63945982-Tricks-of-the-Burglar-Alarm-Trade-PALADIN-PRESS.pdf

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PALADIN PRESS BOULDER, COLORADO

Tricks of the Bwglar by Mike Kessler

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AbrmTrde

Uy Mike Kessler

ISBN G87364-550-2 Printed in the United States of America First published in 1984 by Mentor Publications Published by Paladin Press, a division of Paladin Enterprises, Inc., P.O. Box 1307, Boulder, Colorado 80306, USA. (303) 443-72s0

Direct inquiries and/or orders to the above address.

All rights reserved. Except for use in a review, no portion of this book may be reproduced in any form without the exprcss written permission of the publisher. Neither the author nor the publisher assumes any responsibility for the use or misuse of information contained in this book.

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CONTENTB

THE EASIC AURELAR ALARI'I SYSTEFI THE FROTEtrTIVE SHtrRT

trIRCUIT.

5

trIRCUITS

B

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CLNTROLS

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BELLS&SIRENS TESTINE hIITH A

I"IETER.

20

5EN50R5.

23

THE FLUNEER

SWITCH..

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ST{ITCH.

26

THE 1'IA6NETItr

THE LEAF SWTTCH. r r. THE I{ERtrURY

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TRAPS, THE VIBRATION

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30

35

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37

PROTEtrTINE 6LASS

t....

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DETECTOR.. AREA PRBTECTItrN DEVICES.. THE PROXII,IITY SENSBR.

48

THE PHETOELEtrTRItr

THE SHUNT

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a

LOCH.

59

TRDUBLESHOOTING. IHSTALLATION

62

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NBTEs.

spEcrAL TtrBLS, PARTS & TECHNTtrUES. EGUIPI'IENT COST

REFERENCE... ill

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.

74

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89

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FORET{ORD

Anything worth learning is worth learning well, and learning Eiol6ething well calls fsr some degree of effort, The objective of this book is to minimize that effort by avoiding the use of technical jargon, cryptic diagrarns and references to electrieal theory. However, this doesn't rnclan the information contained in this book will jurnp off the pages and burrow itseif into the casual reader's brain. The "sirnpli{ied" instructions packed with most do-it-yourself burgar alarm lrrts are usllally quite easy to follow, leading one blindly through the haphazard. installation of a mediocrel systern; explaining "how to do itr" r*ithout a word about what one is doingr oF why- As a result there are thousands of so-calteO blrglar alarms in current use, many o{ which can be defeated by the least sophisticated methods-- and aost of which will rnalfunction nithin a {ew months, often leaving the do-it-yourselfe'r with a collection of useless hardware fastened to the nal I s-

Flost burglars can easily recognize an irnproperly installedr simple to defeat, do-it-yourself lrrt burglar alarn jugt by glancing at its components: the o{ten {limsy control box, drooping wire:i, cheap shunt locks and imtrroperly e!p.U_ed window foil with sloppy connections. I'lany of these packaged kits are relatively inexpensive (cheap) n therefore increasingly comnonplace. I'lost contain essentially the lrne type of parts-- with instructions to install thern in essentially the tlnl h,ayr therefore they are relatively easy to recognize and de{eat by a number of simple methods' The most common of these methods is salled ,'jumpering. " This is a technique used effectively by burglars to ',by-pa5s" cheap or improperly instalted alarrn systems. There is a very simple countermea5ure to the jurnpering technique, but it is never explained in 'simplified" instruction manuals, and rarely mentioned in books. In order to apply this countermcrasurEr ctne must understand the jumpering techniQUEr which calls for thorough familiarity nith the nature o{ closed-circuit burgl.r rlrrm systlmr. This book explores closed-circuit ("supervised") wiring in detail, concentrating on the basic principles that govern all closed circuit burglar alarms, ranging from those found in tenement apartments and candy stores to those used in mansions and bank vaults. Once these principles are understood, they may be apptied to any type o{ closedcircuit burglar alarm system. The best way to learn from this book is to read it through fron coveir to cover, passing over any word or s;egment that seerns vgguer Br a bit too technjcal. Very often the answer ttr a question that arises in one section will be found in a {ollowing section, or in the next paragraph. None of the diagrams are scheratic: sBmE are self-explanatory pictorials, while others are simple line drawings. Each drawing is thoroughly supported by accompanying text. It is true that "one picture is worth a thousand words;,, and it's also true that one hands-on experiment is worth ,nore than a thousand pictures: The serious reader is well advised to obtain a sampling of the components described throughout this book and assemble a "bench system" (sn a workbench ffr kitchen tablel, and follow each separate

setrtion B+ the book with an actual experiment. This is precisely the teaching method used in all clagsroom and coFrespondence cgurses on security electronics-- and it works! Every str-rdent of a burglar alarm course is given a control panel, a coil of wire, one each of a variety of sensorsr a power supply and sotnEr mi=cellanecrus parts; and is guided through a nurnber of "bench experiments, " After the course is completedt the same cornponents are used in an actual installation or they remain part of a perrnanent bench system. (To be used in conjunction with the te=ting of new conponents and devices. ) It is recorntnended to readers who intend to install a burglar alarm system to set up a "bench system" first. After becoming thoroughly familiar nith each component and its particular function in the bench systemt stretch out a few yards of wirer apply a foil pattern to a panE! of glass (even a mirror), and practice troubleshooting with a test meter. To most novic€lsr a bench system is like a set of electric trains-with a serious purpose. Security electronics is a fascinating world of ultimate gadgetry, a field that presently o#fers golden opportunities to any competent, motivated individr-ral. Furglar alarms are def initely in, and the prof it potential in this business is impressive. A burglar alarm sjdeJjne can be operated out of a closet, using an ordinary trar. And the initial investment is nominal. For example, one wey to start up is install a system in y61ur gtwn homet then do the same for a friend or neighbor-- at a fair price. The price should at least recover the cost of both sets of components, enabling the purchase of toorEr equipment, thus an inventory is established with practically no cash investrnent. Each subsequent job generates a profit while providing valuable experience. As your proficiency grops, so t*i1l your income. Thousands o{ profitable installation companies have started up in exact-1f-ElFway; many of them are highly sutrcessful today-- and there's plenty of room for more. The techniques and equipment described in this book are not restricted to residential installations, but apply to commercial premises ag well. In factr corntnercial premises are usually easier to nire and offer exceptionally high profits tn the Jeasing installer: In a leasing (installation) arrangementt the initial charge should absorb the cost of equipment; the system remaing the property of the installer, who agrees to provide service and maintenance under contract (payable monthly. l Service contracts ghould not provide for {ree service when danrage or tampering is the cauge of a problem. Leaged burglar alarm service contracts range from 15.OO to 5OO.OO per month, depending g'n the size and sophistication of the individual system.

ldhether the reader intends to install only his (or her) own burglar alarm system or to strike out on a nelw careerr this book is a good place to begin. The next step is to assemble a bench system and get Bome hands-on experience. Each step thereafter will be rewardingi in personal satis{action, and cash savings-- or handsome profits. Vi

THE BASIC BURELAR ALARI.I

the on arto

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A basic burglar alarm system consists o{ three separate segments, the bell cireuit, the control pennl, and the protective circuit. The separate segments are wired togethe'r as shosrn in Fig. l-1. PNOTECTIYE EHCLOSURE

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Foitl comes packed on 1 rb. rolls of 3/8" wide ribbon. A roll contains several hundred feet, which is enough for dozen= of large windows. The most convenient way to work with {oil Fotl Dirprngrr above the working surfatre =itr the ribroll the is to suspend as it is applied. This keeps it downward drawn bon may be prevents tangling. A special dispenser is and out of the rray It is simply a pair of flat discs made for this PurFgl:;e. held in place by a screl{-cln are and roll the that clanp onto tlne digc for hanging the the from extends knsb. A bracket (If is not available the disPenser a nail. a on dispenser g1n heavy string-) or wire a loop hung be nray roll of {oil white varnish is Varnish, Thinner and Brughr t}'dinary (A small can is plenty' ) used as both adhegive and sealerAlso, a can of benzene or a similar thinning agent will be 38

needed, along r*ith a short, wide-mouth jar. An ordinaryr peanut-hutter jar is ideal.) artist's brush is used to apply the varnish. 4.)

