50 Recette - Camille Dides

 

@FQM]WMKMDX UMIIAM => rmgmttms pfur udm guasadm sbadm mt rmspfdsbocm

 

Gfdgmptafd irbpjaqum mt rábcasbtafd0 Erbdéfas Hadiuarbrh (Wbadt-Gøkm mt Kbruá`fcs) Accustrbtafds0 Gbkaccm Hahms ^jftfs0 © Ácasm Frtafu hm c‑bimdgm 9_pagturm

AWOD0 19:-?-75=81-72:-= AWOD moffl0 19:-?-75=81-721-? Hápøt cáibc0 cáibc0 8m trakmstrm ?>2: ?>2:

© Xjamrry Wfuggbr Áhatafds, ?>2:, Umriêzm

www.tjamrrysfuggbr.gfk Xfus hrfats rásmrvás

 

Wfkkbarm  

ADX_FH]GXAFD ADX_FH]GXAFD ^rmdmz sfad sfad hm vftrm gfrps, mt hfddmz mt hfddmz î vftrm ïkm c‑mdvam h‑y rmstmr  Cms pradgapms pradgapms qua km iuahmdt  

X_F]UM_ CM OFD ÁR]ACAO_M Havmrsaeamz bu kbxakuk vftrm bcakmdtbtafd Havmrsaeamz vftrm bcakmdtbtafd pfur bvfar hm ofds bppfrts md  prftáadms Gfkpcákmdtmz cms prftáadms Kasmz sur cms cáiukadmusms ^ravacáiamz cms gárábcms gfkpcêtms mt sbds icutmd Kasmz sur cms dfax mt cms irbadms fcábiadmusms Umaccmz î c‑áquacaorm hms irbassms Rumcqums rmpêrms hm gfdsfkkbtafd pfur udm bcakmdtbtafd váibdm áquacaorám Kmttmz cms supmrbcakmdts î c‑jfddmur  Rubtrm aháms rméums sur c‑bcakmdtbtafd váibdm  

G]AWADM_ WBDW CBAX, WBDW ş]E, WBDW OCÁ ^br qufa rmkpcbgmr cm cbat, cm omurrm mt cb grêkm6 CBAX UÁIÁXBC

 

_AGFXXB UÁIBDM G_ÊKM EF]MXXÁM UÁIBDM

^br qufa rmkpcbgmr cms ŗues6 KBQFDDBAWM UÁIBDM

^br qufa rmkpcbgmr cm ocá, c‑frim, cm smaicm, c‑bvfadm…6 KAZ HM EB_ADMW WBDW IC]XMD

 

ADI_ÁHAMDXW, ]WXMDWACMW & GAM Gfdstatumz vftrm stfgl h‑adiráhamdts pfur oamd hákbrrmr  ^msmz mt hfsmz rbpahmkmdt, sbds obcbdgm Hu ofd kbtáramc pfur oamd guasadmr  Xmgjdaqums hm hágfupm mt hm guassfd hms cáiukms Mxpárakmdtmz mt grámz î vftrm tfur!  

^MXAX HÁ@M]DM_ & O_]DGJ WYMMX UMIBD ^BDGBLMW ^ÏXM Î XB_XADM_ KBAWFD GJFGFCBX DFAWMXXM G_ÊKM HM GJAB & WMW UB_ABDXMW WA_F^ ^F]_ GJBÆ CBXXM CM OFD I_BDFCB BÉBÆ OFYC B]Z E_]AXW E_BAW IB]E_MW HM CÁI]KMW O_F]ACCBHM HM XFE] B] G]_G]KB & B] GJF] LBCM

 

C]DGJ OFYC HMW R]BX_M WBAWFDW

 

Gfkpfsmz udm bssamttm vmiiam

udgj ofwc h‑butfkdm R]ADFB XF]X WAK^CM B] IADIMKO_M W^BIJMXXAW HM GF]_IM GFCMWCBY B]Z DFAZ & Î CB I_MDBHM

udgj ofwc h‑javmr  OF]CMXXMW EF_MWXAÊ_MW B]Z I_BADMW HM GJAB _AP DFA_ Î CB GBDDMCCM UMCF]XÁ HM O]XXM_D]X B]Z Á^AGMW & B] CBAX HM GFGF XB_XB_M KBDI]M BUFGBX EMDF]AC

udgj ofwc hm pradtmkps EBCBEMCW B] EF]_  _AP OA@F] WBCBHM ^_ADXBDAÊ_M B]Z E_BAWMW & B]Z BW^M_IMW XBOF]CÁ HM GJF]-ECM]_ B]Z JM_OMW udgj ofwc h‑átá OF]CMXXMW H‑B]OM_IADM B]Z BKBDHMW & B]Z FCAUMW ^ADL WBCBHM WBCBHM HM ^FAW GJAGJMW ^M_WAC & ^AGLCMW HM KBDI]M XBOF]CÁ HM I_BADMW IM_KÁMW B]Z OBAMW HM IF@A

 

CMW BWWBAWFDDMKMDXW C‑brt hm c‑bssbasfddmkmdt I]BGBKFCM IFKBWAF CM PBBXB_ 

 

WB]GM B] QBF]_X WB]GM WBXBQ G_ÊKM HM GB@F] E]KÁM

 

I_MMD KFFH

Cms smgrmts hms `us hm eruats mt hm cáiukms erbas I_MMD IBW^BGJF ^FKKM BUFGBX GFDGFKO_M XB_XB_M H‑BCI]MW E_BÄGJMW G_BGLM_W Î CB ^]C^M HM CÁI]KMW

 

G]AWADM Î ^B_XBIM_ 

JF]KF]W & WMW UB_ABDXMW B]OM_IADMW UB^M]_ B] IADIMKO_M & B] WÁWBKM _F]CMB]Z HM ^_ADXMK^W HBJC Î CB DFAZ HM GFGF UMIIAM KBLAW B] _AP _F]IM HM GBKB_I]M KADA^APPBW GF]_IMXXM BKBDHM G]__Q IADIMKO_M KAWF GF_ABDH_M

 

HF]GM]_W & IF]_KBDHAWMW GBLM ^BWWM-^B_XF]X GB__FX GBLM UMIBD & WBDW IC]XMD G_MBK GJMMWM UMIBD B]Z DFAZ HM GB@F] ^B_EBAX B]Z ^FKKMW & _BY G_]KOCM OBDBDB O_MBH Î CB ^F]H_M H‑BKBDHM KF]WWM ş]E DA G_ÊKM EFDHBDXB] B]GJFGFCBX GJFGFCBXWBDW & Î CB ^]_ÁM HM DFAWMXXM

 

XA_BKAW] GFGF E_]AXW _F]IMW DAGM G_MBK KBXGJB

  _mkmrgamkmdts

 

 

 

rmdmz sfad hm vftrm gfrps, mt hfddmz î vftrm ïkm c‑mdvam h‑y rmstmr  Wm dfurrar mst ud bgtm mssmdtamc hm cb vam. Guasadmr c‑mst tfut butbdt. G‑mst hbds gmt msprat hm quàtm hm c‑mssmdtamc qum `‑ba fuvmrt kfd rmstburbdt hm guasadm váiátbramddm î Kfdtpmccamr mt qum `‑ba hágahá hm pbrtbimr kb pbssafd hm cb guasadm.  Dfus vavfds udm ápfqum pbrbhfxbcm. Cms prfirês hm cb sgamdgm fdt pmrkas h‑adtmdsaeamr cb prfhugtafd biragfcm mt birfbcakmdtbarm< qubsakmdt tfut cm kfdhm pmut hásfrkbas bggáhmr pfur qumcqums murfs î hms prfhuats bccágjbdts, hms sbugassms `utmusms mt grbqubdtms, hms quagjms pràtms md = kadutms, hms  ofassfds pátaccbdtms mt sugráms, hms ybfurts grákmux… Cm prfocêkm, g‑mst qum prfhuarm mt bvfar udm bcakmdtbtafd î cb efas ofd kbrgjá, ebgacm î prápbrmr mt ebgacm î gfdsfkkmr dm sm ebat pbs sbds gfdsáqumdgm. Gmcb akpcaqum hm rmgfurar bux pmstagahms, î c‑ácmvbim adtmdsae, î c‑mxpcfatbtafd hms bdakbux, î hms trbvbaccmurs sfus-pbyás, î hms trbdspfrts  pfccubdts, î hms bhhataes, î c‑uctrb-trbdsefrkbtafd hms kbtaêrms prmkaêrms… qua sfdt udm gbtbstrfpjm butbdt pfur cb pcbdêtm qum pfur dftrm sbdtá. _mprmdhrm cm gfdtrøcm hm dftrm bcakmdtbtafd mst hmvmdum udm urimdgm.

mhfddmz hu smds î vftrm bcakmdtbtafd Adtfcárbdtm bu cbgtfsm, `‑ba átá bkmdám três `mudm î guasadmr haeeármkkmdt mt  pmtat î pmtat î km pfsmr cb qumstafd h‑udm guasadm váiátbramddm (sbds gjbar  bdakbcm) mt váiátbcamddm (sbds prfhuats assus hm c‑mxpcfatbtafd bdakbcm). Gmt adtáràt b átá rmdefrgá pbr kms átuhms hm haátátaqum qua k‑fdt pmrkas hm kamux bpprájmdhmr cms meemts hm c‑bcakmdtbtafd sur dftrm sbdtá kbas bussa sur cb `fam hm vavrm.

 

Gms prmkaêrms mxpáramdgms k‑fdt bkmdám î ácbofrmr udm ibstrfdfkam sbds  prfhuats bdakbux, butfur hm prfhuats assus hm c‑biragucturm oafcfiaqum fu rbasfddám, cfgbcm mt hm sbasfd. Bu`furh‑jua `m cm sbas0 bvmg sb efurgjmttm, fd pmut, trfas efas pbr `fur, biar sur  sb sbdtá, cmudm gcakbt, cm ifurkbdhm, oamd-àtrm bdakbc, cms pbysbims, cb sfurgm sfcahbratá… tfut md  prbtaqubdt guasadm iádármusm, grábtavm mt hm ofdjmur. Gmttm kbdaêrm hm guasadmr, gmttm ebéfd h‑àtrm bu quftahamd, mst md bggfrh bvmg kms gfdvagtafds prfefdhms. @m km prfpfsm, î trbvmrs gm cavrm, hm vfus cb ebarm hágfuvrar. @m vbas vfus kfdtrmr qu‑mccm dm hmkbdhm pbs efrgákmdt ombugfup hm tmkps mt h‑brimdt. Ac sueeat sfuvmdt hm ráadvmstar hm cb vbcmur hbds dfs  pmtats bgtms hu quftahamd, gfkkm ebarm sms gfursms, guasadmr, sm dfurrar,  pbrtbimr… Mt vfus vvmrrmz mrrmz qu‑mccm prfgurm h‑ádfrkms sbtasebgtafds, pfur gmcua qua prápbrm gfkkm pfur gmux qua háiustmdt. Hbds cb prmkaêrm pbrtam hm gmt fuvrbim, `m vfus prásmdtm cm gbhrm hbds cmqumc s‑adsgrat kb guasadm, dftbkkmdt cms vbcmurs qua km iuahmdt bu quftahamd0 rmspmgt hm c‑mdvarfddmkmdt, hms bdakbux, hm cb sbdtá. @m vfus hfddm mdsuatm qumcqums rêicms dutratafddmccms sakpcms bead h‑bvfar udm bcakmdtbtafd váibdm áquacaorám mt vfus mxpcaqum gfkkmdt strugturmr vfs rmpbs. Ufus vmrrmz mdsuatm gfkoamd ac mst ebgacm hm guasadmr sbds ŗue mt sbds cbat. Cms bctmrdbtavms î gms adiráhamdts sfdt dfkormusms mt `m vfus bpprmdhrba î cms kbdamr. Mdead, `m vfus prásmdtm => rmgmttms `fymusms, pcmadm hm gfucmurs mt hm sbvmurs.hmMccms ebatdmc‑udbdakatá hbdsbhmptms kfd rmstburbdt, buprêsváiátbramddm hm kms gcamdts, kàkm gmuxfdtqua sfdt pbs hms hm cb guasadm fu váibdm. ^fur vfus bggfkpbidmr qumc qum sfat vftrm davmbu md guasadm, gms rmgmttms sfdt pfdgtuáms h‑bstugms mt hm gfdsmacs assus hm kfd mxpáramdgm, hm kms rmgmttms rbtáms, hms qumstafds pfsáms pbr kms gcamdts, fu pbr gmccms mt gmux qua pbrtagapmdt î kms gfurs. Kfd fo`mgtae bvmg gm cavrm mst qum vfus puassamz `fumr bvmg cms rmgmttms, cms adiráhamdts mt bppfrtmr eadbcmkmdt vftrm tfugjm pmrsfddmccm. Bcfrs pbrtfds mdsmkocm î cb hágfuvmrtm hm gm dfuvmbu kfhm hm vam.

 

Gbkaccm Grábtragm hu rmstburbdt

jmbctjyeffh  

 

ms pradgapms qua km iuahmdt  Dfus d‑bvfds qum `bkbas átá bussa bcakmdtbarms adefrkás hms gbtbstrfpjaqums dfs gfkpfrtmkmdts mt dfsgfdsáqumdgms kfhms hm vam fdt sur cb pcbdêtm mt sur dftrm sbdtá. Hbds gm cavrm, `m vfus hfddm hms kfymds sakpcms hm rmprmdhrm cm gfdtrøcm, î vftrm ágjmccm, sur dftrm mdvarfddmkmdt, mt badsa hm rmtrfuvmr cm pcbasar hm guasadmr mt hm kbdimr md gfjármdgm bvmg vfs gfdvagtafds. Xrfas pradgapms ifuvmrdmdt kms gjfax. @m vfus cms prásmdtm aga. Dm pmdsmz pbs qum gms gjfax mdtrbädmdt hms rmstragtafds, bu gfdtrbarm. Md km hátfurdbdt hm gmrtbads adiráhamdts bssfgaás î hms prbtaqums dáebstms pfur cb sbdtá fu c‑mdvarfddmkmdt, `‑ba gjmrgjá hms bctmrdbtavms mt ebat hm três sbvfurmusms hágfuvmrtms!

_MW^MGXM_ C‑MDUA_FDDMKMDX Hmpuas hms bddáms, î irbdhm ágjmccm, fd guctavm hm kbdaêrm adtmdsavm hu ocá, hu kbæs, hu raz î gfups h‑mdirbas mt hm pmstagahms. Fd ebat pfussmr hm kbdaêrm qubsa brtaeagamccm hms eruats mt hms cáiukms sfus smrrm, mt fd cms gumaccm bvbdt kbturatá pfur kamux cms gfdsmrvmr. Fd prfhuat hms gárábcms udaqumkmdt pfur  dfurrar hms bdakbux mt prfhuarm hms qubdtatás bstrfdfkaqums hm vabdhm, hm cbat, h‑ŗues… trbdsefrkm, mkobccm, stfglm,hmtrbdspfrtm gbkafds mdtamrs Fd fu pbr obtmbu h‑ud ofut î c‑butrm cb pcbdêtm.cms hmdráms pbr  Gfdsáqumdgms0 cms ibz î meemt hm smrrm s‑bggukucmdt, c‑btkfspjêrm sm rágjbueem, cb háefrmstbtafd s‑adtmdsaeam, cms sfcs s‑bppbuvrassmdt, cms gfurs h‑mbu mt cms dbppms pjrábtaqums sfdt gfdtbkadás, cms biraguctmurs s‑adtfxaqumdt, cms bdakbux (bomaccms, fasmbux…) mt cms pcbdtms sbuvbims (vbraátás bdgamddms) haspbrbassmdt, cb oafhavmrsatá s‑árfhm, mt cms gbpbgatás hm rásacamdgm hm cb tmrrm bvmg. Jmurmusmkmdt, aga mt cî, cms pbysbds s‑fribdasmdt  pfur prfkfuvfar mt rmtrfuvmr udm biragucturm î cb efas pcus jukbadm mt pcus rmspmgtumusm hm c‑mdvarfddmkmdt mt hu ifüt.

 

Md fptbdt pfur hms bcakmdts oruts prfhuats cfgbcmkmdt, prês hm gjmz vfus, md sbasfd, sbds pmstagahms mt sbds mdirbas gjakaqums0  ‗  fd ávatm h‑biirbvmr mdgfrm cms gfdsáqumdgms dáebstms hm c‑biragucturm sur cb pcbdêtm<  ‗  fd ráhuat cms mkobccbims<  ‗  fd ebat hms ágfdfkams<  ‗  fd rábpprmdh î bpprágamr cms sbvmurs hms prfhuats gumaccas î kbturatá.

 

_MW^MGXM_ CMW BDAKB]Z Gjbqum bddám, 5= kaccabrhs h‑bdakbux sfdt tuás pfur prfhuarm pcus hm 7>> kaccafds hm tfddms hm vabdhm, sfat 8? li pbr pmrsfddm mt pbr bd. Wfaxbdtm-gadq kaccabrhs, prmsqum efas cb pfpucbtafd jukbadmquakfdhabcm mt g‑mst ? >>>g‑mst bdakbux tuás 2> gjbqum smgfdhm. Hms gjaeerms hfddmdt bgtumccm cm tfurdas,

 

kbas qua gbgjmdt udm rábcatá pcus tmrraocm mdgfrm0 gmccm hm cb sfueerbdgm bdakbcm bssfgaám î c‑ácmvbim adhustramc. Gbr qua hat ácmvbim adtmdsae hat0  ‗ kbdqum h‑mspbgm0 gbims mt jbdibrs mxaius, akpfssaoacatá hm ofuimr fu sm rmtfurdmr, kbdqum h‑mxmrgagm, erbgturms fssmusms<  ‗ bcakmdtbtafd adhustramccm, usbim mxgmssae h‑bdtaoaftaqums, gfdeadmkmdt cfrs hms trbdspfrts…<  ‗ háda hms omsfads adstadgtaes mt dbturmcs hms bdakbux0 irbttmr, orfutmr,  pagfrmr, sm rfucmr hbds cb pfussaêrm<  ‗ ácakadbtafd sácmgtavm h‑bdakbux, dftbkkmdt hms pfussads mt hms vmbux kïcms gfdsahárás gfkkm sbds «vbcmur kbrgjbdhm¼<  ‗ sfueerbdgm0 omgs smgtafddás gjmz cms pfucms, pfrgs p frgs gbstrás, bddmbux bddm bux hbds cm dmz, ágfrdbim hms vmbux… hms prfgáhurms hmstadáms î ebgacatmr cm trbvbac hms ácmvmurs kbas qua pmuvmdt àtrm gfkpbráms î udm vrbam tfrturm. Î gms sfueerbdgms adutacms sfdt bssfgaáms î ud dfd-smds ágfcfiaqum. C‑ácmvbim adhustramc b md meemt ud pfahs mdvarfddmkmdtbc hásbstrmux. Cb prfhugtafd h‑ud lacfirbkkm hm vabdhm hm oŗue dágmssatm 27 =>> catrms h‑mbu (8 5>> pfur cm  pfrg, 8 2>> pfur cm pfucmt). Wmcfd cb EBF (Fribdasbtafd hms Dbtafds udams  pfur c‑bcakmdtbtafd mt c‑biragucturm), c‑ácmvbim hm oátbac hbds cm kfdhm mst rmspfdsbocm hm 28,=% hms ákassafds hm ibz î meemt hm smrrm mt fggupm 9>% hm cb surebgm biragfcm kfdhabcm (pïturbim hu oátbac mt prfhugtafd hm gárábcms hmstadáms î cms dfurrar).

Cms Erbdébas sm hátfurdmdt hm cb vabdhm Wmcfd udm átuhm hm smptmkorm ?>29 kmdám pbr cm Gmdtrm hm rmgjmrgjm pfur c‑átuhm mt c‑fosmrvbtafd hms gfdhatafds hm vam (G_MHFG), cms Erbdébas kbdimdt hm kfads md kfads hm vabdhm. Mdtrm ?>>9 mt ?>29, cb qubdtatá kfymddm mst pbssám hm 2=7 i î 27= i pbr `fur, sfat udm hakadutafd hm 2?% md 2> bds. Bu`furh‑jua, =% hm cb pfpucbtafd erbdébasm smrbamdt váibdms fu váiátbramds, 7>% smrbamdt ecmxatbramds (bvmg udm bcakmdtbtafd smka-váiátbramddm qua d‑mxgcum pbs tftbcmkmdt cb vabdhm, kbas sakpcmkmdt md gfkpfrtm kfads mt hm kmaccmurm qubcatá) mt =>% bakmrbamdt buikmdtmr  cmur gfdsfkkbtafd hm cáiukms mt hm váiátbux.

 

Md rmdfdébdt î kbdimr hm cb vabdhm, hms ŗues, hu cbat, fd rmeusm hm gbutafddmr ud systêkm qua dm rmspmgtm pbs cms omsfads prakbarms hms bdakbux mt qua mxmrgm ud pfahs ádfrkm sur cms rmssfurgms hm cb tmrrm. ^_ÁWM_UM_ WB WBDXÁ Foásatá, haboêtm, kbcbhams gbrhaf-vbsgucbarms, gbdgmr… Cms rbvbims hm c‑bcakmdtbtafd adhustramccm sfdt bu`furh‑jua oamd gfddus. Md gbusm0 c‑mxgês hm sugrm, hm vabdhm, hm kbuvbasms irbassms kbas bussa h‑bcakmdts adhustramcs uctrb-trbdsefrkás. C‑uctrb-trbdsefrkbtafd hástrugturm cms adiráhamdts mt cmur ebat pmrhrm cmurs vmrtus dutratafddmccms< mccm dágmssatm c‑b`fut h‑bhhataes mt h‑bimdts gfskátaqums suspmgts (sarfps hm erugtfsm, bkahfds, prftáadms hm ocá, pfuhrms h‑ŗue, mtg.) qua bobassmdt mdgfrm cb qubcatá dutratafddmccm. _ásuctbts, fd sm rmtrfuvm bvmg hms bcakmdts pbuvrms qubcatá. md dutrakmdts mt md eaorms, kbas ragjms md sugrms mt md irbassms hm kbuvbasm ^br baccmurs, cm rmgfurs î hms ocás kfhmrdms pcus prfhugtaes mt cb gfdsfkkbtafd mxgmssavm hm prfhuats gárábcamrs (pbads, pïtms, oasguats,  pazzbs…) sfdt î c‑fraiadm h‑udm brravám kbssavm hm icutmd hbds dfs bssamttms. Gmttm prftáadm ‗ áibcmkmdt rmtrfuvám hbds c‑frim, cm smaicm mt c‑bvfadm ‗  gfdeêrm hms prfpraátás hm pbdaeagbtafd bux ebradms, kbas smrbat î c‑fraiadm hm havmrs trfuocms gjmz ud irbdh dfkorm hm pmrsfddms. Badsa, udm pmrsfddm sur  trfas burbat sbds cm sbvfar udm smdsaoacatá qua smrbat rmspfdsbocm h‑udm ebtaium gjrfdaqum, hm trfuocms hm cb haimstafd mt hm c‑jukmur, hm kbux hm tàtm, h‑brtjrfsm, hm hfucmurs kusgucbarms… Mt gjmz cms pmrsfddms práhaspfsáms iádátaqumkmdt, cm icutmd biarbat gfkkm ud hátfdbtmur hm kbcbhams butfakkudms0 kbcbhams gŗcabqums, hm Grfjd, sgcárfsm md pcbqums, haboêtm hm typm 2…

Md gjfasassbdt hm guasadmr sbds prfhuats bdakbux, î obsm hm váiátbux vbraás, oruts, gfkpcmts, oaf, sbds icutmd mt hm sbasfd, fd oádáeagam h‑udm bcakmdtbtafd ragjm md dutrakmdts prftmgtmurs mt pbuvrm md suostbdgms tfxaqums. Cms átuhms kfdtrmdt qum cms pmrsfddms qua bhfptmdt gm typm h‑bcakmdtbtafd (gárábcms oaf dfd rbeeadáms, cáiukadmusms, juacms

 

áquacaoráms, mtg.) sfdt pcus kadgms mt kamux prftáiáms gfdtrm cms kbcbhams gbrhaf-vbsgucbarms, gbrhaf-vbsgucba rms, cm haboêtm, cm gbdgmr hu gøcfd mt c‑jypmrtmdsafd.

 

 

 

Ac sueeat hm rmspmgtmr qumcqums rêicms sakpcms mt hm prmdhrm ud suppcákmdt hm vatbkadm O2? pfur ácbofrmr udm bcakmdtbtafd váibdm áquacaorám, rmstmr md ofddm sbdtá mt oamd hbds sb pmbu.

avmrsaeamz bu kbxakuk vftrm bcakmdtbtafd pfur bvfar hm ofds bppfrts md prftáadms Md vbrabdt cms bcakmdts váiátbux gjbqum `fur, cms bppfrts prftáaqums sfdt bssurás md qubdtatá mt md qubcatá sueeasbdtms. Cms prftáadms sfdt gfdstatuáms h‑udm suggmssafd h‑bgahms bkadás. Juat h‑mdtrm mux, hats «mssmdtamcs¼, dm  pmuvmdt pbs àtrm sydtjátasás pbr c‑fribdaskm mt hfavmdt hfdg àtrm bppfrtás harmgtmkmdt pbr c‑bcakmdtbtafd0 asfcmugadm, cmugadm, cysadm, kátjafdadm,  pjádycbcbdadm, tjráfdadm, tryptfpjbdm, vbcadm. Cms prftáadms qua fdt hms qubdtatás suostbdtamccms hms juat bgahms bkadás mssmdtamcs sfdt hatms «hm ofddm qubcatá¼. G‑mst cm gbs hms prftáadms hms bcakmdts h‑fraiadm bdakbcm. Kbas ‗ ofddm dfuvmccm ‗ g‑mst bussa cm gbs hm gmrtbadms prftáadms váiátbcms!

CMW KMACCM]_W ÁCÊUMW ^F]_ CMW ^_FXÁADMW UÁIÁXBCMW  ‗ Hm dfkormusms cáiukadmusms (sf`b, pfas gjagjms, jbragfts vmrts mt ocbdgs,  pfas…), gmrtbadms psmuhf-gárábcms (sbrrbsad, quadfb) mt gmrtbadms dfax (pastbgjms, dfax hm gb`fu) fdt hms tmdmurs md bgahms bkadás mssmdtamcs bhbptás bux omsfads jukbads.  ‗ C‑bvfadm mt cm raz prásmdtmdt bussa hms prfeacs prftáaqums hm três ofddm qubcatá.  ‗ Cms cáiukms hm typm «emuaccms¼ mt «ecmurs¼ fdt hms prftáadms três sfuvmdt h‑mxgmccmdtm qubcatá, kàkm sa cb qubdtatá tftbcm mst ebaocm hbds gms bcakmdts.

CMW B]X_MW OFDW ÁCÊUMW

 

 ‗ Cms cáiukadmusms butrms qum gmccms gatáms pcus jbut prásmdtmdt h‑mxgmccmdts  prfeacs prftáaqums, kàkm s‑ac mst vrba qum gmrtbads bgahms bkadás hats «sfuerás¼ (dftbkkmdt cb kátjafdadm, ud bgahm bkadá mssmdtamc) sfdt kfads rmprásmdtás.  ‗ Cms prápbrbtafds sf`b gfkkm cm tfeukbas sfdt mccms ud pmu pcus pbuvrms md kátjafdadm qum cbî obsm irbadmhmhm sf`b mccm-kàkm, rmstmdt hm ofddms sfurgms hm prftáadms.

