) " piano-forte ARCATO (Italian.)Bowed, playedwith the bow. ARCHET (French.) The bow. ARCO In COL or ARCO, (Italian.)The bow. and toior violin,violoncello, music, Arco, or Col Arcoy impliesthat the notes are again to be played viriththe bow, instead bf Pizzicato,that is,twitch, APPOGGIATO

by

the

fingers. ARDITO (Italian.)Boldly,energetioOly. ARTA (Italian.)An air,or song. There are several speciesof airs;as, ed

BUFFA.

ARIA '

comic air.

A

CONCEBTATA

air VTith elaborate

An

chestral or-

accompanunents. D'ABILITA. DI

BRAVURA.

of bility DI

An

air

An

requiring great volur

execution.

CANTABILE. and

air of difficultexecution.

An

air in

a

graceftd, ing, sing-

flowingstyle.

PARLANTE.

An

air

more

declamatorythan

melodious.

ARIE

AGIUNTE

(Italian plu.)

in any

introduced

o|"era,

ARIETTA

)

ARIETTINA

I i^^^^^^'r ^

ARIOSO

,^,

the

^^^^^

ARMONIA

(Italian.)Harmony. 2

^^

styleof

melodious.

to,

or

mances. subsequent perfor-

.

,.,.,,

(Italian.)In

on

Airs added

,

^^

an

, melody.

air; vocal,

AT

14

(liiUiaiu)A musical instrdment, generally constructed of glass.

AKMONICA

ARMONIOSO

(Italian.)Harmoniously.

(Italian.)The harp. DOPPIA (Italian.)The

ARPA

ARPA

ARPEGGIANDO

double

Pass^es ^ (Italian.)

action formed

AEPEaaiATO

"

notes

ARPEGGIO

)

succession, in imitation

said to be

harp, are ARSIS

THESIS

and

of the hand

ARTICULATATO

of chords

harp.

taken

of the in

rapid

of the

in

Arpeggio. (Greek.) The elevati(m in beating time.

and

pressio de-

(Italian).Articulated,distinctly

enounced. AS

(German.)

AS

DUR.

AS

MOLL.

ASFERGES ASPREZZA ASSAI

A

A

Aflat:

flat major.

A

A

flat minor.

(Latin.) The opening of the mass. (Italian.)With dryness,coarsely. (Italian.)Very, extremely. This adverb ME

TEMPO

degree of

A

is

it exother word, of which tends always joinedto some the signification slow; : as. Adagio assai,very Allegro assai, very quick. TEM. In time. A term used to de) (Italian.)

)

note

in the time, the

A

as,

that, after

performermust

some

retum

short relaxation to

the

movement.

(Italian.)In of a gavot, moderately quick. TEMPO GIUSTO (Italian.)In strict TEMPO

time.

original

DI

GAVOTTA

the

and

time

equal

AV A

TRE,

A

or

3

ATTACATO

16

three voices

For {Italian,)

SUBITO

{Italian.)To

or

ments. instru-

be commenced

immediately. "

ATTACCA,

ATTACCA

that the

SUBITO

Implies {Italian.) lowing the foldirectlycommence

performer must moyement.

ATTO

{Italian.) Any

Atto

secondo

ATTORI,

^act

"

the

ATTRICE

an

opera ; as, Atto primOf

act the second. first,

{Italianplu.)

singersin an opera" AUBADE {French.) open

of

act

A

The

principal

given in

morning concert

the

air.

AUDACE

{Italian.)With

con

AUFHALTJmG

A

suspension.

The

resolution of

{German.)

AUFLOSUNG

{German.)

AUGMENTATION. that

In a

boldness.

a

cord. dis-

and fugue implies counterpoint

subjectis imitated

in notes

of greater

length. A

UNA

AUSi

CORDA

{Italian.)On one string. in German out {German.) From of; occurs

titles,"c. AUSARBEITUNG last finish of AUSDEHNUNG

AUSDRUCK AUSWEICHUNG

AUTENTICO AVE

MARIA

a

elaboration or {German.) The musical composition. {German,) Extension, expansion.

Expression.

{German.)

(German.)

Modulation.

{Italian.)Authentic {Latin.)

A

hymn

to

the

Virgin.

BA

16

A

VISTA

{Italian.)At sight;o prima vista, at

first

sight. AZIONE

SACRA

A (Italian.)

sacred drama.

B.

BACHELOR

MUSIC.

OF

gree taken

first musical

de-

universities.

at our

'BADINAGE

The

(French.) Playfukess. A short and

BALLAD.

^miliar

song.

of (French.) A theatrical representation of dance or metrical some story or fable,by means In England, the action,accompanied with music. second or concludingpiece of the evening^sentertainment is generallya at the Italian Opera House

BALLET

ballet.

provinceit is to superintend the rehearsals and performanceof the the ballet ; and who not unfrequentlyinvents

BALLET-MASTER.

The

artist whose

fable and its details himself. BALLO

BAR.

(Italian.)A dance, Lines

drawn

across

or

dance

the

stave

tune. to

divide

the

music into small and equal portions of duration ; each of these small

is also called

portionsthemselves

a

bar.

BARD.

A

poet and musician.

BARCAROLLE

Airs sung by the Venetian while following their avocations.

) (Italian.

gondoliers, boatmen, or These

melodies

less simple and artbeauty, equallydelightful to the unpractised

and

to

the most

cultivated

possess

ear.

a

BO

18

HELLEZZA,

{Italian.)With

con

beauty of expres-

sicxi.

BBMOL BEN

{French,) WeU: {Italian.)

Well

marked. must

passage

mass,

BENE

flat. as,

BEN

MARCATO

(/ia/ian.)

expressionindicates that the be executed in a clear,distinct, and This

stronglyaccented BENEDICTUS

A

manner.

bdonging {Latin.)A movement Catholic morning service.

or

to a

{Italian.)At will. {French.) A natural. {German.) A description. {German.) An example.

PLACITQ

BEQUARRE BESCHREIBUNG

BEYSPEIL BINARY

MEASURE.

Common

time.

BINDUNG

{German.) Syncopation. BIS {Latin.) Twice. which indicates that A term drawn a certain passage, distinguished by a curve under it,must be performed twice; this over or abbreviation saves writingthe passage over again. BISCROME {Italian.)A semiquaver.

BIS

DIAPASON.

BIZZARO

A

double

{Italian.)A which

octave.

term

which

denotes

that

is written prefixed in an irregular and fantastical style. BLANCHE {French,) A minim. the movement

to

BLASEBALGE

this is

{German.)

The

bellows

of

an

organ.

BOGEN

{German.)

BOGENEUHRUNG

The

bow.

{German.) The mailagement of

the bow.

BOLERO.

A

Spanish dance with

castanets*

BU

BOURDON

19

(French,)The

open

diapascmstop b

an

organ.

BOURREE

(French.)

A

livelydance

in

common

time

beginningwith an odd crotchet. B QUADRUM (Latin,)B natural. BRANLE (French,) An old dance. BRATSCHE (German.) The tenor violin. BRAVI BRAVA, BRAVO, (Italian.)Exclamations of

approbationused

BRAVURA and

BREVE.

at

the Italian theatres.

An aii requiring (Italian.) great spirit of execution. volubility A note twice the lengthof the semibreve, in modem

used

seldom BRILLANTE

a

music.

oxid French.) An expression (Italian dicating inshowy and sparkling styleof performance.

BRIO

\

BRIOSO

{ (Italian.)With

CON

BRIO

and spirk. brilliancy

)

broken (French.) Sprinkled,

BRISE

into an

arpeggio,

of chords. treating BRODERIES (French,) Embellishments. actor or An FUFFA (Italian.)Comic. BUFFO, parts ia singerwho takes the lightand humorous This epithetis also applied the Italian comic opera. a, a 5 as, opera huff to the pieces themselves in

comic

opera.

BURLANDO

BURLESCO humor.

in (Italian,)Playfully,

(Italian.)With

a

comic and

manner. jesting

cal ev^en farci-

20

CA

"

BURLETTA

(Italian.)A lightspeciesof musical in the nature of the English drama, somewhat

"irce. C. CACCIA

(Itaiian.)A

compositionin the hunting

style. CACOPHONY.

discordant combination

A

of sounds,

formingno regularharmoQ|^. CADENCE {FrencL) A shake ; also a cadence in harmony, as cadence parfaite,a perfectcadence: cadence. cadence rompuey an interrupted A close in melody or harmony. CADENCE. An and

ornamental at

extemporaneous

the close ofB

song

or

duced intro-

passage

pieceof

music.

INTERKOMPUE

CADENCE

{French) j An mterrapt I ^ ^^^e^*^ROMPUE {French.) {Italian.)A cadence, or close,at the

-"

CADENZA

termination

of

a

or

song

fanciful and

some

In

modem

other

extemporaneous

music

ducing intro-

moyement,

the cadenza

lishment. embelis gen"

rallywritten in small notes. CALANDO {Italian*)Gradually diminishing in and quickness;becoming softer and slower by tone degrees. CALASCIONE

CALCANDO

{Italian.)A speciesof guitar. {Italian.)Pressingupon, hurryingthe

time.

CALMATO(Jfflifan.) With CALORE

{Italian.)With

tranquillity, repose. much

warmth

and

mation. ani-

CA

21

^IAMBIARE{Italian.)To

change.

'camera

chamber

The (7ifa/ia".)

; as, musica

di

chambei^music.

camera,

CAMINANDO

(Italian,)Flowing: with gentleand progression.

easy

CANAREE

{French)

CANON.

A

CANONE

{Italian,)A

voices

or

CANONE

sort of

A

jig,in

g

or

time. g

of miinterruptedimitation. s^iecies canon

catch

or

for several

instruments. APERTO

CmUSO

{Italian,)An {Italian.) A

canon.

open close

hidden

or

canon.

CANTABILE

Impliesa graceM {Italian.)

and

ing sing-

style. CANTANDO CANTANTE

{Italian,)In a singingmanner. {Italian.)A part to be executed

by

the voice. CANTARE

{Italian.)To sing. CANTATA of several {Italian.)A vocal composition, comprisingairs and recitative. movements, CANTATILLA CANTATINA

),,.,, 1 V-'^^^*^*)-^

^ short cantata.

CANTATRICE

{Italian.)A female singer. CANTICLE. A hynm or d^^rinesong. CANTICjE {Latin.) } Canticles or devotional songs. CANTICO (J^o/tan.)j CANTICUM {Latin.) A canticle or divine saag. CANTILENA cipal {Italian.)The melody, air^ or prinest part in any composition;generallythe high'

^

vocal part.

.

,

^

.

CA

22

CAJSTO

{Italian,)The highestvocal part

in choral

music.

CANTO

A chantor melody ; as, (Italian.) of a few long,plainnotes, also,any subject consisting given as a theme for counterpoint. CANTO FIGURATO (Ao/ian.) A figuredmelody. PLANO {Italian.)A plain song or chant. CANTOR {Italian.)A singer. CANTORE (/te/wn.) A singer. CANTUS {Latin.) A song, chant, or melody, as, FIRMO

CANTUS

AMBROSIANUS.

4;hants introduced into the church FIGURATUS

melodies

The

by

or

St. Ambrose.

{Latin.) EmbelUshed

melodies figurative FIRMXJS {Latin.)

or

or

chants.

The

plain

song

or

chant. GREGORIANUS.

by CANZONE

The

chants

collected

St.

Gregory. {Italian,)An air

CANZONET

in two

)f,^,. 1^^^^^^^J A short V

-

three parts.

,

^

CANZONETTA

or

canzone,

or

song.

In the church style. {Italian.) ' CAPO {Italian.)The head or beginning. CAPRICCIO {Italian.)A fanciful and irregular speciesof composition. ) In a fanciful capricious A CAPRjLCCIO {Italian.) | ) CAPRICCIOSO style. {Italian.) CAPRICCIETTO {Italian.)A short capriccio. CAPRICE {French.) A capriccia CARATTERE {Italian.)Character ; as, con molto

CAFELLA,

alia

i

caratt^re,with much

character and emphasis.

CH

23

CARICATO

With exaggerated expression. (Italiaiu) CARILLONS {French.) A set of musical bells,or chimes; as, also,short simpleairs adaptedfor such bells. CAROL.

An

antiquesong.

CASTAGNETS,

Used to accompany southern

Hollow

shells

Spain and

other

CASTANETS.

or

dance-tunes

in

countries.

CATCH.

A

vocal

piece

parts, of

in several

^

a

character.

morous

CATENA

DI

TRHiLI

{Italian.)A

chain

or

cession suc-

of shakes. or {Italian,)An air of one movement precededby a recitative. part only,occasionally C DUR {German.) The key of C major. CELERITA, con quick. {Italian.)With celerity; CEMBALO {Italian.)The harpsichord.

CAVATINA

CES

{Gerfnan.) C flat. CHACONNE {French.) An air constructed ground bass ; a Spanish dance. CHALUMEAU {French.) A clarionet.

on

a

CHANSON

{French.) A song. OHANSONNETTE {French.)A short or CBLANT {French.) A song or melody;

littlesong. the vocal

part. CHANTANT

{French.)

In

a

singingand melodious

style. {French.) The

CHANTERELLE acute

stringof

CHANTEUR CHANTEUSE

highestor

the violin.

(FrcncA.) A

(FrencA.)A

male

singer.

fonale

singer.

most

24

CH

CHASSE CHE

[French,) In the huntiagstyle. Than ; as, poco pmche andante,rather {Italian,)

slower than andanta CUELYS

(Greek,) The lute. CHEVALET of a violin, {French,)The bridge tenor, or

violoncello. .

CBEVILLE

tenor, "c. {French,)Thepeg of a violin, CmAYE A clef. {Jtalian.) CETESA The church. {Italian,) CfflFFRES {French,) Figures,in speaking of thorough-bass. A guidefor the hand in piano-forte CHIROPLAST. playing. CmTARBA A guitar. {Italian,) CHIUDENDO (Jia/ian.) Closing; ending with. CHCEUR {French.) The choir,or chorus. CHOIR. That portion of a chapelor cathedral set in divine worship: as, also,the apart for the singers themselves taken collectively. singers ,

The

CHOIR-ORGAN. used to accompany duets,"c.

