A Detailed Lesson Plan in Biology(2ndlessonplan)

A Detailed Lesson Plan in Biology (Kingdom Animalia)

I.

II.

Objectives: Given a set of activities, the students should be able to attain at least 75% proficiency and should be able to: A. list four traits of animals; B. identify the nine major phyla of animals and give an example of each; and C. describe the major characteristics of each nine phyla of animals. Subject Matter: Topic: The Animal Kingdom A. Materials  Powerpoint presentation  Chalk and board  Cellphone  Illustration boards for A & D Statements(motivation) B. References “Science: Learner’s Module”, Vibal Publishing House, Inc., pages 248-266. Kaskel Albert, Hummer Jr. Paul J., Daniel Lucy, “Glencoe Biology: An Everyday Experience” McGraw Hill pages 134-174.

III.

Procedure: Teachers’ activity

Students’ activity

A. Preparation Good morning class!

Good morning Sir!

Before we start our session for today, I would like you to align your chairs horizontally and vertically and see to it that there are no pieces of paper or plastics on the floor.

(Students follow the instructions.)

Are all of you present today?

Yes sir.

B. Motivation Are you familiar with the game “ HAVEY & WALEY”? If that so, I will explain it how will you going to do. When we say HAVEY it means “yes”

No sir.

and when we say WALEY it means “no”. I am going to read statements which are answerable by HAVEY or WALEY. When you know the answer, you will stamp your feet 3 times, clap your hands 3 times and shout your answer. The fastest group who can answer correctly will get 10 points. Yes sir. Understand? (the teacher will group the students into 3) Okay, you have with you now your group members. Select a leader and write your names in a ¼ sheet of paper. This is your first question. 1. Is a starfish a fish?

(the leader of the group will write their group names) (WALEY)

Very good! 2nd question 2. Is coral an animal?

(HAVEY)

Correct! 3rd question. 3. Most animals have symmetry.

(HAVEY)

th

That’s right1 4 question. 4. Do sharks have bone?

(HAVEY)

You’re correct! 5th question 5. Animals are multicellular.

(HAVEY)

That’s right! 6th question. 6. They have cell wall.

(WALEY)

Very good! Last question. 7. Animals are organisms that can make their own food.

(WALEY)

C. Lesson proper What have you noticed when we were having a game? What is all about our topic for today? Yes. Alright! It seems that all of you are kin

KINGDOM ANIMALIA sir!

observers. At this point in time, we will discuss about kingdom animalia. What are the four traits of animals? Yes.

Animals can’t make their own food. Most animals can move from place to place. Most animals have symmetry. And lastly animals have many cells.

That’s right! Animals really can’t make their own food. It means they are Heterotrophs. The cells of animals make up tissues and organs that form systems or they are multicellular. They have no cell wall. They are organism with membrane -bound nucleus (Eukaryotic). All animals belong to one of two groups- the vertebrates and the invertebrates. What are vertebrates and invertebrates? Yes.

Exactly! People and the animals most closely related to us, such as fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and other mammals and these are vertebrates. Worms and insects are examples of invertebrates. What is symmetry? Yes.

That’s right! Only a few very simple animals do not show symmetry. These animals grow in variety of shapes. There are two types of symmetry. What are they? Yes. Exactly! In radial symmetry, the body parts are arranged in a circle around a center point. The sea anemone is an example of an animal that has radial symmetry. All vertebrates and some invertebrates have bilateral symmetry. In an animal with bilateral symmetry, the body can be divided lengthwise into two equal sides, a right side and a left side. For us to identify the nine major phyla of Kingdom animalia, let’s have a game. So this game is called “decoding the number”. I will

Vertebrates are those animals with backbones while invertebrates are those animals without backbones.

Symmetry is the balanced arrangement of body parts around a center point or along a center line.

Radial symmetry and bilateral symmetry sir.

be giving you numbers that you have to decode. We will use cell phone for us to identify what is being decoded. While having a game, we’ll have a brief discussion after we identified each phylum using powerpoint presentation. For example: 22-444-666-555-666-4-444-222-2-555 space 7777-222-444-33-66-222-33-7777 Answer: Biological Sciences Did you understand my instruction? Okay let’s start the game. Are you ready! I will give you 1 minute to decode the number.

Yes sir. Yes sir.

