60133900 Rescue Diver Course
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e s r u o C r r e v v i D e e u c d i s e u R s t G r r o t t c u r r t In io n o t i d i t 4 E 9 9 e r 2 0 0 t e r t a u 1 9 Q t s s r g h F i r
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This doc docum ent is a n importan t com pon en t of the PADI ADI Resc Rescue ue Diver Diver course instruction instruction a l sys system tem . Use this guide with with th e Rescue Diver Manual , Less Lesson on Guide s, Video, Exam a nd Cue Ca Ca rds when teachin g Resc Rescu u e Diver cou rses.
Rescue Diver Course Instructor Guide
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OCourse ne Standards and Overview s s e p i n n e x pa nd r u o C r e t a nd c r u c ia l s t e a t i i o o na l v v i D e u s c r s e i s s a n i m m p o r ta o n nd a p u r e l y y r e c n r s e id e r t h h e e R I D y P A v e r v e r c o u i v e s t o c o e e n c e b e D i v
v u e e s c u e D g e a nd e x p e r i o nd t h e m s e l v R I D I R e s c r, D A A P P y d e e e e e h h l b h t e e T o o k s k n o w l e s w h y v e ma s t s i s e r ’ s i s r n t o l o D i v v v h i ( a T d e g . a n n s i s r g r n n e i e n i n v v i v ra i v p t r o t h e r d I l e e s c u e d e i n e r s h i p f ). R d o a . l. l g e e n t v e e D l b t r u c t o r l p - - b A l l s l P n n e l l I l p r e v e n o f w a a b r p d u o o n e f c a h S e y t t r o t i s e e e t y u i s a t e sa f e v e r s t t d i v g a va r i t i i c p r e r eq , a nd O p e n W s t u n n n e a i d n s s s i u u g s e n s c i n i s e s ra t i n ad i e u c t o r r e a l i g e n c i e r e r t r h e s g g n n m I u n n e i o t n n n h v e s ta n e x t i n e d i v n g , t h i n e r t ra i g n t e v v d a A s s i s o i n n c d a a d e m m u n e a r y, R e s c u r e a o b e d e n a t u n e c e s s e d t o f f h h d b e n i t g , i h d s g n e a s h o u l d o u s s s d e i h h s m t t r e l e e s u l A r o b . u c c h c o p r o h e o u s, t h e s. T h e t a n d a p p r o a d i s r i o u e s q i s n h e c e n t e c o n t e b e u s e y u c t , n g m a n i n s c o n d i n t s d e n c e . i t a i d r t e o n f i c u c r s e e v v r i c h d d l l d w h i c n d b u i a e e l b o y a e n j o
Course Goals
Course Philosophy
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Ex p a n d di d iv e r kn kn o wl w le d ge ge in preparation for PADI lea lea dership dership tra ining.
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Te a ch ch e ff ffe ct ct iv iv e di d iv er er re r e sc scu e and first aid skills.
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Pr e p a re r e d iv iv e r s t o m a n a ge ge realistic realistic rescue rescue situa situa tions.
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In cr c r e a se se a wa wa re r e n es e ss o f dive sa fety. fety.
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En c ou ou r a g e d iv iv er er s t o a n t ic i ci p a t e a n d p r e v en en t p r o b le le m s .
The PADI Rescue Rescue Diver cou rse ph ilosoph y is tha t there is rarely only one way to a ccom ccom plish plish a task. There There is no “right” way to perform perform a rescue, rescue, but rath er m a n y options options from from which rescuers rescuers draw dependin g on the scena scena rio. rio. Th Th e course course takes a flexible flexible,, conceptua conceptua l ap proa ch to perform ing rescues — a rescuer’s rescuer’s rela rela tive tive siz sizee a nd strength, strength, for exam ple, as well as environmental factors dictate wha t resc rescue ue tech tech nique m a y be m ost effective. Rescue escue tra inin g ex ercises ercises provide for in in dividua l diffe differences rences an d capabilities while encouraging divers to experiment with alterna te tec techhn iques. Stud Stud en t divers divers lea lea rn to firs firstt think a bout the op tion tion s ava ila ila ble for for h a n d l in in g a n e m e r g en en c y, y, o n a t i o s s o c i a A l a then to act using the best n o s e s s i o u c t o r s o f e P r o n s t r u n g I n v i n m ethod for th th e sit situa ua tion. tion. o f D i v
Rescue Di ver Course Instructor Gui de
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Course Standards Course Prerequisites To qu a lify for PADI Rescue Diver t ra i n i n g , a n i n d i v i d u a l m u s t : 1.
B e c e rt if i ed a s PAD I Ad v a n c e d Op e n Wa t e r D i v e r OR
H a v e a q u a l i f y i n g c e r t i fi c a t i o n f ro m a n o t h e r tr a i n in g o r g a n i z a t i o n . T h i s i s d e f in e d a s p r o o f o f c e r t if i c a t i o n b e y o n d e n t r y l e v e l (a t l e a s t t w o c e r ti f i c a t i o n s t o t a l ) . T h e s e d i v e rs m u s t a l s o h a v e p r o o f o f 2 0 o r m o r e lo g g e d dives docum enting experience i n d e e p d iv i n g a n d u n d e r w a t e r navigation. 2 . B e 1 2 ye a rs o f a g e o r ol de r. Divers under the age of 15 may obtain a PADI Junior Rescue Diver certification. The Junior Rescue Diver certification card carries the requirement that the individual must dive with a certified adult. Note:
CPR Requirement To be c ertified a s a PADI Rescue D i v e r, t h e s t u d e n t d i v e r m u s t h a v e s u c c e s sf u l l y c o m p l e t e d a s a n c t i o n e d c o u r s e i n CP R w i t h i n t h e p a s t t w o y e a r s (2 4 m o n t h s ). Th e Em ergency First Respon se Prim a ry Ca re (CPR) course is h ighly recomm end ed a nd ca n b e used to m eet this requirem en t. Em ergen cy First Respon se is a ba sic trainin g program in CPR a nd emergency care.
Training Considerations and Supervision St u d e n t d i v e r s m u s t m e e t a l l Re s c u e D i v e r c o u rs e s k i l l p e r f o rm a n c e r e q u ir e m e n t s a t a n o p e n w a t e r d i ve s i te t h a t r e p r es e n t s t y p i c a l l o c a l d i v e c o n d i t i o n s . D iv e r s m u s t c o m p l e t e a l l 1 2 t r a i n i n g e x e r c i se s d u ri n g a m i n i m u m o f f iv e o p e n w a t e r s e ss i o n s c o n d u c t e d o v e r a t l e a s t tw o d a y s . If possible, use a va riety of tra inin g loca tions to represent th e different typ es of dive environm ents foun d in th e loca l 1-2
a rea. For exam ple, if boat Logging Dives diving is popular, then Divers ma y log condu ct at least on e session ea ch of the five fr o m a b o a t . open water sesIt is recom m ended th a t sion s as a dive. y o u i n t ro d u c e, a n d h a v e Th ese dives m a y studen t divers pra ctice, some be ap plied toward of the m ore comp lex skills at t h e m i n im u m a confined wa ter site before logged dive reprogressing to open water. quiremen ts for Th e m a x i m u m s t u d e n t PADI Divem a ster t o -i n s t r u c t o r r a t i o f o r a nd instructor o p e n w a t e r a c t i v i t ie s is certifications. 8 :1 , w i t h f o u r a d d i t i o n a l s t u d e n t d i v e rs a l l o w e d p e r c e r t i f i e d a s s i s t a n t . Use a ssistan ts as n ecessary to provide adequ a te supervision a n d rea listic rescue scen a rios.
