46588656 Line Distance Protection IED REL 670

Substation Automation Products

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ABB Ltd., Bangalore - 2007

REL670 - Line Distance Protection IED

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Contents Introduction REL670 functionality Distance protection in REL670 Additional protection functions Control & Supervision functions

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ABB Ltd., Bangalore - 2007

Summary

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Main application Line distance protection terminal for: All voltage levels Directly earthed networks OH-lines Cables Double circuit lines

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ABB Ltd., Bangalore - 2007

Single-, two- or three pole trip

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Main Characteristics Line IED for protection, monitoring and control Building block in Substation Automation Systems Completely full scheme Functional flexibility Configuration flexibility

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ABB Ltd., Bangalore - 2007

Extensive self- supervision

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Contents Introduction

REL670 functionality Distance protection in REL670 Additional protection functions Control and Supervision functions Communications and Tools

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ABB Ltd., Bangalore - 2007

Summary

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Protection functions = Option

= Included Current Currentreversal reversal&&WEI WEIlogic logicfor forearth earthfault fault(EFCA) (EFCA) Scheme Schemecommunication communicationfor forearth earthfault fault(EFC) (EFC) 44stage stageearth earthfault faultprotection protection(TEF) (TEF) Instantaneous Instantaneousnon-dir non-dirresidual residualO/C O/C(IEF) (IEF) and andphase phaseovercurrent overcurrentprotection protection(IOC) (IOC) Time Timedelayed delayed44stage stageO/C O/Cprotection protection(TOC) (TOC)

Current Currentreversal reversal&&weak-end weak-endinfeed infeed(ZCAL) (ZCAL) Scheme Schemecommunication communicationlogic, logic,(ZCOM) (ZCOM) Power Powerswing swingdetection, detection,(PSD) (PSD) Local Localacceleration accelerationlogic logic(PLAL) (PLAL)

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ABB Ltd., Bangalore - 2007

Automatic Automaticswitch switchonto ontofault fault(SOFT) (SOFT) Distance Distanceprotection protection(ZM, (ZM,GFPS) GFPS) PSS-SAP/NRV 6

Protection functions = Option

= Included General Generalcurrent current&&voltage voltagemeasuring measuringfunction, function, 11or or22CB, CB,(GF) (GF) Two Twostage stagetime timedelayed delayedresidual residualover-voltage, over-voltage, 11or or22CB, CB,(TRV) (TRV)

Two Twostage stagetime timedelayed delayedover-voltage, over-voltage,11or or22CB, CB,(TOV) (TOV) Two Twostage stagetime timedelayed delayedunder-voltage, under-voltage,11or or22CB, CB,(TUV) (TUV) Pole-discordance, Pole-discordance,11or or22CB, CB,(PD) (PD) Stub Stubprotection, protection,22CB, CB,(STB) (STB) Breaker Breakerfailure failureprotection, protection,11or or22CB, CB,(BP) (BP)

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ABB Ltd., Bangalore - 2007

Thermal Thermaloverload overloadprotection, protection,11or or22CB, CB,(BP) (BP) Distance Distanceprotection protectionwith withMho Mhocharacteristic characteristic

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Supervision and Control functions = Option

= Included

Apparatus Apparatuscontrol, control,single singlebay baymax max88apparatuses apparatuses Autorecloser Autorecloserfor for1,1,22&/or &/or33ph, ph, single, single,11½ ½ or ordouble doubleCB, CB,(AR) (AR) Synchrocheck Synchrocheck&&energizing energizingcheck, check,1,1 1,1½ ½or ordouble doubleCB, CB,(SYN) (SYN)

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ABB Ltd., Bangalore - 2007

Fuse Fusefailure failuresupervision, supervision,1or 1or22CB CB(FFD) (FFD) Current Currentcircuit circuitsupervision, supervision,11or or22CB CB(CCS) (CCS)

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Logics and monitoring functions = Option

= Included Multiple Multiplecommand commandand andtransmit, transmit,single singleor ordouble doubleCB(CM, CB(CM,MT) MT)

Pulse-counter Pulse-counterlogic logicfor formetering, metering,(PC) (PC) Fault Faultlocator locator(FL) (FL) Disturbance Disturbancereport report(DR) (DR) Service Servicevalue valuereading readingofofU, U,I If,f,P,Q, P,Q,SS&&power powerfactor, factor,(VP) (VP)

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ABB Ltd., Bangalore - 2007

Trip Tripmatrix matrixlogic, logic,1or 1or22CB, CB,12 12instances instances(TR) (TR) Single, Single,two twoor orthree threepole poletrip triplogic, logic,11or or22CB CB(TRP) (TRP)

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Contents Introduction Functionality

Main features in REL670 Distance protection in REL670 Additional protection functions Control and Supervision functions Communications and Tools

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ABB Ltd., Bangalore - 2007

Summary

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Main features in REL670 Typical operate time: One cycle Full scheme with simultaneous measurement in each loop and advanced phase selection Very low requirement of time to saturation for CT’s including maximum remanence Complete software library for all applications

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ABB Ltd., Bangalore - 2007

Full Bay control functionality available(Option).

