7.Extra Low Voltage System.pdf

Induction Course for new M&E Engineers 21, 28 March & 4, 11 April 2015

Extra Low Voltage System

Mr. Wong Shin Neng Electrical Engineer SM Consulting Engineers Sdn Bhd

EXTRA LOW VOLTAGE SYSTEM (ELVS) • TELECOMMUNICATIONS • SMATV • CCTV SYSTEM • SECURITY AND CARD ACCESS SYSTEM • BUILDING AUTOMATION SYSTEM (BAS)

EXTRA LOW VOLTAGE SYSTEM (ELVS) • TELECOMMUNICATIONS • SMATV • CCTV SYSTEM • SECURITY SYSTEM • BUILDING AUTOMATION SYSTEM (BAS)

Telecommunication SystemOverview • POTS (Plain Old Telephone System) • Internet, Ethernet • Voice Over Internet Protocol (VOIP) • Gigabit Passive Optical Network (GPON) – FTTO, FTTH

Telecommunication SystemOverview • Gigabit Passive Optical Network (GPON) – FTTO, FTTH • ONU – Optical Network Unit. An optical network unit (ONU) is a device that transforms incoming optical signals into electronics at a customer's premises in order to provide telecommunications services over an optical fiber network •

RG – residential gateway.

In telecommunications networking, a residential gateway allows the connection of a local area network (LAN) to a wide area network (WAN). The WAN can be a larger computer network (such as a municipal WAN that provides connectivity to the residences within the municipality), or the Internet. WAN connectivity may be provided through DSL, cable modem, a broadband mobile phone network, or other connections. •

ATA – Analog Telephone Adapter

An analog telephony adapter or analog telephone adapter (ATA) is a device used to connect one or more standard analog telephones to a digital telephone system (such as Voice over IP) or a non-standard telephone system.

Technical Standards:

• Malaysian Technical Standards Forum Bhd: • MTSFB 008:2005 (rev 1) - Technical Standards and Infrastructure Requirements – Part 1:Fixed Network Infrastructure • Guideline On the Provision of Basic Civil Works for Communication Infrastructure In The New Development Areas • MTSFB 002:2009 – Technical standard for in-building fibre cabling for fibre-to-the-premise Note: These standards are stated in “Surat Perakuan” submission to Suruhanjaya Komunikasi Dan Multimedia (SKMM) during DO stage

Telecommunication SystemManholes Manhole Type Size: L x W x H (mm)

No. of Ductway

JB30

950 x 625 x 450

2-way

JRC7

1280 x 975 x 800

2-way

JC9

1570 x 660 x 1070

4-way

JC9C

1820 x 970 x 1440

4-way

R1B

1820 x 1220 x 1970

6-way

R2A

3050 x 1220 x 1820

12-way

Telecommunication System – Cable Specifications Cable Type

Bandwidth

Cat 3 (ISO/IEC 11801 Class C TIA/EIA 568 B) Cat 5e (ISO/IEC 11801 Class D TIA/EIA 568 B) Cat 6 (ISO/IEC 11801 Class E TIA/EIA 568 B) Fiber Optic (Multi mode OM2/OM3 & Single Mode)

16 MHz

Application Limit

Remarks

For voice telephony & ADSL in building or inter building

> 100 Mhz

For Ethernet transmission up to 1GBps

For distance up to 100m

>250 Mhz

For Ethernet transmission up to 10Gbps

For distance up to 100m

For data transmission >10Gbps

For distance beyond 100m

>200 MHz / km Depends on light source

Recommended Building Infrastructure Design

taken from MTSFB 008:2005

Fibre cable to FTB is by NFP

Riser Cable

By NFP

•

ONU – Optical Network Unit.

An optical network unit (ONU) is a device that transforms incoming optical signals into electronics at a customer's premises in order to provide telecommunications services over an optical fiber network •

RG – residential gateway.

In telecommunications networking, a residential gateway allows the connection of a local area network (LAN) to a wide area network (WAN). The WAN can be a larger computer network (such as a municipal WAN that provides connectivity to the residences within the municipality), or the Internet. WAN connectivity may be provided through DSL, cable modem, a broadband mobile phone network, or other connections. •

ATA – Analog Telephone Adapter

An analog telephony adapter or analog telephone adapter (ATA) is a device used to connect one or more standard analog telephones to a digital telephone system (such as Voice over IP) or a non-standard telephone system.

By NFP

Telecommunication System– Outlets Telephone point - RJ11

Ethernet Point - RJ45

Fibre Wall Socket (FWS)

Telecommunication System

TM Certificate

Design consideration • Remember to provide telecommunication point for Fire Command Centre (FCC) for Bomba CMS • Specify single-mode fibre and not multi-mode.