Equipment Fo r o p e n w a t e r t r a i n i n g e x e r c i se s , yo u m u s t h a v e a f i rs t a i d k i t a n d o x y g e n a v a i l a b l e (if lega lly perm itted in th e loca l area) as described in Section Two of the PADI Rescue Diver Manual . Ad d i t i o n a l l y, y o u m u s t ha ve all equipm ent necessary to com plete e a c h t ra i n i n g e x e r c i s e, s u c h a s p o c k e t m a s k s , li n e s , f l o a t s , m a r k e r b u o y s a n d various other pieces of equipm ent a s described in Section Th ree of th e ma n ua l. Ea c h d i v e r m u s t u s e p ro p e r e q u i p m e n t f o r t h e d iv e e n v i ro n m e n t Th is in clud es, bu t is not lim ited to: fin s, ma sk, sn orkel, cylin der, regulator, alterna te air source, buoyan cy control device (BCD) with low pressure inflator, weight system, appropriate exposure suit for the environm ent, tim ing device a nd depth ga uge (or dive comp uter), com pa ss, knife/dive tool (un less prohibited by local laws or regulations) a nd a n emergency signa lin g device (whistle, flare, inflata ble sign a l tube). .
Training Materials T h e f o l lo w i n g m a t e r i a l s a r e re q u i re d w h e n t r a i n i n g P AD I R e s c u e D i v e rs : 1.
P AD I R e sc u e D iv e r Co u r s e Instructor Guide.
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PAD I Rescue Diver Manual a n d D i v in g Ac c i d e n t M a n a g e m e n t Wo r k s l a t e (if a v a i la b l e i n a l a n g u a g e t h e d iv er u n d e rstands).
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PAD I Re s c ue D iv e r Ex a m . One: Course Standards and Overview
The following materials are highly recommended:
NOTE:
m a n c e o n t h e P AD I R e s c u e D i v e r Ex a m . Acceptab le p erforma nce mean s that the diver scores 75 percent or b e tt e r o n t h e e x a m . I f t h e diver scores less than 75 percent, then you m ust h a v e t h e d i v e r r e t e s t. In addition to scoring 75 p e r c e n t o r h i g h e r, t h e d i v e r m u s t u n d e rs ta n d a l l e x a m i t em s . To accomplish this, review any missed questions with th e diver u ntil m a stery is achieved. Have the student diver sign a nd d a t e t h e e x a m s t a t e m e n t t o ve r if y t h a t y o u r e vi e w e d m i s se d q u e s t io n s a n d t h a t t h e d i v e r u n d e rs t a n d s t h e c o r re c t a n s w e r s. It’s recom m end ed, but n ot required, tha t you ha ve divers initia l m issed q uestions in a ddition to si gn i n g t h e e x a m st a t e m e n t . You m ust k e e p a w r it t e n r ec o r d o f t h e e x a m a n s w e r s h e e t i n t h e d i v e r’s p e r m a n e n t r e c o rd s (Stu den t Record File).
Junior divers, under the age of 15, must independently complete a written exam – an oral exam is not permitted. (The only exception is when junior divers have been diagnosed with a learning disability that affects their reading ability.)
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PADI Rescue Diver Video
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Re scu e Div er Le sso n Guides (digital, slide or paper versions)
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Rescu e Dive r Cu e Ca r ds
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Emergency First Response Participant Manual
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The Encyclopedia of Recreational Diving Multimedia or bo ok version
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Re cr ea t i on a l D iv e Pla n n e r, t a b le o r The Wh eel with a ppropriate Instruction for Use booklet
Knowledge Reviews Each chapter in the PADI Rescue Diver Manual ends with a Knowledge Review. St u d e n t d i v e rs m u s t c o m p l e t e a n d t u r n i n K n o w l e d g e R e v i e w s . Yo u m u s t re v i e w a n y q u e s t i o n s m i s s e d or left incom plete until the student d i v e r u n d e r s t a n d s t h e m . Af t e r a t h o r o u g h r e v ie w , h a v e t h e d i v e r v e ri f y u n d e r st a n d i n g b y s i g n i n g a n d d a t i n g t h e st a t e m e n t o n e a c h Kn o w l e d g e R e vi e w . It’s recom m ended tha t you ha ve divers initia l m issed qu estions in a ddition to signin g t h e s t a t e m e n t . Yo u m u s t k e e p a r e c o rd o f t h e c o m p l e t e d a n d s i g n e d Kn o w l e d g e R e v i e w s i n t h e d i v e r ’s p e r m a n e n t r e c o r d s (Stu den t Record File).
Knowledge Assessment Prior to certification , the studen t diver m ust show m astery by dem onstrating a cceptable perfor-
Certification Procedures Any Tea chin g sta tus PADI Instructor m a y cond uct th e PADI Rescue Diver course a n d certify PADI Rescue Divers. Th e certifying instructor ob ta ins Rescue Diver certifica tions by subm ittin g completed an d signed PICs to th e appropriate PADI Office. T h e i n s t r u c t o r w h o c o n d u c t s t h e s t u d e n t d i v e r ’s f i n a l o p e n w a t e r t ra i n i n g s e ss i o n i s t h e c e r t i f y i n g i n s t r u c t o r. Th e c e r t i f y i n g i n s t ru c t o r m u s t e n s u r e t h a t a l l c e r ti f i c a t i o n r e q u i re m e n t s a r e m e t .
KEY STANDARDS Prerequisite certification: P AD I Ad v a n c e d O p e n Wa t e r D i v e r o r q u a l i fy i n g c e r t if i c a t i o n M in i m u m a g e : 1 2 Recom m ended hours: 25 hours Minimum Open Water Training: 5 s e s si o n s o v e r 2 d a y s Stud en t-Instructor ra tio: 8 :1 ( 4 a d d i t i o n a l s t u d e n t s p e r c e r t i f i e d a s s i st a n t ) Minim um instructor rating: Te a c h i n g s t a t u s P A D I I n s t ru c t o r Rescue Diver Course Instructor Guide
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Course Overview Course Structure Th e curriculum for th e PADI Rescue Diver cou rse is performa n ce-ba sed. Th e a m oun t of time required to com plete the p rogram is ba sed u pon cla ss size, logistica l considerations, studen t diver ap titude a nd performa nce. The course ha s two ma in compon ents – knowledge developm ent a nd op en water trainin g exercises. Knowledge developmen t m a y occur th rough indepen den t studen t study, instructor-led sessions or a comb ina tion of both . Th is flexibility permits you to accommodate a variety of student diver schedules. Open wa ter train ing sessions consist of th e 12 requ ired course exercises. Th e following recommended sequence includes suggestions for grouping the individua l exercises into open water sessions. Oth er a rran gemen ts are p ossible a nd m a y be required depen ding on diver performa nce a nd logistica l considera tions.
