5 - Caracteristicas de Una Onda

 

GMQMG\CQKW\KGMW LC SOM JOLM Gmrljom, @. Micfmolrm-@mrtkocz, Cstcdmoy.[-@cfkm Mnulcij, Gm`kij Ujiktëgokgj Gjij`akmoj Fmk`c Ksmzm Gmlmvkl, @clciiào - Gjij`akm Dmguitml lc Gkcogkms aískgms, Hu`moms y Wjgkmics 1515-=

Qcsu`co Im prígtkgm gjoskstk÷ kokgkmi`cotc co uom sk`uimgk÷o vkrtumi quc sc ncocr÷ co uo prjnrm`m lcsgrktj co im nuàm y m pmrtkr lc cstc sc iicnmrjo m lkdcrcotcs gjogiuskjocs2 scnuklj lc ciij sc rcmikz÷ co im mgtkvklml 1 im tj`m lc ijs lmtjs lc uom guactm lc jolms quc ncocrmam jolms gkrguimrcs y jtrm quc ncocrmam jolms pimoms m dko lc gj`prjamr ijs gjogcptjs tc÷rkgjs pmrm ij gumi sc rcmikz÷ ci moíiksks lc im kodjr`mgk÷o kotcrprctmolj im nrídkgm lc ijonktul lc jolm vs drcgucogkm2 co cstm mgtkvklml sc rcmikz÷ im m su vcz im gjovcrsk÷o lc csgmim pmrm msà lcdkokr im ijonktul rcmi lc im jolm, y gjo cstc dmgtjr lc csgmim gjovcrtkr ijs lm lmtj tjss m uo uomm `clk `clklm lm rc rcmi mi pm pmrm rm lc lctc tcr` r`ko komr mr im rmpkl rmpklcz cz lc dmsc dmsc y gj gjo o ci ciij ij rc rcmik mikzm zmrr ij ijss rcspcgtkvjs moíiksks.

=. Kotrjluggk÷o Cstm prígtkgm cstí cogm`komlm m cstulkmr y cvklcogkmr lc djr`m cxpcrk`cotmi minuoms gmrmgtcràstkgms lc ims jolms `cgíokgms, cs lcgkr mquciims quc rcqukcrco lc uo `clkj `mtcrkmi pmrm prjpmnmrsc. Umrm ciij cs duolm`cotmi rcspjolcr m ijs sknukcotcs kotcrrjnmotcs6

º]uë sc cotkcolc pjr uo puisj y gj`j sc ncocrm: Lcotrj lc im dàskgm sc lcdkoc uo puisj gj`j uom pcrturamgk÷o pcrturamgk÷o lc gjrtm lurmgk÷o ncocrmlm ncocrmlm co ci cstmlj omturmi lc uo puotj lc uo `clkj `mtcrkmi quc sc trmos`ktc pjr lkghj `clkj `mtcrkm `mt crkmi. i. Wc puclc puclc prjlug prjlugkr kr uo pu puisj isj,, pjr  cfc`pij, rcmikzmolj uom rípklm smgulklm co ci cxtr cxtrc` c`j j lc uo `uci `uciic ic j lc uom uom gucr gucrlm lm,, imozmolj uom pkclrm mi mnum lc uo cstmoquc, lmolj uo njipc m uom `csm j prjlugkcolj uom lctjomgk÷o co ci mkrc.

ºG÷`j sc ncocrm joluimtjrkj:

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uo

`jvk`kcotj

Urjpmnmolj cocrnàm lc uo iunmr m jtrj sko trmos trm osdc dcrco rcogk gkmm lc `mtc `mtcrkm rkm,, cs cstj tj m trmv trmvës ës lc jolm jolmss `cgí `cgíok okgm gmss j ci cicg cgtr trj` j`mn mnoë oëtk tkgm gmss y gjos gjosks kstc tc co nc ncoc ocrm rmrr uo lc lcsp spim imzm zm`k `kco cotj tj  pcrk÷lkgj u jsgkimgk÷o mirclcljr lc uom  pjskgk÷o lc cqukikarkj.

ºGuíii cs im lkdc ºGuí lkdcrc rcog ogkm km co cotr trcc ims ims jo jolm lmss ijonktulkomics y ims trmosvcrs trmosvcrsmics: mics: Ims jol olms ms ij ijon onkt ktu ulk lkom omic icss pr prj jpm pmn nmo su `jvk`kcotj pmrmicij m im lkrcggk÷o lc im jolm `kcotrms quc ims jolms trmosvcrsmics ij hmgco  pcrpcolkguimr`cotc m im lkrcggk÷o lc  prjpmnmgk÷o lc im jolm.