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(A snall t clean 3/8" flat-tip

squeegeet A very handy item to use as a squeegee for Rubbermaid smoothing +oil ribbon to a glass surface is a (Bne that's off. dishwashing scraPer, with the handle cut well-) very work goftened won't by hot water been used and matchbook of a shoutder If this itern is not available, the cover may be used. trhalk and l'larking &ridrr An ordinary piece of Tailor't chalk is perfect for marking a (white or yellowl tailor'5 guide-line around the edges of a glasg' Pane. The guide lines align are marked on the ou-tside of the glass and are used to guideThe insi4e. apptied on the the pattern as the foif-s lines are marked by running oner edge of a rigidr 5'quare guide alongside the edges of the window frame while holding the chalk against the opposite edge of the guide. An ideal marking guide is a 2-Lf2" square block of wood for a small window, t]r a 5-1/2,' block {or a large window. In a pincht a deck of playing cards ctr a cigarette box rnay be used. splicing Toolr blhen an applied strip o{ foil is torn ar scratched it is easily repaired by splicingr oF aFplying a patch that overlaps the separated ends. lrlhen a splice or a patch is completed, it is necessary to puncture several holes tnrough the overlapping ends of the patch or splice. A special tool is available for this purposei it is a small, multitoothed disc, mounted like a wheel on a pencil-size handle' This tool looks very much like a miniaturized version of the gadget used to cut a Pizza into sectionsr but instead of a edge the blade has pointed teeth: Instead of cutiutting ting, the wtreet's teeth penetrate the over-lapped sections If this tool is not available .r*ry neatly and efficiently. (No less than a dozen holes any'type of pin may be used. ) overlap. each should be punched through

SPLICINB FOIL

BRUSH

DISPENSER

A short steP-ladder is

TOOL

needed to Provide a comfortable

usuallY 39

hrgrking Fosition through the separate stages of the foiling procedure. I+ the roll of foil cannot be suspended and centered over the working surface, it should be hung either on the belt or on a hook screwed into the edge of the ladder shelf' The Be{ore beginning, fill the wide-mouth jar halfway with thinner' glass mugt be cfeanr and the areas to be fsiled should be wiped with denatured alcohsl. or mineral spirits to reoove any oily film. PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT

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of a finished foil pattern applied to a Above is an illustration room or a pane of glass r*hich might be a picture window in a living pattern the plate glass window in a commercial premises. Note that corright-angle of six, begins at I and. progresses through a seguelnce upper the at pattern is terminated ner bends. In this example the center o{ the window, which does not imPly a gtandard or a rule: A foil pattern rnay be terminated rnynhrru on the window. The determining {actors are appearance and wiring convenienceThe {otlowing page shons a numbered sequence of tha steps involved in applying a {oil pattern to a window pane. In this case the pattern terminates at the upper left edge of the frame. The faintt broken line represents the guide-line marked with tailor's chalkThe first step in the procedure ig applying the adhesivel If the varnish is not fresh, a few drops of thinner should be stirred in to A thin coat is applied along the avoid a thickn gultmy congistency. Ll?" of drY spatre next to the frane guideline, leaving approxirnately will be tails to trhich the {oil block, for attaching a take-aff the guide-line through the coat along connected. Eontinue the varnish there. stop and progression shown in Steps 2 & 3r 40

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I+ the adhesive coat is continued around the entire Fane before beginning to aPply the foil ribbon, by the time the fourth or fi+th sections are foiled the adhesive will have dried out on the remaining While an experienced installer is usually abte to aPPly the sections. xith adhesive coat around the entire pane and folIow it rapidlyshould accurately positioned strips of foil r a beginner straightr After three sections of prog.===ion slowly and carefully. the {ollow the {irgt section adhesive coat aie appliedl wait a {en ninutes until If the ribbon is applied over becomes tacfry, (sticky and almost dry.) freshly laid lwet) adhesive, it will slide around and tend to fall away from the glass' is held by the thumb and A short section of +dil, (see Step l), 6 inch leader dangling from the {orefinger of both hands, with a 4 left hand, This {irst section is aligned urith the guide-linet pressed in place with the thumbs and srnoothed with a fingertip. The cclrner bend is made by simply folding the foil over itself as shonn in the diagran below.

0

Fold the first bend upward as :;een in SteP 2r then fold the second bend and appty the third section, which is the upper, hori=ontal strip seen in Step 5. Pause at this point, dip the squeegee into the thinner to lubricate it, then use it to smooth the foil tightty to the glass. Shake off the brush (which has been standing in the thinner jar to prevent the bristles from hardening) and aPPly a line of adhesive to two rtore sestionE, (4 & U. ) Then follow the same procedure through Steps 6 & 7, but leave another l/2" of glass dry betwcen the edge of the frame and the last line of adhesive applied. hlhen the last strip of foil is applied, tear the ribbon from the roll, leaving another 4 to 6 inch leader hanging loosely as seen in Step 7, The darkened arrcrhrs in Step B point to the tcrminel rndr of the foil pattern. The ends of the ribbon are attached here to a pair of foil take-off blocks42

FOIL TAKE-OFF

BLOCK

A take-off block is a small, plastic platform with a 3./8" recessed channel that acconodates the hanging the foil ribbon. A metal retainer plate (seen in diagraml is fitted into this channel and secured by a

Foil Strip

sloping edges and ends (feaders) of the upper right small screw.

Retalrrer Plate

1 -

The take-off block has an adhesive pad on its underside, by which it {astens to the glass surface. The reason why t/2" sipace:i are left unvarnished at the edge of the {ramE! near the terrninal points of each pattern is to accomodate the take-off blocks. These ll?" spaces should be wiped clean with denatured alcohsl before applying the take-off blocks, or the adhesive might fail.