Course Sequence Session One
Session Three
Knowledge Development Topics:
Knowledge Development Topics:
Introduction and Course Overview, Self Rescue, Diver Stress and Managin g Diver Stress (PADI Rescue Diver Manual – Section O n e)
Em ergency Man a gemen t (PADI Rescue Diver Manual – Secti on Th re e)
Review of open water skills: PADI Rescue Diver Manual – Sect io n Five a n d Rescue Diver Video - exercises 1-4
Open Water – Exercise 7: Uncon-
Open Water – Exercises 1, 2, 3 and 4: Tired Diver, Pan icked Diver, Respo n se from Sh ore/Boat to a Conscious Diver, a n d Distressed Diver Underwa ter (overexertion a nd alterna te air source ascents)
Review of open water skills: Rescue Diver Video - exercise 7 scious Diver at th e Surfa ce
Session Four Knowledge Development Topics: Common Equipment Problems, Equipm ent Function, a n d Relea se Fun ction a n d Problem s (PADI Rescue Diver Manual – Sect io n Fou r)
Session Two
Review of open water skills: Rescue Diver Video - exercises 8-10
Knowledge Development Topics:
Open Water – Exercises 8, 9 and 10:
First Aid Equ ipm en t a n d First Aid Procedures) (PADI Rescue Diver Manual – Secti on Two)
Egress with a n Uncon sciou s Diver, First Aid Procedu res for Pressure -Rela ted Acciden ts, an d Respon se from Sh ore/ Boa t to a n Un consciou s Diver
Review of open water skills: PADI Rescue Diver Manual – Sect io n Six a n d Rescue Diver Video - exercises 5-6 Open Water – Exercises 5 and 6: Missin g Diver Procedu res an d Surfacing th e Unconscious Diver
Session Five Review and Rescue Diver Exam Open Water – Exercises 11 and 12: Diving-Accident Scenarios
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One: Course Standards and Overview
Referral Procedure Th e pu rpose of th is procedu re is to a llow a studen t diver to comp lete a PADI Rescue Diver course with m ore th a n on e PADI In structor. A PADI Rescue Diver studen t m a y be referred to another PADI Instructor after any knowledge developm ent session a nd/ or a fter an y open water exercise. Th e s t u d e n t d i ve r m u s t c o m p l e t e t h e entire session or exercise to rec e i v e r e f e r ra l c r e d i t f o r t h a t s e s s io n o r e x e r c i s e . To refer a PADI Rescu e Diver student, use the PADI Rescue Diver Course Trainin g Docum enta tion form foun d in th e Appendix of this guide. Th is form , a long with th e diver’s completed Medica l Statem ent, m a y be given directly to th e diver to con tinu e PADI Rescue Diver training with a n oth er PADI In structor. A PADI Rescue Diver Cou rse Train ing Docum enta tion form is valid for 1 2 m o n t h s f r o m t h e l a s t t ra i n i n g s e g m e n t c o m p l e ti o n d a t e . P r io r t o c o n d u c t i n g a R e sc u e D i v e r e x e r c i s e f o r a r e f e r re d s t u d e n t , a p r e a s s e s sm e n t a n d t h e a d m i n i s t ra t i v e r e q u ir e m e n t s a s o u t l i n e d i n P AD I “ Ge n e r a l S t a n d a r d s a n d P r o c e d u r e s” m u s t b e c o m p l e t e d ( i. e . s i g n e d M e d i c a l St a t e m e n t , St a n d a r d S a f e D i v i n g
P r a c t i c e s St a t e m e n t o f Un d e r s t a n d i n g , a n d Li a b i l i ty R e l ea s e a n d As s u m p t i o n o f Ri s k Ag r e e m e n t . ) All PADI Instructo rs invo lved in t h e r e f e r r a l p r o c e s s , in i t i a l t r a i n i n g o r o p e n w a t e r tr a i n in g , m u s t r e t a i n a c o p y o f t h e a d m i n i s tr a t i v e p a p e r w o r k , a s w e l l a s t h e R e sc u e D i v e r Co u r s e Tr a i n i n g D o c u m e n t a t i o n f o rm . Wh en you receive a Rescue Diver referra l studen t, you m a y check the status of PADI Instructors who previously signed off on the tra ining docum enta tion form by calling your PADI Office.
Step-By-Step Referral Procedures Summary 1.
Th e i n st ru c to r wh o c on d u c ts th e studen t diver’s fina l open wa ter training en sures tha t the diver ha s met all certification requirements a n d certifies the d iver.
2.
Use the PADI Rescue Diver Course Trainin g Docum enta tion form to verify com pletion of course requirem ents an d keep the form in student diver’s file.
3.
C om p l e te a st a n d a r d PAD I PIC envelope an d m a il to your PADI Office to secure the student diver’s certifica tion card.
Credit for Rescue Exercises 1 and 2 As pa rt of the PADI Adventures in Diving progra m , a studen t diver m a y pa rticipa te in a n introdu ction to rescue d ivin g skills. Th is skill introdu ction consists of Rescue Exercises 1 a n d 2 (Tired an d Pa n icked Diver). Th e instructor wh o cond ucts th ese exercises issues a PADI Rescue Diver Course Tra inin g Docum enta tion form with Exercises 1 a n d 2 sign ed off to the diver. To a l l o w c r e d it t o w a r d r e s c u e d i v e r c o u rs e r e q u ir e m e n t s , y o u m u s t v e r i f y t h a t t h e s t u d e n t d i v e r su c c e s s f u l l y c o m p l e t e d t h e s e e x e r c i s e s b y r e v ie w i n g t h e d i v e r’s d o c u m e n t a t i o n f o r m . At your discretion , you m a y credit th e diver’s exp erience an d contin ue with th e rema inder of the course. Treat th is a s you would a ny oth er referra l. You m a y choose to incorpora te a review of Rescue Exercises 1 a n d 2 skills into Exercise 3 (Respon se from Sh ore/ Boa t to a Con sciou s Victim ) to assess stud en t diver comp etence. Rem ediate diver skills a s n ecessary. Rescue Diver Course Instructor Guide
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Three Rescue Exercises s t a n d f i r s l l i k g s n e n t i n g i a n a g e m r a m T t r a i n i n y 2 c r 1 n e e e g t c u e t . T h a m e r W p l e r e s o p m e n y t h e e l l n m e i p s v p e e a d m O p a t e r, s t u d e n t d i v e d r u s r i n g k n o w l e d i gv e e r s t o p r og r e s s f r er o s u s c i t a t i n g a n d u c e
n w a r n w d h a s n t r o I n o p e t h e y l e n , a l l o l l s, s u c n e d t o f i r s t i o s i i e t k s c u e q x s i e e t h o s e p l h n h i s s i g c c t i m e t e t d c o n i c a d e r i r d e a t o p r l i n e m o r s e s a t h e m e t t e r f o w s, t o e x e r c i s e s o u t i w b o e c t o r l k h r l e r T e a o x v . e t e r e s w s d i s o h e n t h e w a s u c h a i v e r s, t c h n i q u e p h i l o n d e s i t r o u t h m o i c s c t i s k i l l s, v i c w h q u e v e r y s c i o u s t e c h n i s c o v e r c u e D i i s s d e u s R o r m a n r i I e r e u n c o n h v D a t i v A a d P r t i l d , e r t h e e , b u t i l l s a n c i s e u n r a c t i c e b u r p c e s m x g e e e r n i t h e s k m u r R e a c h m a q u e s. D t s i t u a t i o n s. p e r f o r i t h i n e w o t s l y l i a t e c h n i k n r e e s t ” w n d i f f e p r a c t i c o “ r ig h o n t s e i u t h e m i e n r e t i t h a t t h s. D i v e r s c o n t s. p h y i s n i r e m e n u p t i o q o e r e l e b a n c w o r k a e r f o r m p g n i r m a s t e
Training Considerations The Rescue Exercises are designed to cha lleng e divers, yet present realistic scen a rios th a t divers are likely to en coun ter a t local dive sites. Alt h o u g h t h e n a t u r e a n d co n t e x t is seriou s, th e course shou ld be enjoya ble an d bu ild diver confiden ce. If po ssible, con du ct Rescue Exercises between Kn owledge Develop m en t session s. (See Cou rse Sequ ence in Section On e of th is guide.) This allows divers to m ore qu ickly apply what they’ve learned to skills pra ctice an d to relate open wa ter experiences to subsequent knowledge development sessions. Use different o pen wa ter dive sites, if possible, to give student divers experience in dealing with a variety of environm enta l cond itions a n d logistica l cha llen ges. It’s a good Rescue Diver Course Instructor Guide
idea to conduct at least one open water session from a boa t if boa t diving is popula r in the loca l area. You m a y choose to first in troduce a nd ha ve studen t divers pra ctice som e of the m ore comp lex skills in confined water. This will help make open water session s m ore efficient a n d keep divers more comfortable, especially when dive conditions limit exposure time. When exercises require student divers to u se differen t pieces of rescue equipment — pocket masks, first aid kits, oxygen un its, etc. — organ ize pra ctice so tha t a ll divers ha ve adequate practice time. If necessary, h a v e m u l ti p le pieces of equipment available. o n s o c i a t i s A r s s i o n a l P r o f e s i n g I n s t r u c t o v i D o f
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Supervision Th e m a x i m u m s t u d e n t d i ve r -t o i n s t r u c t o r r a t i o i s 8 :1 , w i t h f o u r a d d i t i o n a l s tu d e n t d i v e rs a l l o w e d p e r c e r t i fi e d a s s i s t a n t . Use certified a ssistan ts as ap propriate for a dded control a nd realism . For exam ple with la rger cla sses, assistan ts ca n supervise tea m s of th ree or fou r divers while you work with a noth er tea m . For sma ll cla sses, assistan ts can a ct as victims or rescue a ssistan ts, a s necessary, to m eet the exercise performance requirements.
