8 - Blood Banking and Serology

August 2, 2013

PH 156 – Blood Banking and Serology (Part 1)

Elysse, Janel, Angel, Jester

Prof. Teresita de Guzman OUTLINE I. Definition of Terms II. History III. Rules of Donation IV. Apheresis/Blood Components V. Blood Compatibility Testing: Blood Typing and Crossmatching VI. Blood Processing, Preservation, and Storage VII. Transfusion Reaction/Risks VIII. Immunohematology ** She didn’t strictly follow the outline kasi may part 2 pa raw

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DEFINITION OF TERMS Blood banking o also known as transfusion medicine o The process of collecting (donation), testing, processing, and storing blood for later use (transfusion) o A cornerstone of emergency and surgical medicine o Dependent on the clinical lab for ensuring the safe use of blood and its components HISTORY 1667 – Jean-Baptiste Denis (France) o Direct human blood transfusion o Using human blood to treat disease and trauma 40 years later – William Harvey o discovered the circulatory system 1900s – Richard Lewisohn o Discovered that when sodium citrate is added to freshly drawn blood, it will not clot/coagulate 1937 o First true blood bank was opened by Chicago’s Cook County Hospital 1947 - American Association of Blood Banks (AABB) o Organized to support and encourage continued blood research o Promote exchange of information o Develop standards of practice for blood banks. 1948 – American National Red Cross o Operating a full scale blood program to collect and distribute blood to patients in need 1953 o Plastic blood bag was introduced by Fenwal Co. o Blood bags were approved by FDA in 1963  Before, blood bottles were used but they were prone to breakage  Blood bag use in the Philippines started in the 1970s to 1980s Dr. Charles Drew o Pioneer in plasma preservation and a major contributor to the advancement of blood banking in the US o Helped supply thousands of units of plasma for WW2 victims BLOOD DONATION RULES Whole blood is collected from healthy donors who are required to meet strict criteria:

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Medical history Physical Health Possible contact with transfusion-transmissible infectious diseases including:  History of sexual behaviour  Drug use  Travel to areas with endemic diseases (e.g. Malaria in Palawan) A photo ID is required for all donors Potential donor must: o Be in good health and feeling well on the day of donation o Be on no prescribed medication that would cause the donor problems when donating or those that would affect the recipient o Have a haemoglobin level which meets the established USFDA standard o Wait 56 days before giving another donation of whole blood Donors must meet these criteria to ensure their safety and also the security of the recipients Rules of eligibility have been established by the USFDA, but some banks may have different criteria Donors must be: o 17 years old  although some states permit younger people to donate if they have parental consent o In good health o Weigh at least 110 pounds  if