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Contents Introduction Functionality Main features in REL670

Distance protection in REL670 Other protection functions Control and monitoring functions Communications and Tools

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ABB Ltd., Bangalore - 2007

Summary

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Distance Protection algorithm Measuring algorithm

Same reliable algorithm as REL5xx

I XS

XL

. di X u = i .R + . ωo dt

ABB Ltd., Bangalore - 2007

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U

PSS-SAP/NRV 13

RL

Export and import of load A

B

Import

Export ZL

No compensation

Um

Um

Z<

Z<

X

Export

Adaptive compensation

X

Import

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ABB Ltd., Bangalore - 2007

ZL

R

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R

ZM: Operation characteristic for Ph-Ph loops jX (Ω / phase) RFPP/2

R1

ArgNegRes

Characteristic for Ph-Ph loops

RFPP/2

Fault resistance for reverse direction is defined from the Yaxes

X1

Few setting parameters = easy handling

ϕL R (Ω / phase) ArgDir X1

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ABB Ltd., Bangalore - 2007

R1+RFPP/2

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RFPP/2

Setting parameters for forward direction in blue

ZM:Operating characteristic Ph-E Quadrilateral characteristic improves sensitivity Independent setting of: Reactive reach direction Resistive reach direction

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ABB Ltd., Bangalore - 2007

Directionality

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ZM: Setting parameters Setting parameters for measuring zones: Positive sequence resistive reach: R1 ( /phase) Positive sequence reactive reach: X1 ( /phase) Zero sequence resistive reach: R0 ( /phase) Zero sequence reactive reach: X0 ( /phase)

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ABB Ltd., Bangalore - 2007

Fault resistance for phase-phase fault: RFPP ( /loop) Fault resistance for phase-earth fault: RFPE ( /loop)

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ZM: Setting parameters Each zone can be set On/Off be set NonDir/ Forw/Rev

For each zone The Ph-Ph and Ph-E fault loops can individually be set On/Off

Individual timers for Ph-Ph and Ph-E fault loop

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ABB Ltd., Bangalore - 2007

Both Ph-Ph and Ph-E fault loops have a settable minimum operating current IMinOpPP, respective IMinOpPE and IMinOpIN

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Phase selection (PS) The main objective is To release the Measuring zones for phase selective tripping To give indication of faulty phase(s)

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ABB Ltd., Bangalore - 2007

To ensure secure operation of the phase selector in case of combination of line to earth fault and phase to phase fault there is a check of the relation between IN and Iph which is used to release the correct fault loop

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Phase Selection Phase to earth fault /loop

X

RFRvPE

Kr

Phase to phase fault

X1

/phase

X

RFRvPP/2

RFFwPE

X1+XN

Kr

X1

X1 60 deg

60 deg

R

/loop X1+XN 60 deg

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ABB Ltd., Bangalore - 2007

RFRvPE

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R X1

Kr = 1 / tan(60deg)

60 deg Kr

X1

RFFwPP/2

RFFwPE

RFRvPP/2

Kr X1

RFFwPP/2

/phase

Kr = 1 / tan(60deg)

General Fault & Phase Selection Three phase fault

Easy to coordinate GFPS-ZM X

X

90 deg

2 X1 K3

R

RFFwPP K3 R

RFRvPP K3

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ABB Ltd., Bangalore - 2007

K3 = 2 / sqrt(3)

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30 deg

Load encroachment X

ZM4 ZM3

Maximum Load Angle

ZM2

ZM1

δ

LOAD

TRIP ZM4 ZM5

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ABB Ltd., Bangalore - 2007

Fault Resistance (RFPE, RFPP/2)

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Minimum Load Resistance

R

Load encroachment Load encroachment allows better fault resistance coverage without interference with load

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ABB Ltd., Bangalore - 2007

Releases the measuring zones including the phase selection for phase selective tripping

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Contents Introduction Functionality Main features in REL670 Distance protection in REL670

Other protection functions Control and monitoring functions Communications and Tools

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ABB Ltd., Bangalore - 2007

Summary

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4-step Earth fault protection (TEF)

Four stage Earth overcurrent.

IF

Each stage can be set Off, Nondirectional, Forward or Reverse Each stage can be Definite- or Inverse time delayed. Taylor made curve is available Each stage can be blocked from second harmonic inrush currents.