CHOR

smaller

the

or

softertoned organ,

principal singersin solos,

{German,) Choir,chorus; as,

arie

rmdchor,

air and chorus.

CHORAL.

Belongingto

the choir ; full, or for many

"

voices.

{German.) A psalm tune. CHORALMASSIG (German.).In psalm tune.

CHORAL

CHOEI).

the

styleof

A combination of several sounds

harmony.

"

i

t

"

*

3

forming

26

CO

COLL

A PARTE

panist (Italian.)Impliesthat the accomfallow the principal part in regard

must

to

time. COLOPHON COME COME

(French.) {Italian,)As.

As above or before. (Italian.) STA (Italian.)As it stands. (Italian.)A small interval,treated SOPRA

COME

COMMA

the doctrine of musical

with

CHORD.

A

chord

of consisting

its third and

togetherwith

octave

etly, (Italian,)Qui-

composure.

COMMON note,

of in

ratios.

COMMODAMENTE

COMMODO,

"

Resin.

a

bass

to which fifth,

the

is often added.

COMPIACEVOLE

(Italian.)Pleasing; attractive. (Latin.)Evening service,duringLent, iir

COMPLIN

Church.

the Catholic

production is Any musical of inventingmusic.

COMPOSITION. called.

The

art

COMPOSITEUR

(FrencA.) | ^ (Italian.)J

sa

.

COMPOSITORE COMPOSIZIONE

composer.

(Italian.)A musical composition. DI

(Italian.)Ta-

TAVOLINO

,

ble music

;

as

glees,catches, "c.

COMPOSTO

(Italian.)Composed.

COMPOUND

TIMES.

tain two

or

three

CON

Those

which

measures

accents principal

:

"c g,

g,

g,

with With : as, con (Italian.) espressione^ and spirit presfiioDL ; con brio,with brilliancy

CON

AFFLIZIONE

con-

I

ex-

With affliction (Italian.) ; distress-

CO

CONCENTO selection of

27

(Italian,)Concord.. Agreement. caUed. so piecesis sometimes

A

music

for an

orchestra,in which several of the instruments

have

CONCERTANTE

(Italian.)A piece of

occasional concertantty

a

duet in which

principal part

a

concerto,

CONCERTO

a

term

(Italian.)A of

powers

orchestral

some

always denotes

other full piece: as,

or

first

concertino, second

violino secondo

with

in

prima concertino,

display the

duo

each part is alternately

(Italian.)This

CONCERTINO

violino

adjectlvely, as,

subordinate.

principaland a

It is also used

solos.

principalviolin: violin. principal

compositionintended to instrument, particular

accompaniments.

GROSSO

CONCERTO

(Italian.)A composition liary. auxiinstruments, some some principal,

for many

SPIRITUALE

CONCERTO

concert,

C0NCERT-STUCK

(Italian.) A

of chiefly

laneous miscel-

sacred music,

(German.)

A

concerted

piece,a

concerto.

Harmonizing, coincidingin efffect

CONCINNOUS. CONCITATO CON

COMODO

(Italian.)Perturbed, agitated. (Italian.)In a convenient degree of

movement

CONCORD. CON

An

DILIGENZA

agreeable combination

of

sounds.

in a stu^lftd Diligently, (Italian.)

manner.

CON

DISCREZIONE

CON

DOLCEZZA

(Italian.)With (Italian.)With

discretion.

sweetness.

CO

28 CON and CON CON CON

CON CON

CON

DOLORE

(Italian.)MoumfuUy, with

grief

pathos. With precisicm. {Italian.) GRAVITA {Italian.)With gravity. With GRAZIA (Italian.) grace. GUSTOSO (Italian.)With taste. GUSTO, With IMPETO impetuosity. (Italian.) In an agitatedstyle;with MOTO (Italian.)

GIUSTEZZA

spirit.

(French.) One who knowledge of,and is a judge of music. A term CONSECUTIVE. appliedto a CONNOISSEUR

intervals or

CONSERVATOIRE CONSERVATORIO CONSOLANTE

possesses

a

series of similar

chords.

(Italian.)jA puhlicschool of music. (French.) ) couraging (Italian.)In a cheering and en-

manner.

CONSONANCE. CON

SORDINI

CON

SPIBiTO

An

interval

agreeableto

(Italian.)With (Italian.)With

the

ear.

mutes.

quickness

and

spirit. CON

TENEREZZA

(Italian.)With

tendemess.

COi^ TIMIDEZZA

timidity. (Italian.)With CONTINUATO (Italian.)Continued or held down or on, speakingof notes. CONTRA-BASSO (Italian.)The double bass. CONTRA-FAGOTTO (Italian.)Double bassoon. CONTRALTO

A counter-tenor (Italian.) highestspecies of male Voice, and

female

voice. The the

lowest

voices.

CONTRAPUNCKT

(German.) Counterpoint

of

29

CO

CONTRAPUNTIST.

most

musical

necessary

step towards

composition. "opra

terpoint. coun-

Sotto

MOTION.

CONTRARY

a

first

knowledge

of

sogetto, counterpomt

U

subject. low beil sogetto, counterpoktt the subject rection diMotion in an opposite

above

the

other part.

to some

VIOLONE

CONTRA

understands

Counterpoint,the (Italian.)

CONTRAPUNTO and

who

One

CONTRE-BASSE CONTRE-DANSE

(J^a/wn.) The double bass. {French,) A double bass. or country(French.) A quadrille

dance.

(Italian.)With variations. ciously. animatiMi, viva(Italian.)With

CON

VARIAZIONE

CON

VIVEZZA

CON

With zeal. (Italian.) (French.) A hom.(German,) A psalm tune.

COR CORAL

ZELO

CORANTE

A slow (Italian.)

dance

in ^

or

^tirfte.

) A string: corda^ una (Italian.) as, sopra CORDE (French.)] or, une corde, on one string. DE CHASSl COR (French.) A French hom. DE SIGNAL COR (French.) A bugle. CORIPHCEUS (Latin.) The leader of the dances. CORNA MUSA The bagpipe. (Italian.)

CORD

A

pipe CoStTO |(^*"^*"M a

3*

or

Englishflute.

CO

30

CORNET

PISTONS

A

species of

(French.)A

trumpet with M^lves.

(Italian.)The horns. CORNO (Italian*)A horn. CORNO DI BASSETTO A basset-lioni. (Italian.) DI CACCIA (Italian.)A French horn. INGLESE An Englishhom. (Italian.) CORO A chorus,or piecefor many voices. (Italian.) CORONA (Italian.)A pause. CORYPHE (French.) The leader of the groups of CORNI

'

dancers.

COTILLON dance

COULE

by

(French). in

time. g

(French.) A ar

animated

livelyand

A

of

group

connected

notes

two

slur.

COUNTERPOINT.

The The

COUNTER-TENOR.

art

of composition.

highestadult

male

and the lowest female clef:

- "

The

Cclefon

vcMce,

voice. the third

line of the stave.

(Frencii.)Strokes

D'ARCHET

COUPS

of the bow;

of

bowing. (Latin.) I

ways

CREDO movements

CREMONA as

of the

believe.

One

of the

principal

mass.

A small town (Italian.) having been the residence

in

celebrated Italy,

of the great violin

makers, Amati, Straduakitts,Gtjarnerius,"c. With CRESCENDO, or ORES. (Italian.) allyincreasing quantityof tone. CROCHE ) (Italian.) ^ ^^^'^^' CROMA (French.)] .

a

giadu^

BE

CROOKS.

appliedto horns, change their pitch.

Small

of

a

tabes

curved

trumpets, "c., to CROTCHET.

31

equal in

A note

duration

half

to one

minim.

CRVCIFJXUB CUM

of the Creda

(Latin.) Part

SANCTO

SPIRITU

of the

Part

(Latin.)

Gloria.

D.

DA

(Italian.)By.

DA

CAMERA

styleof chamber

(Italian.)In

the

(Italian.)In

the church

music. DA

CAPELLA

DA

CAPO

D. C.

(Italian.)From

expressionwhich

An a

or

movement,

return

to

and finish with

DACTYL. two

is often written

indicate that

to

A musical

the

the

at

style.

beginning. the end of

performer must

the firststrain.

foot composed of

one

long and

short notes.

(Italian.)By : as, Dal Segno, ftom the sign; of repetition. a mark DANSE (French.) A dance. DAUER (German.) The duration or lengthof notes. DECANI (Latinplural.)Priests. A term frequently

DAL

met

with in cathedral music, passage

is to be

only,who dijstinctionto the

Boyce

and

are

lay

in or

to

denote

that

a

ticular par-

by those vocal performers orders,in contrapriests' ordinarychoristers. See

sung

Arnold's Selections of Cathedral Music

D"

32

DECISO

With decision, {Italian.) boldly. DECRESCENDO in (Italian.) decreasing Gradually of tone. quantity D DUR (German.) D major. DELICATEZZA delica: as, con Delicacy (Italian.) of expression. tezzay with delicacy '

P

DELICATO

With (Italian.)

DELICATISSIMO

extreme

deU-

cacy.

DEMANCHERfFrencA.)

of changethe position

To

ments. the hand; to ahifton the violin and similar instru-

(French.) In harmony,a halfcadence,or cadence on the dominant of the key* tion A short note, equalin duraDEMISEMIQUAVER. DEMI-CADENCE

half the quaver. (German.)D minor.

to one

D MOLL

DE

PROFUNDIS

(Latin.)One of the

seven

tential peni-

psalms. DERIVATIVES.

Chords

derived 'from othere

by

inversion. DES

(German.) D

DESCANT.

An

flat

extemporaneous

or

other counterpoint

givensubject. DESCENDANT (French.)In descending. DES DUR (German.)D flatmajor. on

DES

a

MOLL.

DESSUS

DESTRA

D flatminor.

(French.)The treble or upper vocal part (French.) J m, k* u ^ ^Ke nght hand. i (Latin.) "

DEXTRA

34

DI

DI

{Italian,)An expressionwhich serves of the word to which augment the signification added; as, allegro di molto, very quick. MOLTO

of

a

musical

DIRGE. DIS

A

funeral

(German.)

DISCANT.

director

(French.) The performance.

DIRECTEUR

See

D

to

it is

conductor

or

song.

sharp. It also

Descant.

impliesthe

upper

part. A dissonant combination

DISCORD.

DIS-DIAPASON. DIS

MOLL

A

(German.) D (Italian.)

DISPERATO

DISPERAZIONE, DISSONANCE. the

double

con

An

of sounds.

octave.

minor.

jDespairingly; with

I (Italian.) interval

or

emotion.

extreme

chord

displeasingto

ear.

(Italian.)The

DITO

DITONE

finger.

) The (Italian.)

major

third

interval of

or

DITONUS

whole two tones. (Latin.)) DIVERTIMENTO (Italian.)A short,light composition, written in a familiar and pleasingstyle.

DIVERTISSEMENT.

(Frmch.)

resemblinga

dances

jtheacts of the French in

Certain

short ballet, introduced or

Italian opera.

DIVOZIONE

and

between

Also, a

lightand pleasingstyle. (Italian.)Devoutly,in a solemn

DIVOTO

airs

position com-

a

(Italian.) Devoutly;

with

style. religious

feeling. DO

(Italian.) A syllable applied in sol"ing to note

C,

the

IK)

DOCTOR

OF

MUSIC.

A

35

degree conferred by one

of the Universities.

DOIGTER

(French.) The fingering. DOLCE, or DOL. (Italian,) Impliesa soft styleof performance. DOLCEMENTE

(Italian.)In

style. DOLCEZZA,

CON

or

DOLCISSIMO

DOLCEZZA

graceftd

With (Italian.)

(Italian.)With

DOLENTE,

and

sweet

softness.

and

sweetness

a

and sweet

CON

DOLORE,

extreme

or

CON

sweetness.

DUOLO

lian.) (Ita-

Sorrowfidly, pathetically, (Italian.)Indicates a sc^t and pathetic

DOLOROSO

style. DOMINANT.

A

givenby

name

theorists to the fifth

ndte of the scale.

DOMINANTE

of the scale,so called from in

or

fifthnote

its governingthe

note key-

harmony.

DOMINE

SALVUM

king, sung DONA

dominant

(French.) The

DOPPEL

stop

after the

(Latin.) A

prayer

for the

mass.

concluding of the mass or Catholic morning services. ble (German.) Dotible : as, doppel griff e, dou-

NOBIS

movement

FAC

on

PACEM

(Laftn.)

The

the violin.

(Italian.)Double : as doppio movimerUOf double time; that is,as fastagam. A counterpoint which COUNTERPOINT. DOUBLE admits of the parts being inverted.*

DOPPIO

*

and

See

Hamilton's

Fugue.

Catediism

on

Double

Counterpoint

36

DTJ CROCHE

DOUBLE DOUBLETTE

used

quick notes, DREYKLANG

by

by

of

articulating

flutists. chord

A

of three sounds,

triad.

DRITTA

DRIVING shorter

{German.) In three parts. {Italian,)The righthand. NOTES. Loag notes placed between in the

ones

It sounds

DUE

only one

perpetualbass {Italian.)In

; as,

DUE

due, for

a

the three tubes

largestof

The

a

bar, and accented

same

contrary

rhythmic flow.

the usual

DRONE.

a

stop, called

mode

A

{GermajL)

DREYSTIMMIG

as

organ

TONGUEING.

DOUBLE

to

An

{French.)

semiquaver.

the fifteenth.

us

a

A

{French.)

to

two

deep

note,

of the

which

pipe. bag-

serves

tune.

any

parts ; genially precededby

two.

(Ito/tan.)Twipe.

VOLTE

DOTTTC?^ !(^*^*""-) ^

^0^^

^^^^

A stop in the choir organ,

DULCIANA.

qualityof tone. for {Italian.)A composition

of a soft and

sweet

.

DUO

DUOLO, DUR

con

{Italian.)With

{German.)

modes

:

as,

c

Major,

dur,

c

two

voices

or

struments in-

pathos.

in relation

to

keys

and

major.

