538074-001-d Motorola SEM-V8 Manual

I N S TA LLAT I ON & OPE RA T ION M A N UA L

SEM V8 SmartStream Encryptor Modulator Software Version 7.1.x Replaces: 538074-001-c

CAUTION These servicing instructions are for use by qualified personnel only. To reduce the risk of electrical shock, do not perform any servicing other than that contained in the Installation and Troubleshooting Instructions unless you are qualified to do so. Refer all servicing to qualified service personnel.

SPECIAL SYMBOLS THAT MIGHT APPEAR ON THE EQUIPMENT This symbol indicates that dangerous voltage levels are present within the equipment. These voltages are not insulated and may be of sufficient strength to cause serious bodily injury when touched. The symbol may also appear on schematics.

The exclamation point, within an equilateral triangle, is intended to alert the user to the presence of important installation, servicing, and operating instructions in the documents accompanying the equipment.

For continued protection against fire, replace all fuses only with fuses having the same electrical ratings marked at the location of the fuse.

Electrostatic discharge (ESD) can damage the SEM unit and circuit card assemblies. Wear an antistatic wrist strap attached to a chassis ground to prevent ESD damage.

This equipment operates over the marked Voltage and Frequency range without requiring manual setting of any selector switches. Different types of line cord sets may be used for connections to the mains supply circuit and should comply with the electrical code requirements of the country of use. This equipment requires a grounding conductor in the line cord.

WARNING: TO PREVENT FIRE OR SHOCK HAZARD, DO NOT EXPOSE THIS APPLIANCE TO RAIN OR MOISTURE. THE APPARATUS SHALL NOT BE EXPOSED TO DRIPPING OR SPLASHING AND NO OBJECTS FILLED WITH LIQUIDS, SUCH AS VASES, SHALL BE PLACED ON THE APPARATUS. CAUTION: TO PREVENT ELECTRICAL SHOCK, IF THIS UNIT IS PROVIDED WITH A POLARIZED PLUG, DO NOT CONNECT THE PLUG INTO AN EXTENSION CORD, RECEPTACLE, OR OTHER OUTLET UNLESS THE PLUG CAN BE FULLY INSERTED WITH NO PART OF THE BLADES EXPOSED. CAUTION: TO ENSURE REGULATORY AND SAFETY COMPLIANCE, USE ONLY THE PROVIDED POWER CABLES. It is recommended that the customer install an AC surge arrestor in the AC outlet to which this device is connected. This is to avoid damaging the equipment by local lightning strikes and other electrical surges.

FCC COMPLIANCE This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the Installation Manual, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause harmful interference in which case

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the user will be required to correct the interference at his/her own expense. Any changes or modifications not expressly approved by Motorola could void the user’s authority to operate this equipment under the rules and regulations of the FCC.

CANADIAN COMPLIANCE This Class A digital apparatus complies with Canadian ICES-003. Cet appareil numérique de la classe A est conforme à la norme NMB-003 du Canada.

FDA COMPLIANCE This product meets the requirements of the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21, Chapter I, Subchapter J, Sections 1010.2, 1010.3, 1040.10, and 1040.11.

IEC COMPLIANCE This product meets the IEC60825-1 requirements for a CLASS 1 LASER PRODUCT. International Declaration of Conformity We

Motorola, Inc. 101 Tournament Drive Horsham, PA 19044, U.S.A.

declare under our sole responsibility that the SmartStream Encryption Modulator v7

Model SEM v7

to which this declaration relates is in conformity with one or more of the following standards: EMC Standards EN55022

EN55024

EN55013

EN50083-2

CISPR-22

CISPR-24

CISPR-13

EN60825

EN50083-1

EN60950

IEC 60950 + A1: 1992 + A2: 1993 + A3: 1995 + A4: 1996

Safety Standards EN60065 IEC60065 following the provisions of the Directive(s) of the Council of the European Union: EMC Directive 89/336/EEC

Directive 93/68/EEC

Low Voltage Directive 73/23/EEC

CARING FOR THE ENVIRONMENT BY RECYCLING When you see this symbol on a Motorola product, do not dispose of the product with residential or commercial waste.

Recycling your Motorola Equipment Please do not dispose of this product with your residential or commercial waste. Some countries or regions, such as the European Union, have set up systems to collect and recycle electrical and electronic waste items. Contact your local authorities for information about practices established for your region. If collection systems are not available, call Motorola Customer Service for assistance.

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© 2008 Motorola, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means or used to make any derivative work (such as translation, transformation, or adaptation) without written permission from Motorola, Inc. Motorola reserves the right to revise this publication and to make changes in content from time to time without obligation on the part of Motorola to provide notification of such revision or change. Motorola provides this guide without warranty of any kind, implied or expressed, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. Motorola may make improvements or changes in the product(s) described in this manual at any time. MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. MediaCipher is a registered trademark of Motorola. Pentium is a registered trademark of Intel Corporation. Microsoft, Windows, Windows NT and Windows XP are either trademarks or registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the U.S. and/or other countries. Microsoft product screen shot(s) reprinted with permission from Microsoft Corporation. Sun, Java and all other Java-based marks are trademarks or registered trademarks of Sun Microsystems, Inc. in the U.S. and other countries. Netscape Navigator is a registered trademark of Netscape Communications Corporation. UNIX is a registered trademark of The Open Group. Linux is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds. Infineon Technologies is a trademark of Infineon Technologies AG. Finisar is a trademark of the Finisar Corporation. Optical Communications Products and OCP are trademarks of Optical Communications Products, Inc. Methode Electronics is a trademark of Methode Electronics, Inc. Agilent Technologies is a trademark of Agilent Technologies, Inc. The following websites are not sponsored, affiliated, or controlled by Motorola, Inc.: www.netscape.com, www.microsoft.com, www.infineon.com, www.ocpinc.com, www.methode.com, www.agilent.com, www.finisar.com, and www.java.sun.com. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © Motorola, Inc. 2008

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CONTENTS 1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................................................1 Using This Manual ....................................................................................................................................3 Related Documentation............................................................................................................................3 Document Conventions ............................................................................................................................4 If You Need Help........................................................................................................................................5 Calling for Repairs.....................................................................................................................................6 2 Overview .........................................................................................................................................................7 SEM Block Diagram Description ............................................................................................................9 SEM Configurations ................................................................................................................................11 SEM System Implementations ..............................................................................................................11 SEM-EM Re-multiplexing Controller.............................................................................................11 SEM-EM Manual Routing Mode for Broadcast Services .........................................................12 SEM-EM UDP Mapping Mode for VOD Systems ........................................................................12 SEM-EM Eight Channel UDP Mapping Mode for VOD Systems...............................................13 SEM-EM Standardized UDP Mapping Mode for VOD Systems ...............................................14 SEM-EM ASI Demultiplexing Mode for Broadcast Systems ....................................................14 Common Tier Encryption (CTE) ......................................................................................................16 DAC 6000 Controlling SEMs in a Broadcast System ..................................................................18 Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) SimulCrypt Operation ..........................................................19 Daisy Chaining SEMs ......................................................................................................................19 Daisy Chain Ethernet Frame Processing Summary....................................................................22 Physical Overview...................................................................................................................................22 Front Panel Indicators and Connectors...............................................................................................23 Input/Output and Power Connectors ...................................................................................................26 3 Installation ....................................................................................................................................................29 Before You Begin.....................................................................................................................................29 Mounting the SEM ..................................................................................................................................30 Installing/Removing GigE SFP Transceivers .......................................................................................31 Connecting the Interface Cables..........................................................................................................32 SEM Power Connection to AC Power..................................................................................................32 SEM Power Connection to DC Power..................................................................................................33 Confirming SEM Power-on Sequencing..............................................................................................33 4 Setup and Operation ...................................................................................................................................35 Network Connection...............................................................................................................................35 Verifying the Network Connection .......................................................................................................35 SEM–EM Requirements .........................................................................................................................35 v

CONTENTS

Browsers........................................................................................................................................... 36 Hardware .......................................................................................................................................... 36 Operating Systems .......................................................................................................................... 36 Initiating an SEM-EM Session .............................................................................................................. 37 SEM-EM Software Toolset .................................................................................................................... 40 System ...................................................................................................................................................... 42 Reboot ............................................................................................................................................... 43 Administration.................................................................................................................................. 43 Setting ............................................................................................................................................... 44 About ................................................................................................................................................. 45 Exit ..................................................................................................................................................... 45 Configuration.................................................................................................................................... 46 SEM System Configuration — SEM Device Operating Mode ......................................................... 48 SEM System Configuration — System Time....................................................................................... 49 SEM System Configuration — Ethernet....................................................................................... 51 SEM System Configuration — Ethernet — Fast Ethernet Multicast Configuration.............. 54 SEM System Configuration — Command Interface.......................................................................... 56 Multi-controller Log................................................................................................................................ 58 SEM System Configuration — EAS...................................................................................................... 59 SEM System Configuration — Traps ................................................................................................... 61 SEM System Configuration — Advanced ........................................................................................... 63 SEM System Configuration — PID Remapping .......................................................................... 67 SEM Input/Output Configuration — ASI Ports ................................................................................... 70 SEM Input/Output Configuration — Gigabit Ethernet ....................................................................... 72 SEM Input/Output Configuration — Gigabit Ethernet Interface Redundancy .............................. 75 GigE Routing Table Configuration ................................................................................................. 77 GigE Static ARP Table Configuration ............................................................................................ 79 GigE Input UDP Configuration........................................................................................................ 80 GigE MPTS Redundancy........................................................................................................................ 81 GigE MPTS Redundancy Processing ........................................................................................... 82 GigE Input Stream Status Monitoring........................................................................................... 82 GigE Input Stream Low Bit Rate Alarm ........................................................................................ 83 GigE MPTS Alarms and Traps........................................................................................................ 83 Gigabit Ethernet Input UDP Status Window................................................................................ 87 Commanded Gigabit Ethernet UDP Status .................................................................................. 90 Error Log Window............................................................................................................................ 93 IGMP Configuration......................................................................................................................... 94 Gigabit Ethernet VLAN/CFM Configuration ................................................................................. 96 vi

CONTENTS

Gigabit Ethernet VLAN/CFM Status ..............................................................................................98 SEM Input/Output Configuration — Advanced.........................................................................101 PSIP Configuration................................................................................................................................103 SimulCrypt Configuration..............................................................................................................105 SimulCrypt Configuration — SimulCrypt MUX-EMMG Stream Status..................................111 QAM and Up Converter Configuration........................................................................................112 Output Transport Stream Configuration .....................................................................................118 Output Transport Stream Utilization Monitoring .......................................................................131 VOD Control............................................................................................................................................135 SEM VOD Control — Manual Routing ........................................................................................136 Manual Routing Mapping Restrictions.......................................................................................139 Example of Manually Configuring the SEM-EM for Remultiplexing.......................................139 SEM VOD Control — UDP Mapping............................................................................................142 SEM UDP Mapping Example........................................................................................................146 SEM VOD Control — Standardized UDP Mapping ...................................................................148 ASI Demultiplexing Configuration ...............................................................................................153 SEM VOD Control — 8 Channel UDP Mapping ................................................................................156 SEM VOD Control — Ancillary PID Routing...............................................................................161 CTE Configuration and Status Windows ....................................................................................164 ICE Program Status........................................................................................................................169 SEM VOD Control — ICE EMM Configuration...........................................................................172 Status ......................................................................................................................................................181 Status — Alarms............................................................................................................................182 Status — Events ............................................................................................................................192 Status — Temperature and Fan...................................................................................................194 Status — Load SEM Command Status.......................................................................................195 Status — Output Program Status................................................................................................197 Status — SEM PSI Table ..............................................................................................................207 Status — Hardware Error Log .....................................................................................................209 Status — Invalid Init Data Errors ................................................................................................210 Status — SEM Version and MCNs..............................................................................................211 Host Packets Statistics — Packet Insertion Statistics............................................................214 Host Packets Statistics — Host IP Packet Statistics...............................................................216 Host Packets Statistics — Host IP Input Statistics..................................................................218 GigE Packet Statistics — GigE Output Packet Statistics ........................................................220 GigE Packet Statistics — GigE Frame Counter Statistics .......................................................222 GigE Packet Statistics — GigE Frame Buffer Status................................................................224 Status — Save Entire SEM Status ..............................................................................................238 vii

CONTENTS

5 SEM Verification........................................................................................................................................ 239 6 Troubleshooting......................................................................................................................................... 241 SEM LED/Error Indications.................................................................................................................. 241 Appendix A — Specifications.................................................................................................................... 245 Physical Dimensions ............................................................................................................................ 245 Electrical Specifications for AC Input ............................................................................................... 245 Electrical Specifications for DC Input ............................................................................................... 246 Operating Environment ........................................................................................................................ 246 ASI Interface ......................................................................................................................................... 247 OAM&P and IP Data 10/100Base-T Ethernet Interfaces ................................................................ 247 GigE Interface........................................................................................................................................ 247 RF Interface (Optional QAM-UC Module) ......................................................................................... 248 Appendix B — Cabling Specifications and Approved SFP Transceiver Vendors.............................. 251 Ethernet 10/100Base-T Interface Cabling ......................................................................................... 251 RS-232 Interface Cabling ..................................................................................................................... 251 RF Cabling .............................................................................................................................................. 252 Certified SEM V8 SFP Transceiver Vendors...................................................................................... 252 Appendix C — Initialization Information................................................................................................... 253 Self-Boot Initialization.......................................................................................................................... 253 External Initialization from a LAN Resident BOOTP or DHCP Server ........................................... 253 BOOTP Request and Reply Format..................................................................................................... 255 BOOTP Request ............................................................................................................................. 255 BOOTP Server Reply ..................................................................................................................... 255 Typical SEM BOOTP Packet Files ............................................................................................... 255 Reference Specifications............................................................................................................. 256 HCT 1000 as BOOTP Server................................................................................................................. 256 Appendix D — Field Fan Replacement Procedure ................................................................................. 259 Fan Removal .......................................................................................................................................... 259 Replacement Fan Kit Assemblies....................................................................................................... 260 Fan Replacement .................................................................................................................................. 261 Appendix E — RS-232 Test/Console Port ................................................................................................. 263 Establishing Communication with a PC............................................................................................. 263 Menu General Operations ................................................................................................................... 263 User Console Root Menu..................................................................................................................... 266 Show Enet1 Parameters Menu (Root.1) ............................................................................................ 266 Enet1 IP Setup (Fixed Config) Menu (Root.2).................................................................................... 267 Enet1 IP Setup (via boot protocols) Menu (Root.3).......................................................................... 267 Destructive Purge Menu (Root.4)....................................................................................................... 268 viii

CONTENTS

REPROGRAM ACP FPGA MENU (ROOT.5)..................................................................................269 Show ACP Unit Addresses Menu (Root.6) .................................................................................269 Reset SEM EM User Name and Password Menu (Root.7)......................................................269 Typical Scenarios..................................................................................................................................269 Setup for DHCP or BOOTP Client Configuration........................................................................269 Fixed IP Configuration ...................................................................................................................269 Glossary .........................................................................................................................................................271 Abbreviations and Acronyms ..............................................................................................................271 Definitions of Terms ..............................................................................................................................276 Figure 1-1 SmartStream Encryptor Modulator (SEM).................................................................................2 Figure 2-1 SEM block diagram........................................................................................................................9 Figure 2-2 Typical example of SEM-EM Control (UDP Mapping or Manual Routing)..........................16 Figure 2-3 Typical example of DAC 6000 controlling SEMs in a broadcast system .............................18 Figure 2-4 Two SEM daisy chains ................................................................................................................20 Figure 2-5 SEM with loop through interface ..............................................................................................21 Figure 2-6 SEM with LT terminator interface .............................................................................................21 Figure 2-7 SEM dimensions...........................................................................................................................23 Figure 2-8 Front panel indicators and connectors ....................................................................................24 Figure 2-9 SEM rear panel ............................................................................................................................26 Figure 3-1 Rack mounting..............................................................................................................................30 Figure 3-2 Typical SFP transceiver installation/removal ..........................................................................31 Figure 3-3 SEM rear panel I/O cable connectors......................................................................................32 Figure 4-1 Initiating an SEM-EM session....................................................................................................37 Figure 4-2 File download pop-up..................................................................................................................37 Figure 4-3 SEM Element Manager Login window .....................................................................................38 Figure 4-4 Incorrect password error popup...............................................................................................38 Figure 4-5 Alarms window ............................................................................................................................39 Figure 4-6 SEM_EM Main window ..............................................................................................................40 Figure 4-7 System drop-down list as user “root” ......................................................................................42 Figure 4-8 System drop-down list as other user........................................................................................42 Figure 4-9 Reboot SEM popup ......................................................................................................................43 Figure 4-10 Administration window .............................................................................................................43 Figure 4-11 Set Password window ..............................................................................................................44 Figure 4-12 About popup ...............................................................................................................................45 Figure 4-13 Exit popup....................................................................................................................................45 Figure 4-14 Configuration drop-down list ...................................................................................................46 Figure 4-15 SEM Device Operating Mode panel .......................................................................................48 ix

CONTENTS

Figure 4-16 System Time window ................................................................................................................ 49 Figure 4-17 Ethernet window........................................................................................................................ 52 Figure 4-18 Fast Ethernet Multicast Configuration window .................................................................... 54 Figure 4-19 Command Interface window.................................................................................................... 56 Figure 4-20 Multi-controller Log .................................................................................................................. 58 Figure 4-21 EAS window ............................................................................................................................... 60 Figure 4-22 Traps window ............................................................................................................................. 62 Figure 4-23 Advanced window..................................................................................................................... 64 Figure 4-24 PID Remapping window ........................................................................................................... 67 Figure 4-25 ASI Ports window...................................................................................................................... 70 Figure 4-26 Gigabit Ethernet window .......................................................................................................... 72 Figure 4-27 Gigabit Ethernet window with Interface Redundancy enabled ......................................... 75 Figure 4-28 GigE Routing Table Configuration window ............................................................................ 77 Figure 4-29 GigE Static ARP Table Configuration window....................................................................... 79 Figure 4-30 GigE Input UDP Configuration Window.................................................................................. 80 Figure 4-31 Gigabit Ethernet Input UDP Configuration Window ............................................................. 84 Figure 4-32 Gigabit Ethernet Input UDP Status Window.......................................................................... 88 Figure 4-33 Commanded Gigabit Ethernet UDP Status Window............................................................. 91 Figure 4-34 Error Log Window...................................................................................................................... 93 Figure 4-35 IGMP Configuration Window................................................................................................... 94 Figure 4-36 Gigabit Ethernet Multicast Advanced Configuration window............................................ 95 Figure 4-37 Add VLAN/CFM window ........................................................................................................... 96 Figure 4-38 VLAN/CFM Status window....................................................................................................... 98 Figure 4-39 SEM Input/Output Configuration — Advanced window ................................................... 101 Figure 4-40 PSIP Configuration window ................................................................................................... 103 Figure 4-41 SimulCrypt Configuration — General window.................................................................... 105 Figure 4-42 SimulCrypt Configuration — SCS-ECMG window.............................................................. 106 Figure 4-43 SimulCrypt Configuration — EMMG-Mux window ............................................................ 109 Figure 4-44 SimulCrypt MUX-EMMG Stream Status window ............................................................... 111 Figure 4-45 QAM and Up-Converter Configuration — Annex B (DCII) window................................. 112 Figure 4-46 QAM and Up-Converter Configuration — Annex A (DVB) window................................. 113 Figure 4-47 QAM and Up-Converter Configuration — Annex C window ............................................ 114 Figure 4-48 Output Transport Stream Configuration — Cable Encryption (or SimulCrypt) window 118 Figure 4-49 Output Transport Stream Configuration — Manual Routing window ............................. 120 Figure 4-50 Output Transport Stream Configuration — UDP Mapping window................................. 123 Figure 4-51 Output Transport Stream Configuration — ASI Demultiplexing window ....................... 125 Figure 4-52 Output Transport Stream Configuration — Standardized UDP Port Mapping mode window .......................................................................................................................................................... 127 x

CONTENTS

Figure 4-53 Output Transport Stream Configuration — Eight Channel UDP Mapping window .......129 Figure 4-54 Output Transport Stream Utilization Monitoring window ..................................................131 Figure 4-55 VOD control drop-down list....................................................................................................135 Figure 4-56 SEM VOD Control — Manual Routing window ...................................................................136 Figure 4-57 SEM VOD Control — UDP Mapping window.......................................................................142 Figure 4-58 SEM VOD Control — Standardized UDP Mapping window..............................................148 Figure 4-59 ASI Demultiplexing Configuration window ..........................................................................153 Figure 4-60 SEM VOD Control — UDP Mapping (8 Channel) window .................................................156 Figure 4-61 SEM VOD Control — Ancillary PID Routing.........................................................................161 Figure 4-62 SEM Element Manager VOD Control ....................................................................................164 Figure 4-63 SEM ICE Program Configuration ...........................................................................................165 Figure 4-64 ICE Program Status..................................................................................................................169 Figure 4-65 ICE EMM Configuration window ...........................................................................................172 Figure 4-66 ICE EMM Status window ........................................................................................................174 Figure 4-67 Status drop-down list ..............................................................................................................181 Figure 4-68 Alarms and Events window....................................................................................................182 Figure 4-69 Events window .........................................................................................................................192 Figure 4-70 Temperature and Fan ..............................................................................................................194 Figure 4-71 Load SEM Command Status window....................................................................................195 Figure 4-72 Output Program Status window without encryption status..............................................198 Figure 4-73 Output Program Status window with encryption status....................................................198 Figure 4-74 SimulCrypt SCS Program Status window.............................................................................203 Figure 4-75 Insertion Queue Table window ..............................................................................................205 Figure 4-76 SEM PSI Table window...........................................................................................................207 Figure 4-77 Hardware Error Log window..................................................................................................209 Figure 4-78 Invalid Initialization Data Errors window .............................................................................210 Figure 4-79 Version and MCN Window .....................................................................................................211 Figure 4-80 ACP FPGA reprogramming warning pop-up........................................................................213 Figure 4-81 Host Packets Statistics — Packet Insertion Statistics window.......................................214 Figure 4-82 Host Packets Statistics — Host IP Packet Statistics.........................................................216 Figure 4-83 Host Packets Statistics — Host IP Input Statistics window.............................................218 Figure 4-84 GigE Output Packet Statistics window .................................................................................220 Figure 4-85 GigE Frame Counter Statistics window ................................................................................222 Figure 4-86 GigE Frame Buffer Status Window........................................................................................225 Figure 4-87 GigE Routing Table Status window .......................................................................................228 Figure 4-88 GigE ARP Table Status window .............................................................................................230 Figure 4-89 GigE Loop Through Terminator Status window...................................................................232 Figure 4-90 ISA SDV Sessions Window ....................................................................................................234 xi

CONTENTS

Figure 4-91 ISA SDV GigE UDP Status Window ...................................................................................... 236 Figure 4-92 ISA SDV QAM Window........................................................................................................... 237 Figure 4-93 Save SEM Status window ...................................................................................................... 238 Figure D-1 Fan removal/replacement........................................................................................................ 260 Figure D-2 Fan kit assemblies .................................................................................................................... 260 Figure E-1 Menu selections 1 through 3 ................................................................................................... 264 Figure E-2 Menu selections 4 through 7 ................................................................................................... 265 Table 2-1 SEM block diagram descriptions.................................................................................................. 9 Table 2-2 SEM Configurations ...................................................................................................................... 11 Table 2-3 Ethernet frame processing summary......................................................................................... 22 Table 2-4 SEM front panel connectors and indicators............................................................................. 24 Table 2-5 SEM rear panel connectors ........................................................................................................ 26 Table 4-1 System Time window field definitions........................................................................................ 50 Table 4-2 Ethernet window field definitions............................................................................................... 52 Table 4-3 Fast Ethernet Multicast Configuration window field definitions............................................ 55 Table 4-4 Command Interface window field definitions........................................................................... 57 Table 4-5 EAS window field definitions....................................................................................................... 61 Table 4-6 Traps window field definitions .................................................................................................... 62 Table 4-7 Advanced window field definitions ............................................................................................ 65 Table 4-8 PID Remapping Definitions.......................................................................................................... 67 Table 4-9 ASI Ports window field definitions ............................................................................................. 71 Table 4-10 Gigabit Ethernet window field definitions ............................................................................... 73 Table 4-11 Redundant Gigabit Ethernet window field definitions........................................................... 76 Table 4-12 GigE Routing Table Configuration window field definitions.................................................. 78 Table 4-13 GigE Static ARP Table Configuration window field definitions ............................................ 80 Table 4-14 GigE Input UDP Configuration field definitions....................................................................... 81 Table 4-15 GigE Ethernet Input UDP Configuration Window field definitions....................................... 85 Table 4-16 GigE Ethernet Input UDP Status Window field definitions ................................................... 89 Table 4-17 Commanded Gigabit Ethernet UDP Status window field definitions................................... 92 Table 4-18 Error Log Window ....................................................................................................................... 93 Table 4-19 Gigabit Ethernet Multicast Advanced Configuration window field definitions ................. 95 Table 4-20 Gigabit VLAN/CFM Configuration window field definitions.................................................. 97 Table 4-21 Gigabit VLAN/CFM Status window field definitions .............................................................. 99 Table 4-22 SEM Input/Output Configuration — Advanced window field definitions......................... 102 Table 4-23 PSIP Configuration window field definitions ........................................................................ 104 Table 4-25 SimulCrypt Configuration — General window field definitions ......................................... 105 Table 4-26 SimulCrypt Configuration–SCS — ECMG window field definitions .................................. 106 xii

CONTENTS

Table 4-27 SimulCrypt Configuration — EMMG-Mux window field definitions..................................109 Table 4-28 SimulCrypt MUX — EMMG Stream Status window field definitions................................111 Table 4-29 QAM and Up-Converter Configuration windows field definitions .....................................114 Table 4-30 Output Transport Stream Configuration — Cable Encryption (or SimulCrypt) window field definitions ......................................................................................................................................................119 Table 4-31 Output Transport Stream Configuration — Manual Routing window field definitions...121 Table 4-32 Output Transport Stream Configuration — UDP Mapping window field definitions ......123 Table 4-33 Output Transport Stream Configuration — ASI Demultiplexing window field definitions126 Table 4-34 Output Transport Stream Configuration — Standardized UDP Port Mapping mode window field definitions..............................................................................................................................................128 Table 4-35 Output Transport Stream Configuration — Eight Channel UDP Mapping window field definitions ......................................................................................................................................................130 Table 4-36 Output Transport Stream Utilization Monitoring window field definitions .......................132 Table 4-37 SEM VOD Control — Manual Routing window field definitions ........................................137 Table 4-38 SEM VOD Control — UDP Mapping window field definitions............................................143 Table 4-39 Example of UDP mapping with port offset of 0 .....................................................................146 Table 4-40 SEM VOD Control — Standardized UDP Mapping window field definitions ...................149 Table 4-41 Example of Standardized UDP mapping with relative 1 transport stream index.............152 Table 4-42 ASI Demultiplexing Configuration window field definitions ...............................................154 Table 4-43 SEM VOD Control — UDP Mapping (8 Channel) window field definitions.......................157 Table 4-44 Typical example of mapped UDP port bits 15 through 8......................................................159 Table 4-45 Typical example of mapped UDP port bits 7 through 0........................................................160 Table 4-46 SEM VOD Control — Ancillary PID Routing window field definitions...............................162 Table 4-47 ICE Program Configuration ......................................................................................................166 Table 4-48 ICE Program Status window field definitions........................................................................170 Table 4-49 ICE EMM Configuration definitions.........................................................................................173 Table 4-50 ICE EMM Status definitions .....................................................................................................175 Table 4-51 EMMS Client Errors...................................................................................................................177 Table 4-52 EMMS Server Errors.................................................................................................................178 Table 4-53 EMMS Timeout Error.................................................................................................................180 Table 4-54 Alarms window field definitions..............................................................................................183 Table 4-55 Events window field definitions...............................................................................................193 Table 4-56 Temperature and Fan window field definitions.....................................................................194 Table 4-57 Load SEM Command Status window field definitions .........................................................196 Table 4-58 Output Program Status window field definitions..................................................................199 Table 4-59 SimulCrypt Configuration — Status window field definitions ............................................204 Table 4-60 Insertion Queue Table window field definitions ...................................................................206 Table 4-61 SEM PSI Table window field definitions ................................................................................208 xiii

CONTENTS

Table 4-62 Hardware Error Log window field definitions....................................................................... 209 Table 4-63 Invalid Initialization Data Errors window field definitions .................................................. 210 Table 4-64 SEM Version and MCNs window field definitions ............................................................... 212 Table 4-65 Host Packets Statistics — Packet Insertion Statistics window field definitions ........... 215 Table 4-66 Host IP Packet Statistics window field definitions .............................................................. 217 Table 4-67 Host Packets Statistics — Host IP Input Statistics window field definitions.................. 219 Table 4-68 GigE Output Packet Statistics window field definitions...................................................... 221 Table 4-69 GigE Frame Counter Statistics window field definitions..................................................... 223 Table 4-70 GigE Frame Buffer Status Table .............................................................................................. 226 Table 4-71 GigE Routing Table Status window field definitions ............................................................ 229 Table 4-72 GigE ARP Table Status window field definitions .................................................................. 231 Table 4-73 GigE Loop Through Terminator Status window field definitions........................................ 233 Table 4-74 ISA SDV Sessions window field definitions.......................................................................... 234 Table 4-75 ISA SDV GigE UDP Status Window field definitions............................................................ 236 Table 4-76 ISA SDV QAM Window field definitions ................................................................................ 237 Table 6-1 SEM LED/Error Conditions ......................................................................................................... 241 Table B-1 Ethernet 10Base-T interface connector pin-out.................................................................... 251 Table B-2 RS-232 interface connector pin-out ........................................................................................ 252 Table C-1 HCT 1000 SEM parameters........................................................................................................ 257

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1 INTRODUCTION The Motorola® SmartStream Encryptor Modulator (SEM) v8 fulfills the throughput demands of broadcast stream intensive and VOD dedicated stream topologies. The SEM provides re-multiplexing, real time encryption, QAM modulation and upconversion capabilities in a high density one rack unit (RU) form factor. Its MPEG routing I/O architecture, consisting of three Gigabit Ethernet interfaces, eight Asynchronous Serial Interfaces (ASIs), and four RF interfaces (requires optional Quadrature Amplitude Modulation/Up Converter [QAM/UC] module), enable it to redirect services present from any input into any output. These interfaces are supplemented by two 10/100Base-T Ethernet interfaces that provide management/control communication with a SEM controller and insertion of pre-packetized MPEG data or IP datagrams into output transport streams. Unique attributes of the SEM include:

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Two input power versions (AC and DC).

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Three Gigabit Ethernet interfaces (GigE1-3), each of which can accept a Small Form Factor Pluggable (SFP) module as defined in Appendix B, “Cabling Specifications and Approved SFP Transceiver Vendors.”

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Three full duplex Gigabit Ethernet Interfaces compliant with IEEE 802.3z.

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Eight software configurable input ASIs (ASI1-8), of which four (ASI5-8) can be configured as either inputs or outputs.

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Two 10/100Base-T Ethernet interfaces (ENET1 and ENET2) compliant with IEEE 802.3u.

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Network Protocols (interface dependent) consisting of: IP/ICMP/IGMP at the Network Layer, UDP/TCP at the Transport Layer, and SNMP, DHCP, BOOTP, TFTP, SNTP, and HTTP at the Application Layer.

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MPEG transport stream reception and transmission over Gigabit Ethernet or ASI.

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Creation of up to 16 Multi-Program Transport Stream (MPTS) outputs.

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Generation of up to eight QAM signals on four F-type connector outputs (dual upconversion with two adjacent QAM channels per RF port) that comply with North American and International standards.

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Creation of up to four output MPTSs, over ASI, at rates up to 206 Mbps.

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Creation of up to 16 output MPTSs, over Gigabit Ethernet, which can be transmitted to up to sixteen different destination IP addresses.

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Input program specific information (PSI) extraction for internal processing and display to the operator.

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Output PSI and conditional access (CA) message insertion.

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PID re-mapping and MPEG service number (SN) re-mapping to prevent component PID and SN conflicts within an output transport stream.

1 INTRODUCTION

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DCII encryption using Data Encryption Standard (DES) or Common Scrambling Algorithm (CSA). Encryption requires an optional ACP module.

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SimulCrypt encryption processing (encryption requires an optional ACP module).

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Multi-Protocol Encapsulation (MPE) and insertion of IP datagram streams.

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In-band MPEG data insertion.

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ASI Monitor Port output.

The SEM can be configured and monitored remotely using the SEM Element Manager (SEM-EM), which uses a JAVA™-enabled console. This console is a remote user interface based on a JAVA application that is initially invoked from the host computer. Once invoked, the console can access any SEM on the system, as determined by the IP address. The SEM-EM can function as the SEM controller in applications where encryption is not required. The SEM-EM provides manual re-multiplexing control that allows an operator to route input MPEG services from any input transport stream to any output transport stream. A second mode, UDP Port Mapping, is provided when receiving SPTSs from the Gigabit Ethernet. This mode provides for the autonomous routing of SPTSs to the appropriate output, based on the destination UDP port of the received UDP segment stream carrying the SPTS. A third mode, ASI auto de-multiplexing, reduces SEM-EM configuration and provisioning necessary to support the reception and re-multiplexing of a high speed transport stream containing a large number of services. Figure 1-1 illustrates the SEM front panel. Figure 1-1 SmartStream Encryptor Modulator (SEM) ASI

RS-232 Test Port 5

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Status

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6

7

8

1

GigE 2

Enet 3

1

2

SEM v8

SmartStream Encryptor Modulator

ASI Monitor

ASI Port MONITOR

1 INTRODUCTION

Using This Manual The following sections provide information and instructions to install, configure, and operate the SEM. Section

Title and Purpose

Section 1

Introduction provides a product description, related documentation, the technical help line, and repair/return information.

Section 2

Overview provides functional and physical descriptions of the SEM.

Section 3

Installation provides instructions on how to install the SEM.

Section 4

Setup and Operation provides instructions on how to set up and operate the SEM.

Section 5

SEM Verification provides procedural steps to verify SEM configuration settings using the SEM-EM.

Section 6

Troubleshooting provides information to help isolate and resolve possible error conditions.

Appendix A

Specifications provides the technical specifications for the SEM.

Appendix B

Cabling Specifications provides cable specifications and a list of approved vendors for Small Form-Factor Pluggable (SFP) tranceivers.

Appendix C

Initialization Information provides special information on the SEM initialization process.

Appendix D

Fan Field Replacement Procedure provides instructions to replace a malfunctioning SEM fan.

Appendix E

Test Console Port provides an alternate method to configure the SEM IP address in lieu of a BOOTP server or DHCP server. It also provides menus to view SEM network settings and various menu selections to reboot the unit.

Glossary

The Glossary provides the full spelling of the abbreviations, acronyms, and definitions of the special terms used in this manual. Related Documentation

Related Documentation The Headend Configuration Tool User Guide might be of assistance when installing the SEM.

3

1 INTRODUCTION

Document Conventions Before you begin using the SEM, familiarize yourself with the stylistic conventions used in this manual:

4

Bold type

Indicates text that you must type exactly as it appears or indicates a default value.

SILK SCREEN

Denotes silk screening on the equipment, typically representing front- and rear-panel controls and input/output (I/O) connections, and LEDs.

* (asterisk)

Indicates that several versions of the same model number exist and the information applies to all models; when the information applies to a specific model, the complete model number is given.

Variable

Denotes a displayed variable, a variable that you must type, or is used for emphasis.

BUTTON + BUTTON

Button combinations indicating that you must press both buttons simultaneously.

KEY + KEY

Key combinations indicating that you hold down the first key and then press the second key.

KEY, KEY

Key combinations indicating that you press the first key, release it, and then press the second key.

System Output

Indicates displayed text.

^ (caret)

Indicates the spacebar is pressed when keyboarding command line input.

SEM

Abbreviation for SmartStream Encryptor Modulator v8.

>

Points to next window in navigation paths.

