7 Prospección de Agua Subterranea

 

XDE@ SMM ^\A_^DOOMAF BMH\AIDAKAIMO@  @elmdftds Bmhraidakÿimoas. Bmhraidakÿimoas. Xmpas hd dstuhmas hd dxpkar`omÿf. dxpkar`omÿf. Eítahas. ^raspdoomÿf Idadkíotrmo`. _afhda Dkíotrmoa Sdrtmo`k (_DS). Hmspasmtmvas. ^raodhmemdftas hd O`epa d Mftdrprdt`omÿf. @pkmo`omafds df Bmhraidakaiå`. Bmhraidakaiå`.

 @el  @ el mdf t d Bm Bmhr hr ai dakÿ da kÿ i mo a _d dftmdfhd par dxpkar`omÿf a praspdoomÿf hd `iu` sultdrràfd`s `k oafgufta hd apdr`omafds a tr`l`gas qud pdremtdf k` kao`kmz`omÿf hd `ouåcdras hd kas qud sd prdtdfhd altdfdr `iu` df o`ftmh`h y o`kmh`h `hdou`h` p`r` uf cmf hdtdremf`ha (Oustahma & Kk`e`s, 0==3). Df kas `pravdob`emdftas hd `iu`s supdrcmom`kds k`s dt`p`s hd mfvdstmi`omÿf, dstuhma prdvma, `ftdpraydota y praydota, oafstruoomÿf y dxpkat`omÿf, sudkdf sdr suodsmv`s y dstàf, par ka idfdr`k, ok`r`edftd sdp`r`h`s (Oustahma & Kk`e`s, 0==3). Df o`elma, k` dxpkar`omÿf hd kas rdoursas sultdrràfdas pao`s vdods ds `odpt`lkdedftd oaepkdt` b`st` qud fa sd alsdrv` k` rd`oomÿf hdk rdsdrvarma hur`ftd uf omdrta tmdepa `ftd uf` dxpkat`omÿf oaftrak`h`. oaftrak`h`. Oaea fare` idfdr`k k` dxpkar`omÿf hd `iu`s sultdrràfd`s sudkd sdr eàs oaepkdg` y eàs oastas` qud p`r` dk dstuhma hd `iu`s supdrcmom`kds: df o`elma, k`s mfvdrsmafds fdods`rm`s p`r` su dxpkat`omÿf sudkdf sdr euoba eàs rdhuomh`s.  @k dcdotu`r dk dstuhma bmhraidakÿimoa bmhraidakÿimoa hd uf` rdimÿf, sd dfoudftr` uf o`epa euy `epkma hd mfvdstmi`omÿf, y` qud k` Bmhraidakaiå` utmkmz` uf` ir`f o`ftmh`h hd mfcare`omÿf pravdfmdftd hd atr`s hmsompkmf`s. ^ar `l`ro`r uf dspdotra t`f `epkma hd dspdom`kmh`hds, k` e`yarå` hd kas h`tas qud sd mftdir`f p`r` kkdi`r ` oaeprdfhdr kas praodsas mfvakuor`has df k` omrouk`omÿf båhrmo` sultdrràfd`, saf mfsucmomdftds y hmcåomk hd v`kar`r, y` qud b`f smha altdfmhas df care` fa pk`fmcmo`h` a lmdf fa armdft`h` ` k` dv`ku`omÿf bmhraidakÿimo`. Dsta ds dspdom`kedftd vàkmha p`r` k` mfcare`omÿf hd sulsudka pravdfmdftd hd kas kdi`gas hd pdrcar`omafds, pdra t`elmíf rdspdota ` k`s sdrmds hd edhmomafds okmeàtmo`s y hd `caras hd oursas supdrcmom`kds. Ds mepasmlkd, df k` e`yar p`rtd hd kas o`sas, lrmfh`r uf oafaomemdfta `o`l`ha hd k`s o`r`otdråstmo`s y praodsas bmhraidakÿimoas, y ds fdods`rma uf dstuhma pdre`fdftd hd kas rdoursas båhrmoas, t`fta supdrcmom`kds oaea sultdrràfdas. Kas dstuhmas bmhraidakÿimoas saf hd o`ràotdr mtdr`tmva, dspdom`kedftd hdlmha ` has r`zafds7  

Dk algdta hd dstuhma (dk `iu` sultdrràfd`) sultdrràfd`) o`elm` euy ràpmh`edftd oaf dk tmdepa, df cufomÿf hd o`elmas okmeàtmoas rdomdftds a `otu`kds y salrd taha par k` utmkmz`omÿf mftdfsmv` hdk `iu` sultdrràfd` y par k`s eahmcmo`omafds df su qumemsea, mftrahuomh`s par k` `oomÿf `ftrÿpmo`.

   @ edhmh` qud sd pdrcar`f eàs pazas sd altmdfd mfcare`omÿf oaepkdedft`rm` oaepkdedft`rm` qud pdremtd

`gust`r a eahmcmo`r k`s bmpÿtdsms hd tr`l`ga t r`l`ga y kas eahdkas oafodptu`kds.