After the blocks are firmly mounted, apply a +inal dab of varnish at the foot of each blockr squeegee the hanging tails of ribbon right up to the edges of the block, smooth the hanging tails of ribbon into the channel o* the blockt seat the retainer plates and tear off any excess foil. The retainer scrErhrs are used to connect the foil pattern into the protective circuit. To finish the job, apply a liberal (but neat) coat o{ varnish over the foil pattern to geal it, Step q depicts electrical continuity through the conpleted foil pattern. To test the pattern for continuity, apply the probes of a meter to the terminal screws o{ the take-off blocks. The foregoing procedure describes the "old $ray" of applying foil, which is the best way, The nen nay is essentially the sam€!, except that a time-saving, "self-adhesive" type foil is used, which requires no varnish coat. This type of foil is backed with a peel-off strip, much like a band-aid. It is much easier to applyl one just strips off the backingr sticks it on and applies the sealer coat. llhile everything ;ePpears to be the same, the problern with self-adhesive foil is that it's distinctly thicker, heavier and stronger than the fragile, non-adhesive variety. Because the objective of window foil is to separate (tear) easily when stress is appliedr the stronger it is the less ef{iciently it will perform. This brings up a very inportant factor which was not covered above: 43

PliThe ,'old-{ashioned," non-adhesive foil is extremely soft and practice of a beginner's stage first the so easily, able,, It stretches of foil ribshould be that of experimentally stretching a few lengths point. l'lhen apbreaking and tolerance its with bon to become familiar pressed onto it is ag be should rtrrttrhEd section each plying the foil purpose of The just tapeadhesive like on laid than Lfr* gi"=r, rather glass t'rill that the on skin tight thin, produce a to this stretching is easily separate when a crack oPens beneath it' arre disbJhen plate glass shatters, Eeveral generations of cracks pattern is foil tributed dor+nward and outward. Even though the typical just a few inches from the edges of the pane, it is extremely "ppii"u rare that the cracks rrill not extend down and out to pass underneath the foit pattern at thb sides and botttrm. A tightly stretched skinof ofa non-adhesive foil is far rnore tikely to separate from the stress time 5o the extra fine crack than is the heavier, self-adhesive type. paid off in many has way" the it doing in "old involved and wgrk i nstances.

a gecfion of foil is scratched or tsrn it can easily be repairA Fazor blade is used to dress the scratched ed by applying a patchl gap between them. A rePresents the dresclean a or torn-endsr-leaving sed ends of the damaged foil section. B represents clusters of Punctures through the patch, wedding it to the severed ends beneath. trlhen

Strip

Strip

BA Dip a pad of soft steel wool {OOO grade) in thinner and use it to (qentiy) rub.altay the dried sealer coat of varnish from the trimrned them rrrA=. Then aFply a thin coat of fresh varnish to the endsr spanabove nith a 2" tengtn o+ new foiL (seen as the shaded area in the splicdiagraml and iqueegee this patch firmly in place' Use either a ing tool or i pir, to puncture at least a dozen holes through the overlapped sectiBnsr as ghor*n below' Patch

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Patch

BREAK

Above is a,side view of a broken strip o+ foil which has been spanthe ned with a patEf,-I The clusters of arrohrs denote punctures. Finish probes of patch by applying a sealer coat of varnish. Then aPPly the(Di=connect rneter to both sides o+ the patch to test talr continuity. the foil pattern from the protective circuit before making this contin-

uity test,

)

of multiple It is sonreftimes necessary to aPPty foil to a grouping pane with separate each terminate prictical to pane5 in which it is not diafollowing The protective circuit. a separate connection into the situation. gratn depicts this kind of 44

CIRCUIT

PROTECTIVE

This diagram represents two horizontal rows of satall glass Panes. A separate {oil pattern is applied to each pane, The dots seen at the termination points of each pattern represent take-off blocksNote that there are only two ternination points on pane {lt. The arrcl$lEi point to a pair o{ short junper wireg, (cut from ordinary 2? ga. Protective circuit wire), which connect the pattern crn pane *l to the pPattern on pane *2, Pane *2 is connected to pane t31 3 to 4 and Eo crn. This arrangement of panGrs is not typieal (except on garage doors. ) The purpose o{ this diagram is to show that the basic configuration of a foil pattern should follot+ the contour of the pane it is applied to, and that the termination points are determined by the wiring requirements. Note that each separate pattern is a basic square, but the termination points vary according to the connection requirernents. The patterns on each of the separate panes are ccrrnected in a r,ray that a*fords series continuity throughout th entire sequErnce. The final ternination points are seen at the top of pane llB, where the entire grouping is connected into the protective circuit. Observe that the protective circuit wireg are! rnarked to indicate (+) wire is cut to polarity ( + - ). . In this example, the potitivr accomodate the connection. Using a pen or pencil, follow the + leg o{ the protective circuit through the entire "maze" a{ connected patterns, from pane llB to pane *11 and out again. This will grephically demonstrate the principle of a continuous selies circuit, showing the path volt that the 5 supprvisory current witi-Ellolr. to applying foil ribbon is to use . specially deThe alternative signed sensor called a ELASS-BREAK DETECTOR, a small, circular device that attaches to a glass sur{ace by means of a self-adhesive backing. 45

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3

The single advantage of glass-break detectorsr BS opposed to foil ribbont is ease and simplicity of installation: Atl that is required is to peel away the protective coating frorn the adhesive backing on the device and press it in place on the glass, (after wiping the mounting surface clean with alcohol!) A pair of rrire tails extend from the device for splicing directly into the protective circuit wiring. Before this connection is made the probes of a meter are attached to the leads so the sensitUfily level of the device can be adjustedt

hlhife a glass-break detector is not classified as a "vibration detectorr" it operates by sensing the high-frequency vibrations nhich are generated by the sharp crack of shattering glass.

The device on the right (above) is rated to detect glass hreakage within a 52 square ft- area, which works out apFroximately to a 4' x B' section. The diagrarn on the left represents an B' x B' pane with two detectors applied to the glass and wired into a protective circuit.

The drawbacks o{ using glass-break detectors instead of foil arGt cost Per device and a somewhat greater potential 4or false alarms. This does not imply that glass-break detectors are inherently falsealarm Prone. But they arE! activated by sensing a high-frequentry vibration-which might be generated by events other than actual breakaget such as a flying pebble striking the protected pane, etc. A high-quality glass-break detector is capable of providing years of stablet reliable protection, and is recommended for large, stationary picture windows and plate store-front winPanes such as retsidential dons' Howevert they are less practical for use on smaller, movable Panes such as the average double-hung and sliding aluminum window. The problem here exists in the volume of individual detectors needed and the requirement to wire each of thern with a flexible cord to enable unimpeded movement of the sash. (Remember that the detector is applied to the glass and its wiring must be carried onto the staticlnary, surrounding area. ) The problern of carrying the protective circuit onto a movable window sash is sqlved in the following manner. 46

PBOTECTIVB CIRCUIT

The device on the left is a sirnple but clever, two-part set of contacts that serves two purposes! It provides continuity from the protective circuit to the {oil pattern and acts as a sensor to detect rnovement of the sash-

A is a plastic block with a pair of screw terminals cln top. On the bottom o{ this block, (not visible in the drawing), are a pair of metal plates which are direct extensions of the screw terminals. This block is fastened by screws to the window sash shown on the right. B is another block with a pair of screl'r terminals on its front. This block ig {astened to the window frane with screns. Protruding from the top of this block is a pair of lea{ springs which are aligned to contact the metal plates at the bottom of A nhen the window is cloged. These leaf springsi are direct extensions of the screw terminals on the front of the block. Note that the foil pattern is connected to the scref', terminelsi on Ar while the protective circuit is connected to the screw terminals on B. hlhen the sash is closed, tight contact between A and B is effected by compression of the leaf springs of E against the metal plates of A.

