5. CHAPTER 3 - Methodology

CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY A. Sample Purposive sampling was used to determine the respondents of this study because it was the most appropriate sampling design. The main goal of purposive sampling is to focus on particular characteristics of a population that are of interest (Laerd dissertation, 2012). This allows the researcher to answer the questions probed in the study. Specifically, the researcher chose the seventh grade class of Aura de Laurentus Business High School as respondents of this study.

B. Research Instruments

The researcher utilized a questionnaire consisting of three parts: personal data, Rosenberg’s Self-Esteem Scale, and the Illinois Bully Scale (IBS). The Rosenberg’s SelfEsteem Scale comprised of ten items, which measured global self-worth by considering both positive and negative feelings about the self. The statements in this scale were answered using a 4-point Likert scale, which ranged from strongly agree to strongly disagree. The Illinois Bully Scale had eighteen items with three subscales, which measured the frequency of fighting, peer victimization, and bullying behavior. Five items belonged in the fight scale, while four items were under the victim subscale. Lastly, the bully subscale was made up of nine items.

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C. Research Procedures 1. A letter requesting permission to conduct this study was sent to the high school principal of Aura de Laurentus Business High School. 2. Upon approval, the researcher administered the questionnaires to the selected respondents. 3. The results of the tests were then recorded, analyzed, interpreted, and evaluated using statistical tools. 4. Lastly, a final copy of the study was presented to the adviser/teacher for necessary corrections, evaluations, and recommendations.

D. Statistical Techniques 1. Frequency and Percentage Distribution. This was used to get a quantitative analysis of the respondents’ self-esteem levels and bully/victim levels. It was also used to display data that specified the percentage of observations that exist for each data point. Formula: P=

f ×100 N

Where: P = the percentage (%)

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f = frequency or the number of occurrences N = number of cases

2. Cramer’s V Coefficient and Chi-Square Test. These were utilized to determine the relationship between the respondents’ self-esteem and bully/victim levels. Formula:

V=

√

2

X N (k −1)

Where: V = coefficient of the correlation N = total number of observation X2

= derived from Chi-Square test

k = number of columns E. Scoring and Interpretation The self-esteem levels were determined by first giving the necessary points to the respondents’ answers. For items 1, 2, 4, 6, and 7, responses of strongly agree equaled to three points, agree was equivalent to two points, disagree was one point, and strongly disagree was equal to zero point. However, items 3, 5, 8, 9, and 10 were reversed. Strongly agree was equivalent to zero, agree was one point, disagree was equal to two point, and strongly disagree gave the respondent three points. All points are then to be

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added up. The scores of the Rosenberg’s Self-Esteem Scale spans from 0 to 30. Scores below 15 suggest low self-esteem, while scores ranging from 15 to 25 are within normal range. A score of 26 and above indicates high self-esteem. Likewise, scores in the Illinois Bully Scale (IBS) were obtained by first assigning the number of points to each response. The answer never was equivalent to zero, 1-2 times equaled to one point, and while 3-4 times was two points. 5-6 times gave the respondent three points, and finally, 7 or more times corresponded to four points. Items 1, 2, 8, 9, 14, 15, 16, 17, and 18 reveals the respondents’ bully subscale score. On the other hand, the victim subscale score is acquired by adding points of items 4, 5, 6, and 7. Lastly, items 3, 10, 11, 12, and 13 shows the fight subscale score. When all the points are combined, this represents the respondents’ total IBS score. The interpretation of IBS scores were divided in four categories: not involved, mild bully/victim, moderate bully/victim, and severe bully/victim. For the bully subscale, scores 0 to 6 was considered not involved, 7 to 16 was mild bully, 17 to 26 was moderate bully, and 27 to 36 was severe bully. Under the victim subscale, scores 0 to 4 was in the not involved category, 5 to 8 was mild victim, 9 to 12 was moderate victim, and 13 to 16 was severe victim. As for the fight subscale, 0 to 5 scores indicated no involvement, 6 to 10 was mild bully, 11 to 15 was moderate bully, and 16 to 20 was severe bully. Finally, total IBS scores of 0 to 18 was considered not involved, 19 to 36 was mild bully/victim, 37 to 53 was moderate bully/victim, and lastly, 55 to 72 was severe bully/victim.