DURATE

{Italian.)Harshly,coarsely* DURCHGEHEND {German.) Transient^passing. DUX

{Latifi.)The

subjectof

a

fugue.

EM

37

E, ED.

K,

The

Italian

lino, flute and

and: conjunction

violin;n"bilimente

wSfJlautoe via^^ ed antmato,wiih

and

spirit. ECHELLE {French,) The scale or gamut. ECHO imitation of a or {FrencL) A ifepetition remarkable modifica* previQuspass^e, with some is oflen found in' tion in regard to tone : this term grandeur

music

organ

of instruction.^ (French,) A School or course EOOSSAiaE ECOSSAIS, (French.) A dance, tune, or air,in the Scotch style. E DUR (German,) E major. EGLISE (French,) Church; as, musique d^eglise,.

ECOLE

church

music.

EGUALMENTE

(Italian,)Equably.

EINFACH

Simple. EINHEIT (German.) TJmtf. EINLEITUNGSSATZ (German.) (German,)

An

introductory

movement.

"

EINSCHNITT musical

(German.)

A

piffaseor imperfect

sentence.

(German,) E sharp. EISTEDDVpD (Welsh.) EIS

ELEGAMENTE

An

assemblage of bards.

(Italian.) \ ^'^^ (Italian.) ) con (Italian.)With ^..

ELEGANTE

ELEGANZA,

^

,

elegance. elegance^ grace-

fuHy. EMBOUCHURB^

(French.)

flute,hautboy,or other 4

wind

The

mouth-pieceof

instrument.

a

"Q

38

" MOLL

K minor.

{German.)

EMPFINDUNG

{German,) Emotion, passion. expression employed {French,) An

ENCORE

the audience

their desire should

he

that

a

and

signify other composition,

or

song,

to

concerts,

repeated.

ENiaiGICO, MENTE

theatres

at

hf

ENERGU,

CON

ENERGICA-

or

{Italian,)With energy. {German,) Close,condensed.

ENGE

"ENHAjRMONIC.

of the ancient

One

genera ; a scale

which

proceeds by quarter tones. ENHARMONIQUE (J'rencA.)Enhttmonic ENTR'ACTE

{French.)

Music

the

played between

of the drama.

acts

{Italian,)With enthusiasm. ENTWURF {German.) Sketch or roOgh draught a composition.ENTUSIASMO,.

con

EPICEDIUM EPISODE. on

{Greek.)

portionc^ a composition principalsubject. A

the

EPITHALAMIUM

EPOI

funeral song,

A

{Greek.)

{IttUian.)Atad

then/

or

dirge. founded

not

nuptialsong

A

as,

of

ode.

of

la

coda^ and

like

sotftid; a

epoi

then the coda. Of

EQUISONANT. unison. to

This

express

the

satnfe

t"ttii is^ dften

the differentways

or

in

nsed

of

guitarplaying,

stoppingthe

same

note.

EQUIVOCAL.

by

a

term

change keys.

mere

sereral

A

appliedto

in the

such

notation, may

chords

as,

belong to

EX SRHOHUNG note

by

a

ERNIEDRIGUNG note

by

39

the pitlhof (German.) The raising sharp. {German.) The depressionof

means

of

a

flat.

a

a

^

EROTIC.

Amatory. ERWEITERT (German.) Expanded^ exteniecL ES (German.) E flat DUR ES (German.) E flat major. Ts^SES (German.) E double fla/C. ES MOLL (German.) E flat minor. ESPAGNUOLO (Italhn.)In the Sganish style. CON ESPRESSIONE ESPRESSnrO, or (Italian,) "With

.expression. ESSEMPIO (Italian.)An example. ESTINTO ESTINTE, (Italian.)Becoming extinct, dying awlay, in regardto time and tone. ESTRAVAGANZA (Italian.) Extravagant and wild as to compositionand performance. ESTREMEMENTE (luO^n.) Extremely. ET (Latin.)And. ET

INCARNATUS

EST

(Latin.)A portionof

the

Creda

ETOUFFE

ing. (French) Stifled,damped,in harp play1

ET

RESURREXIT

(Latin.)Part

of the Credo.

ETUDE ET

(French.) A study. VITAM (Latin.) A part

EUPHONY. EVOLUTIO EXTEMPORE

of the Credo.

Sweetness.

(Latin.) Inversion. (Latin.) Unpremeditated,extemporaneous.

FE

40

EXTRANEOUS.

Foreign,far-fetched. EXTRAVAGANZA Extravagant and {Italian.) as to compo^tion and performance.

wild

F.

FA.

A

FACILITA

in solfaing, F. to the note applied, syllable easier adapA facilitation, an {Italian*)

tation"

{Italian.)A bassoon. An FALSE FIFTH. imperfector diminished as, C sharp G. Certain notes of a man's FALSETTO {Italian.)

FAGOTTO

Mh

:

,

which can

are

above

its natural

compass,

voice

aad

which

dance

in

onlybe produced artificially.

FANDANGO.

An

expressiveSpanish

time, generally accompaniedwith

?

castanets.

{French.) A trumpet tune. ) A speciesof compositionin FANTAISpl {French.) the author ^ves FANTASIA {Italian.)) which free scope to his ideas,without regardto those systematic forms which regulate and symmetrical other compositions. With a lofty and splendidstyle FASTOSO {Italian.) FANFARE

of execution.

{German.) F Major. FERMA {Italian.)Firm, resolute. FERMATA {Italian.)A pause. FERMATE With firmness and decision. {Italian.) CON FEROCITA FEROCE, with {Italian.) Fiercely, an expressionof ferocity. F DUR

1 "

FR

42

FLAUTO

A flute. [Italian.) An PICCOLO (Italian.)

FLAUTO a

octave

flute,or

flageolet.

FLAUTO

{ItaMan.) The

TRAVERSO

German

flute.

{Italian.)In a mournful style. With flexibility. FLESSIBILITA, con {Italian.) FLORID. embellished* Ornamental, figured, FLUGEL (German.) A harpsichord. FLUTE-A-BEO (French.) An Englishflute. TRAVERSIERE FLUTE (French.) The German FLEBILE

flute. F

MOLL

(German.)

FOCOSO,

or

CON

F minor.

FUOCO

With (Italian.)

fire.

(Spanish*)A Spanish air,or dance-tune,so

FOLLIA called.

FOR.,

Loud. simply/.(Italian.) FORTEMENT (French.) Loudly,with force. FORTISSIMO, otff.(Italian.) Very loud. FORTZETZUNG (German.) A continuaticMi. that the note or FORZ., or FZ., implies FORZANDO, with particular is to Im marked emphasisor force.

FORTE,

FORZ

or

A

FORZATO FRASI

FREDON raneous

FRESCO

FRETS.

)

J

or

Force: (Italian.)

conforza,with force, vehemently. as,

(Italianplu.) Phrases, short or (French.)A flourish,

musical

other

tences. sen-

extempo^

einbellishment.

Quick and lively. (Italian.) Small projecting divisionsplacedacross

the

43

FU

of guitars, finger-boards lutes,"c., to indicatewhere * the notes are to he stopped. FROSCH (German,) The nut of a bow for the violin, '

tenor, bass, lie.

F^GA

{Italian.)A fugUe.

FUGA

DOPPIA.

double

A

fugue,or fugue on

two

subjects. FUGATO (Italian.)In the fugue or strictstyle. FUGHETTA \ A short fugue. (Italian,) in which FUGUE. A compositionin the strict style, a subject beingproposed by one part,is repeatedand ing imitated by the other parts in succession and accordcertain laws.*

to

BASS.

FUNDAMENTAL

bass formed

A

of

the

only.A bass of this sort is not meant but merel)fto serve to be ptayed, ats a test of the of the harmony. correct progression FUNEBRE (French.) Funeral: as, marche funihret of chords

roots

a

dead

march.

FUNZIONI

FUOCO,

musical (Italianplu.) Sacred in general, "c. as oratorios^ masses, With with intense fire, (Italian.)

con

FURIBONDO

With (Italian.)

FURIOSO, FURLANO

FURORE, FUSA *

See

or

CON

FURIA

Hamilton's

on

fire.

fury,with great agitation.

quaver.

Catechism

Treatise*

mation. ani-

vehemence.

(Italian.)With antiquateddance.

An (Italian.) con (Italian.)With

(Latin.)A

Cberablni"8

extreme

formances per-

Fugue, Composition. on

as

also

and Albrechtsberger's

44

GE

G.

{French,)-In

GAIEMENT

cheerful

a

and

lively

style. GAIO {Italian.)Gaily, cheerfully. GALANTEMENTE (Italian.)Gallantly,boldly. livelydance-tune. {French.) A galop,a quick German

GALLIARD.

A

GALLOPADE dance-tune.

\

GALOPPE

{French.)

GAMME

{French.) The

GAMUT.

The

GANZE note

GARBO

GAVOT. GAVOTTA

)^

{German.)

GALOP

or

Q^ck

in generally

^

time.

scale of any

key. belongingto any key.

scale of notes

(German.)

Whole

semibreve

ganzeton,

;

speciesof dance,

:

as, game a

whole

note,

a

whole

tone. ,

without pretenWith simplicity, (Italian.) sion, unaffectedly. time. A lively daiice in common (Italian.)A gavot, a livelyspecies of

dance.

GEBUNDEN

(German.) Connected, syncopated, in regardto the styleof playingor writing. in opposition GEDACHT to the (German.) fif^oj^^^ci?, in an organ. open {"ipes GEGENBEWEGUNG (German.) Contrarymotion. GEIGE (German). The violin. GENERALBASS (German.) Thorough-bass. GENEROSO manner. (Italian.) Nobly: in a dignified GENRE GENUS (Frenclt). : as, genre chromatvjw, the chromatic

genus.

GM

i^ENUS modes

(Latin.) The

or,

plural,GENERA

of

dividingthe octave,

conjointly ; by by quarter diatonic or

45

tones

natural

or

The

; the

genus

artificial genus

tones by tcaies and semically, only ; and, theoreti-

as,

semitones

only. ; and

different

firstis called the

tic second, the chroma-

the last the enharmonic

genus.

GERADEBEWEGUNG GERADE GES

(German.)

TAKTART

(German.)

GESCHWIND

DUR

(German.)

or

with

motion. time.

Common

flat.

MARSCH

GIOCOSAMENTE,

GIOJOSO

G

(German.)

GESCHWIND GES

(German.)

Sinular

G

Quick.

(German.) Aquickmarclr. flat major.

/^

morously (Italian.)Hu-

GIOCOSO

sportiveness.

Joyously; with buoyant hilarity. (Italian.)

GIOVALE

(Italian.)Jovially.

GIS

(German.) G sharp. GIS MOLL (German.) G sharp minor. GIUSTO (Italian.)Li justand exact time. GLEE. A composition for three or more generallyin a cheerful style. In a glidingmanner. GLISSANDO (Italian.) GLISSICATO

(Italian.)In

a

gentle

and

voices,

gliding

manner.

GLORIA or

G

(Latin.)Aprincipalmovement Catholic

MOLL

service.

(German.)

G

minor.

of the

mass

GR

46

GONG. of

a

pulsatileinstrument, consisting

Indian

An

largecircular plateof

(Italianplu,) Rapid divisions, as

GORGHEGGI

exercises for the voice in

Occasional

GRACES.

indicated

by the

importantof

by

these

are

embellisliments, sometinies sometimes

the

GRADO

{Italian,)A that a melody moves descedding,and not

ously spontane-

performer. The

the

most

appoggiaturq, the Musical

Hamilton's

See

the shake.

singing.

composer,

introduced

and

foellinetal.

tunit

Grammar.

degree, Di grado implies by degrees ascending and di sqlto, by skips of larger

intervals.

{Latin.) Part of the Catholic service, the Epistleand Gospel.

GRADUALE sung

between

GRADUELLEMENT

{French.) Gradually,by

GRANDIOSO

{Italian,)In

a

grand

and

grees. de-

elevated

style. GRAN

GUSTO

{Italian.)In

elevated, grand

an

style. GRATIAS

{Latin.) Part

AGIMUS

of the Gloria.

) With gravity;dignified, {Italian.) GRAYITA, con {Italian.)] solemn. GRAVE ment {Italian.)A very slow and solemn move-

GRAVAMENTE

; also

GRAVITA with

a

deep,low pitchin the scale of

{Italian.)Gravity;

con

gravitUt

gravity.

GRAZIOSAMENTE, ZIA

as,

sounds.

{Italian.)In

GRAZIOSO, a

or

CON

GRA-

flowingand gracefulstyle.

HA GREGORIAN

MUSIC.

47

duced compositionsintro-

Sacred

into the Catholic service

GROSSE

{German,) Major

in

hy Pope Gregory. regard to intervals.

(French.) The great drum. SONATE {German plu.) Grand sonatas. {Italian.)Great, grand, fuU : as, concerto

GROSSE-CAISSE GROSSE GROSSO

a

grosso, GROUND.

concerto

instruments.

A bass, consisting of

intended

as

a

melody

new

for many

GROUP.

An

together. GRUNDSTIMME GRUNDTON

theme is

on

which,

few

a

at

each

simplenotes, a repetition,

constn;icted.

assemblage of several (G"r"ui".)

short notes

bass.

The

(German.) The bass note. A group of notes*; (Italian.)

GRUPPETTO

tied

a

iwn.

GRUPPO

(Italian.)A turn, or grace, GUIDA (Italian.)A guide: as, gtUda armcnUcai a guide to harmony. GUIDON (French.) The character called a direct. GURACHA (Italian^)A speciesof dance. GUSTO CON GUSTO, GUSTOSO, or (Ittdian.) With

taste,

GUTTURAL.

elegantly. Formed

in.the throat.

much

too

H. H.

letteris used by the Germans

This

HACKBRETT

(German.) (GermaTu)

HALBERTON

HALBCADENZ on

HALBNOTE

dulcimer.

The A

(German.)

semitone. A

half cadeDce" a

the dominant.