47

PHOTOELECTRIC I}ETECTOR

The photoelectric detector is commonly referred to a!5 an "electric eye. " It consists of two separate parts, a transmitter and a receivert each o{ which operates independently, served by its own po}'tcrr source. The receiver of a modern photoelectric contains a hiqhly sophisticated

receptor cell which is sensitive to a pulsed, infra-red beam. Its companion transmitter projects a beam which is invisible to the naked eye and cannot be defeated by superimposing a secondary, bypass beam. (Early photoelectrics emitted a highly consipcuclus beamr and could easily be comprornised by aiming the beam of an ordinary flashlight into the receiver to override the companion transmitter. ) The transmitter serves the single purpose of emitting a beam, which is aimed directly into the eye (lens) of its companion receiver. The beam excites a photocell within the receivGlrr causing a pair of internal contacts to sr*itch closed. These contacts are continuous trith an external pair of terrninal screwst which in turn are wired into a probeam is momentarily interruptWhen the trangmitter's tective circuit. switch openr activating the alarm. instantly internal contacts ed, the Photoelectrics are available in a variety of distance capabilities, ranging from 50 to I'OOO feet and weatherproof versions are available Modern photoelectrics are generally stable for outdoor aptrlication. when properly alignedl but both transmitter and receiver must be sevibration-free mounting surface. The imcurely fastened to a rigid, portance of this requirement increases in proportion to the distance between transmitter and receiver.

Control

Panel

AC Porer

AC Poxer

-

Photoelectric

Eean

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)

TIIIDOTS

The layout shown above depictg a photoelectric applied to a very industrial situation, a factory corridor with a number of winIt is dows along one wall, spanning a distance of approx. ?5O feetl often dif+icult to protect such an area with foil patterns or individual window gwitches because of multiple pane:;t (often broken) t and deteriorated stone and metal fittings. common

48

The diagram shows a photoelectric transmitter (T' mounted at one end of the wall and the companion receiver (R) at the other end. The beam is projected across each of the eight windows and positioned so that an entry through any window would unavoidably interrupt it.

Foth transmitter and receiver are powered (via lZV DC transformer) by lt(t ACt but both units rnust be equipped with an internall tricklecharging standby power supply to maintain stability during momentary ar prolonged polrer loss. No other sensors are shown in this system. The receiver is wired directly to a protective circuit which is energized by a power supply within the control panel.

There is an endless variety of possible applications for the photoelectric detector' each of which must be evaluated on the basis of environment and other circumstances. Eurrently, the nrost popular type of photoelectric detector is the cleverly designed version shown below-t*hich is disguised as an ordinary wall receptacle.

There are two parts to this device, one of which is simply a reflector, It, too, looks like a wall receptacle but its only purpocie is (A) to the receiver (B), to bounce the beam back from the transmitter both of which' are built into the same housing. The transmilt.erf receiver unit is {lush mounted in the samcl mannElF aE any normal wall receptacler or it may be substituted for an Glxisting rctceptacle and connected directly to the Atr por.rer. The ref lector (C) is then situated on an opposing wall and aligned. (Alignment is perforned by simple strreh, adjustments. ) t{hile the range of this device is a liberal 73' it is most conmonly.installed in a narroril entrance corridor, thereby assuring tnany years of stable, trouble-free service. The nature of this device calls for fully concealed, in-the-wall protective circuit wiring unlesg the protective circuit is brought in through a small hole drilled straight through from the rear of the mounting wall, (which might be a closet, etc- ) In this case, the protective circuit r*iring may be carried along baseboards and door moldifigsr as explained in the section on INSTALLATION NOTES. 49

AREA PROTECTION DEVICEg

The devices used to monitor doors, windows and walls (such as tnagnetic, plunger and leaf switches, foil patterns and vibration sensorst etc. ) are classified as per iteter protection deviEesr for obvious reasg1n5,. hlhen a device is ernployed to monitor a specific volume of 5Eatrer it is called such as the interior of a roorn or a part of a larger €r protection device' space protection or device, an area

Before the photoelectric device (described in the foregoing section) along, the only alternative to perimeter msnitoring was the imagtrip-wires and inative application o{ "trapsr" such as clip-trapst switch mats situated in strategic locations. The example given in the photoelectric description is but one of many possible applications of this very flexible device, its full range of possiblities being limited only by the installer'E resourcefulness and the physical environment, trarn€r

The photoeleqtric detector is an area protection device. It was described separately because of its relatively simple nature and limitations in comparison with the sophisticated devices to be covered in Before proceeding it is irnportant to mention that the this section. of these motion detectors is of no coneeoporetlonrl tophitticetion This sectinn will describe the individual qurnrr to the insteller. Installing devic€lsf how they work and their rErspective limitations. and "setting up" any motion detector is no tnore di+ficult than installing a simple switch-typcr sensrrr. There presently are three separate types of motion detector devices available for burglar alarm application, these are l'lItrRO-hlAVEr ULTRASONIC and PASSIVE INFRA-RED. These device are made by nurnerctus manufacturers, therefore they ctrrner in many shapesr sizes and degrees of For the most part, however, the physical configurrelative quality. ation o{ these deviceg is basically similar.

FROTECT

IUE D IRCUI T

118

RC

The figure above depicts the rear panel of a typical area protection device, showing i.ts two wiring requirementgr The device is connected into the protective circuit at A by means o{ a pair of scr€}}', terminalst The other connection in the same manner ag would be a simple switch. (B) is the independent power requirement, which is usually facilitatad (The transformer is included as a separate by a plug-in transform€lr. hlhile most component and is connected to the device r*ith 22/2 wire.) of these deviceF may be situated on a shelf, each is equitrtred with a bracket for mounting it on a wall (which is recommended for stabitity and protection from damage and tampering. ) 50

o

OX

I

STFBLE

f,CT I VfiTEO

The front panel of a typical motion detector is depicted above. In the center is a "screened emitter aperturer" which is a hole through (in this r.rhich a f ield of active Ernergy is projected. To the right figure) is a tiny LED called the "walk-test" light. This light flashes on whenever the device is activatedt visually indicating its sensitivity and serving as an aid to adjustment.

Adjusting the device is usually a matter of rotating a snall knob, wheel or strrehtt which is also located on the rear panel. Turning it clockwige increases the'ranget counter-clockwise decrease:i it. Another way to observe the sensitivity of a motion detector is to attach the probes of a meter (set to read continuity) to the protective circuit connecting terminals. lJhen the device is activated by novenrent within its adjusted ranger the meter needle will swing to the righthlhen the movement stopst the internal circuitry of the device will stabilize and the needle will then drop back to the left. Installing a motion detector device in a burglar alarm protective circuit is sirnilar to installing a receiver clr a tape deck in a stereo trompctnent systemr (and generally easier.) One needn't know anything about vrhat makes the component "tick" electronically. It either works or it doesn'tt which is immediately apparent. I+ it doesn't work, it is removed and returned for service. I"IICRO-bIAVE:

(

(

.

ilICNO-H8UE DETECTON PETTENH

The l{ItrRO-hrAVE motion detector emits a focused beam of RF (radio frequency) energy, typically at 10,525 EHz, which is roughly the frequency of operational RADAR-- including highway speed detectors. projects en RF beam, which is hlhen the device is switched cln it re{lected by any solid object within its range. Its internal senstrry 5l