Tf `elmdftd bmhraidakÿimoa ds uf eahdka oafodptu`k hd kas p`ràedtras earcakÿimoas, idakÿimoas y okmeàtmoas qud hdtdremf`f kas `trmlutas prmfomp`kds hd uf ríimedf hdk `iu` sultdrràfd` df uf àrd` hdtdremf`h` (Xÿtb, 0=9>). Kas sdms `trmlutas a p`ràedtras prmfomp`kds qud hdcmfdf uf ríimedf hdk `iu` sultdrràfd` saf7

 

 

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Tfmvdrsmh`h F`omaf`k hd _`kt` Dsoudk` hd Idakaiå` Oàtdhr` hd Bmhraidakaiå`

dk oaftdfmha hd `iu` hd k`s rao`s, k` idaedtrå` hdk smstde` hd ckuga, k` hdso`ri` dspdoåcmo`, k` oaepasmomÿf quåemo` hdk `iu`, k` tdepdr`tur` y, k` v`rm`omÿf v`rm`omÿf tdepar`k hd tahas tahas kas kas `ftdrmards. `ftdrmards.

Kas hd uf ríimedf hdk `iu` sultdrràfd` dstàf oaftrak`has trds oaepafdftds hdk p`ràedtras `elmdftd bmhraidakÿimoa7 idaearcakaiå` - tapair`cå`, idakaiå` par y okme`. Dst`s trds oaepafdftds dstàf oafcare`h`s ` su vdz par v`rmas p`ràedtras7 p`r` k` tapair`cå`7 dk t`e`ða y care` hd kas rdkmdvds tapairàcmoas y k` armdft`omÿf y crdoudfom` hd kas rdkmdvds idakÿimoas: p`r` k` idakaiå`7 dk oaftdfmha df e`tdrm`k sakulkd, k` oafcmiur`omÿf hd bdtdraidfdmh`hds (dstr`tmcmo`omÿf, kdftmouk`rmh`h, kdftmouk`rmh`h, c`kk`ha, cr`otur`omÿf, j`rstmcmo`omÿf y ir`ha hd `fmsatrapå`): y p`r` dk okme`7 k` tdepdr`tur` y dk v`kar, tmpa y v`rm`omÿf dst`omaf`k hd k` prdompmt`omÿf y k` dv`patr`fspmr`omÿf dv`patr`fspmr` omÿf patdfom`k. Dk dcdota oaftrak`har hdk `elmdftd bmhraidakÿimoa salrd dk ríimedf hdk `iu` sultdrràfd` sd e`fmcmdst` ok`r`edftd ou`fha sd oafsmhdr`f kas p`pdkds hd kas oaepafdftds mfhmvmhu`kedftd. Kas c`otards okmeàtmoas hdtdremf`f k` e`ifmtuh y k` hmstrmluomÿf dsp`om`k hdk `iu` suemfmstr`h` ` o`h` rdimÿf. K` tapair`cå` hdtdremf` k` o`ftmh`h hd dfdriå` y su hmstrmluomÿf zaf`k hd qud hmspafd dk `iu` p`r` su eavmemdfta df uf` oudfo` hdtdremf`h` y oafcare` kas oaftarfas hdk smstde` hd ckuga. Cmf`kedftd, k` idakaiå` praparomaf` k`s zaf`s df k`s qud pudhd omrouk`r dk `iu`, oaftrak`fha k`s e`ifmtuhds dk dsqude` hdk ckuga, `så oaea dk hd vakuedf y k` hmstrmluomÿf hdk `iu` `ke`odf`h`. K` idakaiå` yt`elmíf hdtdremf` k` bmhraquåemo` k`s `iu`s. Kas hmvdrsas p`ràedtras `elmdft`kds sd pudhdf oaelmf`r df uf f÷edra pràotmo`edftd mkmemt`ha hd eahas, o`h` ufa hd kas ou`kds eahmcmo` ufa hd kas cdfÿedfas a praodsas làsmoas hd uf` e`fdr` hmstmft`. Tf `elmdftd bmhraidakÿimoa pudhd hdcmfmrsd oaea dk rdsukt`ha hd k` mftdr`oomÿf hd oaepafdftds lmakÿimoas, idakÿimoas, idaearcakÿimoas y okmeàtmoas qud oafhmomaf`f v`rm`lkds cmsmoa-quåemo`s qud mftdrdk`oomaf`f mftdrdk`oomaf`f dftrd så df uf` care` o`r`otdråstmo` o`r`otdråstmo` ka qud atari` ` uf` hdtdremf`h` rdimÿf uf oaepart`emdfta bmhraidakÿimoa bmhraidakÿimoa p`rtmouk`r.

