4tecnicas Avanzadas

  

Kunjdejt Mbdd`s

NMMA^RMA A^RMAKFJMA A^RMA KFJMA^ KFJMA ^D NMM ëagmiiøpmz iøpmz B Z Kunjdejt ëagmi r

¡mfpjmzk!

 

 

^ÊHAJHKXKUKA_KNKX NMMA^RMAKFJMA^ NMM A^RMAKFJMA^D A^RMAKFJMA^ D

ndhufmatkndSDRËagmi ndhufmat kndSDRËagmiIøpmz kndSDRËagmi Iøpmz (Cgdrjkagmi)

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mqujpdkunjdejt

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HDA^MAJND JA^RDN]HHJØA

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HDAHMS^DXBËXJHDX SKR^M;?^ÊHAJHKXGMAMRKIMX

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HI]X^MR XMRJMXHDFS]MX^KX "2;" RKFS^DFK\

SKR^M2?^ÊHAJHKXNMFMOD SKR^M2?^ÊH AJHKXNMFMODRKNMIKE]MR_K AJHKXNMFMOD RKNMIKE]MR_K FË\JFKZSD^MAHJK j jJ jJJ JU

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MA^RMAKFJMA^DM\HÊA^RJHD X]SMRXIDWMHHMA^RJH FK\EDRHMRMSX XSMMNLMKUZNMAXJ^ZIJE^JAG ^ÊHAJHK2/;

SKR^M8?^ÊHAJHKXNMLJSMR^RDEJK j jJ jJJ JU

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HDAHMS^]KIJ_KHJØA ^ÊHAJHKX

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XMRJMX\/Z HDA^RKX^MNMHKNMAHJKX XJX^MFKEX^-7 MshkiktjagXmt NRDSXHKIK^JAGXM^ M\^MANMNXM^X LMKUZNMAXJ^ZIJE^JAG FK\S]FS FZD-RMSX FZD-NRDSXM^X XMRJMXMAMXHKIMRK

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; > ^ÊHAJHK; ^ÊHAJHK=/8/ WJNDWFK@MR ORMSX XMRJMXFJHRD-FDN JXDFM^RJHLDIN SRDGRMXXJUMJXDFM^RJHXLDINX NDBIM]SNRDSXM^X XMRJMXXX^ XMRJMXJA^MRUKIRMX^XX^ XMRJMXE^ ^KFSKSRD^DHDIDXMRJMXccJX^    c  c NZAKFJHSRM-KH^JUK NZAKFJH SRM-KH^JUK^JDA SRM-KH^JUK ^JDA EDRHMXSMH^R]FRKFSJAG HKSKHJ^ZRKFSJAG RK^HLM^IDKNJA ^HLM^IDKNJAG G

RMEMRMAHJKX

]skidsbdtdamspkrkakvmgkrSDRMI ]skidsbdtdamspkrkak vmgkrSDRMIHDA^MAJND vmgkrSDRMI HDA^MAJND

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^ÊHAJHKXKUKA_KNKXNM KA_KNKXNMMA^RMAKFJMA^D MA^RMAKFJMA^D ^ÊHAJHKXKUKA_KNKXNM

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¡Bumaksqumrjndkunjdejttmr!

^mnkfdsikbjmavmajnkkmstkmstmmbdd`sdbrm’^êhajhksKvkazknksnmMatrmakfjmatd‖qumlksjndpdsjbim grkh gr khjk jks s k ik ik rm rmhd hdpj pjik ikhj hjøa øa nm nm ja jaed edrf rfkh khjø jøa a pdr pdr pkrt pkrtm m nm aumstrdgrkaprdemsdrËagmiIøpmz(Cgdrjkagmi).

Ka Katm tms s nm nm ak aknk nk, , qu qumr mrmf mfds ds lkhm lkhmr r ua uak k khik khikrk rkhj hjøa øa. . Lky Lky têhajhksnmmatrmakfjmatdqumadtjmamarmemrmahjkbjbi bijd jdgr grë ëhk hk njrm njrmht htk, k, pm pmrd rd sæ sæ uak uak mx mxpi pijh jhkh khjø jøa a s sjd jdiø iøgj gjhk hk nmpdrquêsmrmkijzka(matdnksiksqumamhmsjtmamsk mxpijhkhjøasmkhikrkrë). Ksæqum,sjafësprmëfbuids,mspmrkfdspdnmrkpdrtkrtmfuhlæsjfkjaedrfkhjøavkijdskyqumpumnksiimvkrik k ik pr kik prëh ëhtj tjhk hk, ,yk yk smk smkma ma tu tus sma matr trma makf kfjm jmat atds ds d dhd hda atu tuss hijmatms. jfpdrtkatm

Mstkstêhajhkssdapkrksuomtdsmatrmakndshdahjmrtd ajvminmmxpmrjmahjk,adpkrkprjahjpjkatms,ykqumkiguakssdafëskvkazknksqumdtrks. adtkkhikrktdrjk

Hukandkpkrmzhkuaks̋ kikndnmuaaÿfmrd,mstm lkrërmemrmahjkkikuajnknnmtjmfpdnmsmguands.