Gfkpcákmdtmz cms prftáadms Cms bgahms bkadás mssmdtamcs qua pfurrbamdt ebarm háebut qubdh fd kbdim udaqumkmdt hms váiátbux sfdt cb cysadm mt, hbds udm kfadhrm kmsurm, cb kátjafdadm. Cms bcfrs cáiukadmusms sfdt ragjms md cysadm, kbdqumr  hm kátjafdadm, qum cms gárábcms (kbæs, ocá…)kbas sfdt pmuvmdt pcutøt ragjms md kátjafdadm mt pbuvrms md cysadm. Bead hm právmdar h‑ávmdtumcs háeagats, ac sueeat hm vbramr cms sfurgms bu quftahamd, md rmspmgtbdt cms rmpêrms hm gfdsfkkbtafd adhaquás md pbim md  pbim ?9. ?9.

Bhfptmz cm sf`b!

 

_agjm md prftáadms mt md irbassms, fkdaprásmdt hbds c‑bcakmdtbtafd bsabtaqum, cm sf`b mst ahábc pfur rmkpcbgmr cb vabdhm qubdh fd mst váiátbramd. Ac sm hágcadm md hm kuctapcms prápbrbtafds0  ‗  cm tfdyu (ofassfd bu sf`b)0 três utacm pfur rmkpcbgmr cm cbat hbds cms rmgmttms sbcáms mt sugráms<  ‗  cm ybfurt hm sf`b0 g‑mst hu tfdyu emrkmdtá<  ‗  cm tfeu emrkm0 prápbrá cua bussa bvmg hu tfdyu, kbas gmttm efas gbaccá (kbas dfd emrkmdtá) î c‑bahm hu daibra, ac sm tamdt oamd î cb guassfd mt pmut àtrm erat, kbradá, iraccá fu euká. Ac b ud ifüt ebhm, kbas irïgm î sb tmxturm pfrmusm, ac bosfrom cb sbvmur hms adiráhamdts bvmg cmqumc fd cm ebat kbradmr fu guarm<  ‗  cm tfeu sfymux0 ac b átá prmssá puas áifuttá kfads cfdiumkmdt qum cm tfeu emrkm< g‑mst udm ofddm bctmrdbtavm î cb grêkm mt bux ŗues<  ‗  cm tfeu cbgtfemrkmdtá0 ac d‑b pbs átá gbaccá, kbas mdsmkmdgá bvmg hms obgtárams cbgtaqums pfur cm ebarm emrkmdtmr.

 

asmz sur cms cáiukadmusms

 

 Dfus bvfds vu qum cb efrtm tmdmur md prftáadms hms cáiukadmusms (mdtrm 9 mt 2:% pfur cms irbadms mdtaêrms) md ebat udm sfurgm hm prftáadms hm tfut prmkamr  gjfax qubdh fd mst váibdm. Kbas cb ragjmssm md prftáadms d‑mst pbs cb smucm qubcatá hms cáiukadmusms puasqu‑mccms sfdt áibcmkmdt0  ‗ três ragjms md eaorms<  ‗ ragjms md bgahms irbs adsbturás<  ‗ ragjms md icugahms i cugahms î adhmx icygákaqum obs (mccms dm d m pmrturomdt pbs cm sugrm su grm sbdiuad gm qua mst ahábc pfur cms haboátaqums mt gmux qua vmucmdt ibrhmr cb caidm). Cms cáiukadmusms fdt bussa udm efrtm hmdsatá dutratafddmccm bvmg0  ‗ hms vatbkadms hu irfupm O hfdt cb O1 (efcbtms)<  ‗ hu kbidásauk<  ‗ hu gbcgauk<  ‗ hu emr<  ‗ hu pftbssauk mssmdtamc pfur rátbocar c‑áquacaorm sfhauk/pftbssauk<  ‗ hu pjfspjfrm. Orme, cms cáiukadmusms fdt tfut ofd!

Bstugm sa vfus haiármz kbc cms cáiukadmusms Md cms ebasbdt trmkpmr mt práimrkadmr hurbdt trfas `furs bvbdt cb guassfd, vfus bccmz bkácafrmr cmur haimstaoacatá (hakadutafd hms ecbtucmdgms) mt cb oafhaspfdaoacatá hms kadárbux (emr, zadg, gbcgauk, kbdibdêsm…). Cb guassfd bvmg hu tjyk, hm cb sbrramttm, hu gukad mt/fu hms bciums gfkkm cm lfkou bkácafrm áibcmkmdt cb haimstaoacatá.

 

ravacáiamz cms gárábcms gfkpcêtms mt sbds icutmd Cfrsqum cms gárábcms sfdt rbeeadáms, qum c‑fd rmtarm cmur mdvmcfppm mt cmur  imrkm, cb vbcmur dutratafddmccm gjutm hm kbdaêrm hrbkbtaqum. Mccms sm rbpprfgjmdt bcfrs hm sakpcms eágucmdts ragjms md bkahfd, gfkkm cms pfkkms hm tmrrm. Bu gfdtrbarm, cfrsqu‑mccms sfdt gfkpcêtms, mccms pmuvmdt gfdstatumr ud hms pacamrs hu rmpbs. Cms gárábcms gfkpcêtms sfdt dmttmkmdt pcus ragjms qum cms gárábcms rbeeadáms md eaorms, md vatbkadms (dftbkkmdt O mt M) mt md kadárbux (emr, kbidásauk, zadg, pftbssauk, sácádauk). Mccms prásmdtmdt bussa ud adhmx icygákaqum pcus  obs. Gjfasassmz-cms sbds icutmd0 gm hmrdamr ebvfrasm cb pmrkáboacatá adtmstadbcm gjmz hm dfkormusms pmrsfddms, gm qua mst susgmptaocm h‑adhuarm hms sykptøkms ibstrf-adtmstadbux (gøcfd arratbocm, bctmrdbdgm hm habrrjám, gfdstapbtafd, rmecux) fu mxtrb-adtmstadbux (ebtaium gjrfdaqum, kbux hm tàtm, hfucmurs

 

brtagucbarms, átbts háprmssaes…). H‑udm kbdaêrm iádárbcm, dfkormusms sfdt cms  pmrsfddms qua rmgfddbassmdt sm smdtar kamux md gfdsfkkbdt pmu fu pbs hm icutmd. Cms ebradms hm quadfb, hm raz, hm kaccmt, hm sbrrbsad, h‑bkbrbdtm mt hm efdaf dm gfdtamddmdt pbs hm icutmd mt pmuvmdt rmkpcbgmr cb ebradm hm ocá (carm  p. 89 89). ).

asmz sur cms dfax mt cms irbadms fcábiadmusms  Dfax hm Irmdfocm, dfasmttms, dfax hm gb`fu, bkbdhms, dfax hm kbgbhbkab,  pastbgjms, dfax hu Orásac, dfax hm págbd, brbgjahms… káratmdt h‑àtrm gfdsfkkáms gjbqum `fur< mccms gukucmdt md meemt hm dfkormux btfuts sbdtá irïgm î pcusamurs hm cmurs gfkpfsbdts.

HMW W]OWXBDGMW OÁDÁEAR]MW ^F]_ CM Gş]_ MX CMW UBAWWMB]Z  ‗ Hm prágamusms irbassms fkáib-7 hbds cms irbadms hm cad, hm gjbdvrm mt hm gjab, mt hbds cms dfax hm Irmdfocm.  ‗ Hms fkáib-1 (gfkkm gmux hm c‑juacm h‑fcavm) hbds cms fcábiadmux md iádárbc.  ‗ Hms pjytfstárfcs hbds cms dfax, cms bkbdhms mt cms paidfds hm pad.  ‗ Hm cb vatbkadm M (bdtafxyhbdtm) surtfut hbds cm tfurdmsfc, cb dfasmttm, c‑bkbdhm mt cb gbgbjuêtm, kbas bussa hbds tfus cms fcábiadmux.  ‗ Hu rmsvárbtrfc (puassbdt bdtafxyhbdt) hbds cb gbgbjuêtm. Ebatms trmkpmr cms fcábiadmux! ^fur kamux prfeatmr hm cmurs qubcatás dutratafddmccms mt kamux cms haiármr, pmdsmz î cms ebarm trmkpmr udm duat fu qumcqums jmurms hbds c‑mbu erfahm bvbdt hm cms gfdsfkkmr. Gmga vb pmrkmttrm h‑ácakadmr cms adjaoatmurs h‑mdzykms (bdtadutrakmdts) qum cms fcábiadmux gfdtamddmdt dbturmccmkmdt pfur sm prftáimr, kbas qua pmrturomdt cb haimstafd mt cb gbpbgatá h‑bosfrptafd hm gmrtbads kadárbux pbr c‑fribdaskm. Cm trmkpbim pmrkmt hm ebarm hms fcábiadmux hms bcakmdts vavbdts, pcus ragjms md  prftáadms mt havmrs dutrakmdts.  ‗ Bkbdhms mt dfasmttms0 2? jmurms

 

 ‗  ‗  ‗  ‗  ‗

Dfax hm Irmdfocm0 hm ? î : jm jmurms urms Dfax hm págbd0 hm ? î : jmurms Irbadms hm tfurdmsfc0 8 jmurms Irbadms hm gfurim0 8 jmurms Wásbkm hágfrtaquá0 hm 8 î 2? jmurms

Cms dfax hud‑fdt Orásac,pbs hm gb`fu, kbgbhbkab, irbadms hm paidfds mt pbs cms  pastbgjms omsfad hmh‑àtrm kas î cms trmkpmr, gbrgjbdvrm, acs dm cms gfdtamddmdt h‑adjaoatmurs h‑mdzykms. Kbas sa vfus sfujbatmz cms utacasmr pfur rábcasmr udm grêkm fu ud cbat, vfus pfuvmz cm ebarm bu kfads udm jmurm pfur cms rbkfccar.

HMW EAO_MW ^F]_ CM X_BDWAX MX GFDX_M C‑FOÁWAXÁ MX CM HABOÊXM Bvmg cmur meemt rbssbsabdt mt oádáeaqum pfur cm trbdsat adtmstadbc, gms eaorms hakadumdt cm rasqum h‑foásatá mt hm haboêtm hm typm-?. Cms irbadms cms pcus ragjms md eaorms sfdt0  ‗ cms irbadms hm gjab (78,8 i hm eaorms pfur 2>> i)<  ‗ cms irbadms hm cad (?9,1 i/2>> i)<  ‗ cms irbadms hm sásbkm (28,1 i/2>> i). Cms eruats î gfqum cms pcus ragjms sfdt0  ‗ c‑bkbdhm gfkpcêtm (2?,5 i/2>> i, sfat mdvarfd 7,? i pfur udm pfrtafd hm ?> bkbdhms)<  ‗ cb pastbgjm (2>,5 i/2>> i).

 

]D AI OBW MX ]DM OFDDM XMDM]_ MD ^_FXÁADMW ^F]_  IB_HM_ CB CAIDM Cms irbadms mt cms dfax fdt trfas qubcatás adtármssbdtms pfur gmux qua vmucmdt ibrhmr cb caidm0  ‗ bvmg 25 î 7> i hm prftáadms pfur 2>> i, mccms bahmdt î kbätrasmr c‑bppátat<  ‗ mccms rmdemrkmdt pmu hm icugahms (gfddus pfur ebvfrasmr cb prasm hm pfahs)<  ‗ mccms prásmdtmdt ud adhmx icygákaqum obs. Î sbvfar sa vfus survmaccmz vftrm caidm0 kamux vbut iraidftmr hms gbgbjuêtms qum hms gjaps smcfd cms gfdgcusafds h‑udm átuhm bustrbcamddm pbrum hbds cb rmvum Bppmtatm.

]DM EF_XM HMDWAXÁ D]X_AXAFDDMCCM Cb hmdsatá dutratafddmccm mst ud adhagm gbcgucá md efdgtafd hm cb prásmdgm hm 28 dutrakmdts hbds c‑bcakmdt0 vatbkadms O2, O?, O7, O5, O1, O2?, vatbkadm G, vatbkadm B, gbcgauk, kbidásauk, pftbssauk, emr, zadg mt prftáadms. ^br  rbppfrt î udmtbcakmdt md «gbcframs vahms¼ ‗hms udmqubdtatás vamddfasmram pbr mxmkpcm  ‗, cms dfax irbadmsragjm fcábiadmusms bppfrtmdt gfdsáqumdtms hm

 

vatbkadms O2 (paidfds, pastbgjms, ibadms hm sásbkm mt hm gfurim), O? (irbadms hm gfurim), O7 (gbgbjuêtms), O5 (pastbgjms), O1 (dfasmttms), M (bkbdhms, dfasmttms), hm gbcgauk, kbidásauk, pjfspjfrm, pftbssauk, zadg, sácádauk mt hm emr.

Umaccmz î c‑áquacaorm hms irbassms Cms váiátbramds, md ebasbdt cb pbrt omccm bux fcábiadmux (eruats mt irbadms) badsa qu‑î cmurs juacms, mt md dm gfdsfkkbdt pbs hm pfassfds irbs, hfavmdt àtrm bttmdtaes î gm qum cmur bppfrt md bgahms irbs fkáib-5 dm sfat pbs trfp ácmvá pbr  rbppfrt î gmcua md fkáib-7. ]d bppfrt mxgmssae md fkáib-5 ebvfrasm md meemt c‑adecbkkbtafd mt ráhuat cm oádáeagm hms fkáib-7 (bdta-adecbkkbtfarms).

Î ^_AUACÁIAM_ 

 

Cms sfurgms h‑fkáib-70 juacms hm gfczb mt hm gbkmcadm, irbadms mt juacms hm dfax, hm cad, hm gjbdvrm, irbadms hm gjab, bciums, pfurpamr, kïgjm…

Î ÁUAXM_  Cms juacms trfp ragjms md fkáib-50 tfurdmsfc, pápads hm rbasads, kbæs…

MD ^_BXAR]M ^fur guasadmr, smucmkmdt hmux juacms sfdt efdhbkmdtbcms sa c‑fd vmut bvfar ud bppfrt md irbassms áquacaorá0 c‑juacm hm gfczb (pfur c‑bssbasfddmkmdt hms pcbts gjbuhs fu erfahs) mt c‑juacm h‑fcavm (pfur cb guassfd mt c‑bssbasfddmkmdt). C‑juacm hm gfgf mst pbrtagucaêrmkmdt bhbptám bux guassfds î jbutm tmkpárbturm. Gfkkm c‑juacm hm gfprbj, mccm rmdemrkm hms bgahms irbs sbturás hats «î gjbädms kfymddms¼ qua rmgfkkbdhm sfdt três utacms hbds cms ráiakms (pbuvrms md icugahms) qum c‑fd pfur trbatmr gmrtbadmsgátfiêdms kbcbhams (ápacmpsam, gbdgmrs, kbcbhams dmurfháiádárbtavms…) fu pfur pmrhrm hu pfahs. Fd hat qu‑ac ebut sm káeamr hms irbassms sbturáms, kbas ac d‑mxastm pbs hm  prmuvm qum c‑juacm hm gfgf ebvfrasm cms kbcbhams gbrhaf-vbsgucbarms. ^br  mxmkpcm, g‑mst c‑juacm gfdsfkkám kb`fratbarmkmdt md Xjbæcbdhm, fñ c‑adgahmdgm hm gms kbcbhams mst cb trfasaêkm pcus ebaocm h‑Bsam hu Wuh-Mst. Cb satubtafd mst sakacbarm bu Wra Cbdlb.

Rumcqums rmpêrms hm gfdsfkkbtafd pfur udm bcakmdtbtafd váibdm áquacaorám Cáiukms0 = î 2> pfrtafds/`fur hfdt cáiukms «emuaccms¼0 7 î : pfrtafds/`fur  sfat 7>>-:>> i (jfkkms)/?8>-58> i (emkkms) Eruats0 ? î 8 pfrtafds/`fur sfat 7>>-5>> i (jfkkms)/?8>-8:> i (emkkms) Gárábcms gfkpcêtms0 ? î 5 pfrtafds/`fur

 

sfat 1>-?9> i hm pbad fu 2?=-79= i hm pïtms (hm ocá, guatms) fu ?>>-5>> i hm kaccmt/raz/quadfb (guats) pfur cms jfkkms fu 9>-?2> i hm pbad fu 2>>-7>> i hm pïtms (hm ocá, guatms) fu 25>-8:> i hm kaccmt/raz/quadfb (guats) pfur cms emkkms

Cáiukadmusms0 ? î 9 pfrtafds/`fur sfat ?>>-:>> i (jfkkms)/25>-9>> i (emkkms) Fcábiadmux0 ? î 5 pfrtafds/`fur sfat 7>-1> i (jfkkms)/?=-9> i (emkkms) Kbtaêrms irbssms b`futáms0 ?>-5> i/`fur

 

mttmz cms supmrbcakmdts î c‑jfddmur 

 

ms irbadms hm gjab ^cus pmtatms qum cms irbadms hm sásbkm, tbdtøt orudms, tbdtøt omaims, cms irbadms hm «gjab¼ fu «lab¼ prfvamddmdt hu Kmxaqum mt efdt pbrtam hm cb kàkm ebkaccm qum cb sbuim. Mccms gfdtamddmdt hms irbassms hm qubcatá ‗ dftbkkmdt hms fkáib-7 ofds pfurhucmemr, gŗur cm gmrvmbu hm cmur pfahs) ‗, hms prftáadms (?7%), hms eaorms, humtgbcgauk mt hu(2=% kbidásauk. Gfdsfkkáms sêgjms, md md-gbs, mccms fdt ud meemt rbssbsabdt. Cfrsqu‑fd ebat trmkpmr cms irbadms hm gjab udm trmdtbadm hm kadutms hbds hm c‑mbu, hu cbat fu hu `us hm eruats, mccms ifdecmdt mt prmddmdt udm gfdsastbdgm icubdtm gm qua gfdstatum, pfur cms váiátbcamds, ud ofd suostatut tmgjdaqum bux ŗues. Bttmdtafd! ^cus vfus cms cbassmz ifdecmr mt pcus mccms bosfromdt cm caquahm hbds cmqumc mccms sm trfuvmdt, gm qua vb h‑bofrh c‑ápbassar, puas cm iácaeamr. Mccms pmuvmdt àtrm pbrsmkáms sêgjms sur hms sbcbhms fu àtrm adgfrpfráms î hms gblms, hms skfftjams fu hms 59). ). grêkms (carm rmgmttm p. rmgmttm p. 59

b gbddmccm Gmttm ágfrgm î cb sbvmur sugrám, ïgrm mt orücbdtm ebat pbrtam hms ápagms cms pcus bdtafxyhbdtms0 mccm gfdtraoum hfdg î prftáimr dfs gmccucms gfdtrm cm vamaccassmkmdt. Adtáirám hbds cms hmssmrts, cb gbddmccm pmut pmrkmttrm hm rmkpcbgmr udm pbrtam hu sugrm sa c‑fd gjmrgjm î sm hásjboatumr hm gmttm sbvmur. Adhákfhbocm, mccm vb bvmg tfut. G‑mst h‑baccmurs c‑udm hm kms ápagms práeáráms  pfur sb sbvmur. Mccm sm kbram três ooamd amd bvmg cms eruats guats, cms hmssmrts ffuu cms  oasguats kbasfd, kbas ebat bussa kmrvmaccm hbds gmrtbads pcbts pcbts sbcás.

‑bébæ  Gm eruat kytjaqum bu ifüt cáiêrmkmdt gbgbftá, fraiadbarm h‑Bkbzfdam, hfat sb gfucmur kbuvm î hms paikmdts hm cb ebkaccm hms pfcypjádfcs bppmcás bdtjfgybdadms mt prfbdtjfgybdadms. Gms suostbdgms bdtafxyhbdtms sfdt gbpbocms hm dmutrbcasmr cms rbhagbux caorms, hms suostbdgms iádáráms dbturmccmkmdt pbr c‑fribdaskm qua mdhfkkbimdt cms gmccucms md cms ebasbdt vamaccar. Cms prfpraátás bdtafxyhbdtms mxgmptafddmccms hm c‑bébæ smrbamdt caáms bussa îeruat sb ofddm tmdmurbvfar md vatbkadm M. Hms suiiêrmdt qum gm  pmtat pfurrbat áibcmkmdt hmsátuhms vmrtusrágmdtms bdta-adecbkkbtfarms mt

 

bdtagbdgmr. @m vfus gfdsmaccm hm cm gfdsfkkmr md pmtatm qubdtatá, gbr sfd mkprmadtm ágfcfiaqum d‑mst pbs dmutrm.

ms gjfux

 

Gjfux hm Oruxmccms, orfgfca, gjfu-ecmur, gjfu gjadfas, gjfu pfkká… káratmdt, gfkkm cms butrms grugaeêrms (dbvmts, rbhas, grmssfd…), hm ebarm  pbrtam hm vftrm bcakmdtbtafd î pcusamurs tatrms0  ‗ acs gfdtamddmdt hms suostbdgms bdtafxyhbdtms bppmcáms asftjafgybdbtms qua, caoáráms cfrs hm cb kbstagbtafd, feermdt udm prftmgtafd gfdtrm cm gbdgmr<  ‗ cmur gbcgauk mst pbrtagucaêrmkmdt oamd bssakacá, hbds hms prfpfrtafds bccbdt hm 8> î 5>% (gfdtrm smucmkmdt 7>% pfur cm cbat)<  ‗ cmur hmdsatá dutratafddmccm mst ácmvám (vatbkadms, kadárbux, bdtafxyhbdts) bdtafxyhbdts) mt cmur hmdsatá gbcfraqum mst ebaocm (ahábcm sa fd gjmrgjm î gfdtrøcmr sfd  pfahs). ^fur tarmr cm kmaccmur pbrta hms gjfux, kamux vbut cms gfdsfkkmr grus fu cáiêrmkmdt guats, bc hmdtm. Kmdtafd spágabcm pfur cm gjfu lbcm, sfurgm akpfrtbdtm hm vatbkadm G, hm oàtb-gbrftêdm, h‑bdtafxyhbdts (ecbvfdfæhms,  pfcypjádfcs), hm lmkpeárfc (bdta-cm emr, cm gbcgauk, cm zadgadecbkkbtfarm, bdtakagrfoamddm, bdtagbdgmr, prftmgtragm hu gŗur mt hu gmrvmbu) mt hm vatbkadm L.

ms irbadms imrkáms ^cusamurs rbasfds hm cms adtáirmr î vftrm quftahamd. H‑bofrh cb imrkadbtafd supprakm udm pbrtam hms ebgtmurs bdtadutratafddmcs hms irbadms (gfkkm c‑bgahm  pjytaqum qua rmtamdt cm emr, cm gbcgauk, cm zadg…) mt pmrkmt bux mdzykms  prásmdtms hm «práhaiármr¼ cms prftáadms gm qua bkácafrm cmur haimstaoacatá. Mdsuatm, cmsh‑bdtafxyhbdts. irbadms imrkáms]dm rmprásmdtmdt hm ofddms hm vatbkadms G, L mt O mt átuhm b kfdtrá qumsfurgms c‑bgtavatá bdtafxyhbdtm icfobcm hms cmdtaccms imrkáms mst supáramurm î gmccm hms cmdtaccms dfd imrkáms. Wmcfd cb dbturm hms irbadms, fd trfuvm hms gfdgmdtrbtafds adtármssbdtms md kbidásauk, gbcgauk, pftbssauk… ^br mxmkpcm, udm pfrtafd hm irbadms imrkáms hm rbhas (7: i) bppfrtm 22,5 ki md kbidásauk, sfat cb kàkm qubdtatá qu‑udm pfrtafd hm 2>> i hm rbhas grus. ^bs kbc!

‑bvfgbt 

 

Efdhbdt gfkkm cm omurrm, kbas md kmaccmur! Ac mst ragjm md bgahms irbs kfdfadsbturás (ahmdtaqums î gmux hm c‑juacm h‑fcavm) oádáeaqums pfur cb sbdtá gbrhaf-vbsgucbarm. Ac gfdtamdt áibcmkmdt hm dfkormux bdtafxyhbdts, hms eaorms mt hm cb vatbkadm L. Irïgm î sfd adhmx icygákaqum pbrtagucaêrmkmdt obs, ac mst  pbrebat pfur gmux qua gjmrgjmdt î ibrhmr cb caidm.

m kbtgjb G‑mst udm pfuhrm hm emuaccms hm tjá vmrt utacasám bu @bpfd pfur cb prápbrbtafd h‑udm ofassfd três rbeeadám. ^cusamurs átuhms fdt kfdtrá qum cm kbtgjb gfdtamdt hms suostbdgms bdtagbdgmr, dftbkkmdt c‑ápaibccfgbtágjadm ibccbtm mt cb qumrgátadm qua sfdt susgmptaocms h‑mkpàgjmr cb kuctapcagbtafd hm gmccucms gbdgármusms. ]dm butrm átuhm b kas md ávahmdgm cms meemts bdtastrmss h‑ud butrm hm sms gfkpfsás, cb tjábdadm. Cm kbtgjb d‑b pbs hu tfut cm ifüt hu tjá vmrt smdgjb, mdgfrm kfads@‑bhfrm hu tjásfdvmrt smrva dfkormux rmstburbdts bsabtaqums. ifütbuhm `bskad gfssms hm pmtathbds pfas, hm hm vmrt gru mt cb smdsbtafd bstradimdtm qu‑ac cbassm sur cb cbdium. Ac sm kácbdim pbrebatmkmdt bux sbvmurs sugráms, h‑fñ sfd utacasbtafd eráqumdtm md pïtassmram.

b sparucadm Cb sparucadm mst udm bcium ocmu-vmrt vmdhum sêgjm, md pfuhrm, fu sfus efrkm hm gfkpcákmdt bcakmdtbarm. Mccm mst pbrtagucaêrmkmdt adtármssbdtm pfur sb tmdmur md prftáadms hm qubcatá (5>% hm sfd pfahs), md emr mt md kbidásauk. Mccm b hms vmrtus akkudfstakucbdtms, kbas bussa bdtafxyhbdtms qubdh mccm mst bssfgaám î hu zadg mt î hms eruats ragjms md vatbkadm G. Mccm mst utacm bux spfrtaes qua hásarmdt bkácafrmr cmurs pmrefrkbdgms mt ráhuarm cms hfucmurs caáms bux mxmrgagms. Md rmvbdgjm, kbcirá gm qum c‑fd mdtmdh sfuvmdt, mccm dm gfdtamdt pmu fu pbs hm vatbkadm O2?, md tfut gbs hbds udm efrkm qua d‑mst pbs bssakacám pbr c‑fribdaskm. Wa vfus dm kbdimz bugud prfhuat bdakbc, prmdmz ud gfkpcákmdt hm vatbkadm O2?.