The following Rescue Exercise performance requirements, procedures, and skill and technique practice information is duplicated on the PADI Rescue Diver Cue Cards. Using your cue cards during open water training sessions will help you introduce skills and verify that student divers meet performance requirements. NOTE:
Rescue Exercise 1 Tired Diver Overview Th is exercise tea ches studen t divers th e correct procedu res for respon ding to a distressed diver who, a lthou gh still ra tiona l, needs assistan ce. En coura ge divers to focus first on recognizing a n d a ssessin g the problem, then on providing th e necessary assistance.
Procedures 1.
2.
3.
4.
3-2
Po si tio n st u d en t d iv er s w ea r in g full scuba in water too deep to st a n d u p i n . D iv id e cla s s in t o t wo gr ou p s (“victim s” an d “rescuers”). Reverse roles a t th e conclusion of e a c h p h a se . D em o n stra t e a n d h a v e cla ss pra ctice each ph a se of respon se a s outlined. Th e n a t u re o f t h is e x er cise is m o r e instructional than evaluative. Em ph a size identifica tion a nd solving of comm on problems m ore th a n developmen t of full competence.
Performance Requirements By th e en d of this session , th e diver will be a ble to: D e m o n s t r a t e t h e c o r re c t p r o c e d u r e s f o r t h e f o l l o w i n g p h a s e s o f r e sp o n s e t o a d i s t r e ss e d (rational) diver: •
Ap p ro a c h
•
Eva lu a t io n
•
M a k in g Co n t a c t
•
Ca lm in g t h e Vic t im
•
Assist s a n d Tra n sp ort
•
Eq u ip m en t Re m o v a l
Three: Rescue Exercises in Open Water
Skill and Technique Practice Use th e followin g n otes to coach studen t divers a s they p ra ctice these skills:
1. Ap proa ch a.
P ro p e r s u r fa c e sw im m i n g : h e a d o u t o f w a t e r, co n t i n u o u s ly w a t ch i n g victim.
b.
Sp e e d o f a p p r o a c h m u s t b e p a c ed f or r escu e r t o h a v e su f fi ci en t e n e r g y up on a rrival to victim.
2 . Eva l u a tio n a.
H a l t a p p r o a c h n e a r, t h o u g h o u t o f r ea c h o f , t h e v ict im t o a s se ss vi ct im ’s m enta l state (rationa l or irrationa l).
b.
N o t e t h e lo ca t i o n a n d t yp e o f BC D i n fl a t o r.
c.
A tt e m p t t o ta l k v ic ti m t h r o u g h d i ffi cu l t y b y p r ov id i n g co m m a n d in g , clear and concise directions. (“Inflate your BCD!”)
3 . Ma k in g Co n ta c t a.
Est a b lish su b st a n t i a l p er so n a l b u o y a n c y.
b.
C o n t in u e to a p p r o a c h f ro m f ro n t w h i le ex p l a i n i n g w h a t i s b e in g d o n e o r requesting th a t the victim take a ction.
c.
Use contact-support position to sta bilize an d rea ssure victim .
d.
Provide victim with positive buoya ncy (use of low-pressure inflator preferred).
4 . C a lm in g t h e Vict im a.
C o n t in u a l ly re a s su r e th e v ict im t h r o u g h e ye co n t a ct a n d b y t a l ki n g to him.
b.
If su r fa c e c on d i t io n s a r e n o t a d v er se , a l lo w v ic ti m t o r e m o v e m a s k , regulator/snorkel and rest before resuming activity.
5 . Assi st s a n d Tr a n sp o r t a.
A ll ow v ic ti m t o d o a s m u c h f or h i m s e lf a s p o s si b le .
b.
C ri te ri a f or e ffe ct iv e t ra n sp o r t : •
v ict im ’s fa c e a b o ve wa t er
•
v ict im a n d r escu e r p o sit iv ely bu o y a n t
•
n ea r h orizon ta l
•
a d e qu a t e co n tr ol o f v ict im
•
r es cu e r m u s t b e a b l e t o sw im e f fe ct iv el y
•
a d e q u a t e co m m u n i ca t i on s a n d ey e-t o-e ye co n t a ct
c.
In w a te r cra m p rele a ses
d.
Re vi ew a n d d isc u ss t h e fo ll ow in g : •
u n d e ra r m p u sh (o n e a n d t wo r escu e rs)
•
m o d ifie d tir ed -sw im m e r ca r r y
•
u se of BCD s a s sw im m in g a id s
•
ta n k-va lve tow
6 . Eq u ip m e n t Re m o va l a.
Vi ct im s o ft e n d o n o t d is ca r d t h e i r e q u i p m e n t d u e t o im p a i re d th o u g h t processes caused by stress.
b.
Pr a c ti ce r em o v a l o f t a n k fr o m v i ct im t o fa c i li ta t e s wi m m i n g .
c.
Pra ctice use of rescuer’s BCD as an extension to victim.
d.
Pr a c ti ce p r o ce d u r e fo r r em o v a l o f w e ig h t s a s a p p r o p ri a t e .
Rescue Diver Course Instructor Guide
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Rescue Exercise 2 Panicked Diver Overview In this exercise, student divers learn to evaluate and respond to a panicked diver. While applying techniques practiced in the previous exercise, divers should focus on safely making contact with an irrational diver and assisting the diver as necessary. Encourage realism, but caution divers about not demonstrating extreme physical panic.
Procedures 1.
Po sit io n s tu d e n t d iv er s w ea r in g f u ll scuba in wa ter too deep to sta nd in .
2.
D iv id e cl a ss i n t o t w o g r ou p s (“ vi ctim s” an d “rescuers”). Reverse roles a t conclusion of each ph a se.
3.
D em o n s tr a te a n d h a v e cla s s p ra c tice each ph a se of respon se as outlined.
4.
5.
N a t u r e o f e x er ci se is t o b e m o re instructional than evaluative. Em ph a size identifica tion an d solving of com m on problems m ore tha n developmen t of full com petence.
Performance Requirements By th e en d of th is session, th e diver will be a ble to: D e m o n s t r a t e t h e c o r r e c t p r o c e d u re f o r t h e f o l lo w i n g p h a s e s o f re s p o n se t o a p a n i c k e d ( i rr a t i o n a l ) d i v e r. •
Ev a lu a t io n
•
M a k in g Co n t a c t
•
Re le a se s
St re ss th a t d e a lin g w it h a p a n i ck ed victim is the m ost da ngerous situa tion th e rescuer will ever dea l with , a nd th erefore, great ca ution m ust be exercised.
Skill and Technique Practice Use th e followin g n otes to coach studen t divers as they p ra ctice these skills:
1 . Eva l u a tio n a.
H a l t a p p r o a c h n e a r , t h o u g h o u t o f r ea c h o f t h e v ict im , t o a s se ss vi ct im ’s m enta l state (rationa l or irrationa l).
b.
N o t e t h e lo ca t i o n a n d t yp e o f BC D i n fl a t o r.
c.
A tt em p t t o t a l k vi ct im t h r o u g h d i ffi cu l t y b y p r o vi di n g co m m a n d in g , c le a r and concise directions (“Inflate your BCD!”).
d.
If vi ct im i s u n r esp o n s iv e, a s su m e p a n i c a n d t r ea t a cco r d in g l y.
2 . Ma k in g Co n ta c t a.
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Un d er wa t er a p p ro a ch •
Ap p r oa c h fr om k n e e t o a n k le le ve l (w ei gh t s m a y b e r em o v e d a t th is time).
•
Tu r n o r sw im a r ou n d v ict im t o a t t a i n a p o sit io n fr om b e h i n d . Three: Rescue Exercises in Open Water
b.
•
Asce n d m a i n t a i n in g co n t a c t, g ra s p ta n k v a lv e a n d a ssu m e t h e “knee-cra dle” position .
•
In f la t e v ict im ’s BC D.
Su rfa ce a p p ro a ch •
At ta i n su b st a n t ia l p er so n a l b u oy a n cy.
