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ROYAUME DU MAROC
MINISTERE DES TRAVAUX PUBLICS DE LA FORMA FORMATION TION PROFESSIONNELLE PROFESSIONNELLE ET DE LA FORMA FORMATION TION DES CADRES DIRECTION DES ROUTES ET DE LA CIRCULA CIRCULATION TION ROUTIERE ROUTIERE DIVISION TECHNIQUE
GUIDE POUR L’APPLICATION DU CPC DES ETUDES ROUTIERES
EDITION 1990
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GUIDE POUR L’APPLICATION DU CPC DES ETUDES ROUTIERES SOMMAIRE
CHAPITRE I – DISPOSITIONS GENERALES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5
1 – Champ d’application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 2 – Principes généraux . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 3 – Consistance du CPC pour les études routières . . . . . . . . . . .8 4 – Modalités d’usage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9 5 – Cas particulier des études réalisées après concours . . . . . .10 CHAPITRE II – TRACES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11
6 – Notion de chaîne d’étude . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11 .11 7 – Méthodologie d’étude . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11 .11 8 – Travaux topographiques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12 9 – Etudes hydrologiques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14 10 – Evaluation Evaluation de la rentabilité rentabilité économique économique . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14 CHAPITRE III – OUVRAGES D’ART
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17
11 – Consistance des études . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17 12 – Recours aux ouvrages types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18 .18 13 – Etude de fondations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18 14 – Etude d’esthétique . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19 15 – Aménagements d’ouvrages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19 16 – Ouvrages d’assainissement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20 17 – Radiers submersibles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20 18 – Murs de soutènement soutènement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21 .21 CHAPITRE IV
– CHAUSSEES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22
CHAPITRE V
– AMENAGEMENTS PONCTUELS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24
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CHAPITRE I DISPOSITIONS GENERALES 1 – CHAMP D’APP D’APPLICA LICATION TION
Le présent guide s’applique à toutes les études routières auxquelles le Cahier des Prescriptions Communes des Etudes Routières (CPC) est lui-même applicable, c’est-à-dire pratiquement toutes les études concernant des routes de rase campagne ; rien n’empêche d’ailleurs de s’en inspirer dans d’autres cas, études urbaines notamment. 2 – PRINCIP PRINCIPES ES GENERA GENERAUX UX
Les idées maîtresses qui ont servi de base à la rédaction du CPC applicables aux études routières sont les suivantes : 2,1- Spécificité des phases d’études Une étude comporte normalement 3 phases : une étude de définition, une étude d’avant projet et une étude de projet d’exécution. L’étud ’étude e de définition définition a pour objet de définir définir les grandes lignes lignes de la ou des variantes de l’ouvrage à étudier et les méthodes d’étude à appliquer. L’avant projet a pour objet de définir avec précision les caractéristiques principales de l’ouvrage, d’évaluer son coût avec un degré de précision qui peut être jugé acceptable pour cette phase d’étude. En général cette précision est de + ou –20%.
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Le changement intervenu dans la terminologie des niveaux d’étude traduit la volonté de rompre avec les habitudes passées qui ne sont pas adaptées aux nouvelles nouvelles structures structures de la DRCR. A chaque phase sont affectés des moyens topographique et géotechnique propres pour atteindre le niveau de précision requis. En particulier, l’avant-projet ne doit pas être un projet d’exécution incomplet mais un document apportant à la DRCR dans la forme et notamment les échelles appropriées, tous les éléments de décision utiles et ceux-ci seulement. Ces deux niveaux d’étude ne pourront donc être confondus qu’exceptionnellement, dans le cas de projets très peu importants ou très simples, sur proposition, acceptée par la DRCR, au niveau de l’étude de définition, tels qu’élargissement de plate-forme, tracé en zone désertique. On notera d’autre part que l’étude de définition comportant celle des méthodes d’étude, il n’y aura, en général, lieu de procéder à la dévolution des études des niveaux ultérieurs qu’après approbation de ses conclusions par la DRCR. Il serait d’ailleurs souhaitable que l’étude de définition qui ne nécessite pas la mise en oeuvre de moyens logistiques importants, soit dans la majorité des cas, réalisée par les ingénieurs des services régionaux ou provinciaux de la DRCR. 2,2- Uniformisation des méthodologies d’études routières Le CPC des études routières définit les opérations élémentaires à réaliser au niveau de chaque phase de l’étude. Il indique les procédures à respecter et la précision à atteindre. Il précise les modalités de règlement de chacune d’elles.