1. 7-44-999-555-88-6 space 7-666-777444-333-33-777-2 Time is up! What is the answer? Yes.

Phylum Porifera sir.

Very good! It’s phylum porifera. What are the characteristics of phylum porifera? Yes. Phylum porifera are the simplest animals and they live in shallow and deep oceans. Absolutely! (the teacher will show pictures of phylum porifera) Phylum porifera (sponges) are so called “pore-bearing animals”. They have pores, have skeleton of silicon or calcium containing spicules or their skeleton made of spicules (endoskeleton), have body cavity and have osculum, large opening at the top of the sponge body. And most especially they are asymmetrical, it means no symmetry. Since sponges can’t move, how do they get food? Yes

All sponges must live in water. Water has small organisms in it that sponges can use for food. The pores in the sponge allow water and any food in the water to flow into the animal.

That’s right! next “decode the number” 2. 7-44-999-555-88-6 space 222-66-4443-2-777-444-2-66-7777 Time is up! What is the answer? Yes. That’s right! They are consisting of animals whose tentacles contain stinging cells called nematocysts. What are the major characteristics of cnidarians? Yes.

Phylum cnidarians

Cnidarians are radial symmetry and they are hollow-bodied animals. Many stinging-cell animals have armlike parts called tentacles.

Very good! Phylum Cnidarians have two body forms and these are medusa and polyp. Stinging-cell animals have radial symmetry and saclike bodies made of two cell layers. A jellylike layer lies between the two layers. Inside the body of each animal is a body cavity. The cavity has one opening called the mouth. The only way into and out of the body is through the mouth. How then do they get food? Yes.

They catch it with their tentacles.

That’s right! Addendum, phylum cnidarians reproduce asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction. next “decode the number” “decode the number” 3. 7-44-999-555-88-6 space 7-555-2-8999-44-33-555-6-444-66-8-44-337777 Time is up! What’s the answer? Yes. You’re correct! When you hear the word worm, you probably think of an earthworm, but there are many different kinds of worms. So what is phylum Platyhelminthes? Yes.

Phylum Platyhelminthes

They are unsegmented worms. They are long ribbon-shaped worms. They are free living while others are parasitic and live in freshwater

Absolutely! Worms are more complex than or sea water. sponges and stinging-cell animals. Flatworms are the simplest worms. They have a flattened body and three layers of cells. These layers include the outer, an inner layer and a thick, middle layer. Organs and systems develop from cells of the middle layer. As what you have said that flatworms are parasites. Remember that parasites are live in or on other living things and get food from them. The organism that provides the food is the host. Some flatworms can cause serious problems. What is the common freshwater flatworm that is not a parasite and it has less Planarian sir. than one centimetre long? Yes. That’s right! “decode the number” 4. 7-44-999-555-88-6 space 66-33-6-28-666-3-2 Time is up! What’s the answer? Yes. Correct! One example of the Phylum Nematoda is the roundworms. Will you describe the characteristics of nematode? Yes.

Very good! The free-living ones are important as they are decomposers in the soil in both marine and freshwaters and a lot of them are found in decaying organic matter. Phylum nematode is also bilateral symmetry just like the other phyla. They have mouth and anus. They live in soil and some are parasitic. “decode the number” 5. 7-44-999-555-88-6 space 2-66-66-33555-444-3-2

Phylum Nematoda sir.

They are long, cylindrical and slender bodies. And some roundworms are free-living while others are parasites of animals and plants.

Time is up! What’s the answer? Yes. You’re correct! Also known as annelids, these animals are characterized by a segmented or repeated body parts. Who can briefly characterize the phylum annelida? Yes. That’s right! In addendum, annelids have nervous, circulatory, digestive and excretory systems. One example of annelids is earthworms and leeches. Are we benefited? Why? Yes.

Absolutely! Leeches secrete an anti-clotting chemical that has been used in medicine. Earthworms take soil through their mouths. Soil contains decayed matter, such as dead leaves, insects and seeds. These things are food for the earthworm. The soil itself is not food and passes through the anus. Earthworms move large amounts of soil from place to place by passing it through their bodies. They enrich the soil and loosen it, helping plants grow.

Phylum Annelida sir!

Phylum Annelida are those most are burrowers in the sand and some are hermaphrodite.

Yes because leeches use to be used in medicine to clean blood as well as earthworms also aerate the soil and the castings serve as fertilizer.