1 INTRODUCTION

If You Need Help If you need assistance while working with this product, contact the Motorola Technical Response Center (TRC): •

Inside the U.S.: 1-888-944-HELP (1-888-944-4357), option 1–4, then option 1–5

•

Outside the U.S.: 1-215-323-0044

•

Motorola Online: http://businessonline.motorola.com

The TRC is on call 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. In addition, Motorola Online offers a searchable solutions database, technical documentation, and low-priority issue creation and tracking

Technical Response Center Telephone Menu Options

Connected Home Solutions

http://businessonline.motorola.com

888-944-HELP / 215-323-0044

Broadcaster, Satellite IRD or Encoder Products PRESS 2

Video Products PRESS 1

PRESS 1 Controllers PRESS 1 Digital

PRESS 2 Headend

PRESS 1 Commercial IRD

PRESS 3 Set-tops

PRESS 2 Analog

Consumer Products PRESS 4

Data Networks/ Transmission Products PRESS 3

PRESS 1 PRESS 2 PRESS 3 Cable Router Cable Modems Transmission Products VOIP Products

Severity Level 1 - Critical Failure 2 - Serious Failure 3 - Lesser Failure 4 - Technical Assistance

5

PRESS 2 Uplink Encoder

PRESS 4 Network Management

PRESS 5 Multiservice Transport Products (MBT/MWT/MEA)

PRESS 1 Consumer Satellite C Band

PRESS 2 Broadband Retail Support

PRESS 1 PRESS 2 Network Network Licensing Management Products

Issued: 04/2005

1 INTRODUCTION

Calling for Repairs If repair is necessary, call the Motorola Repair Facility at 1-800-642-0442 for a Return for Service Authorization (RSA) number before sending the unit. The RSA number must be prominently displayed on all equipment cartons. The Repair Facility is open from 7:00 AM to 4:00 PM Pacific Time, Monday through Friday. When calling from outside the United States, use the appropriate international access code and then call 52-631-311-1100 to contact the Repair Facility. When shipping equipment for repair, follow these steps: 1. Pack the unit securely. 2. Complete and enclose the checklist provided with the unit. 3. Enclose a copy of the invoice that verifies the warranty status. 4. Ship the unit PREPAID to the following address: Motorola, Inc. Connected Home Solutions c/o Excel Attn: RSA #_________ 6908 East Century Park Drive Suite 100 Tucson, AZ 85706

6

2 OVERVIEW There are three Gigabit Ethernet (GigE 1-3) interfaces within the SEM, any of which can receive or transmit MPEG transport streams. Each GigE interface allows a Small Form Factor Pluggable (SFP) module to be inserted. SFP modules come in a variety of ITU Grid 100 GHz Spacing wavelengths for connection to passive or transponder networks and switched or routed Gigabit Ethernet networks. The SFP module can be selected based on the output wavelength desired (for example, 850 nm, 1310 nm, 1550 nm, etc.). An electrical 1000Base-T SFP module can also be accommodated if required. The SEM provides eight ASI interfaces that are demultiplexing capable. Each of these ASI interfaces can accept a single Multi-Program Transport Stream (MPTS) at a sustained input information rate up to 213 Mbps. Four of the eight ASI interfaces (ASI 5-8) can be configured as inputs or outputs. When configured as outputs, the sustained output information rate can be configured up to 206 Mbps. Configuration of each of the ASI interfaces is under software control through the SEM-EM. An eight-channel QAM/UC module is available that contains eight QAM modulators and four dual-channel RF upconverters. Each upconverter places two QAM outputs into two adjacent RF channels. The QAM Module supports ITU-T J.83 Annex A (DVB), Annex B (ATSC/DCII), and Annex C (International) modulation modes. The SEM v8 is capable of receiving an aggregate input MPEG information rate of up to 900 Mbps across all of its inputs and producing an aggregate output MPEG information rate of up to 848 Mbps across all of its outputs. Note that the aggregate output information rate is lower than the aggregate input rate because the SEM v8 can produce a maximum of 16 output MPTSs at a maximum output information rate of 53Mbps per MPTS. Both Single Program Transport Streams (SPTSs) and MPTSs are valid inputs to the Gigabit Ethernet interfaces. The SEM can re-multiplex SPTSs into one or more MPTS and de-multiplex a single large MPTS into multiple smaller MPTSs. The destination UDP port number, in the header of each received UDP segment, can be used in UDP Mapping mode to route an SPTS or MPTS to a particular output multiplex. The ability to route specific MPEG services within an MPTS is also supported. Here, the destination UDP port and MPEG service number of the desired service are specified by the operator to configure routing to the particular output multiplex. MPEG services from the Gigabit Ethernet and ASI inputs can be multiplexed together to produce up to 16 outgoing MPTSs. Of these, up to eight MPTSs can be QAM modulated and upconverted to RF. Simultaneously or alternatively, the SEM can transmit MPTSs out the ASI or Gigabit Ethernet outputs. The SEM inserts the requisite PSI into each newly created output MPTS. PID re-mapping and MPEG Service Number re-mapping can be performed to prevent PID and service number conflicts as a result of re-multiplexing.

7

2 OVERVIEW

An optional Access Control Processor (ACP) Module is available that allows full MediaCipher encryption of up to 128 MPEG services, each with up to 16 component PID streams on average. The ACP Module supports both DES and CSA encryption algorithms. The SEM can operate in a SimulCrypt system and therefore supports the various SimulCrypt protocols. It provides the functionality of a Control Word Generator (CWG), SimulCrypt Synchronizer (SCS), Multiplexer (MUX), Scrambler (SCR), and Motorola Entitlement Control Message Generator (ECMG). The SEM can receive Entitlement Control Messages (ECMs) from third party ECMGs for insertion into an output multiplex, as well as Entitlement Management Messages (EMMs) from external Entitlement Management Message Generators (EMMGs). The SEM also has two 10/100Base-T Fast Ethernet interfaces (ENET1 and ENET2). ENET1 is the OAM&P management/control interface. This interface is used to communicate with a SEM controller. The SEM controller can be a DAC 6000 or SEM-EM, depending on the intended use of the device. ENET2 is the IP data interface. This interface is intended for connection to a customer’s Application Network. Third party devices can use this interface to deliver pre-packetized MPEG data or IP datagrams that are to be inserted into an output transport stream.

8

2 OVERVIEW

SEM Block Diagram Description Figure 2-1 is an illustrated block diagram of the SEM. Table 2-1 describes the SEM interfaces and optional modules shown in the block diagram illustration. Figure 2-1 SEM block diagram

GigE-3

TS4

.…

Ethernet Mux

TS16 Gigabit Ethernet Transceiver

A

TS1 TS1

Optical Module

TS10

TS1

….

…. TS16

Message/PID stream Insertion Processing

….

…...

TS1

Service Mux

…. TS16

Message Extraction Processing

Optical Module

TS1

Ethernet Demux

Gigabit Ethernet Transceiver GigE-2

TS9

TS11

MPEG Router

TS16 TS12 TS13

Gigabit Ethernet Transceiver GigE-1

TS14

Optical Module

TS15 TS16 TS1 TS1 TS16

TS16 …..

TS1

…..

Message Extraction Processing

ASI ASI ASI ASI

ASI Demux

ASI-1 ASI-2 ASI-3 ASI-4

ACP

ASI-5

ASI

ASI-6

ASI

ASI-7

ASI

ASI-8

ASI

A Processor

OAM&P IP Data Interface Interface 10/100 BaseT 10/100 BaseT

( Optional ) QAM/UC module

QAM-1A QAM-1B QAM-2A QAM-2B QAM-3A QAM-3B QAM-4A QAM-4B

Dual UC #1

RF-1

Dual UC #2

RF-2

Dual UC #3

RF-3

Dual UC #4

RF-4

TS16

ASI Interface

ASI Monitor Port

Relay

Alarm

Test/ Console Port

Table 2-1 SEM block diagram descriptions Block Diagram Item

Description

GigE 1-3

All three GigE transceivers can transmit and receive MPEG transport streams; however, two (GigE-2 and GigE-3) are normally used to receive transport streams from headend devices, for example a VOD server. VOD systems require high-speed capabilities, as a large number of transport streams are implemented to establish dedicated sessions to each subscriber set-top. The other transceiver (GigE-1) is used to transport encrypted streams to the distribution network. The distribution network can implement Dense Wave Division Multiplexing (DWDM), Synchronous Optical Network (SONET), and Switched Ethernet transport technologies. (Some GigE interface SFP Modules can be provided by Motorola; see Appendix B “Cabling Specifications and Approved SFP Transceiver Vendors.”) Two (GigE-1 and GigE-2) of the three GigE transceivers have loop-through capabilities.

ASI 1-8

9

ASI 1-4 are dedicated inputs only. ASI-5 through ASI-8 can be configured as inputs or outputs under software control. The ASIs can carry a single Multi-Program Transport Stream (MPTS) at an input rate up to 213 Mbps and an output rate of up to 206 Mbps.

2 OVERVIEW Block Diagram Item

Description

ACP

Two optional ACP encryption modules are available for full DCII encryption and SimulCrypt processing with a Motorola controller:

MPEG Router

• MediaCipher (MC) – Provides full DCII encryption for up to 128 services using embedded MC encryption processors. Both DES and CSA scrambling modes are supported. • MC and SimulCrypt – For use in SimulCrypt systems with a Motorola Controller (DAC 6000). Provides for scrambling of up to 128 services using CSA encryption engine functionality. Provides for SimulCrypt Control Word (CW) generation under the control of an SCS. The MPEG Router enables output transport streams to be redirected through the ACP bank and back out its baseband output(s) such as the GigE or ASI, or out to the QAM/UC module.

QAM/UC Module

An optional eight channel QAM/UC module is available. The QAM/UC module outputs eight QAM RF carriers through four connectors. Each of the four connectors outputs a pair of RF QAM carriers on adjacent channels.

OAM&P Interface 10/100Base-T

A 10/100Base-T Ethernet interface that receives remultiplexing, message extraction, message insertion, and encryption commands from an external controller. It can operate in half and full duplex modes.

IP Data Interface 10/100Base-T

This Ethernet 10/100Base-T interface can receive pre-packetized MPEG packets from the UDP/IP and Ethernet. The SEM will be capable of associating the pre-packetized MPEG data with one or more outgoing services. IP datagrams will also be received on this interface for insertion into an output multiplex.

ASI Monitor Port

The ASI Monitor Port can be used to monitor any one of the 16 output transport streams prior to encryption (reference the Output Transport Stream Configuration window in Section 4, "Setup and Operation" for monitor port selection).

Test Console Port

A front panel nine-pin RS-232 interface used to access internal diagnostics from the operating system command line shell. It also provides an alternate method to configure the SEM, as it can be used to assign Internet Protocol (IP) addresses in the absence of a BOOTP/Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) server.

Alarm Relay

The Alarm Relay activates for the following fault conditions: • Loss of power • Failed power-up/self-test sequence (failed memory checks, checksum failure, or failure to properly load code) • Detection of faulty/failed hardware/firmware by the host processor (unable to communicate with ACP module, GigE processor/ASI interface controller, or QAM module, etc.). • Over temperature condition.

10

2 OVERVIEW

SEM Configurations The SEM v8 is available in the configurations shown in Table 2-2: Table 2-2 SEM Configurations SEM v8 Configurations

Applicable Interfaces and Modules ASI

GigE

QAM/UC Module*

ACP Module*

1. Full Edge, ac(part no. 507199001)

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

2. Modulator/Upconverter, ac (part no. 507199-002)

Yes

Yes

Yes

No

3. Full Edge, dc (part no. 507199003)

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

SEM System Implementations To deploy a SEM, a controller is required to perform provisioning and configuration of the SEM device. In a broadcast cable system, where the SEM is required to encrypt services, the SEM controller would be the DAC 6000. Systems that do not require encryption or prefer to use Common Tier Encryption (CTE) can rely on the SEM-EM to function as the controller if necessary. SEM-EM Re-multiplexing Controller As a surrogate controller, the SEM-EM is used to configure the SEM for service routings when encryption functionality is not required. When the SEM-EM is the SEM controller, the SEM can operate in Manual Routing mode, one of two UDP Mapping modes, or ASI Demultiplexing mode. Screen sets used to set up the SEM-EM for these modes are described in Section 4, “Setup and Operation.” In all of these modes, the input services to the SEM can be either clear content or pre-encrypted content. When enabled for CTE, the SEM also can encrypt the output programs. •

11

In Manual Routing mode, to support re-multiplexing control, the SEM-EM provides configuration screens that allow the operator to select available input services from enabled input ports and place them into an output stream with a user assigned MPEG service number. The re-multiplexing information entered into the SEM-EM screen-sets is transmitted to the SEM as data using Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP). The SEM internally processes the re-multiplexing data and then performs the necessary operations to implement the specified service routings. In addition to routing services, Manual Routing mode supports the ability to route an entire input stream to one or more output streams (transport stream pass through).

2 OVERVIEW

•

When operating in either UDP Mapping mode, the SEM receives services at one of the GigE interfaces by means of UDP/IP in the form of single program transport streams (SPTS). Within a given GigE interface, each service is delivered to the SEM in a UDP segment stream identified by a unique UDP destination port number. The destination UDP port number of the received UDP segment stream identifies the output transport stream, physical output (for example, QAM-1, QAM-2, GigE-2, etc.), and outgoing MPEG service number to be assigned to the VOD service by the SEM. The SEM then autonomously routes incoming SPTSs to the appropriate output, and builds the appropriate output PSI based on the observed destination UDP port value.

•

In ASI Demultiplexing mode, to support demultiplexing control, the SEM-EM provides configuration screens that allow the operator to select available input services from enabled ASI input ports and de-multiplex them into an output stream. The demultiplexing information entered into the SEM-EM screen-sets is transmitted to the SEM as data using Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP). The SEM internally processes the demultiplexing data and then performs the necessary operations to implement the specified service routings.

SEM-EM Manual Routing Mode for Broadcast Services The SEM-EM allows an operator to provision a SEM to support broadcast services when encryption functionality is not required. To support this functionality, the SEM-EM provides GUI windows that enable the operator to configure individual service routes. To configure a service route, the SEM-EM window enables the operator to specify a specific input service, route that service to a specific SEM output transport stream, and specify the output MPEG service number. If the SEM is receiving services on the GigE interface, there can be many input transport streams (either SPTS or MPTS), each using a different destination UDP port number. The SEM, therefore, must be configured with a list of receive UDP port numbers to open at the desired GigE input. To enter this data, the operator needs a list of the UDP ports corresponding to transport streams present at the GigE inputs to the SEM. SEM-EM UDP Mapping Mode for VOD Systems To support UDP Mapping mode, the SEM-EM operator must first specify the specific SEM GigE input port that is used to receive the input services. The operator must then specify the base offset, starting program number, and a number of output services for each individual output transport stream. The combination of base offset, starting program number, and the total number of output services across all enabled output transport streams provides the SEM with a list of receive UDP port numbers to open. The SEM keeps these UDP ports open and then waits for the incoming connections (input SPTSs). The base offset specifies the starting (lowest) receive UDP port number; all other receive UDP port numbers are in a range above the base offset. The base offset allows the SEM to be easily configured to accept receive UDP port numbers in any range that the video servers wish to use. 12

2 OVERVIEW

The starting program number is the first output program number that is used for the output transport stream specified. For example, if the starting program number is 2, and the number of programs is 20, then the output program numbers are from 2–21. The total number of output services across all enabled output transport streams specifies the total number of UDP ports that the SEM must open (one UDP port number per SEM output service). If the operator specifies 16 services per output transport stream and there are 8 enabled SEM output transport streams, the SEM opens 128 UDP ports starting with the base offset number. Additionally, the operator can specify if the input content to the SEM is clear or pre-encrypted. (This is accomplished by checking the Input Program Pre-Encrypted check box on the SEM VOD Control-UDP Mapping window.) If the input content is a mix of clear and pre-encrypted, then the Pre-Encrypted check box should be selected. When the input is pre-encrypted, the SEM determines if the individual services contain pre-encrypted content by examining the input PMT descriptors. The pre-encrypted output programs routed by the SEM contain the proper CA ECM descriptors along with additional program information messages. SEM-EM Eight Channel UDP Mapping Mode for VOD Systems To support Eight Channel UDP Mapping mode (eight QAM outputs only), the SEM-EM operator must first specify the specific SEM GigE input port that is used to receive the input services. The operator must then specify the number of output services and a starting output program number for each individual QAM output transport stream. The combination of starting program number and the total number of output services across all enabled output transport streams provides the SEM with a list of receive UDP port numbers to open. The SEM keeps these UDP ports open and then waits for the incoming connections (input SPTSs). The starting program number is the first output program number that is used for the output transport stream specified. For example, if the starting program number is 2, and the number of programs is 20, then the output program numbers are from 2–21. The total number of output services across all enabled output transport streams specify the total number of UDP ports that the SEM must open (one UDP port number per SEM output service). If the operator specifies 16 services per output transport stream and there are eight enabled SEM output transport streams, the SEM opens 128 UDP ports. Additionally, the operator can specify if the input content to the SEM is clear or pre-encrypted. (This is accomplished by checking the Input Program Pre-Encrypted check box on the SEM VOD Control-UDP Mapping window.) If the input content is a mix of clear and pre-encrypted, the Pre-Encrypted check box should be selected. When the input is pre-encrypted, the SEM determines if the individual services contain pre-encrypted content by examining the input PMT descriptors. The pre-encrypted output programs routed by the SEM contain the proper CA ECM descriptors along with additional program information messages.

13

2 OVERVIEW

SEM-EM Standardized UDP Mapping Mode for VOD Systems To support Standardized UDP Mapping mode, the SEM-EM operator must first specify the specific SEM GigE input port that is used to receive input services. The operator must then specify the transport stream relative 0/1 setting, the number of output services, and a starting output program number for each individual QAM output transport stream. The combination of transport stream number, starting program number, and the total number of output services across all enabled output transport streams provides the SEM with a list of receive UDP port numbers to open. The SEM keeps these UDP ports open and then waits for the incoming connections (input SPTSs). The transport stream relative 0/1 setting is used as part of the UDP port calculation. The transport stream numbers can range from 0-15 or from 1-16, depending on the relative 0/1 setting. The starting program number is the first output program number that is used for the output transport stream specified. For example, if the starting program number is 2, and the number of programs is 20, then the output program numbers are 2-21. The total number of output services across all enabled output transport streams specifies the total number of UDP ports that the SEM must open (one UDP port number per SEM output service). If the operator specifies 16 services per output transport stream and there are 8 enabled SEM output transport streams, the SEM opens 128 UDP ports. Additionally, the operator can specify if the input content to the SEM is clear or pre-encrypted. (This is accomplished by checking the Input Program Pre-Encrypted check box on the SEM VOD Control-UDP Mapping window.) If the input content is a mix of clear and pre-encrypted, the Pre-Encrypted check box should be selected. When the input is pre-encrypted, the SEM determines if the individual services contain pre-encrypted content by examining the input PMT descriptors. The pre-encrypted output programs routed by the SEM contain the proper CA ECM descriptors along with additional program information messages. SEM-EM ASI Demultiplexing Mode for Broadcast Systems When the SEM receives a high-speed ASI transport stream, each individual input service can be manually routed to a SEM output transport stream (SEM in Manual Routing mode), or the automatic ASI demultiplexing feature can be used (SEM in ASI Demultiplexing mode). The purpose of the ASI demultiplexing feature is to reduce the amount of SEM configuration and provisioning necessary to support the reception and re-multiplexing of a high-speed transport stream containing a large number of services. The advantage of this mode is to allow the SEM operator to specify a range of MPEG service numbers rather than specifying each individual service route. When automatic ASI Demultiplexing mode is selected, the SEM-EM operator essentially identifies groups of services in the input high-speed transport stream (each group specified by a sequential range of MPEG service numbers) that should be routed to the same SEM output transport stream. As illustrated in the table that follows, the range of input MPEG service numbers in the input transport stream 14

2 OVERVIEW

from 1-10 can be routed to QAM1A (output transport stream 1), while MPEG service numbers 11-20 can be routed to QAM1B (output transport stream 2). The SEM internally generates the necessary Load SEM subcommands to configure each individual service route. OutPut TS

ASI Input Port

Starting Program Number

Ending Program Number

Destination IP

Destination UDP Port

1: GigE

1

1

10

10.100.100.1

1001

2: GigE

1

11

20

10.100.100.1

1000

9: QAM1A

2

1

10

N/A

N/A

10: QAM1B

2

11

20

N/A

N/A

11: QAM2A

2

21

40

N/A

N/A

12: QAM2B

2

41

50

N/A

N/A

3: 4: 5: 6: 7: 8:

13: 14: 15: 16:

When internally configuring the service routes, the SEM uses the input MPEG Service Number as the output MPEG service number. Additionally, when configured for ASI Demultiplexing mode, the SEM-EM allows the operator to specify if all of the input services should be handled as pre-encrypted services or not. If the operator specifies that all input services should be handled as pre-encrypted, the SEM automatically generates the Load SEM Include Service subcommand for each input service with the applicable input service encryption flag set. This enables all input services to be either pre-encrypted or clear. Figure 2-2 illustrates an example system in which multiple SEM devices under the control of the SEM-EM (using either UDP Mapping mode or Manual Routing mode) receive content from VOD servers:

15

2 OVERVIEW Figure 2-2 Typical example of SEM-EM Control (UDP Mapping or Manual Routing) SEM SEM SEM SEM SEM DWDM

GbE DWDM to GbE

GbE Switch

DWDM Network

RF Combiner

SEM DWDM

SEM SEM SEM SEM SEM

GbE GbE to DWDM

Cable plant node A

SEM SEM SEM

3rd Party return system

Cable plant hub

STB STB STB STB

HFC Network Cable plant node B

Local control network

To SEMs

SEM-EM

STB

STB STB STB STB STB

Disks

Disks

VOD Server system

3rd Party server network

GbE Switch

Disks

WAN

3rd Party cable system controller

VOD Server system

Headend

Common Tier Encryption (CTE) When the SEM is in any of the internal control modes, the SEM can be enabled to perform Common Tier Encryption. In this mode, the SEM performs all of the normal service mapping operations; however the output programs can be encrypted in either Full or Fixed Program Key encryption modes. This allows a SEM to be used in a VOD environment and encrypt the output programs without the need for an external controller, such as the DAC 6000. All programs in this mode are encrypted using the same program tier. In order for the SEM to encrypt programs in Full encryption mode, the SEM requires a connection to an external EMM Server (EMMS). Typically, the DAC 6000 operates as an EMMS. This is necessary since the SEM needs EMMs to fully encrypt all programs. The SEM can encrypt programs using Fixed Program Key (FPK) encryption 16

2 OVERVIEW

without the need for an EMMS. This allows a SEM to encrypt programs in FPK mode without the need for any other external devices. Output Program Encryption Process When CTE is enabled, the SEM can be configured to encrypt all output programs mapped from GigE inputs. Programs mapped from the Host Ethernet inputs (OAM&P or Data IP) cannot be encrypted. The number of programs that can be encrypted for each output is limited based on the amount of ACP resources assigned to each output stream. This is set by the number of encrypted programs per output configuration parameter (Output Transport Stream configuration screen).In addition, the SEM limits the number of programs that can be mapped to the total number of programs that can be encrypted. When the SEM is enabled for CTE, the maximum number of programs that can be mapped from GigE inputs is 128. Encrypting output programs via CTE is only allowed under the following conditions: •

SEM is configured in an internal operating mode (such as UDP Port mapping, Manual Routing).

•

SEM contains an ACP Module.

•

SEM CTE parameter is set to enabled.

•

SEM Encryption mode parameter is set to Full or Fix Program Key (FPK).

CTE Encryption Modes The SEM supports encrypting programs in Full encryption mode or FPK mode. The user selects the encryption mode when CTE is enabled. The SEM can always encrypt output programs in FPK mode, but requires Entitlement Management Messages (EMMs) from an EMMS in order to fully encrypt programs. The SEM can also be placed in Clear mode when CTE is enabled (programs are not encrypted).

17

2 OVERVIEW

DAC 6000 Controlling SEMs in a Broadcast System In a DAC 6000 broadcast system, the SEM receives either SPTS or MPTS inputs, re-multiplexes services, encrypts services, and provides MPTS outputs that contain the encrypted services in ASI, GigE, or QAM RF formats. In the example system shown in Figure 2-3, all of the SEMs are located at the headend and the QAM RF outputs of each SEM are distributed to each hub in the system. As determined by system size and the specific system topology, the SEMs can be implemented as edge devices in the hub locations. In the illustrated implementation, the SEMs are receiving eight ASI MPTSs from the satellite Integrated Receiver Decoders (IRDs), which provide decryptor functions, and input transport streams containing clear/unencrypted services to the GigE from a DWDM distribution network. In a broadcast system the DAC 6000 functions as the SEM controller. To provision the SEMs, the operator must route input services to output transport streams in the DAC 6000 for each SEM. The DAC 6000 configures each SEM by generating Load SEM subcommand sequences. Figure 2-3 Typical example of DAC 6000 controlling SEMs in a broadcast system L-Band Feeds (each IRD receives a MPTS) Satellite distribution

Hub A ASI Feeds IRD

SEM IRD IRD

To OAM&P network

IRD

DWDM Network

RPD 2000 RADD 6000

DWDM to GbE

4 RF (8 TS’s) GbE

STB STB STB STB

GbE

DWDM

STB

HFC Network Cable plant node B

IRD

OAM&P Network

RF Combiner

IRD

OM 1000

Cable plant hub A

4 RF (8 TS’s)

IRD

Cable plant node A

IRD

SEM

STB STB STB STB STB

To OAM&P network

WAN

10BaseT (OAM&P network card) Ethernet switch (BSI)

To SEM #1 10BaseT To SEM #2

Ethernet switch (OAM&P)

HDM/SEM-EM

10BaseT (BSI network card)

DAC 6000 10BaseT (KLS 1000 network card) KLS 1000 redundant configuration

Digiport terminal concentrator (Serial to Ethernet) BSI Wirelink data (serial RS-232)

Billing system

Headend

18

Cable plant hub B

HFC Network

To nodes

2 OVERVIEW

Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) SimulCrypt Operation When operating within a SimulCrypt system, the SEM provides the functionality of the Control Word Generator (CWG), SimulCrypt Synchronizer (SCS), Multiplexer (MUX), Scrambler (SCR), and Motorola ECM Generator (ECMG). The SEM is also capable of receiving ECMs from third party ECMGs for insertion into an output multiplex. Note: PID re-mapping must be enabled when the SEM is operating in SimulCrypt mode. Daisy Chaining SEMs Motorola recommends that each SEM device always be connected to its own dedicated port on the GigE switch. The loop-through configuration allows multiple SEM devices to share a common switch port, but requires extra processing in the SEM, which can reduce performance. Up to six SEMs can be configured to be daisy-chained in a single loop. SEM daisy chaining supports transmission of ARP replies, ICMP echo replies, IGMP join messages, and other upstream traffic. When SEMs are configured in loop through-configuration, Motorola requires the network to be bi-directional, so that the last SEM in the daisy chain has a physical connection back to the GigE switch. The use of loop-through mode with uni-directional networks is not supported. Figure 2-4 illustrates two SEM daisy chains off of an L2 switch.

19

2 OVERVIEW

Figure 2-4 Two SEM daisy chains L2 Switch

SEM 2 ARP Req

TX

TX

RX

SEM 1

RX G i g E 1

SEM 2 ARP Req

SEM 2 ARP Req Bi-directional Network Connection

SEM 2

RX

TX

G i g E 1

SEM 2 ARP Reply RX

TX

SEM 3 G i g E 1

(SEM 3 passes ARP Reply from SEM 2)

SEM 2 ARP Reply

TX

SEM 2 ARP Req

RX

RX TX

SEM 4 G i g E 1

SEM 2 ARP Req RX

TX

SEM 5 G i g E 1

SEM 2 ARP Req SEM 6

RX

TX

G i g E 1

(SEM 2 ARP Request terminates here)

In the upper daisy chain, ARP requests from the L2 switch are forwarded through the chain from SEM 1 GigE-1 down the chain, through SEM 2, to the SEM 3 GigE-1 input, which is configured as a loop through (LT) terminator. The other GigE-1 ports of SEM 1 and SEM 2 are enabled as loop through interfaces. A SEM’s GigE-1 and/or GigE-2 port is enabled from a drop-down list as a loop through or LT terminator on the SEM Input/Output Configuration–Gigabit Ethernet window, which is displayed from the SEM-EM. A SEM’s GigE-3 port cannot be used in daisy chains, as only GigE-1 and GigE-2 ports are valid. As shown in Figure 2-5, each SEM in the chain passes data destined only for it to its network stack. It filters out that data, injects new data from the network stack, and passes all other remaining information to the next SEM in the chain.

20

2 OVERVIEW Figure 2-5 SEM with loop through interface

From Switch or previous SEM in chain RX

TX

Pass data destined for SEM.

Copy Frames

G i g E 1 G i g E 2

Pass all frames except unicast for this interface and pass frames injected by this SEM.

To Network Stack

From Network Stack

G i g E 3

To next SEM in chain

Loop Through

(GigE-3 not used for chaining SEMs)

As shown in Figure 2-6, the LT terminator performs all of the functions of a pass through interface; however, it also passes ARP replies, Echo replies, IGMP join messages, etc., from the entire chain back onto the network. It terminates any traffic that was not injected from the SEMs in the daisy chain group. To filter information packets accordingly, the SEM with the LT terminator port knows the MAC addresses of the other SEMs in the daisy chain group. This information is determined autonomously and therefore does not have to be configured from the SEM-EM. Figure 2-6 SEM with LT terminator interface

From previous SEMs in chain RX To switch TX

G i g E 1 G i g E 2 G i g E 3

Copy Frames

Pass data destined for this SEM.

Pass all frames except unicast for this interface and pass frames injected by previous SEMs in chain and this SEM. Terminate all traffic that can create loops, which will cause switch port shutdown.

(GigE-3 not used for chaining SEMs)

21

To Network Stack

From Network Stack

LT Terminator

2 OVERVIEW

Daisy Chain Ethernet Frame Processing Summary Table 2-3 summarizes Ethernet frame processing in a daisy chain: Table 2-3 Ethernet frame processing summary Ethernet Frame Type

SEM GigE 1-2 Configuration Loop Through

LT Terminator

Single cast Ethernet frames not addressed to SEM

Do not use. Pass on to chain.

Block all upstream Ethernet traffic with the exception of those frames whose source MAC addresses are one of those comprising the daisy chain group.

Single cast Ethernet frames addressed to SEM

Use. Do not pass on to chain.

Broadcast Ethernet frames

Process frame to assess if it is of interest to SEM. Always pass to chain for use by other SEMs.

Multicast Ethernet frames

Use if multicast MAC address of frame is consistent with a multicast group joined by the SEM. Always pass on to chain for possible use by other SEMs on the chain.

GigE Data Rate Limitations When in loop through or loop through terminator mode, the SEM can also be in GigE Redundant mode. This allows a SEM to actually receive and transmit more than 1Gbps of data. Since the SEM is copying all data that is forwarded, it needs to temporarily buffer this data. In order to prevent the SEM from overflowing its internal GigE Ethernet buffers, it is recommended that the total GigE MPEG input data rate not exceed 1.24Gbps (assuming 7 MPEG packets per UDP packet). In a loop through with redundancy configuration, this would be equivalent to a cluster of 4 SEMs with each receiving eight 38.81 Mbps (310Mbps) streams. Each SEM would be receiving 620Mbps on each GigE interface, for a total of 1.24Gbps.

Physical Overview The SEM mounts in a standard 19 inch equipment rack. It occupies one rack unit (1.75 vertical inches) and does NOT require a one rack unit blank panel cooling space above and below it. Cooling air is drawn in the front panel of the SEM and exits the rear fans. 22

2 OVERVIEW

Figure 2-7 illustrates the SEM and its physical dimensions: Figure 2-7 SEM dimensions

Fan stud 18.2” (47 cm) 17.3” (44 cm)

17.0” (44 cm)

16.0” (41 cm)

19.0” (49 cm)

1.75” (45mm) Mounting ear

Dimensions* • Overall depth from front panel to end of fan studs • Depth from mounting ears to end of fan studs (meets European Telecommunications Standards Institute [ETSI] standards)

18.2 inches (47 cm)

• Depth from mounting ears to rear panel

16 inches (41 cm)

• Width

17 inches (44 cm)

• Height

1.75 inches (45 mm)

Approximate Weight

12 pounds (5.44 Kgs)

Mounting

Rack mount

17.3 inches (44 cm)

*Minimum required rack depth is 18.5 inches (47 cm). Depth from mounting ears to end of fan studs is 17.3 inches (44 cm), which provides 1.2 inches (3 cm) air-flow space. Cable radius space is 2.5 inches (6 cm), as the cables connect to the rear panel, which is 16 inches (41 cm) from the mounting ears.

Refer to Appendix A, "Specifications" for complete physical, electrical, and environmental specifications.

Front Panel Indicators and Connectors Figure 2-8 illustrates the SEM front panel indicators and connectors: 23

2 OVERVIEW Figure 2-8 Front panel indicators and connectors ASI Status

RS-232 Test Port 5

3

4

9

8

2

7

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1

GigE 2

Enet 3

1

2

ASI

SEM v8

Monitor ASI MONITOR Port

SmartStream Encryptor Modulator

1

6

1

2

3

4

5

6

Table 2-4 summarizes the function of each front panel connector and indicator: Table 2-4 SEM front panel connectors and indicators Key

Connector/Indicator

1

Description Nine-pin RS-232 Test Port (behind front bezel) — an interface used to access internal diagnostics from the operating system command line shell. It also provides an alternate method to configure the SEM.

RS-232 Test Port 5

4

9

3

8

2

7

1

6

Top row connector pins are: 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 Bottom row connector pins are: 9, 8, 7, 6 2

Status/Summary Alarm indicator illuminates during the power-on or reboot cycle for the following conditions:

Status

• Blinking Red — powered on and performing initial boot code memory tests. • Blinking Yellow — boot code memory tests have passed. Performing low level initialization. This includes initialization of processor, requesting BOOTP or DHCP, and downloading of SEM application files. • Blinking Green — SEM has loaded application code and is performing final hardware initialization. This also includes start up of all software tasks. After the SEM has completed booting, the Status/Summary Alarm indicator illuminates for the following conditions:

3

ASI 1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

• Solid Green — power on and no faults. • Solid Yellow — indicates a minor or warning alarm has occurred. • Solid Red — indicates a critical or major alarm has occurred. ASI indicators 1 through 8 — each illuminates to indicate ASI input validity or ASI output active, as follows: • Solid Green — indicates MPEG sync if ASI is used for input. • Solid Yellow — indicates used for output if ASI is configured as an output. • Solid Red — indicates port is enabled for input and input is not active (no ASI signal detected).

4 1

24

GigE 2

3

• GigE indicators 1, 2, 3 — each illuminates to indicate Ethernet link, data, and optics status as follows: • Off — no link or link down (the auto-negotiation failed, no communication to partner, or no link pulse observed). • Solid Green — link up (auto-negotiation link pulse activity, partners agree on capabilities, but no data traffic). • Blinking Green — link up and traffic (both transmit and receive). • Solid Red — faulty or failed optical interface. Can also

2 OVERVIEW Key

Connector/Indicator

5

indicate that a GigE port is enabled, but no SFP modules installed. 10/100Base-T Ethernet indicators 1 and 2 — each illuminates to indicate Ethernet link, data, and collision status as follows:

Enet 1

2

6 ASI Monitor Port

25

Description

• Off — no link or link down (the auto-negotiation failed, no communication to partner, or no link pulse observed). • Solid Green — link up (auto-negotiation link pulse activity, partners agree on capabilities, but no data traffic). • Blinking Green — link up and traffic (both transmit and receive). • Alternating Green/Yellow —- collision detected (if in half-duplex mode, 10/100Base-T only). Light LED for 100 msec after detection of collision. During high collisions appears as alternating green-yellow. ASI Monitor Port — can be used to monitor a selected output stream prior to encryption (reference the Output Transport Stream Configuration window in Section 4, "Setup and Operation" for monitor port selection).

2 OVERVIEW

Input/Output and Power Connectors Figure 2-9 illustrates the SEM rear panel input/output and power connectors. Also illustrated are the alarm contact connector and fans. Figure 2-9 SEM rear panel -40 - -60 6A MAX 230W MAX

10

3

10 FAN 2

FAN 1 ALARM

NC

C

5 CLASS 1 LASER PRODUCT

Enet1

Complies with 21 CFR 1040.10 and 1040.11

RF

NO

#1

RF

RF

#2

#3

RF

#4

10 FAN 3

9

ASI-2

In

ASI-3

ASI-5

ASI-4

ASI-6

1

I/O

ASI-7

ASI-8

2

11

8

GND

100 - 240V ~ 50 - 60Hz

Gigabit Ethernet

10/100 base-T Ethernet ASI-1

GND

GigE1

GigE2

GigE3

4

2.6 - 1.1A 230W MAX

Enet2

6

7

Table 2-5 summarizes the function of each rear panel connector: Table 2-5 SEM rear panel connectors Key

Connector

Description

1

ASI-1

In

ASI-2

Asynchronous Serial Interfaces one through four (ASI-1 through ASI-4) are dedicated inputs. These are 75 Ohm BNC connectors. ASI-3

ASI-4

2

ASI-5

ASI-6

Four (ASI-5 through ASI-8) of the eight ASIs can be configured as inputs or outputs under software control. These are 75 Ohm BNC connectors.

I/O

ASI-7

ASI-8

3 RF

#1

RF

#2

RF

#3

RF

4 GigE1

5

GigE2

GigE3

#4

The optional QAM/UC module outputs eight QAM RF carriers. Each of the four RF connectors output a pair of RF QAM carriers on adjacent channels. These are F-type connectors. The GigE SFP transceivers can transmit and receive MPEG transport streams. (Reference Appendix B, "Cabling Specifications and Approved SFP Transceiver Vendors" for approved SFP vendors.) ENET1 is a 10/100Base-T Ethernet interface (OAM&P) that receives remultiplexing, message extraction, message insertion, and encryption commands from an external controller. This is a standard RJ-45 connector.

Enet1

6

ENET2 is a 10/100Base-T Ethernet interface (Data IP) that can be used to receive pre-packetized MPEG data. Enet2

7 100 - 240V ~ 50 - 60Hz

2.6 - 1.1A 230W MAX

26

GND

The AC power input connector accepts inputs from 100 through 240 Vac (50 through 60 Hz).

2 OVERVIEW Key 8

Connector

Description

-40 - -60 6A MAX 230W MAX

GND

9

The DC power input connector accepts inputs from –40 through –60 Vdc.

The Alarm Contact connector activates for the following fault conditions: ALARM

NC

C

NO

• Loss of power • Failed power-up/self-test sequence (failed memory checks, checksum failure, or failure to properly load code). • Detection of faulty/failed hardware/firmware by the host processor (unable to communicate with ACP module, GigE processor/ASI interface controller, or QAM/UC module, etc.). • Over temperature condition. The Alarm Contact connector provides a Form-C relay contact closure whose ratings are not to exceed 30V (AC or DC), 0.5A (AC or DC), and 3W maximum. Example valid contact loads are: 30V @ 100mA, 6V @ 500mA, 12V @ 250mA, etc. Voltage multiplied by current (V x I) must never exceed 3W.