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^ÊHAJHKXKUKA_KNKXNM KA_KNKXNMMA^RMAKFJMA^D MA^RMAKFJMA^D ^ÊHAJHKXKUKA_KNKXNM

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Ikstêhajhksnmmatrmakfjmatdkvkazkndsmbkskama?

 Ik Ik tmasjøa tmasjøafmhëajhk fmhëajhk,yhdfdrmsuitkndnmmiidmi kufmatdnmimstrêsfmtkbøijhd.Mstdssdaekhtdrmsprjfd fdrn rnjk jkim ims s pk pkrk rk ik ik ljpm ljpmrt rtrd rdk k, , ma matm tman anjm jman and d ik ik tmas tmasjø jøaa fmhëajhk hdfdmitjmfpdyikfkgajtunqumsdpdrtka iksbrksfushuikrms,mstdlkhmqumidsfmhkadsmaiksbrksfushuikrm s,mstdlkhmqumidsfmhkadsmasdrmsfmnjmamaiksrmspumstksnmsmûkijzkhjøamaik hkshknknmrmkhhjdamsqumrmsuitkamaikspdstmrjdrms knkptkhjdamsqumgmamrkaikljpmrtrdk. Madtrkspkikbrks?ikstêhajhkskvkazknks, vdiufmanmmatrmakfjmatd, vdiufma nmmatrmakfjmatd,iktmasjøafmhëajhk iktmasjøafmhëajhk iktmasjøafmhëajhkymstd kufmatkami ymstd gmamrkuaksrmkhhjdamsqum ekvdrmhmaikljpmrtrdk ekvdrmhmaikljpmrtrdk.. Kldrkmatrkrmfdsmaiksnjemrmatmstêhajhksnmmatrmakfjmatdnjvjnjêandikspdrsuakijnknprjahjpki.

;. Khtjvkhjøaamrvjdsk 2. Fmodrknmikeumrzky Fmodrknmikeumrzkyikpdtmahjk ikpdtmahjk 8. Ljpmrtrdejkyfëxjfkhdagmstjøa Kldrksj... ¡mfpmhmfds!

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^ÊHAJHKXKUKA_KNKXNM ^ÊHAJHKXKU KA_KNKXNMMA^RMAKFJMA KA_KNKXNM MA^RMAKFJMA^ MA^RMAKFJMA ^D

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^ÊHAJHKXGMAMRKIMX

Srjfmrd,kbdrnkrmfdsikstêhajhks têhajhks fëssjfpimsyhdadhjnkskfdndnm Srjfmrd,kbdrnkrmfdsiks rmsufma,nmbjndkqumkigujmapumnmadhdadhmriksdfktjzkriksyrmhdrnkriks,auahkvjmamfki,fktjzkrêqummaedqumtjmamhknkuak.

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HI]X^MR Hdasjstmma? FkrhkruaA³nmrmpmtjhjdamstdtki FkrhkruaAdnmbidqumstdtki Idsbidqumsmstëasmpkrkndspdrfjhrdnmshkasdsnm;=-23‖

. momfpids? Skrkeumrzk >rmpmtjhjdamssmpkrknksmabidqumsnm;rmpmtjhjøa. >rmpmtjhjdamssmpkrknks mabidqumsnm;rmpmtjhjøa. Mimsqumfkgmamrkismqumnkræk Mimsqumfkgmamrki smqumnkrækma; ma;rmpmtjhjøa- rmpmtjhjøa-;=‖nmshkasdrmpmtjhjøa-;=‖ ;=‖nmshkasd;=‖nmshkasd;rmpmtjhjøa... Nmmstk fkam Nmmstk fkamrk, rk, hda hda uapmsd uapmsd hda hda miqumadsdfdshkpkhms miqumadsdfdshkpkhms nm lkhmrua>RF,pdnrmfdsfkamokridhdahdfdnjnkn. lkhmrua>RF, pdnrmfdsfkamokridhdahdfdnjnkn.

Skrkljpmrtrdejk Rmijzkrmfdsbidqumsnm rmpmtjhjdamsfëskitks rmpmtjhjdamsfëskitks.Ikakijnknnm .Ikakijnknnm mstktêhajhkmsmiprjahjpjdnmrmhiutkfjmatd. Sdrmomfpid,pdnmfdslkhmr8bidqumsnmrmpmtjhjdamsmatdtki.