Annelids are also bilateral symmetry and they reproduce through internal fertilization or sexual reproduction. 6. 7-44-999-555-88-6 space 33-222-44444-66-666-3-33-777-6-2-8-2 Time is up! What’s the answer? Yes. That’s right! You can be fascinated by the star-shaped sea star of the spine-studded sea urchin and the appearance of the sand dollar. Along with the brittle star and the sea cucumber, they belong to Phylum Echinodermata.

Phylum Echinodermata

What are the characteristics of Echinodermata? Yes. Phylum Echinodermata are also radial symmetry, they live in marine environment and they have a dermal skeleton with spines and plates. Very good! Phylum Echinodermata have hard bodies covered with spines, have no head nor tails and have no left nor right and have mouth and anus at its top and bottom ends. Sea stars have the ability to regenerate. A cut arm easily regrows into a new sea star. What type or reproduction is this? Yes.

Asexual reproduction

That’s right! What part of their body they used to get their food, moving around and gas exchange? Yes. Tube feet Alright! A sea cucumber is dried and used as ingredient for chopsuey and soups. “decode the number” 7. 7-44-999-555-88-6 space 6-666-555555-88-7777-222-2 Time is up! What’s the answer? Yes. Correct! So, what is all about the Phylum Mollusca? Yes.

Exactly! Of course they have no skeleton because they are soft-bodied animals. They are bilateral symmetry. They are both reproduce through internal and external fertilization (Sexual and asexual). What body is covered by a thin, fleshy tissue? Yes. That’s right! The mantle makes the shell. The shell is the outermost covering. It protects the soft body. Soft-bodied animals have a

Phylum Mollusca sir!

Phylum Mollusca are soft-bodied animals, have protective shells and have a mantle which secretes the shells.

Mantle sir.

muscular foot for moving from place to place. What do we mean by univalves and bivalves? Yes.

Univalves mean they have only one-part shell while bivalves have two-part shells.

Exactly. And I know that most of you are very familiar with these phylum mollusca. Many mollusk species are utilized as food like tahong (mussels), talaba (oyster), halaan (clam), scallops, and kuhol or suso to name some. Ant other species are made into decorative items. “decode the number” 8. 7-44-999-555-88-6 space 2-777-8-44777-666-7-666-3-2 Time is up! What’s the answer? Yes. You’re correct! Have you observed what grasshoppers, spiders, crabs and centipedes have in common? If you take a look at each of these you will notice that they have jointed legs. These animals belong to Phylum Arthropoda. What do they characterize? Yes.

Exactly! Their exoskeleton is made of chitin. They are animals with Molting- shedding exoskeleton to grow. Phylum Arthropoda divided into 5 class and these are:    

Class Crustacea- Five pairs of legs Class Insecta- Three pairs of legs Class Arachnida- Four pairs of legs Class Chilopoda- One pair of legs per segment  Class Diplopoda- Two pair of legs per segment Class crustaceans form one group of arthropods which includes water fleas, crabs, shrimps, lobsters and barnacles. They have

Phylum Arthropoda sir!

Arthropods have jointed legs, have exoskeleton, have segmented bodies with 2 or 3 regions and most have antennae.

hard exoskeletons and have mandible to bite and grind food. Class insect form the largest group among the arthropods. They have three body sections, three pairs of legs, a pair of antenna and one to two pairs of wings. What insects do you familiar with? Yes Dragonflies, grasshoppers, aphids and butterflies. Alright! 3rd class is the class arachnida (arachnids). They have 2 body sections, most with four pairs of legs and mouthparts are called chelicerae and pedipalps. They use book lungs to respire. Will you give me an example that you see around your house or outside your house? Yes.

Spiders, mites and ticks sir.

Very good! Spiders with thin and flexible exoskeleton are the largest members of the group. And lastly the class chilopoda and diplopoda or the millipedes and centipedes. They are close relatives of insects have long, wormlike segmented bodies. They have a pair of antenna and each segment bear a pair or two legs. “decode the number” 9. 7-44-999-555-88-6 space 222-44-666777-3-2-8-2 Time is up! What’s the answer? Yes. The chordate phylum is probably the most familiar to you. The structures and ways of life of these animals are most like yours. They are your food, your pets, farm animals,

Phylum Chordata sir!

the animals you see all around you. Chordates live in water as well as on land. Some chordates, such as bats and birds are able to fly. You, too, belong to this phylum. How do you identify chordate? Yes.