EXTRA LOW VOLTAGE SYSTEM (ELVS) • TELECOMMUNICATIONS • SMATV • CCTV SYSTEM • SECURITY SYSTEM • BUILDING AUTOMATION SYSTEM (BAS)

SMATV SYSTEM - THEORY TERRESTRIAL BANDS 0 47 68 88

VHF

108

176

FM

TV Channels Band I Band II

FM Antenna

230

VHF 5

862 MHz

UHF 12 21

Band III

VHF Antenna

470

38

69

Band IV Band V

UHF Antenna

VHF 47-68Mhz (Band I) was never used in the industry. TV Channels (5 – 69) is based on international standard definition Refer to http://www.asiawaves.net/ for channel frequencies for tuning according to location.

Screenshot from http://www.asiawaves.net/

Refer to http://www.asiawaves.net/ for channel frequencies for tuning according to location.

SMATV SYSTEM - THEORY TERESTRIAL RECEPTION

Ghost image – when you receive transmission from two stations at the same frequency range. In order to filter out the ghost image, the amplifier need to filter out the ghost frequency.

SMATV SYSTEM - THEORY VHF

FREQUENCY RANGES

5

VHF

FM

45 87,5 108

176

UHF 230 470

SATELLITE 862 950

2150

MHz

TRANSPOSING

ACTUAL SATELLITE BANDWITH 10 700

Take note that in Malaysia, Astro satellite is facing north for reception

12 700

MHz

SMATV SYSTEM - THEORY MIXING OF SIGNALS FM

DIPLEXING AT OUTLET SAT

Full band mixer VHF / UHF

FM

VHF

UHF TV/SAT mixer

A diplexer is a passive device that implements frequency domain multiplexing. The diplexer, being a passive device, is reciprocal: the device itself doesn't have a notion of input or output.

SMATV SYSTEM - THEORY OUTLET LEVEL FOR A GOOD SIGNAL • VHF (47MHz to 68MHz)

min: 57,5dBμV max:74dBμV

• FM (87.5MHz to 108MHz)

min: 50 dBμV max:66dBμV

• UHF / VHF (176 MHz to 862MHz)

min: 57 dBμV max:74dBμV

• SAT (950MHz to 2050MHz)

min: 47dBμV max:77dBμV

Target to achieve 60 dBμV for design purposes

SMATV SYSTEM - THEORY SMATV SIGNAL STRENGTH • The strength of the SMATV (VHF, UHF and SAT) is expressed in dBuV • Amplifiers increase the signal value : GAIN • Passive equipments (cables, splitters, connectors) decrease the signal value : INSERTION LOSS • The objective is to have , for every outlet, an output level between 57 and 74 dBuV (For UHF/VHF)

100

75

Reception Level

Outlet Level 50

25

SMATV SYSTEM - DESIGN SATELLITE RECEPTION • SATTELITE DISHES • 60 CM / 90 CM / 120 CM … • Steel – Aluminium - Composite • LNB • Single • Quattro • Fibre

SMATV SYSTEM - DESIGN TAPS

• Passive distribution equipment • Limited THROUGH LOSS (2 to 5 dB) • Adjusted TAP LOSSES from 10 to 20 dB • Available for SAT and/or Terrestrial signals 100 dBuV

Through Loss 2 to 5 dB 20 dB

Tap Loss 10 to 20 dB

- 5dB

- 2 dB

- 1dB

- 5dB

- 4dB

16 dB

- 1dB

- 5dB

- 3 dB

67 dBuV - 5dB

- 4dB 13 dB

- 1dB

- 5dB

- 5 dB

67 dBuV - 5dB

- 4dB 12 dB

65 dBuV

- 1dB

- 5dB

63 dBuV - 4dB

- 5dB

SMATV SYSTEM - DESIGN SPLITTERS • Passive distribution equipment • « Split the signal in 2 to 8 signals of equal value

Insertion Losses of Splitters Bandwidth MHz

Number of outputs 2

3

4

6

8

5 - 1000

4.0

6.0

8.5

10.0

11.5

1000 - 1700

4.5

7.0

9.0

12.0

12.5

1700- 2400

5.5

8.5

10.5

14.0

15.0

SMATV SYSTEM - DESIGN INNER CONDUCTOR : BARE COPPER COVERED STEEL 1,01 mm ± 0,02

OUTER JACKET : WHITE PVC – RAL 1013 SHIELD 2 : ALUMINIUM BRAID 60%

RG6

SHIELD 1 : BONDED ALUMINIUM FOIL – POLYESTER – ALUMINIUM FOIL

INNER CONDUCTOR : BARE COPPER COVERED STEEL 1,62 mm ±0,02

OUTER JACKET : WHITE PVC – RAL 1013 Ø 10,16mm ±0,4 SHIELD 1 :