5

   

KhtjvktjdaHiustmr(E]MR_KFË\JFK)? Hdaouatdnm8rmpmtjhjdamsnjvjnjnksmabidqumsnm;rmpmtjhjøa,hda ,hda ̋ ̋̋Hdaouatdnm8rmpmtjhjdamsnjvjnjnksmabidqumsnm;rmpmtjhjøa ̋ ;=-23nmnmshkasdmatrmmiids.Kiakinmihdaouatdnm8rmpmtjhjd̋̋ -;23 ̋̋ ,kufmatkfdsikhkrgkyrmpmtjfdsmi ams,nmshkaskrmfds:3 prdhmsd. Mstktêhajhksmlkhmkatmsnmuahiustmrprjahjpkipkrkhdatrdikrikhkrgk dkatmsnmsmrjmspmsknks. jj

XMRJMXHDFS]MX^ HDFS]MX^K KX XMRJMXHDFS]MX^ Bjsmrjms,trjsmrjms...hdasjstmama lkhmr2 momrhjhjdsdfëssmgujnds momrhjhjdsdfëssmgujnds,hda ,hda minmshkasdfæajfdmatrmmiids.

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cc2;   c  c Mstktêhajhkhdasjstmmalkhmr? 7rmpmtjhjdamshdfpimtks 7pkrhjkimsnmik;kpkrtmnmirmhdrrjnd 7pkrhjkimsnmikpkrtmakinmifdvjfjmatd 7pkrhjkimsnmikpkrtm akinmifdvjfjmatd adtk

̋̋ kûknjmand ^kfbjêamspdsjbimlkhmr ^kfbjêams pdsjbimlkhmrcc2< cc2< kûknjmand dtrksmrjmnmrmpmtjhjdamshdfpimtks. jv

RKFS^DFK\(Eumrzkfëxjfk) Mstktêhajhkmsnmkhtjvkhjøaamrvjdsk,kufmatkmirmhiutkfjmatdnmbrksnmhdatrkhhjøarëpjnk.Hdasjstmmajrkufmatkandmipmsdlkstk iimgkrkifëxjfdbushkndmsmnæk. Xmmfpjmzkhdaua=3%-53%.Xmrmkijzka2-8smrjmsnm8rmpmtjXmmfpjmzkhdaua=3%-53% .Xmrmkijzka2-8smrjmsnm8rmpmtjhjdamskfdndnmhkimatkfjmatd. Nmspuêshdfmazkfdshdaccsjagims . Skrkadektjgkradsmamxhmsd ADrmkijzkrmfdsfësnm-5smrjmsnm8rmpmtjhjdams ̋̋ nmnmshkasdmatrmsmrjms 83 Fkamokrækfdsuarkagdnmi83-53%nmaumstrd;RF. Fkamokrækfdsuarkagdnmi83-53%nmaumstrd; RF. adtk

Xmpumnmmstruhturkrhdauapmsdod,djrkufmatkandikhkrgknmi 83-53%kufmatkandminmshkasdmatrmsmrjmstkfbjêa. 83-53%kufmatkandminmshkasdmatrmsmrjms tkfbjêa. Z,´pdrquêuskfdspmsdstkaIJGMRDX4

Ikrmspumstkmssmahjiik,pkrkfmodrkrikpdtmahjknmbmfds Ikrmspumstkmssmahjiik ,pkrkfmodrkrikpdtmahjknmbmfds trkbkokrmahdanjhjdamsnmfæajfkektjgkgmamrkifmatm.

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XSMMNLMKUZNMAXJ^ZIJ UZNMAXJ^ZIJE^JAG UZNMAXJ^ZIJ E^JAG XSMMNLMK Mstktêhajhksmpikatmk? Hdauahdaouatdnm3-=3%nmifëxjfdqumtrkbkomfdsmsks8rmpmtjhjdams Ikakijnk Ikakijnknprjahjpk nprjahjpkinmmstktêhajhkmskpijh inmmstktêhajhkmskpijhkrikfkydrvmidhjn krikfkydrvmidhjnknma knma ̋̋ ikeksmhdahêatrjhk.Idsnmshkasdsmatrmsmrjmssmrmkijzkanm83->= ikeksmhdahêatrjhk.Idsnmshkasdsmatrmsmrjmssmrmkijzkanm8 3->= ysmsumimutjijzkrpkrk fmodrkridshdadhjndshdfdstjh`jagpdjats fmodrkridshdadhjndshdfdstjh`jagpdjats..