27

10

Three field replaceable fans extend from the rear of the SEM. To replace a fan, reference Appendix D, “Fan Field Replacement Procedure.”

11

Ground stud.

3 INSTALLATION Step-by-step instructions to install the SEM are covered under: •

Mounting the SEM

•

Installing the GigE SFP transceivers

•

Connecting the interface cables

•

Applying power to the unit

•

Confirming SEM Power-on Sequencing

Before You Begin Before you begin the installation, take a few minutes to review the installation information, gather special tools, and complete the tasks listed below to make the installation as quick and easy as possible: 1. Verify that you received the following items with the SEM shipment: Item

Quantity

Description

SEM unit

1

The SEM device configured with hardware as ordered.

Mounting screws, 10-32, 0.5 inches long, Phillips, round

4

Provided to mount the unit in the rack.

As applicable,

1

Power cord for unit.

• AC cord, 3 conductor, 7 feet 6 inches, 18AWG, or • DC cord, 3 conductor, 15 feet, 14 AWG

2. As determined by the SEM system implementation and installed options, the following items, which are not included with the SEM, are required to complete the installation (reference Appendix B, "Cabling Specifications and Approved SFP Transceiver Vendors" for cable characteristics):

29

Item

Description (rear panel connections)

One Ethernet cable with RJ-45 connector

For connection to OAM&P system interface ENET1.

One Ethernet cable with RJ-45 connector and ferrite bead (Stewart part number 28A2025-0A0)

In-band data service connection to ENET2 (not implemented in initial SEM release).

Four RF coaxial cables with F-type connectors

For connection to the optional QAM/UC module dual channel upconverters RF #1 through RF #4.

Eight ASI cables with BNC-type connectors

For connection to ASI interfaces ASI-1 through ASI-8.

3 INSTALLATION Item

Description (rear panel connections)

Three vendor approved SFP transceivers (as listed in Appendix B, "Cabling Specifications and Approved SFP Transceiver Vendors") with applicable cables.

For the three rear panel GigE ports.

3. Obtain or fabricate any necessary cables. Check the cabling guidelines provided in Appendix B, "Cabling Specifications," for the length restrictions, connector, and cable or wire type for each connection required for your system.

Mounting the SEM Mount the SEM in a standard 19 inch rack. It is NOT necessary to provide an open space above and below the unit for air-flow. If the equipment operates continuously in a closed cabinet, use forced-air circulation to ensure maximum equipment life and optimum performance. Caution: Improper grounding may damage the SEM. Refer to the national guidelines or local standards for the SEM proper grounding to equipment racks and to the building grounding system. The rack is to be secured to the building structure before SEM operation. To mount the unit in the rack: 1. Insert the four screws with the washers through the four mounting holes in the front panel and into the mounting holes in the rack, as illustrated in Figure 3-1: Figure 3-1 Rack mounting

Front

2. 30

Tighten all screws.

3 INSTALLATION

Installing/Removing GigE SFP Transceivers For a list of approved SFP transceivers, refer to Appendix B — Cabling Specifications and Approved SFP Transceiver Vendors. To install an SFP transceiver: 1. Remove the dust plug from the SEM rear panel GigE port. (Save the dust plug should it become necessary to recap the port when not in use.) 2. As shown in Figure 3-2, ensure the SFP transceiver door is closed and that the hinge faces down, toward the bottom of the SEM. Refer to vendor documentation for specific SFP transceiver installation instructions. 3. Gently push SFP transceiver into GigE port. To remove an SFP transceiver: 1. Open hinge door of SFP transceiver. 2. Gently pull SFP transceiver from the GigE port. Refer to vendor documentation for specific SFP transceiver removal instructions. 3. Install a dust plug in the GigE port if it will not be used. Figure 3-2 Typical SFP transceiver installation/removal Installation

SEM rear panel Door is closed PUSH Hinge on bottom

Removal

Step 1

SEM rear panel Rotate door 90º to open

Hinge on bottom SEM rear panel

Step 2

Door is open PULL Hinge on bottom

31

3 INSTALLATION

Refer to vendor documentation for proper handling, cleaning, and maintenance of SFP transceivers: http://www.infineon.com/fiberoptic http://www.ocp-inc.com http://www.methode.com http://www.agilent.com http://www.finisar.com

Connecting the Interface Cables The Ethernet interface cable from ENET1 to the headend LAN is the only standard cabling. All other interface cabling is contingent upon the SEM configuration as defined by the system implementation. Figure 3-3 shows the location of the various I/O ports. The insertion/removal of connectors from the SEM can be facilitated with common “F” and “BNC” tools. Typical tools are the “F” connector removal tool from Toner (part number XQT) and the “BNC” tool from Techni-Tool (part number 702SC007). Figure 3-3 SEM rear panel I/O cable connectors Each of the four QAM RF connectors outputs a pair of RF QAM carriers on adjacent channels.

NC

C

CLASS 1 LASER PRODUCT

Enet1

Complies with 21 CFR 1040.10 and 1040.11

RF

NO

#1

RF

#2

RF

#3

RF

#4

FAN 3

FAN 2

FAN 1 ALARM

ENET1 is a 10/100 BaseT Ethernet interface used for headend LAN connection.

ASI-2

In

ASI-3

ASI-4

ASI 1-4 are inputs only. Each can pass a single MPTS up to 213 Mbps.

ASI-5

ASI-6

I/O

ASI-7

ASI-8

ASI 5-8 can be configured as inputs or outputs. Each can pass a single MPTS up to 213 Mbps for inputs and 206 Mbps for outputs.

100 - 240V ~ 50 - 60Hz

GND

GND

Gigabit Ethernet

10/100 base-T Ethernet ASI-1

-40 - -60 6A MAX 230W MAX

GigE1

GigE2

GigE3

2.6 - 1.1A 230W MAX

Enet2

GigE 1-3 can transmit and receive MPEG TS. Usually, GigE-2&3 are used to receive TS and GigE-1 is used to transport encrypted streams to the distribution network.

ENET2 is a10/100 BaseT Ethernet interface that can receive pre-packetized MPEG packets from the UDP/IP and Ethernet.

SEM Power Connection to AC Power For ac units, use only an ac-power cord that complies with the country’s product safety requirements. For ac units, connect the ac-power cord after all I/O connections are complete. The power supply automatically senses and adapts to any input from 100 through 240 V ac, at 50 through 60 Hz.

32

3 INSTALLATION

Caution: To prevent electrical shock, do not use the polarized power cord with an extension cord, receptacle, or other outlet unless all blades can be fully inserted to prevent blade exposure.

SEM Power Connection to DC Power For dc units, use the provided dc power cord assembly. For dc units, connect the dc-power cord after all I/O connections are complete. The power supply automatically senses and adapts to any input from ) –40 through –60 V dc. Caution: The SEM with dc power must be installed in a restricted access area. The input of the power supply is isolated from chassis ground. Either the positive or the negative input terminal can be grounded, as determined by the application. See the table below for typical –48 V dc system installation: Line Cord Wire Color

Description

Typical Connection for –48 V dc System

Red

Hot (–)

Connect to negative terminal of 48 V dc source.

Black

Return (+)

Connect to positive terminal of 48 V dc source. Positive terminal of 48 V dc source may be connected to chassis ground.

Green with yellow stripe

Chassis Ground

Connect to chassis ground.

Confirming SEM Power-on Sequencing After applying power, the STATUS LED indicates SEM sequencing as follows: •

Initially, the STATUS LED is flashing red to indicate the SEM is performing a memory test.

•

The STATUS LED illuminates flashing yellow to indicate a successful memory test completion and boot code execution.

•

The STATUS LED then starts flashing green to indicate application code is configuring the SEM for operation.

•

When the STATUS LED is solid green, it indicates the unit is operational.

•

All of the ASI and GigE ports blink red, and then green.

If the STATUS LED is yellow or solid red, and the error does not prevent activating the SEM-EM, reference Section 5, “SEM Verification.” If the STATUS LED is yellow or solid red and the error precludes activating the SEM-EM to perform the SEM verification, reference Section 6, “Troubleshooting” for procedures to help rectify any problems. 33

4 SETUP AND OPERATION If implemented in a broadcast system, you must configure the SEM in its associated DAC 6000 database. When implemented in VOD systems that require encryption, you must configure the SEM in the Device Manager database. The SEM Element Manager (SEM-EM) is used to configure the SEM. For systems that do not require encryption, the SEM-EM can also serve as an SEM controller. After the SEM parameters are configured using the SEM-EM, proceed to Section 5, “SEM Verification.”

Network Connection At power-up, the operating configuration of the SEM is determined by data stored internally in flash memory, by data that is downloaded from a bootstrap protocol (BOOTP) server, or a DHCP server on the system LAN. The particular method used to set up initial operation depends on the system configuration. After setting the initial operating configuration, modify the configuration by: •

Sending commands from an SNMP network manager (such as the SEM-EM).

•

Forcing a reboot to download a new configuration to the SEM from the BOOTP or DHCP server. The SEM only processes BOOTP and DHCP responses from the OAM&P interface (ENET1).

(MAC addresses for the three GigE ports and two Ethernet ports are included on the serial number label on the bottom of the SEM.)

Verifying the Network Connection Ping the SEM OAM&P interface to ensure the IP address was assigned. At bootup, the OAM&P interface, ENET1, should be connected to the local network. The SEM will always attempt to auto-negotiate at bootup and will set the duplex and data rate (10 Mbps or 100 Mbps) depending on the results of the auto-negotiation process. If the Data IP interface ENET2 is to be used, it should also be connected to its own network at bootup. ENET1 and ENET2 must be on separate networks.

SEM–EM Requirements The SmartStream Encryptor Modulator–Element Manager (SEM-EM) standalone application is downloaded from the SEM and runs under JRE 1.2.2 and above (up to 1.5).

35

4 SETUP AND OPERATION

Browsers Recommended web browsers to run the SEM-EM are reasonably current versions of Netscape Navigator® (latest version is 8.1) or Microsoft® Internet Explorer (latest version is 6.0). Browser or proxy settings are not required. The latest versions of these browsers can be downloaded from the following web sites: •

http://www.netscape.com (click on Browser Central)

•

http://www.microsoft.com (click on Resources, and then Downloads)

•

To view the Java™-enabled console, you also must download the Sun® Java Runtime Environment (JRE), version 1.2.2 or higher (up to 1.5.0). The JRE can be downloaded from the Sun Web site at: http://java.sun.com/getjava

Hardware The SEM-EM is like most Windows® applications: the faster the processor and the greater the memory, the faster the SEM-EM will respond. Systems with more than 512 MB and/or more memory are highly recommended. Also, the larger the display window and/or the higher the resolution, the better the SEM-EM display clarity. Item

Minimum Specification

Recommended Specification

PC Processor

300 MHz Pentium® II

P4 1.0 GHz

RAM

128 MB

512 MB

Disk free space

50 MB

50 MB

Display resolution (minimum)

800 x 600

1024 x 768

Operating Systems The SEM-EM runs under Microsoft Windows NT® version 4.0, Windows® 2000, or Windows XP™.

36

4 SETUP AND OPERATION

Initiating an SEM-EM Session To start a session using the SEM-EM: 1. Invoke the system browser and enter the SEM IP address in the URL address field. Typically, the OAM&P network is used to communicate with the SEM via the SEM-EM. However, the Data IP network may also be used (after it is properly configured). The addressed SEM home page appears, as shown in Figure 4-1: Figure 4-1 Initiating an SEM-EM session

2. As applicable: •

Click the hyperlink to download the JRE 1.2.2 from the Sun website (if no connection occurs, visit the Sun website and search for JRE downloads).

•

Download the SEM-EM application.

The file download pop-up appears, as shown in Figure 4-2: Figure 4-2 File download pop-up

3. Click Save this file to Disk and click OK. Note that the name of the SEM-EM file, semem.jar, can be changed to denote a specific SEM or SEM version (for example, sem620.jar). However, the file extension must be “.jar.” 37

4 SETUP AND OPERATION

4. To launch the SEM-EM after the application downloads, either double-click the downloaded semem.jar (recommended) or access MS-DOS and, at the command line, type: java –jar semem.jar

and press ENTER.

(type java^-jar^semem.jar where ^ means press spacebar) The SEM Element Manager Login window, shown in Figure 4-3, displays (a typical IP address is shown): Figure 4-3 SEM Element Manager Login window

5. Type a (root is the default). 6. Type a (password is the default). 7. Type the or select an SEM from the drop-down list. (The drop-down list contains the most recently accessed SEMs.) 8. Click OK. If an incorrect password or user name was entered, an error popup displays, as shown in Figure 4-4: Figure 4-4 Incorrect password error popup

38

4 SETUP AND OPERATION

If there is an active SEM Unit Alarm, the Alarms window displays, as shown in Figure 4-5: Figure 4-5 Alarms window

If the SEM does not have an active SEM Unit Alarm, the SEM-EM Main window is displayed as shown in Figure 4-6. The drop-down lists for each of the menu bar selections are shown in Figure 4-7, Figure 4-8, Figure 4-14, Figure 4-52, and Figure 4-67.

39

4 SETUP AND OPERATION Figure 4-6 SEM_EM Main window

SEM-EM Software Toolset The SEM-EM is the primary interface to the SEM for setup and operation. It is a remote user interface based on a Java application that enables you to monitor an SEM remotely and locally. The software toolset has four drop-down lists that enable access to screen-sets, as follows: •

System — provides screen-sets to reboot the SEM, invoke pop-up information about the SEM, or exit the SEM-EM application.

•

Configuration — provides screen-sets to configure SEM parameters for the system, for I/O, PSIP, SimulCrypt, QAM and upconverters, and output transport streams.

•

VOD Control — provides screen-sets for UDP mapping, manual remultiplexing, ASI demultiplexing, or eight-channel UDP mapping.

•

Status — provides the capability to view any of the status reports and to save all of them to a text file.

Windows within a majority of the screen-sets are tab selected. Each window has operating buttons that appear at the bottom-right:

40

4 SETUP AND OPERATION

41

Button

Function

State

Close

Closes the dialogue. All changes not applied are lost.

Always enabled

Apply

Saves (writes) all changes to the SEM. For dynamic fields, changes take effect immediately. Changes to fields that are not dynamic require the SEM to be rebooted to take effect.

Always enabled

Refresh

Loads (reads) values for all fields from the SEM. All changes not applied are lost. If you change a field and do not apply it, clicking refresh restores the original value.

Always enabled

Submit

Saves (writes) user name and password changes to the SEM.

Always enabled

4 SETUP AND OPERATION

System When logged in as “root,” clicking System on the SEM-EM menu bar displays the drop-down list, as illustrated in Figure 4-7. Figure 4-7 System drop-down list as user “root”

When logged in as a user other than “root,” clicking System on the SEM-EM menu bar displays the drop-down list, as illustrated in Figure 4-8. Figure 4-8 System drop-down list as other user

As shown in the following four figures, from the System drop-down list you can invoke windows to reboot the SEM, manage user names and passwords, display current SEM revision level information, or exit the SEM-EM.

42

4 SETUP AND OPERATION

Reboot The Reboot SEM popup is illustrated in Figure 4-9. Figure 4-9 Reboot SEM popup

Click Yes to reboot the SEM. Administration The Administration window is only accessible while logged in as “root.” The default user name is root, and the default password is password. The Administration window is illustrated in Figure 4-10. Figure 4-10 Administration window

43

4 SETUP AND OPERATION Item

Definition

Current User Names

User “root” is always displayed. If an additional user has been added, this user name will be displayed as well.

Remove User

Deletes the selected user name from the SEM-EM. User “root” cannot be removed.

Set Password

Opens the Set Password window, which allows the user to change the current password. The Set Password window is illustrated in Figure 4-11 below.

Password Expiration Check Enabled

If enabled, the SEM-EM will check for password expiration each time a login occurs or right after a reboot or reprogram. If disabled, the password will never expire.

Password Expiration Time

1 – 999 days; default value – 90 days. The number of days a password remains valid after it is created.

Setting Figure 4-11 Set Password window

The Setting menu item is only accessible while logged in as a user other than “root.” This opens the Set Password Window. It allows the current user’s password to be changed. Consistent with standard software procedures, changing requires entering the current user name or password followed by the new one. A password change requires the new password to be entered twice before clicking Submit.

44

4 SETUP AND OPERATION

About The About popup is illustrated in Figure 4-12. Figure 4-12 About popup

Click OK to acknowledge and remove the popup. Exit The Exit popup is illustrated in Figure 4-13. Figure 4-13 Exit popup

Click Yes to exit or click No to remove the popup.

45

4 SETUP AND OPERATION

Configuration Clicking Configuration on the SEM-EM menu bar displays the drop-down list, as illustrated in Figure 4-14. Figure 4-14 Configuration drop-down list

The Configuration screen-sets described in the subsections that follow are: SEM System Configuration •

SEM Device Operating Mode

•

System Time

•

Ethernet •

Fast Ethernet Multicast Configuration

•

Command Interface

•

EAS

•

Traps

•

Advanced

•

PID Remapping

SEM Input/Output Configuration • 46

ASI Ports

4 SETUP AND OPERATION

•

Gigabit Ethernet

•

Redundant Gigabit Ethernet

•

Redundant Gigabit Ethernet

•

•

GigE Static Table Configuration

•

Status – GigE Routing Table Status

•

GigE Static ARP Table Configuration

•

VLAN/CFM Configuration

•

IGMP Configuration

•

GigE Input UDP Port Configuration

Advanced

PSIP Configuration •

PSIP configuration

SimulCrypt Configuration (not shown) •

General

•

SCS-ECMG

•

EMMG-Mux

•

Status

QAM and Up Converter Configuration •

Annex B (DCII)

•

Annex A (DVB)

•

Annex C

Output Transport Stream Configuration •

OTS Cable Encryptor

•

OTS Manual Routing

•

OTS UDP Mapping

•

ASI Demultiplexing

•

Eight Channel UDP Mapping •

47

Output Transport Stream Utilization Monitoring

4 SETUP AND OPERATION

SEM System Configuration — SEM Device Operating Mode The SEM Device Operating Mode panel is located at the top of the SEM System Configuration window. If the operating mode is changed, it must be saved and the SEM must be rebooted for the change to take effect. There are two types of SEM operating modes: external and internal. •

External mode, such as Cable Encryptor, is used when the SEM is externally controlled. In most cases, the external controller is a DAC 6000.

•

Internal mode, such as Manual Routing, is used when the SEM is controlled through an SNMP manager, such as the SEM-EM

The panel is illustrated in Figure 4-15. The operating mode is selected according to SEM implementation. Figure 4-15 SEM Device Operating Mode panel

There are up to eight operating modes in the drop-down list: External modes: 1. Cable Encryptor — broadcast cable system applications and real-time encryption VOD applications. 2. SimulCrypt — used to emulate SimulCrypt encryption. SimulCrypt requires an installed ACP module, SimulCrypt to be enabled, and entitlements, fulfilled for this operating mode to appear in the SEM Device Operating Mode drop-down list as a selectable item. Internal modes: 3. Manual Routing — operator input controls the SEM-EM, acting as a surrogate controller. 4. UDP Mapping — VOD system algorithm controls the SEM-EM, acting as a surrogate controller. 5. Standardized UDP Mapping — another VOD system algorithm controls the SEM-EM, acting as a surrogate controller. 6. Eight Channel UDP Mapping — used to emulate SEM-like devices that have eight QAM outputs. 7. ASI Demultiplexing — ASI inputs to GigE and/or QAM outputs, whereby starting and ending program service ranges are defined for outputs associated to specific ASI inputs. It is a quicker alternative than using Manual Remapping, which entails defining each service output individually. 8. ISA Switched Digital Video - SEM acts as an Edge Device that receives and processes commands from two external sources using RPC protocol. Only GigE to QAM mappings are allowed. 48

4 SETUP AND OPERATION

SEM System Configuration — System Time The System Time window is used to identify the system time source. The System Time window is illustrated in Figure 4-16 and defined in Table 4-1: Figure 4-16 System Time window

49

4 SETUP AND OPERATION Table 4-1 System Time window field definitions Item

Definition

*SEM System Time

This value is the System Time, which is used to start and stop Load SEM commands. The internal system time is initialized when the SEM gets its first time update from the designated source. The internal time is then validated each time there is an update from the time source. Corrections are made to keep the internal time consistent with the time source. The second line shows the system time reported in Global Positioning System (GPS) seconds. The time displayed is only relevant when the SEM is configured to receive GPS time from an external source. When the time source is set to Internal, the SEM System Time is not used.

System Up Time

Indicates the run time of the SEM since the last reboot.

*Time Source

The SEM requires a Time Source to execute Load SEM commands. The Time Source can be configured to come from Load SEM commands, be extracted from an ASI input stream, or come from an SNTP time source. Drop-down options are:

Use Local PC Time

50

• Load SEM –— Time Source is from Load SEM commands provided by an external controller. Only applicable when the SEM is externally controlled (through Cable Encryptor or SimulCrypt operating modes). • *ASI Input Stream — Time Source derives from an ASI input port (DCII System Time message). • ASI Input Port — only applicable and displayed when the Time Source is set to ASI Input Stream and provides the ASI input port providing the system time. • *SNTP — Time Source derives from an SNTP server. If an SNTP server is not specified, time is received from any SNTP server. • SNTP Server — IP address of the SNTP server. Only applicable and displayed when the Time Source is set to SNTP. System time will only be received from the specified SNTP server. The SEM will specifically poll for SNTP time from the specified server and will only accept SNTP replies from the specified server. The SEM will poll for SNTP time every 64 seconds. • UTC Offset — the Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) offset in seconds, which is used when converting UTC time from the local time server into GPS time used by the SEM. When Time Source is SNTP, this is the value used to adjust the received UTC time to GPS time. For all other Time Source settings, this is the UTC value received from the Time Source (ASI input or Load SEM). • Internal — Time Source is internal (no actual GPS time is maintained). Only applicable when the SEM is configured in an internal operating mode (UDP Mapping, Manual Routing, or ASI Demultiplexing). Sets SEM System Time to the Current Local PC Time. This setting is applicable only if Time Source is set to “Internal.” This setting is not maintained during a reboot (must be re-applied upon rebooting the SEM). This setting is useful when no external time source is available (such as an SNTP server). This allows the SEM to use a current time reference for logs.

4 SETUP AND OPERATION Item

Definition

Current Local Time

The current time and date of the PC that is running the SEM-EM. This field is only viewable if Time Source is set to “Internal.”

UTC Offset

This value is the Universal Time Coordinated (UTC) offset from GPS time. Subtract this value from GPS time to convert from GPS to UTC. When the Time Source is SNTP, this value can be set to specify the UTC offset that the SEM will use in calculating GPS time. When the Time Source is from an input stream or Load SEM command, this value is not configurable. It is displayed as a status item to show the UTC value received from the input stream or Load SEM command.

*Change requires SEM reboot.

SEM System Configuration — Ethernet The Ethernet window provides the capability to select the boot method and identify the host default gateway. It provides the capability to view MAC addresses of ENET1 and ENET2, as well as the capability to define the IP Addresses and Subnet Masks (if applicable) for both of these Ethernet ports. ENET1 and ENET2 must be on different networks. The Ethernet window is illustrated in Figure 4-17 and defined in Table 4-2.

51

4 SETUP AND OPERATION Figure 4-17 Ethernet window

Table 4-2 Ethernet window field definitions Item

Definition

*Boot Method

Provides four selections to set the boot method of the SEM: 1.

No DHCP or BOOTP

2.

DHCP Only

3.

BOOTP Only

4.

DHCP and BOOTP

The Boot Method determines how the SEM will perform the bootup process on the next reboot. When setting the SEM to No DHCP or BOOTP, this ensures that the SEM will not download a new configuration file or a new code image. When the SEM is to be upgraded, the Boot Method must be set to either perform DHCP or BOOTP. Note: The SEM only processes BOOTP and DHCP responses from ENET1. ENET2 cannot be used to BOOTP an SEM. *Host Default Gateway

52

The 32-bit IP address of the router interface acting as a gateway to remote or foreign networks. This address is normally provided during the

4 SETUP AND OPERATION Item

Definition BOOTP process, but can be changed once the SEM is booted.

Config Multicast

Clicking this button invokes the Fast Ethernet Multicast Configuration window, which is illustrated in Figure 4-18 and defined in Table 4-3.

MAC Address

View only MAC addresses of ENET1 and ENET2. These addresses are also provided on the serial number label on the bottom of the SEM. The addresses are set at the factory and cannot be changed. The string length is 17 characters in the format 'hh:hh:hh:hh:hh:hh', where 'hh' is a hexadecimal number.

*IP Address

The SEM ENET1 and ENET2 32-bit network addresses in xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx format. The ENET1 address is for the OAM&P network connection, and the ENET2 address is for a user-specified network connection. ENET1 and ENET2 must be configured on separate networks.

*Subnet Mask

The ENET1 and ENET2 32-bit subnet masks for their respective networks. When masking is employed, it indicates the network address and host ID portion of the IP address.

Network Speed

Ethernet speed (10 Mbps or 100 Mbps). This is determined by the results of the auto negotiation process. Default is 100 Mbps.

Duplex Mode

Ethernet duplex mode (full or half). This is determined by the results of the auto negotiation process. Default is Full.

Auto Negotiation

This setting is predefined by the SEM. It is not user configurable. The SEM Host Ethernet interfaces always perform auto-negotiation upon booting.

*Change requires SEM reboot.

53

4 SETUP AND OPERATION

SEM System Configuration — Ethernet — Fast Ethernet Multicast Configuration The Fast Ethernet Multicast Configuration window provides input identification for up to 16 input transport streams for ENET1 and for ENET2. A typical OAM&P ENET1 example would be the IP address of a RADD 6000 and the UDP Port identifier for downloading information inband to the set-top population through the SEM instead of the OM 1000. The DAC 6000, however, would actually implement the download. The configuration of multicast groups is dynamic, and does not require a reboot. However, the SEM joins a multicast group using the information in this window whenever a UDP port is opened. Therefore, if the UDP port is already opened, changing the multicast information for that specific UDP port is not applied until the UDP is closed and then re-opened. A UDP port is opened only when a service, PID, or transport stream is mapped from a UDP port to an output stream. When all mappings are removed, the UDP port is closed. Therefore, to change the multicast group on a UDP port requires that all mappings on the UDP port be deleted and then re-added. The Fast Ethernet Multicast Configuration window is illustrated in Figure 4-18 and defined in Table 4-3. Figure 4-18 Fast Ethernet Multicast Configuration window

54

4 SETUP AND OPERATION Table 4-3 Fast Ethernet Multicast Configuration window field definitions Item

Definition

*OAM&P Multicast IP

The ENET1 Multicast IP address (i.e., the Multicast IP group the SEM will join). The IP address must be a valid, non-reserved multicast address or set to 0.0.0.0 to indicate not in use. Reserved: 224.0.0.0 — 224.0.0.255 Valid Range: 224.0.1.0 — 239.255.255.255 Not In Use: 0.0.0.0.

*OAM&P UDP Port

The ENET1 UDP Port number associated with the Multicast IP address indicates that when the SEM is requested to open this UDP port, the SEM will automatically join the multicast group as defined by the associated multicast IP address. When a UDP port is assigned a Multicast IP address, the SEM will also receive singlecast and network broadcast packets on that UDP port. UDP Ports must be set to a valid UDP Port range outside of the IANA reserved range or set to 0 to indicate not in use: Reserved: 1 — 1023 Valid Range: 1024 — 65535 Not In Use: 0

*Data IP Multicast IP

The ENET2 Multicast IP address (i.e., the Multicast IP group the SEM will join). The IP address must be a valid, nonreserved multicast address or set to 0.0.0.0 to indicate not in use. Reserved: 224.0.0.0 — 224.0.0.255 Valid Range: 224.0.1.0 — 239.255.255.255 The address 0.0.0.0 is used to indicate not in use.

*Data IP UDP Port

The ENET2 UDP Port number associated with the Multicast IP address indicates that when the SEM is requested to open this UDP port, the SEM will automatically join the multicast group as defined by the associated multicast IP address. When a UDP port is assigned a Multicast IP address, the SEM will also receive singlecast and network broadcast packets on that UDP port. UDP Ports must be set to a valid UDP Port range outside of the IANA reserved range or set to 0 to indicate not in use: Reserved: 1 — 1023 Valid Range: 1024 — 65535 Not In Use: 0 The same Multicast IP address and UDP port cannot be assigned to both the OAM&P network and Data IP network.

Delete *Change requires SEM reboot.

55

Expedites clearing fields: check the boxes of those fields to be cleared to zeros, and click Apply.

4 SETUP AND OPERATION

SEM System Configuration — Command Interface The Command Interface tab appears only when Cable Encryptor or Simulcrypt 1 is selected from the SEM Device Operating Mode drop-down list. The Command Interface window is used to define the command port-to-port connection between the controller and the SEM. The SEM can only be externally controlled through the OAM&P interface (Enet-1). Enet-2 cannot be used to control an SEM. The Command Interface window is illustrated in Figure 4-19 and defined in Table 4-4. Figure 4-19 Command Interface window

56

4 SETUP AND OPERATION Table 4-4 Command Interface window field definitions Item

Definition

Multi-controller Enabled

This box enables multi-controller support. Multi-controller support allows the SEM to respond to any controller that initiates communications with it on the appropriate UDP port.

Multi-controller Log

This button opens the Multi-controller Log window.

Controller IP

The IP address of the local controller sending Load SEM commands, which is usually a DAC 6000, but may also be some other device. This address is required by the SEM to begin operations when the SEM is externally controlled. The default value is 0.0.0.0, which is an invalid IP address. The SEM will not begin normal operation if this value is not configured to a valid Class A, B, or C IP address. This parameter is only used if the Multicontroller is not enabled. This parameter takes immediate effect (no reboot required).

Controller Port

The port number of the local controller. The SEM uses this port when establishing UDP communications with the controller to receive Load SEM commands. The Controller UDP Port must be set to a valid UDP Port range outside of the IANA reserved range. Reserved: 0 — 1023 Valid Range: 1024 — 65535 This parameter is only used if Multi-controller is not enabled. This parameter takes immediate effect (no reboot required).

*SEM Port

The UDP port number of the SEM. The SEM accepts UDP messages at this port that are from the local controller. These messages include Load SEM messages and acknowledgements of report backs that the SEM has sent. This UDP port can only be used for the reception of Load SEM messages. Load SEM messages can only be received on the OAM&P interface (Enet-1). The SEM must be rebooted for this change to take effect.

57

4 SETUP AND OPERATION Item *Command Retry Period

Definition Specifies the number of seconds the SEM will retry Load SEM commands before invalidating them and sending a reportback. The default value is 30 seconds. Not all errors result in a retry, as some errors result in immediate reportback and deletion. It is highly recommended that this value not be changed without first consulting Motorola. The SEM must be rebooted for this change to take effect.

*Change requires SEM reboot.

Multi-controller Log The Multi-controller Log window displays the controller IP address, controller UDP port, and GPS time of the last 48 external controllers that the SEM received commands from since boot up. The most recent controller is listed at index 1. The Multi-controller Log window is illustrated in Figure 4-20. Figure 4-20 Multi-controller Log

58

4 SETUP AND OPERATION

SEM System Configuration — EAS The EAS tab is available in any SEM Device Operating Mode. The EAS window controls configuration of SCTE-18 Emergency Alert System message reception and insertion. Reception/insertion of SCTE-18 EAS messages can be enabled or disabled for each output stream. The user can configure the Host Ethernet interface, GigE interface, Host Ethernet Multicast IP address, and UDP port on which to receive EAS messages. GigE EAS multicast configuration is done via the GigE UDP Configuration screen. All configuration settings for EAS are dynamic (that is, they take immediate affect; no reboot is required.) A count of the number of EAS messages received is also provided. EAS messages received are re-inserted onto each EAS-enabled output stream. The exception to this rule is if the output stream is being mapped as a stream pass through. When an input stream is passed through to an output stream, the output stream contains the entire input stream content, and no insertion can be done on that output stream. The UDP port used for EAS reception is used solely for EAS reception. Services, PIDs, and streams cannot be mapped from the EAS UDP port. When EAS is enabled, the number of Host Ethernet or GigE input streams for service, PID, and stream mapping is reduced by 1 (1 input stream is reserved for EAS reception). The EAS window is illustrated in Figure 4-21 and defined in Table 4-5.

59

4 SETUP AND OPERATION Figure 4-21 EAS window

60

4 SETUP AND OPERATION Table 4-5 EAS window field definitions Item

Definition

Input Interface

Indicates the host fast Ethernet or GigE interface designated to receive the EAS messages.

Ethernet UDP Port

Indicates the UDP port designated to receive EAS messages. The EAS UDP Port must be set to a valid UDP Port range, outside of the IANA reserved range. Host Ethernet Valid UDP Port Ranges: 1024 – 65535 GigE Valid UDP Port Ranges: 0 – 65535 Default EAS UDP Port is 5050. This is the industry-standard EAS UDP port, and it is highly recommended that this UDP port not be changed. The EAS UDP port is restricted to receiving EAS messages only. No service, PID, or stream mappings can be done on the EAS input stream.

Host Ethernet Multicast IP

Indicates the Host Ethernet Multicast IP address designated to receive EAS messages. If the Multicast IP address is valid, EAS messages can be received as singlecast, network broadcast, or multicast on the specified Host Ethernet interface. The EAS Multicast IP address must be a valid, non-reserved multicast address, or set to 0.0.0.0 to indicate not in use. Reserved: 224.0.0.0 — 224.0.0.255 Valid Range: 224.0.1.0 — 239.255.255.255 Not In Use: 0.0.0.0 To configure a GigE EAS multicast address, use the GigE UDP Configuration screen. This screen will also allow the user to setup a redundant EAS input stream.

EAS Enable

Checkboxes to enable or disable EAS for each output stream.

EAS Messages Received

Indicates the total number of EAS messages received.

SEM System Configuration — Traps The Traps tab is available in any SEM Device Operating Mode. This window contains settings for Trap Receivers and Heartbeat. The Trap Receivers section controls configuration of up to four trap receiver IP addresses, as well as different throttling rates for each trap receiver. The Heartbeat section controls configuration of SEM generation of the Heartbeat trap message. The Heartbeat trap message is an indication that the SEM is operating. The Heartbeat trap message can be enabled or disabled, and the interval and destination IP address can be configured. The Traps window is illustrated in Figure 4-22 and defined in Table 4-6. 61

4 SETUP AND OPERATION Figure 4-22 Traps window

Table 4-6 Traps window field definitions

62

Item

Definition

Trap Receiver IP Address

Indicates the IP address of the destination trap receiver. This value can be a valid Singlecast or Multicast IP address (class A, B, C, or D). A value of 0.0.0.0 indicates that no destination receiver address is defined for the corresponding index.

Trap Receiver Throttling Rate

Valid values are 1 – 10, representing the maximum number of traps the SEM will issue in 1 second (to a specific trap receiver).

Heartbeat Enabled

Indicates heartbeats are enabled; however, destination receiver addresses must be configured before sending heartbeats.

Heartbeat Interval

Specifies how often heartbeats are sent. Values range from

4 SETUP AND OPERATION Item

Definition

(Seconds)

0.5 to 300 seconds. Destination IP #1 Indicates the IP address of the destination receiver. This value can be a valid Singlecast or Multicast IP address (Class A, B, C or D). A value of 0.0.0.0 indicates that no destination receiver address is defined for the corresponding index. If all entries have a value of 0.0.0.0, heartbeats are not sent.

SEM System Configuration — Advanced This window allows the user to control the encryption algorithm, insertion mode, auto-reboot, loss of PSI detection, Cable Encrypt Copy Protection source, and Cable Encryptor PIM Wildcard parameters. The Loss of PSI determines when a service that was previously received is no longer on the input stream. For a service to be remultiplexed by the SEM, the input PAT must reference the applicable service number. In addition, the input PMT must be received. The input PAT determines the input PMT PID value. When Loss of PSI detection is enabled, if either the PAT or the PMT are determined to be missing, the SEM will stop remultiplexing the service. This provides the user with a real time update for each service. The Output Program Status will be updated to reflect any changes to the input stream (missing/reception of PAT, missing/reception of PMT, and the processing/validation of the PMT). The Advanced window is illustrated in Figure 4-23 and defined in Table 4-7.

63

4 SETUP AND OPERATION Figure 4-23 Advanced window

64

4 SETUP AND OPERATION Table 4-7 Advanced window field definitions Item

Definition

*Encryption Algorithm

Controls the current scrambling mode of the SEM ACPs. 1 — DES (DCII, North America) 2 — CSA (DVB Common Scrambling Algorithm) This field is applicable only when the SEM has an ACP module installed and is either externally controlled or the CTE mode is enabled.

Message Insertion Mode

Sets the message insertion mode as efficient, singleSection, or twentyByte. The mode designators are: 1.

Efficient — messages are inserted as efficiently as possible. Messages that are on the same PID may be in the same MPEG packet. This allows for the most efficient insertion and uses the least amount of bandwidth.

2.

singleSection — message insertion is restricted to a single section starting a packet. All inserted messages start on a packet (each MPEG packet will contain only 1 message). This uses the most amount of bandwidth.

3.

twentyByte — message insertion is restricted to prevent any section from starting in the last twenty bytes of a packet. This is the same as efficient, except that no message can start in the last 20 bytes of an MPEG packet.