(German.)

lor B naturaL

A minim.

dence ca-

HA

48

HAND-GUIPE.* brenner,

insure

to

the

of good position

a

HARDIMENT

pianoforte. {French.) With

HARMONICI

plu,) {Italian

on

arms

invented

instrument

An

by

Kalk-

the hands

and

tion. boldness and anima-

in

Harmonics

violin

music.

Certain

HikRMONICS.

indistinct sounds

which, by

of any deepto the vibrations listening attentively be heard to accompany toned musical string, may also certain the principalsound. Harmonics are artificialnotes produced from the violin, violoncello, resemble the tones harp, "c., and which somewhat of a flageolet. HARMONIE {French and German.) Harmony in composed for a miJigeneral; also music ezpressl]F

tary band.

*

combining several sounds, form chords, and of treatingthe combinations

HARMONY. so

The

to

as

art

of

thus formed.!

HART

{German.)

Major,

in

regard

keys

to

and

modes.

HAUPTMANUAL to

set

of

keys

longing be-

the great ("^gan.

HAUPTPERIOD HAUPTSATZ

The

{German.) {German.)

{German.)

capitalperiod.

A

subjector principal

The

theme.

HAUPTSTIMME *

and t

This

iDgenious and

{German.) useful instrument

Co., the manufacturers. 0ee HamUton'B Aatechlsm

of Harmony

part. principal

A

may

and

be had

of Messrs.

Thorough

Bass.

Cocks

IN

50

IMPONENTE

haughtily. Imposingly, (Italian.) The coaductoror {Italian,) manage!

IMPRESSARIO of

an

concert.

or

opera

IMPROMPTU

(French.)

IMPROVISARE

IN IN

extemporaneous

(Italian.)To

IMPROVISATORI the power

An

compose

(Italian.)Persons or reciting singingverses

of

IN

neously. extempora-

which

are

eUt when

stave.

epithetapplied

(Italian.)An

those notes

temporaneous ex-

gifted with

the fifth line of the treble

ALTISSIMO

sing

or

(Italian.)In: as, in tempo, in time. ALT (Italian.)Notes are said to be in situated above

duction. pro-

situated above

the F

over

to

the

ledgerline in the treble. Infernal. (Italian.) Wind instruments,as flutes, clarionets,

thiifladditiooal or INFERNALE

^

INFLATILE.

"c., are

so

termed.

INFLECTION.

pitchor

tone

"

Any change

or

modification in the

of the voice.

(Italian,)A deception.It is generally ally cadences, althoughoccasionappliedto interrupted also to any unusual resc^ution of a discord,or unexpectedmodulation.

INGANNO

INNOCENTE, an

INNOCENTEMENTE

(Itakan.)In

artless and

,

INQUIETO INTERLUDE INTERLUDIUM INTERMEZZI

simplestyle. (Italian.)Perturbed,uneasy, with

|An

quietude. dis-

intermediate strain or

) movement. (Latin.) (Italianplu.) Interludes

or

de-

JE tached

introduced

dances

5\ between

the acts

of

an

opera.

INTERMEZZO

tween (Italian.)Intermediate,placedbeothers.

two

INTERRUZIONE

: as, {Italian.)An interruption senza interruzione, playon without interruption. INTERVAL. The distance,or difference of pitch,

between

notes.

two

INTONATION.

The

of

producingor emitting in singing. musical sounds, particularly INTRADA j (Italian,)A short introductory INTRODtJZIONE j movement. INTRODUCIMENTO

IN'HIOITUS mass

or

act

An introducticoi. (Italian.) of the (Latin.) The commencement

Catholic divine service.

INVERSION. intervals

A and

with change of positiwi

chords ;

regard to

that the upper notes placed below, and the lower notes above, "c.

IRATE

are

(Italian.)Angrily.

IRLANDAIS, dance-t\me

IRLANDAISE in

(French.) An air or the Irish style. hesitatingly, (Italian.)Irresolutely,

IRRESOLUXO dubiously. ISTESSO (Italian.)The the

so

same

same:

as,

istesiiotempo,

time.

(French.) As, d Vltalienne,in the Italian style. MISSA EST ITA (Latin.)The termmatioB of the to Gregorian music. mass, sung by the priest JAEGER-CHOR (German.) Hunting chorus. JEUX (French pltu) Stops in organ playing:as, loud stops ; grand jeu, Mi organ. jeuxfortSy

ITALIENNE

LA

52

{French plu,) Itinerant musicians formerlyso called.

JONGLEURS were

K. of

pianoforte to somid. Flutes,hautboys,and or organ are made other wind instruments,have also their keys, by wihich certain holes are opened or shut. A key is also an assemblageof notes, each of which has a fixed and distinct relation to one particularnote, which, for this reascm, is called the key-note. The lever

KEY.

KEY-NOTE.

A note notes

KIT.

by which

bears

small

A

or

to

the notes

which

a

a

dinate series of other subor-

distinctrelation.

a

pocket violin,used by dancing-

masters.

KLANG

(German.)

Sound.

KLANGESCHLECHT

(German.) A genus; as, the chromatic genus. matisches kiangeschlecht, KLAPPE (German.) A key belongingto any

chro-

wind

instrument.

FLUGELHORN.

KLAPPEN

(German.) The keyed

bugle. KLAPPTROMPETE

(German.) A keyed trumpet^ KLEIN (German.) Minor, in regardto intervals. KURZ (German.) Short the KYRIE (Greek.)Lord. In the Catholic service, firstmovement of the mass beginswith music set to the words Kyrie eleison,Christe eleison^Lord have mercy

upon

us,

Christ have

mercy

upon

us.

L. LA.

A

in solfaing, syllable to the applied,

note

A.

63

LE

LA

{French,) A pieceof music in the huntingstyle. In a mournful, dolorous LAGRIMOSO {Italian.) style. of a violin, L'AME tenor, {French.) The sound-post CHASSE

"c.

]

LAMENTABILE

[

LAMENTIVOLE LAMENTOSO LANDLER

{German.)

rustic and LANGUEMENTE

LANGUENDO LANGUENTE

A

or air country-dance

in generally popularstyle,

3

in

a

time.

g

{Italian.) )^ Langmshmgly. {Italian.) \ ....

I.^^^^^^

V

with

languor.

LARGAMENTO

LARGAMENTE,

In a {Italian.) full,free,broad styleof performance. XiARGHETTO Indicates a time slow and {Italian,) measured

in its movement,

but less

so

than

largo.

LARGHISSIMO

{Italian.) Extremelyslow. A very slow and solemn {Itcdian.) degree

LARGO

of movement.

LAUDAMUS the

{Latin.) We

praise

thee.

A

partrf

mass.

LAUTE

{German.)

LEADING

NOTE.

of any

The

lute.

The

seventh note

of the scale

key,when at the distance of a semitone below the key-note. LEBHAFT (Geman.) Lively. 6*

LI

54

LECON

for some

or

instructive composition

instrument

LINES.

LEDGER are

lesson

(French,) A

Those

drawn occasionally

lines

temporary

above

or

below

which

the stave,

order to obtain additional situations for the heads

in of

the notes.

LEGATISSIMO

{Italian.)Exceedinglysmooth

and

connected.

(Italian.)In

LEGATO

a

and

smooth

connected

manner.

(French,)

LEGEREMENT '

With

lightness and

gaiety.

LEGGIARDO

Light,gentle. (Italian.) LEGGIERAMENTE (Italian.)Lightly, gently. LEGGIERISSIMO the utmost (Itcdian.)With and facility. lightness CON LEGGIEREZZA. LEGGIERO, or (Italian.) With lightness of execution. and "icility LEIGHT (German,) Easy. LENTANDO (Italian.)With increased slowness. LENTEMENT (French,) ) LENTEMENTE )Italian.) \In slow time. ) LENTO (Italian,) LENTEUR, avec (French.)) With slowness,in a se) date and lingering LENTEZZA, con (Italian.) pace. LIAISON (French.)Smoothness of connection;also a

bind

LIBRETTO

or

tye. The (Italian.)

book of the words

of

an

time

as

Italian opera is so called. LINIE (German.) A Hne of the stave.

LISTESSO the

TEMPO

previousmovement.

In the (Italian.)

same

55

MA LIUTO

(Italian.)The lute. LiOCO {Latin.) This word impliesthat a passage is written in regardto pitch; to be playedjustas it.is it generallyoccurs after Sva alta, or 8va bassa. LiOURE (French.) An old-fashioned French dance. L.UGUBRE (Italian.)Mournfully,sadly. L.USINGANDO (Italian.)Soothingly, persuasively. Li YRA The musical lyre,a well-known (Italian.) instrument. LYRIC. to

Poetryadapted for and

intended

to

be

set

music.

M. MA

But: (Italian.)

but

not

too

MADBIGALE

much \

j

MADRIGALS

as,

allegroma

troppo,^mckt

non

so.

Blaborate compositions (Italian.) for voices

in five

or

six parts, in

the ancient

styleof imitation and fugue. MAESTOSO (Italian.)With majesticand dignified expression. DI CAPELLA MAESTRO Chapel-master, (Italian.) director of the chapel music in the Catholic or service.

MAGGIORE MAJEUR

respect

) Major, (Italian.)

(French.) to

(Frencli.)The gauchey or M. D., M. piano music. master.

sition

to

oppo-

minor, less, "

^in

scales,intervals, modes, "c.

MAIN

MAITRE

)

greater," in

DE

hand: G. ; the

CHAPELLE

asy main

rightor

droitey main left hand

in

(French.) Chapel-

MA

56

MAJOR.

in respect to intervals and

Greater

MAJOR

MODE.

One

of the

modem

two

modes.

modes;

key-noteis major. MAGNIFICAT. A canticle sung by the Virgin in A part of the Vespers in the house of Zachariah. the Catholic evening service. the third from

that in which

MALINCOLIA

)

MALINCONIA

" (^^^^^^)

,

the

,

^

^^

*

,

,

,

melancholy style.

crease Indicates a gradual de(Italian,) of tone. in the quantity MANCHE (French.) The neck of a violin. MANDOLINE (French,)\ An instrument with four ".(Italian.) \ strings,and with frets, MANDOLINO like a guitar ; it is tuned like the violin. MANO (Italian.)The hand. Mano dritta,the right

MANCANDO

hand

;

sinistra^the lefthand.

mane

MANUAL

(German.)

The

key-board.

Very stronglymarked. (Italian.) (Italian.)In a marked and emphatic

MARCATISSIMO MARCATO

style. MARCHE

(Italian.)In harmraiy,a

sequence

MARCHE MARCIA MARTELLATO

symmetrical

of chords.

(French.) \ ^ "^^'^^(Italian.) \ Weil articulated, smartly (Italian.)

detached. MARZIALE

(Italian.)In

MASK

)

MASQUE

)

MATINS. church.

A

sort

of musical

formed The

a

martial drama

by characters

style. or

operetta, per-

in masks.

lic earlymorning service of the Catho-

MI

6S

*

METHODE

{French.) A

Treatise orBook

of Instrao

tions.

METRONOME

{French.) An ingenionsinstrument for indicating the exact time of a musical piece,by of a pendulum, which means or may be shortened lengthenedat pleasure. See Hamilton's Treatise oo. the Metronome and Hand-guide. METRUM or time. {German.) The measure MEZZA A song of moderate BRAVURA {Italian.) to execution. as difficulty MEZZA VOCE {Italian.)With, moderation as to tone

MEZZO as,

; rather

soft than loud.

In a middlingdegree or manner : (Italioii.) mezzo piano, rathei forte,rather loud ; mezzo

soft.

ME2Z0

rate {Italian.)Implies a modedegreeof expressionand execution. SOPRANO MEZZO {Italian.)A female voice of a lower pitchthan the soprano or treble. A C clef for this voice used to be placedon the second line of CARATTERE

the stave. MI

{Italian.)A

syllableused

in

solfaingto nate desigE, or the third note of the major scale. MINACCIOSO {Italian.)In a threatening style. MINEUR {French.) Minor, in speakingof keys and intervals. MINIM. one

A

note

of which

the

duration is equal

to

half of the semibreve.

MINOR.

Less in regard to intervals.

MINORE

Less {Italian.) as

to

modes

and

in respect to intervals mi; nor

kevs.

59

MO.

MINUETTO

A minuet; (Italian.)

a

in

slow dance

tripletime. MISERERE

(Latin.) Have

MISSA

(Latin.)A

mass.

A

mercy.

In

psalm of

musical

a

consists of five principal movements

mass

sense,

the

"

plication sup-

the

Ky-

Agnus Dei. mysteriousmanner.

rie, Gloriaj Credo, Sancttus,and MISTERIOSO

In a (Italian.) MISURATO In measured or strict time. (Italian.) MIT (German.) With; as, mit hegleitung,with an

accompaniment. MODE.

certain arrangement

A

MODERATO

(Italian.)With

a

of tones

tones. and semi-

moderate

degreeof

quickness.

Modestly,quietly. (Italian.) MODULATION. A change of key.* MOLL (German.) Minor in relation to modes and keys : as, A molly A minor ; H molly B minor, "c MOLTO gro, (Italian.)Very, extremely: as, molto allevery quick ; molto adagioy extremelyslow.

MODESTO

MONOCHORD.

An

the elucidating MONOCORDO

UONTANT

MORDENTE an

for string,

)^

^^"^^^^ (French.) \

sition of any

For

one

,

"^^.

(French,) Ascending. (French.) A piece or musical

MORCEAU

*

with

doctrine of intervals.

(/to/ian.)

MONOCORDE

A

instrument

kind. A (Italian.)

beat

explanation of this dtfflcult branch

ton'g Catechiam

on

compo

ModttaUon.

or

of

transient shake. harmony,

"""

Bamll-

NA

eo

MORENDO

in regard Giaduallysubsiding {Italian,) to tone and time ; dyingaway. MORISCO In the Moorish style. (Italian.) MORMORANDO With a gentle mur{Italian.) moring sound. MOSSO Movement with : as, piitmosso^ {Italian.) slower. more quicker: meno moTement, mossoj MOSTRA A direct (Z^aZtan.) MOTETTO A motet, or pieceof sacred {Italian.) music

in several parts.