ALUMINIUM BRAID 60%

RG11

DIELECTRIC : FOAM POLYETHYLENE Ø 4,57 mm ± 0,2

SHIELD 2 : BONDED ALUMINIUM FOIL – POLYESTER – ALUMINIUM FOIL

DIELECTRIC : FOAM POLYETHYLENE Ø 7,11 mm ± 0,2

SMATV SYSTEM - DESIGN COAXIAL CABLES : Main parameters

• IMPEDANCE : 75 OHMS Insertion Loss for 100 m

800 MHz

1000 MHz

2200 MHz

RG6

17 dB

20 dB

30 dB

RG11

11 dB

13 dB

18 dB

• SCREEN EFFICIENCY • Level of protection offered by the screen (foil + braid) against external interferences • The higher the frequencies the more important is this parameter • Example : > 75 dB for Axitronic PVCRG6B & XR11A

SMATV SYSTEM - DESIGN CABLE BENDING RADIUS • Minimum bending radius of 10 X the cable diameter • 68 mm for RG6 • 105 mm for RG11

• Sharp bending radius will damage the cable dielectric and cause impedance disruptions which can deteriorate image quality

68 mm

SMATV SYSTEM - DESIGN OUTLETS Insertion Loss TAP LOSS THROUGH LOSS

87.5 - 862 MHz

960 - 2050 MHz

5.0 dB

5.0 dB

3.5 / 4.0 dB

4.5 / 6.0 dB

Insulation between outputs: 25 dB Satellite output F-Connector

UHF/VHF output IEC 9.52 F -Connector FM output IEC 9.52 M-Connector

Through Loss

SMATV SYSTEM - DESIGN SATELLITE SIGNAL DISTRIBUTION WITH MULTISWITCHES

SATELLITE 4 HEAD AMPLIFIERS

15 m

SIMPLE CASE STUDY #1 • 10 storey residential building : 40 m high • 6 apartments per storey • 2 outlets per apartment • Terrestrial programs • ASTRO • Reception signal : 70 dB

40 m

30 m

20 m 7 m 30 m

SMATV System - Conventional

SMATV System - Conventional

SMATV System - Conventional

SMATV HD – COAX BACKBONE CABLE DESIGN

SMATV HD – COAX BACKBONE CABLE DESIGN

SMATV HD – COAX BACKBONE CABLE DESIGN DO NOT LOOP THE OUTLET POINT

MULTISWITCHERS ARE CASCADED

SMATV HD – FIBER OPTIC BACKBONE CABLE DESIGN

SMATV HD – FIBER OPTIC BACKBONE CABLE DESIGN

FIBER OPTIC CABLE WITH 4-WAY OPTICAL SPLITTER

SMATV HD – FIBER OPTIC BACKBONE CABLE DESIGN

FIBER OPTIC CONVERTER – CONVERT OPTICAL SIGNAL TO ELECTRICAL SIGNAL

EXTRA LOW VOLTAGE SYSTEM (ELVS) • TELECOMMUNICATIONS • SMATV • CCTV SYSTEM • SECURITY SYSTEM • BUILDING AUTOMATION SYSTEM (BAS)

CCTV Surveillance System • TYPES OF CCTV CAMERAS: 1. DOME, - Lift lobbies, lift car, indoor space 2. CCD / BOX – car parks, staircase, outdoor space 3. PTZ – suitable big public areas (e.g. main office lobby, hotel main lobby, auditoriums). allows security personnel to rotate and zoom.

CCTV Surveillance System Camera lens

CCTV camera lens will affect the field of view (FoV) - Extend of area captured by the camera

• Fixed lens – fixed focal point • Vari-focal lens – allows users to adjust focal points In most installations, dome cameras are usually installed with fixed lens. However, vari-focal lens are optional accessories and shall be considered depending on application.

Fixed box cameras are usually installed with vari-focal lens. This allows users to select the FoV.

CCTV Surveillance System – Resolution • CCTV Resolution – Pixel Count

In present time, most installations uses 1MP resolution as higher resolution require higher cost and increase data usage.

CCTV Surveillance System – Resolution • CCTV Resolution – Pixel Count • Here’s 4 samples ranging from 35 to 2120 pixels covering the same area:

• Clearly, the more the pixels, the more fine details that can be captured

CCTV Surveillance System – Frame rate • People are used to watching TV at about 30 frames per second, often called 'full' frame rate. • Integrators choose low frame rate (