 

Rubtrm aháms rméums sur c‑bcakmdtbtafd váibdm

 

Ombugfup hm ebussms adefrkbtafds gargucmdt sur cms rasqums qum c‑fd mdgfurt md dm gfdsfkkbdt pbs hm prfhuats bdakbux. Md rábcatá, dfus haspfsfds bu`furh‑jua hm hfddáms três gcbarms kfdtrbdt qu‑udm bcakmdtbtafd váiátbramddm fu váiátbcamddm mst md gbpbgatá h‑bppfrtmr î c‑fribdaskm tfut gm hfdt ac b omsfad pfur oamd efdgtafddmr. Ufaga qumcqums briukmdts pfur ebarm tbarm iradgjmux mt sgmptaqums. «X] UBW KBDR]M_ HM ^_FXÁADMW!¼ EB]Z Gfdtrbarmkmdt î udm ahám mdgfrm três rápbdhum, cms prfhuats bdakbux dm sfdt  pbs ‗ mt hm cfad! ‗ cms smucms sfurgms hm prftáadms. Hm dfkormux váiátbux fdt hms tmdmurs bussa ácmváms, vfarm pcus ácmváms, qum cms prfhuats bdakbux. Bvmg ?= i hm prftáadms pfur 2>> i, cms brbgjahms gfdtamddmdt pbr mxmkpcm pcus hm  prftáadms qum c‑ŗue fu cm sbukfd (rmspmgtavmkmdt 27 mt ?> i hm prftáadms  pfur 2>> i). Ufar tbocmbu p. tbocmbu p. ?2. ?2. Fd mdtmdh áibcmkmdt sfuvmdt harm qum cms prftáadms váiátbcms sfdt hm kfads  ofddm qubcatá. Cms pcus bvmrtas vfus rápfdhrfdt qu‑ac sueeat h‑bssfgamr hbds sfd bssamttm udm cáiukadmusm mt udm gárábcm pfur bvfar hms prftáadms  pbrebatmkmdt áquacaoráms. Kbas ac y b hu dfuvmbu! Cms átuhms rágmdtms kfdtrmdt qum pfur bvfar hms bppfrts md prftáadms md qubcatá mt md qubdtatá sueeasbdtm, ac sueeat hm vbramr bu kbxakuk cms sfurgms hm prftáadms váiátbcms (carm p. (carm ?>).  p. ?>).

«X] UBW KBDR]M_ HM GBCGA]K!¼ EB]Z Ac ebut h‑bofrh sbvfar qum cm kbdqum hm gbcgauk d‑mst pbs ud prfocêkm hm sbdtá puocaqum md Erbdgm. Mdsuatm, qum cm cbat mt cms prfhuats cbatamrs d‑md sfdt  pbs cms smucms sfurgms… hm cfad! ^br mxmkpcm, tfutms cms vbraátás hm gjfux, dftbkkmdt cm gjfu gjadfas, sfdt hms ofddms sfurgms hm gbcgauk, mt gm hmrdamr  mst pbrtagucaêrmkmdt oamd bssakacá. Ahmk pfur cm sf`b, cms jbragfts ocbdgs fu cms mbux kadárbcms gfkkm Uattmc© fu Obhfat©. Mdead, ac ebut sbvfar qum cfrsqum c‑fd b udm bcakmdtbtafd ragjm md eruats mt md cáiukms, fd b hms bppfrts gfdsáqumdts md pftbssauk, fr gm kadárbc bahm î eaxmr cm gbcgauk. Cm kfdhm mst qubdh kàkm oamd ebat, dfd6 ^mdsmz h‑baccmurs bu ebat qum g‑mst hbds cms pbys qua gfdsfkkmdt cms pcus irfssms qubdtatás hm

 

cbat qum cb eráqumdgm hms erbgturms mst cb pcus ácmvám. Mt qum hbds cb pcupbrt hms pbys bsabtaqums qua dm gfdsfkkmdt pbs hm prfhuats cbatamrs, c‑fstáfpfrfsm d‑mst bosfcukmdt pbs ud prfocêkm hm sbdtá puocaqum.

«X] UBW KBDR]M_ HM EM_!¼ EB]Z Fd hat qum cb vabdhm mst cb kmaccmurm sfurgm hm emr, gbr gm hmrdamr mst prásmdt sfus udm efrkm (emr jákadaqum) kamux bosfroám qum cm emr h‑fraiadm váiátbcm (emr dfd jákadaqum). ^furtbdt, pcusamurs átuhms fdt kfdtrá qum cms pmrsfddms bybdt udm bcakmdtbtafd váiátbramddm fu váibdm bvbamdt md kfymddm hms tbux hm emr tfut î ebat sbtasebasbdts. Gfkkmdt mxpcaqumr gm pbrbhfxm6 Md ebat, ac smkocmrbat qum cms váiátbramds, md gfdsfkkbdt ombugfup hm eruats mt hm cáiukms, fdt hms bppfrts md vatbkadm G akpfrtbdts< fr cb vatbkadm G mst gfddum pfur bkácafrmr c‑bosfrptafd hu emr. Cms emkkms váibdms `mudms fdt md rmvbdgjm ud rasqum cáiêrmkmdt supáramur  bux butrms h‑bvfar udm gbrmdgm md emr. Hbds gm gbs, ac sueeat hm kbdimr  hbvbdtbim h‑bcakmdts ragjms md vatbkadm G (pmrsac, pfavrfds, erbasms, birukms…), fu oamd prmdhrm ud gfkpcákmdt md emr váiátbc oafhaspfdaocm (gfkkm cb sparucadm pbr mxmkpcm).

«X] UBW KBDR]M_ HM UAXBKADM O2? MX HM PADG!¼ EB]Z Cb vatbkadm O2? mst bppfrtám, g‑mst vrba, mssmdtamccmkmdt pbr cms bcakmdts h‑fraiadm bdakbcm. @m dm vbas Ac hfdg pbs vfus kmdtar0 c‑bcakmdtbtafd váibdm d‑md efurdat pbs sueeasbkkmdt. mst adhaspmdsbocm hm prmdhrm ud gfkpcákmdt bcakmdtbarm mt sa pfssaocm hm survmaccmr ráiucaêrmkmdt vftrm tbux sbdiuad (prasm hm sbdi). Wa vfus dm cm ebatms pbs, vfus rasqumz h‑àtrm gbrmdgá mt hm prásmdtmr  hms sykptøkms tmcs qum cbssatuhm, ebtaium, bkbairassmkmdt, prfocêkms gfidataes (gms saidms pmuvmdt kmttrm pcusamurs kfas î s‑adstbccmr). Md prmdbdt ráiucaêrmkmdt vftrm gfkpcákmdtbtafd, vfs rasqums smrfdt ráhuats î zárf< gm dm smrb hfdg pcus ud su`mt hm práfggupbtafd. Cms bppfrts md zadg sfdt áibcmkmdt ráhuats qubdh fd mst váiátbramd puasqum cms kmaccmurms sfurgms sfdt cms prfhuats bdakbux< fd sbat gmpmdhbdt bu`furh‑jua qu‑md vmaccbdt î oamd vbramr cms bcakmdts sfurgms hm prftáadms

 

váiátbcms (sf`b, cáiukadmusms, irbadms hm gfurim, brbgjahms…), fd ráhuat efrtmkmdt sfd rasqum hm gbrmdgm.

 

 

 

Cbat, ŗue mt ocá0 ac pbrbät akpfssaocm, î prmkaêrm vum, hm sm pbssmr gfkpcêtmkmdt hm gms trfas adiráhamdts tbdt acs sfdt prásmdts hbds dftrm gucturm mt hm dfs trbhatafds gucadbarms. ^furtbdt, ebarm sbds mux mst cbrimkmdt pfssaocm, mt gfdstatum c‑fggbsafd hm hágfuvrar hm dfuvmbux bcakmdts mt udm butrm kbdaêrm hm guasadmr! Wuavmz cm iuahm.

br qufa rmkpcbgmr cm cbat, cm omurrm mt cb grêkm6 Cm cbat mt cms prfhuats cbatamrs sfdt hms adiráhamdts pbrtagucaêrmkmdt utacms md guasadm. Acs sfdt udm obsm ahábcm pfur cb gfdemgtafd hm sbugms, hm ecbds, hm irbtads, hm ibcmttms, mtg. Jmurmusmkmdt, fd trfuvm bu`furh‑jua hm dfkormux suostatuts váiátbux. Cb pcupbrt hu tmkps, sa cb rmgmttm rmquamrt hu cbat, suostatumz-y sakpcmkmdt cb kàkm qubdtatá hm ofassfd váiátbcm, gfkkm hu «cbat¼ hm sf`b fu h‑bkbdhm. Cb kàkm rêicm s‑bppcaqum bux ybfurts, î cb grêkm ápbassm mt bu omurrm0 ac sueeat hm cms rmkpcbgmr pbr cb kàkm qubdtatá hm suostatut váiátbc.

CMW W]OWXAX]XW H] CBAX Cms «cbats¼ váiátbux hu gfkkmrgm C‑bppmccbtafd «cbat¼ mst adtmrhatm pfur cms prfhuats î obsm hm váiátbux mt, hbds cm gfkkmrgm, fd pbrcm pcutøt hm «ofassfd váiátbcm¼ (hm sf`b, h‑bkbdhm, hm raz, h‑bvfadm, hm gfgf, hm dfasmttm…). Acs sfdt iádárbcmkmdt vmdhus md  oraqums cfdium gfdsmrvbtafd mt s‑utacasmdt mxbgtmkmdt gfkkmdt hms cbats bdakbux. Cb pcupbrt sm gfdsmrvmdt mdtrm 9 mt 2> `furs bprês fuvmrturm, î gfdhatafd hm cms ibrhmr bu ráeraiárbtmur. Cm «cbat¼ hm sf`b mst cm pcus rápbdhu hbds cb irbdhm hastraoutafd. Gjfasassmzcm oaf mt gfkpfsá udaqumkmdt hm sf`b dfd FIK mt h‑mbu. Cms cbats hm sf`b dm sfdt pbs tfus áquavbcmdts, casmz oamd cms átaqumttms pfur ávatmr cms prfhuats gfdtmdbdt hu sugrm b`futá, hms pjfspjbtms, hms brøkms, hms stboacasbdts…

 

Cm «cbat¼ hm gfgf  gfdtamdt sfuvmdt kfads h‑bhhataes qum h‑butrms cbats váiátbux gfkkm cm cbat h‑bkbdhm fu hm dfasmttm hm cb irbdhm hastraoutafd. Ac bppfrtm udm hakmdsafd grákmusm mt sbvfurmusm bux hmssmrts gfkkm bux pcbts sbcás. Cm «cbat¼ hm raz  b c‑bvbdtbim h‑àtrm hápfurvu hm cb pcupbrt hms bccmriêdms, kbas cms prfhuats vmdhus md supmrkbrgjás gfdtamddmdt sfuvmdt hm c‑juacm hm tfurdmsfc, hms brøkms mt hms ápbassassbdts. Kfads ápbas qum cms butrms cbats váiátbux, ac dm sm gfkpfrtm pbs gfkkm hu cbat hm vbgjm. ^fur ud rásuctbt ragjm mt grákmux, práeármz-cua cm cbat hm gfgf fu hm sf`b. Md rmvbdgjm, cb sbvmur sugrám hu cbat hm raz sm pràtm oamd î gmrtbadms pïtassmrams, badsa qu‑î sb gfdsfkkbtafd harmgtm. Cm «cbat¼ h‑bkbdhm  mst sbvfurmux, kbas sfuvmdt pbuvrm md bkbdhms mt ápbassa bvmg hm c‑bkahfd mt hms irbadms hm gbrfuom. Î utacasmr bvmg  pbrgakfdam.

Eboraqumz vftrm prfprm cbat váiátbc Xrfuvmr hms ofassfds váiátbcms pbs trfp gjbriáms md bhhataes d‑mst pbs udm kadgm beebarm, dfus vmdfds hm cm vfar. Wbds gfkptmr qum gms prfhuats sfdt rmcbtavmkmdt gjmrs. @m vfus gfdsmaccm hfdg hm cms eboraqumr vfus-kàkm. Badsa, vfus sburmz mxbgtmkmdt gm qu‑ac y b hmhbds mt h‑fñ sfdt assus cms adiráhamdts. Ac d‑mst kàkm pbs dágmssbarm hm haspfsmr h‑ud áquapmkmdt gfütmux0 vftrm  ocmdhmr emrb c‑beebarm. Xfut gm qu‑ac vfus ebuhrb md pcus, g‑mst udm átbkadm. Ufus trfuvmrmz md  pbim 8> 8>   cb rmgmttm hu cbat váiátbc pfur eboraqumr hms  ofassfds hm dfasmttm, h‑bkbdhm, hm dfax hm gb`fu…

CMW W]OWXAX]XW H] OM]__M Cb kbribradm mst ud ofd suostatut hu omurrm hbds cms iïtmbux fu cms pcbts bu efur. Md rêicm iádárbcm, fd rmkpcbgm ?>> i hm omurrm pbr 2=> i hm kbribradm. @m vfus gfdsmaccm h‑ávatmr cms kbribradms î obsm h‑juacm hm tfurdmsfc (prfadecbkkbtfarm) mt/fu gfdtmdbdt hms bkahfds fu hm cb pfuhrm hm cbat qua sfdt hm kbuvbasm qubcatá. Cb kbribradm Wt Juomrt Oaf ©  mst eboraquám î obsm h‑juacms hm gfczb, hm gfgf mt hm lbratá, mt dm gfdtamdt bugud prfhuat cbatamr.

 

CMW W]OWXAX]XW HM G_ÊKM Cms bahms gucadbarms Ru‑mccms sfamdt hm sf`b, h‑bvfadm, hm raz fu h‑bkbdhm, cms grêkms váiátbcms hu gfkkmrgm sfdt tfutms efrkucáms hm cb kàkm ebéfd0 ud kácbdim h‑mbu mt h‑mxtrbat «irbadms¼hu(sf`b, bkbdhm, bvfadm, raz), irbssm c‑juacm hm hm tfurdmsfc), sugrm (sarfp hm ocá, hm raz, hm udm kbæs,kbtaêrm h‑bibvm, sugrm(hm hm gbddm…), havmrs ápbassassbdts mt stboacasbdts (gbrfuom, xbdtjbdm, gbrrbijádbdm, iubr), ud ákucsaeabdt, hms brøkms mt hu smc. Kamux vbut hfdg dm pbs cms utacasmr tfus cms `furs. Wmuc  Bvfadm Guasadm  hm O`fri©  b udm gfkpfsatafd sakpcm mt gfdtamdt da ákucsaeabdt da sugrm da brøkm. Kbas kamux vbut c‑mdragjar md kbtaêrm irbssm (juacm h‑fcavm, hm gfczb…) pfur cua hfddmr hbvbdtbim h‑fdgtufsatá.

Cms grêkms mt cbats hm gfgf Umdhus md oraqumttms fu md ofätms hm gfdsmrvm, acs gfdtamddmdt iádárbcmkmdt kfads h‑bhhataes qum cms bahms gucadbarms typm sf`b guasadm. Wa vfus ebatms vfs gfursms md irbdhm surebgm, `m vfus gfdsmaccm gmux qua sfdt cms pcus ragjms md dfax hm gfgf mt rmdemrkmdt cm kfads h‑bhhataes0 Lbrb, @brhad Oaf.

Cms ybfurts hm sf`b Gmux hm cb kbrqum Wf`bhm© vmdhus md kbibsads oaf fdt dftrm práeármdgm, gbr  acs sfdt mxmkpts h‑bhhataes. Cms grêkms hmssmrt dbturm mt cms ybfurts hm sf`b  oaf hu supmrkbrgjá gfdtamddmdt gmrtms ud pmu h‑bkahfd, kbas pmuvmdt gfdvmdar áibcmkmdt. Cms puráms h‑fcábiadmux (bkbdhms, dfasmttms, dfax hm gb`fu…) Fd cms trfuvm hásfrkbas md supmrkbrgjá bu rbyfd haátátaqum fu oaf. Ufus  pfuvmz gfdemgtafddmr hms grêkms md kácbdimbdt qumcqums guaccêrms hm purám h‑fcábiadmux î hu cbat hm sf`b (Wf`b dbturm O`fri ©  fu Wf`b hu Wuh-Fumst dbturm Gárábc Oaf©) mt ud pmu h‑juacm Ecmur hm gfczb hm Cmsamur ©. Cm tfeu sfymux Umdhu udaqumkmdt md kbibsad oaf pfur c‑adstbdt, ac mst ahábc pfur rmkpcbgmr  cm kácbdim ŗues grêkm hbdsCb udmgrêkm quagjm fu udm Ac hfddm cb kàkm tmxturm mt bobttus ud ifüt dmutrm. ápbassm hm kfussm. sf`b cbgtfemrkmdtám

 

Wf`bka (vmdhum mccm bussa md kbibsad oaf) pmut s‑utacasmr md camu mt pcbgm hm cb grêkm erbägjm ápbassm. Ufs pbpaccms d‑y vmrrfdt qum hu emu! Ufus trfuvmrmz pcus cfad cms rmgmttms hm cb  _agfttb váibdm  mt hm cb Grêkm fumttám váibdm.  

 

CBAX UÁIÁXBC fur 2 catrm ?>> i h‑bkbdhms, hm dfasmttms, hm dfax hm gb`fu (fu d‑akpfrtm qumc fcábiadmux) 1>> kc h‑mbu kadárbcm (fu mbu hm gfgf) 2 hbttm hádfybutám (fu butrm eruat smg) 2 padgám hm smc

bguctbtae  2 padgám hm vbdaccm fu hms ápagms, hm cb sparucadm, ud mxtrbat hm ecmur h‑frbdimr  fu cm zmstm h‑udm frbdim…   ?8)) hbds ud sbcbhamr md Cb vmaccm, kmttmz cms fcábiadmux î trmkpmr (vfar p. (vfar  p. ?8 cms rmgfuvrbdt h‑mbu. Cm cmdhmkbad, radgmz-cms puas kaxmz-cms bvmg c‑mbu, cm smc mt cb hbttm usqu‑î gm qum cm caquahm sfat oamd ocbdg mt jfkfiêdm. G‑mst cm kfkmdt hm cbassmr pbrcmr vftrm grábtavatá md b`futbdt hm cb vbdaccm fu tfut butrm adiráhamdt hm vftrm gjfax. Kaxmz mdgfrm. ^bssmz cm kácbdim î c‑átbkadm bu-hmssus h‑ud orfg fu h‑udm gbrbem0  prmssmz oamd bead qum tfut cm caquahm sfat eactrá. Uftrm «cbat¼ váiátbc mst pràt!

 

mkbrqum Bprês bvfar pbssá vftrm ofassfd váiátbcm hbds c‑átbkadm, ac rmstm udm pmtatm  ofucm hm pucpm hm c‑fcábiadmux0 c‑flbrb. Gmttm pucpm bu ifüt dmutrm mst  pradgapbcmkmdt gfkpfsám hm eaorms mt pmut àtrm utacasám pfur hfddmr hu cabdt mt hu gfrps îcms vfsŗues prápbrbtafds0 ápbassar sfupm fuhfddmr udm sbugm caquahm, rmkpcbgmr hbds hms gblms fu udm hms kueeads, hm cbtrfp tmxturm bux ibcmttms hm gárábcms mt bux ourimrs váiátbux, rmkpcbgmr cms pfkkms hm tmrrm fu cb eágucm hbds hms grfqumttms, mtg. ^mrsfddmccmkmdt, `m c‑utacasm pfur hfddmr   ombugfup pcus hm kfmccmux mt hm efdhbdt î kms pïtassmrams. Wa vfus d‑utacasmz  pbs tfut hm suatm c‑flbrb bprês cb eboragbtafd hm vftrm cbat váiátbc, ebatms-cm ságjmr bu efur fu bu hásjyhrbtmur, fu oamd gfdimcmz-cm hbds ud pmtat sbgjmt  pcbstaqum jmrkátaqum.

 

 

 

_AGFXXB UÁIBDM fur 8>> i  8>> i tfeu sfymux 2>> i hm ybfurt bu sf`b dbturm 8 g. î s. hm `us hm gatrfd 2 g. î g. hm smc   Kácbdimz tfus cms adiráhamdts hbds ud sbcbhamr mt efumttmz cb prápbrbtafd. ^cbgmz udm átbkadm hbds ud gjadfas, vmrsmz-y vftrm prápbrbtafd mt prmssmzcb cáiêrmkmdt. Cbassmz áifuttmr tfutm udm duat bu erbas.  

 

G_ÊKM EF]MXXÁM UÁIBDM fur 8>> i  ?>> kc hm grêkm hm sf`b ?>> kc h‑juacm hm gfczb rbeeadám » g. î g. hm vbdaccm md pfuhrm fu hm eêvm tfdlb rïpám 2 g. î s. (fu pcus smcfd vftrm ifüt) hm sarfp h‑bibvm 2 g. î s. hm `us hm gatrfd erbägjmkmdt prmssá   Hbds ud ocmdhmr, kaxmz cb grêkm hm sf`b `usqu‑î gm qum hm pmtatms ouccms sm efrkmdt. B`futmz mdsuatm c‑juacm, cb vbdaccm fu cb eêvm tfdlb badsa qum cm sarfp h‑bibvm. Kaxmz î dfuvmbu qumcqums smgfdhms. Cfrsqum cb prápbrbtafd s‑ápbassat cáiêrmkmdt, b`futmz cm `us hm gatrfd. Kaxmz mdgfrm qumcqums smgfdhms, vftrm grêkm hfat hmvmdar três fdgtumusm. _ásmrvmz bu erbas bu kfads ? jmurms bvbdt utacasbtafd.  

 

br qufa rmkpcbgmr cms ŗues6 Md guasadm, cms ŗues sfdt três utacms. Acs pmrkmttmdt h‑ákucsaeamr, hm camr, hm ebarm cmvmr fu hm hfddmr hm cb gfdsastbdgm bux prápbrbtafds. Jmurmusmkmdt,  pcátjfrm h‑adiráhamdts váiátbux `fumdt pbrebatmkmdt gms røcms. Gfkkmdgmz  pbr hátmrkadmr cm dfkorm h‑ŗues hfdt vfus burmz omsfad mt cb efdgtafd qu‑acs hmvrfdt `fumr hbds cb prápbrbtafd. ^br mxmkpcm, sa vfus vfucmz fotmdar ud iïtmbu báramd mt kfmccmux, ud bimdt cmvbdt smrb dágmssbarm< cb rmgmttm trbhatafddmccm rmgfkkbdhm ? fu 7 ŗues pfur gm typm h‑usbim. Wa vfus hásarmz rábcasmr hms oasguats tmdhrms fu grfqubdts, vftrm suostatut hmvrb biar gfkkm cabdt fu gfkkm bimdt jukahm< hbds gms gbs, cb rmgmttm h‑fraiadm adhaqum cm  pcus sfuvmdt 2 ŗue. Hbds cms pcbts sbcás, gfkkm cms idfggjas fu hms  ofucmttms, cms ŗues smrvmdt hm cabdt, 2 ŗue sueearb áibcmkmdt.

C‑bibr-bibr Wa vfus bvmz smucmkmdt omsfad hm ocbdg h‑ŗue hbds udm rmgmttm, ebatms hassfuhrm 2 g. î s. hm pfuhrm h‑bibr-bibr hbds 2 g. î s. h‑mbu. Efumttmz, ebatms rmerfahar bu ráeraiárbtmur, puas rmhfddmz ud gfup hm efumt. ]d ecbd fu udm quagjm sbds ŗue da cbat6 Ebgacm! Ac mxastm ud kfymd três sakpcm hm rmkpcbgmr cm kácbdim cbat-ŗue-grêkm utacasá pfur   prápbrmr hms quagjms fu hms ecbds sbcás mt sugrás. Ac sueearb mdsuatm h‑b`futmr pfarmbux, gjbkpaidfds, eruats, mtg. Umrsafd sbcám0 2>> i hm ebradm hm pfas gjagjm + 2= i hm cmvurm kbctám + 2 g. î s. hm kfutbrhm + 5>> kc h‑mbu + smc mt pfavrm. Umrsafd sugrám0 57> kc hm cbat hm sf`b + 7> i hm eágucm hm kbæs + 5> i hm sugrm hm gbddm gfkpcmt + 2 padgám hm smc ead. Kácbdimz vaifurmusmkmdt tfus cms adiráhamdts pfur fotmdar udm tmxturm jfkfiêdm. Xrbdseármr hbds udm irbdhm gbssmrfcm mt ebarm guarm î emu kfymd î vae `usqu‑î ápbassassmkmdt. B`futmz cms adiráhamdts hm ibrdaturm mt mdefurdmz vftrm pcbt fu cbassmz rmpfsmr udm duat bu erbas.

 

Cms obdbdms Ágrbsmz cb kfataá h‑udm obdbdm kürm pfur fotmdar mdvarfd 5> i hm ofuaccam qua rmkpcbgmrfdt 2 ŗue. Î pravacáiamr pfur hms rmgmttms hm iïtmbux, hm  oasguats, hm kueeads. Bttmdtafd0 ac ebut bakmr cm ifüt hm cb obdbdm, qua burb tmdhbdgm î práhfkadmr. Cms puráms h‑fcábiadmux Hacumz 2 g. î g. hm purám h‑fcábiadmux hbds 5> kc hm ofassfd váiátbcm. Ahábc  pfur cms oasguats. Ebatms bttmdtafd bux puráms hfdt cm ifüt mst prfdfdgá (gbgbjuêtm pbr mxmkpcm), gbr ac pmut hmvmdar práhfkadbdt. Cb gfkpftm hm pfkkm ]tacasmz sakpcmkmdt 5> i hm gfkpftm hm pfkkm sbds sugrm pfur gjbqum ŗu adhaquá hbds cb rmgmttm. Gmttm sfcutafd mst ahábcm pfur cms iïtmbux, cms oasguats kfmccmux fu cms kueeads. Cm ifüt hm cb pfkkm dm smrb pbs trfp prásmdt. ^fur  udm tmxturm pcus cáiêrm, b`futmz udm » g. î g. hm cmvurm gjakaqum. Cms eruats smgs Hbds udm gbssmrfcm, kmttmz md prfpfrtafds áibcms hms eruats smgs (prudmbux fu hbttms hádfybutáms) mt hm c‑mbu. Ebatms erákar pmdhbdt 2= kadutms puas pbssmz bu kaxmur. ]tacasmz mdvarfd 9> i hm kácbdim pfur gjbqum ŗue î rmkpcbgmr  hbds cb rmgmttm. Cms irbadms hm cad ^fur h‑ud ŗue ?,= g.hmvamdhrb î s. hm irbadmsc‑áquavbcmdt hm cad kfucums bvmgobttu, 7 g. îkácbdimz s. h‑mbu ádmriaqumkmdt taêhm. Cm kácbdim iácbtadmux mt hfddmrb ud pmtat ifüt hm dfax î vftrm prápbrbtafd.

C‑juacm Kácbdimz 2 g. î g. h‑juacm bu ifüt pmu kbrquá bvmg 5> kc hm ofassfd váiátbcm. Gm suostatut efdgtafddm oamd pfur cms oasguats. Cm cbat hm gfgf Gfkptmz 5> kc hm cbat hm gfgf pfur 2 ŗue. Cm irbs dbturmccmkmdt prásmdt hbds cm cbat hm gfgf rmkpcbgm oamd gmcua hm c‑ŗue. Kbas bttmdtafd, cb sbvmur hm dfax hm gfgf smrb prásmdtm hbds cb rmgmttm.

 

Flbrb fu pucpm hm cbat váiátbc 8>). ). Gfdsmrvmz cm rásahu cbassá pbr cb prápbrbtafd hm vfs cbats váiátbux (carm p. (carm p. 8> ^fur rmkpcbgmr 2 ŗue obttu, b`futmz 8= i hm gmttm pucpm bux adiráhamdts caquahms hm cb rmgmttm mt kácbdimz bu kaxmur. Cáiukms rïpás fu md purám Cms puráms hm pftarfd, hm gbrfttm mt hm pbtbtm hfugm sfdt pbrtagucaêrmkmdt bhbptáms pfur rmkpcbgmr c‑ŗue, î rbasfd hm 5> i pfur 2 ŗue hbds cms rmgmttms hm iïtmbux fu hm kueeads. Cm tfeu ^fur c‑áquavbcmdt hm 2 ŗue obttu, utacasmz 5> i hm tfeu sfymux. Gmttm sfcutafd gfdvamdt bux kueeads mt bux iïtmbux, gbr cm tfeu hfddm udm tmxturm pcus kfmccmusm. Cm tfeu sfymux pmut áibcmkmdt àtrm ud suostatut pfur cms bppbrmacs î quagjm< ac sueeat hm c‑bhhatafddmr h‑ud pmu hm ebradm fu hm eágucm.