MOTIVO

of an air The principal subject {Italian.) or other musical composition. MOTO MOTO, or CON {Ital^n.)With agitation, anxiously. MOTO In contrarymoveCONTRARIO {Italian.) A term used in counterpoint ment. to imply that the melodyof one part moves in an opposite direction to

that of another.

MOTTEGIANDO

^

Jeeringly, jocosely. {Italian.) MOVIMENTO Time, movement{Italian.) MUSETTE {French.) A small kind of bag-pipe. character. Also an air of sweet and pastoral MUTE. A small instrument which is occasionally cello, placed on the bridgeof a violin, tenor, or violonof the instrument, to damp or diminish the tone its vibrations. by checking N.

NACHDRUCE NACHSPIEL after some

accent, {German.) Emphasis, or piece {German.)A postlude, plsiyed

other.

61

NO

T5NE

NACHSTVERWANDTE relative

est {GetTnan.) Near-

keys. In

impliesthat the voice singing, is deteriorated by passingthrough the nostrils. NEBENGEDANKEN (German plu.) Accessory TONE.

NASAL

subordinate ideas.

and

{Italian.)In

NEL

the.

I{Italian.)With nobleness,granJ deur..

NOBILE

NOBILIMENTE NOCTURNE

{French.) See Nottumo. NOIRE {French.) A crotchet. NON associated generally {Italian.)An adverb of negation, ^

with

troppo :

as,

non

troppo presto^Aot too

fast

^

in nine parts. A composition {Italian.) MOLTO NON {Italian.)Not much. NON TANTO {Italian.)Not too much; moderately: as. Allegronon tanto, moderatelyquick. NOTA A note: (Italian.) as,

NONETTO

buona, ft strong or accented

NOTA

cambiatafa changed

"

or

note.

transient irregularly

note.

cattiva,a weak

or

unaccented

note.

a characteristicor leading note. caretteristica,

.

NOTATION. and

The

art

their various

of representing musical sounds modifications

by

notes,

signs,

terms, "c

NOTENPLAN

(German.) The ^tave. SENSIBLE NOTE (French.) The leadingnote of the scale, of the scale which is situated or that note a

semitone below 6

the

key-note.

OP

62

vocal or {Itali^m.)A composition, strameHtal, suitable for evening recreation,from

NOTTURNO

m-

its

of character. eleganceand lightness

0.

0

flautoo violinoyflute or violin. OBLIGATI (Italian,)A part or

(Italian.)Or

OBLIGATO,

or

parts of

a

as,

:

to its just performance, indispensahle compositioncannot properlybe and which, therefore,

omitted.

applied to

A term

OBLIQUE. between

two

parts,where

that

the

one

relative motion ascends

or

scends, de-

stationary. (Italian,)The hautboy. OBOI, hautbo3rs. while

OBOE

the other remains

interval of

eightnotes. (French.) A piecein eightparts. ance (Greek.) A place for the publicperform-

OCTAVE.

An

OCTUOR ODEUM

of miisic ;

a

concert

room

hall.

or

(French.)Opera or work;

CEUVRE

CEuvre

premiery

the first work, "c. ) ^f (French.)^ ^ (Latin.) ^^^

OTVmTOIRE OFFERTORIUM

s

)

OFFERTORY.

,^^ CathoHc 3^,^,,^ .

(German.) "Without: BSy ohne hegleitungeih without accompaniments. a ONDEGGIAMENTO waving, (Italian.)With

OHNE

tremulous

motion

of the sound ;

as

lin, also,on the vio-

tenor, "c., a close shake.

"PEN are

HARMONY.

Harmony

of which

separatedby wide intervals.

the aotes

OR OPERA

{liaUan.)A

63

'

of drama, consisting

musical

recitatives,airs, choruses, "c., combined and action. This term scenery, decorations,

appliedto OPERA

work

or publication

any

of

with is also

author.

an

BUFFA

(Italian.)A comic opera. OPERA SEMI-SERIA A semi-serious opera. (Italian.) OPERA SERIA A serious or tragic (Italian.) opera. OPERETTA (Italian.)A short or littleopera. OPHICLEIDE. brass instrument A duced introlately, into this country, of

pitch. ORATORIO some

It is chiefly used in

and

tone

and

a^deef

music. military

(Italian.)A musical drama, scriptural story,performedwithout

scenery

founded

on

the aid of

action.

ORCHESTRA

(Italian,)That

theatre,between is

loud

a

occupiedby

enclosed part of the

the stage and the audience,which the musicians instrumental peror formers.

to designate, Sometimes, also,itis applied

the performersthemselves collectiyely,

a

; as,

full

orchestra,a thin orchestra. ORDINARIO

Usual; (Italian.)

as,

a

tempo ordinario,

in the usual tijgae. A well known

ORGAN ORGANO

musical

(Italian.)

ORGEL

(German.),

ORGUE

(French.)

and

highly appreciate instrument,

chieflyused in churches, and other placesof divine worship.* "

ORGELGEHAUSE ORGEL

SCHULE

.

(German.) The case of an organ. (German.) A school or method

for the organ. *

see

|V"r a history and

"

description of this

QwnQton'tf Organ Cate^faism.

most

noble

of all instruments,

PA

64

[German.) Pieces for the cxtgsjL^ Graces; as, the appoggiatura, {French.)

ORGEL

STUOKE

ORNEMENS

turn, shake, "c. O

SlA{Italian") Or else;as, in this ipiOre easy

OSSERVANZA,

or

o

sia

facile or piii ^

else

manner.

CON

OSSEEVANZA,

(Italian.)

in regardto time. exactness scrupulous Persevered OSTINATO in, adhered to, {Italian.)^ of circumstances. continued in despite OTETTO (Italian.)A compositionin e^ht parts. This word An octave. OtTAVA, or Sva (Italian.) is generally nifies joinedwith alta or bassa : the first sigit is appliedmust that the passage to which be playedan octave higherthan it is written ; the be playedan octave second that it must lower. OTTAVINA (Italian.)The littleor higherocuve. OUVERTURE (French.)jAn overture, or introducI tory symphony to a OVERTUKA (Jifo/icTi.) dramatic performance. With

P. PANTALON

(French.) One

of the movements

of

quadrille.

the

(Italian.)In

PARLANDO

a

speaking(h:

ry declamato-

manner.

PARLANTE in PARTE

a

(Italian.)Accented, as if with words declamatorystyle. A part in vocal or instrumental (/i^a/tan.)

music. PARTE

CANTANTE

vocal part.

The (Italian.)

singing

or

PE

66

PAVANE a

(French.)

antiquatedFrench dance

of

serious cast. ALE

FED

An

(Italian.)A

piano music,

bass. In pedal or stationary term impliesthat the peifoimer the pedal which takes oBl the

this

press down

must

'dampers. FEDALE an

(German.)

organ

FEDALI

That

set

of

keys beloDgingto

played on by the feet* The pedals,in piano or (Italian.) which

are

organ

music.

For (Italian.)

PER

or

by :

as, per

U

violino^for the

violin.

PERDENDO,PERDENDOSI,orPERDEN This

impliesa gradualdiminution, both in the

term

quantityof PERFECT.

A

term

A

speedof morrement appliedby theorists

to

certain

chords.

CADENCE.

close in both PERIOD.

and

tone

intervals and

PERFECT

(Itaiian.)

completeand satisfectory the harmony and melody. complete musical sentence containiDg A

several members. or compo(German.) Periodology, sition.

PERIODENBAU

{ With importance and weight, (Italian.) i impressively. TEV (French.) A little. j PEZ2rE (Ital.plu.) FragmentSi select detached

PESANTE

piecesof music.

"

See Andr6

and

of the Pedalfl.

Hamilton**

Treatise

on

the

ment Manage-

PI PHONICS.

The

or singly

PHRASE.

art

67

of treating musical sounds,either

in combination. A short musical sentence

an containing

idea.* incomplete PIACERE a^ : as, a piacere, Will,pleasure {Italian.) in regardto time. the performer's pleasure At pleasure PIACEVOI4E ; in a pleasing (Italian.) style. PIANGENDO Plaintively. (Italian.) ) Despondingly, PIANGEVOLE (Italian.) ) PIANGEVOLMENTE dolefully. (Italian.) Extremelysoft PIANISSIMO, or pp. (Italian.) Soft. PIANO, or p. (Italian.) A QUEUE PIANO (French.)A grandpiano-forte.

(French.}A square piano-forte. PIATTI plu.) The cymbals. (Italian Little: as, violino picciolo, PICCIOLO a (Italian.) CARRE

PIANO

small violin.

(French.)The feet: as, avec les pieds,with the feet in organ playing. fox a Full: as, ajjtena orchestra, PIENA (Italian.)

PIEDS

full orchestra. Full. (Italian.) With pity, PIETQSO (Italian.), compassionately. / A fife. VWESiO (Italian.) An adverb of augmentation: VJJ3 (Italian.) ^s,piii louder;jaiw softer; ;?iano, ;"w/or*e, presto,quicker; lento,slower. piu tosto lente,rather slow ; piil

PIENO

*

See Hamilton's

eliMm

on

the

Musical Grammar,

as

algo his Cate-

and lavention, Developm^rvt, EKpeeition,

Concatenation of Musical Ideas.

r

".

PO

68

PIZZICATO,

PIZZ.

In violin or violoncello (Italian.) music, is appliedto notes which are to be instead of being played twitched with the finger, with

or

the bow.

PLACID

With placidity, (Italian,) quietly. CHANT PLAIN (French.) Plain song or chant. PLAINTIVO (Italian.)Expressively, plaintively. AMENTE

(French.)

PLAQUE

Struck

at

once,

in

speaking of

chords.

piece of quillor ivory,used of the mandoline, "c., instead twitch the strings the fingers. VLEIN TEJJ (French.) Full organ. PLECTRUM.

A

(French.) More

PLUS

:

as,

to

of

plus animi, with greater

animation.

PNEUMATIC. in

A

appliedto

wind

instruments

general. POCHETTO

POCHETTINO, as

term

play somewhat pochettindy A little, rather,somewhat (Italian.)

ritard.

POCO

litUe

(Italian.)A

un

slower. :

as, poco

presto, rather quick; poco piano, somewhat poco

piuy somewhat

more

; poco

meno,

:

soft;

somewhat

less.

By degrees,gradually (/^aZtan.) ; as, louder and louder by degrees; poco a poco crescenchf softer and softer by degrees. poco a poco diminuendo, Dwelt upon, impressive. POCrGIATO (Italian.) POI (Italian.)Then; as, piano poi forte,soft,then

POCO

A POCO

loud.

POINT

D'ORGUE

passage.

(French.) A pause

; alsoa

pedal

PO

69

(French.) Dotted, in speakingof

POINTEE

the duration

of notes. A slow

POLACCA

time, of peculiar rhythmical construction,as

(italian.) {French.) (French.)

POLONAISE

POLONOISE

in I

Polish dance

^^^

^^^^^

^^^^

^^y^

,^^,^,^

^

^^

third crotchet of the bar,

POMPOSO

(Italian,)In

a

grand

and

pompous

manner.

PONCTUATION

(French.) Musical

MUSICALE

punctuationor phrasing. PONTICELLO (Italian.)The bridge,in speaking of the violin, "c. guitar, ing of sustainPORTAMENTO. (Italian.)The manner the voice. A glidingfrom one and conducting *

,

note

to

PORTEE

another.

(FrencL) The

stave

on

which

the notes

written.

are

POSATO POSAUNE

POSITION

(Italian.)Quietly, steadily. (German.) The trombone. (French.) A positionor shift,m

the

violin, tenor, or vidoncellb. POSITIF

: (FrencA.) ) The choir organ. TOSITIV (German.) } VOSSIBILR Possible; 3.Sf H piii (Italian.) fortepos' as loud as possible ^Hebz. sibiley POST-HORN (German.) A sort of bugle; ,alsoa the notes of such suited to, and imitating movement .

^^

"

an

instrument.

POTPOURRI

fantasia on or (French.) A capriccio

"vorite airs.

70

PR

POULE

(French.) One quadrille.

POUSSE

(French.)

of

the

In violin

is used to indicate

term tjbis

an

or

the

of

movements

violoncello

music

up-bow.

(Italian:)Practical. PRECIPITATO (Italian.)In a hurried manner. PRECIPITE (French.) Hurried, accelerated. exactitudeWith PRECISIONE precision, (Italian.) PRELUDIO (Italian.) j A preludd or introductory

PRATICO

PRELUDItJM PREMIERE time.

(Lat.) ) movement. (French.) First;^% premierefoisyfirst

"

(Italian.)Rapidity,quickness: as, con prestezza, with rapidity. PRESTISSIMO rapid degree (Italian.)The most PRESTEZZA

of movement. PRESTO

"

(Jia/wn.) Very quick. female PRIMA DONNA (Italian.)The principal singerin an Italian opera. VISTA PRIMA At firstsight. (Italian.) First time. PRIMA VOLTA (Italian.) PRIMD (Italian.)First: as, violino primo, first time. violin : tempo primo in the firstor original BUFFO PRIMO (Italian.)Fitet comic actor and y

singer. PRIMO

PRINCIPAL. the

(Italian.)Principalmale

MUSICO An

organ

See

all the

octave

an

above

diapA^ons.*

PRINCIPALMENTE

"

stop tuned

singer.

(Italian.)Principally.

Hamilton's numerous

Organ Catechism

stops.

for

a

of description

QU PROBE

(German.) ) ^ (Italian.)\ .

FROVA

PULSATILE. as

A

made

are

drUm, PUNT

A

arco,

PUNTATO

a

to

term

sound

71

,

rehearsal.

appliedto such instruments by bemg struck upon, aa^ a

tamborine,"c.

The (/to/tan.) point;zjs^della punta with the pointor tipof the bow. {Italian,)Pointed, detached.

deV

Q.

QUADRILLE a

set

Le

{French.)

French

A

of five ccjnsecutivedance

Pantalon, La

Povle, L^Ete, La

CROCHE

Trenise

{French.)

semiquaver. QUARTETTO {Italian.)A for four voices

movements,

called ou

La

Finale.