Changes to this parameter take immediate effect. Copy Protection Source

This determines the copy protection source when the SEM is in Cable Encryptor mode. The Copy Protection source setting determines how the SEM will update the output ECM (PRK) messages with CCI, APS, and CIT settings. The user selections are as follows: 1.

External Controller

2.

Input Program

The default selection is External Controller. In this mode, the External Controller, typically a DAC 6000, determines the copy protection settings. The SEM will insert the ECMs received from the DAC and will NOT alter the copy protection settings. When Input Program is selected, the SEM will use the input program’s copy protection settings to update the output PRK messages. In this case, the SEM continuously monitors the input PMT for a DTCP descriptor and uses those copy protection settings to update the output PRK. Using this selection allows the SEM to maintain the copy protection settings previously defined by an upstream device. This setting is not selectable or viewable unless the operating mode is set to Cable Encryptor.

65

4 SETUP AND OPERATION Item

Definition Changes to this parameter take immediate effect.

Detect Loss of Input PSI Enabled

When enabled, the SEM will detect a loss of an input stream or service based on the detection of PSI (PATs and PMTs). When the SEM detects a loss of an input service, the SEM will stop multiplexing the service and stop the insertion of the output PMT for that service. In addition, the output PAT will be updated to not contain a reference to the service. The SEM will continue to look for changes on the input stream and will remultiplex the service if and when the input PAT and PMT are received. Changes to this parameter take immediate effect.

Loss of Input PSI Timeout

The amount of time after which an input PSI is considered lost. Valid range is 1 – 21600 seconds. It is highly recommended that this setting be left at the default value (5 seconds). This setting is only used when loss of PSI detection is enabled. Changes to this parameter take immediate effect.

Auto-Reboot Enabled

Setting to “enabled” allows the SEM to automatically reboot when specific SEM hardware errors occur.

Boot Reason

Indicates reason for SEM boot: Power Cycle — Power-up or power cycled. Operator Reboot — Operator commanded reboot. ACP FPGA Reprogram — ACP FPGA reprogramming. Hardware Fault — Automatic reboot occurred

*PIM Wildcard

This setting is used in Cable Encryptor mode to override the program number in the Motorola Program Information Message (PIM) and Program Name Message (PNM) for each service. When enabled, the SEM will change the PIM and PNM program numbers to the wildcard value of 0 (0x0000). This should only be enabled if the SEM is being used as a “Central Encryptor” for Impulse Pay Per View (IPPV) services. In this case, the SEM transmits the encrypted IPPV service over GigE to another EQAM device that is multiplexing and performing the QAM modulation function. This setting is not selectable or viewable unless the operating mode is set to Cable Encryptor.

*Change requires SEM reboot.

66

4 SETUP AND OPERATION

SEM System Configuration — PID Remapping This window provides the PID remapping parameters, which are used at initialization to determine how to partition the elementary range of 4096 PIDs. When remapping PIDs, the elementary PID range is partitioned into services with an equal distribution of available PIDs. Note: PID re-mapping must be enabled when the SEM is operating in SimulCrypt mode. Figure 4-24 PID Remapping window

Table 4-8 PID Remapping Definitions Item

Definition

Output Interface Pid Remapping Enabled

When enabled, the SEM uses the output PIDs from a predetermined range of PIDs for services and ancillary PIDs on the Output Interface. The output PID values for PMTs and all components will be determined by the SEM. In addition, when enabled, the SEM is able to perform PID mask encryption (allows for encrypting large numbers of PIDs using fewer ACP resources). When disabled, the output PIDs for all services and ancillary PIDs on the Output Interface are the same as the input PID values. The output PID values for PMTs and all components will be identical to the input PMT and component PID values. In addition, PID mask encryption cannot be performed.

67

4 SETUP AND OPERATION Item

Definition When PID Remapping is disabled, the user must ensure that the services mapped from multiple inputs do not have PID conflicts; otherwise, the SEM maps the first service if there are PID conflicts on multiple services. It is highly recommended that the SEM be used with PID Remapping enabled. This will ensure that there are no PID conflicts on an output stream.

PIDs Per Program

Specifies how many PIDs are to be allocated for each service on the Output Interface. The elementary PID range consists of 4096 available PIDs. The SEM must be rebooted for this change to take effect. Elementary PID range (4096 PIDs) partitioning is as follows:

68

PIDs Per Program

x

Multiplexed Services (Number of Programs)

=

Range

16

x

252 maximum

=

4032

32

x

128

=

4096

48

x

85

=

4080

64

x

64

=

4096

80

x

51

=

4080

96

x

42

=

4032

112

x

36

=

4032

128

x

32

=

4096

144

x

28

=

4032

160

x

25

=

4000

176

x

23

=

4048

192

x

21

=

4032

200

x

20

=

4160

Number of Programs

View-only field that indicates the number of output services as determined by the number of PIDs per service set with Total PIDs Per Program. For multiplexes with many services that have few PIDs per service, the value 16 set in Total PIDs Per Program causes a value up to 252 multiplexed services to appear in this field.

Config All

Opens a new window that allows the user to configure all “Enable” and “PIDs Per Program” fields to the same values.

4 SETUP AND OPERATION Item

69

Definition

4 SETUP AND OPERATION

SEM Input/Output Configuration — ASI Ports This window provides the capability to enable each of the ASI ports. When configuring an ASI port for output, the output stream also must be configured as an ASI output. This is done in the Output Stream Configuration window (output streams 1–4 can be assigned to ASI ports 5–8). The ASI Ports window is illustrated in Figure 4-25 and defined in Table 4-9. Figure 4-25 ASI Ports window

70

4 SETUP AND OPERATION Table 4-9 ASI Ports window field definitions Item

Definition

*ASI Input Ports 1 — 4

Drop-down list selections are Disabled and Enabled as Input. Ports one through four can be configured for input only.

*ASI I/O Ports 5 — 8

Drop-down list selections are Disabled, Enabled as Input, and Enabled as Output. Ports five through eight can be configured for input or output. To fully configure an ASI port to be used for an output, the ASI port must be configured as an output port and the corresponding output stream must be selected as an ASI output (refer to the Output Configuration window).

ASI LEDs

LEDs for each ASI port have the following significance:

*Change requires SEM reboot.

71

LED Color

Indicates

Red

ASI input port (1-8) or output port (58) is enabled, but not active.

Green

ASI input port (1-8) is enabled as an input and is active.

Yellow

ASI output port (5-8) is enabled as an output and is active.

Gray

ASI port is disabled.

4 SETUP AND OPERATION

SEM Input/Output Configuration — Gigabit Ethernet The Gigabit Ethernet window defines enabling functionality of GigE-1 through GigE-3. It also provides the network particulars of GigE-1 through GigE-3. The Gigabit Ethernet window is illustrated in Figure 4-26 and defined in Table 4-10. Figure 4-26 Gigabit Ethernet window

72

4 SETUP AND OPERATION Table 4-10 Gigabit Ethernet window field definitions Item

Definition

Input UDP Configuration

Invokes the GigE Input UDP Port Configuration window, which is illustrated in Figure 4-30.

Jitter Absorption

This is the amount of network jitter the SEM can tolerate. It is used by the SEM to calculate the initial Gigabit Ethernet frame buffer level. It is highly recommended that this parameter not be changed (leave at 50ms). The Jitter absorption setting is used to set the initial GigE frame buffer level. The higher the jitter absorption setting, the more the frame buffer level is increased (decreasing the number of Ethernet frames the GigE can receive and dejitter at one time).

Multicast Time to Live (0 — 255)

Multicast transmit Time to Live setting from 0 to 255 seconds. This parameter takes immediate effect; however, it must be saved to persist through subsequent reboots.

*GigE Default Gateway

The IP address of the default gateway of GigE-1 through GigE-3.

GigE 1-3 LEDs

LEDs for each GigE have the following significance:

*Port Mode

LED Color

Indicates

Red

GigE is enabled as an input port or an output port, but is not active or no SFP is installed.

Green

GigE is enabled as an input port and is active.

Yellow

GigE is enabled as an output port and is active.

Gray

GigE port is disabled.

Enables GigE-1 through GigE-3. All GigE interfaces can be configured for input and output. Only the first and second GigEs can be configured for loop-through. Drop-down list selections are: • • • •

*No. of Input TS

Disabled Enabled as I/O Enabled as LoopThru (input only) LT Terminator (Loop-through Terminator – applies only to GigE1 and GigE2 for loop-through; input only) Number of input transport streams per GigE interface (number of UDP ports). The maximum number of transport streams (384) cannot be exceeded for all three ports. If a single port is set to 384, the other two ports must each be 0. The number of input transport streams is the number of UDP Ports that the SEM can open across all GigE interfaces. There is a 1-to-1 correlation between a UDP port and an input transport stream. This means that the SEM can only support the reception of 1 SPTS or MPTS per UDP port (per interface).

MAC Address

73

View only MAC addresses of GigE-1 through GigE-3. These addresses are also provided on the serial number label on the bottom of the SEM. The addresses are set at the factory and cannot be changed. The string

4 SETUP AND OPERATION Item

Definition length is 17 characters in the format ‘hh:hh:hh:hh:hh:hh.,’ where ‘hh’ is a hexadecimal number.

*IP Address

The IP address of GigE-1 through GigE-3. The IP address of each enabled GigE interface must be set to a valid class A, B, or C address. It is highly recommended that each GigE interface be configured on a separate network. The GigE stack contains 1 routing table. Therefore, each GigE interface should be on a separate network. When using a SEM to transmit singlecast packets on more than 1 GigE output interface, then the GigE interfaces must be configured on separate networks. The GigE uses its internal network routing table to determine which interface to transmit packets, and if the 2 interfaces are on the same network, then the GigE will only transmit the packets out the first interface. Multicast transmission requires that the user configure the specific interface to transmit on for each multicast destination IP.

*Subnet Mask

The subnet mask of GigE-1 through GigE-3.

*Auto Negotiation

Indicates if auto negotiation is enabled or disabled. Auto negotiation is automatically disabled when a GigE interface is configured in LoopThru or LT Terminator mode.

Interface Redundancy

When enabled, the middle panel GigE-1 and GigE-2 fields are combined and the lower window panel is activated. When Interface Redundancy is enabled, both GigE-1 and GigE-2 ports are configured with the same network information (IP address, MAC address, and subnet mask). The MAC address for both ports is the MAC address of GigE-1. The Gigabit Ethernet Interface Redundancy window is illustrated in Figure 4-27.

Config Routes

Invokes the GigE Routing Table Configuration window, which is illustrated in Figure 4-28. Invokes the GigE Static ARP Table Configuration window, which is illustrated in Figure 4-29. Opens the GigE VLAN/CFM Configuration window.

Config ARP Config GigE VLAN/CFM IGMP

Invokes the IGMP Configuration window.

*Change requires SEM reboot.

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4 SETUP AND OPERATION

SEM Input/Output Configuration — Gigabit Ethernet Interface Redundancy When Gigabit Ethernet Interface Redundancy is enabled (dropdown menu), the middle panel GigE-1 and GigE-2 fields are combined, and the lower window panel is activated. With Interface Redundancy, both GigE-1 and GigE-2 carry the same transport streams in the event the Primary GigE interface loses input or suffers degeneration above a specified Threshold percentage. The designated primary GigE is monitored as determined from the Fail Over Monitor Period, which can be from 1 to 30 seconds. Five samples are taken, 1 every 200ms, at every monitor period interval. If the Threshold is exceeded, Fail Over to the other GigE interface occurs. For example, if the threshold is set to 90%, then the content of the in use GigE interface must fall below 90% of the content of the back up interface before a fail over will occur. Fail Over to the backup GigE can also be forced through button selection. The Suspend Fail Over check box, when active (check mark), prevents Fail Over from occurring. The Gigabit Ethernet Interface Redundancy window is illustrated in Figure 4-27. It should be noted that when Gigabit Ethernet Interface Redundancy is enabled the SEM cannot be configured for Gigabit Ethernet MPTS Redundancy (configured on the Gigabit Ethernet Input UDP Configuration window). Figure 4-27 Gigabit Ethernet window with Interface Redundancy enabled

To supplement the Gigabit Ethernet window field definitions provided in Table 4-10, Gigabit Ethernet Interface Redundancy window field definitions are listed in Table 4-11. 75

4 SETUP AND OPERATION Table 4-11 Redundant Gigabit Ethernet window field definitions Item

Definition

*Interface Redundancy

Drop list that selects whether Ethernet Frame Counts or MPEG Null Packet Counts are monitored and used to determine failover while in Gigabit Ethernet Interface Redundancy mode. This field is always active. When MPEG Null Packet Counts is selected, the SEM will compare the counts of the number of MPEG packets received on all open UDP ports. The total amount of MPEG packets received on GigE 1 is compared to the total amount of MPEG packets received on GigE 2.

*Primary GigE Interface

Radio buttons to select either GigE 1 or GigE 2 as the Primary GigE interface to be monitored for Threshold deviation.

Suspend Fail Over

Prevents Fail Over from occurring, even if the primary GigE exceeds Threshold deviation.

Threshold (%)

The amount of deviation in Mbps between the primary and secondary streams before the SEM activates an alarm. When the SEM threshold is exceeded, the SEM will fail over to the backup GigE interface (assuming fail over is not suspended). The Threshold % is used to determine when to fail over to the backup interface using the following calculation: Fail Over = In Use Count < (Backup Count * Threshold/100). The higher the threshold, the more likely a fail over will occur. The lower the threshold, the less chance of a fail over, but a greater loss of data will occur until the fail over.

Fail Over Monitor Period

Selected Threshold check period from 1 to 30 seconds. Five samples are taken, 1 every 200ms, at every monitor period interval.

Force Fail Over

Causes Fail Over to the secondary GigE, even though Threshold was not exceeded.

Current Interface in Use

Indicates the current GigE transport stream provider, which can differ from the primary GigE interface if Fail Over occurred.

*Change requires SEM reboot.

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4 SETUP AND OPERATION

GigE Routing Table Configuration Clicking the Config Routes button on the SEM Input/Output Configuration– Gigabit Ethernet window causes the GigE Routing Table Configuration window to display. The network IP, subnet mask, and gateway IP can be associated to 16 GigE services from this window for static routes. The GigE Routing Table Configuration window is illustrated in Figure 4-28 and defined in Table 4-12. Figure 4-28 GigE Routing Table Configuration window

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4 SETUP AND OPERATION Table 4-12 GigE Routing Table Configuration window field definitions

78

Item

Definition

Network IP

The GigE Ethernet routing destination network IP address for the service.

Subnet Mask

When masking is employed, it indicates the network address and host ID portion of the IP address.

Gateway IP

The GigE Ethernet routing destination gateway IP address for the service.

Delete

Expedites clearing fields; check the boxes of those fields to be cleared to zeros, and click Apply.

4 SETUP AND OPERATION

GigE Static ARP Table Configuration Clicking the Config ARP button on the SEM Input/Output Configuration — Gigabit Ethernet window causes the GigE Static ARP Table Configuration window to display. This window associates a MAC address to an IP for GigE transmission. It is used to return a MAC for one-way traffic that prohibits an ARP reply (for example, SEMs in a daisy chain). The GigE Static ARP Table Configuration window is illustrated in Figure 4-29 and defined in Table 4-13. Figure 4-29 GigE Static ARP Table Configuration window

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4 SETUP AND OPERATION Table 4-13 GigE Static ARP Table Configuration window field definitions Item

Definition

IP Address

IP address of GigE target device on network.

MAC Address

MAC address of GigE target device on network.

Delete

Expedites clearing fields; check the boxes of those fields to be cleared to zeros, and click Apply.

GigE Input UDP Configuration This window is used to select a GigE Input UDP screen. The Gigabit Ethernet Input UDP Configuration window, Gigabit Ethernet Input UDP Status window, and Commanded Gigabit Ethernet Status window are accessed through this screen using the drop-down boxes. Selecting a range of rows to display from one of the drop-down boxes will open a new window. Figure 4-30 GigE Input UDP Configuration Window

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4 SETUP AND OPERATION Table 4-14 GigE Input UDP Configuration field definitions Item

Definition

UDP Configuration

Selects the range of rows to display in the Gigabit Ethernet Input UDP Configuration window, which is illustrated in Figure 4-31.

UDP Status

Selects the range of rows to display in the Gigabit Ethernet Input UDP Status window, which is illustrated in Figure 4-32. These are all GigE inputs that have been configured in the GigE UDP configuration table.

Commanded Status

Selects the range of rows to display in the Commanded Gigabit Ethernet Status window, which is illustrated in Figure 4-33.

Monitoring Period

This is the time in seconds over which Redundant Gigabit Ethernet UDP Port Pairs will be monitored. Range is 1 to 30 seconds.

Auto-Switchback Hold Time

This is the time in seconds to wait before switching back to the Primary of a Redundant Gigabit Ethernet UDP Port pair after the Primary is healthy. Range is 0 to 3600.

Error Log

Invokes the Error Log window, which is illustrated in Figure 4-34.

GigE MPTS Redundancy This feature allows a user to configure multiple GigE input transport streams pairs as Primary and Secondary inputs. This allows the SEM to perform redundancy on individual GigE input streams (MPTS or SPTS), rather than on an entire GigE interface. Each GigE input stream pair is monitored separately from other redundancy pairs. The SEM supports both GigE Interface Redundancy and MPTS Redundancy, but does not support both modes of operation at the same time. The user must decide to place the GigE in Interface Redundancy mode or setup GigE Redundancy pairs. The main features of GigE MPTS Redundancy are:

81

•

Supports up to 192 redundant GigE input stream pairs (384 total GigE input streams)

•

Monitors streams by either comparing their Data Rate (all non-Null packets) or Transport Stream rate (all packets including Null packets)

•

Supports redundant singlecast or multicast input streams

•

Supports comparison of either STPS or MPTS input streams

•

Supports MPEG packet counting and comparison of input streams every 200ms (minimum of 5 consecutive comparisons, 1 second, required for threshold or failover detection)

•

Supports alarming and reporting of low bit rate for any input stream

•

Supports alarming and reporting of redundancy failovers and threshold violations

•

Supports monitoring and reporting of individual input stream data and/or stream rates

4 SETUP AND OPERATION

•

Supports suspending of failover and force failover for individual redundant pairs

•

Supports configuration of threshold setting for stream comparison

•

Supports configuration of redundancy monitor period (1 – 30 seconds)

•

Supports configuration of fallback to Primary delay time (1 – 3600 seconds)

GigE MPTS Redundancy Processing The SEM performs GigE MPTS redundancy checking by continuously counting the number of MPEG packets received from each input stream. This is done for all GigE input streams, even those streams that are not configured for redundancy. The raw MPEG packet counts are used to derive an input stream data rate that is reported for each input stream. Data rates and total input stream rates are calculated based on the raw MPEG packet counts accumulated every 5 seconds. The current, average, minimum, and peak rates reported by the SEM for each UDP port are then calculated and stored internally. These values are accessible via SNMP (SEM EM). Redundancy threshold and failover monitoring is also done using the raw MPEG packet counts. However, these counts are compared on the GigE processor every 200ms. The GigE uses the user configured threshold percentage to compare the Primary vs. the Secondary input streams. The monitor period is then used to determine how many consecutive 200ms comparisons are needed to determine if the Primary is above or below the threshold. For example, at a 1 second monitoring period, 5 consecutive 200ms comparisons are performed. After this period, the SEM determines if a threshold change has occurred and if a failover to the secondary MPTS or fallback to the primary MPTS is required. During a failover or fallback, the SEM will remove all GigE input stream commands from the current in use stream (stop all extractions, stop all stream pass throughs, stop all PID aliasing and mapping, and stop all service mappings). The SEM will then restart all commands on the redundant input stream previously marked as backup (restart all service and PID mappings, along with all stream pass throughs and extractions). During a failover or fallback, there will be a momentary loss of video (the transition to the backup input stream will occur within 500ms; depending on the frequency of PSI messages). The transition time is in addition to the monitoring period. GigE Input Stream Status Monitoring As part of the GigE MPTS Redundancy feature, the SEM reports the input UDP port data and/or stream rate of all GigE input streams in use. This is done for all GigE input streams, even those that have not been configured for multicast or configured as redundant streams. The input stream rate is calculated by counting the number of MPEG packets received over a 5 second status period. The rate is then calculated by converting the MPEG packet counts into Megabits per second (Mbps). 82

4 SETUP AND OPERATION

GigE Input Stream Low Bit Rate Alarm Additionally, a user can configure any GigE input stream to have the input rate monitored for a low bit rate. This is done by using the same screen as redundancy is configured, but the user only needs to select a low bit rate and a comparison type (data rate or stream rate). The SEM will alarm and trap whenever any GigE input stream falls below the specified low bit rate. An overall alarm is maintained to indicate the status of all input streams being monitored. Traps are issued for each input stream when the alarm condition for that input stream changes. Low Bit Rate Error Factor The low bit rate checking uses a 5% error factor based on the user entered input rate. Since the input GigE packet counts are done prior to network dejittering, due to fluctuations in the network, the low bit rate needs to allow for variations in the actual rate. The SEM takes the user entered rate and multiplies this by 95% to calculate the actual rate that will be used for comparison against the actual input rate. This 5% error factor allows for enough deviation to prevent unwanted alarms while at the same time allowing for the alarming of real low bit rate streams. The 5% error factor is done internally by the SEM rather than requiring a user to know what a specific input rate should be. Typically, for an input stream rate of 38.81, various users would enter this low bit rate as; 38.8, 38.8107, 38.0, etc. This 5% error factor removes this issue from the user, and will prevent inadvertent alarms. An example of this factor for the above rates would yield the following low bit rate alarm levels: •

38.8 Mbps = 36.86 Mbps

•

38.81 Mbps = 36.8695 Mbps

•

38.0 Mbps = 36.1 Mbps

GigE MPTS Alarms and Traps There are three alarms and traps that are associated with GigE MPTS redundancy and input stream monitoring. These alarms and traps inform the user whenever a threshold event has occurred, a Primary to Secondary failover event occurred, or when a GigE input stream low bit rate event occurred. For each type of trap issued, the trap will contain; the index into the GigE UDP configuration table, the GigE interface, and the GigE UDP port. The threshold alarm is set to critical whenever any Primary input stream falls below the specified threshold percentage. The alarm is cleared when all Primary input streams are above the threshold level. A trap is issued for each threshold event. This alarm can also be manually cleared by the user via the SEM EM. The Primary Failover to Backup alarm is set to critical whenever any Primary input stream fails over to the backup (secondary) stream. The alarm is cleared 83

4 SETUP AND OPERATION

when all redundant pairs fallback to the Primary input stream. A trap is issued for each failover event. This alarm can also be manually cleared by the user via the SEM EM. The low bit rate alarm is set to critical whenever any GigE input stream falls below the specified input data rate. For MPTS Redundancy, this alarm is meant to be used to notify a user when the Secondary stream is no longer available. However, this alarm can be used to indicate a low Primary input rate as well, in the case where the data rate drops at the same time for both the Primary and Secondary input streams. The alarm is cleared when all input streams are above the specific low bit rate. A trap is issued for each low bit rate event. This alarm can also be manually cleared by the user via the SEM EM. Figure 4-31 Gigabit Ethernet Input UDP Configuration Window

84

4 SETUP AND OPERATION Table 4-15 GigE Ethernet Input UDP Configuration Window field definitions Item

Definition

Clear

Checking this box and pressing the Apply button will cause the selected row’s data to be returned to initial values.

GigE Interface

The Gigabit Ethernet physical port that will receive packets. Select an Enabled GigE Interface or N/A to disable a row

UDP Port

The Gigabit Ethernet Input UDP Port (0 - 65535).

Multicast IP

The Multicast receive IP address: Valid Range: 224.0.1.0 – 239.255.255.255 Reserved: 224.0.0.0 – 224.0.0.255 Not used: 0.0.0.0 Note: The SEM only supports reception of one Multicast input stream per GigE interface and UDP port combination. The user cannot specify to receive the same multicast stream from the same UDP port on the same GigE interface.

Source IP

This is the IP address of the source device. Source IP address must be a valid singlecast address.

Alarm Bit Rate (Mbps)

Set this to the LOWEST bit rate that is expected from the input stream. This rate sets a Low Alarm Bit Rate at which the SEM will alarm if the input falls below this rate. If no alarm is desired, set this field to 0.0 to disable the alarm checking. The bit rate checking is done on either the Data Rate (non-NULL) or TS Rate, depending on the Compare Type selected. This alarm is useful to notify a user when an input has dropped below an expected rate (loss of data).

Compare Type

For Redundancy comparison, the Primary Compare Type setting is the comparison type that will be used when comparing the input Primary stream against the input Secondary stream. For Primary input streams, a Compare Type MUST be selected (select either Data Rate or TS Rate). Select Data Rate if the comparison desired is to compare the data rate of the input stream. The data rate includes all non-Null PIDs (all video, audio, data, and PSI PIDs). Select TS Rate if the comparison desired is the entire input transport stream rate. This includes the Data rate plus all Null PIDs. This should be selected if the input stream is always null filled. For Secondary and non-Redundancy input streams, the Compare Type is used determine the Low Bit Rate Alarm. Select N/A if NO low bit rate checking is desired.

Redundancy Pair

85

Enabling this automatically configures the two associated rows as Primary and Secondary (Primary rows are always on top and are odd numbered). This setting also automatically sets the Compare Type to Data Rate if previously set to N/A (a Comparison Type is necessary for Redundancy configuration).

4 SETUP AND OPERATION Item Redundancy Selection

Definition Specifies whether this port is a Primary or a Secondary. The odd rows of the table (1, 3, 5, etc.) must be 'primary' or 'notApplicable'. The even rows of the table (2, 4, 6, etc.) must be 'secondary' or N/A'. For a pair to be in MPTS Redundant mode the odd must be 'primary' and the even row must be 'secondary'. If either row is 'N/A' the SEM will restore the row to previous valid values. If this occurs at Bootup, there are no previous valid values; therefore the SEM will clear the rows.

Redundancy Threshold (%)

This is used only for Redundancy comparisons only (Primary input stream setting). It is used to compare the Primary vs. the Secondary to determine when to fail over from the Primary to the Secondary or back to the Primary. Fail over comparison is done as follows: Primary rate < (Secondary rate * Threshold/100)

UDP Port State

The current state of the Gigabit Ethernet UDP Port configured on the same row index in semGbeInputUdpConfigTable. States are: • • • • •

Closed - UDP Port is closed or table row is not in use. Open In Use - UDP Port is opened and in use. Open Backup - UDP Port is opened as backup only. Trans Backup - UDP Port is opened, transitioning to backup state. Trans In Use - UDP Port is opened, transitioning to in use state.

The states “Open Backup”, “Trans Backup”, and “Trans In Use” apply only to Redundant Pairs (Redundancy Selection 'primary' or 'secondary'). “Open Backup” applies to the UDP Port of the pair that is not currently in use. “Trans Backup” applies to the UDP Port of the pair that is currently in use but is transitioning to be the backup, as when a Fail Over or Switch Back is occurring. “Trans In Use” applies to the UDP Port of the pair that is currently the backup use but is transitioning to be the in use, as when a Fail Over or Switch Back is occurring. Config All

Opens a new window that allows the user to configure all “Alarm Bit Rate” and “Threshold” and “Compare Type” fields at once.

Help

Opens a new window that displays usage information.

When configuring a Primary and Secondary row for the first time, the Primary input stream can already be opened and in use (services routed from input to output). The Secondary input (GigE interface and UDP Port) cannot currently be in use. The SEM will automatically open the Secondary UDP port once the Redundancy pair is configured. All service and stream mapping commands are done using the Primary input stream, and the SEM will determine based on rate comparison which input stream to actually use.

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4 SETUP AND OPERATION

To remove a row that is currently in use, set the GigE interface to N/A or select the Clear check box; then select Apply. To remove a Primary row, the Secondary must also be removed at the same time. The GigE Interface and UDP Port cannot be changed for any row that currently is in use (UDP Port opened). The user must remove the row first (select Clear check box or set GigE Interface to N/A), then change the GigE Interface and/or UDP Port. All other fields can be changed while the input stream is in use. An in use input stream is any row that has the UDP Port State set to anything but Closed. Gigabit Ethernet Input UDP Status Window The rates reported on this screen display the Data Rate or TS Rate for each UDP Port, depending on the Compare Type, previously selected by the user. If no Compare Type has been selected, the Data Rate is always displayed. Note that only input streams that have been configured via the GigE Input UDP Configuration screen are displayed on this screen. Any GigE input streams that are currently in use, but not configured, are displayed on the Commanded Status screen. All rates reported (current, average, minimum, and peak) are done by counting the number of MPEG packets received. The current rate is the number of MPEG packets received over a 5 second status monitoring period, converted to Mbps. This is simply the total number of MPEG packets received in the last 5 seconds, divided by the number of bits per MPEG packet. Therefore, the current rate cannot show instantaneous peaks or drops in the input rate. The average, minimum, and peak rates are all calculated using a 15 minute sliding window. The minimum and peak are the lowest rate and highest rates in the last 15 minutes, while the average rate is the average input data rate over the last 15 minutes.

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4 SETUP AND OPERATION Figure 4-32 Gigabit Ethernet Input UDP Status Window

88

4 SETUP AND OPERATION Table 4-16 GigE Ethernet Input UDP Status Window field definitions Item

Definition

Gige Interface

The Gigabit Ethernet physical port that will receive packets.

UDP Port

The Gigabit Ethernet Input UDP Port (0 - 65535).

Redundancy Selection

Specifies whether this port is a Primary or a Secondary.

Current Rate (Mbps)

Data rate of the most recent sample in Mbps. Note: Rate displayed is either the data rate or transport stream rate, depending on the compare type configured. If no compare type was configured, then the data rate is displayed.

Average Rate (Mbps)

Average data rate over the sampling period in Mbps. Note: Rate displayed is either the data rate or transport stream rate, depending on the compare type configured. If no compare type was configured, then the data rate is displayed.

Minimum Rate (Mbps)

Minimum data rate over the sampling period in Mbps. Note: Rate displayed is either the data rate or transport stream rate, depending on the compare type configured. If no compare type was configured, then the data rate is displayed.

Peak Rate (Mbps)

Maximum data rate over the sampling period in Mbps. Note: Rate displayed is either the data rate or transport stream rate, depending on the compare type configured. If no compare type was configured, then the data rate is displayed.

UDP Port State

The current state of the Gigabit Ethernet UDP Port configured on the same row index in semGbeInputUdpConfigTable. States are: • • • • •

Closed - UDP Port is closed or table row is not in use. Open In Use - UDP Port is opened and in use. Open Backup - UDP Port is opened as backup only. Trans Backup - UDP Port is opened, transitioning to backup state. Trans In Use - UDP Port is opened, transitioning to in use state. The states “Open Backup”, “Trans Backup”, and “Trans In Use” apply only to Redundant Pairs (Redundancy Selection 'primary' or 'secondary'). “Open Backup” applies to the UDP Port of the pair that is not currently in use. “Trans Backup” applies to the UDP Port of the pair that is currently in use but is transitioning to be the backup, as when a Fail Over or Switch Back is occurring. “Trans In Use” applies to the UDP Port of the pair that is currently the backup use but is transitioning to be the in use, as when a Fail Over or Switch Back is occurring.

Force

Forces a Redundancy pair to fail over to the input stream that is currently not in use. When forcing a fail over from the Primary to the Secondary, the SEM will use the Secondary input stream, regardless of the threshold and comparison. Once a user has forced the Secondary to be used, the SEM

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4 SETUP AND OPERATION Item

Definition will remain on the Secondary input stream until the user forces the SEM back to the Primary input stream. Forcing the SEM back to the Primary input stream returns the SEM back to normal Redundancy comparison mode. The SEM will continue to compare the Primary vs. the Secondary and fail over as necessary.

Suspend Fail Over

Enabling Suspend on an in use Primary or Secondary input stream will result in the SEM not failing over to the other stream. The SEM will remain on the in use stream regardless of the threshold and comparison.

Help

Opens a new window that displays usage information.

Force All to Primary

Forces all Redundancy pairs to fail over to the Primary stream.

Force All to Secondary

Forces all Redundancy pairs to fail over to the Secondary stream.

Commanded Gigabit Ethernet UDP Status The rates reported on this screen display the Data Rate or TS Rate for each UDP Port, depending on the Compare Type, previously selected by the user. If no Compare Type has been selected, the Data Rate is always displayed. This screen only displays those input streams that have NOT been configured using the GigE Input UDP Configuration screen. This screen displays information for GigE inputs that have not been configured by the user for: MPTS redundancy, input stream monitoring, or multicast reception. All rates reported (current, average, minimum, and peak) are done by counting the number of MPEG packets received. The current rate is the number of MPEG packets received over a 5 second status monitoring period, converted to Mbps. This is simply the total number of MPEG packets received in the last 5 seconds, divided by the number of bits per MPEG packet. Therefore, the current rate cannot show instantaneous peaks or drops in the input rate. The average, minimum, and peak rates are all calculated using a 15 minute sliding window. The minimum and peak are the lowest rate and highest rates in the last 15 minutes, while the average rate is the average input data rate over the last 15 minutes.

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4 SETUP AND OPERATION Figure 4-33 Commanded Gigabit Ethernet UDP Status Window

91

4 SETUP AND OPERATION Table 4-17 Commanded Gigabit Ethernet UDP Status window field definitions

92

Item

Definition

GigE Interface

GigE physical port

UDP Port

GigE Input UDP Port (0 - 65535).

Current Data Rate (Mbps)

Data rate of the most recent sample in Mbps.

Average Data Rate (Mbps)

Average data rate over the sampling period in Mbps.

Minimum Data Rate (Mbps)

Minimum data rate over the sampling period in Mbps.

Peak Data Rate (Mbps)

Maximum data rate over the sampling period in Mbps.

Current Stream Rate (Mbps)

Stream rate of the most recent sample in Mbps.

Average Stream Rate (Mbps)

Average stream rate over the sampling period in Mbps.

Minimum Stream Rate (Mbps)

Minimum stream rate over the sampling period in Mbps.

Peak Stream Rate (Mbps)

Maximum stream rate over the sampling period in Mbps.

4 SETUP AND OPERATION

Error Log Window Only input streams that were configured via the GigE Input UDP Configuration screen can have entries on this screen. If the input stream is removed from the GigE Input UDP Configuration screen, entries appearing on this screen are not removed. This log is listed in reverse chronological order when the window is first opened. It can contain a limited number of entries. If the log fills, the oldest entries are deleted to make room for new entries. The user may select a column header to display the list sorted on that column. Figure 4-34 Error Log Window

Table 4-18 Error Log Window

93

Item

Definition

Interface

GigE physical port

UDP Port

GigE Input UDP Port

Event Code

Severity

The event code specifies which error occurred for this entry in the error log. Possible error codes are • 8025 — GigE Input Low Bit Rate • 8026 — GigE MPTS Redundant Primary Below Threshold • 8027 — GigE MPTS Redundant Primary Fail Over to Secondary • 8028 — GigE Input High Bit Rate (only ISA Switched Digital Video SEM Device Operating Mode) Alarm severity level of this event.

Port State

State of UDP Port at the time this entry was created

Rate Type

Type of rate displayed in the Current Rate Field. This field can be Data Rate or TS Rate

Current Rate

The rate reported is the Data Rate or TS Rate for each UDP

4 SETUP AND OPERATION Item

Definition Port, depending on the Rate Type shown. If Rate Type is N/A, the Data Rate is displayed.

GPS Time

GPS time that this entry was created in the error log. If GPS time is not available, the SEM starts at GPS time zero, which is January 6, 1980.

Help

Opens a new window that displays usage information.

IGMP Configuration Clicking the IGMP button on the SEM Input/Output Configuration Gigabit Ethernet window causes the IGMP Configuration window to display. Each GigE interface can be set to a default IGMP level (v1, v2, or v3). The SEM will use this configuration for its initial IGMP level. Each GigE interface can also be configured to maintain a static IGMP version or an autonomous IGMP version. When statically configured, the SEM will use the IGMP version as specified by the user. The GigE network in this case must be the same as the SEM GigE interface setting. When autonomously configured (default), the SEM will set an initial IGMP version to use, but will switch to use the version supported by the specific GigE interface network. This window also displays the current IGMP level based on the network used by the GigE interface. This window is illustrated in Figure 4-35 and defined in Table 4-19. Figure 4-35 IGMP Configuration Window

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4 SETUP AND OPERATION Figure 4-36 Gigabit Ethernet Multicast Advanced Configuration window

Table 4-19 Gigabit Ethernet Multicast Advanced Configuration window field definitions Item

Definition

IGMP Version

Selects the default IGMP version for each GigE interface, along with a static or autonomous setting. The default is autonomous, where the GigE interface will use the default IGMP version but will switch to support the IGMP version based on the GigE interface network. Changes to this setting take immediate effect.

IGMP Version In Use

95

The current IGMP version in use on each GigE interface based on the attached network.

4 SETUP AND OPERATION

Gigabit Ethernet VLAN/CFM Configuration Clicking the Config VLAN/CFM button on the SEM Input/Output Configuration– Gigabit Ethernet window causes the Gigabit Ethernet VLAN/CFM Configuration window to display. Each GigE output singlecast or multicast Ethernet stream can be configured to use IEEE 802.1Q VLAN tags. The VLAN tags can be used to link a given multicast stream with associated CFM messages being transmitted on a WellKnown Ethernet multicast stream. The CFM messages include status information pertaining to one or more MPTS(s), depending on whether the MPTSs share the same VLAN tag. The VLAN ID (VID) included in a particular CFM message links the status information to the MPTS(s) being transmitted with the same VID in the tagged multicast Ethernet frames. It is highly recommended that these settings remain disabled unless the user has a full understanding of VLAN tagging and CFM insertion. The insertion of VLAN tags into a network stream increases the size of each Ethernet frame, and the network must be able to fully support, VLAN tags. Insertion of VLAN tags onto a network that cannot support VLAN tags will cause the network to become corrupted and unusable. This window is illustrated in Figure 4-37 and defined in Table 4-20. Figure 4-37 Add VLAN/CFM window

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4 SETUP AND OPERATION Table 4-20 Gigabit VLAN/CFM Configuration window field definitions Item

Definition

VLAN Tagging Enabled

Enables or disables VLAN Tagging. Warning: Do not enable VLAN Tagging unless the network stream is capable of receiving and handling Ethernet frames with VLAN tags.