Lcsgrkam ims gmrmgtcràstkgms duolm`cotmics lc tjlj `jvk`kcotj joluimtjrkj. •

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Im vcijgklml j rmpklcz lc dmsc. Ci pcrkjlj. Im ijonktul lc jolm Im drcgucogkm. Im m`piktul lc jolm.

 

ºCxkstc minuom rcimgk÷o cotrc ijs `jvk`kcotjs jsgkimtjrkjs cstulkmljs co ci `÷luij = y ci `jvk`kcotj joluimtjrkj: Wà, aísk Wà, aískgm gm`c `cot otcc lcot lcotrj rj lci lci `jvk `jvk`k `kco cotj tj joluimtjrkj rkj sc co coggucotrm prcsc sco otc ci `jvk`kcotj jsgkimtjrkj pmrm gmlm lkdcrcogkmi lc `msm `msm qu qucc gj gj`p `pjo jocc ci cic` cic`co cotj tj co su tjtmik miklml. Mi k`pjocr criic uo pcqucýj lcspim lcs pimzm` zm`kco kcotj tj m cstc cstc lkdcrco lkdcrcogkmi gkmi lc `msm `msm cstc cic`cotj vkarm y sc `ucvc rcspcgtj m uo cfc lc rcdcrcogkm mi cstmr vkarmolj c`pkczm m ncocrmr uom pcrturamgk÷o co ijs lkdcrcogkmics lc `msm msm gcrg gcrgmo mojs js m cs cstc tc hmgkc mgkco olj pjr  cx cxtc tcos osk÷ k÷o o qu qucc cst cstjs js tm`a tm`akë këo o c`pk c`pkcgc cgco o m vkarmr lc tmi djr`m quc cstm pcrturamgk÷o sc  prjpmnuc pjr tjlj ci cic`cotj y msà cotrc lkdcrcogkmics lc `msm sc trmos`ktmo cocrnàm.

Jafctkvjs 

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Momikzmr cxpcrk`cotmi y gjogcptumi`cotc ci `jlcij `mtc`ítkgj quc lcsgrkac ci `jvk`kcotj joluimtjrkj.   Klcotkdkgmr ci djgj lc uom  pcrturamgk÷o, im ijonktul lc jolm y im drcgucogkm lc uom jolm `cgíokgm co im supcrdkgkc lc uo iàquklj.   Lctcr` Lctcr`kom komrr cxpcrk cxpcrk`co `cotmi` tmi`cot cotcc im ij ijon onkt ktul ul lc jo jolm lm,, im vc vcij ijgk gklm lml l lc  prjpmnmgk÷o y im drcgucogkm co uom guactm lc jolms.  Tkog Tkogui uimr mr `clk `clkmo motc tc momi momijn jnàm àmss ijs ijs cxpcrk`cotjs rcmikzmljs gjo jsgkimljr  mr`÷okgjs, y im djr`m gj`j sc ncocrmo ims jolms co im supcrdkgkc lc uo iàquklj.

Im mgtk mgtkvk vkl lml = gj gjos osks kstk tk÷ ÷ co rc rcmi mikz kzmr mr uo moíiksks mgcrgm lc im sk`uimgk÷o lc ims jolms nc nco ocr crml mlms ms pjr uom njt jtmm qu qucc gmàm gmàm co uo cstmoquc y co im gumi sc jascrvmam gj`j sc ncocrma nco crmamo mo lkghms lkghms jolms jolms lc djr`m djr`m gkrgui gkrguimr, mr, lkgh lkghmm sk` sk`uim imgk gk÷ ÷o m su vcz skrv skrvk÷ k÷ gj gj`j `j kotrjluggk÷o m im mgtkvklml 1 co im gumi sc  prjgclàm m rcmikzmr ci `ks`j moíiksks pcrj tj`molj ijs lmtjs lkrcgtm`cotc lc im guactm lc jolms y lc im drcgucogkm quc sc ncocrmam co ci drcgucogà`ctrj, m pmrtkr lc lkghjs lmtjs sc gm gmig igui ui÷ ÷ im rm rmpk pklc lczz lc dm dmsc sc ’T‐ ’T‐ qu qucc sc cstmam ncocrmolj co lkghm pcrturamgk÷o. 7. Lmtjs y gíiguijs \maim =. Jolms Gkrguimrcs β (`) T ( `/s)

5,511 5,5=> 5,5=< 5,5=1 5,5=5 5,558

5,