•
At te m p t t o sw im b e h in d v ict im st a y in g o u t o f r ea c h .
•
G ra s p ta n k va l ve a n d a s su m e th e k n e e-cr a d le p osit io n .
•
In f la t e v ict im ’s BC D.
3 . Re lea s es a.
A tt e m p t r el ea s e fr o m v ict im ’s g r a sp b y p u s h i n g u p a n d a w a y fr o m victim. (Note th a t prop er a ction is dictated by rela tive size of victim a n d rescuer.)
Rescue Exercise 3 Response from Shore/Boat (Conscious Victim) Overview This exercise guides studen t divers th rough the u se of non swimm ing a nd swimm ing a ssists to help a diver who is in trouble. Demon strate a nd discuss the m ost effective meth ods to respon d from th e shore or a b oa t. Em ph a size efficiency an d bu ild u pon skills pra cticed in previous exercises.
Procedures 1.
Re vie w e n t ry co n s id er a t io n s, egress, post a ttenda n ce a nd non swimm ing a ssist techn iques from Section Five of th e PADI Rescue Diver Manual .
2.
D iv id e cla s s in t o tw o gr ou p s (“victim s” a n d “rescue rs”).
3.
Po sit io n v ict im s in w a t e r 50 -1 0 0 m etres/yards from shore/boat (rescuers positioned on shore/ boat).
4.
Assig n v ict im s t h e r o le o f e it h e r tired or pa n icked divers.
5.
Re scu e rs a r e t o r esp o n d t o vict im s (w it h o u t s cu b a ) a n d t a k e a p p r o priate action.
6.
Te rm i n a t e ex e rcise o n ce v ict im is o n sh o r e / b o a t .
Performance Requirements By th e en d of this session , th e diver will be a ble to: 1.
2.
D e m o n s tra t e s ev e ra l p ro c e du re s w h i c h m a y b e u s e f u l in p r o v i d i n g a s si s ta n c e t o a d i v e r i n d i s t r e s s, i n c l u d i n g : •
No n sw i m m i ng Assists
•
En t ry Co n si de ra t io n s
•
Eg r es s w i t h Co n s ci o us Vi ct im
•
P ost Att e nd a n ce
D em o n s tra t e a p pli ca t io n o f in f orm a t i on a n d s k i l l s re v i e w e d i n Ex e r c i s e s On e a n d Two.
Rescue Diver Course Instructor Guide
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Skill and Technique Practice Use th e followin g n otes to coach studen t divers as they p ra ctice these skills:
1 . N o n sw im m in g Assi st s a.
D e m o n s t ra t e a n d p r a c ti ce p ro p e r t ec h n i q u e fo r t h r o w in g a l in e a n d retrieving a distressed diver ap prox ima tely 9 m etres/30 feet from shore/ boat.
b.
D isc u ss u se o f a st e rn o r t a g l i n e t ra i l ed b e h i n d a n a n c h o r e d ve sse l a s a rescue/a ssista n ce d evice.
c.
D e m o n s t ra t e a n d p r a c t ic e u si n g fl oa t s , su c h a s r es cu e b o a r d s, l ife r in g s , etc., to provide assistance to a diver, without making physical contact.
d.
D e m o n s t ra t e a n d p r a c t ic e u si n g “ m a k e sh i ft ” it e m s su c h a s BC Ds, fe n d e r buoys, and other buoyant objects to provide assistance to the distressed diver.
2 . En t r y C on s id e ra t io n s a.
A lw a y s r e sp o n d w i th a t le a s t m a s k , fi n s, sn o r k el a n d s o m e fo r m o f floatation.
b.
W h e n a n d w h e r e t o do n e q u i p m e n t d e p e n d s o n c ir cu m s ta n ce . [Re vi ew considerations a ppropriate to tra ining location.]
c.
To r ed u c e sw im m i n g d is ta n c e, a l wa y s en t e r wa t e r a t p o i n t n e a r e st t o victim.
d.
N e ve r en t e r th e w a t e r in a m a n n e r t h a t o b s tr u ct s y o u r vi ew o f t h e v ict im .
3. Egress with a Conscious Diver a.
If exit is difficult, allow victim to rest in order to sa ve energy for when it is needed most.
b.
If the victim is inca pa ble of a ssistin g him self, follow procedures for un con sciou s victim (covered in Exercise 8).
c.
Re vi ew t e ch n i q u e s a p p r o p r ia t e t o s p e ci fi c t r a i n in g l oca t i o n .
4 . Po st At te n d a n c e a.
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D isc u ss co n s id e ra t i o n s fo r h a n d l in g t h e v i ct im o n c e o u t o f th e w a t e r.
Three: Rescue Exercises in Open Water
Rescue Exercise 4 Distressed Diver Under Water Overview This exercise switches the student diver’s focus from surface rescues to assisting a diver experiencing problems underwater. During skills practice, divers deal with overexertion and out-of-air situations. For most divers, this will be a review of skills learned in entry-level training. Emphasize that as rescue divers, they need to be able to recognize these problems quickly and respond appropriately.
Procedures
Performance Requirements
1.
Re co m m e n d ed d ep t h is 9 m e tr es/ 3 0 feet.
2.
As si gn b u d d i e s r o le s a s “v ict im s” and “rescuers.”
3.
Vi ct im s t o si m u l a t e d is tr e ss/ o v er ex ertion by breathing rapidly and a p p e a r i n g t o b e n e a r e x h a u s t io n .
4.
At a d ist a n ce a p p r op ria t e fo r lo ca l condition s a n d visibility, th e rescuer is to respond a nd ta ke app ropria te action to assist the victim in regaining control and proper breathing rhythm.
5.
O n c e v ict im i s co m p o se d , h e is t o indica te, “out of air.”
6.
Re scu e r is t o e x ecu t e a n a lt er n a t e a ir-source ascent with th e victim.
By th e en d of th is session, th e diver will be a ble to: 1.
2.
D em o n s t ra t e pro f ic ie n c y i n id e n ti fy in g a n d r e sp o n d i n g t o a d i v e r e x p e r i e n c i n g d i s tr e ss / o v e r e x e rt i o n w h i l e u n d e r w a t e r . D em o n s tra t e p ro fi ci en c y a t c o n du c ti n g a n a l t e r n a t e -a i r -s o u r c e a s c e n t ( a s d o n o r ) w i t h a d i v e r si m u l a t i n g a n o u t -o f -a i r situation.
Skill and Technique Practice Use th e followin g n otes to coach studen t divers as th ey pra ctice these skills:
1. Dealing with Distress/Overexertion Wh ile Un der Wa ter. a.
H a v e vi ct im s t o p a l l a c t iv it y b y d em o n s t ra t i n g t h e h a n d s ig n a l st o p .
b.
M a i n t a i n p h y s ica l c o n t a c t t o su p p o r t / p r o vi d e ta c t il e fe ed b a c k t o v ict im .
c.
H a v e v ict im r e est a b lish n o rm a l br ea t h i n g r h yt h m .
d.
If possible, pla ce victim in contact with stationa ry object to fa cilitate resting.
2. Simula ted Out-of-a ir Em ergency. a.
b.
D iscu s s p r o p e r p r o ce d u r es a n d o p t io n s re la t i n g t o : •
wh ich reg u la t or to d on a t e.
•
a t ta ch m e n t o f re gu la t or.
•
a p p roa ch t o don or.
Re scu e r sh o u l d en s u r e th a t t h e vi ct im i s ca l m a n d h a s r e est a b l ish e d norm a l brea thing before initiating a scent.
Rescue Diver Course Instructor Guide
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Rescue Exercise 5 Missing Diver Overview During th is exercise, student d ivers organ ize a nd conduct a sea rch for a m issing diver. It’s best to ha ve divers look for a n object, rath er tha n a n a ctua l diver because a bub ble tra il ma y be too ea sy to spot. Review ba sic na vigation with divers who need a refresh er an d provide a th orough orienta tion to sea rch techn iques for th ose with little or no p reviou s experience.
Procedures
Performance Requirements
1.