VLAN Tagging Priority

Defines the VLAN Tag priority value (1 – 7). This is the value of the priority field placed into each VLAN Tagged Ethernet frame.

CFM Insertion Enabled

Enables or disables CFM Insertion. To enable CFM Insertion, VLAN Tagging must also be enabled. CFM Insertion is used to contain the health status for each output stream. The VLAN ID associates a specific CFM message with an output stream containing VLAN tags. Unless there is a specific need to carry CFM messages, CFM Insertion should remain disabled.

CFM Insertion Period (ms)

Number of milliseconds between each CFM insertion (100ms – 60000ms). Entries must be in increments of 100ms. It is recommended that the default value of 200ms not be changed.

CFM Insertion MAC Address

97

Destination MAC Address of each CFM inserted message. The first 3 bytes are fixed and cannot be configured by the user.

4 SETUP AND OPERATION

Gigabit Ethernet VLAN/CFM Status Clicking the VLAN/CFM Status tab causes the Gigabit Ethernet VLAN/CFM Status window to display. This window displays the GigE output VLAN information (VLAN ID and VLAN Opcode), along with information showing the GigE output destination IP, UDP port, and interface. Additionally, this window allows the user to configure the VLAN ID. This window can also be used for non-VLAN/CFM functionality. This window displays the specific GigE interface, the destination IP address, and the destination UDP port for each GigE output stream. This information pertains to all GigE output streams, regardless of the VLAN or CFM configuration settings. The GigE output information is only valid after a GigE output stream has been configured and is currently mapped (service or stream is mapped to the GigE output). This window is illustrated in Figure 4-38 and defined in Table 4-21. Figure 4-38 VLAN/CFM Status window

98

4 SETUP AND OPERATION Table 4-21 Gigabit VLAN/CFM Status window field definitions Item

Definition

Output TS GigE Port

The output stream (1—16), along with the physical GigE interface. The GigE interface is only displayed when a stream, service, and/or PID is currently mapped to the specific GigE output. The interface is determined by the GigE network routing table for singlecast destinations. For multicast destinations, this is the GigE interface as configured by the user.

Destination IP Address

The destination IP address of the GigE output stream. When in an internal operating mode, this is the destination IP as configured by the user. When in an external operating mode, such as Cable Encryptor, this is the destination IP as configured by the external controller.

Destination UDP Port

The destination UDP port of the GigE output stream. When in an internal operating mode, this is the destination UDP port as configured by the user. When in an external operating mode, such as Cable Encryptor, this is the destination UDP port as configured by the external controller.

VLAN VID Type

This field determines how the VLAN ID will be configured. The user can select to specify the VLAN ID of each output stream or allow the SEM to calculate the VLAN ID. When calculated, the SEM uses the destination UDP port as part of the VLAN ID (12 LSBs of UDP port). It is highly recommended to let the SEM calculate the VLAN ID and that each VLAN ID be unique. If VLAN IDs are not unique, then only 1 CFM message associated with the VLAN ID will be inserted for all output streams sharing the same VLAN ID. Sharing VLAN IDs across multiple output streams may cause issues with downstream systems attempting to determine the health status of a specific output stream. The health status of all streams sharing a VLAN ID is set to unhealthy if any of the streams are unhealthy. For this reason, each output stream should be associated with a unique VLAN ID. This setting takes immediate affect.

99

VLAN User VID

When the VLAN VID Type is User VID, this field is the user-specified VLAN ID. The VLAN ID must be between 1024 and 4095. It is recommended that each VLAN ID for each output stream be unique.

VLAN VID In Use

This is the actual VLAN ID in use for a specific output stream. It is either the calculated value or the specified user value (assuming the user value entered was valid).

4 SETUP AND OPERATION Item

Definition

CFM Opcode

This is the opcode (healthy or not healthy) of the output stream. The status of the GigE output stream is determined by the SEM based on the overall status of the SEM and the ASI input to GigE output status. The CFM opcode for a stream will be healthy when: • There are no HW alarms within the SEM • * There are no Critical fan or temperature faults in the SEM • * Any ASI input that has a PID, service, or stream routed to the GigE output is Active (not Critical). The CFM Opcode for a GigE stream will be not healthy when: • There is a HW fault within the SEM • * There is a Critical fan or temperature fault • * An ASI input that is mapped to the GigE output is inactive (Critical input failure). • * The output stream is being removed or the SEM is about to be rebooted. When the SEM is about to be rebooted or the output stream is removed, the SEM will issue 3 CFMs for each output stream with a status of unhealthy (Lifetime field will be set to 0 to indicate the stream is being removed).

100

4 SETUP AND OPERATION

SEM Input/Output Configuration — Advanced There are eight different ASI and GigE output Information Rates (Mbps) supported by the SEM, which are user assigned in this window. The clock column identifies the window rows 1 to 8 for each user assigned rate. The SEM rounds-off each assigned Information Rate, which appears in the Actual Rate column. If Default Rates is clicked, Information Rates 1–4 are assigned as follows: 38.81, 26.97, 38.44, and 51.25; Information Rates 5–8 are set to 0.0. The rates entered in this window are also displayed in other windows. The output data rates in this window are not used for QAM outputs (QAM output rate is configured from the QAM windows only). The SEM Input/Output Configuration–Advanced window is illustrated in Figure 4-39 and defined in Table 4-22. Figure 4-39 SEM Input/Output Configuration — Advanced window

101

4 SETUP AND OPERATION Table 4-22 SEM Input/Output Configuration — Advanced window field definitions

102

Item

Definition

Clock

The clock column identifies the window rows 1 to 8 for each user-assigned information rate.

Information Rate (Mbps)

Information Rate in megabits per second. Zero indicates not in use. The minimum rate is 1 Mbps and the maximum rate is 206 Mbps for outputs. Rates cannot be set to the exact value the user has selected. This parameter takes immediate effect; however, it still must be applied for the change to be permanent.

Actual Rate (Mbps)

View only field that indicates the actual value implemented by the SEM in response to the set value.

Default Rates

Clicking Default Rates causes Information Rates 1-4 to be assigned as follows: 26.97, 38.81, and 51.25; Information Rates 4–8 are set to 0.0.

4 SETUP AND OPERATION

PSIP Configuration When a SEM performs operations such as remultiplexing, PID remapping, or MPEG service number modification on input transport streams (TS) that carry PSIP information, then PSIP fixing is relevant. PSIP messages are not generated by the SEM. They are extracted from input transport streams and corrected to accurately reflect the output TS composition. PSIP insertion can be enabled or disabled on an output transport stream basis. Message and packet insertion periods can be configured. PSIP Fixing on GigE inputs has a limitation of supporting EIT message extraction for a maximum of 24 services. In contrast, ASI inputs have no such limitations. PSIP status for each mapped service is presented through the PSIP Status column of the Output Program Status table. The meaning of each status message is explained in Table 4-24. The PSIP Configuration window is illustrated in Figure 4-40 and defined in Table 4-23. Figure 4-40 PSIP Configuration window

103

4 SETUP AND OPERATION Table 4-23 PSIP Configuration window field definitions Item

Definition

Output Transport Stream

Read only and reflects selections made on other windows.

*PSIP Processing Enabled

Indicates that PSIP is enabled for the output transport stream.

*Number of EITs Per Output TS

The number of Event Information Tables (EITs) per output transport stream.

MGT Message

Message insertion period in milliseconds for the PSIP Master Guide Table (MGT). This message is sent on the PSIP Base PID before the start of insertion of the first packet of the message.

STT Message

Message insertion period in milliseconds for the PSIP System Time Table (STT). This message is sent on the PSIP Base PID before the start of insertion of the first packet of the message.

CVCT Message

Message insertion period in milliseconds for the PSIP Cable Virtual Channel Table (CVCT). This message is sent on the PSIP Base PID before the start of insertion of the first packet of the message.

RRT Message

Message insertion period in milliseconds for the PSIP Rating Region Table (RRT). This message is sent on the PSIP before the start of insertion of the first packet of the message.

EIT-0 Message

Insertion period in milliseconds for the PSIP EIT messages.

EIT-1 Message EIT-2 Message EIT-3 Message Base PID

Packet insertion period in milliseconds for Base PID packets. Messages sent on the PSIP Base PID include the MGT, SST, CVCT, and RRT. This is the minimum time between packet insertions. The actual packet insertion period could be delayed, depending on the SEM processor load.

EIT-0 PID

Packet insertion period in milliseconds for the PSIP EIT messages. This is the minimum time between packet insertions. The actual packet insertion period could be delayed, depending on the SEM processor load.

EIT-1 PID EIT-2 PID EIT-3 PID *Change requires SEM reboot.

104

4 SETUP AND OPERATION

SimulCrypt Configuration The SEM Supports SimulCrypt processing, allowing interoperability with other Conditional Access Providers. When the SEM Device Operating Mode is configured for Simulcrypt 1, the SEM functions as an SCS and MUX in a SimulCrypt system. The Ethernet interface and parameters for ECMG and EMMG connections are configured on the SimulCrypt Configuration windows. Note: PID re-mapping must be enabled when the SEM is operating in SimulCrypt mode. SimulCrypt Configuration–General This tab is used for configuring which Ethernet interface is utilized for SimulCrypt processing and for setting the SimulCrypt Network ID. The SimulCrypt Configuration–General window is illustrated in Figure 4-41 and defined in Table 4-25. Figure 4-41 SimulCrypt Configuration — General window

Table 4-25 SimulCrypt Configuration — General window field definitions Item

Definition

*Interface

Indicates which host processor Ethernet interface will be used for SimulCrypt messaging protocol. The following values are possible: • Enet (1) – use ENET1 for SimulCrypt communications. • Enet (2) – use ENET2 for SimulCrypt communications. The GigE interfaces are not available for SimulCrypt.

105

4 SETUP AND OPERATION Item

Definition

*Network ID

Specifies the network ID used for this SimulCrypt system. This is a SimulCrypt (not an SEM) parameter.

*Change requires SEM reboot.

SimulCrypt Configuration — SCS-ECMG This tab is used for configuring SCS client connections to external ECMG servers. Overall SCS parameters are configured. Each SCS server can be specified by its CAS ID, SubCAS ID, IP Address, and listening Port. The current connection status for each SCS is displayed. The SimulCrypt Configuration — SCS-ECMG window is illustrated in Figure 4-42 and defined in Table 4-26. Figure 4-42 SimulCrypt Configuration — SCS-ECMG window

Table 4-26 SimulCrypt Configuration–SCS — ECMG window field definitions

106

Item

Definition

*Nominal Crypto Period

Specifies the nominal crypto period in seconds. It is used as a target for this device during crypto-period negotiations. The actual negotiated crypto period may be equal to or greater than this value.

4 SETUP AND OPERATION Item

Definition

*Access Criteria Source

Specifies the currently supported source of Access Criteria. •

DAC Access Criteria – This mode enables the SEM to utilize DAC defined Access Criteria for all services. The DAC ensures that the Access criteria values are unique across all services controlled by that DAC.

•

Fixed Package Access Criteria – This mode is intended exclusively for subscription services. An operator must define packages on the DAC, and then assign one or more services to these packages. This step must be done before event queues are downloaded to a SEM. When the SEM receives event queues, an authorization tier will become associated with the package, creating a three byte access criteria value. This value will correspond to all services within this package. The packaged services must be coordinated with the participating CAS.

*ECMG Response Timeout

Specifies how long the SCS should wait for an ECM message response from the ECMG before moving to the next crypto period.

*ECM ID Range

Each ECM ID and Super CAS ID combination in the SimulCrypt system must be globally unique. To simplify configuration, each SCS is given a starting ECM ID to assign to the first ECM stream it creates. The number is incremented as new ECM streams are created. Each SCS must be configured with a different value. The initial value should be spaced sufficiently to prevent overlapping. Recommended spacing is 196.

*Enabled

Each row in the ECMG table represents a potential SCS-ECMG connection that will be attempted during SimulCrypt SCS initialization. This setting controls whether or not the attempt is made:

*CAS ID (Hex)

107

• disabled (1) — the connection will be attempted. • enabled (2) — the connection will not be attempted. The Super CAS ID of the ECMG that will be connected to by the SimulCrypt SCS. The Super CAS ID is the 32-bit concatenation of the CAS ID and the SubCAS ID. The CAS ID identifies the conditional access provider. It supplies the upper 16-bits of the SuperCAS ID. The SubCAS ID identifies instances of a provider’s ECMGs on the SimulCrypt network. It supplies the lower 16-bits of the Super CAS ID. Each ECM ID and SuperCAS ID combination in the SimulCrypt system must be globally unique. *SubCAS ID (Hex)

*IP Address

The IP address on which the ECMG is listening. It is used to open a socket between the SCS and the ECMG.

*Port

The remote port on which the ECMG is listening. It is used to open a socket between the SCS and the ECMG.

4 SETUP AND OPERATION Item

Definition

TCP State

Specifies the TCP connection state of this SCS-ECMG connection: 1 — open 2 — closed 3 — error

Channel State

Specifies the ECMG channel state of this SCS-ECMG connection: 1 — open 2 — closed 3 — error

*Change requires SEM reboot.

108

4 SETUP AND OPERATION

SimulCrypt Configuration — EMMG-Mux This tab is used for configuring the MUX server to accept connections from EMMG clients. TCP and UDP ports can be specified. The current connection status for each EMMG is displayed. The SimulCrypt Configuration — EMMG-Mux window is illustrated in Figure 4-43 and defined in Table 4-27. Figure 4-43 SimulCrypt Configuration — EMMG-Mux window

Table 4-27 SimulCrypt Configuration — EMMG-Mux window field definitions

109

Item

Definition

*TCP Port

Specifies the TCP port number that the MUX uses to determine if EMMG connections exist.

*UDP Port

Specifies the UDP port number that the MUX uses to determine if EMMG connections exist.

*Channel Test Frequency

Specifies the interval in seconds at which the channel test should be initiated by the MUX.

Max Channels Per Client

Read only. This value indicates the maximum number of channels per EMMG this device can support.

Max Streams Per Channel

Read only. This value indicates the maximum number of streams per EMMG channel this device can support.

4 SETUP AND OPERATION Item

Definition

*Bandwidth Per Stream

Specifies the bandwidth in kbps allocated to each connected MUX as reported in the Stream Bandwidth Allocation message. A value of zero causes the MUX to report the allocated bandwidth as unknown.

EMMG Index

Read only row indicator by EMMG number.

Client ID (Hex)

Read only. When an EMMG connection is made, it specifies the Client ID of the connected EMMG.

Channel ID (Hex)

Read only. When an EMMG connection is made, it specifies the Channel ID of the connected EMMG.

Stream Type

Specifies if the streams are transferred as sections or as transport stream packets. The determination is made by the EMMG at channel setup time.

Stream Count

Read only. Specifies the number of streams that have been opened by this EMMG on this channel.

Stream Status

Clicking Details invokes the SimulCrypt MUXEMMG Stream Status window for that EMMG Index.

*Change requires SEM reboot.

110

4 SETUP AND OPERATION

SimulCrypt Configuration — SimulCrypt MUX-EMMG Stream Status The SimulCrypt MUX-EMMG Stream Status window is accessed from the EMMG-Mux window by clicking Details in the Stream Status column for a targeted MUX-EMMG Index row. The SimulCrypt MUX-EMMG Stream Status window is illustrated in Figure 4-44 and defined in Table 4-28. Figure 4-44 SimulCrypt MUX-EMMG Stream Status window

Table 4-28 SimulCrypt MUX — EMMG Stream Status window field definitions

111

Item

Definition

Stream

Read only row indicator by Stream number.

Stream ID (Hex)

Read only. Specifies the Stream ID of the open stream.

Data ID (Hex)

Read only. Specifies the Data ID of the open stream.

Data Type

Read only. Specifies the Data Type, either EMM or Private, of the open stream.

Insertion Count

Read only. Indicates the number of packets that have been received and inserted for this stream.

4 SETUP AND OPERATION

QAM and Up Converter Configuration The SEM QAM option generates four pairs of QAM signals or eight QAM signals total. Each of the two QAM signals in a pair is located on adjacent channel frequencies and are combined internal to the SEM and appear at one of the four output F connectors. Use the QAM and Up-Converter configuration windows to set the configuration for the eight QAM channels. The channels are numbered 1A, 1B, 2A, 2B, 3A, 3B, 4A and 4B. The A and B channels make up one pair that appear at an output F-connector. In each window, the left column controls the configuration of the A channel, which is the lower frequency channel, and the right column controls the B channel, which is the upper frequency channel. The QAM/UC windows for QAM transmission modes Annex B (DCII), Annex A (DVB), and Annex C are illustrated respectively in Figure 4-45, Figure 4-46, and Figure 4-47. Field definitions for these windows are provided in Table 4-29. Figure 4-45 QAM and Up-Converter Configuration — Annex B (DCII) window

112

4 SETUP AND OPERATION Figure 4-46 QAM and Up-Converter Configuration — Annex A (DVB) window

113

4 SETUP AND OPERATION Figure 4-47 QAM and Up-Converter Configuration — Annex C window

Table 4-29 QAM and Up-Converter Configuration windows field definitions Item

Definition

*QAM Transmission Mode

Select the QAM transmission mode based on the type of digital cable system. North American systems typically operate in Annex B (DCII) mode. European systems typically operate in Annex A (DVB) mode. The SEM can also operate in Annex C (Asia-Pacific) mode. The selected mode applies to all eight QAM channels.

Status LED

Indicates the highest QAM or upconverter fault condition associated with this output. The alarm indications are as follows: • • • • • •

Green – no alarm. Gray – cause of alarm is indeterminate. Yellow – warning. Blue – minor. Magenta – major. Red – critical.

If an LED alarm indication is active, look at “Modulator Status” and “Up-Converter Status” and/or display the Alarm and Events window to determine if a QAM Fault or Upconverter Fault is the cause.

114

4 SETUP AND OPERATION Item

Definition

Output Transport Stream No. (TSID)

This parameter appears before the QAM designator (for example, 9:QAM1A) if there is a transport stream; otherwise, nothing appears and the QAM channel is graytone. The number of the output transport stream is routed to this port. Zero indicates that no stream is routed to this port. It serves as the index into the Transport Stream Configuration Table.

Modulation Mode

64 QAM or 256 QAM

Symbol Rate (Msps)

In Annex A (DVB) mode, the user can select the symbol rate. Typical values for 8 MHz channels will be 6.9, 6.95, or 6.952 Msps. The selected symbol rate must not cause the bandwidth of the resulting QAM signal to exceed the channel spacing. A channel spacing of 8 MHz can support a symbol rate of up to 6.952 Msps. In Annex B (DCII) mode, the symbol rates are fixed for either 64 or 256 QAM and cannot be changed. In Annex C mode, the user can select the symbol rate. Typical values for 6 MHz channels will be 5.31 Msps. The selected symbol rate must not cause the bandwidth of the resulting QAM signal to exceed the channel spacing. A channel spacing of 6 MHz can support a symbol rate of up to 5.31 Msps.

Information Rate (Mbps)

The information rate is displayed based upon the selected symbol rate and Modulation mode. The information rate cannot be changed directly. This is the information payload rate.

Mute

Each channel can be turned off or muted. For normal operation, select Un-Muted to activate the channel. The mute setting is intended to be used for turning off a channel for short periods of time. If the channel will no longer be used, the Output Transport Stream should be disabled on the Output Transport Stream Configuration window.

Interleave Depth

For Annex A (DVB) mode, Annex C mode, and for Annex B (DCII) 64 QAM mode, the interleaver is fixed at a standard setting and cannot be changed. Annex B (DCII) 256 QAM mode allows for variable interleaver settings. The standard value for Annex B (DCII) 256 QAM mode is I=128, J=4. If you select a non-standard value, be sure that all the set-tops in your system are compatible with the non-standard value.

Spectral Inversion

115

Select Normal for normal operation. Select Invert for troubleshooting non-standard systems.

4 SETUP AND OPERATION Item

Definition

Test Mode

Select Off for normal operation. The CW test mode provides a CW carrier with the same average power as the QAM signal. This is useful for setting the output level using a spectrum analyzer, as it avoids the need to use bandwidth correction factors. The PRBS test modes generate standard Pseudo Random Bit Streams with or without inserting the MPEG sync byte. These are used for BER testing.

Channel Spacing (MHz) (DVB only)

In Annex A (DVB) mode, spacing between the A and B channel center frequencies can be configured. Most DVB systems typically use a channel spacing of 8 MHz. The selected symbol rate must not cause the bandwidth of the resulting QAM signal to exceed the channel spacing. A channel spacing of 8 MHz can support a symbol rate of up to 6.952 Msps. In Annex B (DCII) and Annex C mode, the channel spacing is fixed and cannot be changed.

EIA Channel (DCII only)

Selecting the HRC or STD button adjacent to EIA Channel allows tuning based on EIA channel by entering the desired EIA channel number for channel A. When STD is selected, the SEM standard EIA channels with channel spacing of 6 MHz are used. When HRC is selected, the SEM HRC EIA channels with channel spacing of 6.0003 MHz are used. Selecting the HRC or STD button adjacent to RF Output Frequency deactivates channel tuning. After applying the data, the matching EIA channel frequencies will be displayed in the RF Output Frequency boxes.

RF Output Frequency (Hz)

Selecting the HRC or STD button adjacent to RF Output Frequency allows tuning based on frequency by entering the desired frequency for channel A. When STD is selected the SEM, will use standard EIA channel spacing of 6 MHz. When HRC is selected the SEM, will use HRC EIA channel spacing of 6.0003 MHz. Selecting the HRC or STD button adjacent to EIA Channel deactivates frequency tuning. After applying the data, the matching EIA channel numbers will be displayed in the EIA Channel boxes, with N/A being displayed if the frequencies do not match an EIA Channel frequency.

RF Output Level (dBmV)

Select the desired RF output level for each channel. For QAM board MCNs less than 50, optimum signal-to-noise performance will be obtained using output levels in the range of +45 to +56 dBmV. For QAM board MCNs 50 and greater, optimum signal-to-noise performance will be obtained using output levels in the range of +45 to +61 dBmV.

116

4 SETUP AND OPERATION Item

Definition

Modulator Status

No error indicates the QAM modulator is functioning normally. Normal indicates that the QAM modulator is functioning normally. These errors indicate a possible problem in the QAM modulator:

Modulator Revision Upconverter (1-4) Status

• Comm Error – indicates there is a control communications error with the QAM modulator. • Clock PLL Error – indicates the PLL error on the QAM card. • FEC Sync Error – indicates the FEC encoder is unable to detect the MPEG sync bytes. • Scaler Error – indicates an overflow condition in the QAM modulator. • FIFO Error – indicates an underflow or overflow error of the symbol FIFO. Indicates the revision status of the modulator hardware. The following displayed status information regarding the upconverter applies to both the A and B channels: • Normal indicates that the up-converter is functioning normally. • These errors indicate a possible problem in the up-converter or QAM modulator: • Comm error indicates there is a control communications error with the up-converter. • Synth error indicates a synthesizer is out of lock. • RF Low error indicates the measured RF output level is lower than expected. • RF High error indicates the measured RF output level is higher than expected. Warning: False RF Low or RF High errors can be caused by unterminated RF outputs. All unused RF outputs should be terminated or muted to prevent false RF Low or RF High errors.

*Change requires SEM reboot.

117

4 SETUP AND OPERATION

Output Transport Stream Configuration The Output Transport Stream Configuration window is applicable for all operating modes: Cable Encryptor, Manual Routing, UDP Mapping, ASI Demultiplexing, and Eight Channel UDP Mapping. Output Transport Stream Configuration — Cable Encryptor (or SimulCrypt) In Cable Encryption mode, the Output Transport Stream Configuration window is applicable to broadcast systems where the DAC 6000 is the controller. This window provides the capability to assign a number of programs per output transport stream to each ACP, associate an output transport stream index number to a specific SEM output interface port, and select an information rate for that interface. The available drop-down list information rates are set by the user on the Input/Output Configuration-Advanced window. The Output Transport Stream Configuration–Cable Encryption window is illustrated in Figure 4-48 and defined in Table 4-30. Figure 4-48 Output Transport Stream Configuration — Cable Encryption (or SimulCrypt) window

118

4 SETUP AND OPERATION Table 4-30 Output Transport Stream Configuration — Cable Encryption (or SimulCrypt) window field definitions Item

Definition

ASI Monitor Port Number

When enabled (check mark), it indicates the number of the transport stream to route to the ASI Monitor Port on the front panel. Zero indicates that no stream is to be routed to the ASI Monitor Port. This parameter takes immediate effect.

*Output Transport Stream Speed Mode

The output modes are:

Utilization Monitoring

• * High — ASI 5-8, GigE 1-3, or a mix of these for four outputs. Maximum output rate is 206 Mbps without encryption and 160 Mbps with encryption. • * Low — All 16 outputs. Maximum output rate is 53 Mbps, encrypted or unencrypted. Invokes the Output Transport Stream Utilization Monitoring window, which is illustrated in Figure 4-54.

Transport Stream Index

Output transport stream number.

*Output Interface Selection

The number and type of output this transport stream is to be routed. The settings are limited to the following: GigE 1 3 for any stream 1—16. ASI 5-8: only to streams 1 through 4 respectively. QAM 1A-4B: only to streams 9 through 16 respectively.

Information Rate (Mbps)

Rate in Mbps. Zero indicates not in use. The minimum rate is 1 Mbps and the maximum rate is 206 Mbps. SEM rates cannot be set to the exact value the user has selected. This parameter takes immediate effect. This field is view only for QAM, as QAM rates are configured in the applicable Annex QAM and Up Converter Configuration window.

*GigE Tx Multicast Interface

Identifies the specific GigE 1-3 used as the output for multicast streams. When a GigE output stream’s destination IP address is a multicast IP address, this setting defines the physical GigE interface that will be used. Singlecast and broadcast GigE outputs use the network stack’s routing table (based on destination IP address) and the user-defined static routing table to determine which physical GigE interface to use.

*Number Encrypted Program Supported

Sets the number of programs per output transport stream to be encrypted by each ACP. The ACP module can encrypt 128 programs. This field is applicable only if an ACP module is installed and the SEM is externally controlled. The number of encrypted programs per output stream must be either 0 or multiples of 8 (0, 8, 16, 24, 32 . . . 128).

*Change requires SEM reboot.

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4 SETUP AND OPERATION

Output Transport Stream Configuration — Manual Routing The Output Transport Stream Configuration — Manual Routing mode window is applicable to broadcast systems where the SEM-EM is used as a surrogate controller. It provides the capability to manually associate an output transport stream index number to a specific SEM output interface, clock rate, and PAT output transport stream ID. For the GigE interfaces, the output IP address and output UDP port can also be specified. The Output Transport Stream Configuration — Manual Routing window is illustrated in Figure 4-49 and defined in Table 4-31. Figure 4-49 Output Transport Stream Configuration — Manual Routing window

120

4 SETUP AND OPERATION Table 4-31 Output Transport Stream Configuration — Manual Routing window field definitions Item

Definition

ASI Monitor Port Transport Stream Number

When enabled (check mark), it indicates the number of the transport stream to route to the ASI Monitor Port on the front panel. Zero indicates that no stream is to be routed to the ASI Monitor Port. This parameter takes immediate effect.

Output Transport Stream Speed Mode

The output modes are:

Utilization Monitoring

• High – ASI 5–8, GigE 1–3, or a mix of these for four outputs. Maximum output rate is 206 Mbps without encryption and 160 Mbps with encryption. • Low – All 16 outputs. Maximum output rate is 53 Mbps, encrypted or unencrypted. Invokes the Output Transport Stream Utilization Monitoring window, which is illustrated in Figure 4-54.

Transport Stream Index

Output transport stream number.

*Output Interface Selection

The number and type of output this transport stream is to be routed. The settings are limited to the following:

Information Rate (Mbps)

PAT Output TSID

• GigE 1–3 for any stream 1–16. • ASI 5–8: only to streams 1 through 4 respectively. • QAM 1A–4B: only to streams 9 through 16 respectively. Rate for clock in megabits per second. Zero indicates clock not in use. The minimum rate is 1 Mbps, and the maximum rate is 206 Mbps. SEM clocks cannot be set to the exact value the user has selected. This parameter takes immediate effect. The output transport stream ID to use for the output PAT in this output transport stream. This parameter takes immediate effect. Changing this parameter will result in all programs on the output stream(s) being changed to be deleted and re-added. This will result in a momentary glitch.

*GigE Tx Multicast Interface

121

Identifies the specific GigE 1–3 used as the output. When a GigE output stream’s destination IP address is a multicast IP address, this setting defines the physical GigE interface that will be used. Singlecast and broadcast GigE outputs use the network stack’s routing table (based on destination IP address) and the user-defined static.

4 SETUP AND OPERATION Item

Definition

Output IP Address

Only applicable to GigE ports. The output IP address for this output transport stream. The Output IP address must be a valid class A, B, C, or D address. Additionally, the output IP address and UDP port for each GigE output must be unique for each output stream. The same output IP address can be used for multiple GigE outputs, but each output stream must then have a unique UDP port. This parameter takes immediate effect. Changing this parameter will result in all programs on the output stream(s) being changed to be deleted and re-added. This will result in a momentary glitch.

Output UDP Port

Only applicable to GigE ports. The output UDP port for this output transport stream. The output UDP port must be from 0 – 65535. This parameter takes immediate effect. Changing this parameter will result in all programs on the output stream(s) being changed to be deleted and re-added. This will result in a momentary glitch in the video stream.

*Number Encrypted Program Supported

Sets the number of programs per output transport stream to be encrypted by each ACP. The ACP module can encrypt 128 programs. This field is applicable only if an ACP module is installed and the SEM is externally controlled. The number of encrypted programs per output stream must be either 0 or multiples of 8 (0, 8, 16, 24, 32 . . . 128). In this operating mode, the number of encrypted programs per output is only relevant when CTE is Enabled.

Available *Change requires SEM reboot.

122

Indicates the remaining number of encrypted programs supported that are available.

4 SETUP AND OPERATION

Output Transport Stream Configuration — UDP Mapping The Output Transport Stream Configuration — UDP Mapping mode window is applicable to VOD systems where the SEM-EM is mapped from a VOD controller. It provides the capability to associate an output transport stream index number to a specific SEM output interface and information clock rate. The Output Transport Stream Configuration — UDP Mapping window is illustrated in Figure 4-50 and defined in Table 4-32. Figure 4-50 Output Transport Stream Configuration — UDP Mapping window

Table 4-32 Output Transport Stream Configuration — UDP Mapping window field definitions Item

Definition

ASI Monitor Port Transport Stream Number

When enabled (check mark), it indicates the number of the transport stream to route to the ASI Monitor Port on the front panel. Zero indicates that no stream is to be routed to the ASI Monitor Port. This parameter takes immediate effect.

Output Transport Stream Speed Mode

The output modes are: • High — ASI 5–8, GigE 1–3, or a mix of these for four outputs. Maximum output rate is 206 Mbps without encryption and 160 Mbps with encryption. • Low — All 16 outputs. Maximum output rate is 53 Mbps, encrypted or unencrypted.

123

4 SETUP AND OPERATION Item

Definition

Utilization Monitoring

Invokes the Output Transport Stream Utilization Monitoring window, which is illustrated in Figure 4-54.

Transport Stream Index

Output transport stream number.

*Output Interface Selection

The number and type of output this transport stream is to be routed. The settings are limited to the following:

Information Rate (Mbps)

*Number Encrypted Program Supported

• GigE 1–3: for any stream 1–16. • ASI 5–8: only to streams 1 through 4 respectively. • QAM 1A–4B: only to streams 9 through 16 respectively. Rate for clock in megabits per second. Zero indicates clock not in use. The minimum rate is 1 Mbps, and the maximum rate is 206 Mbps. SEM clocks cannot be set to the exact value the user has selected. This parameter takes immediate effect. Enables selection of the number of programs that can be encrypted on an output stream. Only multiples of ACP services per encryption processor are valid, and the combined encryption count cannot exceed the ACP modules capacity (for example, 128). This field is applicable only if an ACP module is installed. The number of encrypted programs per output stream must be either 0 or multiples of 8 (0, 8, 16, 24, 32 . . . 128). In this operating mode, the number of encrypted programs per output is only relevant when CTE is Enabled.

Available *Change requires SEM reboot.

124

Indicates the remaining number of encrypted programs supported that are available.

4 SETUP AND OPERATION

Output Transport Stream Configuration — ASI Demultiplexing The Output Transport Stream Configuration — ASI Demultiplexing window is used to configure ASI inputs to GigE and/or QAM outputs whereby starting and ending program service ranges are defined for outputs associated to specific ASI inputs. It is a quicker alternative than using Manual Remapping, which entails defining each service output individually. The Output Transport Stream Configuration — ASI Demultiplexing window is illustrated in Figure 4-51 and defined in Table 4-33. Figure 4-51 Output Transport Stream Configuration — ASI Demultiplexing window

125

4 SETUP AND OPERATION Table 4-33 Output Transport Stream Configuration — ASI Demultiplexing window field definitions Item

Definition

ASI Monitor Port Transport Stream Number

When enabled (check mark), it indicates the number of the transport stream to route to the ASI Monitor Port on the front panel. Zero indicates that no stream is to be routed to the ASI Monitor Port. This parameter takes immediate effect.

Output Transport Stream Speed Mode

The output modes are:

Utilization Monitoring

• High — ASI 5–8, GigE 1–3, or a mix of these for four outputs. Maximum output rate is 206 Mbps without encryption and 160 Mbps with encryption. • Low — All 16 outputs. Maximum output rate is 53 Mbps, encrypted or unencrypted. Invokes the Output Transport Stream Utilization Monitoring window, which is illustrated in Figure 4-54.

Transport Stream Index

Output transport stream number.

*Output Interface Selection

The number and type of output this transport stream is to be routed. The settings are limited to the following:

Information Rate (Mbps)

*Number Encrypted Program Supported

• GigE 1–3 for any stream 1–16. • ASI 5–8: only to streams 1 through 4 respectively. • QAM 1A–4B: only to streams 9 through 16 respectively. Rate for clock in megabits per second. Zero indicates clock not in use. The minimum rate is 1 Mbps, and the maximum rate is 206 Mbps. SEM clocks cannot be set to the exact value the user has selected. This parameter takes immediate effect. Enables selection of the number of programs that can be encrypted on an output stream. Only multiples of ACP services per encryption processor are valid, and the combined encryption count cannot exceed the ACP modules capacity (for example, 128). This field is applicable only if an ACP module is installed. The number of encrypted programs per output stream must be either 0 or multiples of 8 (0, 8, 16, 24, 32 . . . 128). In this operating mode, the number of encrypted programs per output is only relevant when CTE is Enabled

Available *Change requires SEM reboot.

126

Indicates the remaining number of encrypted programs supported that are available.

4 SETUP AND OPERATION

Output Transport Stream Configuration — Standardized UDP Port Mapping The Output Transport Stream Configuration — Standardized UDP Port Mapping mode window is applicable to VOD systems where encryption is not required. It provides the capability to associate an output transport stream index number to a specific SEM output interface and information clock rate. The Output Transport Stream Configuration — Standardized UDP Port Mapping window is illustrated in Figure 4-52 and defined in Table 4-34. Figure 4-52 Output Transport Stream Configuration — Standardized UDP Port Mapping mode window

127

4 SETUP AND OPERATION Table 4-34 Output Transport Stream Configuration — Standardized UDP Port Mapping mode window field definitions Item

Definition

ASI Monitor Port Transport Stream Number

When enabled (check mark), it indicates the number of the transport stream to route to the ASI Monitor Port on the front panel. Zero indicates that no stream is to be routed to the ASI Monitor Port. This parameter takes immediate effect.

Output Transport Stream Speed Mode

The output modes are:

Utilization Monitoring

• High — ASI 5-8, GigE 1-3, or a mix of these for four outputs. Maximum output rate is 206 Mbps without encryption and 160 Mbps with encryption. • Low — All 16 outputs. Maximum output rate is 53 Mbps, encrypted or unencrypted. Invokes the Output Transport Stream Utilization Monitoring window, which is illustrated in Figure 4-54.

Transport Stream Index

Output transport stream number.

*Output Interface Selection

The number and type of output this transport stream is to be routed. The settings are limited to the following:

Information Rate (Mbps)

*Number Encrypted Program Supported

• GigE 1–3 for any stream 1–16. • ASI 5–8: only to streams 1 through 4 respectively. • QAM 1A–4B: only to streams 9 through 16 respectively. Rate for clock in megabits per second. Zero indicates clock not in use. The minimum rate is 1 Mbps, and the maximum rate is 53 Mbps. SEM clocks cannot be set to the exact value the user has selected. This parameter takes immediate effect. This field is view only for QAM, as QAM rates are configured in the applicable annex QAM and Up Converter Configuration window. Enables selection of the number of programs that can be encrypted on an output stream. The number of encrypted programs per output stream must be either 0 or multiples of 8 (0,8,16,24,32 . . . 128). In this operating mode, the number of encrypted programs per output is only relevant when CTE is Enabled.