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^ÊHAJHK2/; Hdasjstmmarmkijzkr? Ikeksmhdahêatrjhkhdakfbksmxtrmfjnknms Ikeksmmxhêatrjhkhdauaksdik Xmsumimmfpimkrua73%nmi;RFkprdxjfknkfmatm,pkrkqumik Xmsumimmfpimkrua73%nmi;RFkprdxjfknkfmatm eksmmxhêatrjhksupdagkuamseumrzdfkydr. ,pkrkqumik Ikeksmhdahêatrjhksmnmbmrmkijzkr Ikeksmhdahêatrjhksm nmbmrmkijzkrkik kikfëxjfkvmidhjnkn fëxjfkvmidhjnknpdsjbim pdsjbim pdsjbim,, pmrdnmedrfkhdatrdiknk. ̋̋ . Ikeksmmxhêatrjhknmbmrækmahdatrkrsmmamifkrgmanm2-> Idjnmkimsrmkijzkrnm5-;3rmpmtjhjdamspdrsmrjm,msnmhjrnm8-= rmpmtjhjdamspdrmxtrmfjnknsjadsokfdsmaikseksmsmxhêatrjhks. ̋̋ pkrkpdnmrhdfpimtkriks Minmshkasdjnmkismmahdatrkrækma:3 smrjmsprdgrkfknksnmikfmodrfkamrkpdsjbim. smrjmsprdgrkfknksnmikfmodrfkamrk pdsjbim.

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^ÊHAJHKXKUKA_KNKXNM ^ÊHAJHKXKU KA_KNKXNMMA^RMAKFJMA KA_KNKXNM MA^RMAKFJMA^ MA^RMAKFJMA ^D

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^ÊHAJHKXGMAMRKIMX HDAHMS^]KIJ_KHJØA

Mstkstêhajhkshdasjstmamakufmatkrmivdiufmanmmatrmakfjmatdy ik tmasjøafmhëajhkpdrnjemrmatmsfmhkajsfds? tmasjøafmhëajhk pdrnjemrmatmsfmhkajsfds? Kufmatdnmikektjgk nmatrdnmsuhdatrdi,pdrkufmatdnmirmhiutkfjmatdnmbrks,mstrêsfmtkbøijhd... Ik ^MAXJØAFMHËAJHK ^MAXJØAFMHËAJHKrmsufjnkfmatmms? rmsufjnkfmatmms?

Kldrklkbikrmfdsnmiks RMSM^JHJDAMXMEMH^JUKX RMSM^JHJDAMXMEMH^JUKX?? BkodikprdpjkhdahiusjøabksknkmaikhjmahjknmaumstrdprdemsdrËagmi, Bkodikprdpjkhdahiusjøabksknkmaikhjmahjk nmaumstrdprdemsdrËagmi, yikstmdræksnmHlrjsBmkrnsimyyGrmgAuh`dis? yikstmdræksnmHlrjsBmkrnsimyy GrmgAuh`dis?

;;

   

adtk

Kÿaadtmamfdsuaktmdrækhikrkrmspmhtdkmstmtmfk,pmrdads sjrvmhdfddrjmatkhjøapkrkprdgrkfkryfmnjraumstrd matrmakfjmatdidfëskhmrtkndpdsjbim. ´Huëimsikhdahiusjøanmtdndmstd4

ccIKJA^MAXJNKNADMXAMGDHJKBIM   c  c Nmbjndkqumnmbmfdsgmamrkruaufbrkifæajfdnmtmasjøapkrk gmamrk gmamrkrikspdstmrjd rikspdstmrjdrmsknkptk rmsknkptkhjdams hjdams,pdridqummimatrmakfjma ,pdridqummimatrmakfjmatd td nmbmmstkrhmrhknmiekiid.Zma mstdhdbrkaprdtkgdajsfdikstêhajhksnmmatrmakfjmatdkvkazkndnmbjndkqum ajhksnmmatrmakfjmatdkvkazkndnmbjnd kqum adskhmrhkadads iimvkakmstmekiidfushuikr. Iktmasjøafmhëajhkmatdahms,msmiprjahjpkiekhtdrpkrkqumsm Iktmasjøafmhëajhk matdahms,msmiprjahjpkiekhtdrpkrkqumsm prdnuzhkikhkshknknmrmkhhjdamssjdiøgjhksqumkufmatkaik sæatmsjsnmprdtmæaksyhdamiidsmgurkfmatmiksgkakahjksnmfksk fushuikr. MimstrêsfmtkbøijhdqumgmamrkamstkstêhajhksmsuaekhtdrjfMimstrêsfmtkbøijhd qumgmamrkamstkstêhajhksmsuaekhtdrjfpdrtkatm,admasæfjsfd,sjadpdrmikufmatdnmiktmasjøafmhëajhkqumprdnuhmypdrqumpdrsæsdidmsuaekhtdrqumkyunk tkfbjêakikufmatdnmiksknkptkhjdams.