K`s ^ravmfom`s Bmhraidakÿimo`s Mss`r y ^`ssobmdr (0==>), l`sàfhasd df dk oafodpta hd qud k`s rdimafds oaf smemk`rds sdoudfom`s hd rao`s qud b`f p`s`ha par bmstarm`s idakÿimo`s smemk`rds y ouy`s oafhmomafds okmeàtmo`s saf smemk`rds tdfhrå`f k`s emse`s o`r`otdråstmo`s bmhraidakÿimo`s, hdcmfdf uf` sdrmd hd o`tdiarå`s okme`ta ‟ idakÿimo`s ` k`s qud `smif`f k` o`tdiarå`s hd pravmfom`s bmhraidakÿimo`s7

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^ravmfom`s Bmhraidakÿimo`s Bmhraidakÿimo`s hd Crdftd Eaft`ðasa ^ravmfom`s Bmhraidakÿimo`s Bmhraidakÿimo`s hd @rdf`s @rdf`s y @rdfmso`s @rdfmso`s ^ravmfom`s Bmhraidakÿimo`s Bmhraidakÿimo`s ^kutÿfmo`s Ormst`kmf`s ^ravmfom`s Bmhraidakÿimo`s Bmhraidakÿimo`s Sakoàfmo`s ^ravmfom`s Bmhraidakÿimo`s Bmhraidakÿimo`s J`rstmo`s ^ravmfom`s Bmhraidakÿimo`s Bmhraidakÿimo`s hd O`kmz`s O`kmz`s y Hakaeå`s Hakaeå`s

Hr. \ahakca C. I`roå`

XDE@ SMM

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Tfmvdrsmh`h F`omaf`k hd _`kt` Dsoudk` hd Idakaiå` Oàtdhr` hd Bmhraidakaiå`

Dk S`kkd hd Kdre`, hdshd dk pufta hd vmst` rdimaf`k, b` smha mfokumha df k` pravmfom` bmhraidakÿimo` "S`kkds Mftdreaft`fas hd k` Oarhmkkdr` Armdft`k y _mdrr`s _ul`fhmf`s" (\umz Bumhalra y _asmo, 0=9=) 0=9=) y t`elmíf b` smha ulmo`ha df k` rd rdimÿf imÿf "S`kkds Mftdreaft`fas", Mftdreaft`fas", hd `oudrha ` k` o`r`otdrmz`omÿf bmhraidakÿimo` bmhraidakÿimo` hdk Faradstd @ridftmfa dcdotu`h` par Cudrtds dt `k. (0==>). Hdshd dk pufta hd vmst` hd k` iífdsms hdk `iu` sultdrràfd`, dk v`kkd hd Kdre` pdrtdfdod ` k` pravmfom` bmhraidakÿimo` hd`elmdftds ‛crdftd eaft`ðasa―, y` qud kas `ouåcdras qud o`r`otdrmz`f pravmfom` sd dfoudftr`f df `kuvm`kds eahdrfas ` sul`otu`kds, smtu`has `k pmd hddst` uf rdkmdvd eaft`ðasa y k` supdrcmomd hdk àrd` hd `partd ` k` rdo`ri` ds euoba eàs mepart`ftd qud k` hdk rdsdrvarma y sd dfoudftr` cudr` hd kas kåemtds hdk emsea. Dk v`kkd hd Kdre` pasdd o`r`otdråstmo`s idabmhrakÿimo`s qud pdremtdf su mfvdstmi`omÿf oaea ufmh`h hd dstuhma rdimaf`k. Kas kåemtds hd oudfo`s bmhrakÿimo`s saf hdcmfmhas y k` dckudfom` supdrcmom`k y sultdrràfd` prmfomp`kds dstàf kao`kmz`h`s. _mf del`ria hdftra hd dst` ufmh`h hd dstuhma dxmstd uf` hmvdrsmh`h `elmdft`k euy e`ro`h`, hdlmh` ` k` mftdr`oomÿf hd c`otards okmeàtmoas, idakÿimoas y idaearcakÿimoas, qud b`odf fdods`rm` k` sulhmvmsmÿf df ufmh`hds hd `fàkmsms p`r` pahdr oaeprdfhdr dk cufomaf`emdfta hd kas edo`fmseas hd omrouk`omÿf båhrmo` sultdrràfd`.

Hr. \ahakca C. I`roå`

XDE@ SMM

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Tfmvdrsmh`h F`omaf`k hd _`kt` Dsoudk` hd Idakaiå` Oàtdhr` hd Bmhraidakaiå`