;rpparatus adjusts tcl the reflective constant, that the absence of any chinges- The movementr oF apFearafrce, of any issolid within the path of the bearn alters the constant, .-,r=in{t a pairobject of internal contacts to open, which activates the alarrn_ The pritnary advantage of I'lIcRu-hlAvE is its comparatively long range!r which is typically 3oo' long by t5' wide at mid-range. Another advantage is its ability to penetrate most rnaterials (exiept metall enabling one device to monitor tnore than one room ctr arela within the sa,ne prernises. However, inherent in this capabitity is an outstanding false alarm hazard-- as seen in the HItrRo-tJAVE PATTERN diagrarn:

This diagram depicts a t'lIcRo-hlAVE device mounted on one wall of an enclosed aFea and projecting its beam forward. In this the device is nst properly adjusted (or has "drifted" out of diagrap adjustment) and is penetrating the perimeter walls at the points indicated by arrows' Any rnovement occurring within this unintentionally extended field of coverage will cause a false alarm! Therefore, the factor penetration is the Achijres heel of the I'lrtrRo-l^IAVE motion detector. of Because t'trcRD-wAVE rnotion detectors operate in the same frequency range as highway speed RADAR guns, their radiations are detectablr by the same devices used to avoio ipeeoing tickets. ULTRA-SONItr:

AI /,?E -FF.,V-IC

L-€

'/-f

TB,F FT7,T [F,,F,V

The ULTRA-SBNIE motion detector emits ellipticatty shaped {ield {see diagram} o{ sound waves which are well anbeyond the range of hurnan hearing. The typical range of coverage is roughly 4olong -irr-r, by zo. wide at mid-range. (This range is consideiablv that available with a micro-wave device but there is no=r"ii.. penetration hazard. ) The lfansnlilte{- section of this device generates ultra-sound, which is monitored by the receiver section. The receiver adjusts to the stable level o{ ultraEilIE-Eent out by the transmitter and ,,listeng,, for any significant changes occurring in the ;shape" o+-tne sound waves, such as those which are caused by a solid object rnoving within the ULTRA_ soNItr field. The effect of disturbing an ULTRA-S0NIC +ield is simitar 52

to

cauging a ripple on a body of still water, but the sound waves move The receiver section of the device reacts to any disturbance by opening a pair of internal contacts. much faster.

A good quality ULTRA-SBNIC unit, properly adjusted and operating in a compatible environment, is capable of providing years of efficient, reliable service with littte or no attention. Proper adjustment nean5 sacrificing a {ew squarE yards of range to significantly decrease the device's false alarm potential. The typical range of an ULTFA-SBNIC device is mentioned above, hlhen the sensitivity is adjusted lower, (by rotating a thumbwheel), the elliptical pattern is proportionally reduced-- and so is the false-alarm patential. Even i+ maxiroutn range is required it is best not to adjust the device to its absolute limitt but to back aff a small degree. If a sFace does not call for maxinnum range sensitivity, the device should be adjusted to only the level required and not beyond, The ideal environment is quiet, clean and frcr of eny mrrvtmrlnt, whatsoever. Hoving drapest falling cartons or shelves and any kind of unanticipated physical movement within the adjusted pattern will activate an ULTRA-SENItrr so a cluttered environment is risky. Drafts are, a leading cause of false alarms, because dra{ts are perceived as rnotion by the ULTRA-SONIC. Forced air heating will de{initely cause priffiEr er=; will ,nany types of high-freguency sound wavcls. Some ringing telephones will activate an ULTRA-SBNIC device. The only way to know for surEr is to tlrt and obtrrv!. I+ a particular telephone seetns to caus€r activation when it rings, the frequencies may be altered by applying a small strip of electrical tape to the inside o{ its bells. Before an ULTRA-SONItr is installedr the environrnent nust be carefully surveyed for such things as whistling radiator valves, noisy heating and ventilating systems, hanrmering steam pipes and high frequency vibrations frsm passing traffic. The mounting gurface mu=t be absolutely free of vibration and movement.

Pets can be a problem if they cannot be appropriately isolated from an operating ULTRA-SONItr: Even a dog barking in an adjoining roorr could activate it. l"lost pets, €lspclciatly the littler onesr are receptive to high-frequency sound wave=; which, in sElmEl cases, causes thern great discomfort, On the positive siden it has been dernonstrated that these motion detectors o{ten serve the duat purpose of repelling rodents and certain insects from cellars, attics, etc. Ultra-sonic units are sold for that specific purpose-- with different nanes and significantly higher prfces, High-efficiency ULTRA-SONIC motion detectors are available for less than $2OO.OO. ULTRA-SONIC motion detectors, operating in compatible environments, have an impressive track record and are widely used by professianal installers. In spite of their early reputation for hypersengitivity, the major bugs have been removed and, at presentr the major cauges of false activation are improper adjustment, forced-air heating systems and such events as radiator valves that whistle when the heat comeg crn automatically at 4:30 am, etc. 53

PASSIVE INFRA-RED:

It'F,q,g-FFII

L7F fgf,,

TOF

Ffr .FF'V

to security The most recent application of sPace-age technology because called so pAssIVE detector, lnotion INFRA-RED electronics is the of a beam light the as such it does not emit an active energy beam, an of waves sound the or nicro-wave a photoelectri., it" radio beam oi pa5probes a* sensitive of number a instead it projects ultra-sonic; research, the "PIR" has sive energy. A product oi heat-seeking missile efficient detector of an as industry risen quickly tE popularity in the body heat and motion. glhen switched on, the PIR adjusts quickly to the arbjent temperature via the emitof its operating environment, which it rnonitorsigconstantly a surface radiating object an ied probes of passi,.6 r.r"tgy. I+ surrounding the of that than lower iemperature that is higherpIRor will detect it and activatct. CIbviouslyt (ambient) temperature, the compromised i+ used in an the e{ficiency o{ this type of device will be(room temperature) is close temperature environment where the ambient 98'6' is tcr that of the hunan body, which has attainSince its introduction, the relatively new PIR technology a pElnetrate can l'licro-wave stability: ed an excellent reputation for and it can be brick wall and pick up the movement of passing traffic triggered by be can Ultra-sonics signals. activated by =p,rtiorrt radio etc' A valves, radiator whistling dogs, ringing telephones, barking influences. these to FIR is not generally sensitive occurring change in temperature but PIR is sensitiva to a rrPidly changes or those occurring from weather not to gradual changes, such as exception is a forced air heatThe thermostatically contoifeA heating, ing system where a duct is likely to deliver a rush of superheated air directlY into the FIR field' bright sunA PIR device should not be aimed toward a window, because elevation in the sur{ace light striking a gtass pane can cause a rapid environment should be surveyed temperature of the pane, iftt---perating These are gteam PiPts; (eithin the -area o{ PIR focus for "hot spots. " lights that arei switched on by glr exposed or inside a wall), raditlots, 54

an automatic timer, etc. Fecau=e it is much easier to eliminate sources of rapid temperature variation than it is to elirninate ssund, vibration, and stray radio signalst the wider range of applicability and relatively low false-alarm potential of PASSIVE INFRA-RED is a good reason to select it over alternative types of area protection.