Pastourelle, La

QUADRUPLE

dance, or rather,

or

quartet

A

or

semidemi-

composition

instruments.

of: as, quasi In tha manner or style {Italian.) like an allegretto. allegretto, for QUATUOR {French.) A quartet or composition

QUASI

four voices

or

instruments.

{German.) Ledger lines. QJJESTO {Italian.)This or that. With calmness or repose ; quietly. QUIETO {Italian.) ) A cfuintet or QUINTETTO composition {Italian.) QUINTUOR {French,) ) for five instruments or QUEERSTRICHE

voices.

QUI

TOLLIS

QUONUM

TU

of the Gloria. {Latin.)A movement SOLUS {Latin.)Part of the Gloria.

RE

72

R.

R.

H.

R.

or

indicates the

music.

righthand

in

piano-ibrte

"

With {Italian.) rage, furiously. ) (Italian.)With RADBOLCENDO augmented RABBIA

$

RADDOLCENTE

softness.

RALLENTANDO

RANS their their

nution Impliesa gradualdimi{Italian.) in the speed of the movement, and a corresponding deesease in the quantityof tone. VACHES DES {French.) Airs played npoa pipesby the Swiss herdsmen, to assemble herds and keep them togetheron their return

home.

{Italian.)Rapidly.

RAPIDO

RAWIVANDO

{Italian.)Reriving,reanknating,

rawivando : as, accelerating or quicken the time.

R".

il tempo, to animate

sfliable appliedin

to the note D. solfaing RECITANDO In the styleof recitation; {Italian.) declamatory. RECITANTE {Italian.)In the styleof a recitatirc. RECITATIF {French.) A recitative. RECITATIVO {Italian.)A recitative or musical

A

declamation. ^

SBCCO

RECITATIVO

Unaccompanied {Italian.)

recitative. ,

RECITATIVO tive

RESL. REFRAIN

STROMENTATO

accompanied Jbythe A

Recita. {Italian.) orchestra.

Scotch dance. lively A burden,or tag-endto {FrcTtch.)

a

song.

RO

74

{ttalianplu.) Extemporase-

KIFFIORAMENTI ous

embellishments.

antiquated French

An

RIGADOON.

in

dance

triple

time.

Hnf. or emphasis.

RINFORZATO,

RINFORZANDO,

rf.

additi("ial tone and With (Italian,) RIFIENO {Iktlian.)A term appliedto such }}arts

music,

concerted

intended

are

effect ci the

the olr

as

ment aug-

{Italian.)With

and resolution.

RISVEGLIATO

(Italian.)With

RITARDANDO,

RITARDATO

a

and

tutti,or fullchorus of voices

RISOLUMENTE

boldness

a

fillup

instruments.

RISOLUTO,

'

to

in

much

animation.

(Italian.) Implies slackeningof the time, with

gradual retardingor correspondingdiminution,in pointof

tcme.

(Italian.)A keeping back, a decrease in the speed of the niOTement. troduct RITORNELLO (Italian.)A short symphony or into an air ; asaJeo the symphonies between The same the members term or periodsof the air. is applied, also,to the tutti parts, introductoryto, RITENUTO

RITENENTE,

and

the solos d*

between

RIVERSCIO

)

RIVESCIO,

al

/t"

I

a

X

7. ^^'^*^^)

ROHR

ROHRWERK

J '^^^'*"^^^''*'^' T

"

(German.)

A

"*

*

(Italian,)The double cotrnterpoint.

RIVOLGIMENTO parts in

Concerto.

inversion

J

of

the

reed.

(German.) Reed-york ; the tiken collectively.

reed stops

RU

ROMANCE

{French,) )

IIOMAN21A

{Italian.)) suitable

melody RONDE

{French.)

RONDEAU RONDO the

is

repeated.

of each

end

RONDINO,

sic ; such

or

\

A

\

strains

several the

ROULADE

fundamental

{French,)

members,

or

first part

subject

or

RONDINETTO,

{Italian,)

The

gant ele-

and

composition of

or

RONDILETTA,

ROOT.

mu-

words.

rondo

of which

RONDOLETTO

simple

a

to

semibreve.

{Italian,)

at

lyrictale,set

short

A

to

A

{French,)

75

short

A

of any

note

division

A

or

or

rondo. chord.

rapid flightof

notes.

BOUND.

A

of

sort

ROUNDELAY.

A

parts of which

couplet. BUBATO,

their

of

antique poem,

is made

return

ROBATO

terms

their

sort

first verse

{Italian,) Rohhed,

tempo

rubato

or

in which

notes

some

are

legitimatetime, while others the aggregate

value

borrow

api^iedto

are

proportionate durations,

the whole,

the

to

in various

poeticalrondo.

performance

than of

or

The

ed.

of

A

a

in the unison.

canon

in

a

held are

order

of the bar

style

longer

curtailed

that, on may

not

be disttirbed.

BUHEPUNCT

ody; RUSSE

(German.) a

A

point of

repose

in mel-

cadence.

{FrencL) Russian style.

Russian

:

9S,

a

la

Russe, in the

SC

76

S.

6ACEBUT. a

An

old-fashioned instrument

resembling

trombone.

of a musical instrument (German.) A string5ALTAND0 {Italian,)Proceeding by skips

6AITE

o^

bounds, SALTERELLA.

See Sartarella.

SALTO

(Italian.)A leapor skip, SALVE ,REGINA (Latin.) A hymn to the Virgin. of the SANCTUS (Latin.)A priacipalmoyement mass

SANFT with

Catholic

or

service.

(German.) Soft : soft stops,in organ

as, mit

sanftenstinaneriy

music.

SANS

(French,) Without; zs, sans pedtdeSyVriihooX the pedals, in organ [playing. SARABANDA A saraband,' \ an antique (Ji(a/tan.) SARABANPE (French.) \ slow dance-tune. SARTARELLA \ tj, ii* a \ dance. A tsj (^^"^*""') NeapoLtan

j

SARTARELLO SATTEL

(German^ )

a

The

nut

of a violin finger-board,

"c.

SCALA

(Italian.)A scale or gamut. SCALD. the Northem nationp, implies a Among bard or poet-musician, SCENA of an opera. An (Italian.)A scene or portion composed of several scenes. ^ct is generally SCHERZANDISSIMO

(Italian.)Li

playfulstyle. eCHERZANDO,

SCHERZqSO, and playful,

SCHERZANTE, or

SCHERZ

sportivemanner.

an

exceedingly

SCHERZO, (Italian.)In a light,

SE

77 "

SCmMSSEL

{GermaTu) The clef.

SCHNARRPFEIFEN

work, reed

{German.) Reed

stops.

(German.) Quick

WALTZER

SCHNELL SOHREIBART

(German.) Style. {German.) A school or method

SCHULE

waltzes.

ing for learn-

instrument,"c.

any

{German.) Piano, or soft. SCHWEIGEN (German.) Rests. SCIOLTO {Italian.)With freedom and boldness. SC0Z2ESE {Italian.)In the Scotch style. ger thi finSDRUCCIOLATO sliding {Italian.)Gliding, of an instrument. along the keys or strings SCHWACH

SEC ciT^

/^

SECCO

{French.)i \r J In ) {Italian.)

/^

/

/^

r,

,

\

"

SECHZENTHEIL SECONDE

.

or unomamented dry ^

a

NOTE

(Ckrman.)

{French.)Second

:

as,

A

,

,

-

mannei^*

semiquaver.

second secondefois,

time. '

SECONDA),_ SECONDO

SEGNO, to

V

rp, 1(^^^^*^^*)^"^

or

the

,.

'" {Italian.)Asiga: B.s,alsegnOyTetvan

sign; dal

segno

SEGUITO

SEGUE, follows.

second.

Examples

y

repeat from the sign.

:

segue

il coro,

segue la finalef the finale now also used in the sense of in similar :

that

the chorus follows. or

like

manner

as

lows folIt is y

subsequent passage is to be played like that which precedesit. SEITENBEWEGUNG {German.) Oblique motion. SEMI {Latin.) Half: as, semitone half a tone, "c. to

show

follows,or

{Italian.)Now

a

y

7*

7ff

8E

SEMIBRE

V".

A

to two minims, longnote e(i\al

four

^c. jcrotchetSi

SEMIGHORUS.

A choras

to

be sung

by only a

por^

tia^q( the voices. SEMICHROMA

A semiquaver. (Z^fl/uin.) (latin.) The diminished

""MIDIAP"NT"

perfect im-

or

fifth.

SEMIDITONE

(Latin,) The

SEMITONE.

third,

minor

A half tone.

SEMPI.ICE,

SBMPLICEMENTE

(Italian,)With

simplicity, artlessly. BE'MPRE Always: (Italian.)

^Hiw^y^ stax^cato detached; sempre forte,always loud; or increasingin force. continually semprepiufortej

SENSIBLE

(French.)

The

sempre

staccato

leadingnote

or

sevenlii of

the scale.

SENTIMENTO,SENTIMENTALE

With (J"fl2"an.)

and senti|[ient. feeling SENZA Withput : as, senza (Italian*) organo, rigore,without regard to put the organ ; senza without repetition. ftime;seaza replica, SEPT^TTO (Italian.)A septet,or piece for

witht exact

seven

instruments.

for seven composition

A

SEPTUOR.

instruments

or

voices,

^even

SEQUENCE.

A

series of similar

chords,or intervals,

"c.

(Italian.)The

SERBANO so

SERENADE

JPERENAT4

ment a musical instruserpent,

called.

(french.) \ A (Italian.) J

serenade iBoncert m

or

evening

the open

air.

*79

SI This

is also used to

tenn

designate any musical

position com-

of song, consisting subject, strument recitative,and chorus; or any lightand pleasingino[ several moY"* composition consisting on

an

amorous

ments.

SEKIA

: as, (Italian.)Serious,tragic

serious

opera seria, a

opera.

SERIOSO

(Italian,)In

serious

style. SERPEGGIANDO (Italian.)Gently and silently creejMng onwards, quietlyadvancing. SERPENT. A military instrument,of a coarse, deep resemblinga serpent in its figure. tone, somewhat A vocal or instrumental comSPSTETTO position (Italian.) a

"

for six parts.

(German.) Styleof composition. for six voices or instruments. A composition

SETZART

^XTUOR.

that

plies or,"/.(Italian.)Imis to be played with

SFORZANDO,

SFORZATO, a

note particular

emphasis and force. in solfaing, to SI. A syllable applied, SICILIANA (Italian.) A movement character, in pastoral soothing, the dance SIEGUE.

g

the note

of

a

B.

slow,

time, resembling

peculiarto the peasantry See Segue.

of

Sicily.

(French.) The Signature. (French.) The ^ or direct

SIGNATURE

SIGNE

,

SIMILAR

MOTION.

parts always ascend SIMILE

That or

in which

descend

at

the

two

or

same

in like 9ianner. Similarly, (Italian.)

more

tioie.

SO

80

{Italian*)A symphony or orchestral compositioain many parts. SINGfflOZZANDO (Italian,)Sobbingly. "INGSTIMM"N {Gemum jdu.) The Toices ; the SINFONIA

vocal parts.

(Italian.)The left hand. SINO Of SIN' (Italian,)As far as: to the end. 5tV al fine,with i^irit SI REPLICA (Italian.)Repeat. SINISTRA

SI

(Italian,)Be silent. (Italian.)A gradual diminutioa

TACE

SLENTANDO the time

SLUR. to

A

or

speed of the

SMORZANDO to

they must

two

over

be

(/te/ian.)With (Italian.)In

SMORFIOSO

in

movement

hne drawn

curved

indicate that

SMANIOSO

/uoco

as, con

or

notes

more

smoothly connected. fury.

an

affected

manner.

(Italian.)A gradual diminution

as

tone.

In a soil,sweet and delicate style. (Italian.) SOGGETTO (Italian. ) The subjector theme. A syllable SOL. to the note G. applied,in solfaing, SOLENNITA (Italian.)With solemnity. SOAVE

SOLFA

)

SOLFAING

)

The

by practiceof solfeggi

of

means

the

do, re, mi, fa,sol,la, syllables, si,correspondingto the notes C, D, E, F, G, A, B.

SOLFEGGI

(Italianplu.) ) ^

SOLFEGGIO

"

^^^''''^' \ (Italian.)

SOLI, pluralof SOLO more

r

^^' .v *'

"

^^^"

(Italian.) Impliesthat two or principalparts play or sing toother: such

parts, of course,

are

never

doubled.

"

32

"

ST

SOTTO

(Italian,)Below: as, contrapunto below the subject. soggettOt counterpoint SOTTO VOCE (Italian,)In an under tone. SOUPIR (French.) A crotchet rest

(French.) The subdominant

SOUSDOMINANTE

U

sotto

or

fourth of the scale. SOUSMEDIANTE

(French,)

sixth of the scale.

The

submediant

or

'

,

(French.)The

SOUSTONIQUE or

seventh of the scale

subtonic.

SOUVENIRS

reminis(French plu,) Recollecti(ais,

cences.

SPICCATO

lin distinctly.In vio(Italian.)Pointedly, music, this term impliesthat the notes are to be played with the pointof the bow. SPIELEN (German.) To play upon an instrument. SPIRITO SPIRITO, CON (Italian.)With spirit SPIRITOSO With great spirit (Italian.)

!^f.^!f^"l Us it standi. ) STAT (Latin.)

(Latin.)A hymn on the crucifixion. STACCATISSIMO Very detached. (Italian,) STACCATO (Italian,)This term impliesthat the to be played distinct, notes are short,aad detached from one another by rests. STARE (German.)Forte, loud; as, mit starhen stin^

STAB

meny

STAVE.

AT

MATER

with

loud stops, organ playing. lines on which The five parallel

placed. STENTATO (kalian.) In for some efiect particular

the

notes

are

a

loud, bawling

manner,

ST

83

STESSO

The same. {Italian.) STIBACCHIATO Xl^alian.)Dragging, relaxingin the time.

STEACCINATO

STRAIN.