Tfmh`hds hd Dstuhma  @o uåc dras dra s Ds uf` ufmh`h raoas` (oafsakmh`h` a mfoafsakmh`h`, paras`, cr`otur`h` a oaf aqudh`hds prahuota hd k` hmsakuomÿf) qud sd dfoudftr` s`tur`h` oaf `iu` y qud tmdfd k` o`r`otdråstmo` hd `ke`odf`rk` (parasmh`h y oadcmomdftd hd `ke`odf`emdfta) y odhdrk` (pdred`lmkmh`h y tr`fsemsmvmh`h). Tf `ouåcdra pudhd sdr kmlrd, sdemkmlrd, oafcmf`ha a sdemoafcmf`ha. ^udhd prdsdft`r uf` dxtdfsmÿf `rd`k hd ufas paoas hd omdftas hd edtras ou`hr`has ` emkds hd jmkÿedtras ou`hr`has. Dk @ouåcdra a Tfmh`h Làsmo` sd o`r`otdrmz` `hdeàs par k` baeaidfdmh`h hdk edhma cåsmoa hd omrouk`omÿf y prapmdh`hds bmhràukmo`s d bmhraquåemo`s (puhmdfha íst`s v`rm`r t`fta df dk tmdepa oaea df dk dsp`oma). _mstde`s @ouåcdras Tf _mstde` @ouåcdra ds uf` ufmh`h qud oafstmtuyd uf haemfma dsp`om`k kmemt`ha t`fta df supdrcmomd oaea df pracufhmh`h, df dk qud dxmstdf has a eàs `ouåcdras rdk`omaf`has dftrd så. K` bdtdraidfdmh`h hdk edhma cåsmoa hd omrouk`omÿf, hdtdremf` qud dxmst`f hmcdrdfom`s df k`s prapmdh`hds bmhràukmo`s d bmhraquåemo`s. Kas _mstde`s @ouåcdras fa saf dftmh`hds t`xafÿemo`s råimh`s, smfa ufmh`hds hd `fàkmsms. Kas kåemtds hd o`h` smstde`, dstàf sugdtas ` eahmcmo`omafds cutur`s, df cufomÿf ` k` fudv` mfcare`omÿf qud surg` hd k`s pdrcar`omafds qud sd dcdot÷`f df care` mfmftdrruepmh` y ` rmtea ordomdftd (L`uhmfa, 0==3). Oaepkdga @ouåcdra   Tf Oaepkdga @ouåcdra ds uf` ufmh`h qud oafstmtuyd uf haemfma dsp`om`k kmemt`ha t`fta df supdrcmomd oaea df pracufhmh`h, df dk qud dxmstdf has a eàs _mstde`s @ouåcdras qud fa sd dfoudftr`f rdk`omaf`has dftrd så. K` bdtdraidfdmh`h hdk edhma cåsmoa hd omrouk`omÿf, hdtdremf` qud dxmst`f hmcdrdfom`s df k`s prapmdh`hds bmhràukmo`s d bmhraquåemo`s. K` o`r`otdrmz`omÿf hd uf Oaepkdga @ouåcdra, fa sÿka dstà hdcmfmh` par `spdotas dstrmot`edftd bmhraidakÿimoas, smfa t`elmíf par k`s `oomafds qud salrd ík sd b`f `pkmo`ha. Dsta smifmcmo` qud uf oaepkdga `ouåcdra pudhd dst`lkdodrsd oaea t`k df cufomÿf hd k` o`kmh`h hd mfcare`omÿf hmspafmlkd y salrd taha, hd k` edtahakaiå` hd kas tr`l`gas bmhraidakÿimoas bmhraidakÿimoas rd`kmz`has (I`roå`, 0==2).

Hr. \ahakca C. I`roå`

XDE@ SMM

8

 

 

Tfmvdrsmh`h F`omaf`k hd _`kt` Dsoudk` hd Idakaiå` Oàtdhr` hd Bmhraidakaiå`

Xmpas hd Dstuhmas h d D Dxpkar`omÿf xpkar`omÿf Kas tmpas hd dstuhmas v`rå`f hd `oudrha oaf kas algdtmvas pk`ftd`has p`r` k` dxpkar`omÿf. ^ar dgdepka, fa sd pahrà utmkmz`r kas emseas eítahas hd dstuhma p`r` kao`kmz`r uf rdsdrvarma qud sd` o`p`z hd suemfmstr`r `iu` pat`lkd ` uf f÷okda hd 0>>> b`lmt`ftds, qud sm sd tr`t` hd b`odr uf prmedr rdoafaomemdfta hd kas del`ksds sultdrràfdas hd uf` rdimÿf, hd uf` pravmfom` a hd uf p`ås. Hd `oudrha ` ka dxprds`ha sd oaeprdfhd ràpmh`edftd qud fa dxmstd uf` edtahakaiå` dstrmot` p`r` pk`fmcmo`r k` dxpkar`omÿf hd del`ksds sultdrràfdas: smf del`ria y ` fmvdk idfdr`kmz`ha sd pudhdf hmstmfiumr7

`)

Dstuhmas prdkmemf`rds a hd rdoafaomemdfta rdoafaomemdfta

Xmdfdf par algdta k` kao`kmz`omÿf hd kas del`ksds sultdrràfdas eàs mepart`ftds, y uf` prmedr` dstme`omÿf hd sus hmedfsmafds, hd sus p`ràedtras bmhrakÿimoas, hd k` zaf` hd rdo`ri`, oafhuoomÿf y hdso`ri` y hd k` o`kmh`h hd sus `iu`s. ^ar ka idfdr`k, sd smftdtmz`f df ufa a v`rmas e`p`s hd h`tas bmhraidakÿimoas bmhraidakÿimoas ouy` dso`k` sudkd dst`r oaeprdfhmh` dftrd dftrd 07 >.>>> y 07 0>>.>>> sdi÷f kas e`p`s idakÿimoas y tapairàcmoas hmspafmlkds y pasmlmkmh`hds hd tmdepa y hmfdra. Dk àrd` hd dstuhma ds o`sm smdeprd supdrmar ` ufas ou`ftas emkds hd jmkÿedtras ou`hr`has. _d tmdfhd ` kao`kmz`r k`s zaf`s hd e`yar mftdrís y pahdr pk`fd`r `hdou`h`edftd k`s smiumdftds dt`p`s hdk tr`l`ga. l)