^ÊHAJHKX j

XMRJMX\/Z Mstktêhajhkhdasjstmmakitmrakr2aÿfmrdsnmrmpmtjhjdams Mstktêhajhkhdasjstmma kitmrakr2aÿfmrdsnmrmpmtjhjdams.. kitmrakr2aÿfmrdsnmrmpmtjhjdams Sdrmomfpid,smrjmsnm Rmps

;3-;= Rmps

FJXFD SMXD

FJHRDXMRJM= ;3-;=Rmps

Rmps K I EKIID

RMN]HJFDX ]A23% NMIKA^MRJDR

;5

 

 

\J

XMRJMXMAMXHKIMRK Mstktêhajhkhdasjstmmarmkijzkr bidqumsnmrmpmtjhjdamskshmanmatms bidqumsnmrmpmtjhjdamskshmanmatms  ̋ ̋ hdauanmshkasdnm;=.]akvmziimgkfdski . .]ak ]akvmziimgkfdskibidqum vmziimgkfdskibidqumnmrmpmtjhjdamsqum bidqumnm nmrmpmtj rmpmtjhjdams hjdamsqum fkrhkfdsiæfjtm,smkhkbkiksmrjm. Idjnmkimsmfpimkrmi73%nmipmsdqumutjijzkrækspkrkiksmrjmkRJR;, didqummsmqujvkimatmuaRJR8. Momfpid?

̋ -:rmps, ;bidqumnm,nmshkasdnm;= nmshkasdnm;= ̋ - ;3 ;3rmpmtjhjdams, rmpmtjhjdams,nmshkasd nmshkasdnm nmshkasd nm̋;= nm ;;rmpmtjhjdams...

xJ xJJJ

^ÊHAJHK; ;/> +

Mstktêhajhksmhdfpdamnm ;rmpmtjhjøahdfpimtkyuakpkrhjkimaik pkrtmnmirmhdrrjndqumqumrkfdsmaektjzkr pkrtmnmirmhdrrjndqumqumrkfds maektjzkr.. maektjzkr Mstktêhajhktjmamhdfdbksmiktmdræknmqumpumnmmxjstjr Mstktêhajhktjmamhdfdbksmik tmdræknmqumpumnmmxjstjr ikljpmrtrdk rmgjdaki.Hdfdbjmaskbmfds,maiksmatknjiik(pdrmomfpid),smnkanjrmgjdaki .Hdfdbjmaskbmfds,maiksmatknjiik(pdrmomfpid),smnkanjemrmatmsprmndfjakahjksmaikkhtjvkhjøanmnjemrmatmsfÿshuids,pdrid qumrmkijzkrmfdsmskpkrtmpkrhjkinmirmhdrrjndmamsmpuatd. qumrmkijzkrmfdsmskpkrtmpkrhjkinmirmhdrrjnd mamsmpuatd. Minmshkasdmatrmsmrjmsnmbmsmrhdfpimtdsdbrmtdndsjutjijzkfdsuak Minmshkasd matrmsmrjmsnmbmsmrhdfpimtdsdbrmtdndsjutjijzkfdsuak jatmasjnknmimvknk. adtk

Adsmrmhdfjmanksupmrkriks>smrjmsnmtrkbkodmemhtjvks. xJJj

^ÊHAJHK =/8 Mstktêh Mstk têhajh ajhk kmsnm msnmmsp mspmhj mhjkij kijzkh zkhjøa jøa maua grupdfushuikrhdahrmtd grupdfushuikrhdahrmtd.. ADrmkijzkrmfdsfëstrkbkodnjrmhtdmsmnækpkrkmigrupdfushuikr mshdgjnd.Minmshkasdmatrmsmrjms nmbmsmrhdfpimtd nmbmsmrhdfpimtd.. adtk

Adsmrmhdfjmanksupmrkriks8smrjmspdrsmsjøa. Rmkijzkrmfdsmisjgujmatmmsqumfk? HDA^RKHHJØA,rmpmtjhjdams,nmshkasd,bkokfdstjmfpd nmhdatrkhhjøayrmpmtjhjdams nmhdatrkhhjøay rmpmtjhjdams-rmpmtjfds rmpmtjhjdams -rmpmtjfds HDA^RKHHJØA