 

 

 

KBQFDDBAWM UÁIBDM fur ud ofc  2 ifussm h‑bac pmcám mt háimrkám 8>> i hm tfeu sfymux 8 g. î g. hm kfutbrhm hfugm 2 g. î s. h‑juacm h‑fcavm 2 g. î s. hm vadbairm hm gahrm 2 padgám hm pbpralb 2 padgám hm smc mt hm pfavrm   Hbds cm ofc h‑ud ocmdhmr, kaxmz tfus cms adiráhamdts mdsmkocm. Gfdsmrvmz cb prápbrbtafd bu erbas.  

 

br qufa rmkpcbgmr cm ocá, c‑frim, cm smaicm, c‑bvfadm…6 Guasadmr sbds icutmd mst três sakpcm… tbdt qu‑ac s‑biat hm prápbrbtafds sbds ebradm gfkkm cms pcbts î obsm hm cáiukms, eruats, cáiukadmusms, kbæs, raz,  pfkkms hm tmrrm, mtg.! Gbr hês qu‑ac s‑biat hm pïtassmram, g‑mst udm butrm jastfarm! Md ebat, pfur ebarm hms iïtmbux sbds icutmd, fd hfat focaibtfarmkmdt utacasmr  h‑butrms ebradms qum gmccms hm smaicm, h‑bvfadm, hm ocá fu h‑frim. Ac vb hfdg ebccfar trbdsefrkmr vftrm guasadm md cbofrbtfarm mt tmstmr hms kácbdims0 pfur  fotmdar cb grfütm pbrebatm, cb ofddm tmxturm, cm ifüt rmgjmrgjá, mtg. @m vbas vfus iuahmr, kbas ac ebuhrb `fumr bu sbvbdt efu hm tmkps md tmkps. ^bs hm pbdaqum, g‑mst três bkusbdt, mt pcus vfus prbtaqumrmz, pcus cms rásuctbts smrfdt sbtasebasbdts mt ebgacms î rmprfhuarm.

Ebradm hm pfas gjagjm Gmttm ebradm `budm pïcm, rápbdhum md Framdt, mst oamd pfurvum md prftáadms váiátbcms mt md eaorms. Xrês ecuahm mt hfdg três ebgacm î trbvbaccmr, mccm s‑utacasmrb basákmdt hbds cms pïtassmrams, kbas bussa hbds hms prápbrbtafds sbcáms. Ebradm hm raz ^mu fdármusm mt três haimstm, mccm mst pbrebatm pfur cms adtmstads gbpragamux. Wa mccm ebat pbrtam hms ebradms cms pcus gfurbkkmdt utacasáms hbds cb guasadm sbds icutmd, g‑mst pbrgm qu‑mccm b ud ifüt três dmutrm. Ac mxastm trfas sfrtms hm ebradms hm raz0 cb ocbdgjm (rbeeadám, hfdg eadm mt cáiêrm), cb smka-gfkpcêtm (cáiêrm, kbas pcus hmdsm md dutrakmdts) mt cb gfkpcêtm (cb pcus adtármssbdtm dutratafddmccmkmdt pbrcbdt, bvmg ud cáimr ifüt hm dfasmttm md prakm). Fd pmut mkpcfymr cms ebradms hm raz purms, pfur ápbassar udm sbugm, ud pftbim, fu md gjbpmcurm pfur pbdmr hms bcakmdts. ^fur cms pïtms î tbrtm mt cms iïtmbux, mccm ibidm î àtrm kácbdiám î udm ebradm pcus typám (gjïtbaidm fu sbrrbsad) bu rasqum h‑bvfar ud rásuctbt hágmvbdt.

 

Bttmdtafd î dm pbs bousmr hm cb ebradm hm raz rbeeadám qua b ud adhmx icygákaqum (ud adhagm qua rmecêtm cb vatmssm hm trbdsefrkbtafd md icugfsm sbdiuad) gfcfssbc (1=) mt práeármr cb ebradm hm raz gfkpcmt.

Ebradm hm sbrrbsad Kbcirá sfd dfk hm «ebradm hm ocá dfar¼, mccm d‑b ramd î vfar bvmg cb ebradm hm  ocá. Mccm M ccm mst ragjm md prftáadms (2> î 2?% hm sfd pfahs smg) ‗ sfat butbdt qum cms ebradms h‑bvfadm mt hm smaicm ‗, md vatbkadms O mt md kadárbux (dftbkkmdt md gbcgauk). Cb ebradm hm sbrrbsad sm hastadium áibcmkmdt pbr sb tmdmur md cysadm, ud bgahm bkadá mssmdtamc qua ebat háebut bux butrms gárábcms. Bvmg sb gfucmur orudm mt sb pfadtm h‑bkmrtukm, mccm bppfrtm udm tfugjm rustaqum bux  pbads h‑ápagms, sbocás fu gràpms. Kbas gfkkm mccm cêvm haeeagacmkmdt, ac ebut c‑bssfgamr î cb ifkkm hm iubr pfur md ebarm ud gblm. Ebradm hm kaccmt Wfd pmtat ifüt hm dfasmttm káratm cm hátfur. Wbds icutmd, cm kaccmt mst cb smucm gárábcm gfdtmdbdt hu oàtb-gbrftêdm. Xrês haimstm mt três dutratae (sfd tbux hm  prftáadms mst pcus ácmvá qum gmcua hu ocá mt hu raz), ac mst oamd efurda md kadárbux mt md fcaifácákmdts, dftbkkmdt md sacagm, badsa qu‑md vatbkadm O1. Hm pcus, g‑mst c‑udm hms rbrms gárábcms bvmg cm quadfb î àtrm ebaocmkmdt bgahaeabdtm pfur c‑fribdaskm (cm ocá átbdt cb gárábcm cb pcus bgahaeabdtm). Mkpcfyám smucm, mccm d‑mst pbs cb pbdbgám md pïtassmram. Cms kueeads rasqumdt h‑àtrm trfp smgs. Md rmvbdgjm, mccm sm pbdbgjm oamd bvmg cb eágucm hm pfkkm hm tmrrm fu sakpcmkmdt bvmg hms gbrfttms pfur guasadmr hms ibcmttms hm cáiukms. Ebradm hm gjïtbaidm Wb sbvmur typám mt sugrám mst pbrtagucaêrmkmdt bpprágaám. Fd c‑utacasm rbrmkmdt smucm, «purm¼, gbr dfd smucmkmdt mccm hfddm udm tmxturm três hmdsm mt hfdg hms iïtmbux ud pmu cfurhs î haiármr, kbas md pcus mccm b udm sbvmur prfdfdgám qua cua hfddm ud ifüt bkmr qubdh mccm mst utacasám md trfp irbdhm qubdtatá. Eágucms Cb pfuhrm h‑brrfw-rfft (carm c‑mdgbhrá ga-gfdtrm), cb eágucm hm kbæs, hm  pfkkm hm tmrrm mt hm kbdafg pmuvmdt àtrm utacasáms hbds cb guasadm sbds icutmd mt hfddmdt hm ofds rásuctbts. Mccms fdt tfutms ud ifüt dmutrm mt, oamd qum

 

gjbgudm bat sms qubcatás prfprms, mccms sfdt ebgacmkmdt adtmrgjbdimbocms. Dftmz qum cb eágucm hm kbdafg hfddm udm gfdsastbdgm pcus ácbstaqum, gm qua mst bpprágabocm hbds gmrtbadms rmgmttms hm oasguats. Hbds cms sbugms mt cms mdtrmkmts, ac vbut kamux b`futmr cb eágucm md hmrdamr, sfus efrkm hm ofuaccam, qum c‑fd fotamdt md kácbdimbdt î pbrts áibcms hm cb eágucm mt hm c‑mbu, mt md cbassbdt guarm `usqu‑î gm qum cm kácbdim ápbassassm. ]tacasmz mdvarfd 2 g. î s.  pfur ?7= kc hm caquahm.

Pffk sur c‑brrfw-rfft C‑brrfw-rfft mst udm eágucm mxtrbatm hms rjazfkms h‑udm pcbdtm trfpagbcm, cb kbrbdtb. Wfd dfk «rbgadm î ecêgjm¼ emrbat ráeármdgm î cb efrkm hu systêkm rbgadbarm hm cb  pcbdtm. Hm dfkormusms átbpms sfdt sfdt dágmssbarms î c‑fotmdtafd hm cb eágucm0 cms rjazfkms sfdt h‑bofrh trmkpás hbds hm c‑mbu gjbuhm, pmcás mt orfyás, puas cb pucpm fotmdum mst cbvám, ságjám mt mdead kfucum. Eadm, haimstm, prbtaqum, gmttm eágucm káratmrbat h‑àtrm kamux Gfkkm tfutms cms eágucms, c‑brrfw-rfft sm cms gfkpfsm (pcus hmgfddum. :=%). Wbds icutmd, ac pmrkmt hm camr mt h‑ápbassar sbugms,surtfut sfupms,h‑bkahfd grêkms, ecbds… _mkpcbgmr ud tamrs hm cb ebradm pbr cm kàkm pfahs h‑brrfw-rfft bppfrtm cáiêrmtá mt kfmccmux bux iïtmbux. Wfd ifüt dmutrm pmrkmt hm c‑adtáirmr hbds cms rmgmttms sbcáms fu sugráms.

Ifkkm hm iubr Cm iubr mst udm cáiukadmusm. Fd utacasm sms irbadms orfyáms pfur fotmdar udm  pfuhrm ocbdgjm, cb ifkkm hm iubr. Mccm b ud ifüt dmutrm mt hms prfpraátás ákucsaeabdtms, stboacasbdtms mt ápbassassbdtms prasáms pbr cms adhustramcs. _agjm md eaorms, ac md ebut três pmu pfur oádáeagamr hm sms meemts. Mccm mst utacasám pfur  hfddmr hu kfmccmux, hm cb vasgfsatá mt hm c‑bárbtafd bux prápbrbtafds gucadbarms. Eboraqumz vfs suostatuts sbds icutmd kbasfd Md prápbrbdt vfus-kàkm vfs kácbdims sbds icutmd, vfus gfdtrøcmz mxbgtmkmdt qumccms ebradms vfus utacasmz, badsa qum cmur prax hm rmvamdt. Umaccmz tfu`furs î gm qum cb eágucm dm rmprásmdtm pbs pcus h‑ud tamrs hu kácbdim tftbc. Ac mst práeárbocm hm kbramr hmux typms hm ebradm sbds icutmd  pfur fotmdar udm tmxturm pcus birábocm mt ud ifüt pcus dmutrm. Ufus trfuvmrmz

 

md  pbim => md pbim = > cb rmgmttm h‑ud kácbdim hm ebradm î prápbrmr î c‑bvbdgm pfur vfs  pïtassmrams, gblms mt tbrtms (sbcás mt sugrás).

 

 

 

KAZ HM EB_ADMW  sbds icutmd fur 2,= li  5>> i hm ebradm hm raz =>> i hm ebradm hm pfas gjagjms ?=> i hm Kbæzmdb® ? sbgjmts hm ifkkm hm iubr  8 sbgjmts hm cmvurm sbds icutmd = g. î g. rbsms hm smc   Hbds ud irbdh sbcbhamr, kácbdimz tfus cms adiráhamdts bvmg udm guaccêrm md  ofas. Gfdsmrvmz hbds udm ofätm jmrkátaqum

 

 

 

_amd hm pcus erustrbdt qum hm sm cbdgmr hbds udm rmgmttm mt hm sm rmdhrm gfkptm md gfurs hm rfutm qu‑ac kbdqum ud adiráhamdt, ud futac fu ud bppbrmac hm kmsurm pfur eadbcasmr cm pcbt. Ufus trfuvmrmz aga cb castm hm gm hfdt vfus burmz omsfad pfur suavrm kms rmgmttms, kbas áibcmkmdt pfur rábcasmr md tfutm caomrtá vfs prfprms grábtafds gucadbarms váibdms!

Gfdstatumz vftrm stfgl h‑adiráhamdts pfur oamd hákbrrmr  Guasadmr váibdm d‑focaim pbs î haspfsmr h‑udm cfdium castm h‑adiráhamdts átrbdims mt gfütmux. Ac ebut sakpcmkmdt bvfar sfus cb kbad ud gmrtbad dfkorm hm prfhuats hm obsm. Cb pcupbrt sfdt três ebgacms î trfuvmr hbds cms irbdhms surebgms mt cms kbibsads oaf. Bu eac hu tmkps, hm vftrm prbtaqum mt hm vfs mxpáramdgms, vfus gfkpcátmrmz mt átfeemrmz vftrm stfgl.

HBDW CM OBG Î CÁI]KMW Eruats mt cáiukms hm sbasfd Gatrfd, obdbdm… HBDW ]D UM__M _MK^CA H‑MB] Bu gjfax, md efdgtafd hms sbasfds0 kmdtjm, pmrsac, gfrabdhrm, gaofucmttm, bdmtj…

W]_ CM ^CBD HM X_BUBAC Juacm h‑fcavm Juacm hm gfgf Xbkbra Uadbairm hm gahrm Uadbairm raz Uadbairm hm obcsbkaqum oaf

 

Warfp h‑árbocm Wugrm hm gbddm gfkpcmt ^favrm dfar  Wmc hm kmr  ^akmdt h‑Mspmcmttm Ápagms mt jmroms ságjáms0 gukad, gurry, gurgukb, gbddmccm, iadimkorm, gbrhbkfkm, pbpralb, obhabdm, sukbg, tjyk, rfkbrad, fraibd, emdfuac…

HBDW ]D ^MXAX ^BDAM_  Bac, faidfd, ágjbcftms Gurgukb mt iadimkorm erbas HBDW CM ^CBGB_H Fcábiadmux0 bkbdhms, dfax hm gb`fu, dfax, dfasmttms mt dfax hm gfgf rïpám Irbadms hm sásbkm, hm gfurim, hm tfurdmsfc, hm gjbdvrm… Eruats smgs0 hbttms, rbasads, boragfts, eaiums, gbddmomrims, if`a… _az smka-gfkpcmt, raz rfuim hm Gbkbrium, raz dfar… Ruadfb ocbdg mt rfuim Cmdtaccms vmrtms, gfrbac, Omcuib… Ebradms sbds icutmd (raz gfkpcmt, sbrrbsad, pfas gjagjm, kbæs, gjïtbaidm…) Brrfw-rfft, bibr-bibr, ifkkm hm iubr… ^fuhrm î cmvmr sbds icutmd mt/fu oagbrofdbtm hm sfhauk Ecfgfds hm raz, hm sbrrbsad mt h‑bvfadm sbds icutmd ^fcmdtb hm kbæs mt smkfucm kbæs-raz ^urám hm pfkkm Gjfgfcbt dfar î 9>% hm gbgbf Gfdsmrvms hm tfkbtm (pbssbtb fu gfdgbssáms) Cbat mt grêkm hm gfgf, h‑bkbdhm, hm raz, hm sf`b… ^uráms h‑fcábiadmux (bkbdhm, gbgbjuêtm, sásbkm, dfasmttm, hm dfax hm gb`fu…) ^fas gjagjms mt jbragfts dfars, rfuims mt ocbdgs, smgs mt md ofgbc

 

Kfutbrhm Fcavms, gïprms mt gfrdagjfds

B] _ÁE_AIÁ_BXM]_  Xfeu dbturm emrkm mt sfymux Qbfurt hm sf`b fu hm gfgf dbturm Kbribradm Juacm hm gfczb, sásbkm, dfax, dfasmttms, gjbdvrm…

B] GFDIÁCBXM]_  Eruats rfuims dbturm ^mtats pfas dbturm Ápadbrhs dbturm md orbdgjm Rumcqums áquavbcmdgms pfahs/vfcukm  

 

msmz mt hfsmz rbpahmkmdt, sbds obcbdgm 2 kc h‑mbu 2 kc h‑juacm 2 gc h‑mbu 2 gc h‑juacm 2 hc h‑mbu 2 hc h‑juacm 2 c h‑mbu

2i >,1 i 2> i 1i 2>> i 1> i 2 >>> i

2 c h‑juacm

1>> i

Adiráhamdt

2 g. î g. rbsm

2 g. î s. rbsm

Wugrm md pfuhrm Ebradm _az «Omurrm váiátbc¼ Grêkm Juacm Gbgbf md pfuhrm Wmc ^favrm

=i 8i 9i =i = kc = kc 7i =i ?i

2= i 2? i ?> i 2= i 2= kc 2= kc :i 2= i =i

2 tbssm (j. =,= gk, Ú :,= gk) ?>> i 22> i 2=> i ?>> i 29= kc ?9> kc :> i

 

u ofd kbtáramc pfur oamd guasadmr  B-t-fd dágmssbarmkmdt omsfad h‑advmstar hbds ud ocmdhmr hm gfkpátatafd, ud rfoft kuctaefdgtafd fu ud hásjyhrbtmur pfur kbdimr váibdm6 Dfd, ávahmkkmdt! Gmrtms, gmrtbads bppbrmacs pmuvmdt ebgacatmr cb vam mt pmrkmttmdt hm guasadmr butrmkmdt, kbas cb pcupbrt mdgfkormdt cms guasadms pcus qu‑butrm gjfsm. Ufaga udm castm hms bggmssfarms qua km pbrbassmdt vrbakmdt utacms.

CMW ]WXMDWACMW ADGFDXF]_DBOCMW ]d gfutmbu h‑feeagm,  g‑mst-î-harm ud pmtat gfutmbu pbssm-pbrtfut mt ebgacm î kbdamr, bvmg udm cbkm ápbassm mt pfadtum hm : î 2? gk. G‑mst ud ustmdsacm adhaspmdsbocm pfur irbttmr ud cáiukm, rmtarmr cms akpmremgtafds, gfupmr cms ifussms h‑bac, ákadgmr ud faidfd, mtg. ]d gfutmbu hm gjme,  g‑mst-î-harm ud irbdh gfutmbu pfcyvbcmdt pfur háoatmr  cms cáiukms md kfrgmbux, bvmg udm cbkm hm 2= gk pfur gfkkmdgmr. Wa vfus d‑bvmz `bkbas tmdu hm irbdh gfutmbu, vfus smrmz efrgákmdt akprmssafddá bu háout, kbas dm vfus adquaátmz pbs, fd s‑y ebat! Hmux pcbdgjms î hágfupmr md ofas 0 udm irbdhm mt udm pmtatm. ]d pbdamr vbpmur md obkofu qua s‑b`ustm sur vftrm gbssmrfcm pfur guarm cms cáiukms md prásmrvbdt cmurs tmdmurs md vatbkadms mt md kadárbux. Hms pfàcms, bu kfads udm irbdhm mt udm pmtatm. Hms gbssmrfcms hm haeeármdtms tbaccms. Hms guaccêrms md ofas hm haeeármdtms efrkms mt tbaccms. ]d efumt md adfx.

 

Hmux pbssfarms0 udm sfcahm, î trfus md adfx bvmg hmux pfaidáms, mt udm pcus  pmtatm, î kbaccms eadms bvmg ud kbdgjm (fu ud gjadfas). Hms ofcs, sbcbhamrs mt «gucs-hm-pfucm¼ md vmrrm fu md adfx. CMW ]WXMDWACMW R]A ^M]UMDX UF]W EBGACAXM_ CB UAM ]dm obcbdgm ácmgtrfdaqum pfur pmsmr cms adiráhamdts hm kbdaêrm pcus prágasm qu‑bvmg ud vmrrm hfsmur fu vab cm systêkm H hu pbrbirbpjm  ^msmz mt hfsmz  rbpahmkmdt, sbds obcbdgm. ]dm spbtucm sfupcm fu «kbrysm¼0 três utacm pfur rbgcmr cms rmstms hm pïtm bu efdh hms ofcs hm kaxmur fu hms sbcbhamrs. ]dm kbdhfcadm0 vrbakmdt prbtaqum pfur gfupmr cms cáiukms grus md trbdgjms eadms, mt gfdemgtafddmr hm `fcams sbcbhms gfcfráms mt ebgacms î kïgjmr. Bttmdtafd bux hfaits, éb gfupm! ]d rfoft kaxmur  pfur gfdemgtafddmr sfupms, skfftjams, sbugms, pmstfs, jfukfus, purám h‑fcábiadmux… mt pfur rïpmr hm irbdhms qubdtatás hm cáiukms. @m dm gfdsmaccm qum kfymddmkmdt cms kaxmurs pcfdimbdts qua rmprásmdtmdt gmrtms ud ibad hm pcbgm, kbas qua dm survavmdt pbs tfu`furs î cb qubdtatá mt î cb gfdsastbdgm hms adiráhamdts qum `‑ba c‑jboatuhm hm kaxmr. ]d sparbcasmur (fu rbsfar î cáiukms)0 pmrkmt hm eboraqumr hms ruobds hm cáiukms pfur cb gfdemgtafd hm sbcbhms, hm psmuhf-spbijmttas (vfar rmgmttm  p. :7), :7 ), hm `ucamddms, mtg. ^mu gfütmux, pmu mdgfkorbdt, ac smrt bussa h‑ágfdfkm  pfur ápcugjmr cms eruats mt cms cáiukms.

]d zmstmur0 áibcmkmdt pmu mdgfkorbdt mt pmu gfütmux, gmt ustmdsacm pmrkmt hm prácmvmr hm eads gfpmbux h‑ágfrgm h‑frbdim, hm gatrfd, hm omribkftm, hm gáhrbt… Wa gfkkm kfa vfus bhfrmz cms birukms, vfus bpprágamrmz irbdhmkmdt gmt futac! ]d mxtrbgtmur0 c‑bppbrmac hm ràvm pfur ebarm hm ofds `us erbas hm cáiukms, hm eruats h‑jmroms, hfdgcbhfux pfur cms hms adtmstads! C‑mxtrbgtafd î erfahmt mt pmrkmt sbds badsaeaorms h‑ávatmr hmstrugtafd vatbkadms smdsaocmssm îebat cb

 

gjbcmur, gfkkm cb vatbkadm G. Gmrtms, cms mxtrbgtmurs sfdt gjmrs mt mdgfkorbdts, kbas gmcb vbut cb pmadm h‑md pfssáhmr ud sa vfus bpprágamz hm  ofarm hms h ms `us bu quftahamd. q uftahamd. Wa vfus sbutmz cm pbs, gjfasassmz gjf asassmz ud kfhêcm ebgacm î dmttfymr.  

 

Xmgjdaqums hm hágfupm mt hm guassfd hms cáiukms HÁGF]^M @ucamddm0 gfupmz cms cáiukms (gbrfttm, gjfu, omttmrbvm, gácmra, faidfd, mtg.) cbvás mt ápcugjás md trbdgjms hm 2 î ? kk h‑ápbassmur, puas supmrpfsmz-cms mt ákadgmz-cms pfur efrkmr hm cfdis eacbkmdts. Cb `ucamddm pmut àtrm smrvam grum md sbcbhm fu oamd guatm î cb vbpmur fu î cb pfàcm pfur hms ibrdaturms. Orudfasm0 rmgfupmz cb `ucamddm md pmtats guoms. Wmrt î hágfrmr ud pcbt fu î bppfrtmr udm sbvmur suppcákmdtbarm md ead hm prápbrbtafd. Cb orudfasm pmut áibcmkmdt àtrm b`futám î udm sbugm pfur bppfrtmr udm pfadtm hm grfqubdt. Karmpfax0 gfupmz cms cáiukms (gfurim, buomriadm, gbrfttm, faidfd, mtg.) md kfrgmbux ráiucamrs fu md guoms h‑mdvarfd 2 gk. Ufus pfuvmz cms ebarm guarm î c‑mbu pfur gfdemgtafddmr puráms fu pftbims, fu cms utacasmr gfkkm obsm pfur   prápbrmr hms sbugms fu hms ibrdaturms. Oïtfddmts0 gfupmz cms cáiukms (gfurimttm, gbrfttm, pfavrfd, gácmra, mtg.) md  oïtfddmts h‑udm hazbadm hm gmdtakêtrms hm cfdi mt h‑ud hmka î ud gmdtakêtrm hm cbrim. Ahábc pfur udm pfàcám hm cáiukms pbr mxmkpcm.

 

G]AWWFD Kbradbhm0 ebatms trmkpmr cms cáiukms grus fu guats hbds udm sbugm gfkpfsám hm havmrs adiráhamdts0 juacm (fcavm, sásbkm, dfax, gfczb…), `us hm gatrfd, vadbairm, sbugm sf`b… pfur gfdemgtafddmr hms sbcbhms fu hms bggfkpbidmkmdts. Icbébim0 mdrfomz cms cáiukms h‑udm sbugm î obsm h‑ud kácbdim hm «omurrm váiátbc¼ efdhu mt h‑mbu fu hm ofuaccfd, puas guasmz-cms î cb pfàcm fu bu efur, mdtrm 2= mt 8= kadutms smcfd cb tbaccm mt cm typm hm cáiukm. ^fàcám0 cbvmz, ápcugjmz mt gfupmz cms cáiukms md kfrgmbux puas ebatms-cms sbutmr qumcqums kadutms î cb pfàcm î emu vae, hbds ud pmu h‑juacm h‑fcavm, pbr  mxmkpcm, md vmaccbdt î dm pbs cms ebarm trfp iraccmr. Md gfurs fu md ead hm guassfd, vfus pfuvmz b`futmr havmrs typms hm sbugms0 tbkbra, pmstf, mtg. ^brebat  pfur udm prápbrbtafd rbpahm.

Guassfd bu efur0 cbvmz mt ápcugjmz cms cáiukms (pbtbtm hfugm, gbrfttm,  pbdbas, gfurim, buomriadm, omttmrbvm…). Gfupmz cms pcus irfs md kfrgmbux,  puas p cbgmz-cms pcbgmz-cms hbds udh‑juacm irbdh pcbt fu hbds rmgfuvmrtm hm h m pbpamrguassfd< mdrfomz-cms h‑fcavm fu cb hmcêgjmeratm gfgf, h‑jmroms sêgjms mt/fu

 

h‑ápagms. Gm kfhm hm guassfd kmt cms pbreuks hms cáiukms pbrtagucaêrmkmdt md vbcmur< ac cms rmdh grfustaccbdts tfut md ibrhbdt ud gŗur oamd tmdhrm. Dm gfdvamdt pbs bux cáiukms vmrts mt î emuaccms.

Guassfd î cb vbpmur0 pcbgmz cms cáiukms cbvás mt ápcugjás, mdtamrs fu gfupás md irfs hás, hbds ud pbdamr md obkofu bu-hmssus h‑udm gbssmrfcm rmkpcam h‑mbu. Cbassmz guarm mdtrm 2> mt ?> kadutms î pbrtar hm c‑áouccatafd (váraeamz cb guassfd bvmg cb pfadtm h‑ud gfutmbu). Gmttm tmgjdaqum rmdh cms cáiukms tmdhrms mt efdhbdts, gm qua pmrkmt hm cms ráhuarm ebgacmkmdt md purám. Cb guassfd î cb vbpmur prásmrvm cb sbvmur mt cms qubcatás dutratafddmccms hms cáiukms (vatbkadms mt kadárbux). Guassfd î c‑mbu0 pfur cms pfkkms hm tmrrm mt cms pmtats pfas surimcás udaqumkmdt. Î ávatmr pfur cms butrms cáiukms, gbr cms brøkms, cms vatbkadms mt cms kadárbux fdt tmdhbdgm î euar hbds c‑mbu.  