UL1+UL2+UL3

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ABB Ltd., Bangalore - 2007

IN> 4 PSS-SAP/NRV 25

Directional polarizing from calculated UL1+UL2+UL3 or by external Open delta to a separate Analogue input.

Distance protection - Communication schemes Permissive system A

B

Permissive schemes, where a permissive condition to trip is sent. Gives high security but lower dependability.

Z<

Z<

underreaching,

Carrier send CS = Z< Forward, under- or overreach

overreaching,

Trip = Z< Forward Z1, Z2 or Z3 & Carrier received

Blocking system

A

B

ABB Ltd., Bangalore - 2007

Z<

Carrier send CS = Z< Reverse zone

Z<

_____________

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Trip = Z< Forward Z1, Z2 or Z3 & Carrier received &T0 PSS-SAP/NRV 26

The communication schemes are of two basic types:

Blocking schemes, where a blocking signal preventing "instantaneous tripping" is sent. Gives high dependability but lower security.

Distance protection - Unblocking schemes Permissive system A

B

21

Z<

21

Z<

Carrier send CS = Z< Forward, under or overreach

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ABB Ltd., Bangalore - 2007

Trip = Z< Forward Z1, Z2 or Z3 & Carrier received or Loss of PLC Guard signal.

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The loss of communication guard is considered equal to a received signal and accelerate the tripping Continuously During a time window The signal PLC Guard is connected to the GRG input in ZCOM logic.

Local acceleration logic Features Instantaneous trips for faults on the whole line length without telecommunication

Operation mode zone extension An overreaching zone allows to trip instantaneous

Operation mode loss of load An overreaching zone allows to trip instantaneous if the current in one or two phases get low

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ABB Ltd., Bangalore - 2007

Selective trip at auto reclosing

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Current reversal logic 21

Z< 21

Z<

21

21

Z<

Z< CS

CR

21

21

21

Z<

Z<

Z< CS

ZM2

CR

ZM3R

&

Trip

&

Carrier send

60 &

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ABB Ltd., Bangalore - 2007

40

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CR?

21

Z<

Weak-End Infeed L1N/L2N A Forw

G

L1N/L2N B L1N

Z<

Z<

Z< WEI

G

Z< WEI

For cases when one side has a weak, or non-existant source a WEI logic is advantageous. Strong side will send Permissive OVERREACH signal. At Weak-end the signal received will be

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ABB Ltd., Bangalore - 2007

mirrored back on detection of low voltage to accelerate the strong end tripping Tripping with local undervoltage (Ph-Ph, Ph-E) check logic PSS-SAP/NRV 30

Power swing detection jX

Based on the same principles as REL5xx but:

ZL X1InFw * KLdRFw X1InFw

R1FInRv

R1FInFw

ϕL ϕ L

R1FInRv * KLdRRv KLdRRv*RLdOutRv

RLdOutRv

ϕL

Load encroachment algorithm introduced ARGLd

RLdOutFw KLdRFw*RLdOutFw

R1LIn

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ABB Ltd., Bangalore - 2007

X1InRv

X1InRv * KLdRRv

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Allows better fault resistance coverage without interference with load R

Switch On To Fault (SOTF) A basic protection function which enables instantaneous trip at closing of breaker. Non directional to cover zero voltage due to forgotten earthing switch

U=0 V

Z< jX (Ω / phase)

Two versions: A binary input (bc) which releases the SOTF overreaching zone at breaker closing command

Zone2 or Zone3 Zone1 ArgNegRes

ϕL R (Ω / phase) ArgDir

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ABB Ltd., Bangalore - 2007

β

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Internal measurement detects that no voltage and no current is available for a certain time(DLD). The instantaneous, non directional measurement is then activated internally.

An overreaching zone shall be used to allow operation also at AR achieving trip for all line faults

STUB protection Instantaneous overcurrent protection of busbar connection (STUB) when a line disconnector is open Required in Multi-breaker arrangements with CVT (VT) on line side of DS

25 ms

Line discon.

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ABB Ltd., Bangalore - 2007

open

I STUB >

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Z< (21) function cannot measure when line disconnector is open and must be blocked.

&

Trip

Fuse Failure Supervision Measuring quantities are selectable between:

IL

zero sequence voltage and current: U0 > Uref and I0 = 0 negative sequence voltage and current: U2 > Uref and I2 = 0 Sudden change in current and voltage:

>Z

Programmable influence on the operation of zone measuring elements

ABB Ltd., Bangalore - 2007

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DI/Dt and DU/Dt

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Single Pole Tripping

T

R

R

S

S

T

Simultaneous and independent measurement for all fault loops in separate phase selectors is necessary for correct phase selection and single pole tripping because: Line faults represent 85% of all faults in power systems 75% of the line faults are single phase to earth faults 5% of the line faults are evolving faults

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ABB Ltd., Bangalore - 2007

80-95% are transient.

