9 Physical and Non Physical Determinants of City Form Pattern (2)

PHYSICAL AND NON PHYSICAL DETREMINANTS OF CITY FORM PATTERN Submitted by : himanshu phogat 2k6/arch/611 vijay khanna 2k6/arch/630 vipin jangra 2k6/arch/631

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Urban pattern Elements of urban pattern Determinants of urban pattern Urban form Skyline of city Transport Public spaces Case study kg marg, new delhi

Urban pattern

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The pattern of the city is the way how different functions and elements of the settlement form are distributed and mixed together spatially.

Elements of urban pattern      

Building Public space Street Transport Landscape

Determinents of urban pattern      

Skyline of city Urban form Architectural character Transport system Public space

Urban form  

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Urban form is a strong determinant of the ecological Sustainability and urban form footprint of a city and compact and sprawling urban forms can directly impact the city’s environmental future. A form is sustainable if it enables the city to function within its natural and man made carrying capacities- is user friendly for its occupants and promotes social equity. "Sustainable development is the development that meets the needs of the presentwithout compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.”

Faridabad city

Skyline of city 

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A skyline is best described as the overall or partial view or relief of a city's tall buildings and structures. It can also be described as the artificial horizon that a city's overall structure creates. Skylines are a good representation of a city’s overall power  Height , shape and approach were the main criteria for the physical validity of a skyline. Height dealt with the actual impression of the building with respect to the immediate surroundings, and gave rise to the term ‘height limit’ in the modern world. Even though initially, it had more to with structural safety, it had an impact on the city silhouette. The main impact was to exempt certain buildings from the prevailing height limits of a certain area. Shape of a building helps to distinguish various architectural eras. Approach gives a sense of direct experience of the features of a city to its visitor. The first view of the city is always important, and the three kinds of approaches are from the roads, waterfront views, and from a high vantage point, each giving a different sense of the city.

Chandni chowk

Cannaught place

Architectural chcracter 

C u b ism

Chandigarh city

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Exposed brick work

Transport Transport act as the major determinant of the city form.  An effective transport system is that in which one don’t need to travel a lot while moving from home to office, school, market or any other recretional place within the city.  There needs to be minimum traffic jams.  In delhi various modes of transport are 1.Buses 2.Metro 3.Auto rickshaws 4.Rickshaws 5.Private vehicle 

Traffic scenario in Delhi 

The transportation network in Delhi is predominantly road based with 1,284 km of road per 100 km2. The number of vehicles on Delhi’s road has increased by 212% in the last 18 years from 19.23 lakh in 1991 to over 60 lakh by 2008. Road space in Delhi is 21% of the total space available, thus there is little scope of future expansion of road length. The road length in Delhi has increased from 22,487 km in 1991 to 31,183 km in 2008, a modest increase of 17% in the same period. To accommodate the increasing vehicular population, additional space is increasingly sought to be created either over or beneath the road, i.e. Flyovers and underpasses.

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However, traditional approaches do not help to improve the mobility but help to shift the bottleneck from one point to another. For example, GNCTD built more than 15 flyovers on Ring Road to increase the throughput. The condition has improved radically so far as engineering is concerned, but not necessarily in a mobility context. Ring Road has become completely signal-free, but not congestion-free.

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Increasing vehicle population is also positively co-related with number of fatalities caused by road accidents, most of these are pedestrians, cyclists and bus travelers. According to a recent World Bank report (August 2008), every year road accidents cost India about 3% of its gross domestic product, which was more than $1 trillion in 2007. In Delhi alone, till July 2008, 1,128 people had lost their lives in road accidents, of which 64 people had died in accidents caused by Bluelines buses. Therefore, a long-term solution to improve the traffic condition in Delhi, which includes bringing behavioral, attitudinal and cultural changes, is the need of the hour. To avoid the chaos caused by the mixed traffic and to mitigate the risk of accidents, there is a need to encourage lane driving of buses that had been introduced earlier with the orders of the High Court. Further, instead of giving more incentive and road space to private vehicles owners, there is a need to promote public transport.

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Delhi Metro has proved to be a tremendous success story in Delhi. The idea was approved in 1998, with an aim to improve the traffic condition and mobility of commuters. Delhi Metro is operating around 90 trains and carrying approx. 8 lakhs passenger per day. The bus system, however, has its own importance. Delhi Metro can not completely replace the bus-based system on all routes. Due to higher capital cost, low capital returns and large gestation period, it is not feasible to build Metro line on all stretchs. The logic of this argument is seen from the situation in other cities with well developed metro networks like London and Paris, where buses still cater to a much larger number of passenger trips than metro.

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The reason is that the bus system is more flexible compared to other transportation system. There is, thus, a need to strengthen the bus-based system. In Delhi, buses are generally considered unreliable and time consuming, to reach the destination. Thus, there is need to develop a system

Public spaces

Public spaces include 1.Parks 2.Markets 3.Monuments 4.Place of worhip 5.And any other recreational space 

Landscape It includes:  Plantation  Signages  Roundabouts  Street furniture  Parks, etc 

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Case study K.G.Marg, New Delhi 

Kasturba Gandhi Marg, earlier known as Curzon Road, is one of the main access roads to Connaught Place. The road was renamed postindependence after the name of Kasturba Gandhi, freedom fighter and wife of Mahatma Gandhi. Starting from Hyderabad House, the road takes one to the outer circle of Connaught Place. The road is dotted with high-raise buildings and shaded by rows of trees. Baroda House (the headquarters of Indian Railways), Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, British Council Library, Travancore House, Hindustan Times Building, American Center are some of the important landmarks on this road. The famous Parikrama - the Revolving Restaurant is also located on this road. Himalaya House is the oldest building

Kg marg

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Low and high rise buildings both are there. Same character of buildings between two circles. Less traffic Street have trees on both sides Nearby indiagate and the baroda house acting as the tourist spots Landscape includes roundabouts, signages and plantation Paved walkway Both modern and colonial architecture is used in the buildings

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