Re vi ew m i ssi n g d i ve r p r o ce d u r es.
By th e en d of th is session, th e diver will be ab le to:
2.
Re vie w se a rch p a t te rn s a n d techn iques a ppropriate for area .
3.
O n sh o re, co n du ct a dr y ru n o f sea rch pa ttern (s).
D e m o n s t r a t e h o w t o q u i c k l y a n d e f f ic i e n t l y s e a r c h f o r a n d l o c a t e a m i s si n g d i v e r u si n g a n u n d e r w a t e r s ea r c h p a t t e rn p r e s c ri b e d b y t h e i n s t ru c t o r .
4.
In t ea m s , co n du ct a n u n d er wa t er sea rch for a sim ula ted m issing diver.
Skill and Technique Practice Use th e followin g n otes to coach studen t divers as th ey pra ctice these skills:
1. Missing Diver Procedures a.
D et er m i n e wh e r e t h e d iv er w a s la s t se en .
b.
Post spotters to watch for bubbles a nd to direct rescuers.
c.
Im m e d ia t e ly d is p a t ch t w o sk in d i v er s t o m a r k t h e l a st k n o w n l oc a t io n a nd to begin th e initial search (ha ve ma rker buoys ava ila ble).
d.
D e te r m i n e if d iv e r m a y h a v e l eft a r ea w i th o u t i n fo r m i n g a n y o n e .
e.
W h e n r e a d y, d isp a t ch scu b a t ea m s wit h e q u ip m e n t t o i n it ia t e u n d e r wa ter search.
2 . Un d e r wa t e r Se a r ch Te ch n iq u e s
3-8
a.
Est a b l ish a r e ca l l sy st e m t o a v o id d e la y o n c e di ve r is fo u n d .
b.
Never subject searchers to undu e dan ger from decompression sickness by allowing single-handed searching or by using inexperienced divers.
c.
Sin k , d o n o t sw im , t o t h e b o tt om in o r d er t o sim u la t e h o w a n u n c o n scious diver migh t be a ffected by current.
d.
If o n ly i n e x p e ri en c e d o r u n q u a l i fi ed d i ve r s a r e p r e se n t , co n d u c t t h e sea rch persona lly (with a bud dy) ra ther tha n coordina tin g the a ctivity.
e.
Te rm i n a t e t h e se a r ch i n 3 0 m i n u t e s i f t h e v ict im i s n o t fo u n d . Tu r n t h e search over to profession a ls.
Three: Rescue Exercises in Open Water
Rescue Exercise 6 Surfacing the Unconscious Diver Overview Th is exercise a llows stud ent divers to review an d p ra ctice using con trolled positive buoya ncy during a n a scent – first a lone a nd then with a diver simu lating u nconsciousness. Em ph a size proper position ing a n d control. Encoura ge divers to begin th inking a bout th e nex t rescue step wh en th ey rea ch the surface.
Procedures 1.
Re co m m e n d ed d ep t h is 7-9 m e tr es/ 25-30 feet.
2.
D em o n s t ra t e t h e u s e o f p o sit iv e b u o y a n c y a s a n a s ce n t a i d a n d a llow studen t divers to pra ctice.
3.
D em o n stra t e pro ced u res a n d options for surfacing a n u n conscious diver.
4.
H a ve st u de n t div er s p ra c tice severa l ascents a ttempting various options demon strated to determ ine m ost preferred procedure.
5.
Re m in d “ vict im s ” wh o a r e sim u l a t ing u nconsciousness to continu e n o r m a l b r e a t h i n g a t a l l t im e s .
Performance Requirements By th e en d of th is session, th e diver will be a ble to: 1.
D em o n s t ra t e th e u se o f c o n t ro l le d p o si t iv e b u o y a n c y a s a n a i d t o a s c e n t .
2.
D em o n stra t e h o w t o brin g a n u n co n s c i o u s d i ve r t o t h e s u r f a c e u s i n g b u o y a n c y c o n t r o l o f e i t h e r v ic t i m o r re s c u e r .
Skill and Technique Practice Use th e followin g n otes to coach studen t divers as th ey pra ctice these skills:
1. Positive Buoya n cy Ascen ts (without victim) a.
D em o n s t ra t e b o th m e ch a n i ca l a n d o ra l in f la t i on .
b.
Be p r ep a r ed t o ve n t e x ce ss a i r a t a l l t im e s.
c.
D e m o n s t ra t e h o w t o s lo w a s ce n t b y fl a r in g o u t , i f n e c es sa r y .
2. Surfacing a n Unconscious Diver. a.
Up o n d i sco v er in g t h e v ic ti m , t a k e n o t e o f t h e s it u a t i o n , b u t d o n o t w a s t e time. •
Ca u s e o f a c cid en t ob vio u s?
•
Eq uip m en t in pla ce?
• Po si ti on o f vi ct im r e la t i ve t o b o t to m (fa c e d o w n , fl oa t i n g o ff b o tt o m , etc.) b.
If re g u la t o r i s i n v ict im ’s m o u t h , h o ld i t in p l a c e d u r in g a sc en t .
c.
If regulator is not in victim’s mouth , don’t waste time tryin g to replace it.
d.
G ra s p vict im f ro m b e h i n d o r b y ta n k va l ve a n d m a i n t a i n h e a d i n a normal position.
Rescue Diver Course Instructor Guide
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e.
Esta blish positive buoya ncy (victim or rescuer); weights ma y also be removed a t this time.
f.
D o n o t h y p e r ex t e n d ( p u l l b a c k ) t h e v ict im ’s h e a d o r sq u e e ze t h e ch e s t.
g.
D u r in g t h e a sce n t , vi su a l ize wh a t t o d o u p o n r e a c h i n g t h e su r fa c e .
3. During Student Diver Pra ctice: a.
Wa t c h f o r c or re ct a n d e ffi ci en t p o s it io n i n g .
b.
A ll ow st u d e n t d iv er s t o ex p e r im e n t w it h w h e n , h o w a n d w h o je t ti so n s h is weights a n d inflates h is BCD.
c.
N o t e a n d d i sc u ss h o w t ec h n i q u e s m a y r eq u i re ch a n g e , if c on f ro n t e d w it h different equipm ent configurations.
Rescue Exercise 7 Unconscious Diver at the Surface Overview Th is exercise teach es stud ent d ivers to prepa re a n on brea th ing diver for resuscitation an d to u se va rious m ethods of inwa ter resuscitation. Properly a ttending to a n un conscious diver at th e surface is a foun da tiona l skill for a ll rescue divers. Divers who p rogress to lea dership-level cou rses are requ ired to dem on strate proficiency at this skill. Consider introducing techn iques in confined wa ter then progressing to open water pra ctice. Organ ize pra ctice to a void dropp ing or losing equipm ent. Encourage divers to experiment with various techniques and, if possible, to practice with victims who h ave d ifferent equipm ent configura tion s.
Procedures
Performance Requirements
1.
By th e en d of th is session, th e diver will be a ble to:
C on d u ct in i tia l de m o n st ra t io n a nd pra ctice in sha llow water.
2.
D iv id e cla s s in t o t ea m s a n d a ssign “victim s” an d “rescuers.”
3.
C on d u c t a r t ificia l re sp i ra t io n (four m ethods) in full scuba a nd in water too deep to sta n d up in .
4.
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Usin g t h e m o s t p r efe rr ed te ch nique, rescuers are to remove all equipm ent n ecessary for rem oval from water while continu ing to administer effective artificial respiration.
1.
D e m o n s tra t e t h e f o u r s te p s i n pre p a ri n g a v i c t im f o r in w a t e r r es u s c it a t i o n a t t h e surface.
2.
D e m o n s tra t e re su sc it a t io n in w a t e r t o o d e e p t o s ta n d u p i n .
3.
•
m o ut h -t o -m o ut h
•
m o ut h -t o -n o se
•
m o u th -t o-sn o rk el
•
p o c k e t m a sk
D em o n s tra t e th e a b il it y to r em o v e th e m a s k s , w e i g h t b e l t s a n d B CD / t a n k f r o m b o t h t h e v i c t i m a n d r e sc u e r w h i l e c o n t i n u i n g e f f e c t i v e re s u sc i t a t i o n i n w a t e r t o o d e e p t o s ta n d u p i n .