 

 xpárakmdtmz mt grámz î vftrm tfur! tfur! Ufus bvmz kbadtmdbdt tfutms cms obsms pfur gfkkmdgmr î guasadmr váibdm. Md prbtaqubdt, vfus bccmz vatm vfus rmdhrm gfkptm qum cb guasadm váiátbcm mst ud efrkahbocm tmrrbad hm `mu pfur grámr mt akprfvasmr. Gm cavrm mst ebat pfur vfus hfddmr gmrtbadms gcás, gmrtbads rmpêrms qua vfdt vfus pmrkmttrm hm guasadmr caormkmdt mt butrmkmdt. Ac hmvrbat vfus bkmdmr î hávmcfppmr pmtat î pmtat vfs prfprms rmgmttms. @‑ba ombu bvfar ud bkfur   prfefdh pfur cm pbpamr mt cms omccms akbims, `m vfus advatm î vfus bpprfpramr  gm cavrm0 b`futmz vfs bddftbtafds, surcaidmz cms pbssbims qua vfus adtármssmdt, gfccmz hms pfst-at…  D‑jásatmz pbs dfd pcus î grámr ud gbrdmt bvmg vfs rmgmttms kfhaeaáms, fu tfut sakpcmkmdt î rmibrhmr cms pjftfs, carm ud ofut hm tmxtm mt vfus ácfaidmr hm kms adhagbtafds pfur cbassmr ebarm vftrm akbiadbtafd. Guasadmr, g‑mst grámr î sfd rytjkm, smcfd sms omsfads, badsa qum gmux hm cb tmrrm mt hm c‑mdvarfddmkmdt.

Umrs pcus hm caomrtá gucadbarm Cms rmgmttms qua suavmdt hfavmdt î kfd smds àtrm udm sfurgm h‑adsparbtafd, kbas dm hfavmdt `bkbas cakatmr vftrm grábtavatá mt vftrm pcbasar î guasadmr. G‑mst  pfur gmttm rbasfd qum `m vfus prfpfsm hms adsparbtafds pbr gbtáifram badsa qum hm dfkormusms vbrabtafds butfur h‑udm guasadm `fymusm mt adtuatavm, gmdtrám sur hms adiráhamdts oruts mt dbturmcs.

 

 

 

WYMMX UMIBD ^BDGBLMW fur 8 pmrsfddms ?=> i hm kax hm ebradms (vfar rmgmttm p. rmgmttm  p. =>) =>) 7 g. î s. hm sugrm hm gbddm gfkpcmt 7 g. î s. hm dfax hm gfgf rïpám 2 padgám hm vbdaccm 8>> kc hm cbat hm sf`b » g. î g. hm oagbrofdbtm hm sfhauk 2 g. î g. hm vadbairm hm gahrm

mkbrqum Hbds gmttm rmgmttm, cm cbat hm sf`b mst haeeagacmkmdt rmkpcbébocm pbr ud butrm cbat váiátbc.   Î c‑mxgmptafd hu oagbrofdbtm, kácbdimz cms adiráhamdts smgs hbds ud sbcbhamr0 ebradms, sugrm, dfax hm gfgf, vbdaccm. ^uas vmrsmz pmtat î pmtat cm cbat hm sf`b. Cb tmxturm hfat àtrm bssmz ecuahm, kbas sbds àtrm trfp caquahm. B`futmz ud pmu pcus hm cbat sa omsfad. B`futmz cm oagbrofdbtm hm sfhauk mt cm vadbairm hm gahrm. Ufus bccmz fosmrvmr udm pmtatm rábgtafd kfussmusm. Kácbdimz udm hmrdaêrm efas. Ebatms gjbueemr udm pfàcm cáiêrmkmdt juacám bvmg hm c‑juacm hm gfgf.

 

Ebatms guarm cms pbdgblms î emu kfymd. Cfrsqum hm pmtatms ouccms bppbrbassmdt î cb surebgm mt qum cms ofrhurms prmddmdt ud bspmgt smg, rmtfurdmz-cms. Obassmz cm emu sa cb prmkaêrm ebgm b trfp efdgá. Cbassmz guarm cb smgfdhm ebgm `usqu‑î gm qu‑mccm sfat cáiêrmkmdt hfrám. Háiustmz taêhm bvmg ud pmu hm sarfp h‑árbocm mt hms eruats erbas, fu bvmg kb rmgmttm hm pïtm î tbrtadmr kbasfd gjfgfcbt dfasmttm (vfar rmgmttm p. rmgmttm  p. 5=). 5=).

 

 

^ÏXM Î XB_XADM_ KBAWFD gjfgfcbt dfasmttm fur 2=> ir  2?= i hm purám hm dfasmttm 2 g. î s. hm gbgbf 2 g. î s. hm sarfp h‑bibvm » g. î g. hm gbddmccm » g. î g. hm vbdaccm Rumcqums g. î s. h‑mbu   Kácbdimz tfus cms adiráhamdts bead h‑fotmdar udm grêkm jfkfiêdm. Bccfdimz bvmg ? fu 7 guaccmráms î sfupm h‑mbu, smcfd cb tmxturm sfujbatám. Gfdsmrvmz bu erbas

Ubrabdtms Ufus pfuvmz rmkpcbgmr c‑mbu pbr hu cbat váiátbc mt/fu rmkpcbgmr cb purám hm dfasmttm pbr udm purám h‑bkbdhm, hm gbgbjuêtm fu hm dfax hm gb`fu…  

 

G_ÊKM HM GJAB & sms vbrabdtms Bvmg ud ofgbc hm grêkm hm gjab tfut pràt bu ráeraiárbtmur, vfus burmz hm qufa gfdgfgtmr hm hácagamux md-gbs pfur pbrmr bux obassms h‑ádmriam mt bux pmtatms eradibcms. Cms irbadms hm gjab sfdt ahábcms pfur cm pmtat há`mudmr md rbasfd hm cmur efrt pfuvfar rbssbsabdt qua pmrkmt hm pbtamdtmr ebgacmkmdt `usqu‑î c‑jmurm hu há`mudmr. Cm irbdh gcbssaqum qua efdgtafddm î tfus cms gfups0 ud ofc hm grêkm hm gjab ibrdam hm eruats hm sbasfd.

G_ÊKM HM GJAB UBDACCM GFGF fur 2 pmrsfddm 7 g. î s. hm irbadms hm gjab 2 g. î s. hm dfax hm gfgf rïpám ?=> kc hm cbat váiátbc 2 padgám hm vbdaccm md pfuhrm 2 g. î s. hm sarfp h‑bibvm   ^cbgmz tfus cms adiráhamdts hbds ud pmtat sbcbhamr mt efumttmz pfur oamd kácbdimr. Cbassmz rmpfsmr udm hazbadm hm kadutms md efumttbdt hm tmkps md tmkps pfur ávatmr cms irukmbux, puas cbassmz prmdhrm cb grêkm bu erbas udm vaditbadm hm kadutms bu kfads (fu tfutm cb duat, kbas ac ebuhrb rmhátmdhrm cb  prápbrbtafd bvmg hu cbat), pfur fotmdar udm gfdsastbdgm ápbassm ud pmu

 

iácbtadmusm. Cb grêkm sm gfdsmrvm qumcqums `furs bu erbas hbds ud ofgbc jmrkátaqum. Ufus pfuvmz cb háiustmr bggfkpbidám h‑udm gfkpftm hm eruats hm sbasfd, h‑udm guaccmrám hm purám h‑bkbdhm fu hm dfasmttm, h‑udm pmtatm pfaidám hm irbadms hm tfurdmsfc fu hm sásbkm, mtg.

G_ÊKM HM GJAB B]Z E_BKOFAWMW Gmttm rmgmttm mst três gmrtbadmkmdt c‑udm hm kms práeáráms. Wakpcm, hácagamusm, dfurrassbdtm, mccm mst ahábcm gfkkm pmtat há`mudmr fu md gfccbtafd î cb ka-`furdám.

fur 2 pmrsfddm 2>> i hm erbkofasms ágrbsáms 2 padgám hm vbdaccm md pfuhrm 2 g. î s. hm dfax hm gfgf rïpám 7 g. î s. hm irbadms hm gjab 2=> kc hm cbat váiátbc 2 g. î s. hm sarfp h‑bibvm   Ágrbsmz cms erbkofasms hbds ud ofc, î cb efurgjmttm. B`futmz cb vbdaccm, cb dfax hm gfgf mt cms irbadms hm gjab, puas kácbdimz oamd cm tfut. Umrsmz cm cbat sur cb prápbrbtafd mt kácbdimz hm kbdaêrm oamd jfkfiêdm. B`futmz cm sarfp h‑bibvm mt cbassmz rmpfsmr pmdhbdt bu kadakuk ?= kadutms. Umrsmz cb prápbrbtafd hbds ud ofc fu ud ofgbc, mt ibrdassmz hm purám hm dfasmttm, hm lawa, hm rfdhmccms hm obdbdm, mtg.

 

 

 

WA_F^ ^F]_ GJBÆ CBXXM Ufaga udm hm kms tfutms prmkaêrms rmgmttms. @‑bhfrm gmttm ofassfd bu pmtat há`mudmr fu pfur udm pbusm rágfdefrtbdtm. ]dm efas cm sarfp rábcasá, `m hacum udm ofddm guaccmrám î sfupm hbds ?>> kc hm cbat váiátbc gjbuh.

fur 2 catrm = gk hm iadimkorm gfupás md tfut pmtats ofuts = ifussms hm gbrhbkfkm : gcfus hm iarfecm 2= irbads hm pfavrm dfar  C‑ágfrgm h‑udm frbdim ? oïtfds hm gbddmccm ? g. î g. hm gbddmccm md pfuhrm » g. î g. hm dfax hm kusgbhm 2> irbadms hm gfrabdhrm ?=> i hm sugrm 9=> kc h‑mbu 2>> kc hm sarfp h‑bibvm   _ïpmz cm iadimkorm ápcugjá. Ágrbsmz cb gbrhbkfkm, cms gcfus hm iarfecm mt cm pfavrm. ^rácmvmz ud irfs ruobd h‑ágfrgm h‑frbdim.

 

Hbds udm irbdhm gbssmrfcm, pfrtmz î áouccatafd tfutms cms ápagms, cm sugrm, c‑mbu mt cm sarfp h‑bibvm. Obassmz cm emu mt cbassmz mdgfrm gjbueemr qumcqums kadutms. Cbassmz adeusmr cm sarfp bu kfads udm duat, puas vmrsmz-cm hbds ud irbdh  ofgbc jmrkátaqum. Eactrmz bvbdt hm smrvar.

 

 

 

CM OFD I_BDFCB Fd pmut cm prápbrmr pfur cm pmtat há`mudmr, pfur cm ifütmr fu pfur bggfkpbidmr ud hmssmrt. G‑mst udm rmgmttm rágfdefrtbdtm, hácagamusm… mt tmccmkmdt ráirmssavm! Ebgacm î rábcasmr, mccm pmut àtrm pmrsfddbcasbocm î c‑adeada0 gárábcms, eruats smgs, dfax, irbadms, gjfgfcbt… Ebatms-vfus pcbasar pfur grámr cm irbdfcb hm vfs ràvms!

fur ud irfs ofgbc h‑mdvarfd =>> i  ?>> kc hm sarfp h‑árbocm 2?= kc h‑juacm hm gfgf => i hm gárábcms sfueecáms (raz, sbrrbsad, quadfb…) 7>> i hm ecfgfds (raz, bvfadm sbds icutmd, quadfb, sbrrbsad…) ? g. î s. hm gbddmccm 5> i hm irbadms hm gfurim => i h‑bkbdhms => i hm dfasmttms 2 padgám hm smc   ^rágjbueemz cm efur î 25> ¾G mt tbpassmz udm pcbqum hm pbpamr guassfd. Hbds udm gbssmrfcm, gjbueemz cm sarfp h‑árbocm mt c‑juacm hm gfgf î emu hfux. ^mdhbdt gm tmkps, kácbdimz hbds ud irbdh sbcbhamr cms gárábcms sfueecáms, cms ecfgfds, cb gbddmccm mt cb padgám hm smc, puas vmrsmz cm gfdtmdu hm cb gbssmrfcm sur vfs cbadiráhamdts hbds pcbqum. cm sbcbhamr. Kácbdimz adtakmkmdt bvbdt hm rápbrtar prápbrbtafdsmgs sur vftrm

 

Mdefurdmz pfur udm trmdtbadm hm kadutms sbds fuocamr hm rmkumr î kaguassfd. Wa vftrm irbdfcb vfus pbrbät tfu`furs trfp jukahm, pbs h‑adquaátuhm, g‑mst dfrkbc. Ac vb sm eaimr md rmerfahassbdt mt vfus pfurrmz gbssmr hm irfs rfgjmrs  oamd ifurkbdhs. Gfdsmrvmz cm irbdfcb hbds ud irbdh ofgbc jmrkátaqum.

 

 

 

BÉBÆ OFYC B]Z E_]AXW E_BAW Ufaga udm hms rmgmttms cms pcus md vfium hu kfkmdt0 c‑bébæ ofwc! Ufus bvmz três gmrtbadmkmdt há`î mdtmdhu pbrcmr hm c‑bébæ, gmttm pmtatm obam, gfusadm hm cb kyrtaccm, vmdum h‑Bkáraqum hu Wuh. Cm gfdgmpt mst pcus fu kfads cm kàkm pfur tfutms cms rmgmttms h‑bébæ  ofwc0 ac s‑biat h‑fotmdar ud skfftjam ápbas mt icbgá gfkkm ud sfromt. @m sbas qu‑ac d‑mst pbs ebgacm hm sm prfgurmr hm cb pucpm h‑bébæ erbägjm fu surimcám, kbas fd cb trfuvm ebgacmkmdt sfus efrkm hm pfuhrm. Ufaga hmux vmrsafds md efdgtafd hm gm qum vfus trfuvmrmz md kbibsad.

fur 2 pmrsfddm

fur cb vmrsafd pucpm h‑bébæ  2 obdbdm 2>> i hm pucpm h‑bébæ surimcám 2?= i hm kyrtaccms surimcáms 2?= i hm cbat gfgf 2 hbttm 2 obdbdm

fur cb vmrsafd pfuhrm h‑bébæ  2 g. î s. hm pfuhrm h‑bébæ ?=> i hm kyrtaccms surimcáms 2 g. î g. hm gbgbf

 

» g. î g. hm kbgb 2?= i hm cbat hm gfgf 2 hbttm

BUMG HM CB ^]C^M H‑BÉBÆ E_BÄGJM F] W]_IMCÁM Kaxmz tfus cms adiráhamdts mdsmkocm mt b`futmz cm tfppadi hm vftrm gjfax.

BUMG HM CB ^F]H_M H‑BÉBÆ Wa vfus dm trfuvmz pbs hm obams h‑bébæ surimcáms, hfuocmz cb qubdtatá hm kyrtaccms mt b`futmz udm guaccmrám î sfupm h‑bébæ md pfuhrm, badsa qu‑udm guaccmrám î gbeá hm gbgbf mt udm hmka-guaccmrám î gbeá hm kbgb. Kaxmz tfus cms adiráhamdts mdsmkocm mt b`futmz cm tfppadi hm vftrm gjfax.

fur cm tfppadi  Bu gjfax0 rfdhmccms hm obdbdm, irbadms hm gfurim, obams hm if`a, trbdgjms hm lawa, dfax hm gfgf rïpám mt erbkofasms, mtg.  

 

IB]E_MW HM CÁI]KMW Ufaga udm rmgmttm hm ibuerms sbcáms pbrebatms pfur vfs orudgjs fu vfs bpárataes mdtrm bkas. @‑bakm cms smrvar bvmg hu iubgbkfcm fu hu jfukfus mt hms cáiukms iraccás fu røtas.

fur 8 pmrsfddms 2>> i hm cáiukms rïpás 2 ágjbcftm jbgjám 2?= i hm ebradm hm raz => i hm ebradm hm sbrrbsad => i hm ebradm hm gjïtbaidm 2 g. î s. h‑jmroms hm ^rfvmdgm ?=> kc hm cbat hm sf`b 9> kc h‑juacm hm gfczb 2 g. î g. hm oagbrofdbtm hm sfhauk 2 g. î g. hm vadbairm hm gahrm 2 padgám hm smc mt hm pfavrm   Ápcugjmz, cbvmz mt rïpmz vfs cáiukms (md javmr `‑utacasm sfuvmdt hm cb gfurim fu hms gbrfttms, mt md átá hm cb gfurimttm). Jbgjmz eadmkmdt cms ágjbcftms.

 

Hbds ud irbdh sbcbhamr, kácbdimz cms ebradms mt cms jmroms hm ^rfvmdgm,  puas vmrsmz cm cbat mt c‑juacm. B`futmz cm oagbrofdbtm mt cm vadbairm hm gahrm, kácbdimz mdgfrm. Mdead, adgfrpfrmz cms ágjbcftms mt cms cáiukms. Uftrm pïtm mst pràtm! Ebatms guarm vfs ibuerms smcfd cms adhagbtafds hm vftrm ibueramr.

 

 

 

O_F]ACCBHM HM XFE] bu gurgukb & bu gjfu lbcm Cb rmgmttm qua suat mst udm vmrsafd váiátbcm hms ŗues orfuaccás. Mccm ebat î gjbqum efas c‑udbdakatá pbrka kms bkas, kàkm cms pcus sgmptaqums î c‑áibrh hm c‑bcakmdtbtafd váibdm! Wa vfus sfujbatmz udm orfuaccbhm pcus «obvmusm¼, vfus pfuvmz gfupmr cb qubdtatá hm tfeu emrkm bvmg ud tamrs hm tfeu sfymux.

fur 8 pmrsfddms =>> i hm tfeu emrkm 8 g. î s. hm cbat váiátbc : g. î s. hm tbkbra 8 g. î g. hm kfutbrhm hfugm 2 g. î g. hm gurgukb 2 padgám hm pfavrm dfar  2 faidfd eadmkmdt jbgjá 8 emuaccms hm gjfu lbcm 8 g. î s. h‑juacm h‑fcavm   ^rmssmz mt ákamttmz cm tfeu puas pcfdimz-cm hbds udm kbradbhm rábcasám bvmg cm cbat váiátbc, cm tbkbra, cb kfutbrhm, cm gurgukb mt cm pfavrm. Kácbdimz  oamd, gfuvrmz mt cbassmz rmpfsmr.

 

^mdhbdt gm tmkps, ákadgmz c‑faidfd, rmtarmz cms taims hu gjfu lbcm mt jbgjmz cms emuaccms irfssaêrmkmdt. Hbds udm pfàcm, ebatms gjbueemr c‑juacm h‑fcavm mt ebatms sbutmr c‑faidfd qumcqums kadutms bvbdt h‑b`futmr cm lbcm mt cm tfeu kbradá. ^fursuavmz cb guassfd `usqu‑î gm qum cm tfeu gfkkmdgm î hfrmr. Wmrvmz gjbuh bvmg hms trbdgjms h‑bvfgbt mt qumcqums irbadms imrkáms.

 

 

 

Gfkpfsmz udm bssamttm vmiiam @m gfkpfsm kms bssamttms gfkkm `m gfkpfsmrbas ud ud tb tbocmbu0 ocmbu0 `‑bakm `fumr bvmg cms gfucmurs, cms tmxturms, cms efrkms hms adiráhamdts. Kbas bvbdt hm sfaidmr c‑mstjátaqum, `m «pmdsm¼ kfd bssamttm h‑ud pfadt hm vum dutratafddmc. ^fur gmcb, `‑bppcaqum tfu`furs cb kàkm rêicm0 `‑bssfgam udm gruhatá mt ud cáiukm guat, udm gárábcm gfkpcêtm mt udm cáiukadmusm. Mdsuatm, `m `fum bvmg cms bssbasfddmkmdts mt ebas hm pmtats b`futs pfur hfddmr cb tfugjm eadbcm î kfd tbocmbu, mt ráibcmr cms pbpaccms hm kms gfdvavms.

ruats mt cáiukms =>% (?/7 grus, 2/7 guats) Hbds ud pftbimr fu bu kbrgjá, gm sfdt bvbdt tfut cb erbägjmur mt cms gfucmurs hms átbcs hm cáiukms, jmroms mt eruats qua vfdt km hfddmr mdvam hm grámr ud  pcbt. Gms adiráhamdts sfdt pcmads hm vatbkadms, hm kadárbux, hm eaorms mt hm suostbdgms prftmgtragms pfur dftrm fribdaskm, gm sfdt cms ibrhamds hm dftrm sbdtá.

Gárábcms gfkpcêtms 7=% ?7). ). Gfkpcêtms, Cms gárábcms gfdstatumdt udm hms obsms hm kms rmpbs (carm p. (carm  p. ?7 mccms sfdt adtármssbdtms pfur cmur tmdmur md vatbkadms, smcs kadárbux, eaorms mt  prftáadms badsa qum pfur cmur ebaocm prax. Wa vfus cms trfuvmz ebhms, b`futmz hms ápagms mt/fu hms brfkbtms hbds c‑mbu hês cm háout hm cb guassfd0 md ifdecbdt, mccms md bosfromrfdt cms sbvmurs.

áiukadmusms 2=%

 

Cmdtaccms, pfas gjagjms, jbragfts… rmdhmdt cms rmpbs pcus gfdsastbdts, bu kàkm tatrm qum cms gárábcms. Áibcmkmdt ofd kbrgjá, mccms gfdstatumdt udm bctmrdbtavm bux prftáadms bdakbcms qubdh mccms sfdt gfkoadáms bvmg hms gárábcms, kbas pbs smucmkmdt (carm p. (carm p. ??). ??).

Gm qum vfus pfuvmz b`futmr   ‗  Hms bciums erbägjms, sêgjms fu md pbaccmttms0 hucsm, dfra, wblbkm, lfkou, mtg.  ‗  Hu sf`b0 guoms hm tfeu kbradá, euká fu cbgtfemrkmdtá.  ‗  Hms irbadms0 tfurdmsfc, gfurim, sásbkm, cad, pbvft, gjbdvrm, gjab, mtg.  ‗  Hms irbadms imrkáms0 bcebceb, cmdtaccms, rbhas, pfurpamr, mtg.  ‗  Hms eruats î gfqum0 bkbdhms, dfax, dfasmttms, dfax hm gb`fu, paidfds, dfax hu Orásac, hmerbkofasms, págbd fu hmobams kbgbhbkab, gbgbjuêtm, mtg.  ‗   pastbgjms, 0 kyrtaccms, hm if`a, mtg. Hms supmreruats ^fur c‑bssbasfddmkmdt, rmpfrtmz-vfus î cb pbim cb pbim 22?. 22?.

Wfaidmz cb prásmdtbtafd mt kmttmz hm cb gfucmur  Cb haimstafd gfkkmdgm bvbdt cb prmkaêrm guaccêrm. Hmvbdt ud pcbt, dfs smds sfdt md bcmrtm0 fhfrbt, vum, fuæm… Cb ebéfd hfdt sfdt hágfupás cms adiráhamdts, pbr mxmkpcm, burb ud akpbgt vasumc butbdt qum iustbtae. Bssfgamz hms cáiukms frbdiás, vmrts, rfuims, vafcmts bvmg hms ecmurs, hms pmtats eruats fu hms irbadms bux tmadtms vavms< cb gfucmur advatm î cb háiustbtafd, mt surtfut gfdstatum udm váratbocm bssurbdgm sbdtá gbr cms paikmdts sfdt bssfgaás î cb  prásmdgm h‑bdtafxyhbdts oádáeaqums.

Ufus bccmz trfuvmr hbds cms pbims qua suavmdt cms rmgmttms pfur prápbrmr qubtrm cudgj ofwcs haeeármdts0 butfkdm, javmr, pradtmkps, átá. Gjbqum cudgj ofwc mst gfdstatuá hm qubtrm rmgmttms. Xmstmz-cms mt adsparmz-vfus h‑mccms pfur advmdtmr vfs prfprms cudgj ofwcs, md efdgtafd hms adiráhamdts qum vfus bpprágamz, hm vfs mdvams hu kfkmdt,

 

hms sbasfds, hms omsfads hm vftrm gfrps, hm vfs jukmurs… Orme, bkusmzvfus!  

 

C]DGJ OFYC h‑butfkdm  

R]ADFB XF]X WAK^CM B] IADIMKO_M W^BIJMXXAW HM GF]_IM GFCMWCBY B]Z DFAZ & Î CB I_MDBHM G_BGLM_W Î CB ^]C^M HM CÁI]KMW JF]KF]W MX WMW UB_ABDXMW

 

 

 

R]ADFB tfut sakpcm bu iadimkorm Guarm hu quadfb dm hmkbdhm pbs hm rmgmttm pbrtagucaêrm puasqu‑ac sueeat hm suavrm cms adhagbtafds sur cm pbqumt. ^fur gfrsmr cm ifüt hm gmttm pmtatm irbadm kbiaqum, `‑ba c‑jboatuhm h‑b`futmr, gfkkm aga, hms ápagms fu hms brfkbtms. Cms prfpfrtafds hm gmttm rmgmttm vfus pmrkmttrfdt hm tfu`furs bvfar hu quadfb guat, tfut pràt, bu ráeraiárbtmur.

fur 1>> i  8>> i hm quadfb (gfucmur bu gjfax) 2 c h‑mbu 2 pmtatm rbgadm hm iadimkorm ákadgám 2 padgám hm smc   _adgmz cm quadfb (pfur sm prftáimr, cb pcbdtm prfhuat udm suostbdgm  pfuvbdt àtrm bkêrm kbas qua pbrt ebgacmkmdt î c‑mbu) mt vmrsmz-cm hbds udm irbdhm gbssmrfcm bvmg c‑mbu, cm iadimkorm mt cm smc. Gfuvrmz, pfrtmz î áouccatafd, puas obassmz cm emu mt cbassmz erákar 2= î 2: kadutms `usqu‑î gm qum cm imrkm hms irbads hmvamddm vasaocm mt qum tfutm c‑mbu sfat bosfroám. Øtmz hu emu, hátbgjmz cms irbads bvmg udm efurgjmttm mt cbassmz rmerfahar. Cm quadfb sm gfdsmrvm mdvarfd udm smkbadm bu erbas hbds ud rágapamdt jmrkátaqum.

 

Ubrabdtm Î cb pcbgm hu iadimkorm, vfus pfuvmz utacasmr hu `us hm gatrfd fu hms ápagms qum vfus b`futmz î c‑mbu hm guassfd.

 stugm Wa vfus pfssáhmz ud guasmur î raz, g‑mst áibcmkmdt udm kbdaêrm três sakpcm h‑fotmdar udm guassfd pbrebatm hm vftrm quadfb.  

 

W^BIJMXXAW HM GF]_IM Gfdemgtafddmr hms tbicabtmccms fu hms spbijmttas hm cáiukms md qumcqums kadutms pfur rmkpcbgmr cms pïtms, md vfacî udm ragjm ahám! Cm sparbcmur mst ud ustmdsacm pmu gfütmux mt ebgacm î utacasmr qua pmrkmt hm rábcasmr hms rmgmttms grábtavms pfur b`futmr hms gfucmurs hbds cms bssamttms mt gfdsfkkmr pcus hm cáiukms bu quftahamd.

fur 8 î 5 pmrsfddms 2 pmtatm gfurim ? g. î s. h‑juacm h‑fcavm Grêkm hm gb`fu eukám (vfar rmgmttm p. rmgmttm p. 221) 221)   Ápcugjmz cb gfurim mt pbssmz-cb bu sparbcmur pfur fotmdar hm eads spbijmttas. Ebatms-cms sbutmr î emu vae bvmg ud pmu h‑juacm h‑fcavm md kácbdimbdt ráiucaêrmkmdt bvmg udm padgm pfur dm pbs cms boäkmr. Cms spbijmttas hfavmdt àtrm cáiêrmkmdt hfrás kbas rmstmr emrkms. Wmrvar bvmg hm cb grêkm hm gb`fu eukám.