Available *Change requires SEM reboot.

128

Indicates the remaining number of encrypted programs supported that are available.

4 SETUP AND OPERATION

Output Transport Stream Configuration — Eight Channel UDP Mapping The Output Transport Stream Configuration — Eight Channel UDP window is used to map QAM1A through 4B outputs to emulate outputs of non-Motorola edge devices. The Output Transport Stream Configuration — Eight Channel UDP Mapping window is illustrated in Figure 4-53 and defined in Table 4-35. Figure 4-53 Output Transport Stream Configuration — Eight Channel UDP Mapping window

129

4 SETUP AND OPERATION Table 4-35 Output Transport Stream Configuration — Eight Channel UDP Mapping window field definitions Item

Definition

ASI Monitor Port Transport Stream Number

When enabled (check mark), it indicates the number of the transport stream to route to the ASI Monitor Port on the front panel. Zero indicates that no stream is to be routed to the ASI Monitor Port. This parameter takes immediate effect.

Utilization Monitoring

Invokes the Output Transport Stream Utilization Monitoring window, which is illustrated in Figure 4-54.

Transport Stream Index

Output transport stream number.

*Output Interface Selection

The number and type of output routing for this transport stream. The routes are QAM 1A–4B to streams 9 through 16 respectively.

Information Rate (Mbps)

Rate for clock in megabits per second. Zero indicates clock not in use. The minimum rate is 1 Mbps, and the maximum rate is 206 Mbps. SEM clocks cannot be set to the exact value the user has selected. This parameter takes immediate effect.

*Number Encrypted Program Supported

Enables selection of the number of programs that can be encrypted on an output stream. Only multiples of ACP services per encryption processor are valid and the combined encryption count cannot exceed the ACP modules capacity (for example, 128). This field is applicable only if an ACP module is installed. The number of encrypted programs per output stream must be either 0 or multiples of 8 (0, 8, 16, 24, 32 . . . 128). In this operating mode, the number of encrypted programs per output is only relevant when CTE is Enabled.

Available *Change requires SEM reboot.

130

Indicates the remaining number of encrypted programs supported that are available.

4 SETUP AND OPERATION

Output Transport Stream Utilization Monitoring The Output Transport Stream Utilization Monitoring window provides a data rate summary presentation within a sampled time-frame. The user can enable and disable monitoring of one or all output transport streams. Each monitored output transport stream is monitored for one second to determine the output data rate. Each transport stream is monitored for one full second; therefore, when all 16 streams are being monitored, the data rate for any transport stream is updated every 16 seconds. Conversely, if only one transport stream is being monitored, its output data rate is updated every second. The Output Transport Stream Utilization Monitoring window is illustrated in Figure 4-54 and defined in Table 4-36. Figure 4-54 Output Transport Stream Utilization Monitoring window

131

4 SETUP AND OPERATION Table 4-36 Output Transport Stream Utilization Monitoring window field definitions Item

Definition

Output Transport Stream

The transport stream number associated to an output interface port.

Output Stream Status

Summary of the possible alarms associated with an output stream, such as: • Output Stream Overflow • Output Stream Threshold • Output Stream Host IP Overflow • QAM Fault • Upconverter Fault The highest current fault is indicated by each LED. The alarm indications are as follows: • • • • • •

Green — no alarm. Gray — cause of alarm is indeterminate. Yellow — warning. Blue — minor. Magenta — major. Red — critical.

If an LED alarm indication is active, display the Alarm and Events window to determine which of the above output transport stream alarms is the cause. Output Overflow Status

This LED is red if an overflow error occurred at least once during this sampling interval. When green, it indicates no output overflow error occurred. An output overflow indicates that the input stream data rate is either greater than the output stream data rate, or the input stream has had a sudden burst (a sudden increase in the input data rate). Input streams that are prone to sudden bursts can cause the SEM to overflow and will result in the dropping of output packets.

Output Threshold Status

This LED is red if a threshold reached error occurred at least once during this sampling interval. When green, it indicates no threshold reached error occurred.

Enable Monitoring

Enables Monitoring when active (check mark).

Data Rate (Mbps)–Current

Current data rate of most recently taken sample (1 –— seconds depending on number of streams being monitored).

Data Rate (Mbps) — Average

Average utilization over this sampling interval in bps. This is the average data rate over the last 15 minutes (sampling interval is a sliding 15 minute interval).

132

4 SETUP AND OPERATION Item

Definition

Data Rate (Mbps)–Peak

Peak utilization for a sample during this sampling interval in bps. This is the peak data rate over the last 15 minutes (sampling interval is a sliding 15 minute interval).

Data Rate (Mbps)–Minimum

Minimum utilization for a sample during this sampling interval in bps. This is the minimum data rate over the last 15 minutes (sampling interval is a sliding 15 minute interval).

Time Recorded

Time in GPS seconds that this table row was saved. When GPS time is not available to the SEM, the internal SEM clock is used. This clock starts at GPS time zero when the SEM is booted. The SEM uses real GPS time when available. Note that when the SEM time source is internal (no GPS time source available), the user can select PC time from the System Configuration window to allow the SEM to use the current PC time of the SEM-EM for logging purposes.

Alarm Threshold (%)

This threshold, which is a percent of usable bandwidth, monitors output transport stream bandwidth utilization and produces an alarm for the following conditions: • Minor alarm — if the threshold is met or exceeded for the time specified in Alarm Set Delay. The minor alarm clears after remaining below the threshold for the time specified in Alarm Clear Delay. Setting Alarm threshold to 0 or 100 disables the minor alarm. • Critical alarm — if the rate reaches 100% (overflow). The alarm returns to minor if the level is no longer at overflow but above the threshold for the time specified in Alarm Clear Delay. The critical alarm can not be disabled, even if the Alarm Threshold is set at 0 or 100. This parameter takes immediate effect.

Alarm Set Delay (seconds)

133

This is the time in seconds the output transport stream bandwidth utilization exceeds the Alarm Threshold percentage before alarming. This parameter takes immediate effect.

4 SETUP AND OPERATION

134

Item

Definition

Alarm Clear Delay (seconds)

This is the time in seconds that output transport stream bandwidth utilization must remain below the Alarm Threshold percentage before clearing the alarm. This parameter takes immediate effect.

4 SETUP AND OPERATION

VOD Control Clicking VOD Control on the SEM-EM menu bar displays the drop-down list, as illustrated in Figure 4-55. Figure 4-55 VOD control drop-down list

The VOD Control screen-sets described in the subsections that follow are: SEM VOD Control

135

•

Manual Remapping

•

UDP Mapping

•

ASI Demultiplexing Configuration

•

8-Channel UDP Mapping

•

Standardized UDP Mapping

•

Ancillary PID Routing

4 SETUP AND OPERATION

SEM VOD Control — Manual Routing The SEM VOD Control — Manual Routing window provides the capability to manually map services or an entire transport stream from input to designated output interfaces. Clicking Enable Manual Routing on (check mark) activates the lower panel of the display to manually input parameter selections for each route. All selections appear in the window display panel. Leaving Enable Manual Routing inactive (hollow) disables the lower panel, which appears blank. The SEM VOD Control– Manual Remapping window is illustrated in Figure 4-56 and defined in Table 4-37. Figure 4-56 SEM VOD Control — Manual Routing window

136

4 SETUP AND OPERATION Table 4-37 SEM VOD Control — Manual Routing window field definitions Item

Definition

Index

Identifies the window line item.

Enabled

Check mark indicates route is enabled.

PassThru

Check mark indicates Transport Stream PassThru is enabled. Indicates that an entire input transport stream is passed through to a specific output.

Pre-Encrypted

Check mark indicates the input service may be pre-encrypted. Only available when routing an individual service (PassThru disabled). This informs the SEM to check each input service for a GI CA ECM descriptor (in the PMT). Any input service that contains a PMT with a GI CA ECM descriptor is considered to be pre-encrypted. The SEM will process the service as normal, but will also pass through the ECM PID. The SEM can only support pre-encrypted services when the ECM and PMT PIDs are on separate input PIDs.

Input Interface

Specifies an ASI, ENET, or GigE port as the input interface.

Input UDP Port

When GigE 1-3 or ENET1-2 is the Input Interface, it specifies the input UDP port number for the transport stream. The input UDP Ports must be in the following range: ENET1 – 2 UDP Ports: 1024 – 65535 GigE UDP Ports: 0 – 65535

137

Input Program No.

Identifies the input MPEG program number for the transport stream (0 — 65535). Input Program No. 0 is used as a “wild card” program. This informs the SEM to map the first service listed in the input PAT message to the specified output. When mapping a program in this manner, only one service mapping from that specific input to an output can be performed

Output Program No.

Identifies the output MPEG program number for the transport stream (1-65535).

Output Stream

Specifies the output transport stream number and the output interface port.

Output IP Address

For GigE outputs, the Output IP address of the output transport stream. The Output IP Address is defined on the Output Transport Stream Configuration window.

Output UDP Port

For GigE outputs, the output UDP port of the output transport stream. The Output UDP Port is defined on the Output Transport Stream Configuration window.

Output Frequency

The frequency in Hz of the output stream (applies only to QAM output streams). The Output Frequency is defined on the QAM Configuration window.

4 SETUP AND OPERATION Item

Definition

Enable Manual Routing

When enabled (check mark), the lower panel displays for manual input of parameters, as determined by the value entered into Index for the targeted line to be edited. The parameters that can be modified on a selected index line using the Enable Manual Routing fields are as follows:

Transport Stream Passthrough

Index Line

Enable Manual Routing Field

Index

Index — indicates the highlighted index line in the upper window panel.

Input Interface

Input Interface Selection — can be ASI, GigE 1-3 or ENET1-2.

Input UDP Port

Input UDP Port — appears only if Input Interface Selection is GigE 1-3 or ENET1-2.

Output Stream

Output Transport Stream — can be QAM, GigE 1-3, or ENET1-2.

Output UDP Port

Output UDP Port — appears only if Output Transport Stream is GigE 1-3, or ENET1-2.

Output IP Address

Output IP Address — appears only if Output Transport Stream is GigE 1-3, or ENET1-2.

Output Frequency

Output Frequency — appears only if Output Transport Stream is QAM.

Input Program No.

Input MPEG Program Number

Output Program No.

Output MPEG Program Number

Pre-Encrypted

Input Program Pre-Encrypted

PassThru

Transport Stream Passthrough

When enabled (check mark), the entire input transport stream is passed to the specified output transport stream. The Input MPEG Program Number, Output MPEG Program Number, and Input Program Pre-Encrypted fields are not available in the lower window panel when Transport Stream Passthrough is active. When an input stream is passed through to an output stream, all PIDs are passed through to the output. The SEM cannot perform insertion or encryption on the output stream.

Input Program Pre-Encrypted

When enabled (checkmark), it indicates that the input stream may be encrypted. When a program is mapped, the SEM will determine if the input program is encrypted (based on ECM PID reference in the PMT). If the program is encrypted (PMT contains a GI CA ECM descriptor), the SEM will map the input ECM PID and extract and re-insert the PIT message, in addition to remapping the program component PIDs. Enabling pre-encryption has no effect on programs that are clear (not encrypted). For the SEM to properly process a pre-encrypted program, the ECM PID must be on a different PID than the PMT PID.

Show Status

Provides drop-list selections to: • SEM PSI Table (Figure 4-76). • Output Program Status Table (Figure 4-72 and Figure 4-73). • Output Transport Stream Utilization Monitoring (Figure 4-54).

138

4 SETUP AND OPERATION

Manual Routing Mapping Restrictions In the bulleted list below, the SEM identifies a GigE input transport stream based on the physical GigE interface and receive UDP Port. The following restrictions apply to the routing of programs and transport streams: •

A GigE input program from a specific input transport stream can only be mapped to one output. This means that a program received on a UDP port on a specific GigE interface cannot be mapped to multiple outputs.

•

A GigE input transport stream can only be passed through to one output. This means that an input transport stream received on a UDP port on a specific GigE interface cannot be passed through to multiple outputs.

•

If a GigE input stream is being passed through to an output stream, no programs on that input can be mapped to an output.

•

If a GigE input program is being mapped as a wild card (input program number 0), no other programs from that input stream can be mapped to the same output stream.

•

If a program is pre-encrypted (and the pre-encrypted check box is selected), the input ECM PID and input PMT PID must be on different PIDs.

Example of Manually Configuring the SEM-EM for Remultiplexing In the example SEM-EM setup procedure that follows, input ports ASI-1 and ASI-2 are configured to output ports QAM-1A and QAM-1B respectively. The example that follows also assumes a North American operating system. 1. Invoke the system browser and type the in the URL address field; the addressed SEM home page is displayed. 2. Click the hyperlink to download the SEM-EM application; the file download pop-up is displayed. 3. Click Save this file to Disk and click OK. 4. After the application downloads, either double-click the downloaded semem.jar (recommended) or access MS-DOS. At the command line type: java –jar semem.jar and

press ENTER.

(type java^-jar^semem.jar where ^ means press spacebar) The SEM Element Manager Login window is displayed. 5. Type the , , and and click OK; the SEM-EM Main window appears for the targeted SEM. 6. On the Menu bar, click Configuration and select SEM System Configuration from the drop-down list. The SEM System Configuration window is displayed. •

139

In the SEM Device Operating Mode field, select Manual Routing.

4 SETUP AND OPERATION •

Click the System Time tab. SEM System Time will be graytone; however, the System Up Time and Time Source fields will be active.

•

Click the Ethernet tab.

•

Type the .

•

The Enet1 OAMP MAC Address appears in the MAC Address field. Type the assigned to this port.

•

Type the applicable .

•

Click the Advanced tab; ensure the two check box fields are disabled (hollow), as there is no encryption in manual routing. In Total PIDs Per Program, select 64.

•

Click Apply.

7. On the Menu bar, click Configuration and select SEM Input/Output Configuration from the drop-down list. The SEM Input/Output Configuration window is displayed. •

Click the ASI Ports tab. For ASI-1 and ASI-2, select Enabled as Input. Ensure ASI-3 through ASI-8 are Disabled.

•

Click the Gigabit Ethernet tab and ensure that the IP Address, Subnet Mask, and Default Gateway are all 0.0.0.0 for GigE-1 through GigE-3. Also, GigE-1 through GigE-3 should be Disabled.

•

Click the Advanced tab and click Default Rates. Values 38.81, 26.97, 38.44, and 51.25 appear for Index-1 through Index-4 respectively.

•

Click Apply.

8. On the Menu bar, click Configuration and select QAM and Up Converter Configuration from the drop-down list. The QAM and Up-Converter Configuration window is displayed.

140

•

In the QAM Transmission Mode field, select Annex B (DCII) from the drop-down list.

•

For the QAM1A-1B tab, typical settings are (bold items are alterable): Parameter

QAM1A

QAM1B

Modulation Mode

64 QAM

256 QAM

Symbol Rate (Msps)

5.056941

5.360537

Information Rate (Mbps)

26.97

38.81

Mute

Un-Muted

Un-Muted

Interleave Depth

I = 128, J = 1

I = 128, J = 4

Spectral Inversion

Normal

Normal

Test Mode

Off

Off

4 SETUP AND OPERATION

*EIA Channel

100

101

*RF Output Frequency (Hz)

651000000

657000000

RF Output Level (dBmV)

56.00

56.00

Modulator Status

Normal

Normal

Modulator Revision

1

1

Output Transport Stream No.

9

10

Up-Converter 1 Status

Normal

Normal

Temperature (Celsius)

50

50

*EIA Channel or RF Output Frequency (Hz) are alterable, but not both. •

Click Apply.

9. On the Menu bar, click Configuration and select Output Transport Stream Configuration from the drop-down list. The SEM Output Transport Stream Configuration–Manual Routing window is displayed. •

For Transport Stream Index 9, select QAM-1A and type 1 for the PAT TS ID. For 64 QAM, the value 26.97 appears in the Information Rate (Mbps) field.

•

For Transport Stream Index 10, select QAM-1B and type 2 for the PAT TS ID. For 256 QAM, the value 38.81 appears in the Information Rate (Mbps) field.

•

Click Apply.

10. On the Menu bar, click VOD Control and select Manual Remapping from the drop-down list. The SEM VOD Control–Manual Routing Configuration window is displayed. •

Enable Manual Routing (check mark).

•

Highlight Index 0001.

•

For Input Interface Selection, select ASI-1 from the drop-down list.

•

For Output Transport Stream, select 09:QAM1A from the drop-down list.

•

Enable (check mark) Transport Stream Passthrough.

•

Highlight Index 0002.

•

For Input Interface Selection, select ASI-2 from the drop-down list.

•

For Output Transport Stream, select 10:QAM1B from the drop-down list.

•

Enable (check mark) Transport Stream Passthrough.

•

Click Apply.

11. Reboot the SEM. 141

4 SETUP AND OPERATION

SEM VOD Control — UDP Mapping The SEM VOD Control — UDP Mapping window provides the capability to specify the starting and ending program number range and the transport stream identification used by the PAT for each transport stream that was associated to an interface output in the SEM Output Transport Stream Configuration window. Destination IP addresses and UDP port numbers are also defined for GigE 1-3 ports. The SEM VOD Control–UDP Mapping window is illustrated in Figure 4-57 and defined in Table 4-38. Figure 4-57 SEM VOD Control — UDP Mapping window

142

4 SETUP AND OPERATION Table 4-38 SEM VOD Control — UDP Mapping window field definitions Item

Definition

Input Program Pre-Encrypted

When active (check mark), it indicates pre-encrypted programs can be processed through the SEM. Changing this setting will cause all programs already mapped to be deleted and readded. This will result in a momentary glitch in the video stream.

Input Port

Input port of the UDP algorithm from the VOD controller. Changing this setting will cause all programs already mapped to be deleted and readded. This will result in a momentary glitch in the video stream.

Base Offset for Opening Input UDP Ports

Identifies the start of the defined range beyond the IANA reserved range for the input UDP ports when using UDP mapping of the SEM-EM. Offset values are: • 0 • 8192 • 16384 • 24576 • 32768 • 40960 • 49152 • 57344 Changing this setting will cause all programs already mapped to be deleted and re-added. This will result in a momentary glitch in the video stream.

Output Transport Stream

This column replicates the selections made for the output interfaces on the SEM Output Transport Stream Configuration window. GigE interface ports are not specified. It is view only.

Starting Program Number

Used in conjunction with Number Programs to indicate a range of programs. This is the starting program number of the first program on an output. Changing this setting will cause all programs already mapped to be deleted and re-added. This will result in a momentary glitch in the video stream.

143

4 SETUP AND OPERATION Item

Definition

Number Programs

Used in conjunction with Starting Program Number to indicate a range of programs. The maximum number of programs is based on the configuration of the Output Transport Stream (based on the PID Remapping setting) The default is 64 programs per output stream; however, this can be increased to 252 programs per output. Changing this setting will cause all programs already mapped to be deleted and re-added. This will result in a momentary glitch in the video stream.

PAT TS ID

The output transport stream ID to use for the output PAT in this output transport stream when in manual routing mode. This parameter takes immediate effect. Changing this setting will cause all programs already mapped to be deleted and re-added. This will result in a momentary glitch in the video stream.

*GigE Tx Multicast Interface

Identifies the specific GigE interface (1 or 2) used as the output. When a GigE output stream’s destination IP address is a Multicast IP address, this setting defines the physical GigE interface that will be used. Singlecast and broadcast GigE outputs use the network stack’s routing table (based on destination IP address) and the user defined static routing table to determine which physical GigE interface to use.

Output IP Address

For GigE 1–3, it specifies the output IP address on which to place data when in manual routing mode. It is used with IP based output interfaces. The Output IP address must be a valid class A, B, C, or D address. Additionally, the output IP address and UDP port for each GigE output must be unique for each output stream. The same output IP address can be used for multiple GigE outputs, but each output stream must then have a unique UDP port. This parameter takes immediate effect. Changing this setting will cause all programs on the selected output stream to be deleted and readded. This will result in a momentary glitch in the video stream.

144

4 SETUP AND OPERATION Item

Definition

Output UDP Port

For GigE 1–3, it specifies the output UDP port on which to place data when in manual routing mode. It is used with UDP based output interfaces. The output UDP port must be from 0 to 65535. This parameter takes immediate effect. Changing this setting will cause all programs on the selected output stream to be deleted and readded. This will result in a momentary glitch in the video stream.

Show Status

Provides drop-list selections to: • SEM PSI Table (Figure 4-76). • Output Program Status Table (Figure 4-72 and Figure 4-73). • Output Transport Stream Utilization Monitoring (Figure 4-54).

*Change requires SEM reboot.

145

4 SETUP AND OPERATION

SEM UDP Mapping Example In this mode, the sixteen-bit UDP port number is generated using the output transport stream, UDP port offset value, and the output program number. The UDP port number will always be an even number. The UDP port bit fields are: •

UDP port bits 15 through 13 are the UDP port offset value.

•

UDP port bits 12 through 9 are the output transport streams 1 through 16 (transport stream 1 is represented by 0x0 and transport stream 16 is represented by 0xF).

•

UDP port bits 8 through 1 are the output program numbers 1 through 256 (program number 1 is represented by 0x0 and program number 256 is represented by 0xFF).

•

UDP port bit 0 is always zero.

In general, the UDP port calculation is: UDP Port = Offset + 512 * (Output Transport Stream – 1) + 2 * (Program Number – 1) Typical UDP mapping example with port offset value of 0 is provided in Table 439: Table 4-39 Example of UDP mapping with port offset of 0

146

Transport Stream ID

Start Program

Number of Mappings

Calculated Input UDP Ports in Hex (Decimal)

1

1

0

–

2

1

0

–

3

1

0

–

4

1

0

–

5

1

0

–

6

1

0

–

7

1

0

–

8

1

0

–

9

1

20

0x1000 – 0x1026 (4096 – 4134)

10

1

20

0x1200 – 0x1226 (4608 – 4646)

11

1

20

0x1400 – 0x1426 (5120 – 5158)

12

1

20

0x1600 – 0x1626 (5632 – 5670)

4 SETUP AND OPERATION

147

Transport Stream ID

Start Program

Number of Mappings

Calculated Input UDP Ports in Hex (Decimal)

13

1

20

0x1800 – 0x1826 (6144 – 6182)

14

1

20

0x1A00 – 0x1A26 (6656 – 6694)

15

1

20

0x1C00 – 0x1C26 (7168 – 7206)

16

1

20

0x1E00 – 0x1E26 (7680 – 7718)

4 SETUP AND OPERATION

SEM VOD Control — Standardized UDP Mapping The SEM VOD Control — Standardized UDP Mapping window provides the capability to specify the starting and ending program number range and the transport stream identification used for the PAT in each transport stream that was associated with an interface output in the SEM Output Transport Stream Configuration window. Destination IP addresses and UDP port numbers are also defined for GigE ports. The SEM VOD Control — Standardized UDP Mapping window is illustrated in Figure 4-58 and defined in Table 4-40. Figure 4-58 SEM VOD Control — Standardized UDP Mapping window

148

4 SETUP AND OPERATION Table 4-40 SEM VOD Control — Standardized UDP Mapping window field definitions Item

Definition

Input Program Pre-Encrypted

When active (check mark), it indicates pre-encrypted programs can be processed through the SEM. Changing this setting will cause all programs already mapped to be deleted and re-added. This will result in a momentary glitch in the video stream.

Input Port

Physical GigE input port of the UDP algorithm from the VOD controller. Changing this setting will cause all programs already mapped to be deleted and re-added. This will result in a momentary glitch in the video stream.

Mode Bit Setting

Used as part of the UDP Port calculation. This setting represents the 2 MSBs (bits 14 and 15) of the calculated UDP Port.

Starting Transport Stream Index

Sets the transport stream index as relative 0 or 1. The output transport stream index is used as part of the UDP port calculation and can be relative 0 (0 – 15) or relative 1 (1 – 16). Changing this setting will cause all programs already mapped to be deleted and re-added. This will result in a momentary glitch in the video stream.

Output Transport Stream

This column replicates the selections made for the output interfaces on the SEM Output Transport Stream Configuration window.

Starting Program Number

Used in conjunction with Number Programs to indicate a range of programs. This is the starting program number of the first program on an output. Changing this setting will cause all programs on the specified output stream to be deleted and re-added. This will result in a momentary glitch in the video stream.

Number Programs

Used in conjunction with Starting Program Number to indicate a range of programs. The maximum number of programs is based on the configuration of the SEM (based on PID Remapping flag and the number of PIDs per service configuration). The default is 64 programs per output stream; however, this can be increased to 252 programs per output. Changing this setting will cause all programs on the specified output stream to be deleted and re-added. This will result in a momentary glitch in the video stream.

PAT TS ID

The output transport stream ID to use for the output PAT in this output transport stream. This parameter takes immediate effect. Changing this setting will cause all programs on the specified output stream to be deleted and re-added.

149

4 SETUP AND OPERATION Item

Definition This will result in a momentary glitch in the video stream.

*GigE Tx Multicast Interface

Identifies the specific GigE interface (1 – 3) used as the output. When a GigE output stream’s destination IP address is a multicast IP address, this setting defines the physical GigE interface that will be used. Singlecast and broadcast GigE outputs use the network stack’s routing table (based on destination IP address) and the user-defined static routing table to determine which physical GigE interface to use.

Output IP Address

For GigE output transport streams, it specifies the destination IP address. The Output IP address must be a valid class A, B, C, or D address. Additionally, the output IP address and UDP port for each GigE output must be unique for each output stream. The same output IP address can be used for multiple GigE outputs, but each output stream must then have a unique UDP port. This parameter takes immediate effect. Changing this setting will cause all programs on the specified output stream to be deleted and re-added. This will result in a momentary glitch in the video stream.

Output UDP Port

For GigE output transport streams, it specifies the destination UDP port. This parameter takes immediate effect. Changing this setting will cause all programs on the specified output stream to be deleted and re-added. This will result in a momentary glitch in the video stream.

Show Status

Provides drop-list selections to: • SEM PSI Table (Figure 4-76). • Output Program Status Table (Figure 4-72 and Figure 4-73). • Output Transport Stream Utilization Monitoring (Figure 4-54).

* Change requires SEM reboot.

150

4 SETUP AND OPERATION

SEM Standardized UDP Mapping Example In this mode, the sixteen-bit UDP port number is generated using the output transport stream index, relative 0/1 transport stream setting, and the output program number. The UDP port bit fields are:

151

•

UDP port bits 15 and 14 are the mapping mode (default 0x0, mode 0).

•

UDP port bits 13 through 8 are the output transport stream index (0 – 15 or 1 – 16, depending on relative 0/1 transport stream setting).

•

UDP port bits 7 through 0 are the output program numbers 1 – 255 (relative 1; program number 1 is represented as 0x01, program number 255 is represented as 0xFF).

4 SETUP AND OPERATION

In general, the UDP Port calculation (mode 0 only) is: •

UDP Port = 49152 + (256 * Output Transport Stream) + Program Number

Typical UDP mapping example with port offset value of 0 is provided in Table 4-41. Table 4-41 Example of Standardized UDP mapping with relative 1 transport stream index

152

TransportStream ID

Start Program

Number of Mappings

Calculated Input UDP Ports in Hex (Decimal)

1

1

20

–

2

1

20

–

3

1

20

–

4

1

20

–

5

1

20

–

6

1

20

–

7

1

20

–

8

1

20

–

9

1

20

0x0101 – 0x0114 (257 – 276)

10

1

20

0x0201 – 0x0214 (513 – 532)

11

1

20

0x0301 – 0x0314 (769 – 788)

12

1

20

0x0401 – 0x0414 (1026 – 1048)

13

1

0

0x0501 – 0x0514 (1281 – 1300)

14

1

0

0x0601 – 0x0614 (1537 – 1556)

15

1

0

0x0701 – 0x0714 (1793 – 1812)

16

1

0

0x0801 – 0x0814 (2049 – 2068)

4 SETUP AND OPERATION

ASI Demultiplexing Configuration This window is for ASI interface ports only. It provides quicker setup than the SEM VOD Control — Manual Remapping window. For each ASI input, this window provides the capability to specify the starting and ending program number range and the transport stream identification used by the PAT for each transport stream that was associated with an interface output in the SEM Output Transport Stream Configuration window. Destination IP addresses and UDP port numbers are also defined for GigE 1-3 ports. The ASI Demultiplexing Configuration window is illustrated in Figure 4-59 and defined in Table 4-42. Figure 4-59 ASI Demultiplexing Configuration window

153

4 SETUP AND OPERATION Table 4-42 ASI Demultiplexing Configuration window field definitions

154

Item

Definition

Input Program Pre-Encrypted

When active (check mark), it indicates pre-encrypted programs can be processed through the SEM. Changing this setting will cause all programs already mapped to be deleted and re-added. This will result in a momentary glitch in the video stream.

Output Transport Stream

This column replicates the selections made for the output interfaces on the SEM Output Transport Stream Configuration window. GigE interface ports are not specified. It is view only. Changing this setting will cause all programs already mapped to be deleted and re-added. This will result in a momentary glitch in the video stream.

ASI Input Port

The ASI port that is the transport stream source.

Starting Program Number

Used in conjunction with Number Programs to indicate a range of programs. This is the starting program number of the first program on an output. Changing this setting will cause all programs already mapped to be deleted and re-added. This will result in a momentary glitch in the video stream.

Number Programs (= 90% full and < 98% full. Minor alarm occurs if the Command Table is >= 98% full.

183

4 SETUP AND OPERATION Condition

Description

Level

Comments

Service In Error

Indicates that a service command is currently in error (unable to fully continue processing). The alarm is set after one or more service commands is in error for more than 60 seconds.

Major

Only applicable when the SEM is used to encrypt services.

Applicable to very specific errors, whereby the error could be caused by either the input stream being invalid or another command with the input stream is causing the error. Two typical examples: 1 The command is in error if mapping an input service to an output and that PMT is not referenced in the PAT. This error condition is cleared if a new PAT is received referencing the PMT. 2 The number of PIDs in the PMT is greater than the number of PIDs supported. This error condition is cleared if a new PMT is received referencing a valid number of PIDs.

184

Waiting for Extracted Message

Indicates one or more commands are waiting more than 60 seconds for an extracted message (PAT, PMT). This alarm is cleared after all commands waiting for extracted messages received all of the messages.

Major

Not applicable when the SEM is in any of the UDP Port mapping modes or in ASI Demux mode.

Service Not Authorized

Indicates one or more services that are supposed to be fully encrypted are not authorized. Authorized status is based on the status reports from the ACP (full encryption only).

Major

Only applicable when the SEM is used to encrypt services.

4 SETUP AND OPERATION Condition

Description

Level

SimulCrypt Communication

Alarm is applicable only when the operating mode is Simulcrypt 1. Indicates one or more SimulCrypt interfaces is having a communications failure. A failure can be connecting to a defined ECMG or a failure receiving data from an EMMG.

Major

Comments

Configuration Alarms Hardware Fault

Indicates that a hardware-related error occurred. Examples include missing or uncommunicative hardware, failures in initialization of hardware, and failures to configure hardware. These can occur at startup or when the system is operational.

Warning, Major, and Critical

Types of HW Faults:

Invalid Initialization Data

185

• Application File(s) Download failure • SPI Interface Initialization failure • PCI Interface Initialization failure • GigE Configuration failure • MUX Configuration failure • QAM Module Communication failure • Upconverter Module Communication failure • Unsupported/Incorrect HW/FW Version (QAM, UC, ACP) • Encryption Entitlement Certificate(s) not found • Fatal Host Firmware Exception Indicates invalid initialization data is encountered in the config.ini or mancfg.ini at system startup.

Warning

Alarm can be cleared by the user.

4 SETUP AND OPERATION Condition

Description

Level Hardware Alarms

Temperature Fault

Indicates the temperature of the SEM exceeded the maximum allowed (60 degrees Celsius).

Critical

Fan Fault

“major” indicates one fan has reduced RPM readings.

Major 1 fan has failed.

“critical” indicates two or more fans have reduced RPM readings. NOTES:

186

1)

SEM fan status monitoring takes place at approximately 5 second intervals.

2)

One fan is monitored each status cycle. Each fan is monitored every 15 seconds.

3)

Low fan is below 7500 RPM

4)

Stopped fan is below 1000 RPM

5)

Low fan must be detected for three consecutive readings to cause alarm (45 seconds).

6)

Stopped fan reading will cause alarm immediately.

Critical 2 or more fans have failed.

Comments

4 SETUP AND OPERATION Condition

Description

Level

Comments

Input Alarm Physical Input Failure

Indicates that one or more physical interfaces that are configured as enabled to receive input have a failure. Physical input interfaces can be disabled to prevent this alarm when no input is connected.

Critical

This alarm can be cleared by the user.

Output Transport Stream Alarms Output Stream Overflow

Indicates one or more output streams have an overflow. This will cause glitching and tiling in the video stream. This can occur when the output data rate is incorrectly configured or the input data being mapped to the output exceeds the output data rate. This can also occur if the input data is extremely prone to sudden bursts in nature. Input that is prone to sudden data bursts can cause the internal SEM buffers to overflow, resulting in an output overflow condition.

Critical

If the output stream is a QAM output, the QAM will typically report an FEC Sync error during an output stream overflow.

187

Detection of link active is used to determine if a GigE is active.

Output Stream Threshold

Indicates the threshold was met or exceeded for the duration of the alarm delay by one or more output transport streams.

Minor

Output Stream Host IP Overflow

Indicates host IP insert packets are being dropped. This can occur if the Host IP output configuration setting is incorrect (not enough bandwidth allocated for Host IP buffer storage).

Critical

4 SETUP AND OPERATION Condition

Description

QAM Fault

Indicates that one or more QAM Outputs had any or all of the following occur in the last status check interval: • FIFO Error — Modulator input buffer error. • Scalar Error — Modulator output buffer error. • FEC Sync Error — FEC encoder indicates loss of MPEG lock. • Clock PLL Error — Modulator PLL error. • Comm Error — Failure of host processor to communicate with the QAM modulator. The alarm will clear after all QAM faults clear on all outputs. Warning: The FEC Sync error is typically an indication that the output stream is in an overflow state. Check for the output stream overflow alarm when an FEC Sync error is reported.

188

Level Critical

Comments

4 SETUP AND OPERATION Condition

Description

Level

Upconverter Fault

Indicates that one or more Upconverters had any or all of the following occur in the last status check interval:

Comments

Critical

• Synth Error — UC PLL error. • RF High Error — RF level is higher than configured. • RF Low Error — RF output level is lower than configured. • Comm Error — Failure of host processor to communicate with the UC. The alarm will clear after all Upconverter faults clear on all outputs. Warning: False RF Low or RF High errors can be caused by unterminated RF outputs. All unused RF outputs should be terminated or muted to prevent false RF Low or RF High errors.

GigE Redundancy Alarms

189

Threshold Exceeded

Indicates the threshold was exceeded on the in-use GigE port.

Minor

Only applicable when the GigE is in Interface Redundant mode.

Fail Over Fault

Indicates the GigE has autonomously failed over to the backup interface.

Major

Only applicable when the GigE is in Interface Redundant mode. Alarm can be cleared in multiple ways, including user acknowledgement.

4 SETUP AND OPERATION Condition

Description

Level

Comments

ICE Alarms EMMS Communication Failure

Major alarm when communication between the SEM and Entitlement Management Message Server (EMMS) fails.

Major

This alarm only applies when CTE mode is enabled and Encryption Mode is set to “full.”

Major

This alarm only applies when CTE mode is enabled and Encryption Mode is set to “full.”

Major

This alarm only applies when CTE mode is enabled and Encryption Mode is set to “full.”

The alarm will clear when communication with the EMM Server is restored or by manually clearing the alarm on the ICE EMM Status Window. EMMS Invalid Response

Major alarm when the SEM receives an invalid response or error from the Entitlement Management Message Server (EMMS). The alarm will clear when the reason for the invalid response or error is corrected or by manually clearing the alarm on the ICE EMM Status Window.

Full Encryption Failure

Major when the SEM is configured to be in full encryption and cannot be. The alarm will clear when the SEM returns to full encryption or the user configures the SEM to no longer be in full encryption mode.

GigE Input Stream Alarms

190

ISA SDV High Bit Rate

This alarm is used to inform the user when one or more Gigabit Ethernet Input Streams have a high bit rate condition.

Major

Input Stream Below Bit Rate

This alarm is used to inform the user when one or more GigE Input Streams have a low bit rate condition.

Major

Only applicable in ISA SDV mode.

4 SETUP AND OPERATION Condition

Description

Level

GigE Input MPTS Redundancy Alarms Primary Below Threshold

This alarm is used to inform the user when one or more GigE Input Streams configured as the Primary stream of a Redundant Pair are below the configured threshold.

Major

Primary Failover to Backup

This alarm is used to inform the user when one or more GigE Input Streams configured as the Primary stream of a Redundant Pair have Failed Over to the Secondary stream

Major

SEM Unit Alarm SEM Unit Alarm

191

Highest alarm within the SEM.

Minor — Critical

Comments

4 SETUP AND OPERATION

Status — Events This window represents a software panel of monitored events in the SEM. The Status — Events window is illustrated in Figure 4-69 and defined in Table 4-55. Figure 4-69 Events window

192

4 SETUP AND OPERATION Table 4-55 Events window field definitions Condition

Description

Level

Comments

Error Events Load Device Errors

This event counter is updated each time a Load Device (Load SEM) command encounters a fatal error. It indicates the command was deleted because it was in error.

Minor

Not applicable when in internal control modes.

Physical Input Errors

This event counter is updated each time a physical input error occurs.