l,lith the exception of forced air heating, FIR is nst sensitive to the things that will cause an ultra-sonic to activate, and vice-vclrsa, nor will either device disturb sr interfere with the other. Therefore, a gaod way to combinet tnaximurn area protection with minimal false-alarm potential is to employ both devices in the same area, connecting them as shown below so that each devitre serves as a thunt {or the othei. I+ one device is activated by an accidental event the other remains stablet acting as a by-pass for the protective circuit current. But the movement of a human form entering hoth fields at the same tirne will trause hoth devices to activate siffiEaneously, opening both sets of contacts

This diagram shows an ultra-sonic motion detector (A) above (or in clcrse proxirnity to) a FIR motion detector (E), withsituated both devices focused in the same general direction. Note that the connecting wires of the PIR are attached directly to the connecting wires of the ultrasonic at the point indicated by arrows, This is a parallel connection and it functions in the same tnanner as a shunt lock (see the section on SHUNT LotrHs) with the PrR serving aE the shunt in this example. I+ the ultra-sonic activates but the PIR does not, the protective circuit current will simply conduct through the closed contacts of the PIR via the parallel connection. If the PIR activates but the ultrasonic does not, it cannot affect the protective circuit because the pIR (Review the diagrarn if this is not clear- ) is not nired in series. trnly if both devireE-Factivated at the same time nill the alarm be triggered. It doesn't matter which device is wired as the shunt, the ef {ect wi I I be the saflre. AUDIO DISCRII{INATORT As

its

name

implies, the

AUDro DrscRil.lrNAToR sensor

55'

,,listensr" via

by microphonesr f or- audio f requencies generated glassf breaking as such the typical noises made uuring forcible entry; creaking wood, etc'

rfne or r$ore amrli{ied

Ttr

F0HEFI SIIURCE

PF:frT

C

T]

c.f,?f]lJl r

VE

(as these devices are calA pro{essional-grade - FEELER EIT (or) ELEtrTRICIAN,s ?4" and 4E}" lengths; t/4" and lB", bits are available in 1?", drill drilling FaEisage holes through for 3/8,' diarneters. They ar€! excellent baseboardsn floors sheet-rock), hollow walls (p1aster, Plasterboard, into hollow reaching for useful are The longer ones and ceilings, wallstgdrillthrough2x4crosgcatgandheader=. of lengths, from 4" to 24" and B> l,lAsoNRY BIT: Available in a variety bits to use for drilling inthe are diameters frsm 3/L6" to 1". These cementt tile and plasconcrete, brick, to any type of fnasonry, such as {or drilling metal}t (those made are which ter. Never use,,twist" bits will be ruined inthey (including plaster) or on any kind of rnasonry brick, cement or as such masonry, through thick lrlhen drilling stantly. and stall' shriek to begins bit cement block walls, ind the masonry to lubricoil use Never water. of r*ithdraw it and dip it into a cup ate or cool a masonrY bit. * 6 - g (x 7/8" tr> PLASTItr ANtrHBR: These trome in several * sizes: which are a L/4" hole and will accomr:date 6 - B screg|st long) fits Lz (x 1") * 10 objects' small used to fasten sens,Err and similarly to mount bells, sirens and accomodates *lo - 12 screws, which are used(masonry) mounting surfatres' solid on csntrol cabinets. These are used L/8" (diameter) x 4" D> TOEGLE FOLT: Available in several xsizes: 4". used for mounting heavy 4"| !/4" (length), 3/!6- x 3"I 5/16'x hollsw plaster, plasteras such (]bjects on thin mounting surface=, board, sheet-rock, paneling, etc. The to991e slips through a drilled hole'snapsoPenandgriPs+irmlywhentheboltigtightened. of sizes' An alternative to E> I'loLLY ANCHBRS:' Available in a variety the toggle bolt. A ribbed sleeve that surrounds the bolt expands as the bolt is tightened. of widthsr from s/4" to 2-l/2"' F> HtrLE SAhl: Availabte in a varietywallboard, etc. trarbide version is panel, used to bore holes in wood, etc' available for boring metal. usea for shunt lock installationt of sizes. The smallest gize is B> SPADE TON6UE: Available in variety 9/4i4*, r*hich accomodates 22 - 1€l gauge wire. (Perfect size {or burglar

B

W F

d

WW

alarm work.

)

The split btade of this screr*driver exinside a screw index, holding the screw firrnly. This tool is particularly handy when working with window foil take-o{f blocks. Also useful for handling screws in tight working sPacesr EF when working fron a ladder, I> StrREtrt STARTERI Similar to a screwdriverr br-rt the tip is a hardenedr threaded strrew, (instead of a Ecrew-driving edge. ) Very useful {or starting screw-hsles with one hand, An extremely handy tool.

H>

EUII{-WEDEE StrREbIDRIVER:

pands to grip tightly

J> SIDE-CUTTER PLIERS (or) LINEi'|AN'5 PLIERS: Useful fsr cutting Er forming snakeg, cutting heavier wire (16 gauge zip cordl etc.), and such tasks as rerroving the "knockout" slugs from the back of bell and control panel cabinetsr etc. K> |{IRE STRIPFERI The perfect tool 'For working witln ?,212 wire. Easily adjusted to accornodate any size r+ire. truts and strips wire very quickly. The stripper groove is screw adjustable to any wire gauge. L> CORDLESS SBLDEFINE IRON: Eontains rechargable battery, Sold with Eharges up overnight. Full charge will accornodate charger stand. Extremely handy for soldering splices' esPecabout 5O solder joints. ially the splices in a bell box. tl> ARRObI T-19 STAFLE-EUN: The standard fastening tool for burglar alarm (and telephone) wire. The only alternativeg to using this tool are wiring tacks and the type of wiring staples that must be pounded in r*ith a tack-hammer. N> 6 VOLT LANTERN EATTEFY: (Heavy-duty. ) Used for powering bells & sirens. Lif'e-span is about one year (with no prolonged "ring-offs.") O> 1.5 VBLT IGNITION CELL: Two of these, connetrted together by jumpering the Positive terminal of one to the Negative terminal of anothert produces a 3 volt battery. Used to provide "supervisory" current fsr protective circuitg. Life-span is one year. P> I"IULTIIIETER (or) V-O-tl (or) I'IETER: This is a standard electrical testing instrument and is indispenEable when working with hurglar alarms. Eurglar alarm supptierg sell meters which are spetrially modified for the trade. B> "FETER's l"lETERl': (Named f or its inventor, who designed it specifically for the burglar alarm trade. ) Has several unique features that make the job of testing for an internrittent much easier, Two of thege features are an audible tone and an indicator light, in addition to the meter #ace. Another feature is a special circuit that sets uP and holds (just like a protective circuit relay), then indicates ("drops out") when the swinger "appears" during a shakedown. Recommended for anybody who intends to work with burglar alarms as a sideliner crr a 1 iving.

To avoid several trips up and down a ladder when mounting a bell, trece the mounting holes on a sheet of stiff cardboard to use! as a templateTie a le'ngth of wire tr: the bell cabinet and climb the ladder with the template, a drill, and the hoisting wire end, Use the template ts merk the msunting holes, drill the holes, then hoist the bell & cabirret up by the wire.