=smguands

>smguands

8smguands

rmpmtjhjdams

=rmpmtjhjdams

>rmpmtjhjdams

8rmpmtjhjdams

;3smguands

;3smguands

NMXHKAXD

nmshkasdmatrmsmrjms

;smrjmspdrsmsjøa. x U

ORMSX Mstktêhajhkhdasjstmma? Rmkijzkrrmpmtjhjdamspkrhjkimsnm Rmkijzkrrmpmtjhjdams Rmkijzkrrmpmtjhjdamspkrhjkimsnmfmnjdrmhdrr pkrhjkimsnmfmnjdrmhdrrjndmaik fmnjdrmhdrrjndmaikpkrtmfës jndmaikpkrtmfës pkrtmfës nêbjinmifdvjfjmatd. Sdstmrjdrfmatmsjanmshkasd,pkrhjkimsmaikdtrkfjtknnmirmhdrrjndfëseumrtm. ̋̋ yrmkijzkfdsrmpmtjhjdamshdfpimtkskiekiid. Nmshkaskfds23 Ikjnmkmsrmkijzkrmatrm;3-;2rmpmtjhjdamsRJR;pkrkskbmrmipmsdk ̋̋ -;23 ̋̋ . utjijzkr. Nmshkasdhdfpimtd:3

xU xUjj

XMRJMXFJHRD-FDN Hdasjstmmanjemrmatms hkfbjdsnmkgkrrm hkfbjdsnmkgkrrmnmatrdnmuaksmrjm. nmatrdnmuaksmrjm. Idjnmkimshdfmazkrhdamikgkrrmfësnêbji Idjnmkimshdfmazkrhdamikgk rrmfësnêbjimjrhkfbjkandhkn mjrhkfbjkandhknkxrmpmkxrmpmtjhjdamsfkrhknksnmkgkrrm. ̋̋ -;?

̋̋ rmpmtjhjdams,pkrknkjsdfêtrjhkma Rmkijzkrcc\ rmpmtjhjdams,pkrknkjsdfêtrjhkmafjtknnmirmhdrrjndd fjtknnmirmhdrrjnddma ma mipuatdnmfëxjfkhdatrkhhjøayrmpmtjhjdamskiekiid. mipuatdnmfëxjfkhdatrkhhjøay rmpmtjhjdamskiekiid.

UKRJKA^M=?

̋̋ rmpmtjhjdams,pkrknkjsdfêtrjhkmafjtknnmirmhdrrjndd Rmkijzkrcc\ mamipuatdnm mami mamipuatdnmfëxjfkhdatrkhhjøa,rmkijzkruaknrdp puatdnmfëxjfkhdatrkhhjøa, fëxjfkhdatrkhhjøa,rmkijzkruak rmkijzkruaknrdpsmt,rmpmtjhjdams nrdpsmt,rmpmtjhjdamski smt,rmpmtjhjdamski ki ekiidmjsdfêtrjhkkiekiidmamipuatdnmfëxjfkhdatrkhhjøa. ekiidmjsdfêtrjhkkiekiidmamipuatdnmfëxjfk hdatrkhhjøa. Mstkssdaiksvkrjkatmsfësutjijzknksmamifuandnmihuiturjsfd,hdfd pdnêjsvmr,ikspkrknksjsdfêtrjhkstjmamafuitjtunnmpdsjbimsvkrjkatms. pdnêjsvmr,ikspkrknksjsdfêtrjhkstjmama fuitjtunnmpdsjbimsvkrjkatms. adtk

Fësnmtkiimsmaiksjgujmatmtêhajhk xUJjJ

SRDGRMXXJUMJXDFM^RJHXLDINX Mimsqumfkmssjfjikrkikatmrjdrmaikvkrjkatm;,pmrdhdaikpmhuijkrjnkn nmqumsmkufmatkatkfbjêaiksrmpmtjhjdams nmqumsm kufmatkatkfbjêaiksrmpmtjhjdamsouatdhdaids ouatdhdaidssmguandsnm smguandsnm hdatrkhhjøa. Mimsqumfksmrækmisjgujmatm? Mimsqumfksmrækmi sjgujmatm?

;rmpmtjhjøa‘; ̋ fëxjfkhdatrkhhjøa/2rmps-2smgs /8rmps-8smgs... Idjnmkimakfbdsmsqumfk Idjnmki makfbdsmsqumfksnmpkrknkjsd makfbdsmsqumfk snmpkrknkjsdfêtrjhk fêtrjhkmsrmkijzkr msrmkijzkr8->sm8->sm̋ ̋ ̋ ̋ rjms,hdauanmshkasdhdfpimtdmatrmsmrjmsnm;23-;. Xmrjmkiekiidhdamifjsfdpmsd.Nmshkasd= =. Xmrjmkiekiidhdamifjsfdpmsd.Nmshkasd= ̋ ̋ 5. Xmrjmkiekiidhdamifjsfdpmsd.Nmshkasd;=

7. Xmrjmkiekiidhdamifjsfdpmsd.Nmshkasd>= ̋ aÿfmrds.Mi; Ikhknmahjksmhdrrmspdanmnm> aÿfmrds.Mi;dhdrrmspdanmkik eksmmxhêatrjhk,mi2daÿfmrdkiktrkasjhjøamatrmeksmmxhêatrjhky k hdahêatrjhk,mi8mrnægjtdkinmikeksmhdahêatrjhkymi> kiktrkasj̋ ̋ hjøamatrmhdahêatrjhkymxhêatrjhk.Ikcc\ hdrrmspdanmkrmkijzkrid nmfkamrkmxpidsjvkdidfësrëpjndpdsjbim.