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2,3- Intégration des volets géotechniques et économiques Il était de pratique courante de faire exécuter les études géotechnique et économique, soit après, soit au mieux en parallèle à l’étude de tracé, par un autre intervenant que celui chargé de l’élaboration du projet. Le CPC des études routières incorpore dorénavant ces deux volets au projet. L’auteur de l’étude est responsable de l’interprétation et de l’application au projet des avis donnés par les spécialistes. Il intègre leurs recommandations parmi les éléments fondamentaux de la conception du projet. Cette responsabilité du consultant implique qu’il élabore et soumette à l’Administration le programme des reconnaissances géotechniques et des essais de laboratoire qu’il estime nécessaire de faire exécuter par le Laboratoire désigné par l’Administration. Afin de faciliter la tâche des projeteurs un " guide pour les études géotechniques routières " est mis à leur disposition. Il présente le contenu des études géologiques et géotechniques à faire exécuter pour satisfaire aux objectifs assignés à chaque phase de l’étude en regard des principaux problèmes susceptibles d’être rencontrés. 2,4- Amélioration de la qualité des études L’élaboration d’un projet routier nécessite la participation de spécialistes intervenant en permanence ou ponctuellement. Les
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Le CPS titre II fait obligation aux soumissionnaires de constituer de telles équipes. On tiendra compte du niveau de leurs qualifications lors de l’évaluation des offres. 3 – CONSISTANCE CONSISTANCE DU CPC POUR LES ETUDES ROUTIERES ROUTIERES
Le CPC pour les études routières est subdivisé en fascicules traitant respectivement de :
fascic fas cicule ule 1 - clause clauses s tech techniq niques ues com commun munes es aux div divers erses es natures d’études. fascic fas cicule ule 2 - cla clause uses s finan financiè cières res com commun munes es aux div diverse erses s natures d’études. fascic fas cicule ule 3 - pre prescri scripti ptions ons com commun munes es aux aux étud études es de de tracé tracé.. fascic fas cicule ule 4 - pre prescr script iption ions s commu communes nes aux étud études es d’ou d’ouvra vrages ges d’art. fascic fas cicule ule 5 - pre prescr script iption ions s com commun munes es aux étu études des de structures de chaussées. fasc fa scic icul ule e 6 - pr pres escri cript ptio ions ns commun comm unes es aux aux études étude s d’aménagements ponctuels.
Le fasci fascicule cule 1, outre outre les dispositio dispositions ns générales générales applicables applicables aux aux études routières, traite des travaux topographiques. Il explicite leur mode d’exécution en distinguant d’une part les plans topographiques, ordinaires et réguliers, d’ensemble ou de détail, d’autre part les levés linéaires (profils en long et en travers). Il définit les différents types
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Les études de tracé distinguent le cas des autoroutes de celui des routes de rase campagne. Les études d’ouvrages d’art distinguent les ponts et ouvrages spéciaux, les ouvrages à aménager, les murs de soutènement et les ouvrages d’assainissement. Les études de chaussées distinguent les chaussées neuves et les renforcements. Les études d’aménagements ponctuels distinguent les carrefours, les aires de repos et les postes de péage. Ces fascicules décrivent les prestations à réaliser pour atteindre les objectifs assignés à chacune des 3 phases de l’étude d’un projet et ceci pour chacun des cas énumérés ci-dessus. Ils précisent les modalités de rémunération des prestations propres à chaque phase de l’étude. 4 – MODALIT MODALITES ES D’USAG D’USAGE E
Le présent guide est conçu en vue de l’utilisation judicieuse des documents, qui régiront désormais les marchés d’études : le CPC, le CPS-type et l’Instruction sur la Composition des Dossiers de Projet, tous documents visant à alléger la tâche des maîtres d’ouvrage, tant en ce qui concerne la conception des études que la rédaction des documents contractuels.