(Italian,) Relaxingin A

double

postionof

a

the

ment. move-

divided o"f by

moyement

a

bar.

STRASCINANDO

(Italian.) Dragging,rehixingin

degreeof movement. STRASCINO (Italian,)Relaxingin the

the

degree of

movement.

STRATHSPEY.

A

Scotch lively

dance

in

common

time.

STRENG

in relation to style. % (German,) Strict, In a noisy,boisterous ) (Italian,) STREPITO, con

1

STREPITOSO STRETTO in which at a

manner.

The (/i(a/"an.} the subjectand

knot answer

Thatpartofafiigue succeed

very short interval of time.*

music,it sometimes of the time

one

ther ano-

Jn modems

implyan acceleration the close of the piece. (Italian,) Dragging in the time. (Gemuin plu,) Different ways of

near

STRICCIANDO STRICHARTEN

is used

to

bowing. STRINGEINDO of movement,

(Italian.)Accderatingthe degree .

STROMENTI

(Italianplu.) Musical instruments in general di vento, wiBdinstmmeAts, : as, Mromenti "c. t

"

See CocK8*8

magnificent

8 TOlf. "B44X"lllpOBiUflBt

$V6,

edition

of

on AIbrechtBl)erger

""

Barmonjr

SW

84

(Latin,)Under, below/ SUBBASS (German.) A stop iDg to the pedals. SUB

SUBDOMINANT.

fourth

The

of

set

or

pipesbelong*scale

of the

note

of

key.

any

SUBITO over

SUBMEDIAJST.

The

SUBTONIC.

turn

sixth of the scale.

The

SUBSEMITONE.

svMtOy

v^ti

Quickly: as, (Italian.) quickly.

the

below

The

semitme

note

situated

below

semitone

a

note. key-

the

key-note. SUITE (French.)A series,a collection: de pieces, a series of lessons. SUL On or upon : as^ std Ay on (Italian.) on violin,"c.; stilponticello,

of the

as, une^nite

the A or

string the

near

bridge. SUO

LOCO

SUPER

(Latin.) In (Latin.) Above,

its own

usiialplace.

over.

The

SUPER-DOMINANT.

or

note

next

above

ike dominant

in the scale. The

SUPERTONIC.

note

above

the tonic

or

key-

note.

SUPERTONIQUE note

(French.) The

cond se-

of the scale.

SUE

(French.) On : the fourth string,

SUSPENSION^

supertonicor

The

as,

sur

la

momentArf

qiiairiimecorde, on

withholdingof previouschord.

a

of the note by retaining some SVECaAATO (Italian.) SmarUy, wiOi life. SWELL* That portionof an organ which consists of note

85

TA

pipesenclosed in a box; with this box itmay be gradually a pedalcommimicates, by which opened ox shut, and thus the tone made louder and softer by degrees.* SYNCOPATE {Italian.)In a constrained and synco* pated style. The SYNCOPATION. connectingthe last note of of

anmnb^

one

bar to the first note

but

one

of the next,

go

form

to

as

places equal to both : this diseffect. and produoesa peculiar accent {FreTicL) A symphony; a piecefor a

note

the

SYNFONIE

ij"a

duration

full orchestra.

SYRJNGA

{Latin,}Pan's pipes. T.

TACET a

{Latin.)A

movement,

instrument not

to

or

word

part of a

which

impliesthat during some particular movement,

is to be silent: a,SyJlautotoce^ the fluteis

play.

TACTART

{German.)

The

speciesof time

mea-

or

sure.

TAILLE

{French.) The

tenor

voice

or

paxt.

TAKT

{German.) The bar. TAETSTRICH {German.) The the division of a pieceinto bars TALON {French.) The heel of near

the

lines which

mark

; the bar-line.

the bow, that part

nut*

TAMBOUR

or great dr"m. (FrencA.) A military

*

8

Seo Hamllton'f

Catacbinn

on

the

Oigaa.

TE

86

^

TANTO

-

{Italian.)Not so much ; not too much. ERGO [Latin.)A hymn sung at the

TANTUM

bene

diction.

TARANTELLA

A peculiar of dance sort (Italian,) to have the virtue of curingthe bite of i (Pipposed venomous speciesof spidercalled the tarantula. TARDANDO {Italian.)See Retardando. TARDO {Italian.)Slowly,in a draggingmanner. of any TASTIERA The finger-board instro(Italian.) ,

ment.

TASTO

SOLO,

or

T. S.

The

words

used

are

in

gan or-

music, to indicate that certain piano-forte bass notes are not to be accompaniedby chords in the righthand. and

!^^"^^"-^

TEDESCO TE

*^

^

**y**-

"*"^

DEUM

(Latin.) A hymn of thanksgiving. TEMA (Italian.)A subjector theme. TEMPERAMENT (French.) Temperament, a term used in the mathematical theoryof sound, in tuningr "C.*

TEMPESTOSO

In a tempestuous man(Italian.) ner, violently agitated. COMODO gree (Italian.)In a convenient de'

TEMPO

of movement

TEMPO,

or

A

prassionused to

indicate

TEMPO

DI

TEMPO after

a return

BALLO

In (Italian.) some

to

'

time.

An

'

relaxation in the measure, the

I

original movement

In (Italian.)

the

time of

dance. *

ex-

Bee Hamilton's Art of

Tuning.

'

a

87

TH

TEMPO

DI

GAV.OTTA

TEMPO

DI

MENUETTO

(Italian.)Jn gavot time. In the timeol (Italian.)

minuet.

a

TEMPO

GIUSTO

TEMPO

PRIMO

time.

(Italian.)In stricttime. (Italian.)In the first or original "

viation (Italian.)Impliesa slightdein the measure for the sake of expression, by and curtailing note another,so that one protracting

TEMPO

EUBATO

the time of each bar isnot

altered in the afgregate.

tenderly. (French,)Affectionately, TENEBRAE (Latin plu,) The Cathdic evening service duringholy week. TENEREZTENERAMENTE, or CON TENERO, TENDREMENT

ZA.

(Italian.)Tenderly. TENIR a bow, "c. (French,) To hold,as a violin, TEN ORE The tenor voice or taior singer: (Italian.) voice. a high male TEN. TENUTO, 1ENUTE, or (Italian.)Implies that a iK"te or notes be held on, sustained, or must kept down the full time. TER (Italian.)Thrice. TERZETTO A short trioor piecefoy three (Italian.) voices. TETRACHORD. THEILE

A

system of four sounds.

(German plu.) Parts

or

capitaldivisions

of the bar. THEME

(French.) A subject.

THOROUGH bass figured *

See

Bass.

BASa on

the

The

pianoor

Han^lton'sCatechism

on

of

accompanying a organ.*

art

Harmony

and

Thorough

t

TR

86

{French.) The ketde-dnim. TIMOROSO and awe. (Italian.)TTith timidity TIMPAin {Itcdian plu.) The kettle-drums. A Spanishnational air. TIRANNA {Italian,) This term is used in TIRE {FrmchJ) Drawn. TIMBALLES

music TOCCATA

to

denote

a

down

violin

how.

of difficult exeA movelnent cution (Italian.) the pianofor a single instrument,generally forte.

A short toccata. (Italian.) {French.) The key: as, le ton d^ut,the key

TOCCATINA TON

of

*C. TOl^ART

(German.) Mode. TONATILLAS (Spanish.) National Spanish airs sung to a guitaraccompaniment. TONAUSWEICHUNG (German.) Modulation. The key-note TONIC. i? so called by theorists. TONIQUE (French.) The tonic or key-note of a piece. TUNKUNST (German.) The science of music TONLEITER (German.) The scale. TONSCHLUSS (German.) A cadence. TONSETZER (German.) A composer. TONSTttCK (German.) A musical composition. TONSTUFE

(German.) A degreeon the stave. TOUCHES (French.)The keys of the pianoor organ. TRACHEA (Latin.) The windpipe. TRADOTTO Arranged,adapted. (Italian.) "TRANQUILLO, TRANQUILLAMENTE, con TEANQUILLEZZA com(Italian.) Tranquilly,

jposedly.

TU

W

TRITON

1

(Italian,)] ^^P^^^^^au^ented

TRITONE

TROCHEE. aad

^^'^'^'

{Latin,))

TRITONUS

A

foot,composed of dissyllabic

one

long

short

syllable. (Italian.)A trumpet.

one

TROMBA

in opposition (Italian,)A theorist,

TEORETICO

to

musician. practical TROMBA BI BASSO (Italian,)Bass trumpet. TROMBA MARINA (Italian,) The trumpetmarine, a speciesof monpchord. a

mere

TROMBETTA

(Italian,)A

TROMBONE

(Italian,)A

larger,and TROMMEL TROMP

DE

TROMPETTE

with

in

TRUGSCHLUSS

TUTTE

loud

CORDE

(Italian.)With as possible.

piano, to

imply that

TUTTl out

kind, but

met

the

with

or

strings.

in music

pedal which

for the

shifts the

no

passages

both,

mence, vehe-

all the

longerbe pressed down. (Italianplu.) All. A term used must

those

much

the utmost

(Italian.) Upon

is sometimes

movement

trumpet

rough-

slidingtube.

term

This

powerftd and

(French.)An itinerant bard, or musician-poet, the times of chivalry. cadence. (German,) An interrupted

FORZA as

a

trumpei:.

(German,) The great drum. BEARN (French,) The Jew's harp. (French.) The trumpet.

TROUBADOUR

TUTTA

very

of the

instrument

toned

small-sized

are

where to

be

to

all the voices,or

introduced.

point ments, instru-

91

V "

TUTTO

(Italian.)All, the whole: as, tutto arco, with the whole length of the bow. TYMPANI [Italian,)The kettle-drmns. TYROLIENNE (French.) A dance peculiarto the inhabitants of the Tyrol. U.

UBERMASSIGE

(German.)

in

regard to intervals.

XJBUNG

(German.)

musical

Augmented,

exercise

An

or

study

fluous super-

for any

instrument.

UGUALMEMTE

all alike. (Italian.)^Equally, (German.) Inversion, in speaking

UMKEHRUNGr of chords. UN

(Italian.)A

UNA

:

as,

poco,

un

a

little.

(Italian.)Implies that a passage is to be played upon only one string* UNGERADE TAKTART (German.) Triple time UNISONO UNISONI, (Italianplu.) This term impliesthat two, three,or more parts, are to playin unison with each other : or, ifthis be not practicable, at

UT.

CORDA

least in A

octaves.

monosyllableused by

solfa the

note

C.

the French^ to

and

name

-

V.

Y

is used word

by the Italians

Yiolin:

as

are

YY.

as

an

abbreviation

for Yiolini

or

of the

Yiolins.

92

VE

YA

Go

{lUdian^

od:

as,

crescendo, continue

va

to

increase in loudness.

VALCE

{Italian.) ) A waltz

: as,

Valse

de Voiseau,

VALSE (French.) ) a bird-waltz.* VARIAMENTO (Italian.)In a varied and

free

style

of execution.

VARIAZIONI air

or

(Italianplu.) Variations

upon

an

theme.

VAUDEVILLE

dramatic (French.) A short interesting with little airs. entertainment,interspersed VELOCITA In a rapid VELOCE, or CON (Italian.) time.

The

particularpassage

a

is

signifythat played as quick as

used

is sometimes

term

be

to

to

possible. (Italian.)With alia (Italian.)In

VELOCISSIMO

VENEZIANA, VERANDERUNGEN

rapidity. Venetian style.

extreme

the

(German plu.) (German.) Combination.

VERBINDUNG

VERMINDERTE

Variations.

(German.) Diminished,

of intervals.

in

ing speak-

"

for the (German.) Short movements interludes, or post-lodes organ, intended as preludes, "c to psalm-tunes,

VERSETTE

VERSETTO

(Italian.)A

VERSETZUNG-ZEICHEN

short

or

littleverse.

(German:^

Marks

of

the sharptthe flat,and the natural. transposition: SCIOLTI VERSI {Italian.)Blank verse. VERWANDT (German.) Related,relative as to the keys. "

See

Ushed

Three

by Cocks

yery

and

elegant Waltzes, under Co.

this

title,by ChauUen.^ pub* *^

VI

^VIBISPERAE

93

{Latim) Vespers

or

service ereiiing

in

the Catholic Church.

VESPERS.

The

evening service in the Catholic

Church.

VERWECHSLUNG

{German,)

VERZIERUNG

change or

A

{German.) EmheUishment,

tation. mu-

vari-

ation.

VIBRANTE the

(Italian.)A peculiarmanner keys of the piano.

VIBRATISSIMO

ing of touch-

of superlative

{Italian.)The

tJi-

brato.

VIBRATO,

VIBRATE

qualityof VIDO VUIDE

{Italian.)With

brating strong vi-

a

tone.

used in music {Italian.)) Terms (French.)J stringedihstrdments

that lin,violoncello, "c., to signify

for such as

the vio

note particular be playedon the open string. must VIELLE (French.) The hurdy-gurdy. VIERTELNOTE (German.) A crotchet. VIGOROSAMENTE VIGOROSO, Boldly, (Italian.) vigorously.

(Italian.)The

VIOLA VIOL

D'AMORE D'AMOUR

VIOLE

tenor

a

violin.

(Italian.) ) An instrument with resem(French.)) tux strings,

blingthe violin VIOL

DI GAMBA

(Italian.)An

the violoncello, but mounted VIOLINO.

VIOLINO

The

instrument with

six

bling resem-

strings.

violin:

PRINCIPALE

violin part principal

(ItoHan.) The

first

or

VO

94

(French,) A violin./ VIOLONCELLO ) /. (Italian.) ^^^ ^^ "^ VIOLONCELLE (French.)\ VIOLONO (Italian.)The double bass. One VIRTUOSO who greatly excels {ftalian.) instrument. some particular YIOLOV

^

on

VISTAMENTE

(Italian.) ) VITE \With (French.) VITEMEiSTT (French.) ) VrVAMENTE,

VIVACE,

briskness and

With

pr

quickness.

CON

VTVACITA

(Ital.)

animaticxi.