 

 

 

GFCMWCBY bux dfax & î cb irmdbhm fur 8 î 5 pmrsfddms ? gbrfttms kfymddms (28> i) ³ hm gjfu rfuim (2=> i) ³ hm gjfu ocbdg (2=> i) » irmdbhm ? omccms pfaidáms hm dfax

fur c‑bssbasfddmkmdt  8 g. î s. hm sbugm bu ybfurt (vfar rmgmttm p. rmgmttm  p. 22:) 22:) 2 g. î s. hm kfutbrhm hfugm 2 g. î s. hm vadbairm hm gahrm   ^mcmz cms gbrfttms, puas cbvmz tfus cms cáiukms. Gfupmz cms gjfux md eadms cbkmccms î c‑bahm h‑udm kbdhfcadm mt rïpmz cms gbrfttms. ^fur fuvrar cb irmdbhm mt md prácmvmr cms irbadms, ebatms rfucmr vftrm eruat md mxmrébdt udm cáiêrm prmssafd gfdtrm vftrm pcbd hm trbvbac. Gmttm bgtafd vb  pmrkmttrm hm hágfccmr cms irbadms. ^rápbrmz ud u d irbdh ofc h‑mbu mt fuvrmz vftrm irmdbhm î c‑adtáramur. C‑mbu ávatm cb gfcfrbtafd `budïtrm caám î gm eruat mt  pmrkmt bux pmtatms pmbux hm rmkfdtmr î cb surebgm pfur àtrm ebgacmkmdt

 

rmpàgjáms. Ufus dm rágupármz badsa qum cms irbadms hm irmdbhm oamd cbváms. Kácbdimz tfus cms cáiukms hbds ud sbcbhamr bvmg cb irmdbhm mt cms dfax, cb sbugm bu ybfurt, cb kfutbrhm mt cm vadbairm hm gahrm. Kbcbxmz pfur hátmdhrm cms gjfux mt pfur akpráidmr tfutm cb sbcbhm hm sbugm.

 

 

 

C]DGJ OFYC h‑javmr   

OF]CMXXMW EF_MWXAÊ_MW B]Z I_BADMW HM GJAB _AP DFA_ Î CB GBDDMCCM UMCF]XÁ HM O]XXM_D]X B]Z Á^AGMW & B] CBAX HM GFGF XB_XB_M KBDI]M BUFGBX EMDF]AC

 

 

 

OF]CMXXMW EF_MWXAÊ_MW bux irbadms hm gjab fur 8 î 5 pmrsfddms Guassfd ?> kad ? g. î s. hm irbadms hm gjab = g. î s. h‑mbu gjbuhm 2 faidfd 2 ifussm h‑bac ?>> i hm gjbkpaidfds 2 g. î s. h‑juacm h‑fcavm 2=> i hm jbragfts ocbdgs guats 2 g. î g. ofkoám hm kasf ocbdg 2 g. î g. hm kfutbrhm hfugm => i hm ebradm hm pfas gjagjms ?> i hm dfax gfdgbssáms   Hbds ud prmkamr tmkps, ebatms trmkpmr cms irbadms hm gjab bvmg c‑mbu gjbuhm, `usqu‑î gm qu‑mccms ifdecmdt. ^mdhbdt gm tmkps, ákadgmz c‑faidfd, c‑bac mt cms gjbkpaidfds, mt ebatms-cms rmvmdar hbds udm pfàcm bvmg c‑juacm h‑fcavm. ud rfoft, kaxmz c‑faidfd, rmstmHbds hms adiráhamdts mt cms irbadms hm c‑bac gjab.mt cms gjbkpaidfds pfàcás bvmg cm

 

Ibrhmz gm kácbdim bu erbas bu kadakuk pmdhbdt 2 jmurm. Ac smrb pcus ebgacm hm ebéfddmr cms ofucmttms udm efas cb pïtm erfahm. ^fur rfucmr cms ofucmttms, jukahaeamz vfs kbads mt efrkmz hm pmtatms  ofucms hm cb tbaccm h‑udm obccm hm padi-pfdi. ^rágjbueemz cm efur î 25> ¾G mt ebatms guarm cms ofucmttms udm vaditbadm hm kadutms. Wmrvmz gjbuh.  

 

_AP DFA_ Î CB GBDDMCCM fur 8 î 5 pmrsfddms Guassfd ?> î 7> kad 7>> i hm raz dfar  7 ifussms h‑bac ágrbsáms ? g. î s. hm tbkbra (pfur sbcmr) 2 oïtfd hm gbddmccm   Hbds udm gbssmrfcm fu hbds vftrm guasmur î raz, kmttmz tfus cms adiráhamdts mt gfuvrmz h‑mbu (cm hfuocm hu vfcukm hm raz). ]dm efas tfutm c‑mbu bosfroám, rmtarmz cm oïtfd hm gbddmccm, rmgtaeamz c‑bssbasfddmkmdt sa dágmssbarm. Uftrm raz mst pràt!

 

 

 

UMCF]XÁ HM O]XXM_D]X bux ápagms & bu cbat hm gfgf fur 8 î 5 pmrsfddms Guassfd ?> î 7> kad 2 faidfd 2 ifussm h‑bac 2 pmtatm gfurim outtmrdut 2 g. î g. hm gurry 2 padgám hm iadimkorm, hm gbddmccm mt hm vbdaccm md pfuhrm 2 eacmt h‑juacm h‑fcavm » guom hm ofuaccfd ?>> kc h‑mbu mdvarfd 8>> kc hm cbat hm gfgf   Hbds udm kbrkatm, ebatms rmvmdar c‑faidfd ákadgá, cb ifussm h‑bac ágrbsám mt cm outtmrdut pmcá mt gfupá md irfs guoms bvmg cms ápagms mt ud eacmt h‑juacm h‑fcavm `usqu‑î cáiêrm gfcfrbtafd. Hacumz cm hmka-guom hm ofuaccfd hbds c‑mbu taáham. Umrsmz cm cbat hm gfgf mt cm ofuaccfd hbds cb kbrkatm. Obassmz cm emu mt ebatms guarm udm ofddm vaditbadm hm kadutms `usqu‑î gm qum cb gfurim sfat tmdhrm. Gfupmz cm emu mt kaxmz vftrm prápbrbtafd bead h‑fotmdar udm omccm tmxturm hm vmcfutá, oamd cassm. Ifütmz mt rmgtaeamz c‑bssbasfddmkmdt sa dágmssbarm.

 

 

 

XB_XB_M KBDI]M BUFGBX EMDF]AC fur 8 î 5 pmrsfddms ? bvfgbts » kbdium 2 pmtat oucom hm emdfuac Cm `us hm » frbdim Cm `us hm » gatrfd 8 g. î g. hm vadbairm hm erbkofasm ? g. î s. h‑juacm h‑fcavm Wmc, pfavrm   Gfupmz cms bvfgbts, cb kbdium mt cm oucom hm emdfuac md orudfasm. ^rápbrmz cb kbradbhm0 `us pfavrm. hm c‑frbdim mt hu gatrfd hbds ud ofc, b`futmz cm vadbairm, c‑juacm,vmrsmz hu smc cm mt hu Umrsmz cb kbradbhm sur vftrm tbrtbrm. Eackmz mt pcbgmz bu erbas pmdhbdt 2= kadutms. Áifuttmz cáiêrmkmdt vftrm prápbrbtafd bvbdt hm hrmssmr cms bssamttms.  

 

C]DGJ OFYC hm pradtmkps  

EBCBEMCW B] EF]_  _AP OA@F] WBCBHM ^_ADXBDAÊ_M B]Z E_BAWMW & B]Z BW^M_IMW XBOF]CÁ HM GJF]-ECM]_ B]Z JM_OMW

 

 

 

EBCBEMCW B] EF]_  @‑bakm tfut pbrtagucaêrmkmdt gmttm rmgmttm três pbreukám hm ebcbemcs guats bu efur gfdtrbarmkmdt bu obad h‑juacm trbhatafddmc. Mccm mst hfdg ombugfup pcus cáiêrm, mt irïgm î cb gfkpftm hm pfkkm, cms ofucmttms rmstmdt kfmccmusms. Ufus pfuvmz rábcasmr gmttm rmgmttm bvmg h‑butrms cáiukadmusms (jbragfts rfuims guats mt kaxás pbr mxmkpcm). Ufus pfuvmz bussa utacasmr h‑butrms ápagms fu jmroms smcfd vfs mdvams.

fur 8 î 5 pmrsfddms Guassfd ?> kad 2 pfaidám hm pmrsac erbas ? ifussms h‑bac pmcáms mt ágrbsáms Cm `us hm 2 gatrfd 2 g. î s. h‑juacm h‑fcavm 2 g. î s. hm sarfp h‑árbocm 2 g. î s. hm gfkpftm hm pfkkm 2 g. î g. hm gukad md pfuhrm 2 g. î g. hm gurgukb md pfuhrm 2 g. î s. hm tbjada 2 pmtatm pfaidám hm paidfds hm pad 8>> i hm pfas gjagjms guats ]d pmu hm ebradm hm pfas gjagjms sa omsfad Wmc, pfavrm

 

  ^rágjbueemz cm efur î 2:> ¾G. Hbds ud rfoft, kaxmz cms jmroms, cms ifussms h‑bac, cm `us hm gatrfd, c‑juacm h‑fcavm, cm sarfp h‑árbocm, cb gfkpftm hm pfkkm, cms ápagms, cm tbjada, cm smc, cm  pfavrm mt cms paidfds. ^uas b`futmz cms pfas gjagjms mt gfdtadumz î kaxmr. Cb  pïtm dm hfat pbs ebarm ud jfukfus, kbas rmstmr ud u d pmu irbducmusm. Wa vfus cb trfuvmz trfp caquahm mt gfccbdtm, b`futmz ud pmtat pmu hm ebradm hm pfas gjagjms. Ibrhmz cb prápbrbtafd bu erbas udm pmtatm jmurm bvbdt hm rfucmr cms ebcbemcs< gm smrb ombugfup pcus ebgacm. ^rápbrmz ud pmtat ofc h‑mbu erfahm pfur jukahaeamr vfs kbads. Irïgm î gmttm bstugm, vfus fotamdhrmz hms ofucmttms pcus cassms, gbr cb pïtm dm hmvrbat  pbs rmstmr gfccám î vfs hfaits. _fucmz hms ebcbemcs hm cb tbaccm h‑udm obccm hm  padi-pfdi. Haspfsmz-cms sur udm pcbqum rmgfuvmrtm hm pbpamr guassfd, brrfsmz três cáiêrmkmdt h‑juacm h‑fcavm mt mdefurdmz pfur udm vaditbadm hm kadutms. Ufs ebcbemcs hfavmdt àtrm hfrás mt sm tmdar, tfut md ibrhbdt cmur kfmccmux.  

 

_AP OA@F] Ufus c‑burmz pmut-àtrm rmkbrquá, kb guasadm mst tmadtám hm dfkormusms adsparbtafds framdtbcms. Gm pcbt gfcfrá adgbrdm cb trbhatafd arbdamddm mt sfd brt h‑bggfkkfhmr cms eruats smgs hbds cb guasadm. Ac mst smrva trbhatafddmccmkmdt trbhatafddmccmk mdt cfrs hm kbrabims.

fur 8 î 5 pmrsfddms Guassfd ?> kad

7>> i hm raz 5> i hm pastbgjms 5> i h‑bkbdhms 2 frbdim ? g. î s. hm «omurrm váiátbc¼ 5> i hm grbdomrrams Wmc, pfavrm   _adgmz cm raz puas ebatms-cm guarm hbds hmux efas sfd vfcukm h‑mbu. ^mdhbdt gm tmkps, gfdgbssmz irfssaêrmkmdt cms pastbgjms mt cms bkbdhms. Pmstmz c‑frbdim. Rubdh cm raz mst î pfadt, rmtarmz cb gbssmrfcm hu emu mt b`futmz-y cm «omurrm váiátbc¼, cm smc mt cm pfavrm. Cms irbads hfavmdt rmstmr emrkms mt sm hágfccmr  ebgacmkmdt cms uds hms butrms.

 

Xrbdseármz cm raz hbds ud pcbt hm smrvagm bvmg cms eruats mt cm zmstm h‑frbdim. Kácbdimz sfaidmusmkmdt mt b`futmz bu omsfad ud pmu hm smc. Ofddm háiustbtafd!

 

 

 

WBCBHM ^_ADXBDAÊ_M bux erbasms & bux bspmrims fur 8 î 5 pmrsfddms 2 ofttm h‑bspmrims 2=> i hm pmtats pfas 2= rbhas 2 irfs bvfgbt ?>> i hm erbasms 2>> i hm kax hm `mudms pfussms 8 g. î s. hm irbadms hm gfurim

fur cb vadbairmttm 2> orads hm pmrsac pcbt 2> orads hm kmdtjm 8 g. î s. h‑juacm h‑fcavm Cm `us hm » gatrfd Wmc, pfavrm   Háobrrbssmz cms bspmrims hm cmur pbrtam ocbdgjm mt gfupmz-cms md trfas. Ebatms-cms mdsuatm guarm bvmg cms pmtats pfas î cb vbpmur pmdhbdt = kadutms. Cms cáiukms hfavmdt rmstmr grfqubdts.

 

Gfupmz cms rbhas md rfdhmccms, cms bvfgbts md cbkmccms mt cms erbasms md qubrtamr. Cbvmz cms `mudms pfussms. Ebatms gjbueemr udm pfàcm mt cbassmz-y iraccmr cáiêrmkmdt cms irbadms hm gfurim î smg pmdhbdt qumcqums kadutms sur emu kfymd. Mdtrm-tmkps, prápbrmz cb vadbairmttm bux jmroms brfkbtaqums0 gasmcmz eadmkmdt cm pmrsac mt cb kmdtjm, pcbgmz-cms hbds ud pmtat ofc. B`futmz cm rmstm hms adiráhamdts mt kácbdimz. Bssbasfddmz smcfd c‑mdvam. Bssmkocmz tfus cms adiráhamdts hbds ud irbdh sbcbhamr, brrfsmz hm vadbairmttm bux jmroms mt sbupfuhrmz hm irbadms hm gfurim tfrráeaáms.  

 

XBOF]CÁ HM GJF]-ECM]_  bux jmroms @‑bhfrm gm pcbt pfur sb sakpcagatá mt sb erbägjmur. Ufaga hfdg udm rmgmttm grum qua mst ud mxgmccmdt mxmkpcm hm trfkpm-c‑ŗac0 `m rïpm cm cáiukm bead h‑fotmdar udm tmxturm hm smkfucm qum `‑utacasm gfkkm bctmrdbtavm î cb trbhatafddmccm smkfucm hm ocá. Wa vfus d‑àtms pbs bhmptm hm cb guasadm grum vfus pfuvmz udm efas cm gjfuecmur ráhuat md smkfucm c‑áofuaccbdtmr três rbpahmkmdt.

fur 8 î 5 pmrsfddms 2 tàtm hm gjfu-ecmur  2 omccm pfaidám h‑ud kácbdim h‑jmroms erbägjms Cm `us hm 2 gatrfd 2 eacmt h‑juacm hm dfax fu hm dfasmttm 9= i hm irbadms hm gfurim ?>> i hm pmtats pfas Wmc, pfavrm   Gfupmz irfssaêrmkmdt cm gjfu-ecmur mt haspfsmz cms ofuqumts bvmg cb taim hbds ud kaxmur `usqu‑î fotmdtafd h‑udm tmxturm s‑bppbrmdtbdt î hm cb smkfucm. Wa vftrm bppbrmac hm guasadm mst hm pmtatm tbaccm, prfgáhmz md pcusamurs efas. ^cbgmz mdsuatm vftrm «smkfucm¼ hbds ud irbdh sbcbhamr.

 

Gasmcmz eadmkmdt cms jmroms mt b`futmz-cms bu gjfu-ecmur, badsa qum cm `us hm gatrfd, c‑juacm, cm smc mt cm pfavrm. Kácbdimz oamd. B`futmz cms irbadms hm gfurim, cms pmtats pfas grus s‑acs sfdt erbas fu  ocbdgjas, kácbdimz mdgfrm. _ásmrvmz bu erbas bvbdt hm smrvar.

Ubrabdtm Gmttm rmgmttm pmut áibcmkmdt àtrm rábcasám bvmg hu orfgfca fu hms gbrfttms, mt birákmdtám î vftrm iuasm pbr udm kuctatuhm hm irbadms imrkáms.

 

 

 

C]DGJ OFYC h‑átá  

OF]CMXXMW H‑B]OM_IADM B]Z BKBDHMW & B]Z FCAUMW ^ADL WBCBHM WBCBHM HM ^FAW GJAGJMW, ^M_WAC & ^AGLCMW HM KBDI]M XBOF]CÁ HM I_BADMW IM_KÁMW B]Z OBAMW HM IF@A

 

 

 

OF]CMXXMW H‑B]OM_IADM bux bkbdhms & bux fcavms fur 8 î 5 pmrsfddms Guassfd ?> kad ? buomriadms ? ifussms h‑bac 2 ágjbcftm 2 g. î s. h‑juacm h‑fcavm 2 g. î s. h‑jmroms hm ^rfvmdgm 2 trbdgjm hm pbad iraccá (sbds icutmd) fu pbad hm ecmur  2 pmtatm pfaidám h‑bkbdhms ]dm hazbadm h‑fcavms dfarms Wmc, pfavrm   ^rágjbueemz vftrm efur î 2:> ¾G. Cbvmz cms buomriadms mt tbaccmz-cms md pmtats hás sbds cms pmcmr. Ápcugjm, mt jbgjmz c‑bac mt c‑ágjbcftm. ^cbgmz cms buomriadms, c‑bac mt c‑ágjbcftm sur udm pcbqum rmgfuvmrtm hm  pbpamr guassfd, kácbdimz bvmg c‑juacm h‑fcavm mt cms jmroms hm ^rfvmdgm. Bssbasfddmz mt ebatms gjbueemr bu efur pmdhbdt ?> kadutms.

 

^mdhbdt gm tmkps, hbds cm ofc h‑ud rfoft0 kaxmz mdsmkocm cm pbad iraccá, cms bkbdhms mt cms fcavms. ]dm efas cms buomriadms bu efur guatms, b`futmz-cms mt kaxmz mdgfrm pbr akpucsafds. Ibrhmz cm tfut bu kfads udm jmurm bu erbas. Bu hm kfkmdt hm h‑udm rfucmrobccm cms ofucmttms, jukahaeamz vfs kbads mt efrkmz  ofucms cb tbaccm hm padi-pfdi. Mdefurdmz hm dfuvmbu pfurhms 2= kadutms.  

 

^ADL WBCBHM fur 8 î 5 pmrsfddms ? orbdgjms hm obsacag 2 faidfd 2 pbkpcmkfussm rfsm 7>> i hm pbstêqum 8 omccms tfkbtms

fur cb sbugm Cm `us mt cm zmstm h‑ud gatrfd `budm ? g. î s. hm sugrm » g. î g. hm vbdaccm md pfuhrm 8 g. î s. h‑juacm h‑fcavm Wmc, pfavrm   Gfkkmdgmz pbr prápbrmr cb sbugm md prácmvbdt cm zmstm mt cm `us hu gatrfd. Hbds udm pmtatm gbssmrfcm, ebatms hfugmkmdt gjbueemr cm `us hm gatrfd, cm sugrm mt cb vbdaccm pmdhbdt = kadutms. Gfupmz cm emu mt b`futmz c‑juacm h‑fcavm. Efumttmz vaifurmusmkmdt, sbcmz, pfavrmz mt cbassmz rmerfahar vftrm sbugm. ^rápbrmz kbadtmdbdt cb sbcbhm. Gasmcmz cm obsacag. ^mcmz mt gfupmz c‑faidfd

md eadms cbkmccms. ^rácmvmz cms supràkms hu pbkpcmkfussm. Hátbaccmz cb

 

 pbstêqum md kfrgmbux ráiucamrs mt cms tfkbtms md eadms trbdgjms. Hbds ud sbcbhamr, kácbdimz cms haeeármdts eruats, c‑faidfd mt cm obsacag. Brrfsmz hm sbugm mt rásmrvmz udm trmdtbadm hm kadutms bu erbas bvbdt hm smrvar.

 

 

 

WBCBHM HM ^FAW GJAGJMW mrsac & paglcms hm kbdium Fd utacasm ombugfup cms jmroms pfur pbreukmr cms pcbts, kbas cms emuaccms hfugms, gfkkm cm pmrsac, pmuvmdt bussa smrvar h‑mxgmccmdtm obsm pfur udm sbcbhm. Cm gácêorm tbofucá caobdbas md mst h‑baccmurs ud ofd mxmkpcm.

fur 8 î 5 pmrsfddms 2 pmtat ofuqumt hm pmrsac 2 pmtat gatrfd gfdeat 2 faidfd rfuim 8>> i hm pfas gjagjms guats 2 eacmt h‑juacm h‑fcavm Cm `us hm » gatrfd ^favrm (cm smc mst há`î três prásmdt hbds cm gatrfd gfdeat!)

fur cms paglcms hm kbdium ?=> kc h‑mbu 2?= kc hm vadbairm hm raz ?=> i hm sugrm 2 g. î g. ofkoám hm smc » g. î g. hm pakmdt

= gcfus hm iarfecm

 

2 g. î g. hm obams rfsms 2 kbdium

CMW ^AGLCMW HM KBDI]M Bu kadakuk ?8 jmurms bvbdt, rábcasmz cms paglcms hm kbdium. Ebatms gjbueemr c‑mbu hbds udm pmtatm gbssmrfcm, b`futmz cm vadbairm hm raz, cm sugrm mt cm smc. Cbassmz efdhrm hfugmkmdt, puas b`futmz cm pakmdt, cms gcfus hm iarfecm mt cms obams. ^fursuavmz cb guassfd qumcqums adstbdts. Xbaccmz cb kbdium md pmtats guoms mt kmttmz-cms hbds ud ofgbc. Umrsmz cb kbradbhm sur cb kbdium, emrkmz cm ofgbc jmrkátaqumkmdt mt rásmrvmz.

CB WBCBHM Cbvmz mt jbgjmz irfssaêrmkmdt cm ofuqumt hm pmrsac. Ápápadmz mt ákadgmz cm gatrfd gfdeat. ^mcmz, gfupmz md hmux mt hátbaccmz c‑faidfd md eadms hmkacudms. Kácbdimz gms adiráhamdts bvmg cms pfas gjagjms. B`futmz 2>> i hm paglcms hm kbdium, brrfsmz h‑ud eacmt h‑juacm h‑fcavm mt hm `us hm gatrfd. ^favrmz cáiêrmkmdt. G‑mst pràt!

mkbrqum Cms paglcms gfdeats hfddmdt hu rmcame bux rmgmttms. Acs pmuvmdt kàkm rmkpcbgmr c‑bssbasfddmkmdt irïgm î cmur ifüt vadbairá. Mdead, g‑mst udm ofddm ebéfd hm gfdsmrvmr cms bcakmdts hm sbasfd.  

 

XBOF]CÁ HM I_BADMW IM_KÁMW bux obams hm if`a fur 8 î 5 pmrsfddms 2?> i hm smkfucm hm kbæs raz (Kbrlbc ©) 2 pmtat gfdgfkorm 2 faidfd dfuvmbu 8 orads hm kmdtjm 8 orads hm pmrsac 8> i hm irbadms imrkáms 7> i hm obams hm if`a 5 g. î s. h‑juacm hm gfczb 8 g. î s. h‑juacm h‑fcavm Wmc, pfavrm   Hbds ud irbdh sbcbhamr, rájyhrbtmz cb smkfucm bvmg hm c‑mbu taêhm. Umrsmz c‑mbu pmtat î pmtat gbr gfdtrbarmkmdt î cb smkfucm hm ocá, cb smkfucm hm kbæs raz mst ombugfup pcus smdsaocm. Cbvmz cm gfdgfkorm, øtmz cms pápads mt tbaccmz-cm md pmtats guoms. ^mcmz mt jbgjmz c‑faidfd. Cbvmz mt gasmcmz eadmkmdt cms jmroms. Kácbdimz cm gfdgfkorm, cms îjmroms, cms irbadms mt cms obams hm if`a. Adgfrpfrmz gmttmc‑faidfd, prápbrbtafd cb smkfucm hm kbæsimrkáms raz, mt brrfsmz

 obams hm if`a. Adgfrpfrmz gmttm prápbrbtafd î cb smkfucm hm kbæs raz, mt brrfsmz cm tfut h‑juacm hm gfczb mt h‑juacm h‑fcavm. Bssbasfddmz hm smc mt hm pfavrm.

 

^cbgmz bu erbas bvbdt hm smrvar.

 

 

 

‑brt hm c‑bssbasfddmkmdt  Cb kbätrasm hm c‑bssbasfddmkmdt gfkptm pbrka cms bptatuhms gucadbarms cms pcus omccms mt cms pcus utacms. Mccm mst sfuvmdt cb kbrqum hms guasadamrs advmdtaes. C‑bssbasfddmkmdt, bussa sakpcm sfat-ac, rávêcm dftrm pbrt hm grábtavatá butbdt qum dftrm iádárfsatá. Rubdh ac mst ráussa, c‑bssbasfddmkmdt jbrkfdasm cm pcbt tfut md kmttbdt md vbcmur gjbqum adiráhamdt. G‑mst ud brt hácagbt fñ cm «trfp¼ gfkkm cm «pbs bssmz¼ pmuvmdt gfkprfkmttrm c‑mdsmkocm h‑udm rábcasbtafd gucadbarm.

Rumc bssbasfddmkmdt pfur qumc stbhm hm guassfd  ‗  Háout hm guassfd0 irbadms, brfkbtms, ápagms «jukahms¼ (iadimkorm, bac,  pakmdt, mtg.)…  ‗  Gfurs hm guassfd0 jmroms sêgjms, ápagms sêgjms…  ‗  Ead hm guassfd0 jmroms erbiacms, kasf…  ‗  Bprês guassfd0 ifkbsaf, juacms pbreukáms, pmstf…

mgmttm hm cb vadbairmttm ahábcm  ‗  ‗  ‗  ‗  ‗  ‗ 

⅗ h‑juacm h‑fcavm ⅗ h‑juacm hm gfczb dfd rbeeadám ⅗ hm vadbairm mt/fu hm `us hm gatrfd » g. î g. hm kfutbrhm fu hm purám h‑fcábiadmux Wmc, pfavrm Cm trug md pcus0 kasf fu sbugm sf`b î cb pcbgm hu smc, jmroms brfkbtaqums ákadgáms (pmrsac, obsacag, mstrbifd, gfrabdhrm…), brfkbtms gfupás três ead

(bac, iadimkorm, faidfd erbas, pakmdt, ápagms, zmstm h birukm…), mtg.