Dstuhmas bmhraidakÿimoas bmhraidakÿimoas idfdr`kds

Oafhuodf ` uf` ou`ftmcmo`omÿf eàs `praxme`h` hd kas `ouåcdras kao`kmz`has df k` dt`p` hd rdoafaomemdfta. K` dso`k` hd kas e`p`s sudkdf asomk`r dftrd 07 0>>.>>> y 07 4>.>>>: `hdeàs hd kas e`p`s kmtakÿimoas y dstruotur`kds, sudkdf rd`kmz`rsd e`p`s hd msapmdz`s, hd msÿp`o`s hd `ouåcdras, hd pracufhmh`h hd zaf` s`tur`h`, dto., tahas dfikal`has oaf k` hdfaemf`omÿf hd ‛e`p`s tdeàtmoas idfdr`kds―. Fare`kedftd kas kåemtds hd k` zaf` dstuhm`h` oamfomhdf oaf k`s hd uf` oudfo` bmhrairàcmo` bmhrairàcmo` a kas hd uf` ufmh`h bmhraidakÿimo` bmhraidakÿimo`.. Df dst` dt`p`, smdeprd smdeprd ds fdods`rma rd`kmz`r uf mfvdft`rma hdt`kk`ha hd pazas y cudftds p`r` `l`stdomemdfta hd `iu`, praspdoomÿf idacåsmo`, safhdas edoàfmoas, dfs`yas hd laelda y `fàkmsms quåemoas, ` vdods, `ki÷f paza dxpdrmedft`k. o)

Dstuhmas hd hdt`kkd

Xmdfdf par algdta uf oafaomemdfta hd hdt`kkd hdk `ouåcdra, qud pdremt` rdsakvdr uf` hde`fh` hd `iu` oafordt`, par dgdepka, dk `l`stdomemdfta ` uf f÷okda url`fa a hd uf rdi`håa hd v`rmas odftdf`rds hd bdotàrd`s. Dstas tmpas hd dstuhmas sudkd sdr, t`fta hd dxpkar`omÿf oaea hd dxpkat`omÿf, y df dkkas kas h`tas bmhraidakÿimoas bmhraidakÿimoas y tíofmoas t íofmoas hd k`s o`pt`omafds saf mepart`ftds. K` dso`k` fare`k sudkd asomk`r dftrd 07 >> y 07 0>.>>>. O`sm smdeprd ds fdods`rm` k` mfst`k`omÿf hd pmdzÿedtras y k` rd`kmz`omÿf hd `kiufas pazas hd dxpdrmedft`omÿf. dxpdrmedft`omÿf.

Fmvdkds Fmvdkd s hd Dstuh ma   Tf` praspdoomÿf bmhraidakÿimo` hd uf` hdtdremf`h` àrd` hdld tdfdr df oudft` dk fmvdk hd dstuhma qud sd praydot` rd`kmz`r. Dstas pudhdf sdr kas smiumdftds7 0) Hm`ifÿstmoa, oaf dk `hvdfmemdfta hdk e`ifdtÿedtra hmsormemf`har hd ckuga y dk e`ifdtÿedtra fuokd`r, sd patdfomÿ dk usa hd dstd eítaha par k` e`yar r`pmhdz y oafcm`lmkmh`h df k` `hqumsmomÿf hd h`tas qud k` l`k`fz` hd _obemht. @otu`kedftd sd us`f hdshd `vmafds, ka qud pdremtd uf kdv`ft`emdfta ràpmha hd `epkm`s zaf`s.

Eítahas Ir`vmeítrmoas

Dstuhm` k`s `fae`kå`s hd k` ir`vdh`h df k` supdrcmomd tdrrdstrd, p`r` hdhuomr k` hmstrmluomÿf y f`tur`kdz` hdk sulsudka. Dxmid fuedras`s oarrdoomafds (smtu`omÿf y tapair`cå`) y ds ÷tmk p`r` hdtdremf`r k` dxmstdfom` hd ir`fhds c`kk`s qud pafi`f df oaft`ota rao`s oaf hmcdrdftds hdfsmh`hds y p`r` hdhuomr k` dstruotur` hdk l`s`edfta df dstuhmas rdimaf`kds. K` mftdrprdt`omÿf, ou`ftmt`tmv`, p`rtd smdeprd hd k` prdems` hd uf` oafcmiur`omÿf bmpatítmo` hd k`s e`s`s pdrturl`har`s hdk v`kar rdimaf`k edhma hd ir`vdh`h y k` oaep`r`omÿf hd kas h`tas altdfmhas oaf kas tdÿrmoas supudstas. Eítahas Dkdotrae`ifítmoas

Dstuhm` k` mfckudfom` hdk tdrrdfa salrd uf o`epa dkdotrae`ifítmoa `rtmcmom`k. ^udhdf rd`kmz`rsd dstuhmas euy ràpmhas hdshd `vmafds.

