440 Dci
January 19, 2023 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A
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Download 440 Dci...
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ECDZOJBUC EJ @CQOHDNÔB TNB HDUZHIN]HQ
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DCBTZIUJ JI OHBZHI EJ QJ[HQHDNÔB
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DCBTZIUJ JI OHBZHI EJ QJ[HQHDNÔB
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HQXZNUJDUZQH EJI TNTUJOH. Ih iijfheh eji Dcoocb Qhni jb ji [rjonuo jstè hdcophøheh ej ubh ocen`ndhdnôb prc`ubeh ej ih hrquntjdturh jiîdtrndh eji vjgïduic. Ih fjstnôb ej ih nbyjddnôb jstè envneneh jb ecs phrtjs, ocbthbec 1 dhmhs jijdtrôbndhs, ubh ocbtheh jb ih dhanbh iihoheh PJDZ *, ih ctrh `nmheh hi octcr iihoheh JJDZ**. Ih dcoubndhdnôb jbtrj ihs ecs dhmhs sj j`jdtuh h trhvîs ej ubh ubnôb ejbconbheh ejbconbheh aus «DHB***¼. Jstj snstjoh pjrontj ensonbunr ji býojrc ej dcbjxncbjs dhanbh/dghsns y thoanîb huojbthr ih `nhaninehe (ensonbudnôb eji býojrc ej dcbjdtcrjs). Ji aus DHB pjrontj dcoubndhr ihs dhmhs ej ics rjsthbtjs snstjohs dcopijojbthrncs (dhmh ej dhoancs, rhijbtnzhecr, `rjbhec (JAT) jb ub `uturc). *
Pîgnduij Jijdtrcbnd Dcbtrci Zbnt ** Jbfnbj Jijdtrcbnd Dcbtrci Dcbtrci ubnt *** Dcbtrõijr Hrîh Bjtwcrl
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HQXZNUJDUZQH JIJDUQÔBNDH EJI PJGÏDZIC - Ihs dhmhs jijdtrôbndhs eji octcr, dhmh ej dhoancs y vjgïduic sj dcoubndhb pcr ub «aus DHB M8>4> ¼ - Zb «aus THJ 8:76¼ js utninzhec phrh ji snstjoh hbtn-hrrhbquj y ih tcoh eji Nb`cohx. - Ucecs ics dhiduihecrjs jstèb ubnecs h ih tcoh ej Enhfbôstndc pcr ub aus «NTC LV[ 1;;;¼
ECDZOJBUC EJ @CQOHDNÔB TNB HDUZHIN]HQ
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DCBTZIUJ JI OHBZHI EJ QJ[HQHDNÔB
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TNTUJOH PJDZ+JDZ PJDZ + JJDZ
Dcbtrci Octcr
Fjstnôb vjgïduic
NB@COHW Ztninzhdnôb Pjgïduic Ohbtjbnonjbtc
JJDZ
PJGÏDZIC
OCUCQ
PJDZ @;811;>
@;8118;
ih dcoubndhdnôb anenrjddncbhi JJDZ/PJDZ pjrontj ji dhoanc ej nb`crohdnôb jbtrj ics ecs dhiduihecrjs= ?2 ghdnh ih JJDZ phrh ihs dcbsnfbhs ej nbyjddnôb (pjehi, drunsj dcbtrci, HTQ, hbtnrrcac...). ?2 ghdnh ih PJDZ phrh ihs nb`crohdncbjs eji dcbeudtcr (shipndhejrc, hijrths, ej`jdtcs).
[rnbdnpnc== [rnbdnpnc
Dhiduihecr vjgïduic Icdhinzhdnôb= h ih nzqunjreh ej ih ubnehe ej dcbjxncbjs.
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DCBTZIUJ JI OHBZHI EJ QJ[HQHDNÔB
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Zbncbjs ej ih PJ PJDZ DZ Hbhiôfndh Buoîrndh
Pnsuhinzhecr sjdubehrnc
Pnsuhinzhecrprnbdnphi
Aus DHB D.D. JDZ - Qhi. JDZ Zbnôb (pcr aus m 8:76)
Nbendhecrjs= - [rjsnôb y bnvji ej hdjntj + tjstnfc prjsnôb hdjntj - Ujop. hfuh + tjstnfc tjop. hfuh - Dujbth rjvciudncbjs - Nb`c. vjicdnehe, bnvji dcoaustnaij ghdnh ih PJ PJDZ DZ
Nb`c. iuz ej TUC[ Nb`c. rhijbtnzhecr dcbjdthec Nb`c. tcoh OPU dcbjdthe dcbjdthehh Nb`c. pubtc oujrtc Nb`c. `rjbc jsthdncbhonjbtc
Ujstnfcs= - Nbyjddnôb jijdtrôbndh - Bnvji ej hfuh - Dcbtrcijs jiîdtrndcs
Qjiî ej pctjbdnh
Nbtjrr. ohbuhi/hutcoètndc sn ocbth rhijbtnz. jb d.d. [jehi hdjijrhecr
Dcbthdtc joarhfuj
b ô n d h t b j o n i H
Aus M8:76 Ohbec Drunsj Dcbtrci Urhbspcbejecr Ohbec rhijbtnz. rhijbtnz. sn bc ocbth rhijbtnz. jb d.d.
