6 Notion geotechnique.doc

NOTION DE GEOTECHNIQUE

Pr ofesseur

1

M.L.ABIDI

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1. Classi Classific ficati ation on des sols sols 1.1. .1.

CARACTÉRI ÉRISTIQU IQUES PH PHYSIQU IQUES DES DES SOLS

Poids volumique teneur en eau indice des vides

gh

[!"#

%$e poids volumique du sol humide dans l’état où il se trouve;

gd

[!"#

%$le poids volumique sec (après expulsion de l’eau libre);

gw

[!&#

%$le poids volumique de l’eau, égal à ,!" !"#$

g

#$%&m' 

le poids volumique des grains solides (en général compris dans la ourchette *+ à *! $%&m')

w

#

la teneur en eau rapport du poids d’eau au poids de sol sec;

w sat 

['%

la teneur en eau à saturation l’eau garnit tous les vides

 s

e

l’indice des ides, rapport du volume des vides (air - eau) au volume des grains;

n

la porosité, rapport du volume des vides au volume total;

.r

#

le taux de saturation, rapport du volume d’eau au volume des vides;

[!"#$(

le poids volumique du sol saturé;

g

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1.).

*+an,lo#-t+ie

). LA CLASSIICA CLASSIICATIO! TIO! DES SOLS

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Le C.P.C 0a+ocain des t+aa,2 +o,tie+s classe les sols s,iant la classification L.P.C 3 cette classification 4e, ad-5,ate 4o,+ les t+aa,2 de te++asse#ents se 6ase ,ni5,e#ent s,+ les  4a+a#7t+es de nat,+e nat,+e 8 saoi+ la 9+an,la+it9+an,la+it- et l:a+9ilosit-. l:a+9ilosit-. La classification ,tilis-e est; < Les classes A= >=C= D 4o,+ les sols #e,6les < La classe R 4o,+ les #at-+ia,2 d:o+i9ine +oc?e,se < La classe  4o,+ les sols o+9ani5,es et les so,s 4+od,its ind,st+iels. Elle est co#4l-t-e 4a+ l:int+od,ction de; < La classe des sols ti+se,2 et la classe des sols t,fac-s 4o,+ les sols #e,6les. < Les so,s.S .>.S ca+act-+ise #ie,2 les sols les #oins a+9ile,2= l:indice de 4lasticit- Bca+act-+ise #ie,2 les sols #oenne#ent 8 t+7s a+9ile,2. ).1 .6@ Les 4a+a#7t+es de co#4o+te#ent #-cani5,e #-cani5,e ; 5,i sont la d,+et- Los An9eles= An9eles= la +-sistance 8 l:,s,+e 0ic+o ; WPo,+ les sols A1 l:essai 8 4+iil-9ie+ est la >S.

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So,s 11 si S   So,s 1) si S   

$" ; So,s classe des sa6les 4e, a+9ile,2

G Ta#isat 8 )##J' G Ta#isat 8 K #  1)' G >S=) So,s )1 si S   So,s )) si S  



$# ; So,sS  =) So,s $1 LA  / et 0DE  / So,s $) si LA  / o, 0DE  / 

$); So,sS  =) So,s /1 si LA  / et 0DE  / So,s /) si LA  / o, 0DE / silte,2 G Ta#isat 8 K ## co#4+is ent+e 1)' et $ ' G >SV 1= Bo, IPV1)@ 

$* ; So,s.S =l et ,n ta#isat 8 K #  1)'. Cette classe contient ) so,s classes 5,i se 4+-sentent co##e s,it ; 

D! so,sR 

o

les da#es de co#4acta9e P+octo+ no+#al et P+octo+ #odifi-.

o

Un ense#6le d:accessoi+es

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tene,+ en ea, 4o,+ la5,elle on e,t -al,e+ la



t+afica6ilit

#asse ol,#i5,e o6ten,e 8 l:-ne+9ie l: -ne+9ie P+octo+ no+#al.

)0 E'-c&tion & 5oinonnement 

#ett+e en contact la s,+face s,4-+ie,+e de l:-4+o,ette aec le 4iston



initialise+ les dis4ositifs de #es,+e des fo+ces et des enfonce#ents



e2-c,te+ le 4oinonne#ent en #aintenant la itesse de 4-n-t+ation 8 1 =)J ##"#in

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

densito#7t+e 8 #e#6+ane

"0 oe o5-ratoire 4&r le terrain 

A+ase+ la s,+face d, sol= 4ose+ la 4la5,e de 6ase et l:anc+e+ solide#ent a, sol.



i2e+ le densito#7t+e 8 la 4la5,e de 6ase= et fai+e ,ne 4+e#i7+e lect,+e  1. P+ati5,e+ a, niea, d, #at-+ia,= dans le ce+cle int-+ie,+ de la 4la5,e de 6ase



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!=0 Essai  la 5la3&e O$6ET

L:essai :essai consiste consiste 8 #es,+e+ #es,+e+== 8 l:aide l:aide d:,n d:,n a44a+eil a44a+eilla9e la9e s4-ci s4-cifi5,e fi5,e== le d-4lac d-4lace#en e#entt e+tical d:,n 4oint de la s,+face d, sol sit,- so,s ,ne 4la5,e +i9ide c?a+9-e. Cet essai #es,+e la d-fo+#a6ilitd-fo+#a6ilit- d:,ne 4late