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Une chaîne ayant été choisie, les opérations qui la composent font l’objet des prescriptions du CPC ; il suffit donc que le contrat y fasse référence et apporte, le cas échéant, les précisions que le CPC laisse au CPS Titre II le soin d’ajouter comme par exemple les échelles des documents topographiques. Le but du CPS-type est d’y aider les rédacteurs, en limitant autant que possible les risques d’omissions, une rédaction étant fournie ou suggérée pour toutes les clauses où le CPS doit ou peut intervenir. Sans doute une étude est dans une certaine mesure toujours un cas particulier ; on s’est efforcé de trouver un juste compromis entre des spécifications trop rigides qui auraient rendu difficile de s’y adapter et un manque de précision qui aurait privé les divers documents de l’essentiel de leur intérêt. Il est conseillé aux responsables d’études d’utiliser le cadre qui leur est offert, même s’il ne leur semble pas satisfaire pleinement leurs exigences, plutôt que de tirer argument de la diversité des études pour innover, au risque d’omissions ou contradictions de nature à compliquer l’application des contrats. Enfin, une précaution essentielle est de respecter strictement, dans la rédaction du CPS Titre II, la terminologie des autres documents, le CPC en particulier. A cet effet, un glossaire des termes utilisés est joint en annexe. 5 – CAS PARTICULI PARTICULIER ER DES ETUDES REALISEES APRES CONCOURS
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CHAPITRE II – TRACES 6 – NOTION DE CHAINE D’ETUDE
Une étude routière complète comporte, selon le CPC, une étude de définition, une étude d’avant-projet et une étude de projet d’exécution. Chacune de ces phases d’étude comprend des tâches élémentaires qui, selon la nature du projet, peuvent être menées de diverses manières. Une chaîne d’étude est constituée de la suite des tâches à accomplir, qui sont définies ci-dessous aussi précisément que possible (voir schéma). Une phase d’étude ne peut être traitée indépendamment de la phase précédente. Dans le cas où l’on s’abstiendrait de passer par la voie normale de la réalisation de l’étude en 3 phases, en sautant la 1ère ou la 2ème phase, il conviendrait d’inclure dans la phase projetée, les prestations des phases antérieures indispensables à la conduite de l’étude (ex : étude hydrologique à inclure dans la phase projet d’exécutio d’exé cution, n, si l’AP n’a pas été réalisé). réalisé). A l’exce l’exception ption des des travaux topograph topographiques, iques, de de la méthodologi méthodologie e d’étude du tracé, et de la consistance des études économiques, les taches élémentaires élémentaires sont identiques quelque soient la catégorie de la
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soit, à partir d’un plan topographique d’ensemble dressé à une échelle adaptée à la précision requise par la phase d’étude ;
soit, à partir d’une implantation effectuée à vue sur le terrain avec ou sans l’aide d’une couverture photographique aérienne. Si l’implantation n’est pas susceptible d’une modification ultérieure elle est appelée implantation directe, si, par contre, elle peut être modifiée après optimisation du tracé au bureau, elle est appelée implantation semi-directe.
L’implantation directe doit être exceptionnelle. exceptionnelle. Elle Elle sera réservée aux études du niveau d’avant projet ou bien aux projets d’exécution en terrain plat ne comportant pas de contraintes hydrographiques. (zone désertique, périmètre remembré). La méthode méthode de l’implantat l’implantation ion semi-direct semi-directe e est à retenir retenir pour les projets d’exécution lorsque la mise en place du tracé ne présente pas de difficultés particulières.
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correspondre à celle de la zone susceptible d’être balayée par les couloirs et variantes de tracé. Son échelle doit être adaptée à la précision de la phase d’étude à laquelle elle est destinée. Une fois le tracé choisi, il convient de l’implanter sur le terrain et de déterminer les parcelles de terrain, incluses dans son emprise, qu’il faudra acquérir. Le CPC des étude routières distingue 4 catégories de travaux topographiques :
les plans topographiques, ordinaires ou réguliers, d’ensemble ou de détails. Ces plans recouvrent une bande de terrain dont la largeur et l’échelle sont à fixer, au cas par cas, par le CPS titre II. les levés linéaires linéaires représent représentant ant les points d’une ligne quelconque quelconque en plan et en altitude. Cette ligne est en général l’axe d’un tracé ou son ébauche. Des profils en travers régulièrement espacés complètent la représentation du terrain avoisinant.