Set a srnall level on top of or inside a control panel when marking the msunting hsleg. It's hard to square off the box while holding it against a wall, and even a t/4. titt is unsiqhtly. hlhen it'g convenient to run protective circuit wiring under a walltcr-r+all carpetr sPlice in a section o# 22 gauge speaker wire for that purpose' This nirer called "72/2 paraIIeIr" is nuch thinner and won't shor+ thror-rgh as will 27/? twisted. When drilling through a hollow wall and you don't knors where the bit will ernerge on the other side, LrsEi a side-cutter pliers to cut a short gection of wire coat-hangtrr with a sharpl angle at one end. Chuck the other end in a high-speed drill (2r2OO rpm) and apply moderate pressure trr drill through with this improvised "bit." It bores a very small holer which tnay easily be patched with a dab of filler (Spackie, DaF, Plastic lrlclod, etc, ) i+ it breaks through in the hrong place. After mounting a bell (crr siren) and splicing the connections, apply a genercrus coating of RTV tRoom Ternperature Vulcanizing) cement to the tamper switch strrew terminals. This stuff forms a rubbery skin overnight which will protect against corrosion for many years. RTV comes in a tube and is available at any hardhtare store. lrJhen drilling a passage hole in a brick or stone wall for the bell circuit wiring, drill the hole at a slight angle (airning upward from autsidet or downward from inside) to prevent rain-water from seeping in through the hole. Also, block the hote with RTV.

Whenever wiring is to be concealed inside a rrallr oF anyrrhere that will be difficult to accesg and repair it after the wall is sealed, run an extra pair (spare) alongside it to be used as a substitute if a future problern develops. Four conductor cable, such as telephone wire, is recommended ft:r this aptrlication. Eonceal the tails of the spare pair in st]rne cr:nvenient place, to be retrieved and used if ever needed, Figure 3S-1 (next page) shows trne way to produce a strong splice: A represents t*re ends of two 22 gauge utires. 3/4" of insulation has been striptred away and the exposed wire strands twisted into rigid posts.

E shows the two posts twisted together; (apply a film of golder to these joined posts befsre prcrceeding to the next step, ) C shows the soldered joint bent backs.lard at its base and pressed tightly against one section of wire. 83

D shows t he finished jt:int el ectri cal t aP e.

covered with about three turns of plastic

..f-----it

R

B

Figure 25-l \ E

\ \ \ Figurr 2S-? two pairs of wires together! prepare the ends ag ghown at E, in Fig 23-?: Note that the stripped ends of the legs to be joined are offmt from each other. Thig is to eliminate the possibility of a loose strand of wire from one leg corning in contact with the other leg (and causing a shsrt. ) This also enables a much neatert finished wrap when the two legs are ready to be bound together, (see F. ) If the individually wrapped jointg are taped side by sider iD unsightly bulge wilt result when the two legs are bound together. practice to get but it takes a little Soldering is not difficult, (with plug-in an extension cord) iron used to: Use either a 3O Watt, Allow the iron to heat solder. Br a portable, and '60/40 rosin-core" posts for a few secondst twisted to maximum. Apply the irsn to the posts (near to the heated solder untit they become heated, then apply gecond puddle and will abruptly the solder or two, the iron. ) After a quickly rtiron should be time the run into all the. cracks, at which joint in a few seconds. and cools hardens moved. A soldered blhen splicing

is be=t to leave an exposed "test For trc:ubleshsoting purposes, it An poi nt " wherever a loop is connected into the protective circuit. to test a loop isolating when point helpful enormsusly is exposed tegt it {or continuity,

Without a test point it is necess'ary to open and are retroflr-

rewraF a splice, which is a troublesome job. The following mended rnethods of providing exposed test points.

?9 0'"

SCREU TERN I NFLS

r)J I TlP.OH TERIl I NRL CR

,1,

COHNECTOR

Figure 23-3

Figure 23-4

Figure ?3-3 depicts a ?-post, barrier tertinal blocki a small plastic block with two pairs o{ Ecrew terminals, which are separated by an insulating barrier. The two pairs of screw terminals are isolated from each othert but a netal strip provides continuity between both Ecreps o{ each pair. Figure 23-4 depicts a handy little item called a spade tonguer which ig =lipped onto a prepared wire post and tightly crimped in place (either nith a special crimping tool or a corner sf a sidecutter pliers' javrs.l rhe spade tongue *its perfectly under any type o{ strreh, terrninal, producing a much more e{ficient connection and affording great conveniencEl t*hen the connection must be removed and replaced during troubleshooting.

e-P0sT

TER}1I I.IHL

Figurr 23-5 Figure 23-S shows a one-sensor loop connected into a protective circuitn using a terminal block instead of a wrapped splice. Foth legs of the lcrcrp are fitted with spade tongues and fastened under the upper screws of a terminal blockr ;rS shonn. The ends of the severed protective circuit leg are likewise prepared and fastened under the lower screws rrn the terminal block. The continuity o.f this connection is the sa.ne as a spliced junction, but it provides conveniently exptrsed test points. To isolate the loop from the protective circuit (to test it for continuity), .just loosen the upper screws of the terrninal block.

P,PA

TEf

Figure 23-6 85

These terrninal blscks may also be introduced at intervals in long with wir-e runE to eliminate the need for penetrating wire insulation As pins when taking voltage readings along the protective circuit, (spade pair in two is cut circuit protective the 23-6, Fig, in sh13r*n

tr:ngues are attached ts each stripped end) and attached to a terminal for bleck. tNote that the block in Fig. ?3-= is situated vertically a making 23-6 ft:r FiS. in horizontally but cannection; a series rnaking parallel connection. ) lrlhen attaching a wire to a strrew terminal without using a spade bend the twisted post tongue, strip the wire end, twist it tightty; around the shaft of a screwdriver to form a hsok, then solder the hook. This ig the next best method to using a spade tongue and will prevent the gire strands frorn fraying and corroding under the screw terminal.

The uE,e of exposed test points should be restricted to areas where in the public areas of they witl not be accessible to tarnpering (i,e', a trBrnmercial premises, ) All it would take is a jurnper acrrrss the two One way to upper screws in Fig. 23-5 to shunt the loop out of circuit. provide a concealed test point is to use a covered telephone connecting block (,'basebsarO Ufock") instead of a barrier terminal block. Another handy technique makeg use of a 3.5mrn plug {"mini-plug") and jack set. A 3.5mm plug is the small plug usually found at the end of These nost tape recorder accessory rrtiresr rniniature headsets, etc. black plastic sleeve that gcrews off plugs usually have a cylindrical, to accomodate the wiring connecticlnsr as seen in Fig. 23-7.

SLEEVE

Figure 23.7 The "jatrk" is the female part of the setjack, which csmes with a screw-off sleever 35

Use Seen

the "in-Iine" in Fig. 23-4.

type

PROTEET I VE

SLEEVE

Figure ?3-B These plug & jack sets sffer a convenient way to improvise a "trap" or to monitor a ventilator E,Elnsgr, such as e "live trap" trip-wire, (see CLIF TRAPS- ) duct grille, etc; llB" The way to wire a plug./jack set is seen in the above figures: protective circuit severed of a endg the from is stribp"O of ingulation pair. The separate ends are passed through the gleeves of both plug 86

and jack and soldered to the terminalsr- then the sleeves are screwed in place to cover the connection. FLUE

JfiCT

Figure 2S-? l{hen the plug is inserted into the jack (as seen in Fig. Z3,-g, I csntinuity is egtablished. A slight tug at the wiring will the tr^lo parts, having precisely the sarne ef fect as reparatingseparate a clip trap.