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Auto-Reclosing Input signals – typical connections

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ABB Ltd., Bangalore - 2007

CB ready CB closed

From high priority AR PSS-SAP/NRV 36

Auto Reclosing Single-/ Two-/ Three-phase reclosing programs Program

1st attempt

2nd attempt

3rd and 4st attempt

1

3 phase

3 phase

3 phase

3 phase

2

1/2/3 phase

3

1/2 phase (No 3 phase) 1/2 phase (No 3 phase)

1 phase 2 phase 3 phase 1 phase 2 phase 1 phase 2 phase

3 phase 3 phase 3 phase 3 phase 3 phase 3 phase ----

3 phase 3 phase 3 phase 3 phase 3 phase 3 phase ----

1 phase 2 phase 3 phase 1 phase 2 phase 3 phase

3 phase 3 phase ---3 phase -------

3 phase 3 phase ---3 phase -------

4

1/2/3 phase

6

1/2/3 phase

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ABB Ltd., Bangalore - 2007

5

PSS-SAP/NRV 37

Auto-Reclosing – new in REx670 Start Quick AR without synchrocheck Skip a step and continue with next (at multiple shots)

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ABB Ltd., Bangalore - 2007

Put AR on hold e.g. waiting for Thermal relays to reset to have less sag before reclosing PSS-SAP/NRV 38

Energizing Check UA

UB

A

B

ILoad Inductive and Capacitive charging of dead line

Uhigh 27 SC/VC

Ulow

The dead line and Live bus conditions are checked.

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ABB Ltd., Bangalore - 2007

Uhigh and Ulow are verified

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Synchronism Check UA

UB

A

B

ILoad

UAL

25 SC/VC

Icap

d dU

Paralleling (synchronism conditions are checked

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ABB Ltd., Bangalore - 2007

∆ , ∆f, ∆U and Uhigh are within set values

PSS-SAP/NRV 40

Synchrocheck function U-Bus

U-Line

∆U ∆φ

SYNC

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ABB Ltd., Bangalore - 2007

BLOCK

PSS-SAP/NRV 41

U> 50-120% of Ub U< 10- 80% of Ub 80 ms (typical)

Paralleling (Synchronism) Check Frequency difference ∆f < 3-1000mHz Voltage difference ∆U < 2 - 50 % of Ub Phase difference ∆φ < 5 - 90o Operate time 80 ms (typical)

U-Bus

Fuse fail

Energizing check High voltage Low voltage Operate time

Line reference voltage

Accuracy of frequency measurement about 0,5 mHz!

Synchrocheck – Function block Block inputs DS Bus 1 at DB arrangement

Conditions for AR Conditions for Man close Test conditions fulfilled

DS Bus 2 at DB arrangement DS Line at 1 1/2 arrangement DS alt Line at 1 1/2 arrangement Bus1 VT Fuse fail alt. OK Bus2 VT Fuse fail alt. OK Line 1 VT Fuse fail alt. OK Line 2 VT Fuse fail alt. OK

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ABB Ltd., Bangalore - 2007

Test mode inputs

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Fuse fail on sel fuse Information that the voltage is included in the synchrocheck Information that the conditions for voltage, diff voltage phase angle diff etc are fulfilled

Synchrocheck – Voltage selection 1U

B1Q

B2Q

1U UB1

UB2

SYN1 ULN1

3U

IED

1U

1U

UB2

UB1

SYN1

SYN2

ULN1

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ABB Ltd., Bangalore - 2007

LN1Q

3U

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Synchrocheck Voltage selection IED 1

3U UB2

1U

SYN1

IED

ULN1

SYN1

B1Q

3U

1U UB1

LN1Q

IED 2

SYN1

IED 3

1U

SYN2

1U 1U

1U LN2Q

SYN1

B2Q

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ABB Ltd., Bangalore - 2007

3U

PSS-SAP/NRV 44

1U

1 U ULN2 UB2 1U

Synchrocheck – Voltage selection

REC670

SYN1

1U 3U

SYN2

SYN3

3U

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ABB Ltd., Bangalore - 2007

1U

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Summary Platform of products for all type of objects. Increased user friendliness with common PC tool box Configuration flexibility Pre-defined user-friendly packages Serial communication flexibility for easy integration in Substation Automation Systems New IEC61850-8-1 Station Bus

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ABB Ltd., Bangalore - 2007

Extensive self-supervision allows minimal scheduled maintenance. Improved tool communication speed PSS-SAP/NRV 46