Practical Manual
PLANT PROTECTION - II
AJI C. S. Vocational Teacher in Agriculture GVHSS, Pallarimangalam, Ernakulam
PLANT PROTECTION-II PRACTICAL MANUAL FOR SECOND YEAR PLANT PROTECTION
Prepared by,
AJI C. S. Vocational Teacher in Agriculture Govt. VHSS, Pallarimangalam, Ernakulam 9446805972,
[email protected]
“ANY SMALL AIM IS A CRIME; YOU SHOULD IMBUE AN INDOMITABLE SPIRIT TO CHASE GREAT AMBITIONS”
- Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam
CONTENTS Sl. No
Name of the Exercise
Page No.
1
Classification of important pests affecting crops
1-2
2
General characters of insect pests
3
Familiarisation with major insect groups and mouthparts
4-8
4
Collection and preservation of insects
9 -11
5
Familiarisation with common insecticidal formulations
6
Preparation of labels for pesticides
7
Calculation and preparation of insecticide solutions for field application
15 - 16
8
Precautions to be followed while handling pesticides
16 - 18
9
Insecticides of plant origin (Botanicals)
18 - 20
10
Familiarisation with important insect bio-control agents
21 - 23
11
Familiarisation with rearing or mass multiplication of a primary predator
23 - 24
12
Familiarisation with rearing or mass multiplication of an egg parasitoid
24 - 25
13
Insect Pests of Rice
26 - 27
14
Insect Pests of Coconut
28
15
Insect Pests of Banana
29
16
Insect Pests of Pepper
30
17
Insect Pest of Arecanut
30 - 31
18
Insect Pests of Mango
31
19
Insect Pests of Cashew
32
20
Insect Pests of Tuber crops
32 - 33
21
Insect Pests of Vegetables
33 - 36
22
Insect Pests of Spices
37
23
Insect Pests of Ornamental Plants
38
24
Familiarisation with non-insect pests of crops
39 - 40
25
Non-insect pests of major crops of Kerala
41 - 42
26
Familiarisation with rodent control methods
42 - 43
27
Pests of stored products
28
Important disease causing organisms and disease symptoms
45 - 46
29
Familiarisation with common fungicides and formulations
47 - 48
3
12 - 13 14
44
Date
30
Calculation and preparation of fungicide solutions for field application
49
31
Preparation and field application of Bordeaux mixture
50
32
Preparation and field application of Bordeaux Paste
51
33
Preparation and field application of Cheshund compound
52
34
Field application of Trichoderma & Psueodomonas
35
Soil Solarization
54
36
Diseases of Rice
55
37
Diseases of Coconut
56
38
Diseases of Banana
57
39
Diseases of Rubber
58
40
Diseases of Cashew
59
41
Diseases of Arecanut
59
42
Diseases of Mango
60
43
Diseases of Pepper
61
44
Diseases of other Spices
62
45
Diseases of Vegetables
63 - 65
46
Disease of Tapioca
65
47
Diseases of Ornamental plants
66
48
Identification and classification of common weeds of Kerala
67 - 68
49
Familiarsation with herbicides and calculations
68 - 69
50
Biological control of weeds
51
Familiarisation with Plant Protection equipments and their maintenance
52
Visit to Agricultural Research Stations
76
53
Visit to Krishibhavan
77
52 - 53
70
Appendix 1. Pest and disease identification chart for vegetables 2. Common botanical Insecticides 3. Model practical question paper
71 - 75
1
Exercise No: 1
CLASSIFICATION OF IMPORTANT PESTS AFFECTING CROPS Aim - To familiarise with different types of pests and classify them in to different groups Materials required - Specimens, charts, CDs etc Procedure - collect and observe various pest affecting agricultural crops and classify them in to different groups. “Pest has been defined as any organism detrimental to man and his property in causing damages significant of economic importance”. 1. Insect pests Insect are tracheate arthropods with distinct head, thorax, and abdomen, single pair of antennae, a pair of compound eyes, three pairs of walking legs confined to the thorax and two pair of wings. • Beetles, weevils • Caterpillars (Moths & Butterflies) • Bugs, Aphids, Whiteflies, Mealy bugs • flies • Grass hoppers, Crickets • Stored grain pests etc. 2. Non-insect pests Considerable losses to the food grains due to the attack of pest takes place every year. Besides the insect pest there are large numbers of non-insect pest attacking crop plants. This includes • Rats • Mites • Nematodes • Slugs & Snails • Birds 3. Diseases Diseased plants are distinguished by changes in their morphological structures or physiological processes which are brought about by unfavourable environment or by parasitic agencies. Different types of pathogens are causing diseases in plants. •
Fungal diseases
•
Bacterial diseases
•
Viral diseases
•
Mycoplasmal / Phytoplasmal diseases
•
Physiological disorders
2
4. Flowering parasites These are parasitic in nature and reduce the yield and vitality of crop plants. • Striga, Orobanchae, Cuscuta, Loranthes 5. Weeds Weed is a plant grown in a place where it is not required. Weed is an unwanted and uncultivated plant, they reduce crop yield and contaminate the produce and act as alternate host of many pests and diseases. • • • • • • •
Dicot weeds Monocot weeds Annuals weeds Perennial weeds Aquatic weeds Upland weeds Others
Classification of pest based on the extent of damage 1. Major Pest - cause a yield loss of more than 10% (>10%) 2. Minor Pest - 5 - 10% yield loss 3. Negligible Pest - a loss of less than 5% of yield (
