574324593.pdf

ORGANIZATION DEVB.OPMENT The Process of Leading Organizational Change

DONALD L ANDERSON University of Denver

®SAGE Los Angeles * London • New Delhi • Singapore • Washington DC

Contents

Preface

ix

1. What Is Organization Development? Organization Development Defined Change Is a Constant Pressure What Organization Development Looks Like What Organization Development Is Not Who This Book Is For Overview of the Book Analyzing Case Studies Summary

1 2 3 4 8 10 10 12 14

2. History of Organization Development Laboratory Training and T-Groups Action Research and Survey Feedback Management Practices Quality and Employee Involvement Organizational Culture Change Management, Strategic Change, and Reengineering Organizational Learning Organizational Effectiveness and Employee Engagement Summary

15 16 18 21 24 26 28 29 31 32

3. Core Values and Ethics of Organization Development Defining Values Why Are Values Important to the OD Practitioner? Core Values of Organization Development Changes to OD Values Over Time and the Values Debate Challenges to Holding Organization Development Values Statement of Organization Development Ethics Summary Appendix

35 36 36 37 43 45 46 46 48

CASE STUDY 1: ANALYZING OPPORTUNITIES FOR ORGANIZATION DEVELOPMENT WORK AT NORTHERN COUNTY LEGAL SERVICES

55

4. Foundations of Organizational Change Levels and Characteristics of Organizational Change Models of Organizational Change: Systems Theory and Social Construction Approaches Organizations as Systems Organizations as Socially Constructed . Summary

59 61 62 62 74 81

5. The Organization Development Practitioner and the Consulting Process The Consulting Relationship and Types of Consulting The Organization Development Consulting Model OD Practitioners: Who Are They and Where Do They Work? The Organization Development Consulting Profession The OD Consulting Process and Action Research Summary

83 84 86 88 91 93 98

6. Entry and Contracting Entry Contracting Summary

101 102 105 116

7. Data Gathering The Importance of Data Gathering Presenting Problems and Underlying Problems Data Gathering Process Data Gathering Methods Creating a Data Gathering Strategy and Proposing an Approach Ethical Issues With Data Gathering Summary

117 118 119 120 120 137 141 141

CASE STUDY 2: PROPOSING A DATA GATHERING STRATEGY AT AEROTECH, INC.

8. Diagnosis and Feedback Diagnosis: Discovery, Assessment, Analysis, and Interpretation Finding Patterns by Analyzing Data Interpreting Data Selecting and Prioritizing Themes Feedback Recognizing Resistance Ethical Issues With Diagnosis and Giving Feedback Summary

143

149 150 152 158 159 161 163 166 167

CASE STUDY 3: SORTING THROUGH THE DATA FROM LOGAN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL

169

9. An Introduction to Interventions Interventions Defined Why Interventions Fail

173 175 176

Considerations in Selecting the Right Intervention Strategy ,Structuring and Planning Interventions for Success The Change Agent's Role in the Intervention Ethical Issues With Interventions Overview of Intervention Techniques Summary 10. Individual Interventions Individual Change and Reactions to Change Individual Instruments and Assessments Coaching Mentoring 360 Feedback Career Planning and Development Summary CASE STUDY 4: REORGANIZING HUMAN RESOURCES AT ASP SOFTWARE

11. Team Interventions Defining Teams What Makes a Successful Team? Special Types of Teams Team Development Team-Building Interventions Intergroup Interventions Summary CASE STUDY 5: SOLVING TEAM CHALLENGES AT DOCSYSTEMS BILLING, INC.

12. Whole Organization and Multiple Organization Interventions Characteristics of Contemporary Large-Scale Interventions Organizational Culture Assessment and Change Organization Design and Structure Directional Interventions Quality and Productivity Interventions Mergers and Acquisitions Transorganization or Interorganization Development Summary CASE STUDY 6: THE FUTURE OF THE CROSSROADS CENTER

13. Sustaining Change, Evaluating, and Ending an Engagement Sustaining Change After the Intervention Evaluation Ending an Engagement: Separation and Exit Summary

180 185 188 189 190 190 193 194 196 200 203 204 206 210 211

217 218 219 220 224 224 243 248 250

259 261 262 265 275 285 289 293 295 298

303 304 309 315 317

14. The Future of Organization Development Increasing Complexity of Change Globalization Changing Workforce Demographics Changing Nature of Work The Current State of OD: Strengths, Weaknesses, and Opportunities Summary

319 319 321 324 326

References

333

Index

355

About the Author

369

329 332