Three: Rescue Exercises in Open Water
Skill and Technique Practice Use th e following n otes to coach studen t divers a s they p ra ctice these skills:
1. Un conscious diver at the surfa ce (priorities) a.
C on f ir m t h a t t h e vict im is u n r esp o n s iv e.
b.
G et t h e v ict im ’s fa c e a b o v e wa t e r.
c.
Est a b lish b u oy a n cy.
d.
C h eck fo r r esp i ra t io n .
2. Inwa ter a rtificial respira tion a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
Prio rities •
Pr ev en t w a t er fro m e n t er in g a i r wa y.
•
M a in t a i n e ffe ct iv e a n d a d e qu a t e v en t ila t i on s .
•
Pa c e p h y sica l ex e rt io n t o a v o id ex h a u s tio n .
Bu o y a n c y — p r ov id e o n ly e n o u g h t o m a in t a i n c o m fo rt a b le a n d effective technique. •
Be ca r e fu l n o t to o ve rin f la t e BC D.
•
O ft e n b u o y a n c y fr o m e x p o su r e su i t i s su f fi ci en t .
•
Re m o v e w ei gh t s fr o m v ict im , a n d u s u a l ly re scu e r.
•
A d di ti on a l b u o ya n cy is o ft en h e l p fu l if p l a c ed b e t we en v ict im a nd rescuer.
Po sitio n in g •
d o-si-d o
•
h ea d cra dle
•
m ou th -to-n ose
Ven t ila t io n •
To a v o id su b m e rg in g t h e p a t i e n t , h e sh o u l d b e l ift e d t o wa r d t h e rescuer.
•
Ad m i n i st er t wo slo w, fu l l b r ea t h s .
•
In a d v e rse e n vir on m e n t a l co n d it io n s, co ve r m o u t h w h i le n o t ventilating.
•
Administer two slow, full breath s if interrup tions occur between ventilations.
M ou t h -t o-Sn o rk el •
Review snorkel types a cceptab le for effective techn ique.
•
Re vie w p o sit io n i n g of sn o r ke l, h a n d s a n d p a t i en t .
•
A lw a y s a d m i n i st e r t w o sl ow, fu l l b r ea t h s v ia m o u t h - to -m o u t h , then proceed to m outh -to-snorkel.
Pocket Ma sk — review procedures for use (note m a nu fa cturer’s instructions).
3 . Eq u ip m e n t Re m o va l a.
Equipm ent removal is a lwa ys a second a ry priority to a dm inistering effective ventilations.
b.
W h e n a n d w h a t e qu i p m e n t r eq u i re s r em o v a l d e p en d s u p o n :
c.
•
d ista n ce to ex it
•
typ e of ex it
•
size of p a tien t
•
size a n d ca p a b ilit ie s o f r escu e r
•
typ e o f eq u ip m en t used
Re m o v e eq u i p m e n t in s t a g e s o r sh o r t st ep s so t h a t v en t i la t i o n s a r e n o t interrupted.
Rescue Diver Course Instructor Guide
3-11
Rescue Exercise 8 Egress with an Unconscious Diver Overview This exercise allows student divers to try various egress techniques suitable for the local open water environment. Stress that the rescuer’s size as compared to the victim’s size is an important consideration for choosing the appropriate technique. If possible, conduct this exercise at a site with varying physical characteristics for broader egress practice – for example, a sandy beach that also has a low pier.
Procedures 1.
D em o n s tr a te u n a ssist ed e g re ss (exit) techn iques ap propriate to loca l area.
2.
H a ve d iv er s p ra c tice in t e a m s .
3.
D em o n s t ra t e a s sist ed e gr ess te ch niqu es a ppropriate to local area.
4.
H a ve d iv er s p ra c tice in t e a m s .
Performance Requirements By th e en d of th is session, th e diver will be ab le to: D e m o n s t ra t e h o w t o r em o v e a n u n c o n s c io u s d i v e r, b o t h w i t h a n d w i t h o u t a s s i s ta n c e , f ro m t h e w a t e r a t a n o p e n w a t e r lo c a t i o n t y p ic a l of the local area.
Skill and Technique Practice Use th e followin g n otes to coach studen t divers as they p ra ctice these skills:
1 . Ge n er a l C o n sid er a t io n s a.
Fo r a n o n b r ea t h i n g v ict im , m a i n p r i or it y is m a i n t a i n in g c o n t in u o u s ventilations.
b.
Fo r b r ea t h i n g v ict im , m a i n p r i o ri ty i s cl ose m o n i t or in g t o e n s u r e co n t i n ued breathing.
c.
If v en t ila t i on s m u s t b e in t e rr u p t ed :
d.
•
N e ve r in t e rr u p t ve n t ila t io n s lo n g er t h a n 3 0 se co n d s.
•
I f p o ss ib l e, a d m i n is te r tw o ve n t il a t io n s p r io r to in t e r ru p t i o n a n d readminister two slow, full breaths prior to initiating ventilations again.
C a l l fo r a s si st a n c e a s so o n a s p os si b le .
2. Techn iques for egress onto shore
3-12
a.
D r a g (M a y b e m o s t fe a s ib l e fo r sm a l l re scu e r. )
b.
Firem a n ’s ca r ry
c.
Sa d d leb a ck ca r ry
d.
Pa ckstra p c a rr y
e.
Su r f ex i t (i f a p p r o p r ia t e f or a r e a ) a s si st e d a n d u n a s si st e d
f.
Ro ck y ex i t (i f a p p r o p r ia t e fo r a r e a ) a s si st e d a n d u n a s si st e d
g.
Tw o-p e rso n ca r r y
h.
A n y o t h e r e x it te ch n i q u e s a p p r o p r ia t e t o l oca l a r e a Three: Rescue Exercises in Open Water
3. Techn iques for egress onto boa t, dock or other steep vertical exit a.
Roll-u p
b.
Use o f b a c kb o a r d (if a v a i la b l e)
c.
St a n d a r d life sa v in g lift
d.
La d d e r ca r r y (if a v a i la b l e)
e.
A n y o t h e r e x it te ch n i q u e s a p p r o p r ia t e t o l oca l a r e a
Rescue Exercise 9 First Aid for Pressure-Related Accidents Overview In th is exercise, stud ent divers pra ctice providin g em ergency care to a diver suffering from decompression illness. Have divers set up an oxygen unit and stress th e imp orta n ce of oxygen in d ivin g a ccidents. If possible, ha ve different oxygen u nits a n d pocket ma sks available for expa n ded practice.
Performance Requirements By th e en d of th is session, th e diver will be a ble to: D e m o n s t r a t e th e r e c o m m e n d e d f i rs t a i d p r o c e d u re s f o r a s u s p e c t e d l u n g o v e r e x p a n s i o n i n j u r y o r s e ri o u s d e c o m p r e s si o n s i c k n e s s.
Rescue Diver Course Instructor Guide
Procedures 1.
Re vie w PAD I Accid e n t Ma n a g e m en t Work Slate.
2.
D em o n s tr a te a n d p r a ct ice p r op e r position ing of pa tient. Discuss use of backboards an d other ma keshift item s to ma inta in diver comfort.
3.
Re vie w p r oce d u re s fo r u se o f nonresuscitator demand valve a nd /or free flow oxygen equipment.
4.
Re vie w u s e o f p o ck et m a s k wit h o x y g en w h e n a d m i n ist e ri n g a rtificial respira tion.
5.
Review Emergency Management from Section Three of th e PADI Rescue Diver Manual . 3-13
Rescue Exercise 10 Response from Shore/Boat (Unconscious Victim) Overview Th is exercise com bines m ost of th e skills stud en t divers h a ve pra cticed in p revious exercises. It involves assessing an emergency situation, organizing a plan a nd respon ding from a boa t or shore to the needs of a n u ncon scious, non breath ing diver. The goal is to provide student divers with a n opportun ity to a pply th e skills an d kn owledge presented th rough out th is course to a realistic scenario.