B H D s u A Z D J J
Hbtn-hrrhbquj
[jehi ej `rjbc sn bc ocbth JAT
Ucoh enhfbôstndh
Dhpthecr= Bnvji hfuh
- [cerè nbtjfrhr ihs jvciudncbjs `uturhs. - Tj pujej dcbjdthr h ih Enhfbôstndh phrh dcbtrci y phrhojtrhmj. - Ji dhiduihecr jstè jqunphec ej ub ondrcprcdjshec ondrcprcdjshecrr ej bujvh fjbjrhdnôb. - Dcb ub crejbhecr pcrthtni sj pcerh shdhr ih nb`crohdnôb phrh ih `ubdnôb Nb`cohx.
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@ZBDNCBHINEHE PJDZ
[jehi Hdjijrhecr
Qjfuihdnôb vj vjicdnehe
Dcbsnfbh rî rîfnojb octcr
Nbtjr`hdj Thipndhejrc
Hbtnrrcac
Inonthdnôb
Ucoh ej `ujrzh Dcbsnfbh ej rîfnojb Inonthdnôb ej rîfnojb
Duherc shipndhejrc Ujopjrhturh Bnvji/[rjsnôbb hdjntj Bnvji/[rjsnô Dujbthrjvciudncbjs
Drunsj Dcbtrci Nbtjfrhi
Qhijbtï hdjijrhec
Hijrths octcr
Qjfihmj rhijbtï dcb ojocrnzhdnôb
Nb`cohx
Enhfbôstndc snstjoh
Dhiduihecr octcr Icdhinzhdnôb = ji dhiduihecr jstè `nmhec jb ji ihec nzqunjrec eji octcr. Jstè ubnec h ub nbtjrdhoanhecr tîrondc ej fhsôijc.
@;81184
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Dcbjxncbjs ej ih dhmh JJDZ Hbhiôfndh Buoîrndh @rjbc octcr
Hinojbthdnôb
Nbtjr phrheh octcr scarj ji octcr
Pjbtni. octcr
Nbyjdtcrjs
Jijdtrc-vèivuih `rjbc ej jsdhpj
Dhpthecrjs octcr Ujop. hdjntj Ujop. hfuh [rjsnôb. y tjop. hnrj heonsnôb [rjsnôb hdjntj Pjicdnehe ej octcr ijvhs Pjicdnehe èraci vcihbtj Bnvji hdjntj
@;81185
- Ji dhiduihecr sj jbdhrfh ej ih fjstnôb ej ics phrèojtrcs eji octcr. Qjfuih ih nbyjddnôb jb tcehs ihs `hsjs `hsjs ej `ubdncbhonjbtc `ubdncbhonjbtc eji eji octcr. Dcbtrcih ji vjbtnihecr, cptnonzhbec cptnonzhbec ih rjfuihdnôb ej ih tjopjrhturh tjopjrhturh eji octcr. Enrnfj thoanîb ics rh rhijbtnzhecrjs ijbtnzhecrjs eji octcr. - Ih dhmh JJDZ jstè ubneh h ih tcoh ej enhfbôstndh eji vjgïduic phrh su dcbtrci dcbtrci y phrhojtrhmj.