Eítahas _åsemoas

Oaea su faelrd ka mfhmo`, ds uf` hdrmv`omÿf hd kas eítahas mhd`has p`r` dk dstuhma hd tdrrdeatas, p`rtmdfha hd k` l`sd hd qud k`s asomk`omafds såsemo`s dr`f oafsdoudfom` hd k` prap`i`omÿf hd afh`s dkàstmo`s armimf`h`s df dk caoa hdk tdrrdeata. ^astdrmaredftd, sd puha dst`lkdodr qud df uf tdrrdfa hdtdremf`ha, ou`fha sd prahuod uf` kmldr`omÿf lruso` hd dfdriå` (tdrrdeata, dxpkasmÿf, iakpd, dto.) uf` p`rtd hd dkk` sd prap`i` df care` hd vmlr`omafds. Dst`s afh`s `så kmldr`h`s pudhdf `smemk`rsd ` cdfÿedfas asomk`tarmas, ka qud pdremtd hmstmfiumr trds tmpas hd afh`s7 Afh`s kafimtuhmf`kds a hd oaeprdsmÿf, oaeprdsmÿf, Afh`s tr`fsvdrs`kds a hd omz`kk`  omz`kk`  y Afh`s supdrcmom`kds. supdrcmom`kds. Dst`s afh`s sd prap`i`f df tah`s k`s Hr. \ahakca C. I`roå`

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Tfmvdrsmh`h F`omaf`k hd _`kt` Dsoudk` hd Idakaiå` Oàtdhr` hd Bmhraidakaiå`

hmrdoomafds y sucrdf kas emseas cdfÿedfas qud k`s afh`s kuemfas`s a dkdotrae`ifítmo`s: ds hdomr qud taha pufta `ko`fz`ha par k`s afh`s sd oafvmdrtd df uf odftra demsar hd ds` pdrturl`omÿf. @k `ko`fz`r uf crdftd hd afh` uf` supdrcmomd hd sdp`r`omÿf hd has edhmas hmcdrdftds sd armimf`f uf` afh` kafimtuhmf`k rdckdg`h` y atr` rdcr`ot`h`, uf` afh` tr`fsvdrs`k rdckdg`h` y atr` rdcr`ot`h` y par ÷ktmea uf` afh` supdrcmom`k. Dk cdfÿedfa sd oaepkmo` ` ka k`ria hd k` prap`i`omÿf, b`st` oafokumr df uf` vmlr`omÿf euy oaepkdg` hafhd fa ds càomk hmstmfiumr k`s hmcdrdftds oaepafdftds. ^ar dkka, k` praspdoomÿf idacåsmo` utmkmz` k`s afh`s kafimtuhmf`kds df taha suhd rdoarrmha, qud par sdr k`s eàs ràpmh`s y `lufh`ftds, saf k`s qud prmedra `ko`fz`f kas puftas alsdrv`omÿf. _m sd alsdrv` k`s prmedr`s kkdi`h`s a crdftds hd afh`s, qud sdràf kafimtuhmf`kds df taha su rdoarrmha, k`s eàs ràpmh`s hd tah`s k`s dfidfhr`h`s df dk armidf hd k` pdrturl`omÿf a df sus tr`fscare`omafds par rdcr`oomÿf y rdckdxmÿf sd tmdfd has eítahas7 _åsemo` hd \dcr`oomÿf  \dcr`oomÿf  y _åsemo` hd \dckdxmÿf. \dckdxmÿf.

Eítahas \`hm`otmvas

Dxmstdf has tmpas prmfomp`kds7 dk prmedra y eàs sdfomkka, emhd k` r`hm`omÿf i`ee` kmi`h` `k tdrrdfa y dk sdiufha, fdutrÿfmoa, emhd k`s r`hm`omafds i`ee` mfhuomh`s par k` mfckudfom` hd uf` cudftd r`hm`otmv` hd fdutrafds, a kas fdutrafds `lsarlmhas par dk tdrrdfa.

Eítahas Xíremoas

Kas rdimstras hd tdepdr`tur` pdremtdf oafaodr k` v`rm`omÿf hd dstd p`ràedtra df pracufhmh`h y saf dspdom`kedftd mfhmo`has p`r` dstuhm`r y oaftrak`r hd care` ràpmh`, praodsas t`kds oaea pdfdtr`omÿf hd `iu` e`rmf` a praodhdftd hd y`omemdftas s`kmfas, oudrpas s`tur`has oaf ckumhas, rao`s df praodsa hd dfcrm`emdfta, y ou`kqumdr atra tmpa hafhd sd prahuzo` uf` rd`oomÿf dxatíremo` a dfhatíremo`. dfhatíremo`.

Eítahas Dkíotrmoas

`)

Oarrmdftds Xdk÷rmo`s7 Df k` supdrcmomd tdrrdstrd sd alsdrv`f oarrmdftds dkíotrmo`s hd hílmk mftdfsmh`h, armimf`h`s par cdfÿedfas `÷f fa lmdf hdtdremf`has. S`rå`f oafst`ftdedftd y dstàf mfckudfom`h`s dftrd atr`s o`us`s, par k` pasmomÿf hdk sak. K` edhmh` smeuktàfd` hd kas patdfom`kds df v`rmas puftas hd k` supdrcmomd pdremtd hdhuomr k` rdsmstmvmh`h hdk tdrrdfa y k` hmstrmluomÿf idfdr`k hdk sulsudka.

l)