In addition to a trap function, venient test point:

this plug./jack set provides a con-

FROTECTIUE EIREI]IT

Figurr 25-lO The tip of the plug is separated from the shaft by an insulative band- The tip is continuous with one of the terminals, the shaft is continuous with the other. FiS. Z3-1c shows how to apply the probes of a rneter to a plug for testing: One probe is applied to the tip (A), the clther is aPFtied to the shaft (8. ) This is identical to applying the probeg to strrew terminals. The tip and shaft are continuous r+ith the separate legs of wire. Ts use a meter on the jackr ein extra plug twithout a sleeve) be usedl Slip this plug int6-the jack and apply the meter.s probesmust to the plug's solder terminals as shown in Fig. ZS-11. .rRCl(

PFIOTE']TIUE CIRIUIT T

II I THOUT

SLEEUE }

Figure 23-11 87

The previous paragraphs refer to using a plug/jack set to achieve the same effect as seen in Fig. 73-6, which is direct continuity of the protective circuit pair. A plug/jack set may also be used ts connect a Ioop into the protective circuit, as shown in Fig. 23-5. -+E+=+r+=+E+E+=+8+3+-+3+3+Er+rr+E+r+tB+!E+-+E+E+=+=

A good source of standard tools and hardware items is,

U.E. EENERAL TOOL CO. IOO General Place Jeritrhof New York I l75S

This is a mail-order supplier. All prices are discounted {rom the A large tool catalog is available for 2.O0.

suggested retail.

-+s+rs+=+=+-+!.+E+E+E+a+-+E+E+!+-+r+=+E+r+E+3+-+

An excellent

source of supply for professional-grade burglar alarm

ccmponents and special equipment is,

EARRISON PROTECTIVE ELEtrTRBNICS

Kew

Box l2B Berdenr, Nrw York I t4l5

This supplier has been around the burglar alarm buginesg for many years and handles nothing but top-quality equiprnent. Their price:i are reasonable and they provide informational support to their customers. trle recommend this supplier to any reader who wishes to take the next step in the direction of learning this fascinating skill. Garrison will supply special 'package' sets of equipment, including supplEmtntary instructiong that conform with the in{ormation in this book. They stock the nl00rr control panel (and others), and will make retrcrmmendations pertaining to a customer's individual requirements. A catalog is 2.O0, which may be applied to any equiprnent order. 88

EOUIPI'IENT COST REFERENtrE =a- - -= == ==

t=

-!E=rr-=

The *olltrwing are typical retail prices of professional quality hurglar alarm components, (list conpiled in the Fallr 1gg4.) listing is provided as a reference to calculate the approximate costThis of installing a burglar alarrn system. t{holesale suppliers (r*ho depend on volurne salesi generally do not invite small orders from beginners, and are too busy to provide inf orrnational support. To avoiA malcing costly. tror-rbleEorne rnistakes, the beginner is advised to deal with a retail sr-rpplier who has installation experiencE!. CONTROLS}

Expect to pay about 75.OO for a'UL Listedr', basic control panel, such as the sne described in this material. I+ acc€lssory features are requiredr dln entry./exit-delay timer will cost about 6ct.oo, A bell cut-r:ff tirner, about 4o.oo. An AC srritching relay, about zo.oo. A permanent power supply (with ptug-in transf61rmer, trictcie charger and standby battery), about 80.Oo. Reliable control panels are available with built-in power supplyn entry/exit delay timers, and two zones, tor sbout 2(lo't)cl. (Ee sure that clear, supplementary wiring instructions arE included with any multi-f eatr_rred panel. ) BELLS & SIRENS> A uL Listed belln contained in a weatherproof cabinet with pre-wired tamper switches will cost about z5.o{r. A siren with speaker, rernote driver and tamper protected cabinet cost about loo'(io. Remenber that a 12 volt system is recommended will i+ an exceptionally loud siren is required. f,IABNETIC BhIITtrH EET}

UL Li sted,

operations) will cost about g.OO to PLUNEER SWITCH>

(rated at ,nore than one mi I I ion 6.OCr per set, nith cover.

hleatherproof type: 4. OO.

LEAF ShIITtrH> 5.

trLIP

TRAP}

UL

OO.

Listed type:

4.OO.

I.IERCURY SWITCH)

UL Listed typer wi th adjustable bracket: llith adjustable bracket & door cord, 12. OO. VIBRATION DETECTOR}

UL SWITCH IIAT>

Listed type:

B. OO.

lO +t. length x 3O,, width: 89.

SO,OO

per roll.

lO.OO.

SHUNT LBCK>

Round key

PHOTOELECTRIC SENSOR>

PROXIT.IITY SENSOR>

type: 15.OO. UL

About

Listed type: Average 15O.OO.

35O.OO.

ULTRA-5ONItr I'IOTION DETEtrTOR>

About l50.OO.

PASSIVE INFRA-RED T.IOTION DETEtrTOR> T.IICRO-TdAVE I.IOTION DETECTOR>

WIRE>

FtEDEtrB: SO.OO.

About

About

15O.OO.

175.OO,

27/2= B,OO per lOO ft. coil. S5.OO per SOO {t. spoot. Lacing wire: (hard-drawn copper) ?O.OO per 5OO ft. spool

FOIL> B.OO

per

5OO

+t. roll.

ELASS-BREAK DETECTTIR>

FIULTI-''IETER}

UL

Sel{-adhesive type: lZ.OO.

Listed typer

Standard type:

7.OO.

About 55.OO.

Peters I'leter (specialized for alarm work) ARRIII'I

T-lB

STAPLE-6UN>

FEELER BITS>

40.OO. Staples, 2.OO per

7E.OO.

ITOOO.

Range from 10.OO to ?O.OO, depending on length

and

di ameter.

In the way of miscellaneous hardware and fasteners, a box of lOO *6 screh,s costs about ?.5O. Spade tongues: about 1O.OO per lOO, Because retail

equipment suppliers make a better profit on the seII to beginners, they generally will include such item as fasteners with an order.

trclmponents they

incidental

90

The burglar alarm kit you've installed urill protect your property, family, and valuables, right? Not necessarily. A majority of the so-called burglar alarms currently in use can be defeated by amateur crooks using the least sophisticated methods. And many systems will malfunction within a matter of months, leaving the do-it-yourselfer with a collection of useless hardware fastened to the

walls.

T

Tricks of the Burglar Alarm Trade will help you find and fix the weaknesses in your current system or show you how to select and

install a new one that will make your home or business truly secure. And you won't have to wade through technical jargon, cryptic diagrams, or complicated references to electrical theory. Author Mike Kessler's straight-

forward, get-down-to-the-basics approach will familiarize you with the principles that govern all closed-circuit burglar alarms and then provide you with countermeasures that will defeat any attempt to bypass your

system.

_T_

Whether you own an apartment, liquor store,

or mansion, Tricks of the Burglar Alarm

Trade will help you keep your property and loved ones safe from intruders. A PALADIN PRESS BOOK ISBN 0-87364-550-2