^

VrVACISSIMO VTVACITA

VIVO,

CON

VOCALIZE.

(Italian) With extreme vivacity. vacious (Italian,)Vivacity:as, con vivacita,vi(Italian.)Animated, Hvdy. practisesinging on the vowels,

VIVEZZA To

the Italian A. chiefly VOCE (Italian.)The voice. DI CAMERA VOCE A voice (Italian.) pnv^te rather than for publicsinging. The chest DI PETTO VOCE ^(Jiffl/wn.)

suited

or

for

natural

voice. VOCE

DI

TESTA

(Italian.)The

head-voice,that

is,the falsetto or feignedvoice. VOL

ANTE

VOL

AT A

VOLL

(German.)

VOLLKOMMEN VOLONTE at

(Italian.)In a lightand rapid msmner. (Italian.)A rapidsuccession of notes.

will.-

FvHl:

as,

mitt voile

(German.) Perfect. (Frendu) Will, pleasure:

orgel,Ml

as,

a

or-

volonie,

95

ZA Time {Italian.)

VOLTA

of

prima volta, the firsttime tat the second time, "c. SUBITO,

VOLTI page

or

V. S.

playinga movement of playing;seconda

(Italian,)Tum

over

:

as,

vol'

the

quickly. A

VOLUNTARY. of two

or

sisting conpiecefor tileorgan, generally

calculated todis*

three movements

of the play the capahilities

instrument

and the skill

of the

play"r. titles. in German VON {German.) By, often o"curs term VORBEREITUNG a {German.) Preparation, used in harmony. "c. 'VORSVEILE {German.)Preludes to psalm-tunes, VORZEICHNUNG {German.) The signature. VUIDE {French.) Open: as, corde vuide,m violin music, indicates the open string* W.

WALTER

{German.) A waltz. WECHSELNOTEN sient tran{German plu.) Irregular notes, appoggiaturas. WEICHE {German.) Minor in respect to keys and .

mode.

{German.) Essential. WifiMRHOLUNG {German.) Repetition. WINDLADE {German.) The windchest of an WESENTLICHI

z.

ZAMPOGNO ZARGE

gan. or-

"

of the bagpipe. {Italian.)Li the style {German.) The sides of any musical instro-

"

96

ZW

such

ment;

as

violin, tenor,

the

gvdtaTr

violoncello,

"c.

2EITMASS

ZELO,

(GermaTi.) ZELOSO

con"y

ZERSTREUT

tically. zeal, enthusias-

kind

of rustic

pipe,

longer

no

comet.

a

ZINGARESA,

{Italian,)

alia

ZITHER

The

(German,)

ZOPPO

movement.

or

Dispersed.

A

(German,)

used,

time

{Ital.) With

{German,)

ZINCKEN

(Itattam) in

melody

ZUFALLIG

In

which

a

short

two

limping

a

long

teach

birds

to

little flute

tween be-

flageolet, chiefly

or

Compound,

in

of times.

2rWISCHENRAUME

playing.

placed

sing.

)

(German,

ZWISCHENSPEIL

always

(German,)

ZWEISTIMMIG

the

is

style of

Accidental.

ZUSAMMENGESETZT

speaking

note

A

manner.

notes.

(Italian,) A to

gipsy style.

the

In

guitar.

(German,)

ZUFFOLG used

The

For

(German.) lines

of the

two

voices The

or

spaces

parts tween be-

stave.

(German,)

An

interlude

in orgaa

98

ABBREVUTIONS.

G.

"hando. .

.

.

Grazioso.

Grazo

Grandioso I. Introd.

". Introduzione.

.....

.

L.

Leg.

.

Leggier. Leggiero.

Legato

.

.

M. M. D. M.

.

.

.

.

S.

M.

M.

Mano

dritta

Mf.

Mano

sinistra

M.

.Maelzel's

Magg.

.

Man^".

Merio

Modo.

Mezzo

piano

.

Maestoso

.

:

.

.

.

.

Mezza

V.

forte

Mancando

.

M.

.

.

Maesto..

Maggiore

Men. .

Metronome

P.

Mezzo

Moderato

voce.

0. All 8va. 8a

8va.

or

All' ottava

.

.

Ottava

.

8va aha

.

.

S^abassa. .

Con

8^a,

Op.

.

Octava

alta

Ottava

bassa,

Con

,

Opera

.

or

ottava an

ottava, with

Orgo.

.

.

alta,an

higher

octave

lower

octave

octaves

Ob.

Organo

.

Oboe

.

or

oboi.

P.

T. .....

Piano

Pp.

Pedal

I""*,

.

Ped. ....

Pf.

Piano .

and then forte

.

Perden. .

.

Berdendosi Prest"ao

BaddoJt

.

.

Raddplcendo

.

Ppp.

.

.

Pianissimo

prima

"

.

.

.

.

very

1"".

primo

pianissimo

Pizzicato

Pizz.

Prestissima

Rf. Rfz. orRinf. Rinforzando

99

ABBREVIATIONS.

Ritard.

Iiall?en. .

i j

.

Rallo. .

.

Ritardando .

.

.

Rallentando

Riteii.

Ritenuto. ....

.

S.

Scherz.

Scherzando .

.

Smorzando

Smbrz. .

.

Seg

Segue

2da.

Sem

Sempre

2^""

Sf.

Sforzando

Sosten.

.

.

Seconda "

Secondo

or

Sostenuto

sost

Staccato.

Stacc. .

.

...

.

T.

T.

S.

Tasto .

Solo

Tempo

Tern

.

Ten..

Tenuto. ....

U.

UnisonL

Unis. "

.

.

.

V.

Var. .

.

Variation

V.V

Violini

Viola

V"o

Violoncello-

Violino

V.

.

V". ....

Vo.

i .

.

.

S

Volti

subito.

100

PHRASES

WHICH

MODERN

IN

OCCUR AUTHORS.

And"i^

ma

non

e

con

Not

tristezza.

slow,

too

pathos. (Usedby Kessler.)

but with Andantino

troppo

sostenuto

simplidementetU

"

canto

un

poco

piU forte. In a sustained and simple stfle,with the melody somewhat lotiderthan the other notes, Colla

As

forza e prestezza. quick as possible. {Herold,) In the same H prima tempo. Come 4nu

gran

loud

and

moyement

as

as

at

first Come

tempo del

CantcMe,

omamenti In

huonu

a

will,but few Con

ahhandono

and

Same

tema.

ad

moyemttkt

libitum^ ma

as

piittosto pochi embellishments

with singingstyle, and well chosen.

e

at

(Dus^ek,)

espressione. With

ed

the theme.

self-abandoQ

expression. {Herold.) .

Con

brio ed animato.

Con

%va

ad libitum.

Animated With

and

octaves

at

brilliant.

pleasure. "

Da

e poi la coda. Begin again, r^petizioncy "nd then without any repetitionof the strain,

c^o but

senza

proceed to

the eoda*

piacevolmente espressivo, rS"ft and pleasingexpression. (H. Herz.)

Dolce

e

F'Ff principalmenteU the bass.

basso.

with

Very loud, especially

FHRiiSJeS

2?

dite

terzo

WHICH

OOCUE

Istesso

MODERN

valore,ma

un

poco

101

AUTHOBi.

The

di hassa.

in the bass.

all the notes

on

h notte

tutte

a

IN

third

finger

{H.jHerz,) The

piiltento.

same

time^

but rather slofwer. JModerato

assai

degree

molto sentiment

con

of movement,

with

il basso.

e marcato sempre staccato the bass always well marked J

Poco

a

animation Poco

a

and

and

With

piu difoco.

poco,

feeling.

much

Piano

h. very moderate

o,

detached.

graduallyincreasing

fire.

crescendo,decrescendo.

poco

Soft,with"

Louder, softei^

by degrees. Poi

poi

a

another.

All the

le corde.

tutte

afler one strings, in playingthe grand

An

used expression piano-forte.

Segue

subito and

cambiare

senza

without

il

tempo.

changing the

Proceed

rectly di-

time.

Go on wi"out stopping. Segue senza interruzione. and more Sempri piano e ritenuto. Always more '' off in the degree of ^novement soft,and falling ally GraduSempre piu decrescendo e piu rallentando. softer and

slower.

Sempre piu forte,'

all

....

to

ffxpao.Louder

and louder

the fortissimo. volta

Seconda sec"nd

molto

crescendo.

Much

louder

the

tiiQeof playing.

SirC cUfine, To the end. Teiiete sine alia finedel as

suono,

longas the sound lasts. 9*

"

Keep

the

keys down

102

CHARA.CTERS

.,

USED

IN

MUSIC.

"

^

Names

1.

of the

Notes,*

after En^aad and Germany the notes are named ti^ seven lettfer% A, B, C, D, E, F, G. The onlydififerenceis that the Germans a|^plythe letter B to B'flat only,a("dcall our B natmal, H. In Italyand France the notes are named la,si,do, re, mi, fa,sol, In

to corresponding

These

notes

even aionally

Thus

we

A, B, C, D, E, F, G.

our

may

and he natural,liiarp, or flat,

ooca-

douhle* sharp,or double flat. have

C juatural, C

times,C double sharpand C In France and Italythese

sharp,C flat, and,

double flat. notes

would

respectively

be called do naturelle,do dieze,do hemri*do double eze,

do

The

double

at

di'

h^molj ^c.

Germans

add

to

the letterwhich

is used

to

nominate de-

the npte,in its natural state, isywhen it is be WMifi shmy, and es, when flat : thus widi them C 0 C

sharp

The stave

~

~

"

"

*

For

is called cis.

flajtdoublesharp

C double on

ces.

ciscis.

flajt

cesces.

which Ijienotes

are

written.

drawn above or below the Ledger lines, supplyadditiqiial placesfor the notes. a

full explanatiui of tfie modem

jBbmUton'sAuical

to

stave

to

systepi p{ notation,lee

Grammar, pu))Iished \"jft- Cocks

and

C"^

103 "~*v

Treble

\

J

Clefs

C

or

G clef.

which clef,

admits of four sitila-

tions.

F

" 2.

-

or

bass clef.

relating to the Duration JPkteSf Rests,Dot", ^c,

Characters

M

"

Breve.

Semibreye.

Mimnii

t

-

"

Crotchet

Quavei

.

Semiquaver.

of

the

104

"

S

"

Demisemiquaver.

All the abo7"

notes

may

have

one,

two,

placedafter them, to protracttheir Each note has its corresponding rest ; as.

three dots

Breve

d"i.

rest, or two

Semihreve

"

""

-K

"

"

Minim

rest, ot

rest.

or

duration.

bars in any time.

bar a single generally

1

Crotchet rest,

-I

"

"

sa

g

"

"

even

Quaver r^^t.

Semiquaver rest.

rest. JPemisemiguaver

,

"c

fv

rest.

106 3

three crotchets

-

4

i

"

*""."

"

6

six crotchets

4 6

SIX

quavers

8*

\

twelve quavers

8

12

twdvesemiquarers

5

nine crotchets

"

4

9 nine

quavers

nme

sebuquavers

8

9

^

16

"

5.

the Duration affecting

Chamcters

Other

of

the

Notes. ^1^

bind

A

of the /fm^

tie,which

same

note

or

tone.

or

more

notes

longernote.

lengthensat

will the

duration

rest.

indicatingthe various Degrees of Loud and Soft.

Characters

Indicates

two

connects

into one

name

A pause, which of A

" 6.

or

a

crescendo,.oi gradual increase of

107

Indicates

decnscendo,

a

Indicates

gradualdecrease.

or

firsta crescendo, and

then

a

de-

crescendo. Indicates first a decrescendo, and

"

7.

a

crescendo.

Marks

of Accent

and

stress

marked

then

Expression.

^

"

V

Indicate

a

chord.

y\

I

"

/

Dashes, indicate f f f f

staccato;

Dots, "

"

"

a

notes

way

Curves "

"

"

notes

that is,not

held

Notes

a

single

purpose.

very short,or their full value.

struck short,but not as the preceding.

and dots"

over

same

struck

on

any abbreviations

/

even

also used for the

are

accent

The

singlenote or OT */"*/"^/^"^fayfP^ note,

"

or

in

so

marked

stillless staccato.

"

Slur,or legatomarL "

8.

Graces.

Jor/ Indicatesthe appo^aturo,\vl^ether or superior

^

inferior.

-%.

Turn.

1 2

Inveijtedjtum.

108

b

with the

Turn

'^ tr

tr or

the

with

Turn

above

note

note

"

flat.

^de

below

made

sharp.

A f hake.

^^^^^

"" or "

vibratioJI or close shake.

The

.^,"^^

"

Indlcatesthat the chord before which

r

must

it is

placed

appegioed. or sprinkled

be

T

"

9.

Characters

component parts

i

or

separate a Movement

to

Marks 'strainsy

into iu

of Repetition^ tj-c

Double bar.

i

Double

i

DouUe

bar, with

a

of repetition

the

preceding

a

of repetition

the

foUowing

strain.

'

i !"

I

used

bar, with

strain.

Double bar, with each side.

Indicates the

piece.

a

of repetition

strain which

is

to

the

stirain oo

conclude the

109

Marks

^ 10.

of Puncttiationyor Rhythm, 0

A

Indicates

Indicates

inde-

not

independent

sentence.

.

,

"

Miscellaneous

11.

used

brace

A

in 120 80

ployed em-

Characters, two

or

harp and piano-forte,

more

staves

organ

music,

gether toor

scores.

)

J Z

to connect

y

in

J

completebut

ordinarymarks of punctuation ; : are for a similar purpose. by some composers

The

=

or

period,or complete and

a

musical

f

section

a

pendent idea.

'

O

phrase or incompletemusicid idea.

Indicates

I "

a

the

Mark

)

of MaelzeFs application

Metro-

nome.

"c.

Are

with

met

the

use

in of

cate music, to indipiano-forte the pedals. *

Ped. The

M,

as

direct ; it is placedupon the same the note which begms the next

I I ) ' "

'

A

Are

often met

I

mer

)

upy bow.

to

with

indicate

a

line or space

line.

in violin music, the fordown, and the latter an