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Pour effectuer ce choix, l’on pourra se baser sur les indications du tableau, ci-après, qui sont à considérer comme des niveaux inférieurs en dessous desquels il n’est pas recommandé de descendre. 9 – ETUDES HYDROLOGIQUES
L’étude hydrologique détaillée est menée au niveau de la phase avant projet de manière à pouvoir procéder à la localisation et au dimensionnement des ouvrages d’assainissement autres que les buses, des radiers et des ponts lors du calage de la ligne rouge. Le CPC n’a donc pas prévu d’inclure de nouvelles investigations hydrologiques lors de la phase projet d’exécution, sauf dans le cas où la phase avant projet aurait été supprimée. 10 – EVALUATION EVALUATION DE LA RENT RENTABILITE ABILITE ECONOMIQUE
L’évaluation de la rentabilité r entabilité économique n’est effectuée que si elle est expressément stipulée au CPS titre II. Elle s’effectue, en général,
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CHAINE D’ETUDE TYPE TRACE ROUTIER PHASE I – ETUDE DE DEFINITION AUTOROUTE recueil des données de base (géographique, économique, humaine). *
* *
Détermination des couloirs Sélection des couloirs
Recueil des données complémenta complémentaires ires (géotechnique – hydrologique – trafic). * Choix des normes * Définition des partis * Proposition d’études ultérieures. *
Route de rase compagne recueil des données de base (géographique, économique, humaine) *
*
détermination des couloirs
recueil des données complémentaires (géotechnique, hydrologique, trafic) * choix de la catégorie * définition des partis * proposition d’études ultérieures *
PHASE II – ETUDE D’AVANT PROJET *
travaux topographiques
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CHOIX DU TYPE DES TRA TRAV VAUX TOPOGRAPHIQUES EN FONCTION DE LA NA NATURE TURE DU PROJET
PHASE D’ETUDE NATU NA TURE RE DU PR PROJ OJET ET
ETUD ET UDE E DE DE DEFI FINI NITI TION ON
AVAN ANT T-P -PRO ROJE JET T
type
échelle
type
Carte géo. Photoaérienne
1/ 50.000 1/ 20.000
Plan topo + balisage
échelle
PROJ PR OJET ET D’ D’EX EXEC ECUT UTIO ION N type
échelle
TRACES ROUTIERS Création d’une route
autoroute
route standard
route désertique
route à faible trafic (REFT)
Aménag Amé nageme ement nt d’u d’une ne rout routee route standard
Carte géo.
1/ 50.000 P : photo aér ou +Implant. D 1/ 100.000 V/ M :plan t. + balisage
Photo mosaïque 1/ 20.000 Carte géo.
1/ 50.000 1/ 100.000
P/V 1/ 5000 Plan topo + M 1/ 2000 Implantation 1/ 5000
1/ 1000
Implant. SD
1/ 1000
1/ 2000
_
_
Implant. SD
1/ 2000
implantat.D
1/ 5000
Implant. SD
1/ 1000
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CHAPITRE III – OUVRAGES D’ART Le CPC des études routières distingue :
Les ponts et ouvrages spéciaux ; Les ouvrages à aménager ; Les murs de soutènement ;
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déterminer les quantités élémentaires.Toutefois, il est procédé, si nécessaire, aux reconnaissances géotechniques complémentaires pour lever les imprécisions apparues au niveau de la phase avant projet. 12 – RECOURS AUX OUVRAGES TYPES
Le CPC fait obligation au Bureau d’Etude de recourir aux ouvrages des catalogues d’ouvrages types de la DRCR dès que l’un d’eux est susceptible de satisfaire aux objectifs fixés par le CPS. Le Bureau d’Etudes est tenu de produire pour ces ouvrages des
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14 – ETUDE D’ESTHETIQUE
L’étude d’esthétique d’un ouvrage d’art ne fait pas partie des prestations permanentes mises à la charge du Bureau d’Etudes par le CPC. Elle peut toutefois être imposée au Bureau d’Etudes moyennant une rémunération spéciale. 15 – AMENAGEMENTS D’OUVRAGES
L’aménagement d’ouvrage en service peut porter, sans exclure la
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16 – OUVRAGES D’ASSAINISSEMENT
Les ouvrages d’assainissement regroupent :
les ouvrages transversaux à la plate-forme, tels que les dalots et buses, destinés à assurer le franchissement de petits cours d’eau et ravines ; les ouvrages longitudinaux à la plate-forme, tels que les fossés et canalisations, tranchées drainantes, destinés à collecter les eaux provenant de la plate-forme ; les ouvrages extérieurs à la plate-forme, tels que descente d’eau, épis, etc…, destinés à assurer la protection de la
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18 – MURS DE SOUTENEMENT
Les murs de soutènement, notamment pour les routes en terrain montagneux, peuvent représenter une part importante du coût du projet, qui n’apparaît que lors de l’établissement des profils en travers à la phase projet d’exécution. Pour pallier cet inconvénient, le CPC des études routières a prévu de traiter des murs de soutènement à chacune des phases de l’étude. Il distingue les murs de soutènement :
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que s’ils sont pratiqués pour caractériser des sols identifiés au moment de la reconnaissance comme dominants sur les sections bien déterminées. Cette reconnaissance est celle effectuée pour les besoins de l’étude de tracé, lorsqu’il s’agit d’un projet complet,
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CHAPITRE V
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les échangeurs doivent être conçus de telle sorte que le même poste de péage couvre le plus possible de mouvements.
On se souviendra enfin que l’environnement sera un sujet de pré-
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