@ZBDNCBHINEHE JJDZ Dcbtrci Octcr
Dcbtrci ej ih prjsnôb
Dcbtrci ej hvhbdj
Dcbtrci Qhijbtnzhecr Qhijbtnzhe cr Octcr
Dcbtrci eji dhuehi
Djbtrhinzhdnôb Dhpthecrjs octcr
Ujop. hdjntj Ujop. hfuh [rjs. y tjop. hnrj ej heonsnôb [rjsnôb hdjntj Pjicdnehe èraci èraci ej ijvhs Pjicdnehe vcihbtj octc octcrr Bnvji hdjntj @;8118:
ECDZOJBUC EJ @CQOHDNÔB TNB HDUZHIN]HQ
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DCBTZIUJ JI OHBZHI EJ QJ[HQHDNÔB
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Ji [rjonuo «Dcoocb Qhni¼
@ubdncbjs eji snstjoh
OHBECT EJI OCUCQ
OHBECT EJI PJGÏDZIC
@ZBDNCBJT TZ[IJOJBUHQNHT
Qjfuihdnôb jijdtrôbndh eji dhuehi
Inonthdnôb ej ih vjicdnehe
NB@COHW
Qjfuihdnôb ej vjicdnehe nbtjfrhi
@ubdncbjs ej hvjrïhs - Enhfbôstndcs nbtjfrhecs
Qjfuihdnôb jijdtrôbndh eji hvhbdj Qjfuihdnôb jijdtrôbndh ej ih prjsnôb ej nbyjddnôb Qjfihmj eji rhijbtï [nicthmj eji vjbtnihecr Qjfuihdnôb ej `rjbcs octcr
Qjfuihdnôb eji rîfnojb octcr
dcb ji- Dcoubndhdnôb ýtni ENHFBÔTUNDH
Qjfuihdnôb ej ih tcohs ej `ujrzh Hbtnrrcac
[rctjddnôb eji octcr
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IHT IÏBJHT EJ DCOZBNDHDNÔB
DHIDZIHECQ OCUCQ JJDZ
DHB M8>4>
DHIDZIHECQ PJGÏDZIC PJDZ THJ M8:76
THI[NDHEJQC UQHBTONTNÔB HTUQCBND ]@ LV[ 1;;;
HBUNHQQHBXZJ
QHIJBUN]HECQJT NB@COHW UJIOH NBUHQEJQ ]@
Ucoh Enhfbôstndh
LV[ 1;;;
- Ihs ubncbjsejanenrjddncbhijs pjrontjb rjeudnr snfbn`ndhtnvhojbtj= Ji býojrc dhaijs, pcr ic thbtc, ej dcbjxncbjs. - Hejoès ics dhiduihecrjs, nbtjrdhoanhbec ics ehtcs pjrontjb ub pnicthmj oès jxhdtc eejj ics en`jrjbtjs snstjohs. snstjohs. - Ih hrquntjdturh jijdtrôbndh eji vjgïduic pjrontj huojbthr ihs prjsthdncbjs snopin`ndhbec ji dhaijhec.
Pjbthmhs=
Ji aus DHB M8>4> = aus ej dcoubndhdnôb pujstc h pubtc pcr Acsdg. - Ji aus DHB jstè dcopujstc ej 4 gnics, ubc ej jiics phrh `nmhr ih rj`jrjbdnh ej ; vcitncs. Ih Ihss dhmhs sntuhehs jb ics ics jxtrjocs eji aus jstèb jstèb jqunphehs dcb dcb ubh rjsnstjbd rjsnstjbdnh nh ej 81; cgoncs, cgoncs, utninzheh phrh audijhr audijhr ih rje. - Ih nopjehbdnh eji dnrduntc js ej 0; cgoncs. - Ji aus DHB pjrontj ubh trhbsonsnôb ej ehtcs h frhb vjicdnehe (1:; Lants/sjfubec).
ECDZOJBUC EJ @CQOHDNÔB TNB HDUZHIN]HQ
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Aus NTC LV[ 1;;; =
Jsth iïbjh js utninzheh phrh ji enhfbôstndc y ji phrhojtrhmj. Js ubh iïbjh ocbc-dhaij anenrjddncbhi. Ih vjicdnehe ej dcoubndhdnôb js ej 8;5;; Ants/sjfubec.
Aus THJ 8:76 =
Jsth iïbjh an-dhaij js utninzheh phrh ji snstjoh hbtnrrcac, Nb`cohx, y ji vnsuhinzhecr ohtrndnhi jb ji shipndhejrc....
Dcbtrci ej ics aus =
Ihs iïbjhs ej dcoubndhdnôb ejajb sjr dcoprcahehs dcb ih hyueh eji ouitïojtrc jb pcsndnôb cgonojtrc. Ics pubtcs h dcoprcahr scb= scb= - Ih dcbtnbunehe (ics aus scb ouy sjbsnaijs h ics ohics dcbthdtcs). - Ji hnsihonjbtc dcb rjspjdtc h ohsh (pjreneh ej nb`crohdnôb). - Ih nopjehbdnh prcpnh eji aus.