Performance Requirements By th e en d of th is session, th e diver will be a ble to: D e m o n s t ra t e w i t h m i n i m a l a s si st a n c e , t h e a p p l i c a t i o n o f i n w a t e r r e su s c i ta t i o n , e g r e s s a n d a p p r o p r ia t e f i r st a i d p r o c e d u r e s a s a s i n g l e i n t e g r a t e d a c t i v i t y u n d e r r e a l i s ti c conditions.
Procedures 1.
D iv id e cla s s in t o fo u r -p e rso n t e a m s (victim , rescuer, assistan t a n d e q u i p m e n t h a n d l er ).
2.
Po sit io n vict im a n d eq u ip m e n t ha nd ler 50-100 metres/ya rds offshore. Ha ve victim on surface sim ula te un consciousness.
3.
Re scu e r (w it h o u t scu b a ) en t e rs water, responds to victim and initiates a rtificial respiration .
4.
Re scu e r tr a n s p or ts vict im t ow a r d shore/boat, removing equipment as needed.
5.
N ea r sh o r e/ b o a t , r escu e r ca l ls fo r a ssistan t. With a id of a ssistan t a n d while continuing artificial respiration, victim is removed from th e water an d a ppropriate first aid m e a su r e s a r e t a k e n ( a s su m e p a t ie n t h a s a p u l se b u t i s n o t breathing).
6.
Alt er n a t e ro le s a n d r ep e a t ex e rcise .
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Three: Rescue Exercises in Open Water
Rescue Exercise 11 Diving Accident Scenario One (Underwater Search) Overview Durin g this exercise, studen t divers a re asked to respond to a m issin g diver situa tion with little or no coa chin g from th e staff. Th is scena rio allows th em to realistically app ly the emergency ma n a gemen t an d sea rch techn iques they developed in previous exercises. Emphasize that this is not a test, but an opportunity to practice and strengthen skills. Repeat the scenario as necessary to build confidence, improve student diver performance and allow everyone to play different roles.
Procedures
Performance Requirements
1.
A div er (st a ff m e m b e r ) su r fa c es a n d i n d i ca t e s th a t h e h a s l o st contact with h is buddy.
2.
Th e re isn ’t a n a c cu r a te d et er m in a t io n o f d e p th a n d t i m e .
3.
Li tt le , i f a n y ot h e r d ir e ct io n sh o u l d be provided at the briefing (other tha n p reassignm ent of the divem a ster) as the degree of prepa redness an d respon se is wha t is being evaluated. Staff should provide no a dditiona l com m ents, except in th e interest of sa fety, on ce the exercise h as com m enced.
4.
Th e “ lo st d iv er ” sh o u ld b e a n object rath er tha n a person, a s a diver’s bub ble tra il could give awa y location. Be sure to inform student divers of this at briefing.
By th e en d of th is session, th e diver will be a ble to: D e m o n s t r a t e a p r o c e d u r e f o r lo c a t i n g a l o s t d i v e r t h r o u g h p a r t ic i p a t i o n i n a n a c c i d e n t simulation. Procedure to include: •
In te rv ie w in g t h e v ic tim ’s bu dd y a nd d ra w i n g l o g i c a l c o n c l u s io n s f r o m t h e conditions present
•
Org a n iz in g a n d c on du ctin g a q uic k, e f f e c t iv e s e a r c h ( su r f a c e a n d u n derwater)
Evaluation Criteria Use the following questions to evaluate student diver performance:
1. Were duties an d tasks quickly delegated? 2. Were a ll the n ecessa ry tasks a ssigned? (spotters a n d skin divers to initia te search a nd m a rk area, scuba divers with search equ ipmen t, etc.)
3 . Wa s t h e se a r ch m e th o d a p p r o p ria t e fo r th e a r ea ? I f n o t , wh y ? 4. Wa s the search conducted in a n effective an d efficient m a nn er? If not, why? 5. Wa s the victim found ? If so, h ow long a fter notifica tion of divem a ster? If n ot, how long did sea rch continu e un til divem a ster con ta cted authorities? 6. Wha t wa s the overall evalua tion of the exercise? Rescue Diver Course Instructor Guide
3-15
Rescue Exercise 12 Diving-Accident Scenario Two (Response, Egress and Management) Overview Th is exercise requ ires stud ent divers to use a ll the skills an d kn owledge th ey’ve a cquired through out th e course to m a na ge a diving a ccident scene. This goal is to develop a n d a ssess th e studen t diver’s ab ility to work with a group of divers to effectively rescue a n injured d iver. Em ph a size tha t th is is n ot a test, bu t a n opportunity to practice and strengthen skills. Repeat the scenario as necessary to build confidence, improve student diver performa nce a n d a llow everyone to play differen t roles.
Procedures 1.
A d iv er (st a ff m e m b e r) su r fa c es, calls or sign a ls for a ssista n ce an d a bruptly disapp ears from th e surface.
2.
Th e “ vi ct im ” r et u r n s t o t h e b ot to m a nd assum es a m otionless position, sim ula ting un consciousness (though continuing to breathe). Instruct student divers to assume victim is not b reath ing.
3.
4.
3-16
Lit tle , if a n y, a d d it io n a l in f or m a tion should be provided a t the briefing (other th a n preassignm ent of the divem a ster) a s the degree of prepa redness a nd response is what is being evaluated. Staff should provide no a dditiona l com m ents, except in th e interest of sa fety, on ce the exercise h a s com m enced.
Performance Requirements By th e en d of th is session, th e diver will be a ble to: D e m o n s t ra t e t h e o r g a n i z a t i o n o f a g r o u p o f d i v e r s t o e f f e c t i v e l y re s p o n d t o l o c a t e , su r f a c e , t ra n s p o r t a n d e g r e s s a n u n c o n s c i o u s n o n b r e a t h i n g d i v e r, u s in g a p p r o p r ia t e f i r s t a i d p r o c e d u r e s, s i te c o n t r o l a n d s u m m o n i n g m e d i c a l a s s i st a n c e , t h r o u g h p a r ti c i p a t i o n i n a n a c c i d e n t si m u l a t i o n .
C la s s is t o e m p lo y a p p r op ria t e procedures to bring a bout th e following: a . Re co ve r v ict im f ro m t h e bottom. b . Pr o vi d e a r t i fi ci a l re sp i ra t i o n . c. Tra n sp ort a n d rem o ve equipment. d . Ex it fr om t h e w a t er w it h v ict im . e . P ro v id e n e ce ssa r y fi rst a i d . f. Co n tro l scen e a n d su m m o n assistance. Three: Rescue Exercises in Open Water
Evaluation Criteria Use the following questions to evaluate student diver performance:
1.
Wa s t h e n a t u r e o f t h e p r o ble m p r o p e rly a s se sse d ?
2.
We re d u t ie s a n d t a s ks qu i ck ly a s sig n e d ?
3.
We re a l l t h e n e ce ssa r y t a s ks a ssig n e d ?
4.
Were the techn iques used to surfa ce the victim effective? If n ot, why?
5.
Wa s a r t ificia l r e sp i ra t io n a d m i n i st er ed i m m e d ia t e ly a n d m a i n t a i n e d effectively a t th e prop er ra te? If n ot, identify problem s.
6.
Wa s e q u ip m e n t r em o v a l d o n e i n a n e ffe ct iv e m a n n e r? If n o t, id e n t ify problems.
7.
Wa s t h e e x it t e ch n iq u e u s ed e ffe ct iv e a n d a p p r o p ria t e f or t h e p a r ticula r situa tion/location? If n ot, why?
8.
Were proper an d effective first-a id procedures performed? If n ot, wha t shou ld ha ve been done?
9.
Wa s t h e a c cid e n t sce n e m a i n t a i n e d in a co n t r ol le d m a n n e r? If n o t , wha t else could ha ve been done?
10. Were the a ppropriate au thorities conta cted? 11. How long did the en tire exercise take from beginn ing to end? 12. Wha t was the overall evalua tion of the exercise?
Rescue Diver Course Instructor Guide
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