Critical

Event trap data: Info 1 — the physical interface type code, 1 = GigE. Info 2 — the physical interface number, GigE = 1–3.

Hardware Errors

193

This event counter is updated each time a hardware error occurs.

Warning, Major, and Critical

Invalid Initialization Data

This event counter is updated each time an invalid initialization data item is encountered in the config.ini file at system startup.

Warning

Invalid Configuration Data

This event counter is updated each time an invalid configuration data item is encountered in dynamically configured data after startup.

Warning

Output Utilization Errors

Count of the SEM output transport stream utilization faults.

Minor

GigE Frame Buffer Resets

Number of buffer resets reported by the GigE processor.

Major

Event trap data: Info 1 — the hardware error code.

4 SETUP AND OPERATION

Status — Temperature and Fan The Status — Temperature and Fan window provides Celsius readings of the two temperature sensors and speeds in revolutions per minute of the three fans. The Status — Temperature and Fan window is illustrated in Figure 4-70 and defined in Table 4-56. Figure 4-70 Temperature and Fan

Table 4-56 Temperature and Fan window field definitions

194

Item

Definition

Center Ambient (Celsius)

Ambient temperature at the center temperature sensor in whole number of degrees Celsius.

Right Ambient (Celsius)

As viewed from the front of the SEM unit, ambient temperature at the right temperature sensor in whole number of degrees Celsius.

Left Fan Speed

As viewed from the front of the SEM unit, fan speed reading in revolutions per minute of Fan 3.

Center Fan Speed

Fan speed reading in revolutions per minute of the Fan 2.

Right Fan Speed

As viewed from the front of the SEM unit, fan speed reading in revolutions per minute of Fan 1.

4 SETUP AND OPERATION

Status — Load SEM Command Status The Load SEM Command Status window indicates the status of the Load SEM subcommand sequences generated by the DAC 6000 to configure the SEM. The Load SEM Command Status window is illustrated in Figure 4-71 and defined in Table 4-57. Figure 4-71 Load SEM Command Status window

195

4 SETUP AND OPERATION Table 4-57 Load SEM Command Status window field definitions

196

Item

Definition

Total Blocks

The amount of free memory blocks available for Load SEM commands. Each block contains 64 bytes of storage space. This field is applicable only when the SEM is externally controlled.

Blocks Available

The total amount of memory blocks available for Load SEM commands. This field is applicable only when the SEM is externally controlled.

Blocks Used

Total Blocks – Blocks Available = Blocks Used.

Commands Active

The number of Load SEM commands currently active. A Load SEM command is considered to be active if it is past its start time but has not yet reached its stop time. This field is applicable only when the SEM is externally controlled.

Commands Waiting

The number of Load SEM commands currently waiting to execute. These commands have not yet reached their start time. This field is applicable only when the SEM is externally controlled.

Extract Commands Waiting

The number of Load SEM commands that are waiting for extracted messages. This field is applicable only when the SEM is externally controlled.

4 SETUP AND OPERATION

Status — Output Program Status This window shows what programs on the inputs are being remapped to what programs on the outputs. When encryption is enabled, highlighting an item row causes information to appear at the bottom of the window. The SEM maps input programs to output streams in the same manner, regardless of the Operating mode. Each input programmed mapped is mapped to an output stream as follows: 1. Input PAT is extracted. 2. Using the input PAT, the corresponding input program number is used to find the input PMT PID. 3. Using the input PMT PID, the input PMT is extracted. 4. Using the input PMT, the component PIDs and PCR PID are identified and remapped or remultiplexed to the specified output. The PID values are changed depending on the PID Remapping configuration parameter. 5. If the input program is pre-encrypted, and pre-encryption has been selected, then the ECM PID is also remapped or remultiplexed to the specified output stream. Additionally, the PIT PID is extracted and reinserted into the output stream (the output program number in the PIT is updated). 6. If the output program is being encrypted (input program is not preencrypted), then the SEM will mark the component PIDs with the appropriate scrambled control bit settings and encrypt the payload of the component PIDs. Additionally, ECM messages such as the PRK and WKE are inserted. 7. The output PAT and PMT are updated and inserted to contain the appropriate PID and program number references. The Output Program Status window is illustrated in Figure 4-72 and Figure 4-73 and defined in Table 4-58.

197

4 SETUP AND OPERATION Figure 4-72 Output Program Status window without encryption status

Figure 4-73 Output Program Status window with encryption status

198

4 SETUP AND OPERATION Table 4-58 Output Program Status window field definitions Item

Definition

Input Interface

ASI 1–8 or GigE 1–3 input interface port.

Input Prog. No.

MPEG program number in the input transport stream.

Input UDP Port

Identifies the destination application for the MPEG service (UDP port opened to receive service).

Output Stream

This column replicates the transport stream-to-output interface selections made in the SEM Output Transport Stream Configuration window. This is the output stream to which the input program is being mapped.

Output Prog. No

MPEG service number in the output transport stream.

Encryption Status

Encryption status is as follows: • Full Encryption — Full — Authorized — Full — Not Authorized — N/A (unknown) • • • •

Unencrypted Fixed Program Key Fixed Working Key Clear — Service is not being encrypted and input program is not pre-encrypted. • Pre-encrypted — Input service is pre-encrypted.

199

4 SETUP AND OPERATION Item

Definition

Program Status

Output program status strings are as follows: • Output Program Undefined — no program mapping defined. • Output Program Defined — output program defined, but input program not mapped to the output. • Program Mapping Defined — transition state between reception of input mapping command prior to extraction of input PAT. • Waiting For Initial Input PAT — SEM is waiting for reception of an input PAT. • Waiting For PAT No PMT Found — input PAT received, but input program not specified within the PAT. • Waiting For Input PMT — input PAT received and input program number specified, waiting for input PMT. • Error — Input PIDs Already Mapped — input PMT contains component PIDs that are being shared with other input services. • Error — Max Components Exceeded — input PMT has more component PID references than the SEM is configured to support. • Error — Invalid PCR PID In PMT — input PMT contains an invalid PCR PID reference. • Starting Program Pass Thru — SEM is passing through an entire input program to an output (input PMT PID, ECM PID, PCR PID, and all components are passed through unchanged to the output). • Starting Program Remapping — SEM is remapping the input program (all component PIDs are being remapped). PID Remapping Enabled only. • Starting Program Remuxing — SEM is remultiplexing the input program. PID Remapping Disabled only. • Passing Thru Input Program — SEM successfully passed through an entire input program to an output (input PMT PID, ECM PID, PCR PID, and all components are passed through unchanged to the output). • Remapping Program — SEM successfully remapped the input program to the output stream (all component PIDs are remapped to the output). PID Remapping Enabled only. • Remultiplexing Program — SEM successfully remultiplexed the input program to the output stream (all component PIDs are remuxed to the output). PID Remapping Disabled only. • Stopping Program Pass Thru — SEM is stopping an input program pass through. Typically occurs when a program mapping is being removed. • Stopping Program Remapping — SEM is stopping an input program remapping. Typically occurs when a program mapping is being removed. PID Remapping Enabled only. • Stopping Program Remuxing — SEM is stopping an input program remultiplexing. Typically occurs when a program mapping is being removed. PID Remapping Disabled only.

200

4 SETUP AND OPERATION Item

Definition

PSIP Status (scroll right)

Indicates the current PSIP state: 1 — Not applicable. PSIP Fixing is not enabled. Alternately, if PSIP Fixing is enabled, this means that the mapped input service does not exist (i.e. a PMT does not exist for the particular service). 2 — Incomplete, waiting for MGT. The SEM is unable to extract an MGT message from the input stream that contains the mapped service. Typically the input does not contain any other PSIP messages. 3 — Incomplete, waiting for VCT. The SEM is unable to extract a VCT. Even though the input stream may contain PSIP services, the particular mapped service is not found in the input stream’s VCT table. 4 — Incomplete, waiting for EIT. The SEM is unable to extract an EIT. 5 — PSIP fixing complete. All required input PSIP messages are being extracted. 6 — GigE EIT Limit Reached. The maximum supported extraction limit of 24 GigE EITs has been reached. This service shall be queued until capacity becomes available. This only applies to services mapped from GigE inputs.

Unit Address Human Readable

The 40-bit ACP address and the same address presented in human readable code (hex format).

EMM Count

Indicates the number of Category Rekey messages sent to this ACP.

Category Sequence Number

The current and next Category Sequence Numbers.

Encryption Mode

Same as Encryption Status. Field colors:

Current Program Epoch

201

• Green — encryption authorized. • Red — encryption not authorized. Indicates the current program epoch number for the service on this side of the ACP.

Current Reason Code

The ACP authorization reason code for the service.

Next Program Epoch

Indicates the next program epoch number for the service.

Next Reason Code

Indicates the ACP authorization reason code for the next program epoch for the service.

4 SETUP AND OPERATION Item

Definition

SimulCrypt Status

Clicking this button causes the Status–SimulCrypt SCS Program Status window to display. Button color indicators are: • Green — Status indicators on SimulCrypt Status window are not in error. • Red — A status indicator on SimulCrypt Status window is in error. • Gray — SimulCrypt Status not applicable to highlighted row above.

202

4 SETUP AND OPERATION

Status — SimulCrypt SCS Program Status This window shows the current SimulCrypt status for this encrypted program. The overall program state is displayed, including the SCS Program Index, Program State, and current Crypto Period Duration. The Stream State for each ECMG that is supplying Conditional Access for this program is displayed. The SimulCrypt SCS Program Status window is illustrated in Figure 4-74 and defined in Table 4-59. Figure 4-74 SimulCrypt SCS Program Status window

203

4 SETUP AND OPERATION Table 4-59 SimulCrypt Configuration — Status window field definitions Item

Definition

SCS Program Index

This index is used to traverse the Program Table. The Program Table contains SimulCrypt encryption status information relating to this program.

SCS Program State

Displays the service state of this program: 1 — program configured, no event running. 2 — program configured, event running normally. 3 — program not configured.

Crypto Period (Seconds)

Displays the actual crypto period in seconds that is in use for this program.

ECMG Index

Read only row indicator by ECMG number.

CAS ID (Hex)

The Super CAS ID of the ECMG that will be connected to by the SimulCrypt SCS. The Super CAS ID is the 32-bit concatenation of the CAS ID and the SubCAS ID. The CAS ID identifies the conditional access provider. It supplies the upper 16-bits of the SuperCAS ID. The SubCAS ID identifies instances of a provider’s ECMGs on the SimulCrypt network. It supplies the lower 16-bits of the Super CAS ID. Each ECM ID and SuperCAS ID combination in the SimulCrypt system must be globally unique.

SubCAS ID (Hex)

Stream State

Displays the stream state for an ECMG on this service: 1 — Open 2 — Closed 3 — Error 4 — Not configured 5 — Invalid CAS ID

204

4 SETUP AND OPERATION

Status — Insertion Queue Table The Insertion Queue Table lists the MPEG messages, usually PSI messages such as PAT, PMT, and CAT that are being inserted by the SEM into an output transport stream. Also listed are program related messages and encryption messages such as PIT, PNT, PRK, and WKE. The SEM performs a number of service checks prior to inserting any program or encryption related messages (PMT, PIT, PNT,PRK, WKE). The SEM will only insert program and encryption messages after it has successfully extracted the input PMT message. This allows the SEM to validate the input program and determine if the input program is pre-encrypted. This is necessary since a program can be marked as pre-encrypted and also be marked as output encrypted. The SEM will only encrypt programs if the input program is not marked as pre-encrypted or is marked as pre-encrypted but is not preencrypted. This prevents the SEM from encrypting a pre-encrypted input program. This allows the SEM to handle clear and pre-encrypted input streams. It also allows the SEM to recognize and process changes to the input stream in cases where an input program changes from pre-encrypted to clear or from clear to pre-encrypted. The Insertion Queue Table window is illustrated in Figure 4-75 and defined in Table 4-60. Figure 4-75 Insertion Queue Table window

205

4 SETUP AND OPERATION Table 4-60 Insertion Queue Table window field definitions

206

Item

Definition

Output Stream

Output ID index (an algorithm is used to convert the ID to an ASI, GigE, or QAM output stream).

Output PID

PID of the message being inserted.

Msg. Type

Message type of the message being inserted.

Prog. No.

Program number of the message being inserted. Program number 0 is for all non-program related messages (those that are inserted on ancillary subqueues).

First Inserted

Time the message is first inserted. This can be used to determine when the message was last updated. For example, PMT messages are updated each time the input PMT changes. The First Inserted time can be used to determine when the PMT message was last updated.

SubQ ID

Index of the subqueue. The subqueue ID is used internally by the SEM. Each output PID is associated with 1 subqueue.

Slot

Slot number (relative 1). This is the internal SEM slot number of the subqueue. Each output message is associated with 1 slot.

Start Time

Start time of the message. This is the time that the message is inserted into the output transport stream.

Stop Time

Stop time of the message. This is the time that the message is removed from the output transport stream.

Seq. N0.

The LOAD SEM sequence number of the command responsible for the insert.

4 SETUP AND OPERATION

Status — SEM PSI Table The following table contains a list of messages that are either being extracted from the SEM inputs or being inserted into the SEM outputs. All messages extracted from SEM inputs that are being used by the SEM are displayed. For the SEM outputs, only PATs, PMTs, PITs and CATs are displayed. These messages were given to the SEM when it is in external mode or created by the SEM when it is in internal mode. The SEM PSI Table window is illustrated in Figure 4-76 and defined in Table 4-61. Figure 4-76 SEM PSI Table window

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4 SETUP AND OPERATION Table 4-61 SEM PSI Table window field definitions Item

Definition

Type

Indicates whether this message comes from an SEM input or output, or if the source is unknown.

Interface

Indicates the input or output interface port ID for which this message applies.

PID

Indicates the PID that contains this message.

Msg. Type

Indicates the MPEG message type (in hexadecimal format). Typical message types are: 00 — PAT 02 — PMT C0 — PIT

208

Program No.

When the message is related to a program, it indicates the program number. This value is zero if the message is not related specifically to a program.

Segment

Indicates the segment number of this message, which is useful for PAT messages.

Part

The 1024 bytes of a message can be divided into parts, which are indexed with this field.

Message

Raw data stream of the message.

PSI Info

This window shows a detailed breakdown of all PSI messages.

4 SETUP AND OPERATION

Status — Hardware Error Log This window provides a table of hardware errors that have occurred. A maximum of 500 can be recorded. The Hardware Error Log window is illustrated in Figure 4-77 and defined in Table 4-62. Figure 4-77 Hardware Error Log window

Table 4-62 Hardware Error Log window field definitions

209

Item

Definition

Index

Index of hardware error table entry.

Time Logged

System up time when the error was logged. Zero indicates the error occurred at startup.

Error Code

Indicates the code of the message described in the Description field.

Error Data

Applicable to errors that are issued for multiple inputs, outputs, output transport streams, etc. It is used to indicate the input port, output port, or output transport stream to which the error applies. Zero indicates the error does not use this parameter, the SEM cannot determine the port or stream number for the error, or the SEM is not supporting this parameter for the error.

Description

Text description of the error.

4 SETUP AND OPERATION

Status — Invalid Init Data Errors This window provides a table of invalid initialization data errors. A maximum of 100 errors can be recorded. The Invalid Init Data Errors window is illustrated in Figure 4-78 and defined in Table 4-63. Figure 4-78 Invalid Initialization Data Errors window

Table 4-63 Invalid Initialization Data Errors window field definitions

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Item

Definition

Index

Index to invalid initialization data table entry.

MIB Name

Text string of the MIB variable name of the data item or table.

Item Number

Indicates to which table leaf the error pertains when the data item is part of a table.

First Index

Indicates the index value of the first index when the data item is part of a table.

Second Index

Indicates the index value of the second index when the data item is part of a table with two indices.

4 SETUP AND OPERATION

Status — SEM Version and MCNs The SEM Version and MCN windows provide version information for the software, main board, ACP module board, and QAM-upconverter board. The SEM Version and MCN window is illustrated in Figure 4-79 and the defined in Table 4-64. Figure 4-79 Version and MCN Window

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4 SETUP AND OPERATION Table 4-64 SEM Version and MCNs window field definitions Item

Definition Software

Host Build Date

The date that all of the software was linked into executable object code.

Host Application Version

Host processor application creation date.

Host Boot Code Version

Host processor boot code version.

GigE Application Version

SEM Gigabit Ethernet processor application code version.

GigE Boot Code Version

SEM Gigabit Ethernet processor boot code version.

SEM MIB Version

SEM Management Information Base version.

SEM Serial Number

SEM Serial Number Main Board

MUX FPGA Version

SEM MUX FPGA version.

Main Board Version

SEM main board version.

Main Board Type

SEM 1000, v4, and v8 use Type 1; SEM v12 uses Type 2. ACP Board

ACP FPGA Version

Identifies the field-programmable gate array (FPGA) version of the installed ACP module.

ACP Board Version

Displayed as an xx.yy string, whereby xx indicates the PWB version and yy indicates the BOM version.

ACP Board Type

A numeric code indicating the board type of the ACP module. QAM and Upconverter

QAM Board MCN

QAM board Module Configuration Number (used to identify the type of module installed).

QAM Board Version

QAM board version.

QAM Board Firmware Version

QAM board firmware version.

Upconverter MCN

MCN of the upconverter.

Upconverter Board Version

Upconverter module version.

Upconverter PLD Version

Upconverter module PLD version.

Reprogram ACP FPGA

Clicking this button invokes the warning pop-up illustrated in Figure 4-80. The ACP FPGA is automatically reprogrammed by the SEM when a new version of code is loaded onto the SEM and the new

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4 SETUP AND OPERATION Item

Definition SEM version contains a new ACP FPGA file image. However, certain versions of SEM code may support one or more versions of ACP FPGA images. This feature, therefore, allows a user to force the SEM to upgrade to a newer version of ACP FPGA code. Under normal operating conditions, it should not be necessary to upgrade the ACP FPGA manually. Reprogramming the ACP FPGA should only be done when recommended by Motorola. The reprogramming of the ACP FPGA takes approximately 20 minutes. During this time, the SEM will automatically reboot itself multiple times. Caution should be taken during this procedure to ensure that the SEM is not powered off.

Figure 4-80 ACP FPGA reprogramming warning pop-up

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4 SETUP AND OPERATION

Host Packets Statistics — Packet Insertion Statistics This window shows the average number of packets inserted per second, the insertion rate, and the total number of packets inserted for a specified time interval (for example, 5 seconds) for each interface output port by service number (1-16). The Packet Insertion Statistics window is illustrated in Figure 4-81 and defined in Table 4-65. Figure 4-81 Host Packets Statistics — Packet Insertion Statistics window

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4 SETUP AND OPERATION Table 4-65 Host Packets Statistics — Packet Insertion Statistics window field definitions Item

Definition

Output Interface

Read only. It shows the output interface by port.

Output Stream Status

Summary of the possible alarms associated with an output stream, such as: • • • • •

Output Stream Overflow Output Stream Threshold Output Stream Host IP Overflow QAM Fault Upconverter Fault

The highest current fault is indicated by each LED. The alarm indications are as follows: • • • • • •

Green — no alarm. Gray — cause of alarm is indeterminate. Yellow — warning. Blue — minor. Magenta — major. Red — critical.

If an LED alarm indication is active, display the Alarm and Events window to determine which of the above output transport stream alarms is the cause.

215

Number Packets Per Second

Average number of packets inserted per second during the last monitoring.

Insertion Rate (Kbps)

Insertion rates of the MPEG interface output ports during the last monitoring.

Total Number Packets Inserted

Total number of packets inserted by the MPEG interface output ports.

4 SETUP AND OPERATION

Host Packets Statistics — Host IP Packet Statistics The aggregate amount of allowable Host IP insertion bandwidth for all interfaces and IP ENET1-2 is 10 Mbps. For each output transport stream, the insertion rate of Host IP data is from 0-2750 Kbps, which can be configured in the Maximum Insertion Rate column of this window. A running total of remaining bandwidth that is still not used is displayed at the bottom of the window. The Host IP Packet Statistics window is illustrated in Figure 4-82 and defined in Table 4-66. Figure 4-82 Host Packets Statistics — Host IP Packet Statistics

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4 SETUP AND OPERATION Table 4-66 Host IP Packet Statistics window field definitions Item

Definition

Output Interface

Read only. Shows the output interface by port.

Host IP Packet Status

This LED is red if the packets discarded per second is not zero. When green, it indicates the packets discarded per second is zero.

*Maximum Insertion Rate (Kbps)

This is the only configurable column in the window. It is used to set the maximum insertion rate of each output interface. Each output interface insertion rate can be from 0– 2750 Kbps, with the total of all insertion rates not to exceed 10,000 Kbps. The SEM must be rebooted for this change to take affect.

Packets Inserted Per Second (5 second average)

Average number of packets inserted per second during the last monitoring period (5 seconds).

Insertion Rate (Kbps)

Insertion rates of the MPEG interface output ports. Rate = Packets x 1504 / 1000.0

Total Number of Packets Inserted

Total number of packets inserted by the MPEG interface output ports.

Remaining Total Bandwidth

The running total of remaining unused bandwidth from the total available bandwidth of 10,000 Kbps.

*Reboot required.

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4 SETUP AND OPERATION

Host Packets Statistics — Host IP Input Statistics This window shows ENET1-2: the average number of packets received per second, the reception rate, and the total number of packets received for each IP interface ENET1-2. It also shows the number of packets discarded per second, the discarded data rate, and the total number of packets discarded for each IP interface. The information displayed is sampled at a specified time interval (for example, 5 seconds). The Host Packets Statistics — Host IP Input Statistics window is illustrated in Figure 4-83 and defined in Table 4-67. Figure 4-83 Host Packets Statistics — Host IP Input Statistics window

218

4 SETUP AND OPERATION Table 4-67 Host Packets Statistics — Host IP Input Statistics window field definitions

219

Item

Definition

Input Interface

ENET1 or ENET2.

MPEG Packets Received Per Second

Average number of MPEG packets received per second during the last monitoring.

Received Data Rate (Kbps)

Reception rates of ENET1-2.

Total Number Received MPEG Packets

Total number of MPEG packets received by ENET1-2.

MPEG Packets Discarded Per Second

The average number of packets discarded during the last monitoring period (for example, 5 seconds) on this IP interface. Packets are discarded when there is not enough buffer space due to buffer overflow or incorrect configuration.

Discarded Data Rate (Kbps)

Discarded rates of ENET1-2.

Total Number Discarded MPEG Packets

Total number of packets discarded that came in on this IP interface.

4 SETUP AND OPERATION

GigE Packet Statistics — GigE Output Packet Statistics The GigE Output Packet Statistics window provides information on the amount of data received through GigE input and routed to specific output streams. The data rates shown are based on the amount of non-null MPEG packets received by the GigE and routed to an output stream. This number does not include PSI insertion (PATs, PMTs, ECMs, etc.). This screen is useful to determine the amount of MPEG data received by the GigE and routed to each output transport stream. The GigE Packet Counter Statistics window is illustrated in Figure 4-84 and defined in Table 4-68. Figure 4-84 GigE Output Packet Statistics window

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4 SETUP AND OPERATION Table 4-68 GigE Output Packet Statistics window field definitions Item

Definition

Output Interface

Read only. It shows the output interface by transport stream number, type, and port.

Output Stream Status

Summary of the possible alarms associated with an output stream, such as: • • • • •

Output Stream Overflow Output Stream Threshold Output Stream Host IP Overflow QAM Fault Upconverter Fault

The highest current fault is indicated by each LED. The alarm indications are as follows: • • • • • •

Green — no alarm. Gray — cause of alarm is indeterminate. Yellow — warning. Blue — minor. Magenta — major. Red — critical.

If an LED alarm indication is active, display the Alarm and Events window to determine which of the above output transport stream alarms is the cause.

221

Number Packets Per Second (5 Sec Avg)

Number of GigE MPEG packets routed from GigE input to an output stream in the last second. Average is taken over the last 5 seconds.

Data Rate (Mbps)(5 sec Avg)

Data rate of GigE MPEG packets routed from GigE input to an output stream.

Total Number GigE MPEG Packets

Total number of GigE MPEG packets routed from GigE input to an output stream.

4 SETUP AND OPERATION

GigE Packet Statistics — GigE Frame Counter Statistics The GigE Frame Counter Statistics window provides five second interval and total frame counter statistics. The GigE Frame Counter Statistics window is illustrated in Figure 4-85 and defined in Table 4-69. Figure 4-85 GigE Frame Counter Statistics window

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4 SETUP AND OPERATION Table 4-69 GigE Frame Counter Statistics window field definitions Item

Definition

Current Number Of Opened UDP Boards

The number of UDP ports currently opened.

Singlecast Frame Received

Last 5 Secs — number of singlecast frames received during the last status checking interval, which is five seconds. Total — total number of singlecast frames received since last reset.

Multicast Frames Received

Last 5 Secs — number of multicast frames received during the last status checking interval, which is five seconds. Total — total number of multicast frames received since last reset.

Broadcast Frames Received

Last 5 Secs — number of broadcast frames received during the last status checking interval, which is five seconds. Total — total number of broadcast frames received since last reset.

Error Frames Received

Last 5 Secs — number of error frames received during the last status checking interval, which is five seconds. Total — total number of error frames received since last reset.

Total Frames Received

Last 5 Secs — number of frames received during the last status checking interval, which is five seconds. Total — total number of frames received since last reset.

Received Data Rate (Mbps)

Received date rate in Mbps during the last status checking interval, which is five seconds.

Good Frames Transmitted

Last 5 Secs — number of good frames transmitted during the last status checking interval, which is five seconds. Total — total number of good frames transmitted since last reset.

Error Frames Transmitted

Last 5 Secs — number of error frames transmitted during the last status checking interval, which is five seconds. Total — total number of error frames transmitted since last reset.

Total Frames Transmitted

Last 5 Secs — number of frames transmitted during the last status checking interval, which is five seconds. Total — total number of frames transmitted since last reset.

Transmitted Data Rate (Mbps)

223

Transmitted date rate in Mbps during the last status checking interval, which is five seconds.

4 SETUP AND OPERATION

GigE Packet Statistics — GigE Frame Buffer Status The GigE Frame Buffer Status window shows information on the current GigE frame level and input data rates. The window also logs the maximum values from the last twenty-four hours. The SEM uses the GigE frame buffer to hold frames while its dejittering algorithm performs time based recovery. This algorithm attempts to correct the timing errors on the incoming MPEG streams, principally caused by the following factors: •

PCR (program clock reference) jitter

•

Clock skew (the relative difference in clock accuracy of devices in the processing chain that either creates or alters the PCRs)

•

Network jitter

The dejittering algorithm will attempt to determine the intended rate of the incoming transport stream. The GigE then will dejitter this stream and make the necessary PCR corrections in the stream before it is transmitted as an output stream. The dejittering algorithm uses incoming PCRs as a variable in the calculation of the intended incoming stream rate. If incoming PCRs are incorrect, the dejittering algorithm will calculate the wrong stream rate, and the associated frames will be taken out of the buffer at the wrong rate. The frame buffer status window allows a user to view the overall GigE frame level and total input data rate. A frame buffer level is maintained for each UDP port opened, however only the highest frame buffer level is displayed. The frame buffer status is displayed in milliseconds. This is the amount of time that a buffer will hold onto a received GigE frame. The maximum level is the time in milliseconds that if exceeded, will cause the GigE buffers to overflow. The frame buffer is adjustable by the user based on the jitter absorption setting and the input data rate setting. These two settings allow the SEM to define an initial buffer level. The initial buffer level is designed to prevent under runs as well as be low enough to prevent frame buffer overflows The default configuration settings have been carefully selected to prevent both under runs and overflows of the GigE frame buffers. It is highly recommended that these settings not be changed.

224

4 SETUP AND OPERATION

The GigE Frame Buffer Status window is illustrated in Figure 4-86 and defined in Table 4-70. Figure 4-86 GigE Frame Buffer Status Window

225

4 SETUP AND OPERATION Table 4-70 GigE Frame Buffer Status Table Item

Description

Index

Each index represents one hour. The current hour is stored at index 1. New hours are inserted at the top of the table and all previous hours move down one row.

Interface: UDP Port

The GigE interface and UDP port that experienced the highest buffer level for the hour.

Max Level (ms)

The maximum GigE frame buffer level (in milliseconds) recorded for the hour.

Max Fullness

The maximum GigE frame buffer level (as a percentage of Buffer Overflow Level) recorded for the hour.

Max Full GPS Time

The GPS time when this table entry was last updated.

Overflows

The number of GigE frame buffer overflows recorded for the hour. The count of overflows is calculated based on the actual input data rate and the configured buffer level. It is assumed that if the input data rate exceeds the calculated buffer level, then the input has overflowed one or more GigE buffers. The SEM is designed to reset a GigE frame buffer prior to overflowing. The maximum input data rate and jitter absorption settings are used to calculate the size of the GigE frame buffers. If an overflow occurs prior to a reset, then the SEM has been incorrectly configured (input data rate and jitter absorption setting are incorrect). In addition, it indicates that the SEM is most likely receiving more input data than the maximum recommended rate (1.24Gbps).

Resets

The number of frame buffer resets reported by the GigE processor for the hour. A reset of a buffer indicates that a number of GigE frames have been dropped (tiling or glitching will most likely be seen). The tiling or glitching should only be momentary, as it will take some time before the GigE buffers could become full enough to reset. Resets of the GigE frame buffers are not normal and indicate the SEM is incorrectly configured and/or the input data rate exceeds the maximum recommended rate. Additionally, erratic or incorrect PCR values may also cause resets (due to forcing the SEM to increase the buffer level based on the incorrect PCR values).

226

Buffer Overflow Level (ms)

The point at which the GigE frame buffer will overflow (in milliseconds). This value is based on the number of received frames per second for all interfaces.

Current Buffer Level (ms)

Current highest GigE frame buffer level (in milliseconds).

Current Buffer Level Fullness (%)

Current highest GigE frame buffer level as a percentage of Buffer Overflow Level.

Frame Buffer Alarm Threshold (%)

User defined threshold representing a percentage of Buffer Overflow level. If this threshold is exceeded, a Gigabit Ethernet Frame Buffer Fullness alarm will be issued.

Actual Input Data

Gigabit Ethernet MPEG input data rate in Mbps. This is the total

4 SETUP AND OPERATION Item

Description

Rate (Mbps)

amount of MPEG data currently being received by all Gigabit Ethernet interfaces.

Maximum Input Data Rate (Mbps)

Maximum Gigabit Ethernet MPEG input data rate in Mbps. This is the total amount of MPEG data expected to be received by all Gigabit Ethernet interfaces. This data rate is used to determine the Reset Buffer Level Limit. The Maximum Input Data Rate should always be set equal to or greater than the Actual Input Data Rate. The Jitter Absorption setting can limit the valid range of this data rate. It is highly recommended that this setting not be changed (even if the actual input data rate is expected to be lower than the default setting). The default setting of 1.24Gbps is the maximum recommended data rate for all GigE inputs. Exceeding this rate may cause the GigE frame buffers to overflow or reset, resulting in dropped packets (glitching/tiling).

Reset Buffer Level Limit (ms)

The level at which the GigE frame buffer will be reset (in milliseconds). This value is based on the Maximum Input Data Rate. The SEM calculates this level using the input data rate and the total number of GigE frame buffers. This limit is calculated to force a reset to prevent a GigE frame buffer overflow. A reset of the GigE frame buffers will result in a momentary glitch, however this is preferred instead of a buffer overflow. An overflow will cause glitching until the level drops or the buffer is reset. In normal operation, it is expected that this level will never be reached or exceeded. Exceeding this level indicates that the SEM is either incorrectly configured (incorrect jitter absorption and/or input data rate) and/or the input to the SEM exceeds the maximum recommended data rate.

Frame Buffer Fullness Alarm

Major — Current Buffer Level Fullness has exceeded Frame Buffer Alarm Threshold. Critical — Current Buffer Level has exceeded Buffer Overflow Level.

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4 SETUP AND OPERATION

GigE Routing Table Status Clicking the Routing Status button on the SEM Input/Output Configuration— Gigabit Ethernet window causes the GigE Routing Table Status window to be displayed. This status window shows the status of all SEM GigE routes, including static routes. The GigE Routing Table Status window is illustrated in Figure 4-87 and defined in Table 4-71. Figure 4-87 GigE Routing Table Status window

228

4 SETUP AND OPERATION Table 4-71 GigE Routing Table Status window field definitions Item

Definition

Network IP

The GigE Ethernet routing destination network IP address.

Subnet Mask

When masking is employed, it indicates the network address and host ID portion of the IP address.

Gateway IP

The GigE Ethernet routing destination gateway IP address.

GigE Port

Indicates GigE1 or GigE2, as applicable to the route.

Routing Flags

Routing Flags are: • • • • •

229

Not Applicable Network Route Host Route Default Route Interface Route

4 SETUP AND OPERATION

GigE ARP Table Status Clicking the ARP Status button on the SEM Input/Output Configuration–Gigabit Ethernet window causes the GigE ARP Table Status window to display. This window shows the ARP Flags status of device ARPs entered on the GigE Static ARP Table Configuration window. The GigE ARP Table Status window is illustrated in Figure 4-88 and defined in Table 4-72. Figure 4-88 GigE ARP Table Status window

230

4 SETUP AND OPERATION Table 4-72 GigE ARP Table Status window field definitions Item

Definition

ARP Cache Entry Timeout

The minimum value is one second. If within the specified period, no ARP reply is received, the ARP table entry expires and is removed from the table. This does not apply to entries in the GigE ARP Table Configuration window, which are static. Dynamic ARP entries associated with output transport streams will not expire unless explicitly allowed by setting Enable Output TS ARP Entry Timeout. This value must be greater than the ARP Retry Interval. This parameter takes immediate effect; however, it must be applied to persist through subsequent reboots.

ARP Retry Interval

Dynamic ARP Entry Retry Interval in seconds. The minimum value is one second. The SEM sends an ARP request and retries twice at 500 millisecond intervals if a response is not received. After these two retries, the SEM will retry at the user-configured interval. Once written, the change to this parameter takes immediate effect. However, for the change to persist through subsequent reboots or power cycles, the change must be applied.

Enable Output TS ARP Entry Timeout

Enabling (check mark) allows Dynamic ARP entries associated with output transport streams to be treated like other dynamic ARPs and expire based on ARP timeout configuration settings.

IP Address

IP address of GigE target device on network.

MAC Address

MAC address of GigE target device on network.

GigE Port

Indicates GigE-1, GigE-2, or GigE-3.

ARP Flags

ARP flags are:

Flush

• Not Applicable • ARPing • ARP Done • ARP Static Clicking Flush removes all Dynamic ARP entries from the table. Static entries are not removed. Static ARP entries configured in GigE Static ARP Table must be explicitly removed by zeroing the applicable fields and clicking Apply. The time to complete the flush can take many seconds, as determined by the SEM processor load.

Update

231

The table is updated approximately every 60 seconds. When Update is clicked, the SEM immediately updates the table and resets the timer. The time to complete the update can take many seconds, as determined by the SEM processor load.

4 SETUP AND OPERATION

GigE Loop Through Terminator Status Clicking the GigE LT Terminator Status button on the SEM Input/Output Configuration — Gigabit Ethernet window causes the Gigabit Ethernet Multicast Configuration window to display. This window contains the MAC addresses of each SEM configured in a daisy chain. It is applicable only to the Loop Through terminator, which is the last SEM in a daisy chain. The GigE Loop Through Terminator Status window is illustrated in Figure 4-89 and defined in Table 4-73. Figure 4-89 GigE Loop Through Terminator Status window

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4 SETUP AND OPERATION Table 4-73 GigE Loop Through Terminator Status window field definitions Item

Definition

Index

Identifies the window line item. Sixteen GigE-1 – GigE-2 loop through pairs can be listed in the window.

MAC Address

The MAC address of each GigE-1 and GigE-2 in the loop through pair.

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4 SETUP AND OPERATION

ISA SDV Sessions Figure 4-90 ISA SDV Sessions Window

Table 4-74 ISA SDV Sessions window field definitions

234

Item

Definition

GigE Port

The Gigabit Ethernet physical port on which packets are being received.

UDP

The Gigabit Ethernet Input UDP Port (range is 0 to 65535).

Multicast IP

The Gigabit Ethernet Receive Multicast IP Address.

Source IP

The Gigabit Ethernet IGMP v3 Source IP Address. This is the source IP when IGMP v3 is supported.

In Pgm

The Gigabit Ethernet Input Program Number. A value of zero (0) indicates that the input is an SPTS and the first program listed in the input PAT will be mapped by the SEM.

Out Pgm

The Output Program Number (1 - 65535).

TS:QAM

The Output Transport Stream number (1-16) and Output QAM Port (1-8 v8, 1-12 v12).

BW(Mbps)

The Expected Program Bandwidth (bps). This is the bandwidth of the program as defined in the service mapping. A value of 0 indicates that the program BW is unknown.

Type

The Type of session (SDV or VOD/BC).

Manager IP

The IP address of the SDV, VOD, or Broadcast manager sending session commands.

4 SETUP AND OPERATION Item

Definition

Session ID

Session IDs are stored as 3 4-byte words. Session ID is broken up as follows: Word 1: 00:01 = 0x0000 (unused) Word 1: 02:03 = 1st 2 bytes of session ID (1st 2 bytes of MAC address) Word 2: 00:03 = Next 4 bytes (these 4 plus 1st 2 are the MAC address of manager) Word 3: 00:03 = Last 4 bytes (unique number assigned by manager)

235

ISA SDV GigE Port

Indicates which Gigabit Ethernet Interface port to use for ISA SDV mappings.

