6 Input Output Devices

Seminar in Computer Science - 236801

Input/Output Devices

1864

Typewriter

9 QWERTY, Christopher Sholes 9 52% Q W E R T Y U I O P 32% A S D F G H J K L ; ' 16% Z X C V B N M , . /

Alona Sorin

1910

1865

Teletype

Writing Ball 9 Rasmus Malling-Hansen

9 1910: first commercial installation of a printing telegraph

9 different placements of the letters on the keys

9 trademark used for a teletypewriter \ teleprinter

9 electromagnetic escapement for the ball

9 1957: 300 WPM

9 1915: 30 or 50 WPM

9 the first electric typewriter

1954

Drum Printer

1959

Line Printer

9 1954: UNIVAC, UNIPRINTER, Earl Masterson 9 typewriter with an attached tape drive 9 first commercially available high speed printer 9 600 LPM, 130 CPL

9 IBM 1403, 600 LPM 9 600-1200 LPM ( 10-20 PPM) 9 a lot of noise 9 were always enclosed in sound-absorbing cases of varying sophistication 9 not expensive

1

1959

Plotter 9 graphics printer that draws images with ink pens 9 1959: Calcomp 560, first computer graphics output devices sold 9 1970: Hewlett Packard and Tektronix desk-sized flatbed plotters

1970

Dot Matrix Printer 9 impact matrix printer 9 the oldest of the three technologies used in most of today’s printers

1961

IBM Selectric Printer 9 pivoting typeball 9 different fonts 9 14.8 CPS 9 high quality printed output

Dot Matrix Printer 9each character as a group of small dots

9 1970: 165 CPS ,$2,995

9tiny metal rod, also called a "wire" or "pin“

9 1977: speed of 240 CPS

9one or two columns of dot hammers

9 1983: ImageWriter, $675

9speeds range from 200 to 400 cps

Dot Matrix Printer Few of the more common problems :

Inkjet Printer 9 non-impact method 9 canister of ink instead of ribbon

9 light or poor print quality

9 three ink colors (cyan, magenta and yellow)

9 paper jams

9 black ink for pure black printing

9 missing print

9 propelling tiny droplets of liquid ink onto paper

9 paper out

9 higher quality text than dot matrix printers

9 dark smudges 9 flecks of ink

2

1964

Inkjet Printer

1867

9 1867: William Thomson

9 Thermal Ink Jet

9 1951: first commercial model, Siemens

9 Piezoelectric Ink Jet

9 one of the oldest ink jet technologies in use and is fairly mature

9 Continuous Ink Jet

1977

Drop on Demand Method

9 control a continuous inkjet droplet stream direction onto the printed media or into a gutter

1964

9 small resistive heating pins melt wax-based ink onto ordinary paper or burn dots onto special coated paper

9 thermal , piezoelectric 9 ejects ink droplets only when they are needed

9 typically 300dpi 9 specialist applications

9 faster and more quietly than dot matrix printers

Electrophotography

Thermal Wax Printer 9 dye-sublimation and solid ink

9 Siemens, PT-80

1938

Continuous Ink Jet Technology

Technologies to control the flow of ink:

1948

Xerography 9“dry writing”

9 Chester Carlson 9 Xerography 910-22-38 ASTORIA

9a dry photographic or photocopying process 9used in copy machines, laser and LED printers 9officially announced in 1948

9 $150,000,000

3

1949

Xerography 9General Electric, Eastman Kodak, IBM 9Haloid Company - 1949 9 Xerox Corporation

1972

Laser Printer

9 1970 – 1971: Gary Starkweather - Scanned Laser Output Terminal, “SLOT” 9 1972: Butler Lampson and Ronald Rider – control system 9 EARS: Ethernet, Alto, Research character generator, Scanned laser output terminal 9 first laser printer 9 base of the Xerox 9700

1978

Xerox 9700

Laser Printer

9 Xerox 9700 laser printing system 9 industry's first commercial laser printer

9 electrostatic charges

9 120 pages per minute

9 "painting" a negative of the page to be printed on the charged drum

9 fastest commercial laser printer 9 huge

9 where light falls, the charge is dissipated, leaving a positive image to be printed

Laser Printer 9 high quality text and graphics on plain paper 9 fastest models can print over 200 monochrome pages per minute (12,000 pages per hour)

Color Laser Printer 9 CMYK colored toner (cyan, yellow, and magenta ) 9 complexity of the printing process 9 each of the four inks is applied to the drum before the page is printed

4

1936

9 inkjet

22% ' , . P Y F G C R L ? 70% A O E U I D H T N S 8% ; Q J K X B M W V Z

9 impact 9 piezo electric

9 One-handed versions

9 thermal wax 9 laser

9 AZERTY

9 thermal bubble

AZERTYUIOP QSDFGHJKLM% WXCVBN?./

9 dye sublimation 9daisy-wheel 9 bubblejet

Non-Traditional Keyboards

1952

Simplified

9 1936: August DVORAK

9 dot matrix

Right-handed

9 drum

Keyboard

Left-handed

Printer Technologies

Light Pen / Gun 9 photosensitive device 9 1952: handmade prototype of a "light gun“, Whirlwind Project at MIT 9 1957: Lincoln TX-0 computer at the MIT Lincoln Laboratory

1964

Graphics Tablet

1963

Early Mouse

9 sketching new images or tracing old ones

9 1963: Douglas Engelbart, Stanford Research Institute

9 1964: RAND Tablet, ( Grafacon Graphic Converter)

9 one button on top and two wheels on the underside

9 1984: Koala Pad, first home computer graphics tablet

9 device with its long cable tail looked something like a mouse

5

1972

Mechanical Mice

1980

9 1972: Bill English, ball mouse, part of the hardware package of the Xerox Alto computer

9 1980: Steve Kirsch, Mouse Systems Corporation, infrared light-emitting diodes and a four-quadrant infrared sensor

9 rubber or metal ball rotates in any direction 9 mechanical sensors detect the direction

1999

Optical Mouse 9 optical mouse sensor, developed by Agilent Technologies 9 a tiny camera takes thousands of pictures every second 9 most optical mice use a small, red light-emitting diode

References:

Optomechanical Mice 9 optical sensors detects motion of the ball

9 1981: Richard F. Lyon, 16-pixel visible-light image sensor with integrated motion detection, sold by Xerox

1998

Laser Mouse

9 1998 : Sun Microsystems 9 2004: Logitech with Agilent Technologies introduced MX 1000 9 infrared laser instead of an LED 9 wireless mouse

References:

¾ http://www.answers.com/

¾ http://img.alibaba.com/

¾ http://en.wikipedia.org/

¾ http://www.askoki.co.uk/

¾ http://computer.howstuffworks.com/

¾ http://www.pctechguide.com/

¾ http://www.about.com

¾ http://www.askoki.co.uk/

¾ http://www.osp.ru/

¾ http://www.parc.xerox.com/

¾ http://news.softpedia.com/

¾ http://www.new-tex.ru/

¾ http://www.computerhope.com/

¾ http://www.pcmag.com/

¾http://images.encarta.msn.com/

¾ http://www.netpcdirect.co.uk/

¾http://www.princeton.edu/~jdonald/emulation/

¾ http://inventors.about.com/ ¾http://www.index.co.il/dfus/

6