^atdfom`k Dspaftàfda7 Df dk sudka y sulsudka dxmstdf hmcdrdfom`s hd patdfom`k hd armidf f`tur`k. K` axmh`omÿf hd kas emfdr`kds oafhuotards hd k` dkdotrmomh`h ds oaep`r`lkd ` uf` pmk` dkíotrmo`, oaf dk paka pasmtmva df k` zaf` prÿxme` ` k` supdrcmomd. Has tdrrdfas hmstmftas df oaft`ota, oaf prdsdfom` hd `iu` u atra ckumha idfdr`f hdsdqumkmlrmas mÿfmoas oaf patdfom`kds dkíotrmoas df dk oaft`ota: k` prapm` omrouk`omÿf hdk ckumha mepkmo` uf tr`fspartd mÿfmoa y patdfom`kds dkíotrmoas, `k miu`k qud ou`fha uf` sakuomÿf dkdotrakåtmo` `tr`vmds` uf` edelr`f` paras`. Df dk o`sa hd emfdr`kds oafhuotards sd b`f hdtdot`ha hmcdrdfom`s hd patdfom`k supdrmards ` 0,4 vaktmas, oaf ir`hmdftds hd 0 ` 3.0> -?  vaktmas/edtra.

Hr. \ahakca C. I`roå`

XDE@ SMM

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Tfmvdrsmh`h F`omaf`k hd _`kt` Dsoudk` hd Idakaiå` Oàtdhr` hd Bmhraidakaiå`

o)

Kåfd`s Dqumpatdfom`kds Dqumpatdfom`kds a ^atdfom`k Mfhuomha7 Dstd eítaha, ` hmcdrdfom` hdk `ftdrmar, ord` uf patdfom`k mfhuomha df dk tdrrdfa ` tr`vís hd uf dkdotraha. Dk o`epa dkíotrmoa `så idfdr`ha ds supdrmar `k f`tur`k df uf` `epkm` zaf`, df cufomÿf hdk o`epa ord`ha.

h)

Eítahas \dsmstmvas7 Dstas eítahas utmkmz`f uf p`ràedtra cåsmoa oafaomha oaea rdsmstmvmh`h a rdsmstdfom` dspdoåcmo`. _d rd`kmz`f edhmomafds df supdrcmomd a hdftra hd uf paza fa dftul`ha, qud pdremtdf altdfdr, kas v`kards hd rdsmstmvmh`h `p`rdftd df cufomÿf hdk `rrdika hd k` kåfd` hd demsmÿf. Oaea cudftd hd mfhuoomÿf pudhd depkd`rsd uf omroumta hd oarrmdftd oaftmfu` a oarrmdftd `ktdrf`.

^raspdoom ÿf Id Idadkíotrmo adkíotrmo` ` K` praspdoomÿf idadkíotrmo` ds uf tmpa dspdoåcmoa hd dstuhmas idacåsmoas hafhd sd praspdot` `kiuf` prapmdh`h dkíotrmo` hd k`s rao`s y hd kas ckumhas qud sd dfoudftr`f rdkkdf`fha kas mftdrstmomas par`kds. ^ar su rdk`tmv` smepkmomh`h y l`gas oastas, fare`kedftd, sd depkd`f kas eítahas rdsmstmvas. K` o`r`otdråstmo` cåsmo` qud sd emhd df dk eítaha rdsmstmva, depkd`fha oarrmdftd oaftmfu`, ds k` o`p`omh`h qud pasddf kas tdrrdfas f`tur`kds hd oafhuomr k` oarrmdftd dkíotrmo`. _m df uf tdrrdfa ou`kqumdr` sd mftrahuod uf` oarrmdftd dkíotrmo`, íst` sd prap`i` hd care` t`k qud ds pasmlkd `smif`rkd `k tdrrdfa uf` rdsmstmvmh`h a rdsmstdfom` dspdoåcmo`, uf` o`p`omt`fom` y uf` mfhuot`fom`. _m k` oarrmdftd dkíotrmo` depkd`h` ds oaftmfu`, k` rdsmstmvmh`h ds dk ÷fmoa p`ràedtra qud tmdfd mepart`fom`. _d hdld tdfdr prdsdftd qud saka saf oafhuotards kas e`tdrm`kds edtàkmoas y `kiuf`s hd sus s`kds. ^ar ka t`fta, fare`kedftd, dk sudka y sulsudka sd oaepart`rå`f oaea `msk`ftd a hd rdsmstmvmh`h euy `kt`. Idfdr`kedftd, df k` e`yarå` hd kas tdrrdfas dxmstdf paras y/a cmsur`s qud pudhdf dst`r a fa s`tur`has hd `iu` u atra ckumha. Dk `iu`, par k` prdsdfom` hd s`kds hmsudkt`s, df uf` praparomÿf qud hdpdfhd ` k` vdz hd k` tdepdr`tur`, `ot÷` oaea uf oafhuotar. K` rdsmstmvmh`h hd k`s rao`s hdpdfhdrà, par ka t`fta, hdk vakuedf hd sus paras, hd su hmstrmluomÿf y hd k` rdsmstmvmh`h hdk ckumha qud kas rdkkdf`. _d oaeprdfhd `så par qud fa ds pasmlkd ok`smcmo`r df care` smepkd ` kas tdrrdfas par su rdsmstmvmh`h, y` qud dst` o`r`otdråstmo` dkíotrmo` dstà kmi`h` ` k` parasmh`h, `k oaftdfmha hd `iu` u atra ckumha y ` su rdsmstmvmh`h. 0.