2;

 

 

x\JJJ

^KFSKSRD^DHDIDXMRJMXccJX^    c  c Mstktêhajhkmsrmhdfmankbimpkrk Mstktêhajhkms rmhdfmankbimpkrk momrhjhjdsnmkjsikfjmatdysjsdama fëqujaksfmodrpdrmirjmsgdkûknjnd fëqujaksfmodrpdr mirjmsgdkûknjndpdrikektjgk pdrikektjgk. ̋ ̋ nm Hdasjstmmarmkijzkr8fjhrdsmrjmsnmrmpmtjhjdams.Miekiidhda83 pkuskjsdfêtrjhkmamipuatd pkuskjsdfêtrjhk mamipuatdnmfkydrmstjrkfjmatd nmfkydrmstjrkfjmatdkatmsnma katmsnmakijzkrmi kijzkrmi rmhdrrjnd. fjhrdXMRJM ;

RMSM^JHJDAMX

SMXDK]^JIJ_KR

;2 Rmps 

;2Rmps(RJR3)

fjhrdXMRJM 2

83 XMG

EKIID

NJXFJA]JR ]A83%

fjhrdXMRJM 8

83 XMG

EKIID

NJXFJA]JR ]A83%

adtk

Adsmrmhdfjmankrmkijzkrfësnm2d8smr Adsmrmhdfjmankrmkijzkrfësnm2 d8smrjmsyajagÿatr jmsyajagÿatrkbkod kbkod njrmhtdnmikfushuikturkjfpijhknk, njrmhtdnmik fushuikturkjfpijhknk,msnmhjr, msnmhjr,sjlkhmfds msnmhjr,sjlkhmfdsmstm sjlkhmfds sjlkhmfdsmstm mstm prdtdhdidmahurinmbæhmps, prdtdhdidmahur prdtdhdidmahurinmbæhmps,ad inmbæhmps,adrmkijzkrajagÿatrkbkod adrmkijzkrajagÿatrkbkod rmkijzkrajagÿatrkbkod qumjavdiuhrmmibæhmpsnmfkamrknjrmhtk. qumjavdiuhrmmibæhmpsnmfkamrk njrmhtk. Ik bksm Ikbks mqum qum sustm sustmatk atk mstk mstktêh têhajh ajhk ksmmahu smmahumat matrk rkmaids maidsmst mstunj unjdsnm dsnm Lkan Lk anmi mi y hdik hdikbd bdrk rknd ndrm rms s ndan ndanm m kpua kpuatk tkbk bka a fmod fmodrk rks s id ids s suom suomtd tds s qum qum rmkijzkbkamstjrkfjmatdsrmsjstjndsjatrk-smrjm.^kfbjêasmkrgufmatk hdaidsmstunjdssdbrmmstjrkfjmatdsrmsjstjndsysupdsjbimfmodrkma ikljpmrtrdk,kuaqumkÿaekitkjavmstjgkhjøakirmspmhtdpkrklkhmr krfkhjdamshdahrmtks. adtk

Ikssjgujmatmstêhajhkssmutjijzkama Ikssjgujmatmstêhajhks smutjijzkamamomrhjhjdsbësjhds momrhjhjdsbësjhdsmafëqujaks momrhjhjdsbësjhdsmafëqujaks mafëqujaks nmpkikahksdmaimvkatkfjmatdsbës nmpkikahksd maimvkatkfjmatdsbësjhdsijbrms. jhdsijbrms.Xdatêhajhksqumsm jhdsijbrms.Xdatêhajhksqum Xdatêhajhksqumsm Xdatêhajhksqumsm pumnmautjijzkrpkrkikfmodrknmikeumrzk pumnmautjijzkrpkrkik fmodrknmikeumrzkyikljpmrtrd yikljpmrtrdk. k.

x\JU

NZAKFJHSRM-KH^JUK^JDA Mstktêhajhksmbkskma Mstktêhajhksm Mstktêhajhksmbkskmarmkijzkr>-5 bkskmarmkijzk rmkijzkr>-5smrjmsnm8 r>-5smrjmsnm8Rmpmtj smrjmsnm8RmpmtjhjdamsRJR;-2nm RmpmtjhjdamsRJR;-2 hjdamsRJR;-2nm nm fkamrkmxpidsjvk.

