7 Philosophies of Education

 

Characteristics of the 7 Philosophies of Education Proponents

7 Philosophies of Education 

William Bagley

Essentialism

Purpose of the Curriculum The main purpose of this  philosophy is to help the learners acquire basic skill set, intelligence and morals for them to become model citizens.

Subjects to be Taught   Reading & Writing

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Progressivism

Perennialism

John Dewey

Robert Hutchins and Mortimer Adler

Existentialism

Jean Paul Sartre  Sartre 

This philosophical school of education aims to develop the learners to become enlightened and intelligent citizens of a democratic society. They encourage the learners to live fully NOW instead of preparing for adult life.

The curriculum for this  philosophical of the education aimsschool to develop learners’ rational and moral  powers and to let them them use their reasoning skills and higher faculties according to their  passions and appetites. appetites. This school of philosophy deals with the development of the learner as a whole person and not just the development of the mind. They do this by helping

Math  Natural Sciences History Foreign Languages Literature

  Skills in Gathering and

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Evaluating Information

  Problem Solving Skills  

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 Natural Sciencesand Social

  Humanities

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General Education    Principles of Natural

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Science Philosophy Language History Conceptual Thinking Humanities  Vocational Education  History  Fine Arts  Drama 

Teaching Strategies and Approaches Teachers who follow the essentialist way of teaching focuses mainly on the mastery of subject matter and basic skills through the use of  prescribed textbooks, drill method and the lecture method. Teachers following this  philosophy of teaching use experimental methods in teaching that encourage the learners to gain knowledge from actual experience. Teachers in this school of educational philosophy also use the “hands-on-minds-on-hearts“hands-on-minds-on-heartson” teaching on” teaching methodology to let the students interact with nature and society. The perennialist way of teaching is centered teacher. They utiliseon thethe Socratic method of teaching and mutual inquiry sessions.

The teaching-learning process in an existentialist classroom is self-paced and self-directed. It encourages an open and honest individual relationship between

 

Behaviourism

Ivan Pavlov, Edward Thorndike, John Watson and Burrhus Frederic Skinner

Linguistic Philosophy 

Constructivism

JurgenHabermas and Hans Georg Gadamer

Jean Piaget and Lev Vygotsky

the students understand and appreciate themselves as unique individuals who accept complete responsibility for their thoughts, feelings and actions  The main purpose of the  behaviourist curriculum is to develop a favourable learning environment for the learners to develop desirable behaviour in the society. Linguistic educational  philosophy works toward the development of the learners’ communication skills from them to be able to express themselves and their ideas. This philosophy of education aims to develop learners to  become independent and inherently motivated so that they can construct new ideas with the help of proper learning skills.

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Creative Expression  Literature    Philosophy 

the learner and the teacher. The teachers use the values clarification strategy. 

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Psychology of Human

Teachers under this school of

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Behaviour Stimuli-Response Relationship

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Verbal Communication

 philosophy use behaviourist method of teaching in which the teacher control physical variables to get the desired responses from the learners. The experimental method is the most popular teaching strategy used by the teachers under this  philosophy since it is the most effective way of teaching language and communication. A constructivist teacher  provides the learners adequate data and information and encourage them to interact with this data to form their own hypothesis, predict the outcome, investigate, and invent new ideas and to research for further information.

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Communication Paraverbal Communication Foreign Language Knowledge Evaluation and Synthesis Learning Process and Skills Research and Experimentation