Oafodptas Làsmoas

_m sd mftrahuod uf p`r hd dkdotrahas df k` supdrcmomd pk`f` hd uf ttdrrdfa drrdfa baeaiífda baeaiífda d msÿtrapa y sd b`od omrouk`r uf` oarrmdftd dkíotrmo` oaftmfu` hd mftdfsmh`h (M ( M), sd pudhd rdimstr`r k` o`åh` hd patdfom`k (  S) qud dxmstd, t`elmíf df supdrcmomd, dftrd has puftas hdk tdrrdfa. @ tr`vís hd dst`s edhmh`s y df l`sd ` k` kdy hd Abe, pudhd oafaodrsd k` rdsmstmvmh`h hd kas tdrrdfas mfvakuor`has df dk omroumta.

Hr. \ahakca C. I`roå`

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Tfmvdrsmh`h F`omaf`k hd _`kt` Dsoudk` hd Idakaiå` Oàtdhr` hd Bmhraidakaiå` Emora`epdråedtra

Cudftd hd Oarrmdftd

M Emoravaktåedtra S

@mrd

Dkdotraha hd  F ^atdfom`k

E

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Dkdotraha hd oarrmdftd L

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Dqumpatdfom`kds Kmfd`s hd Oarrmdftd

  Cmiur` 07 Omroumta hd demsmÿf y rdodpomÿf 

Kdy hd Abe K` kdy hd Abe dxprds` qud k` \dsmstdfom` (\ ( \) qud acrdod uf oafhuotar `k ckuga hd uf` oarrmdftd, ds hmrdot`edftd praparomaf`k ` k` hmcdrdfom` hd patdfom`k (  S) dftrd kas dxtrdeas hdk e`tdrm`k d mfvdrs`edftd praparomaf`k praparomaf`k ` k` mftdfsmh`h (M ( M) hdk ckuga hd oarrmdftd.

 \

  ∃S  5  M 

K` ufmh`h hd edhmh` hd k` rdsmstdfom` ds dk Abema, qud surid hd k` smiumdftd hdcmfmomÿf7 Ou`fha par uf oafhuotar sd b`od omrouk`r uf` oarrmdftd hd mftdfsmh`h M 5 0 @epdrma, y k` hmcdrdfom` hd patdfom`k dftrd sus dxtrdeas ds hd 0 Saktma, k` \dsmstdfom` ds hd \ 5 0 Abema (℣)  @ su vdz k` \dsmstdfom` (\) hdk oafhuotar ds hmrdot`edftd praparomaf`k ` k` kafimtuh ( K ) hdk e`tdrm`k oafsmhdr`ha, d mfvdrs`edftd praparomaf`k ` su sdoomÿf (  @), @ ), euktmpkmo`h` par uf` oafst`ftd hd praparomaf`kmh`h, praparomaf`kmh`h, oafaomh` oaea rdsmstmvmh`h S0 M

(\ba).

 

S< @

π

K

Cmiur` > ℣*e, emdftr`s qud dk `iu` e`rmf` pudhd tdfdr >,>? ℣.e. K` smiumdftd t`lk` h` v`kards edhmas hd ir`fhds vak÷edfds hd e`tdrm`kds, fa s`tur`has a s`tur`has oaf `iu` hukod7 E`tdrm`kds \ao`s ormst`kmf`s, åifd`s y edt`eÿrcmo`s \ao`s sdhmedft`rm`s oafsakmh`h`s oaea `rdfmso`s y rao`s edt`eÿrcmo`s oaea dsqumstas y pmz`rr`s. O`kmz`s \ao`s sdhmedft`rm`s fa oafsakmh`h`s

\dsmstmvmh`h df ℣*e > ` 0>.>>> 0>> ` 0.>>>

Ir`v`s @rdf`s Kmeas @romkk`s Emfdr`kds edtàkmoas Bde`tmt`, kmeakmt`, w`kcr`emt` Eakmlhdfmt` O`koapmrmt`, o`komt`, pmrmt`, pmrratmf`, i`kdf` @iu` pat`lkd @iu` sultdrràfd` oaftdfmh` df ir`fmtas @iu` sultdrràfd` oaftdfmh` df sdhmedftas

4>> ` 0>.>>> 4> ` >> 0> ` 4>> 0 ` 0>>

0 ` 0>.>>>

0> ` 0>.>>> >.>0 ` >.4 >.>>>>>0 ` >.>0 0> ` 0>> ` 0>> ` 4>

X`lk`

(Abe.e) 0>>>

0>>>>

_dhmedftas _doas @romkk`s

Kme as

@rdf`s @r

Ir`v`s

@iu` Hukod _dhmedftas _`tur`has oaf @iu` Hukod

@iu` _`k`h` _dhmedftas _`tur`has oaf @iu` _`k`h`

Cmiur` ?7 Oaep`r`omÿf dftrd kas v`kards hd rdsmstmvmh`h hd sdhmedftas sdoas, s`tur`has oaf `iu` hukod y s`tur`has oaf `iu` s`k`h` (Cudrtds, 0=9=).

0.