Ikakijnknmshrmkrmifkydrmstæfuid Ikakijnknmshrmkrmifkydr mstæfuid.Minmshkasdnmbmsmrmifæajfd ̋

̋ . matrmsmrjms83->=

22

 

 

x\U

EDRHMXSMH^R]FRKFSJAG Hdasjstmmalkhmr =-5smrjms =-5smrjmsnm8rmpmtjhjdams nm8rmpmtjhjdams/\rmpmtjhjdams. /\rmpmtjhjdams.

Ik;;ksmrjmhdfmazkrmfdshdauapmsdqumadspmrfjtkrmkijzkr< Ik rmpmtjhjdams(RJR3),SMRDRMKIJ_KRMFDXXDID8RMSM^JHJDAMX. Maik2ksmrjmkufmatkrmfds smrjmkufmatkrmfdsmipmsd(;=%) mipmsd(;=%)yrmkijzkfds8 yrmkijzkfds8rmpmtjhjdrmpmtjhjdams,ksæsuhmsjvkfmatm. Maik Maik5smrjm Maik5smrjmkihkazkrækfdsuapmsdhdamiqumlkrækfds8rmpmtjhjd5smrjmkihkaz kihkazkrækfdsuapmsdhda krækfdsuapmsdhdamiqumlkrækfds8 miqumlkrækfds8rrmpmtjhjdams(RJR3)kpmskrnmikektjgkkhufuiknk,tmørjhkfmatmhikrd,kquæ  matrkanjvmrsdsekhtdrmsmaoumgd. Kiakijzkrik5ksmrjm,njsfjaujfdsmipmsdua23-83%nmifëxjfd kihkazkndykûknjfdsuaksmrjmkiekiid. Mstktêhajhksmutjijzktkfbjêa pkrkfmodrkrikeumrzk. x\UJ

HKSKHJ^ZRKFSJAG Hdasjstmmalkhmr >-5smrjmsnm8k=rmpmtjhjdams?

Hdfmazkfdsik;ksmrjmhdauapmsdnm=rmpmtjhjdams(RJR;)ylkhmfds8rmpmtjhjdams Maik2ksmrjmlkrækfds>rmpmtjhjdams. Maik8ksmrjmysuhmsjvkslkrækfds=rmpmtjhjdams,(Adsumimaskijr fësnm8smrjmsnm=rmpmtjhjdamspdrmsdsmmstjpuiknm>-5smrjms tdtkims. adtk

Msrmhdfmankbimutjijzkrmstk Msrmhdfmankbim Msrmhdfmankbimutjijzkrmstktêhajhknmspuêsnmuak nmkhtjvkhjøaamrvjdsk. utjijzkrmstktêhajhknmspuês têhajhknmspuêsnm nmuak x\UJJ

RK^HLM^IDKNJAG Hdasjstmma =k7smr =k7smrjmshdamisjg jmshdamisjgujmatmmsqumfk;/8/\ ujmatmmsqumfk;/8/\. ]arkthlmtmstëedrfkndpdr2smrjmsqumsmrmkijzkahdamifjsfdpmsd?

̋̋ nm;rmpmtjhjøa. Ik;ksmrjm,smrækuakccemmismt Ik2ksmrjmuaknm8rmpmtjhjdams. Jahrmfmatkrmipmsdmahknkrkthlmt,smlkhmanm2k>rkhthlmt hdfdfëxjfd. 28

 

 

. momfpidsprëhtjhdX?

XMRJM ; 

XMRJM 2 

XMRJM 8 

=-53"

8 r mpmtjhjdams

:3"katmsnmi sjgujmatmr sjgujmatm rkthlmt

:3@G

;rmpmtjhjøa

>=-53"

8rmpmtjhjdams

:3"katmsnmi sjgujmatmr sjgujmatm rkthlmt

;33@G

;rmpmtjhjøa

>=-53"

8rmpmtjhjdams

:3"katmsnmi sjgujmatmr sjgujmatm rkthlmt

smrjmkiekiidnm

;;3@G

;rmpmtjhjøa

>=-53"

8rmpmtjhjdams

:3"katmsnmik smrjmkiekiid smrjmki ekiid

rmpmtjhjdamshda ua23-83%fmads nmifëxjfdpmsd mfpimknd

2>

 

 

^ÊHAJHKXKUKA_KNKXNM ^ÊHAJHKXKU KA_KNKXNMMA^RMAKFJMA^D KA_KNKXNM MA^RMAKFJMA^D

RMEMRMAHJKX

2=

 

 

25  

 

27  

 

NMMA^RMAKFJMA^ NMM A^RMAKFJMA^D A^RMAKFJMA^ D BZK]NJDEJ^  ëagmi ëagmiIØSM_ IØSM_ r

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