A chordate is an animal that, at some time in its life, has a tough, flexible rod along its back. The chordate phylum is named for this trait.

Exactly! Phylum chordates Have a notochord at certain stage of their life cycle; have gill slits and a tail at a stage in their development. However, there are lower chordates that do not have a backbone. Examples are the tunicates and lancelets. Three of the seven vertebrate classes are fish. All fish have certain traits in common. Will you give some characteristics of fish? Yes.

Fish are cold-blooded vertebrates that live in water and breathe with gills.

That’s right! Cold-blooded means having a body temperature that changes with the temperature of the surroundings. Fish have gills on each side of the throat region. There are three different classes of fish in the chordate phylum. What are they? Yes.

Jawless fish, cartilaginous fish and bony fish.

Exactly! Jawless fish are fish that have no jaws and are not covered with scales. The skeletons of jawless fish are made of cartilage. What are the examples of jawless fishes? Yes. That’s right! Lampreys have tubelike bodies covered with slime that protects the skin. They don’t have paired fins. The hagfish is a wormlike and use a toothlike tongue to eat

Lampreys and hagfish sir.

dead organisms. Next is the cartilaginous fish. What are they? Yes.

Cartilage fish are fish in which the entire skeleton is made of cartilage. They have no bone. Unlike the jawless fish, cartilage fish have jaws, toothlike scales, and paired fins. Sharks and rays are cartilage fish.

That’s right! an examples of cartilage fish are the sharks and rays. Some of them eat floating planktons while others feed on invertebrates at the bottom of seas and oceans. And lastly bony fish. These are the fishes that have an endoskeleton made of hard, calcium material called bone. Bony fishes are more familiar to you like bangus (milkfish), tuna, goldfish, and tilapia. Amphibians include frogs, toads, and salamanders. What is an amphibian? Yes. Very good! Usually, young amphibians live in water and adult amphibians live mostly on land. Both frogs and toads jump. Frogs and toads eat worms, insects or small animals. And generally, amphibians are cold-blooded vertebrates. The state of being inactive during cold weather is called hibernation. What are reptiles? Yes.

Very good! Some traits of reptiles are coldblooded vertebrates with a backbone and an endoskeleton. Most reptiles can move quickly. Examples of reptiles are the following:

An amphibian is an animal that lives part its life in water and another part of its life on land.

Reptiles are animals that exhibit more adaptations for living on land. They lay eggs with shells to protect them from drying. They also have smooth or rough scales for protection from loss of body water.

1. Lizards and snakes 2. Crocodiles and alligators 3. Bodies of turtles and tortoises If reptiles are adapted to fly. Characteristics of birds that enable them to fly include: presence of wings and feathers, large flight muscles in the breast bone and reduced weight. Aside from the characteristics of birds that enable them to fly, what else do you know about their traits? Yes.

Birds are warm-blooded. Like reptiles, birds have scales, but the scales are only on their legs.

That’s right! Warm-blooded means controlling the body temperature so that it stays about the same no matter what the body temperature of the surroundings. Feathers help the body keep a constant body temperature. Birds have no teeth, what part of their body they use to get food? Yes. Exactly! Birds have beaks that they use to get food. Birds are important to us in many ways. Will you site some instances that birds help us to a real life situation? Yes.

Their beaks.

They help farmers by eating insects and the seeds of weeds. Some birds eat rats and mice. That’s right! Chickens and ducks provide eggs and meat. Some people have birds as pets. Many people enjoy watching and feeding wild birds. And lastly mammals. I know that all of you are very familiar with mammals’ right? So, what are mammals then? What traits do they have? Yes. Mammals differ from other animals because they have mammary glands that produce milk to nourish their young and most have hair or fur. They breathe in air, have four-chambered hearts and are warm-blooded. Most of them

also give birth to live young and care for them. Exactly! A mammal is an animal that has hair and feeds milk to its young. You are mammal. What do we mean by marsupials? Yes. Exactly! Kangaroos and opossums are pouched mammals. After birth, the young are kept inside pouches and are nourished with the milk from the mammary glands within these pouches. What are eutherians? Yes.

They are the pouched mammals that also give birth to live young.