Data Carousel Program Number

Indicates which Input Program Number to use for the Data Carousel.

4 SETUP AND OPERATION

ISA SDV GigE UDP Status Figure 4-91 ISA SDV GigE UDP Status Window

Table 4-75 ISA SDV GigE UDP Status Window field definitions

236

Item

Definition

GigE Interface

The Gigabit Ethernet physical port on which packets are being received.

UDP Port

The Gigabit Ethernet Input UDP Port (range is 0 to 65535).

Multicast IP

The Gigabit Ethernet Receive Multicast IP Address.

Source IP

The Gigabit Ethernet IGMP v3 Source IP Address. This is the source IP when IGMP v3 is supported.

Current

The current data rate in Mbps over the sampling period.

Average

The average data rate in Mbps over the sampling period.

Minimum

The minimum data rate in Mbps over the sampling period.

Peak

The peak data rate in Mbps over the sampling period.

High Bit Rate Alarm Status

This alarm is used to inform the user when one or more Gigabit Ethernet Input Streams have a high bit rate condition.

4 SETUP AND OPERATION

ISA SDV QAM Figure 4-92 ISA SDV QAM Window

Table 4-76 ISA SDV QAM Window field definitions

237

Item

Definition

Transport Stream Index

The Output Transport Stream Number of the QAM Port.

QAM Port

QAM Port assigned to this Output Transport Stream.

Number VOD/BC Sessions

The Number of VOD/Broadcast sessions on this QAM Port. This is the number of VOD/Broadcast sessions active on a QAM Port. Since VOD and Broadcast sessions are not required to be reserved for an output, this is the count of active VOD and Broadcast sessions on a specific QAM.

Number Reserved

The Number of reserved SDV sessions on this QAM Port. This is the number of SDV sessions that have been reserved by the manager. Each SDV session requires that a manager reserve a QAM. This is the count of SDV sessions reserved (not the actual number of active SDV sessions).

QAM BW Reserved (Mbps)

The Group BW for SDV sessions (not used for VOD/Broadcast sessions). This is the total amount of BW allocated for all SDV sessions on a Port. The total SDV BW for a port is defined by the session manager. The manager reserves this BW for future SDV sessions. This is not the BW of current active SDV

4 SETUP AND OPERATION Item

Definition sessions, but the total BW reserved by the manager for SDV sessions.

Status — Save Entire SEM Status Saves all of the status to a status.txt file, which is located in the same directory as the semem.jar file. The Save SEM Status window is illustrated in Figure 4-93. Figure 4-93 Save SEM Status window

238

5 SEM VERIFICATION The following is a simple and quick verification procedure to determine if the SEM is operating properly. Verification requires using the SEM-EM. 1. Verify the correct version of the SEM is loaded from the Status > SEM Version and MCNs window. 2. Verify all alarms are green. Select Status > Alarms and Events. •

For critical alarms (red), select Status > Hardware Error Log to show more detail. If the alarm is due to input failure, verify Input Active Status as described below.

•

For major alarms (magenta), this is usually a service error and is only applicable when configured through an external controller.

•

For all other alarms, verify the alarm type. If Invalid Init Data alarm, use the Status > Invalid Init Data Errors window to show more detail. These errors indicate the SEM was not configured properly. Other alarms may indicate an output overflow condition.

3. Verify all enabled ASI inputs have green LED indicators from the Configuration > SEM Input/Output Configuration > ASI Ports tab. 4. Verify all enabled ASI outputs have yellow LED indicators (may look orange depending on PC) from the Configuration > SEM Input/Output Configuration > ASI Ports tab. 5. Verify GigE status from the Configuration > SEM Input/Output Configuration > Gigabit Ethernet tab. Ensure all enabled GigE inputs have green LED indicators. GigE LEDs on the front panel should be flashing green to indicate link status is good. Fast flashing green indicates SEM is receiving data. 6. From the Configuration > SEM Input/Output Configuration > Gigabit Ethernet tab, verify GigE network configuration. Ensure the GigE IP Address, Subnet Mask, and all other configuration parameters are correctly set. 7. Verify output program status from the Status > Output Program Status window. Ensure all mapped programs are displayed and showing Successful Remultiplexing. All GigE inputs will list the input UDP port (verify port is correct and corresponds to expected configuration). This status window is not updated real time. If the program is successfully mapped, then the input is removed; however, the window will still indicate a “Successful — Remapping Program” to show that at one point, the input program was remapped. 8. Verify the output data rate from the Status > Output Transport Utilization window. Ensure that for each output, the data rate is as expected. Transport stream monitoring can be enabled or disabled for any output transport stream without having to reboot the SEM. It is highly recommended that all output transport streams have monitoring enabled. 239

5 SEM VERIFICATION

9. Verify GigE packet statistics from the Status > GigE Packet Counter Statistics window. Ensure that GigE packet counter statistics show the expected packet counts. Also, ensure the number of opened UDP ports shown is correct. 10. Verify QAM status from the Configuration > QAM Configuration and UpConverter window. For QAM outputs, verify Modulator Status is Normal. Verify Mute selection is Un-muted for each QAM output in use. 11. As applicable, verify Manual Routing, ASI Demultiplexing, UDP Port Mapping, or 8 Channel UDP Port Mapping configuration settings. The four windows are: •

VOD Control > Manual Routing window

•

VOD Control > ASI Demultiplexing window

•

VOD Control > UDP Mapping window

•

VOD Control > 8 Channel UDP Mapping window

When the SEM is configured for one of the above modes, verify as applicable, the following configuration settings: •

If input is pre-encrypted, that the Input Program Pre-Encrypted check box is checked.

•

The Starting Program Number (starting program number of the output stream).

•

The Number Programs.

•

That the GigE interface configuration is correct (correct GigE interface port is selected).

The Save Entire SEM Status does a complete MIB walk. A text file is created containing all SEM configuration and status items. This file can then be used by Motorola personnel to further diagnose any SEM problems.

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6 TROUBLESHOOTING This section provides information to isolate and resolve possible error conditions common to all SEM devices. In addition, it provides maintenance recommendations if a fault indicator LED lights or if unit fails to power up. If the error does not preclude activating the SEM-EM, perform the procedural checks provided in Section 5, “SEM Verification” before implementing the corrective actions provided in this section. If you need assistance, contact the Motorola Technical Response Center (TRC): •

Inside the U.S.A.: 1-888-944-HELP (1-888-944-4357)

•

Outside the U.S.A.: 1-215-323-0044

•

Online: http://businessonline.motorola.com

The TRC is on call 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. In addition, Motorola Online offers a searchable solutions database, technical documentation, and low-priority issue creation and tracking.

SEM LED/Error Indications Table 6-1 contains data for quickly resolving problems you may encounter using the SEM: Table 6-1 SEM LED/Error Conditions

241

LED/Error Condition

Possible Cause or Indication

Corrective Action

Status LED not illuminated

No power or faulty LED.

No power connection - check; faulty power supply - replace.

Status LED solid yellow (warning or minor alarm)

Missing Time Update - SEM did not receive a time update for more than 600 seconds (10 minutes).

Validate time source from external server.

Command Table Empty - the Command Table is empty (there are no commands that are waiting to be started). It is set 60 seconds after the first time update is received and the command table is empty. Not applicable when the SEM is internally controlled.

When externally controlled, specifically in a broadcast environment, the SEM is typically loaded with 24 to 48 hours of future programming. Verify external controller connection to SEM.

Command Table Near Full - the Command Table is near or 100% full. A check of the maximum number of commands relative to available NVRAM storage. The SEM can handle 10000 commands and 23000 blocks (64 bytes per block) of NVRAM storage. Not applicable when the SEM is internally controlled.

When externally controlled, specifically in a broadcast environment, the SEM is typically loaded with 24 to 48 hours of future programming. Do not load more commands to the SEM until existing commands are executed.

6 TROUBLESHOOTING LED/Error Condition

Possible Cause or Indication

Corrective Action

Status LED solid yellow (warning or minor alarm) (cont)

Invalid Initialization Data — invalid initialization data was encountered in the config.ini or mancfg.ini at system startup.

Look at the Invalid Initialization Data Errors table to determine which data is incorrect. Change to a valid configuration.

Output Utilization Fault — the data rate specified for the output transport stream exceeded the limit.

Reduce the amount of services to the output transport stream.

Gige Redundancy Threshold Exceeded — the threshold was exceeded on the in-use GigE port. Only applicable when the GigE is in redundant mode.

Verify GigE connections and server status.

GigE Redundancy Fail Over Fault — the threshold was exceeded on the in-use GigE port and a fail over to the other GigE port occurred. Only applicable when the GigE is in redundant mode.

Verify GigE connections and server status.

Zero System Time — SEM did not receive a time update since the last reboot. It is set 70 seconds after the SEM is rebooted if the SEM did not receive an update within that time interval.

Verify time source is active and supplying time to the SEM.

Service In Error — Indicates a service command is currently in error (unable to fully continue processing). The alarm is set after one or more service commands is in error for more than 60 seconds. Not applicable when the SEM is internally controlled.

Verify input connections and service is present and content is supported by SEM.

Waiting for Extracted Message — one or more commands are waiting more than 60 seconds for an extracted message (PAT, PMT). This alarm is cleared after all commands waiting for extracted messages received all of the messages.

Verify input connections and service is present.

Service Not Authorized — one or more services that are supposed to be fully encrypted are not authorized. Authorized status is based on the status reports from the ACP (full encryption only).

Typically occurs when the SEM did not receive the entire proper encryption message (for example, PRK message) required to encrypt the program. Verify command state and external controller connection to SEM.

Physical Input Failure — one or more physical interfaces that are configured as enabled to receive input have a failure.

Physical input interfaces can be disabled to prevent this alarm when no input is connected.

Temperature Fault — temperature of the SEM exceeded the maximum allowed for three or more consecutive reads.

Check that the front air inlets are not blocked. Check that the fan outlets are not blocked. Check that the rack ambient temperature is within specifications.

Status LED solid Red (major or critical alarm)

242

6 TROUBLESHOOTING LED/Error Condition

Possible Cause or Indication

Corrective Action Check fan operation. If failure is noted, replace fan (see Appendix D, “Fan Field Replacement Procedure”).

Status LED solid Red (major or critical alarm) (cont)

Fan Fault — one or more fans dropped below the allowed RPM level.

Check fans; see Appendix D, “Fan Field Replacement Procedure” to replace failing fan.

Loss of input — loss of the SPTS or MPTS that are configured for the current window of time.

Inspect and secure the connectors to the input ports.

Hardware Failure - host processor detected a problem with the ACP module, QAM module, or GigE processor.

Replace SEM.

Output buffer overflow — the aggregate information rate of the input services/PID streams being routed to the output transport stream exceeds the configured output information rate.

Reduce the input rate of the SEM by removing one or more programs or increase the alarm threshold.

Load_SEM Command Failure - unable to process received Load SEM commands because they are invalid/unknown, or the command queues are full/empty.

Verify external controller connection to SEM.

Program Queue containing Load SEM commands has less than the Threshold number of commands.

When externally controlled, specifically in a broadcast environment, the SEM is typically loaded with 24 to 48 hours of future programming. Verify external controller connection to SEM.

Simulcrypt Communication — An ECMG has failed to communicate ECM messages to the SEM for longer than the configured ECMG Response Timeout period. Only applicable when the SEM is configured for "Simulcrypt 1" Operating Mode.

Consult Simulcrypt Configuration screen and verify ECMG connection status. If ECMG is not currently connected, verify external ECMG connections and ECMG operational status.

GigE1-3 LEDs solid red

Faulty or failed optical interface.

Replace optical interface module.

ENET1-2 LEDS

Collision detected (if in half-duplex mode, 10/100Base-T only). LED activates for 100 msec after detection of collision. During high collisions LED alternates green-yellow.

Duplicate IP addresses may be on network.

SEM powers up but fails to initialize

BOOTP/TFTP configuration.

Check the BOOTP configuration and all file paths and names on the server. Reload memory from the BOOTP server.

BOOTP unsuccessful

BOOTP reply not received.

alternating green-yellow

243

Flash memory corrupted.

Verify that the MAC address is correct. Verify Ethernet connectivity.

APPENDIX A — SPECIFICATIONS Physical Dimensions Dimensions* Overall depth from front panel to end of fan studs Depth from mounting ears to end of fan studs Depth from mounting ears to rear panel Width Height

18.2 inches (47 cm)

17.3 inches (44 cm) 16 inches (41 cm) 17 inches (44 cm) 1.75 inches (45 mm)

Approximate Weight

12 lbs (5.44 Kgs)

Mounting

Rack mount

*Required rack depth is 18.5 inches (47 cm). Depth from SEM mounting ears to end of fan studs is 17.3 inches (44 cm), which provides 1.2 inches (3 cm) air-flow space. Cable radius space is 2.5 inches (6 cm), as the cables connect to the rear panel, which is 16 inches (41 cm) from the mounting ears.

Electrical Specifications for AC Input Voltage, AC

100 through 240 Vac

Line frequency, AC

50 through 60 Hz

Power (@ 115 VAC) SEM with GbE, ASI, ACP Board Typical Maximum SEM with GbE, ASI, ACP Board, QAM/Upconverter Typical Maximum

245

97 W 121 W

157 W 202 W

APPENDIX A — SPECIFICATIONS

Rear panel alarm contactor Maximum switching voltage Maximum carry current Contact rating

30 V (AC or DC) 0.5 A (AC or DC) 3 W maximum

Electrical Specifications for DC Input Voltage, DC Nominal DC Power (@ −48 Vdc) SEM with GbE, ASI, ACP Board Typical Maximum SEM with GbE, ASI, ACP Board, QAM/Upconverter Typical Maximum Rear panel alarm contactor Maximum switching voltage Maximum carry current Contact rating

−40 through −60 Vdc −48 Vdc

97 W 121 W

157 W 202 W 30 V (AC or DC) 0.5 A (AC or DC) 3 W maximum

Operating Environment

246

Ambient temperature

0 to +40 °C

Operating humidity

5% to 90% Relative Humidity (non-condensing)

Storage temperature

−40 to +70 °C

Cooling

Three fans

Altitude

−200 feet to 10,000 feet

APPENDIX A — SPECIFICATIONS

The SEM is capable of receiving an aggregate input information rate of up to 900 Mbps across all of its inputs and producing an aggregate output information rate of up to 900 Mbps across all of its outputs for an aggregate throughput of 1.8 Gbps.

ASI Interface MPEG input

ASI rear panel BNC connector

ASI impedance

75 Ohms

ASI data rate: Line rate Input data rate Output data rate Input format

270 Mbps Variable: 50 kbps to 213 Mbps Variable: 1 Mbps to 206 Mbps Input packet length of 188 or 204 bytes, auto sensing; supports packet and interleaved or burst mode

Output format

188 mode only, supports interleaved (less than 60 Mbps) or burst (greater than 60 Mbps) mode only

Voltage range

200 mVpp to 880 mVpp (input); 800 mVpp ±10% (output)

OAM&P and IP Data 10/100Base-T Ethernet Interfaces Network data rate

10/100 Mbps maximum

Interface

IEEE 802.3

Impedance

120 Ohms

Cable

Shielded twisted pair

Connector

RJ-45

Application Protocols*

UDP, TCP/IP, ICMP, ARP, IGMP, SNMP, DHCP, BOOTP, TFTP, SNTP, HTTP, Auto negotiation full and half duplex modes

*IP data supports a subset of these protocols.

GigE Interface Wavelengths are: 850 nm, 1310 nm, and 1550 nm.

247

APPENDIX A — SPECIFICATIONS

RF Interface (Optional QAM-UC Module) QAM frequency range

91 MHz to 861 MHz

Carrier frequency step size

1 kHz

Carrier frequency accuracy

± 5 ppm

Channel spacing

6 to 8 MHz

Symbol rate DCII 64 QAM DCII 256 QAM DVB QAM carriers per output Output level adjustment range

+45 dBmV to +58 dBmV dual QAM channels +45 dBmV to +61 dBmV single QAM channel

Output level step size

0.5 dB

Output impedance

75 Ohms

Output return loss

>14 dB

QAM constellations

64 QAM or 256 QAM

QAM FEC encoding modes

ITU-T J.83 Annex A, B, C

MER equalized

>41 dB

Phase noise at 10 kHz (SSB)

< −96 dBc/Hz

DSB phase noise integrated 1 kHz to 10 kHz 10 kHz to 50 kHz 50 kHz to 3 MHz

248

5.056942 Msym/sec 5.360537 Msym/sec 0.8 to 7 Msym/sec Four outputs, each RF output contains two adjacent QAM channels (2x4)

< −35 dBc < −54 dBc < −56 dBc

APPENDIX A — SPECIFICATIONS

The Alpha values for Annex A, B, and C are as follows: FEC Mode

Modulation Mode

Alpha

Typical Ch Spacing

15%

Ch Spacing/ Symbol Rate 1.15

8 MHz

Typical Symbol Rate [5] Reprogram ACP FPGA [6] Show ACP Unit Addresses [7] Reset SEM EM Username and Password [8] Save Changes [9] Reboot Now Enter a selection 0-9:

Select 1

Select 2

Select 3

264

Eth1 IP Parameter Display Configuration Method: IP configuration via Bootp protocol MAC address: 00:0f:9f:2c:00:14 Default IP address: 168.84.247.115 Default Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0 Default Gateway: 168.84.247.1

Enet1 IP Setup (Fixed Config) Menu [0] Return the previous menu [1] Set IP address [2] Set Subnet Mask [3] Set Gateway IP [4] Save Changes [5] Reboot Now Enter a selection 0-5:

Enet1 IP Setup (via boot protocols) Menu [0] Return to previous menu [1] Do not use boot protocols [2] Use DHCP to obtain config [3] Use Bootp to obtain config [4] Use DHCP use Bootp if DHCP fails [5] Save Changes [6] Reboot Now Enter a selection 0-6:

APPENDIX E — RS-232 TEST/CONSOLE PORT Figure E-2 Menu selections 4 through 7

User Console Root Menu [0] Exit user console [1] Show Enet1 Parameters [2] Enet1 IP Setup (Fixed Config) -> [3] Enet1 IP Setup (via boot protocols) -> [4] Destructive Purge -> [5] Reprogram ACP FPGA [6] Show ACP Unit Addresses [7] Reset SEM EM Username and Password [8] Save Changes [9] Reboot Now Enter a selection 0-9:

Select 4

Select 5

Select 6

Select 7

265

Destructive Purge Menu [0] Return to previous menu [1] Erase All Software and Configuration Files [2] Erase Configuration Files [3] Erase Application Software Files [4] Erase All of NVRAM and Reboot (requires password) [5] Erase All Commands Stored in NVRAM and Reboot [6] Reboot Now Enter a selection 0-6:

WARNING: This command will reprogram the ACP FPGA. A reboot is required to reprogram the ACP FPGA. It takes about 15 minutes to reprogram the ACP FPGA. To proceed type “yes” to confirm:

Index Unit-Address (Hex) Unit-Address (Label) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------01 0012ab6538 000-03132-22456-129 02 0012ab6539 000-03132-22457-026 * * * * * * * * * 24 0012ab654f 000-03132-22479-232

This command will immediately reset the username and password. Config File system will be saved to flash memory automatically. Type “yes” to confirm:

APPENDIX E — RS-232 TEST/CONSOLE PORT

User Console Root Menu From the User Console Root Menu, you can access: 1. Show Enet1 Parameters — a quick access display for the SEM MAC address and ENET1 parameters (IP, Subnet Mask, and Gateway addresses). 2. Enet1 IP Setup (Fixed Config) — provides access to the fixed IP configuration Setup Menu. 3. Enet1 IP Setup (via boot protocols) — provides access to the dynamic IP configuration Setup Menu. 4. Destructive Purge — provides access to the destructive purge submenu. Entering this menu is not recommended. It is not necessary for configuration under normal circumstances. It is only provided for extreme circumstances where normal configuration fails due to unrecoverable errors. 5. Reprogram ACP FPGA — provides the ability to force the ACP FPGA to be reprogrammed. 6. Show ACP Unit Addresses — a quick access display for the ACP Unit Addresses. 7. Reset SEM EM Username and Password — provides the ability to reset the current username and password to the factory default values. 8. Save Changes — persists changes from RAM to flash. This allows the changes to take effect on the next reboot. 9. Reboot Now — causes SEM to reboot immediately; changes in RAM not persisted to flash are discarded.

Show Enet1 Parameters Menu (Root.1) Provides immediate display of the SEM MAC address and ENET1 parameters. The actual addresses displayed are network dependent. Eth1 IP Parameter Display Configuration Method: IP configuration via DHCP protocol.

266

Default IP address:

168.84.247.109

Default Subnet Mask:

255.255.0.0

Default Gateway:

168.84.247.1

APPENDIX E — RS-232 TEST/CONSOLE PORT

Enet1 IP Setup (Fixed Config) Menu (Root.2) This menu provides the capability to configure ENET1 with a fixed IP address and configuration. From this menu you can access: 1. Set IP address — specify the IP address for ENET1. 2. Set Subnet Mask — specify the subnet mask for the network to which ENET1 is attached. 3. Set Gateway IP — specify a computer/server that will act as a gateway to other network segments. 4. Save Changes — persists changes from RAM to flash. This allows the changes to take effect on the next reboot. 5. Reboot Now — causes SEM to reboot immediately; changes in RAM not persisted to flash are discarded.

Enet1 IP Setup (via boot protocols) Menu (Root.3) This menu provides the capability to select a boot protocol, which is used to obtain an IP address and configuration at boot time. From this menu you can access: 1. Do not use boot protocols — causes the SEM to use the fixed IP configuration specified in the previous menu. This selection cannot be made if the SEM configuration files or application files have been purged. 2. Use DHCP to obtain config — causes the SEM to send a DHCP request at boot. If a DHCP reply is received, the SEM will use the IP configuration assigned by the DHCP server. 3. Use Bootp to obtain config — causes the SEM to send a BOOTP request at boot. If a BOOTP reply is received, the SEM will use the IP configuration assigned by the BOOTP server. 4. Use DHCP use Bootp if DHCP fails — at boot, the SEM will attempt to obtain a DHCP IP configuration as described above in [2]. If the DHCP request fails the SEM will attempt to obtain an IP configuration using the BOOTP protocol as described above in [3]. 5. Save Changes — persists changes from RAM to flash. This allows the changes to take effect on the next reboot. 6. Reboot Now — causes the SEM to reboot immediately; changes in RAM not persisted to flash are discarded.

267

APPENDIX E — RS-232 TEST/CONSOLE PORT

Destructive Purge Menu (Root.4) This menu should only be used as a last resort preferably under the direction of Motorola BCS technical support. Indiscriminant use of this menu may cause the SEM to become non-operational. The user must manually select the SEM to be rebooted after selecting any of the options below. From this menu you can access: 1. Erase All Software and Configuration Files — destroys flash file system. This includes all configuration files as well as the application software itself. Only the boot ROM firmware is left intact. The boot ROM firmware will rebuild the file system at the next reboot providing there is a BOOTP/DHCP server that will provide the correct configuration and application software files. This selection cannot be made if the boot method was previously set to None. 2. Erase Configuration Files — erases the SEM configuration files, including manual mapping files. This should only be done when a new set of known configuration files are to be loaded onto the SEM. This selection cannot be made if the boot method was previously set to None. 3. Erase Application Software Files — erases all application files. This should only be done when loading the SEM with new firmware. This selection cannot be made if the boot method was previously set to None. 4. Erase All of NVRAM and Reboot — clears the entire contents of the NVRAM. This deletes all stored Load SEM commands (commands from an external controller such as a DAC 6000) and all other internal SEM configuration settings. This menu option is password protected and should only be done by Motorola Field Engineers. This option is only intended to be used as a method to purge NVRAM in the case of inadvertent corruption. It is not intended to be used in any normal SEM operation. The password for erasing is not provided to the customer as this option should only be done by a Motorola FE. 5. Erase All Commands Stored in NVRAM and Reboot — This deletes all stored Load SEM commands (commands from an external controller such as a DAC 6000) and all other internal SEM configuration settings. Erasing commands has no effect on the operation of the SEM when the SEM is internally controlled (any of the VOD operating modes). The SEM will be immediately rebooted after accepting, entering ‘yes’. WARNING! Selection of any of the purge options may render the SEM inoperable. Except for the erasing of NVRAM, a DHCP or BOOTP server must be available to reload the SEM after the configuration files and/or application software files have been erased. WARNING! Selection [5], “Erase All Commands Stored in NVRAM will cause all external controller commands in NVRAM to be erased on the next reboot of the SEM. When externally controlled, the SEM will have to be reloaded with commands before services or PIDs will be remultiplexed.

268

APPENDIX E — RS-232 TEST/CONSOLE PORT

REPROGRAM ACP FPGA MENU (ROOT.5) This menu allows the user to force the ACP FPGA to be reprogrammed. Since the SEM will detect when the ACP FPGA needs to be reprogrammed, selection of this menu option is not necessary. This menu option is meant to allow a Motorola Field Engineer to force the SEM to reload the ACP FPGA from its internally stored flash image. The SEM must be rebooted prior to the ACP FPGA being reprogrammed. Show ACP Unit Addresses Menu (Root.6) This menu displays all of the ACP Unit Addresses of the SEM. Addresses are displayed in hexadecimal and label formats. Reset SEM EM User Name and Password Menu (Root.7) This menu option allows a user to reset the SEM-EM username and password to the factory default values (root, password). This menu is useful in the event a user forgets the username and/or password previously defined for a SEM. The SEM does not need to be rebooted for the username and password to be reset.

Typical Scenarios Two typical scenarios are as follows: Setup for DHCP or BOOTP Client Configuration To use boot protocols like BOOTP or DHCP to automatically obtain the IP configuration at boot-time: 1. Install a BOOTP/DHCP server on your network. Server configuration is beyond the scope of this document. There are many Linux/UNIX/Windows™ solutions available. 2. Add an entry into the BOOTP/DHCP server’s database so that it will respond to your SEM. The servers use the MAC address of the requester to identify them. You can obtain the MAC address of your SEM by selecting the Root.1 menu (or from the label on the bottom of the unit). 3. From the Root menu, select [3] Enter the Enet1 IP Setup (via boot protocols). Select the appropriate protocol for your server. Save the changes, and then reboot the SEM. 4. Verify that the SEM is using the IP configuration from the BOOTP/DHCP server’s database. Fixed IP Configuration If using automatic protocols to manage the IP configurations is not desirable, the SEM can be configured to run using a static configuration as follows: 1. From the Root menu, select [3] Enet1 IP Setup (via boot protocols). 2. From the protocol setup menu, select [1] Do not use boot protocols. 3. Select [0] Return to previous menu to thread back to the Root menu. 4. From the Root menu, select [2] Enet1 IP Setup (Fixed Config). 269

APPENDIX E — RS-232 TEST/CONSOLE PORT

5. Enter the following information items: IP Address, Subnet Mask, and Gateway IP. These are network topology dependent; therefore, in-house IT support may have to provide these values. 6. Select [4] Save Changes. 7. Select [5] Reboot Now.

270

GLOSSARY Abbreviations and Acronyms AC

alternating current

ACP

Access Control Processor

ARP

Address Resolution Protocol

ASI

Asynchronous Serial Interface

BSI

Billing System Interface

BNC

Bayonet, N-type, C-size connector

BOOTP

Bootstrap Protocol

CA

Conditional Access

CAS

Conditional Access System

CAT

conditional access table

CATV

Cable Access Television (originally Community Antenna Television)

CBR

constant bit rate

c/n

carrier–to-noise

CPSI

custom program specific information

CPSIG

custom program specific information generator

CPU

central processing unit

CRC

cyclic redundancy check

CSA

Common Scrambling Algorithm

CW

continuous wave

CWG

Control Word Generator

DAC 6000

Digital Addressable Controller 6000

DANIS

Digital Addressable Network Interface Server

DC

direct current

DCE

data communication equipment

DCT

digital consumer terminal (set-top)

DES

Data Encryption Standard

DHCP

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol

DQPSK

digital quadrature phase shift keying

DHCP

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol

271

GLOSSARY

DHEI

Digital Headend Expansion Interface

DID

downstream insertion device

DLS

download server

DRM

Digital Rights Management

DSM-CC

Digital Storage Media: Command and Control

DTE

data termination equipment

DVB

Digital Video Broadcast

DVi

Digital Versatile interactive (set-top)

DWDM

Dense Wave Division Multiplexing

ECM

Entitlement Control Message

ECMG

Entitlement Control Message Generator

E/I

Encrypt/Insert

EIS

Event Info Scheduler

EM

Element Manager

EMC

Electromagnetic Compatibility

EMM

Entitlement Management Message

EMMG

Entitlement Management Message Generator

EPG

electronic program guide

ESD

electrostatic discharge

FEC

forward error correction

FIR

finite impulse response

FOF

file-of-files

fps

frames per second

GigE

Gigabit Ethernet

GUI

graphic user interface

HCT 1000

Headend Configuration Tool 1000

HDM

Headend Device Manager

HFC

hybrid fiber coaxial

HSTM

High Speed Transport Multiplex

HTTP

Hypertext Transfer Protocol

ICMP

Internet Control Message Protocol

IEEE

Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers

272

GLOSSARY

IF

intermediate frequency

IGMP

Internet Group Management Protocol

INTFC

interface

I/O

Input/output

IP

Internet Protocol

IPPV

Impulse Pay-Per-View

IRD

Integrated Receiver Decoder (Satellite IRD)

ISO

International Standards Organization

ITEM 1000

Integrated Transport Encryption Multiplexer 1000

ITU

International Telecommunications Union

JRE

JAVA® Runtime Environment

LAN

local area network

LED

light-emitting diode

LNB

low noise block

MAC

media access control

MC

MediaCipher

MCAS

MediaCipher Conditional Access System

MIB

management information base

MPE

Multiple-Protocol Encapsulation

MPEG-2

Motion Picture Expert Group–2

MPS

Modular Processing System

MPTS

Multi-Program Transport Stream

MSP

Message Stream Protocol

MUX

multiplex

NDTC

National Data Transmission Center

NEC

National Electric Code

NEMA

National Electrical Manufacturers Association

NTP

Network Time Protocol

NVMEM

non-volatile memory

NVRAM

non-volatile random-access memory

OAM&P

Operation, administration, maintenance, and provisioning (Ethernet port)

OBTM

out-of-band transport multiplex (receiver)

273

GLOSSARY

OM 1000

Out-of-Band Modulator 1000

OOB

out-of-band

OSI

open-system interconnection

PAT

program association table

PC

personal computer

PCM

physical channel map

PCR

program clock reference

PDU

protocol data unit

PID

packet identifier

PLL

phase-locked loop

PMT

program map table

PRKM

Program Rekey Message

PSI

program-specific information

PSIG

Program Specific Information Generator

QAM

quadrature amplitude modulation

QoS

quality of service

QPSK

quadrature phase shift keying

RADD 6000

Remote Addressable DANIS/DLS 6000

REMUX

remultiplexer

RF

radio frequency

RMS (rms)

Root mean square

RPC

remote procedure call

RPD 1000

Return Path Demodulator 1000

RSA

return for service authorization

RM

Resource Manage

RtEM

Real Time Encryption Manager

RTP

Real Time Protocol

RTSP

Real Time Streaming Protocol

RU

rack unit

SCC

service control channel

SCP

Simple connection Protocol

SCR

system configuration requirements

274

GLOSSARY

SCS

Simulcrypt Synchronizer

SCSI

Small Computer System Interface

SEM 1000

SmartStream Encryptor Modulator 1000

SEM-EM

SmartStream Encryptor Modulator Element Manager

SFP

Small Form Factor Pluggable

SI

service information

SNMP

Simple Network Management Protocol

SNTP

Simple Network Time Protocol

SONET

Synchronous Optical Network

SPI

Serial Peripheral Interface

SPTS

Single Program Transport Stream

TAC

TCI Addressable Computer

TCP

Transmission Control Protocol

TCP/IP

Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol

TFTP

Trivial File Transfer Protocol

TMX

Translation Memory eXchange format

TRC

Technical Response Center

TS

transport stream

U/C

up conversion

UDP

User Datagram Protocol

UDP/IP

User Datagram Protocol/Internet Protocol

UPM

upstream MAC address

UPS

universal power supply

URL

universal resource locator

UTP

unshielded twisted pair

UW

unique word

VBR

variable bit rate

VCM

virtual channel map

VOD

Video on Demand

WK

working key

WKEM

Working Key Epoch Message

XML

Extensible Markup Language

275

GLOSSARY

Definitions of Terms

276

Boot File

The file referenced in the BOOTFILE field of the BOOTP reply message. A boot file provides configuration information for a network device either by containing an executable code image for the device or by listing the names of other files that contain the code image and other configuration information.

Boot Image

The configuration information delivered as the result of the boot process. Includes all information derived from the BOOTP reply, boot file, and associated hosts, services, and code files.

BOOTP

Boot protocol. The communication protocol used to transfer initialization information between digital headend network elements and a central server. At power up, network elements issue a BOOTP request. The BOOTP server receives the request and responds with a BOOTP reply that specifies startup information and operating parameters for the requesting device.

BOOTP Reply

Single-packet, multi-field boot protocol message transmitted in UDP by a BOOTP server to provide a boot image to a network device (BOOTP client).

BOOTP Request

Single-packet, multi-field boot protocol message transmitted in UDP by a network device (BOOTP client) to request a boot from a BOOTP server.

Bootptab File

A master data table used by the BOOTP server to create BOOTP reply messages. The BOOTPtab file list configuration information for all defined network devices. The HCT 1000 generates the BOOTPtab file automatically from information you provide in device configuration files.

Conditional Access Table (CAT)

A table carried in the PID1 stream of a transport multiplex that lists the PID numbers of all EMM streams in a transport multiplex and indexes each EMM stream to an EMM provider ID.

Entitlement Management Message (EMM)

This message type enables digital set-tops to decrypt a service. The MPEG-2-formatted messages carry system-wide information, such as Category Keys to specific set-tops, as well as authorization privileges and related access control information to specific or a group of set-tops. The RADD 6000 inserts these messages into the EMM datastream that is distributed out-of-band.

GLOSSARY

277

Boot File

The file referenced in the BOOTFILE field of the BOOTP reply message. A boot file provides configuration information for a network device either by containing an executable code image for the device or by listing the names of other files that contain the code image and other configuration information.

Forward Error Correction (FEC)

An encoding technique applied to data before transmission to reduce the number of errors introduced by transmission. The receiving device decodes the FEC to recover the original data. Data is formatted with extra error detection and correction bits at the sending end of a transmission. The received bits are used to detect and correct transmission errors.

Headend Configuration Tool (HCT 1000)

A General Instrument PC-based tool for provisioning network devices in a digital CATV headend or broadband interactive network. The HCT 1000 helps set up embedded code images, assign IP addresses to network devices, and set up start-up parameters.

Internet Protocol (IP) Address

This public standard address is used for packet- and connection-type communications.

JAVA-Enabled Console

A remote configuration tool that uses a multiplatform, object oriented programming language.

local area network (LAN)

A data communications network within a given area, such as a control room, office, specific workplace, building, or building cluster up to six miles wide (10 kilometers), but not using a common carrier.

MAC address

Media Access Control address. A proprietary address used for upstream/downstream communications. This is the lower sublayer of the Data Link layer in the OSI model and is used to describe the mechanisms used to arbitrate access to a shared medium.

MPEG-2 (MPEG-II)

An international standard (ISO/IEC 13818) for delivering compressed digital video. MPEG-2 is broadcast quality at 704x480 pixels at 30 frames per second (fps) in North America and 704x576 pixels at 25 fps in Europe. MPEG-2 is typically compressed at higher than 5Mbs and intended for higher quality broadcast uses.

GLOSSARY

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Boot File

The file referenced in the BOOTFILE field of the BOOTP reply message. A boot file provides configuration information for a network device either by containing an executable code image for the device or by listing the names of other files that contain the code image and other configuration information.

OAM&P

A telephone industry acronym referring to operations, administration, maintenance, and provisioning. The term refers to software required to generate the reports and commands needed to control all network equipment. The OAM&P port is a network (Ethernet) port through which a device communicates with the headend network. The OAM&P port is assigned a hardware (MAC) address at the factory; this MAC address is used for communication with the BOOTP server before the network (IP) address is assigned to the port.

Packet Identifier (PID)

A number assigned to MPEG transport packets to identify the information stream to which they belong. The PID number is assigned in the packet header, and all packets from the same stream have the same PID number. A 13-bit number included in MPEG-2 transport packet headers.

Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM)

A data modulation technique used to convert digital program information for delivery in cable TV systems over in-band frequencies. A form of double sideband modulation. The data stream is split into two half-rate streams. One of the data streams modulates a sine wave carrier, the other a cosine carrier at the same frequency. The resultant signal resembles a vestigial sideband signal with no pilot carrier present.

SONET

Synchronous Optical Network: a CCITT telephone digital transmission standard featuring a basic signaling rate of about 150 megabits per second and higher, using building blocks of about 50 mbps. CCITT intended it as a way of harmonizing international public telephone networks and tie them together as one functional network. SONET derives a transmission hierarchy from OC-1 (optical carrier one) through OC-48.

Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)

The basic communication protocol of the Internet. TCP/IP is a two-layered protocol. The TCP layer breaks a data packet into smaller packets that are transmitted over the Internet and received by another TCP layer that reassembles the packets into the original message. The IP layer ensures that each packet has the sender's and the receiver's Internet address and will get to the right destination.

User Datagram Protocol (UDP)

A transmission protocol that uses an IP address to identify the destination host and a port number to identify the destination application.

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