 

mkbrqum Wa cms juacms h‑fcavm mt hm gfczb sfdt pbrebatmkmdt bhbptáms bux omsfads hm c‑fribdaskm mt káratmdt h‑àtrm utacasáms bu quftahamd, `m vfus mdgfurbim î ebarm hms mxpáramdgms bvmg h‑butrms juacms0 hm gbkmcadm, hm dfax, hm sásbkm iraccá, hm dfasmttm… qua bppfrtmdt hms sbvmurs vrbakmdt haeeármdtms. Î gfdsmrvmr bu ráeraiárbtmur.

mgmttm hm cb kbradbhm ahábcm  ‗  Hu sugrá0 `us hm eruats erbas, sarfp h‑árbocm fu h‑bibvm…  ‗  Hu sbcá0 smc, kasf, sbugm sf`b…  ‗  Hm c‑bgahm0 gatrfd, vadbairm…  ‗  0 kfutbrhm, iadimkorm, paqubdt  ‗  Hu 0 juacm h‑fcavm, hm gfczb… bac, pakmdt, pfavrm… Hu irbs  ‗  Cm trug md pcus0 ápagms md pfuhrm, jmroms erbägjms mt sêgjms, zmstms h‑birukms… Ufus pfuvmz utacasmr gmttm kbradbhm pfur «bttmdhrar¼ cms gruhatás (emdfuac ákadgá, gbrfttms rïpáms, rbhas md rfdhmccm…), brfkbtasmr hms cáiukms bvbdt cmur guassfd, ebarm kbradmr hms hás hm tfeu, mtg.

Gfdsmrvmz cms jmroms erbägjms  ‗ Wa vfus bvmz ud pmu hm tmkps, háebatms cm ofuqumt, dmttfymz cms orads, gfupmz cm ofut hms taims sur ? gk, áifuttmz oraêvmkmdt, puas pcbgmz cm tfut hbds ud tfrgjfd ead mt prfprm.  ‗ Wa vfus àtms prmssá, prmdmz ud pmtat ofgbc vahm, rmkpcassmz-cm bvmg ? gk h‑mbu, kmttmz cms jmroms hmhbds gfkkm ud ofuqumt, puas pcbgmz cm ofgbc bu eraif. Gjbdimz c‑mbu tfus cms trfas `furs.  

 

I]BGBKFCM Ufaga kb vmrsafd hu iubgbkfcm qum `‑utacasm pfur cms ebkmux bvfgbhf tfbsts, kbas bussa md bpáratae bvmg hms gruhatás, md sbugm fu md bggfkpbidmkmdt hbds ud ofwc. Bvmg cm jfukfus, cm iubgbkfcm mst c‑ud hms haps cms pcus ebgacms î prápbrmr. @‑bakm tmccmkmdt cm ifüt mt cm grákmux hm c‑bvfgbt qum `‑mssbym bvmg gmttm rmgmttm hm cm sfucaidmr sbds cm hádbturmr.

fur 8 î 5 pmrsfddms 7 bvfgbts » faidfd ? g. î s. h‑juacm h‑fcavm 2 padgám hm gukad 2 padgám hm pakmdt h‑Mspmcmttm 7 g. î s. hm `us hm gatrfd Wmc, pfavrm   Ufus bvmz hmux pfssaoacatás pfur rábcasmr vftrm iubgbkfcm0 Wfat vfus sfujbatmz udm tmxturm oamd cassm mt vfus utacasmz bcfrs ud rfoft fu ud kaxmur pcfdimbdt bead hm kaxmr tfus cms adiráhamdts mdsmkocm. Wfat vfus práeármz udm tmxturm bvmg hm cb «kïgjm¼ mt vfus hmvmz hbds gm

gbs ákadgmr três, três eadmkmdt c faidfd, puas ágrbsmr c bvfgbt î cb efurgjmttm bvbdt hm kácbdimr cm tfut bvmg c‑bssbasfddmkmdt.

 

 

 

IFKBWAF fur ud pmtat ofgbc  2>> i hm irbadms hm sásbkm gfkpcmt 2> i hm smc hm Iuárbdhm   Ebatms iraccmr cms irbadms hm sásbkm hbds udm pfàcm, sur emu kfymd î vae. _mkumz gfdstbkkmdt. Hês qum cms irbadms ocfdhassmdt, átmaidmz cm emu. B`futmz cm irfs smc mt pcbgmz cm tfut hbds ud kfrtamr. Ágrbsmz `usqu‑î gm qu‑mdvarfd :>% hms irbadms hm sásbkm sfamdt kfucums. ^cbgmz cm ifkbsaf hbds ud pmtat ofgbc md vmrrm emrká, hbds ud mdhrfat  pcutøt erbas.

Ubrabdtms Cm ifkbsaf ‗ qua saidaeam «smc hm sásbkm¼ md `bpfdbas ‗ pmut àtrm bhhatafddá hm hmux guaccmráms î sfupm h‑bciums ságjáms md pbaccmttms. Fd pmut áibcmkmdt cm prápbrmr î pbrtar h‑butrms irbadms mt dfax, md rmspmgtbdt cms prfpfrtafds adhaquáms. ^mrsfddmccmkmdt, `‑bakm ombugfup cm kácbdim gfurim/sásbkm fu dfax/gfurim. Fd utacasm cm ifkbsaf î cb pcbgm hu smc, md sbupfuhrbdt sur  d‑akpfrtm qumc adiráhamdt guat fu gru.

 

 

 

CM PBBXB_  Cm zbbtbr mst ud kácbdim h‑ápagms mt h‑brfkbtms adgfdtfurdbocm hm cb guasadm hu Kfymd-Framdt. Ac gfdtamdt hu tjyk syramd, kbas bussa hu rfkbrad, hm cb sbrramttm, hu sásbkm hfrá mt hu sukbg. Xfutmefas, ac md mxastm pcusamurs vmrsafds. G‑mst h‑bofrh cm ifüt hu tjyk qua hfkadm, sa vfus cm rábcasmz bvmg hu tjyk syramd, pcus puassbdt mt bgahm qum cm tjyk erbdébas, vfus fotamdhrmz ud pbreuk «pfadtu¼. Bprês cm tjyk, cm sukbg bppfrtm hm c‑bgahatá, cm sásbkm hm cb rfdhmur mt hms brøkms iraccás, mdead cms jmroms ud ifüt hm ibrraium. @m c‑utacasm pfur pbreukmr cm jfukfus, kbas bussa sur hu pbad trmkpá cáiêrmkmdt hbds c‑juacm h‑fcavm.

fur 7= i  7 g. î s. hm tjyk 2 g. î g. hm rfkbrad 2 g. î g. hm sbrramttm 2 g. î s. hm sukbg ? g. î g. hm irbadms hm sásbkm tfrráeaáms 2 padgám hm irfs smc   Kácbdimz adtakmkmdt hu ofut hms hfaits. G‑mst pràt!

 

 

 

WB]GM B] QBF]_X fur 8 î 5 pmrsfddms 2?= i hm ybfurt hm sf`b dbturm 2 hbttm kmh`fuc hádfybutám 2 g. î g. h‑faidfd smkfucm (faidfd smg md pfuhrm) 2 g. î g. h‑bac smkfucm 2 g. î g. hm `us hm gatrfd 2 g. î g. h‑juacm h‑fcavm 2 padgám hm pbpralb Wmc, pfavrm   Kaxmz tfus cms adiráhamdts mdsmkocm hbds ud rfoft. G‑mst pràt!

mkbrqum Gmttm rmgmttm sugrám/sbcám rmdgfdtrm md iádárbc ud irbdh suggês. Mccm sm kbram bvmg hm dfkormusms prápbrbtafds0 gfcmscbw, quadfb, eratms hm pbtbtm hfugm…  

 

WB]GM WBXBQ fur 8 î 5 pmrsfddms 8 g. î s. hm omurrm hm gbgbjuêtm ? g. î s. hm tbkbra 2 g. î s. hm sarfp h‑árbocm » g. î s. hm vadbairm hm raz 2 padgám hm pakmdt md pfuhrm ? padgáms hm iadimkorm md pfuhrm 2 g. î s. hm `us hm gatrfd Mbu gjbuhm   Kaxmz fu kácbdimz vaifurmusmkmdt tfus cms adiráhamdts mdsmkocm. Cb qubdtatá h‑mbu î adtáirmr î cb rmgmttm hápmdh hm cb tmxturm qum vfus sfujbatmz.

mkbrqum Gmttm sbugm î obsm hm omurrm hm gbgbjuêtm mst três gmrtbadmkmdt kb sbugm cb  pcus ifurkbdhm. @m cb kbram î hms cáiukms grus fu guats, kbas bussa î hms dfuaccms hm raz fu mdgfrm md bggfkpbidmkmdt hm rfucmbux hm pradtmkps.  

 

G_ÊKM HM GB@F] E]KÁM fur 8 î 5 pmrsfddms 2=> i hm purám hm dfax hm gb`fu 2 gk hm iadimkorm erbas ? g. î s. hm tbkbra 2 g. î s. hm vadbairm hm gahrm ? g. î s. hm eukám caquahm 7> kc h‑mbu   Hbds ud rfoft, rbssmkocmz tfus cms adiráhamdts mt kaxmz `usqu‑î fotmdar  udm sbugm jfkfiêdm mt ecuahm. Umrsmz c‑mbu pmtat î pmtat pfur hátmdhrm cb sbugm smcfd cb gfdsastbdgm sfujbatám.

mkbrqum Ufus pfuvmz áibcmkmdt rábcasmr gmttm sbugm î cb kbad md rïpbdt prábcbocmkmdt cm iadimkorm, fu md cm rmkpcbébdt pbr udm guaccmrám î gbeá hm iadimkorm kfucu.

 

 

 

ms smgrmts hms `us hm eruats mt hm cáiukms erbas Rumccm mst cb haeeármdgm mdtrm ud `us mt ud skfftjam6 Cm `us sm prápbrm bvmg ud mxtrbgtmur0 ac mst cassm gbr ac dm gfdtamdt pbs hm eaorms, kbas ac dágmssatm hm ebarm bprês udm vbassmccm ud pmu cboframusm. Cm skfftjam sm prápbrm md = kadutms bu ocmdhmr0 ac gfdtamdt tfutms cms eaorms hms váiátbux, mt hfdg rbssbsam hbvbdtbim. Kbadtmdbdt, g‑mst î vfus hm gjfasar!

Gfkkmdt prápbrmr ud `us vmrt î c‑mxtrbgtmur   ‗  pfkkm, Gjfasassmz hmux emdfuac obsms pbrka cms váiátbux gfdgfkorm, gácmra, gbrfttm, mt bdbdbs< gm sfdt cmssuavbdts0 pcus `utmux. Gfupmz-cms md irfs kfrgmbux mt pcbgmz-cms hbds c‑mxtrbgtmur.  ‗ B`futmz ud fu pcusamurs eruat(s) mt/fu cáiukm(s) áibcmkmdt `utmux, kbas  pcus eaormux0 obdbdm, kbdium, bvfgbt, omttmrbvm, pfarm, lawa, erbasm, kmcfd, frbdim, pbkpcmkfussm. Acs s‑bssfgamdt tfus três oamd.  ‗ ^fur hfddmr hu «pmps¼, b`futmz ud kfrgmbu hm ? fu 7 gk hm iadimkorm fu cm `us h‑ud hmka-gatrfd.  ‗ Adgfrpfrmz udm tfugjm vmrtm puraeabdtm0 pmtatm pfaidám hm pmrsac, hm kmdtjm, hm gfrabdhrm fu hm obsacag.  ‗ Mdead, b`futmz cm cáiukm vmrt0 orfgfca, ápadbrhs… mt ebatms tfurdmr!

Gfkkmdt prápbrmr ud irmmd skfftjam  ‗ Hbds cm ofc hu ocmdhmr, kmttmz 2=> kc hm «caquahm¼0 hm c‑mbu hm gfgf, hu cbat váiátbc (rmgmttm p. (rmgmttm p. 8>), 8>), ud `us hm eruat fu hm cáiukm… smcfd vfs mdvams.

 

 ‗ B`futmz ud eruat fu ud cáiukm «gfdsastbdt¼ gfupá md kfrgmbux (obdbdm, kbdium, bvfgbt…)< gmcua-ga vb smrvar hm obsm mt hfddmr udm gfdsastbdgm ápbassm mt grákmusm bu `us.  ‗ B`futmz ud hmuxaêkm hms mt ávmdtumccmkmdt ud u dc‑bdbdbs, trfasaêkmhueruat pfur @m gjfasas iádárbcmkmdt eruats rfuims, hm lawa, hm cm cb ifüt. pfarm… Xfus sm kaxmdt pbrebatmkmdt mdsmkocm mt pbreukmdt cm skfftjam sbds cm rmdhrm trfp ápbas.  ‗ Mdead, adtrfhuasmz udm tfugjm hm vmrt. Cms ápadbrhs sfdt kms práeárás pfur  gm typm hm ofassfd, gbr acs sm kaxmdt três oamd mt gjbdimdt cb gfucmur hm cb  prápbrbtafd sbds md bctármr cm ifüt.

bguctbtae 

 ‗ Wa vfus gjmrgjmz î fotmdar ud `us gfdsastbdt, pfur cm pmtat há`mudmr pbr  mxmkpcm, b`futmz udm guaccêrm î gbeá hm purám h‑fcábiadmux (bkbdhm, dfasmttm, gb`fu, gbgbjuêtm, sásbkm…), fu udm guaccêrm î sfupm hm ecfgfds fu hm dfax hm gfgf rïpám, hms irbadms hm gjab, hms prftáadms hm gjbdvrm md  pfuhrm fu mdgfrm ud ybfurt váiátbc.  ‗ Wa vfus bvmz hu kbc î vfus pbssmr hu ifüt sugrá, b`futmz bu gjfax udm hbttm kmh`fuc hádfybutám, fu qumcqums ifuttms hm sarfp h‑árbocm fu h‑bibvm.  ‗ Mdead sa vfus hásarmz rmdefrgmr c‑bspmgt bdtafxyhbdt, adgfrpfrmz hms supmrbcakmdts0 sparucadm, kbgb, bébæ, gbgbf gru, irbadms hm gjab, prftáadms hm gjbdvrm, obams hm if`a fu eruat hm obfobo (carm p. (carm  p. ?1?1-7?). 7?).  ‗ Kaxmz. Háiustmz akkáhabtmkmdt pfur prfeatmr hm tfutms cms vatbkadms!

 

 

 

I_MMD IBW^BGJF fkkm bvfgbt gfdgfkorm fur 8 pmrsfddms ? gfdgfkorms dfb ? faidfds dfuvmbux ? gk hm rbgadm hm iadimkorm 2 pfkkm irbddy-skatj ? orads hm obsacag ? orads hm gfrabdhrm 2 orad hm kmdtjm ? orads hm pmrsac Cb gjbar h‑ud bvfgbt Cm `us hm » gatrfd ? g. î s. h‑juacm h‑fcavm Wmc, pfavrm    Dmttfymz cms cáiukms mt cb pfkkm, adsastmz md erfttbdt oamd cb pmbu. _adgmz cms jmroms. ^bssmz tfus cms adiráhamdts î cb gmdtraeuimusm fu î c‑mxtrbgtmur hm `us, sbue c‑bvfgbt.

^cbgmz cm `us fotmdu cm ofc mth‑ud rfofth‑fcavm. mt kaxmz md adgfrpfrbdt cb gjbar hm c‑bvfgbt, cm `ushbds hm gatrfd c‑juacm Wbcmz cáiêrmkmdt mt  pfavrmz.

 

_ásmrvmz bu erbas bvbdt hm smrvar. B`futmz qumcqums icbéfds sa dágmssbarm.

Ubrabdtm Wa vfus d‑bvmz pbs hm gmdtraeuimusm fu h‑mxtrbgtmur hm `us, kaxmz tfus cms cáiukms mt cms jmroms bvmg cm `us hm gatrfd mt c‑juacm h‑fcavm pmdhbdt qumcqums kadutms. _águpármz mdsuatm cm `us hu ibspbgjf md ágrbsbdt gmttm purám î trbvmrs udm pbssfarm três eadm mt kaxmz hm dfuvmbu bprês bvfar b`futá c‑bvfgbt.

 

 

 

XB_XB_M H‑BCI]MW H‑BCI]MW E E_BÄGJMW _BÄGJMW fur ?=> i  => i hm hucsms erbägjms (fu udm butrm bcium smcfd vftrm ifüt) 2 faidfd dfuvmbu ? gfrdagjfds 2 ifussm h‑bac 2 g. î g. hm gïprms 2 g. î s. h‑bciums hásjyhrbtáms 2 g. î g. h‑juacm h‑fcavm Cm `us hm » gatrfd   _adgmz mt ebatms trmkpmr c‑bcium erbägjm pfur cb hmssbcmr. Jbgjmz eadmkmdt (fu kaxmz irfssaêrmkmdt) c‑faidfd dfuvmbu, cms gfrdagjfds, c‑bac, c‑bcium erbägjm mt cms gïprms. Kácbdimz tfus gms adiráhamdts bvmg cms bciums hásjyhrbtáms, c‑juacm mt cm us hm gatrfd. G‑mst pràt! Wmrvmz bggfkpbidá hm grbglmrs (vfar rmgmttm p. rmgmttm  p. 2?1) 2?1) mt h‑ud vmrrm hm vftrm irmmd ibspbgjf (vfar rmgmttm p. rmgmttm p. 2?8). 2?8).

 

 

 

G_BGLM_W î cb pucpm hm cáiukms Ufaga udm rmgmttm zárf hágjmt î rábcasmr irïgm î cb pucpm hm cáiukms qum vfus fotamdhrmz bprês c‑mxtrbgtafd h‑ud irmmd ibspbgjf (vfar rmgmttm p. 2?8)) fu h‑udm sfupm erfahm. G‑mst áibcmkmdt udm rmgmttm cáiêrm mt sbds 2?8 icutmd, pbrebatm pfur c‑bpáratae fu pfur ud pmtat grmux.

fur 8 î 5 pmrsfddms 2=> i hm irbadms hm cad ?>> i hm pucpm hm cáiukms (bprês rábcasbtafd h‑ud `us vfar rmgmttm p. rmgmttm  p. 2?8 2?8)) 2=> i hm irbadms hm sásbkm 2>> i hm irbadms hm gfurim ? g. î s. h‑jmroms fu h‑ápagms hm vftrm gjfax » g. î g. hm smc   Hbds ud ofc, ebatms trmkpmr cms irbadms hm cad 7> kadutms hbds 7> gc h‑mbu (tfutm c‑mbu hfat àtrm bosfroám). ^cbgmz mdsuatm cms irbadms hm cad ifdecáms hbds ud sbcbhamr mt b`futmz cm rmstm hms adiráhamdts. Kácbdimz cm tfut pfur efrkmr udm pïtm. Átbcmz hm ebéfd jfkfiêdm mdtrm hmux emuaccms hm pbpamr guassfd bvmg udm ápbassmur h‑mdvarfd >,= gk.

Wa vfus bvmz ud hásjyhrbtmur, pcbgmz vfs grbglmrs 2> î 2? jmurms î c‑adtáramur î cb tmkpárbturm hm 8> ¾G. _mtfurdmz cms grbglmrs mt pfursuavmz cb

 

hásjyhrbtbtafd pmdhbdt mdgfrm 5 î : jmurms. Ac mst áibcmkmdt pfssaocm hm guarm cb pïtm bu efur0 prágjbueemz vftrm efur î ?2> ¾G, mdefurdmz vfs grbglmrs pmdhbdt 7> kadutms. Ufus pfuvmz stfglmr vfs grbglmrs pmdhbdt ? kfas hbds ud rágapamdt jmrkátaqum.

 

 

 

JF]KF]W & sms vbrabdtms @m smrbas gbpbocm hm km dfurrar mxgcusavmkmdt hm jfukfus! Gmttm spágabcatá mst três ebgacm î prápbrmr mt s‑bggfkkfhm vrbakmdt bvmg tfut0 hms gruhatás, hu quadfb, hms sbcbhms, fu mdgfrm sur hu pbad iraccá mt hm c‑bvfgbt. Cm jfukfus pmrkmt bussa h‑mdragjar ud rmpbs md prftáadms. G‑mst pfurqufa `m c‑adgcus sa sfuvmdt hbds cb gfkpfsatafd hm kms ofwcs.

fur 8 î 5 pmrsfddms 8>> i hm pfas gjagjms ? g. î s. hm purám hm sásbkm = g. î s. hm tbkbra ? ifussms h‑bac ?> kc hm `us hm gatrfd 2=> kc h‑juacm h‑fcavm 2 g. î g. hm zbbtbr (vfar rmgmttm p. rmgmttm p. 225) 225)   Kmttmz tfut sakpcmkmdt c‑mdsmkocm hms adiráhamdts hbds cm ofc h‑ud rfoft mt kaxmz `usqu‑î c‑fotmdtafd h‑udm grêkm cassm. Gfdsmrvmz udm smkbadm bu ráeraiárbtmur hbds ud rágapamdt jmrkátaqum.

 stugm

 

^fur ud jfukfus pcus caijt, ibrhmz ud pmu h‑mbu hms pfas gjagjms pfur  gfupmr cb qubdtatá h‑juacm fu hátmdhrm cb prápbrbtafd, sa vfus sfujbatmz udm tmxturm pcus sfupcm.

mkbrqum Ufus pfuvmz rmkpcbgmr cm zbbtbr pbr hu gukad.

Ubrabdtm Î pbrtar hm cb rmgmttm hu jfukfus gcbssaqum, vfus pfuvmz prápbrmr ud jfukfus gbrfttm mt omurrm hm gbgbjuêtm. B`futmz trfas omccms gbrfttms guatms bu efur î 2:> ¾G pmdhbdt udm trmdtbadm hm kadutms fu udm hazbadm hm kadutms î cb vbpmur. _mkpcbgmz cb purám hm sásbkm pbr hmux guaccmráms î sfupm hm omurrm hm gbgbjuêtm mt cm zbbtbr pbr udm guaccmrám î gbeá hm pbpralb.

 

 

 

B]OM_IADMW UB^M]_  bu iadimkorm & bu sásbkm C‑buomriadm mst ud cáiukm qua hmkbdhm md iádárbc ombugfup h‑juacm pfur sb guassfd. G‑mst pfurqufa `‑bakm tfut pbrtagucaêrmkmdt gmttm rmgmttm qua utacasm udm guassfd vbpmur sbds irbassm.

fur 8 î 5 pmrsfddms Guassfd 7> kadutms ? buomriadms ? g. î s. hm tbkbra 2 g. î s. h‑juacm hm sásbkm 2 g. î s. hm sarfp h‑árbocm 2 g. î s. hm vadbairm hm raz ? g. î g. hm iadimkorm erbas rïpá 2 ifussm h‑bac ágrbsám ? g. î s. hm irbadms hm sásbkm   Ebatms guarm cms buomriadms î cb vbpmur pmdhbdt mdvarfd 7> kadutms. ]dm efas guatms, cbassmz-cms rmerfahar mt s‑áifuttmr. ^uas ágrbsmz-cms î cb efurgjmttm fu jbgjmz-cms eadmkmdt. ^rápbrmz mdsuatm c‑bssbasfddmkmdt0 kácbdimz cm tbkbra, c‑juacm hm sásbkm, cm sarfp h‑árbocm mt cm vadbairm hm raz. Adgfrpfrmz cm iadimkorm rïpá mt c‑bac

ágrbsá, kácbdimz hm dfuvmbu.

 

Brrfsmz cms buomriadms hm vadbairmttm mt rmkumz hácagbtmkmdt bvbdt hm sbupfuhrmr hm irbadms hm sásbkm.

 Pffk sur cm tbkbra mt cm kasf

Gm sfdt hmux prfhuats î obsm hm sf`b emrkmdtá. Cm tbkbra  rmssmkocm î cb sbugm sf`b gjadfasm kbas, î sb haeeármdgm, ac dm gfdtamdt pbs hm ocá mt b udm sbvmur pcus hfugm. Cm kasf mst udm pïtm hm gfucmur omaim, ragjm md prftáadms, qua b udm sbvmur  gfkpbrbocm bu tbkbra. C‑ud mt c‑butrm sfdt bussa meeagbgms pfur rmjbussmr cms sbvmurs mxastbdtms sbds cms bctármr.  

 

_F]CMB]Z HM ^_ADXMK^W fur 8 î 5 pmrsfddms ]dm vaditbadm hm emuaccms hm raz hm 25 fu 2: gk hm habkêtrm ]dm vaditbadm hm emuaccms hm kmdtjm ]dm vaditbadm hm oïtfddmts (mdvarfd 5 gk) hm gfdgfkorm fu hm «eratms¼ hm  pbtbtm hfugm guatm bu efur (smcfd cb sbasfd) ]dm vaditbadm hm trbdgjms h‑bvfgbt 2 ofc hm gjfu rfuim rïpá 2 ofc hm gbrfttms rïpáms 2 ofc hm sbcbhm Hms irbadms imrkáms   ^rápbrmz cm pcbd hm trbvbac bvmg ud tfrgjfd prfprm mt jukahm, ud irbdh ofc h‑mbu taêhm mt tfus vfs adiráhamdts î pfrtám hm kbad. Xrmkpmz udm smucm ebgm hm vftrm emuaccm hm raz hbds c‑mbu taêhm puas hápfsmz cb ebgm sêgjm gfdtrm cm tfrgjfd sbds ebarm hm pcas. ^cbgmz cms adiráhamdts sur cb pbrtam adeáramurm hm cb emuaccm (gmccm qua mst cb pcus prfgjm hm vfus)0 udm emuaccm hm kmdtjm, ud oïtfddmt hm gfdgfkorm fu hm pbtbtm hfugm, udm trbdgjm h‑bvfgbt, udm padgám hm gjfu rfuim mt udm padgám hm gbrfttm, ud  pmu hm sbcbhm mt qumcqums irbadms imrkáms. Bttmdtafd î dm pbs trfp kmttrm hm ibrdaturm mt î dm pbs cb cbassmr pbrtar sur 

cms gøtás. Acs hfavmdt rmstmr dus pfur àtrm gfrrmgtmkmdt rbobttus mdsuatm.

 

^rmdmz c‑mxtrákatá adeáramurm hm cb emuaccm hm raz, rbobttmz-cb sur cb ibrdaturm mt rfucmz ud pmu, md smrrbdt oamd, `usqu‑î gm qum cm ofrh sbasa brravm bu davmbu hm c‑adtáramur hm cb emuaccm mt c‑bggrfgjm ud pmu. _bobttmz bcfrs cms hmux gøtás hm cb emuaccm vmrs cm gmdtrm. Xmrkadmz hm rfucmr md bvbdébdt. Cm rfucmbu tamdt tfut smuc. Wmrvmz cms rfucmbux hm pradtmkps bvmg hm cb sbugm sbtby (vfar rmgmttm p. rmgmttm  p. 22:). 22:).

 

 

 

HBJC Î CB DFAZ HM GFGF fur 8 pmrsfddms Guassfd ?> kadutms 2 faidfd 2 ifussm h‑bac 2 g. î s. h‑juacm h‑fcavm 2 g. î s. hm gurry 2 g. î g. hm pakmdt 2 g. î s. hm gurgukb ? g. î s. hm iadimkorm erbas eadmkmdt ákadgá ?>> i hm tfkbtms pmcáms ?=> i hm cmdtaccms gfrbac ?>> kc hm cbat hm gfgf ?>> kc h‑mbu hm gfgf 2 g. î g. hm sugrm 2 g. î g. hm dfax hm gfgf rïpám Wmc, pfavrm   ^mcmz mt jbgjmz c‑faidfd mt cb ifussm h‑bac. Hbds udm irbdhm gfgfttm, ebatms-cms rmvmdar bvmg ud eacmt h‑juacm h‑fcavm (fu hm gfgf) mt cms ápagms, md b`ustbdt cb qubdtatá h‑ápagms î vftrm ifüt.

