4G Wireless Networks

4G Wireless Networks Implementation and challenges What is 4G?

4G is the fourt fourth h genera generatio tion n wirele wireless ss networ network k commun communica icatio tions ns technol technology ogy Standa Standard. rd. When implemented, users of 4G devices will have the ability to access to application ranging from basic voice communication to seamless real time streaming video. What technologies comprise 4G?

Unlike previous standards such as 3G (third generation), 4G is based entirely on packet switched networks. In addition, all 4G networks will be digital and will provide higher   bandwidths of up to 100 Mbps. 4G is actually a collection of previous standards as oppose oppose to an entire entirely ly new standa standards rds.. Standa Standards rds such such as 3G and Bluetoot Bluetooth h will will be incorporated in to the 4G standards. Why do we need 4G?

One may wonder why 4G is needed when 3G has not yet been fully implemented. Firstly 3G’s maximum data transfer rate of 384 Kbps is much lower than 2 Mbps. The most influential reason for the fall of the 3G networks and rise of 4G networks is the cost related to the creation of 3G networks. In Europe and Asia, several companies have invested huge money on licensing and implementation of 3G Networks. With its use of existing technologies and communication standards, 4G present a compar comparab ably ly inex inexpe pens nsiv ivee stan standa dard rd.. 4G will will util utiliz izee most most of the the exist existin ing g wire wirele less ss commu communi nica cati tion on infr infras astr truc uctu ture re.. In addi additi tion, on, ther theree will will be less less lice licens nsin ing g cost costss in comparison to 3G since 4G will utilize frequencies deemed to be in the public domain. What are the specifications of 4G?

One may ask how 4G can provide a 10 times increase in data transfer over 3G. This speed can be achieved through Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM). OFDM can not only transfer data at speed of more than 100 Mbps, but it can also eliminate interference that impairs high speed signals. What are the potential applications of 4G?

With its high bandwidth and incorporation of several standards, 4G will provide for a vast number of presently non-existent applications for mobile devices. Some believe that it will be possible for users to purchase groceries, watch movies, and open their garages all with one single mobile device. Experts have stated that 4G devices will differ from  present  present day mobile mobile devices devices in that there will be fewer navigation navigation menus. [4] Instead Instead the devices devices will interpret interpret the environment of the device and base actions actions on the users input. In addition, 4G

will likely succeed where 3G failed and provide a seamless network for users who travel and require uninterrupted voice/data connections. Comparing Key Parameters of 4G with 3G

3G (including 2.5G, 4G sub3G) Major Requirement Predominantly voice driven Converged data and voice Driving Architecture - data was always add on over IP Hybrid - Integration of  Network Architecture Wide area cell-based Wireless LAN (WiFi, Bluetooth) and wide area 20 to 100 Mbps in mobile Speeds 384 Kbps to 2 Mbps mode Dependent on country or  Higher frequency bands (2-8 Frequency Band continent (1800-2400 MHz) GHz) Bandwidth 5-20 MHz 100 MHz (or more) Switching Design All digital with packetized Circuit and Packet Basis voice Access OFDM and MC-CDMA (Multi W-CDMA, 1xRTT, Edge Technologies Carrier CDMA) Forward Error  Concatenated coding Convolution rate 1/2, 1/3 Correction scheme Smarter Antennas, software Optimized antenna design, Component Design multilane and wideband multi-band adapters radios A number of air link IP All IP (IP6.0) protocols, including IP 5.0

Applications

Wireless users can be categorized into generalized segments. Users can be segmented in many ways. We are considering segmenting users in to the following categories: Gender, age, Internet usage, income brackets and mobile professional. The Gender segment refers to new female users, versus traditional male users. These users are typically medium-income individuals. The types of applications being developed for this segment are social and entertainment applications such as instant Messaging and chatting. Being developed for this segment are messaging applications such as mobile faxing, e-mailing, and instant messaging? To augment solid applications,  providers are also developing subscriber equipment to allow for roaming on disparate, worldwide The Age segment is composed of the youth market—generally individuals 18 years old or younger. Typically these users do not pay for their own service—their parents or  guardians do. The types of applications being developed for this segment are social and entertainment applications such as music services.

The Internet Usage segment is composed of individuals that typically spend longer  than average (i.e., more than about 32 minutes per session1) browsing the Internet. Typical users in this segment are technology focused. The types of applications being developed for this segment are information applications such as personalized news services and streaming news feeds (i.e., delivered with audio, video, text, or any combination of the three). These users are especially difficult for providers to satisfy  because they are accustomed to the Internet model of billing (i.e., essentially unlimited usage for a small, Fixed fee). The Income Bracket user segment is composed of middle-aged, value-conscious individuals. The types of applications being developed for this segment are information Services such as up-to-the-minute, personalized stock tickers. These users are also generally safety oriented; therefore, regular, reliable voice and data communications are  paramount. The Mobile Professional segment refers to users who rely on wireless devices to conduct day-to-day business. This segment includes professionals who travel on a regular   basis. These users are generally very important to service providers because they often spend more to obtain the services they require. The types of applications being developed for this segment are messaging applications such as mobile faxing, e-mailing, and instant messaging. To augment solid applications, providers are also developing subscriber  equipment to allow for roaming on disparate, worldwide wireless networks using a single Communications device (worldwide interoperability). Establish a single profile that will  be associated with the user whether in his/her home coverage area or roaming on other  systems. Access Technology

The move towards what is being coined fourth generation (4G) wireless is complicated  by the fact that a single 3G standard upon which to build does not exist. However, most industry experts agree that the future of wireless is one in which voice, video, multimedia and broadband data services traveling across multiple wireless air interfaces are meshed into one seamless network. 4G Wireless networks will be characterized by the following: 1. Seamless network of multiple air interfaces and protocols 2. Improved spectral efficiency 3. IP Based 4. Higher data bandwidths (