Eutherians comprise the largest group of mammals. Known as the placental mammals, they bear fully developed young inside mother’s uterus.

Now that you have studied the entire animal kingdom. What phylum do you belong? Yes. Phylum Chordata sir. Absolutely! Remember that you are also a chordate and a mammal. The name of your genus is Homo. Your species name is sapiens. These means make up the scientific name of humans, Homo sapiens. The Latin word Homo means man and sapiens means wise. Together Homo sapiens means wise man. D. Generalization Before you take the quiz, do you have any question? Okay let’s summarize what we have discussed today.

None sir. We tackled about the traits of animals have. We also came to identify those nine phyla of animal kingdom using our cellphones(game) and we were able to characterize each. We also came to scrutinize the presence or importance of these nine phyla in our daily living.

IV.

Evaluation

Animal classification Use the following terms to complete the idea map: many cells; tissues, organs, systems; bilateral; invertebrates; food; vertebrates; move; radial. Cannot make their own ___________.

Most can _______from place to place. Traits

Multicellular made of ____________. Cells organized into _____________________________.

ANIMALS

_______ Symmetry _________or _________.

____________ without backbones. Classification

____________ with backbones. 1. What traits make animals different from other living things?____________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________. 2. What are the 2 groups of animals?_____________________________. 3. What is radial symmetry?_________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________. 4. What is bilateral symmetry?_________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________. 5. How do scientists decide in which phylum an animal belongs?________________________________________________.

6. Which phylum of animals has the largest number of species?_______________________________________________.

VERTEBRATES On the line beneath each picture, write a letter from the list below for every trait that the animal has. Then answer the question.

a. Cold-blooded

h. has feathers

b. Warm-blooded

i. females have mammary glands

c. Lives in water

j. has hair

d. Has a swim bladder

k. has gills

e. Lives on land

l. has endoskeleton

f. has scale

m. has gill flaps

g. Has a beak

n. has lungs

Which trait do all vertebrates have? _______________________________. IDENTIFICATION Direction: Read the following statements and give what is asking for. 1. A cut arm easily regrows into a new sea star. What type or reproduction is this? 2. In Phylum Echinodermata, what part of their body they used to get their food, moving around and gas exchange? 3. This is used as an ingredient for chopsuey and soups. 4. This organism is a one-part shell. 5. They are the five pairs of legs. 6. They form the largest group among the arthropods. 7. They are fish that have no jaws and are not covered with scales. 8. They are the pouched mammals that also give birth to live young. 9. It is also known as the placental mammals. 10. Homo sapiens mean _________________. MODIFIED TRUE/FALSE Direction: Write T if the underlined word is correct otherwise change the underlined word if it’s false. 1. Animals are prokaryotic. 2. Multicellular is an organism that composed of many cells. 3. Animals are organism that can make their own food. 4. All animals belong to one of two groups-the vertebrates and the invertebrates. 5. Vertebrates are those animals without backbones. 6. Vertebrates are those animals with backbones. 7. Asymmetry is the balanced arrangement of body parts around a center point or along a center line. 8. Radial symmetry is the body parts that arranged in a circle around a certain point. 9. Bilateral symmetry is body that can be divided crosswise into two equal sides, a right side and a left side. 10. Phylum Porifera are so called “pore-bearing animals.” 11. Phylum Cnidarians are bilateral symmetry. 12. Most Phylum Porifera is asymmetrical. 13. Flatworms are short ribbon-shaped worms. 14. Nematodes live in soil and some are parasites.

15. Some annelids are hermaphrodite. 16. Sea stars have the ability to regenerate. 17. Phylum Mollusca are hard-bodied animals and they are bilateral symmetry. 18. Class crustaceans have hard endoskeletons and have mandible to bite and grind food. 19. Class arachnids have two body sections. 20. Phylum Chordata has gill slits and a tail at a stage in their development. V.

Assignment 1. How will you describe an ecosystem with low biodiversity? 2. What is the importance of biodiversity to ecosystems?

Mariano Marcos State University COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION Laoag City

A Detailed Lesson Plan In Biology

Topic: Kingdom Animalia Date of Teaching: February 3-7, 2014

Submitted by: Ronel Medina Batangan (Student Teacher)

Submitted to: Mrs. Michelle R. Manere (Cooperating Teacher)

Second semester SY 2013-2014