 

Adgfrpfrmz cms tfkbtms, sbcmz, pfavrmz. _adgmz cms cmdtaccms bvbdt hm cms b`futmr î cb gfgfttm. ^uas vmrsmz cm cbat mt c‑mbu hm gfgf. B`futmz cm sugrm mt cb dfax hm gfgf rïpám. Gfdtadumz cb guassfd î emu hfux `usqu‑î gm qum cms cmdtaccms sfamdt tmdhrms, md b`futbdt hm c‑mbu sa dágmssbarm. Ufus pfuvmz smrvar gm pcbt bvmg hu raz gfkpcmt.

 

 

 

UMIIAM KBLAW bu raz rfuim hm Gbkbrium fur 8 pmrsfddms 7>> i hm raz rfuim hm Gbkbrium => kc hm vadbairm hm raz 7 g. î g. hm sugrm 2 g. î g. hm smc 8 emuaccms h‑bcium dfra

fur cb ibrdaturm 2? oïtfddmts hm gbrfttm fu hm omttmrbvm 2? oïtfddmts hm gfdgfkorm 2 bvfgbt Iadimkorm kbradá 2 pfaidám hm irbadms imrkáms   Cb prmkaêrm átbpm hm cb rmgmttm gfdsastm î guarm cm raz (sa pfssaocm cb vmaccm). Fd utacasm ==> kc h‑mbu pfur 7>> i hm raz gru. Cbvmz mt radgmz cm raz sfus c‑mbu erfahm bvbdt cb guassfd. Hbds udm gbssmrfcm, pcbgmz cm raz mt c‑mbu, pfrtmz î áouccatafd puas obassmz cm emu mt gfuvrmz. Uftrm raz mst guat cfrsqum tfutm

c‑mbu b átá bosfroám.

 

^mdhbdt gm tmkps, rábcasmz c‑bssbasfddmkmdt hu raz0 ebatms gjbueemr  hfugmkmdt cm vadbairm hbds udm pmtatm gbssmrfcm bvmg cm sugrm, cm smc mt hmux guaccmráms î sfupm h‑mbu `usqu‑î hassfcutafd tftbcm hu sugrm mt hu smc. Umrsmz gm caquahm sur cm raz taêhm, rmkumz mt cbassmz rmerfahar. Gfdemgtafddmz kbadtmdbdt vfs rfucmbux. ^rábcbocmkmdt, ac vfus ebuhrb gfupmr cb gbrfttm (fu cb omttmrbvm) mt cm gfdgfkorm md eads oïtfddmts, mt c‑bvfgbt md eadms trbdgjms. Wur udm dbttm, fu î háebut ud eack átarbocm, átbcmz udm emuaccm hm dfra, gøtá  oraccbdt hmssfus, hbds cm smds hm cb cfdiumur. _mgfuvrmz cb emuaccm h‑udm gfugjm ráiucaêrm hm raz md cbassbdt udm kbrim hm ? gk dfd gfuvmrtm md jbut hm cb emuaccm. Haspfsmz qumcqums oïtfddmts hm cáiukms, ? trbdgjms h‑bvfgbt, qumcqums kfrgmbux hm iadimkorms kbradás mt udm padgám hm irbadms imrkáms bu gmdtrm hm vftrm raz hbds cb cfdiumur, mdrfucmz c‑bcium md vfus smrvbdt hm cb dbttm fu hu eack átarbocm. Wa dágmssbarm, jukmgtmz cáiêrmkmdt cb pbrtam h‑bcium dfd gfuvmrtm pfur ebgacatmr cb emrkmturm. Ibrhmz bu erbas mt rmgfkkmdgmz c‑fpárbtafd bvmg cms butrms emuaccms. Bvbdt hm smrvar, hágfupmz gjbqum rfucmbu md pmtats trfdéfds.

Ubrabdtm Ufus pfuvmz kfhaeamr cms ibrdaturms smcfd vfs mdvams, pbr mxmkpcm bvmg hu tfeu, hu wbsboa fu hm cb purám h‑ukmofsja…

 

 

 

KADA^APPBW GF]_IMXXM BKBDHM fur 8 î 5 pmrsfddms Guassfd ?> kadutms 7 gfurimttms 9> i hm pfuhrm h‑bkbdhm 2 g. î s. hm ebradm hm raz ? g. î s. hm irbadms hm gjab kfucums 2 g. î g. h‑fraibd 2 g. î g. h‑bac smkfucm Wmc, pfavrm   ^rágjbueemz vftrm efur î 2:> ¾G. Hbds ud prmkamr tmkps, cbvmz oamd cms gfurimttms mt rïpmz-cms eadmkmdt. ^uas hbds udm pbssfarm, sbcmz-cms mt cbassmz-cms háifrimr bu-hmssus h‑ud ávamr. Kácbdimz mdsuatm cms butrms adiráhamdts hbds ud irbdh sbcbhamr. Adgfrpfrmz cms gfurimttms rïpáms mt kácbdimz adtakmkmdt tfus cms adiráhamdts. Xbpassmz cb pcbqum hm vftrm efur bvmg hu pbpamr guassfd. Efrkmz hm pmtatms  ofucms mdtrm vfs kbads mt ágrbsmz-cms cáiêrmkmdt sur vftrm pcbqum. Cm efdh hm vfs «pazzmttms¼ hfat rmstmr ápbas h‑ud ofd gmdtakêtrm, gbr cb guassfd vb cm ebarm ráhuarm. Bttmdtafd, mccms dm hfavmdt pbs bvfar ud habkêtrm trfp akpfrtbdt dfd  pcus, gbr ac smrbat pcus haeeagacm hm cms smrvar.

Mdefurdmz udm vaditbadm hm kadutms `usqu‑î gm qum cb pïtm sfat hfrám.

 

Wuiimstafd Ufus pfuvmz birákmdtmr vfs kadapazzbs hm ragfttb váibdm (vfar rmgmttm  p. 87), 87 ), hm sbugm tfkbtm, hm iubgbkfcm (vfar rmgmttm  p. 228 228)) sur cmsqumcs vfus hápfsmrmz, smcfd vftrm adsparbtafd, hms cáiukms iraccás, hms irbadms imrkáms…

 

 

 

G]__Q adimkorm kasf gfrabdhrm fur 8 pmrsfddms Guassfd 7> kadutms, î emu hfux =>> î :>> i hm cáiukms hm sbasfd0 2 irfssm gfurim outtmrdut fu 7 buomriadms 2 g. î s. h‑juacm h‑fcavm ? fu 7 gk hm iadimkorm pmcá mt rïpá 2 fu ? g. î g. hm ecfgfds hm pakmdt :>> kc hm cbat hm gfgf 8>> i hm tfkbtms pmcáms ? g. î s. hm kasf orud Mdvarfd ?8> i hm pfas gjagjms Rumcqums orads hm gfrabdhrm erbägjm ^favrm ? vmrrms hm raz gfkpcmt   Cbvmz, pmcmz (sa omsfad) mt gfupmz vfs cáiukms hm sbasfd md guoms. Ebatmscms rmvmdar hbds udm irbdhm gfgfttm bvmg ud pmu h‑juacm h‑fcavm, cm iadimkorm rïpá mt cm pakmdt bvbdt h‑b`futmr cm cbat hm gfgf, cms tfkbtms pmcáms, cm kasf mt cm pfavrm. Cbassmz ka`ftmr.

Bu ofut h udm quadzbadm hm kadutms, b`futmz cms pfas gjagjms mt gfdtadumz cb guassfd `usqu‑î gm qum vftrm cáiukm sfat tmdhrm. Cm gurry mst bcfrs pràt, ifütmz mt rmgtaeamz c‑bssbasfddmkmdt sa dágmssbarm.

 

Wmrvmz bggfkpbidá hm raz gfkpcmt mt pbrsmká hm emuaccms hm gfrabdhrm erbägjmkmdt jbgjáms.

 

 

 

GBLM ^BWWM-^B_XF]X Iïtmbu hm obsm pbr mxgmccmdgm, vfus pfurrmz md hágcadmr cms sbvmurs smcfd vfs mdvams0 vbdaccm, gjfgfcbt, zmstms h‑birukms, ecmur h‑frbdimr, eruats… D‑jásatmz pbs î hfuocmr cms qubdtatás pfur rábcasmr ud cbymr gblm (iïtmbu efurrá î átbims) qum vfus pfurrmz ibrdar hm gfdeaturm, hm eruats erbas, hm gjfgfcbt efdhu fu hm grêkm efumttám váibdm (vfar rmgmttm p. 87 87)… )… Cms pfssaoacatás sfdt adeadams, cbassmz pbrcmr vftrm grábtavatá!

fur 5 pmrsfddms 7>> i hm kax hm ebradms (vfar rmgmttm p. rmgmttm  p. =>) =>) fu ?9= i hm ebradm + ?= i gbgbf ?>> i hm sugrm 2>> i hm ybfurt hm sf`b ?>> kc hm grêkm hm sf`b 28> i h‑juacm hm gfczb hásfhfrasám 2 padgám hm vbdaccm md pfuhrm (zmstms hm gatrfd fu butrm brøkm…) 2 g. î g. hm oagbrofdbtm hm sfhauk 2 g. î g. hm vadbairm hm raz 2 padgám hm smc   ^rágjbueemz cm efur î 2:> ¾G.

Hbds ud irbdh ofc kácbdimz cb ebradm, cb padgám hm smc mt cm sugrm puas b`futmz cms ácákmdts jukahms (ybfurt, grêkm mt juacm), badsa qum cb vbdaccm fu c‑brøkm qum vfus sfujbatmz adtáirmr î vftrm prápbrbtafd. Kácbdimz hm

 

dfuvmbu. Mdead, b`futmz cm oagbrofdbtm mt cm vadbairm. Umrsmz hbds ud pmtat kfucm (2= gk hm habkêtrm) juacá mt gjmkasá hm  pbpamr guassfd (hágfupmz vftrm pbpamr bux hakmdsafds hu efdh hm vftrm kfucm, vftrm gblm smrb badsa ombugfup pcus ebgacm î hákfucmr). Mdefurdmz pfur 8= kadutms mdvarfd, cm iïtmbu vb hfrmr mt cb pfadtm hu gfutmbu hfat sfrtar prfprm mt sêgjm.

 

 

 

GB__FX GBLM UMIBD & sbds icutmd Ac mxastm udm kuctatuhm hm rmgmttms hm gbrrft gblm, pfurtbdt g‑mst udm hms rmgmttms hfdt `m suas cm pcus eaêrm! Mccm ebat pbrtam hm kms obsaqums, kbas ac k‑b ebccu hm dfkormux tmsts pfur trfuvmr c‑áquacaorm pbrebat mt fotmdar ud gblm kfmccmux mt ifurkbdh hbds udm vmrsafd sbds icutmd, sbds ŗue, sbds omurrm mt butrms prfhuats bdakbux…

fur 5 pmrsfddms ?=> i hm gbrfttms ??= i hm kax hm ebradms (vfar rmgmttm p. rmgmttm  p. =>) =>) ? g. î s. hm gbddmccm 8 g. î g. hm oagbrofdbtm hm sfhauk 2>> i hm sugrm gfkpcmt 2=> i hm gfkpftm hm pfkkm 1> i hm ybfurt hm sf`b dbturm 1> kc h‑juacm hm gfczb   ^rágjbueemz cm efur î 2:> ¾G. Cbvmz, pmcmz mt rïpmz cms gbrfttms.

Hbds ud prmkamr tmkps, kácbdimz tfus cms adiráhamdts smgs (ebradm, gbddmccm, oagbrofdbtm, sugrm). B`futmz mdsuatm pmtat î pmtat md kácbdimbdt cms

 

adiráhamdts caquahms (gfkpftm, ybfurt, juacm). Mdead, adgfrpfrmz cms gbrfttms. Xrbdsvbsmz cb prápbrbtafd hbds ud kfucm rfdh h‑mdvarfd 2= gk hm habkêtrm. Ebatms guarm bu efur 8= kadutms. ^fur àtrm gmrtbad qum vftrm iïtmbu mst guat,  pcbdtmz ud gfutmbu bu gmdtrm hu gblm0 cb pfadtm hfat rmssfrtar sêgjm.

 

 

 

G_MBK GJMMWM UMIBD bux dfax hm gb`fu fur 5 pmrsfddms 2>> i hm dfax hm gb`fu 8= kc hm cbat h‑bkbdhm 8= kc hm sarfp h‑árbocm 2 g. î s. h‑juacm hm gfgf 2 padgám hm vbdaccm md pfuhrm 5 kc hm `us hm gatrfd 2 padgám hm smc   Ebatms trmkpmr cms dfax hm gb`fu tfutm udm duat, puas áifuttmz-cms oamd. Hbds ud ocmdhmr bssmz puassbdt, kaxmz tfus cms adiráhamdts `usqu‑î fotmdar  udm tmxturm cassm. _ásmrvmz udm pmtatm jmurm bu erbas bvbdt utacasbtafd.  

 

^B_EBAX B]Z ^FKKMW & rbw grukocm fur 5 pmrsfddms

fur cb gfkpftm hm pfkkms bux ápagms hfugms 2 li hm pfkkms 8>> kc h‑mbu Cm zmstm mt cm `us hm gatrfd oaf ? g. î s. hm iadimkorm erbas gfupá eadmkmdt 2 g. î s. hm irbadms hm gbrhbkfkm 2 g. î g. hm gbddmccm kfucum ? oïtfds hm gbddmccm

fur cm grukocm : hbttms 2:> i h‑bkbdhms 2>> i hm dfax 2 g. î g. hm gbddmccm

mkbrqum Cb gfkpftm dm gfdtamdt bugud sugrm b`futá da gfdsmrvbtmur, g‑mst pfurqufa ac ebut cb ibrhmr bu erbas hbds ud rágapamdt jmrkátaqum. Xbdt qum cm rágapamdt

 

rmstm emrká, cb gfkpftm pmut sm gfdsmrvmr pmdhbdt hms smkbadms. ]dm efas cm rágapamdt fuvmrt, `m vfus gfdsmaccm hm cb gfdsfkkmr hbds cms 7 î = `furs.

CB GFK^FXM HM ^FKKMW B]Z Á^AGMW HF]GMW Gfupmz mt ávahmz cms pfkkms sbds cms pmcmr. Hbds udm irbdhm gbssmrfcm, vmrsmz c‑mbu, cms pfkkms, cm gatrfd mt cms ápagms. ^frtmz î áouccatafd, obassmz cm emu mt cbassmz ka`ftmr. _mkumz hm tmkps md tmkps. Cb gfkpftm mst pràtm qubdh c‑mbu s‑mst mdtaêrmkmdt ávbpfrám mt qum cms  pfkkms sfdt tmdhrms. _mtarmz cm oïtfd hm gbddmccm udm efas cb guassfd hms  pfkkms tmrkadám.

CM G_]KOCM _mtarmz cms dfybux hms hbttms. Î c‑bahm h‑ud rfoft, orfymz irfssaêrmkmdt cms bkbdhms, cms dfax mt cms hbttms bvmg cb gbddmccm (fu î c‑bahm h‑ud gfutmbu, jbgjmz eadmkmdt cms adiráhamdts).

KFDXBIM HMW ^B_EBAXW Hbds hms ofgbux fu hms vmrradms, rápbrtassmz cb gfkpftm puas cm grukocm. Xmrkadmz pbr udm iádármusm guaccmrám î sfupm hm grêkm efumttám váibdm 87). ). (vfar rmgmttm p. rmgmttm p. 87

Ubrabdtm Cb rmgmttm hu grukocm pmut áibcmkmdt gfdvmdar pfur rábcasmr udm pïtm î tbrtm grum0 b`futmz sakpcmkmdt hmux guaccmráms î sfupm h‑mbu hbds vftrm kaxmur mt ráhuasmz cb prápbrbtafd pcus eadmkmdt bvbdt hm c‑átbcmr hbds ud kfucm mt

ibrdar.

 

 

 

OBDBDB O_MBH î cb pfuhrm h‑bkbdhm fur 5 î : pmrsfddms ? obdbdms 2=> i hm ebradm hm pfas gjagjms 2>> i hm sugrm => i hm pfuhrm h‑bkbdhm 2 padgám hm vbdaccm md pfuhrm 2>> kc hm cbat hm raz => i h‑juacm h‑fcavm 2 g. î s. hm purám h‑bkbdhm 2 g. î g. hm oagbrofdbtm hm sfhauk 2 g. î s. hm `us hm gatrfd => i hm pápatms hm gjfgfcbt dfar  2 padgám hm smc   ^rágjbueemz cm efur î 2:> ¾G. Hbds ud irbdh ofc, ágrbsmz cms obdbdms î cb efurgjmttm. B`futmz cb ebradm, cm sugrm mt cb pfuhrm h‑bkbdhm badsa qu‑udm padgám hm smc mt hm vbdaccm.

Kácbdimz puas vmrsmz cms adiráhamdts jukahms0 cm cbat, c‑juacm h‑fcavm mt cb  purám h‑bkbdhm. Mdead, adgfrpfrmz cm oagbrofdbtm mt cm `us hm gatrfd. Kácbdimz mdgfrm mt b`futmz cms pápatms hm gjfgfcbt dfar.

 

Juacmz mt gjmkasmz hm pbpamr guassfd ud kfucm î gblm (hágfupmz vftrm  pbpamr bux hakmdsafds hu efdh hm vftrm kfucm, vftrm prápbrbtafd smrb badsa  ombugfup pcus ebgacm î hákfucmr). Umrsmz-y cb pïtm mt mdefurdmz pfur 8= kadutms.  

 

KF]WWM B] GJFGFCBX  sbds ŗue da grêkm fur 8 î 5 pmrsfddms 2:> i hm `us hm pfas gjagjms md ofätm 5> i hm sugrm ?>> i hm gjfgfcbt dfar  2 padgám hm smc   Xfut gfkkm vfus cm emramz bvmg hms ocbdgs h‑ŗues pfur udm kfussm bu gjfgfcbt gcbssaqum, kfdtmz md dmaim c‑bqubebob (cm `us guassfd hms pfas gjagjms), bvmg udm padgám hm smc. Rubdh cm `us hm pfas gjagjms gfkkmdgm î ocbdgjar mt î kfussmr, vfus  pfuvmz b`futmr cm sugrm pmtat î pmtat. Obttmz `usqu‑î gm qum cb prápbrbtafd hmvamddm emrkm. Gmcb pmut prmdhrm ud pmu pcus hm tmkps qu‑bvmg hms ocbdgs h‑ŗues, kbas c‑bvbdtbim g‑mst qum vfus pfuvmz vfus brràtmr hm obttrm î tfut kfkmdt mt rmprmdhrm pcus tbrh. C‑bqubebob kfdtmrb î dfuvmbu, mccm md smrb kàkm pcus emrkm. ^mdhbdt gm tmkps, ebatms efdhrm cm gjfgfcbt bu obad-kbram. Umrsmz-cm mdsuatm hbds ud sbcbhamr. ]dm efas c‑bqubebob kfdtám md dmaim, adgfrpfrmz-cb hácagbtmkmdt mt md

 pcusamurs efas bu gjfgfcbt efdhu. _ápbrtassmz cb kfussm hbds hm pmtats ofcs, eackmz mt ibrhmz bu erbas qumcqums jmurms bvbdt hm smrvar.

 

 Párf hágjmt  Cm pfas gjagjm b pcus h‑ud tfur hbds sfd sbg, mt sfd utacasbtafd dm sm cakatm pbs î sb irbadm0 «c‑mbu¼ hm pfas gjagjm, gmccm qua sm trfuvm hbds cb ofätm hm gfdsmrvm fu oamd utacasámhbds cfrs gmttm hm sb mbu guassfd hmvmz bvfar cbasságmccm cms qua pfasmstgjagjms tfutm(kbas udm bttmdtafd duat), mstvfus udm  pmtatm kmrvmaccm puasqu‑mccm p uasqu‑mccm rmkpcbgm adiádamusmkmdt cm ocbdg h‑ŗue Ac sueeat hfdg hm obttrm gmttm mbu cáiêrmkmdt vasqumusm, bppmcám bqubebob0 mccm kfussm mt hmvamdt báramddm, gfkkm hms ocbdgs kfdtás md dmaim.

 

 

 

EFDHBDX B] GJFGFCBX & î cb purám hm dfasmttm fur 5 pmrsfddms ?>> i hm gjfgfcbt dfar 9>% 8>> i hm tfeu sfymux 5> i hm purám hm dfasmttm :> i hm purám h‑bkbdhm 2>> i hm sugrm 7 g. î s. hm ebradm hm raz 2 g. î s. ofkoám hm ebradm h‑brrfw-rfft

fur cm dbppbim = gbrrás hm gjfgfcbt dfar  » g. î g. h‑juacm hm gfgf » g. î g. hm sarfp h‑bibvm Rumcqums dfasmttms   ^rágjbueemz cm efur î 25> ¾G.

Ebatms efdhrm cm gjfgfcbt bu obad-kbram. ]dm efas cm gjfgfcbt efdhu, kácbdimz-cm bvmg cm tfeu sfymux, cms puráms h‑fcábiadmux, cm sugrm mt cms ebradms.

 

Efumttmz vaifurmusmkmdt pfur fotmdar udm pïtm oamd cassm. Xrbdsvbsmz gmttm pïtm hbds ud kfucm juacá mt gjmkasá hm pbpamr guassfd (hágfupmz vftrm  pbpamr bux hakmdsafds hu efdh hm vftrm kfucm, vftrm prápbrbtafd smrb badsa  ombugfup pcus ebgacm î hákfucmr). Mdefurdmz pfur 2 jmurm. Dm vfus adquaátmz pbs sa cm gmdtrm hm vftrm efdhbdt dm vfus smkocm pbs bssmz guat… ]dm efas cm iïtmbu rmerfaha, ac rmstmrb  oamd efdhbdt, kbas bssmz emrkm irïgm bu tfeu. ^fur dbppmr vftrm iïtmbu, ebatms efdhrm bu obad-kbram cms gbrrás hm gjfgfcbt kácbdiás î c‑juacm hm gfgf mt bu sarfp h‑bibvm. _mgfuvrmz-md cm efdhbdt mt tmrkadmz md haspfsbdt cms pmtatms dfasmttms mdtaêrms.  

 

XA_BKAW] gfgf eruats rfuims fur 8 pmrsfddms

fur cm kbsgbrpfdm gfgf ?>> i hm tfeu sfymux 2=> kc hm grêkm hm gfgf :> i hm dfax hm gfgf rïpám => i hm sugrm hm gbddm gfkpcmt

fur cm oasguat  8> i hm ebradm hm raz 2>> i hm pfuhrm h‑bkbdhm 8 g. î s. hm sugrm hm gfgf 8 g. î s. hm purám h‑bkbdhm ? g. î s. h‑mbu

fur cb ibrdaturm mt cm kfdtbim hm vftrm tarbkasu udm hazbadm hm erbasms

udm vaditbadm hm kyrtaccms udm hazbadm hm erbkofasms  

 

Kácbdimz tfus cms adiráhamdts hu kbsgbrpfdm gfgf hbds ud irbdh ofc md efumttbdt oamd. Ibrhmz gmttm prápbrbtafd bu erbas udm ofddm jmurm bvbdt cm kfdtbim hm vftrm tarbkasu. ^rágjbueemz cm efur î 2:> ¾G. Kácbdimz cb ebradm, cb pfuhrm h‑bkbdhm mt cm sugrm. Hácbymz cb purám h‑bkbdhm bvmg ud pmu h‑mbu mt b`futmz bu kácbdim  prágáhmdt (vmrsmz ud pmu h‑juacm hm gfgf sa dágmssbarm). Ákamttmz vftrm pïtm sur udm pcbqum rmgfuvmrtm hm pbpamr guassfd mt mdefurdmz pfur udm vaditbadm hm kadutms. Gfupmz cms erbasms md qubrtamr. Kácbdimz hácagbtmkmdt tfus cms eruats rfuims. Hbds hms ofgbux fu hms vmrradms, rápbrtassmz hu oasguat ákamttá, ud pmu hm eruats rfuims puas hu kbsgbrpfdm, eadassmz pbr udm hmrdaêrm gfugjm hm eruats rfuims. _ásmrvmz bu erbas bvbdt hm smrvar 

 

 

 

DAGM G_MBK kbtgjb Cb dagm grmbk mst udm icbgm kadutm, î obsm pradgapbcmkmdt hm rfdhmccms hm obdbdm gfdimcáms mt kaxáms, qua mxgcut tfus cms prfhuats cbatamrs h‑fraiadm bdakbcm. Cm rásuctbt6 ]d hácagm uctrb-grákmux, hágcadbocm î c‑adeada, qu‑fd pmut gustfkasmr md b`futbdt hms eruats (erbkofasms, kyrtaccms, gbssas, erbasms, mtg.), hu gbgbf, hms ápagms, fu mdgfrm hms tfppadis ifurkbdhs. ^fur cb prápbrmr, pbs omsfad hm sfromtaêrm, ac sueeat hm tfut kaxmr bu hmrdamr kfkmdt.

fur 8 pmrsfddms 8>> i hm obdbdms oamd kürms 2 g. î s. hm sarfp h‑bibvm (ebguctbtae) ? g. î g. hm pfuhrm hm tjá kbtgjb (fu hm gbgbf)   Cb vmaccm, hágfupmz cms obdbdms md rfdhmccms mt pcbgmz-cms bu gfdiácbtmur. Bu kfkmdt hm smrvar, pcbgmz cms kfrgmbux hm obdbdm hbds ud ocmdhmr  bvmg cm sarfp h‑bibvm mt cm kbtgjb (fu cm gbgbf). Kaxmz `usqu‑î fotmdtafd h‑udm grêkm jfkfiêdm. Háiustmz sbds tbrhmr.

 

mkmrgamkmdts Wbgjmz qu‑î trbvmrs gms pbims, mt hmrraêrm gms rmgmttms, ac y b ádfrkákmdt h‑bkfur mt hm `fam (fua, `‑bakm vrbakmdt ombugfup gm kft!). @‑bakmrbas hfdg tfut pbrtagucaêrmkmdt harm kmrga î tfutms cms pmrsfddms qua k‑fdt bahám î gfdgmvfar gm cavrm, kbas bussa î tfus gmux qua km sfutamddmdt hmpuas cm háout hm kms bvmdturms gucadbarms. Xfut h‑bofrh, kmrga î kb ebkaccm0 kms pbrmdts mt kms erêrms qua fdt gru md kfa mt sbds cmsqumcs ramd d‑burbat átá pfssaocm. Î kfd gfkpbidfd ávahmkkmdt, qua km sfutamdt mt km kftavm quftahamddmkmdt. Î Obrobrb qua km suppfrtm mt k‑ápbucm tfus cms `furs md guasadm mt bu rmstburbdt. Î Dbtbgjb qua k‑b sfutmdum hbds gm prf`mt mt b gfdtraouá î c‑ágraturm hm gm cavrm< kmrga pfur tms gfdsmacs prágamux. Î kb eahêcm Cbycb qua km hfddm c‑ádmriam h‑mdtrmprmdhrm. Î kms bkas0 Cáb, Bcassfd, Casb, @fjbddb, Bcmxab, Uadgabdm, Kbæb… Î Ácasm cb pjftfirbpjm hms rmgmttms hm gm cavrm< kmrga pfur tb pbtamdgm mt tfd  prfemssafddbcaskm. Ágrarm ud cavrm mdtamr hm rmgmttms mst ud prf`mt hm ràvm, hfdg kmrga î kfd áhatmur, mt tfut pbrtagucaêrmkmdt î Mcvarm, Ubcáram mt Uárfdaqum hm k‑bvfar  feemrt gmttm fppfrtudatá. Mt mdead, kmrga î vfus! Ufus qua tmdmz gm cavrm mdtrm vfs kbads mt î kms eahêcms gcamdts, kmrga hm dfus ebarm gfdeabdgm mt hm ebarm vavrm @FQ JMBCXJQEFFH.