Ji ocec ej `ubdncbhonjbtc eji octcr jstè ej`nbnec pcr ih dhmh JJDZ jb `ubdnôb ej ihs nb`crohdncbjs jbvnhehs pcr ics dhpthecrjs.
Ohbec =
Ihs ejohbehs eji dcbeudtcr (pcsndnôb eji hdjijrhecr, ocec Drunsj Dcbtrci, tcoh ej `ujrzh...) scb djbtrhinzhehs jb ih dhmh PJDZ trhbsontnjbecihs h ih dhmh JJDZ pcr ojenc eji aus DHB. Ihs jijdtrcvèivuihs ej rjfuihdnôb ej prjsnôb, y ics nbyjdtcrjs scb pnicthecs phrh catjbjr ji rîfnojb ejsjhec.
ECDZOJBUC EJ @CQOHDNÔB TNB HDUZHIN]HQ
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8= 1= 4= 5= := 0= 6= 7= >= 8; = 88 =
Ejpôsntc Nb Nbtj tjrd rdho hoan anhe hecr cr ej ej tjop tjopjr jrht htur urhh Acoah ej djahec Acoa coah ej hinino ojbth jbthddnôb nôb @nitrcs Acoah ej ej hi hith pr prjsnôb Qhoph ej ej hd hduouihdnôb Nbyjdtcrjs Dhi hiddui uihhecr ecr octc ctcr JJDZ JDZ Dhidui Dhiduihec hecrr vvjgï jgïdui duicc PJDZ PJDZ Dhpthe Dhpthecr cr ej tjo tjopjr pjrhtu hturh rh y ej prjsnôb ej turac
81 = Dhpth Dhpthecr ecr ej pprjsnô rjsnôbb ej hdjntj hdjntj 84 = Dhpth Dhpthecr ecr ej tj tjopjr opjrhturh hturh ej ej hdjntj hdjntj 85 = Dhpth Dhpthecr ecr ej tj tjopjrh opjrhturh turh eji eji iïqunec iïqunec ej rj`rnfjrhdnôb. 80 = 86 = 87 = 8> = 1; = 18 =
ECDZOJBUC EJ @CQOHDNÔB TNB HDUZHIN]HQ
Dhpth Dhpthecr ecr ej ejii rîfnojb rîfnojb acoah acoah Dhpth Dhpthecr ecr eeji ji rîfnojb rîfnojb octcr octcr Dhpth Dhpthecr ecr eji rîfnojb rîfnojb vjbtnih vjbtnihecr ecr Ocy Ocyýý eji vjbtn vjbtnihe ihecr cr Ohb Ohbec ec ej hdjij hdjijrhd rhdnôb nôb Dhpth Dhpthecr ecr ej pprjsnô rjsnôbb ej ih rhoph rhoph
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Nbyjdtcrjs
Qhdcr fhsôijc nbtjrbc duihth Uuacs ej nbyjddnôb
Uuacs ej hith prjsnôb
@nitrcs fhsôijc
Acoah ej hith prjsnôb
Qhoph ej hduouihdnôb
Dhpthecrjs
J.J.D.Z. Dhiduihecr octcr
@;811:;
ECDZOJBUC EJ @CQOHDNÔB TNB HDUZHIN]HQ
Qj`rnfjrhecr dhiduihecr
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8 = Nbtjrdhoanhecr Nbtjrdhoanhecr ej tjopjrhturh tjopjrhturh y dh dhiduihecr iduihecr octcr JJDZ 1 = Acoah ej djahec djahec 4 = @nitrcs 5 = Acoah ej hith prjsnôb : = Qhoph ej hduouihdnôb hduouihdnôb 0 = Dhpthecr Dhpthecr ej tjopjrhturh tjopjrhturh y ej prjsnôb turac 6 = Dhpthecr ej prjsnôb ej hdjntj, hdjntj, Dhpthecr ej tjo tjopjrhturh pjrhturh ej hdjntj 7 = Dhpthecr ej tjopjrhturh eji iïqunec ej ej rj`rnfjrhdnôb > = Dhpthecr eji rîfnojb octcr
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E = Enjsji
D = Dcoocb Qhni
N = Nbyjddnôb 88 intrcs
@;88>:0
A 54
@;81186
A54
Qjfihmj octcr
Ïbendj ej dcbthonbhdnôb (JZQC 1) 18
ECDZOJBUC EJ @CQOHDNÔB TNB HDUZHIN]HQ
ÏbendjQHNI DCOOCB
DCBTZIUJ JI OHBZHI EJ QJ[HQHDNÔB
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DZIHUH ZBNUHQNH Ji dnrduntc ej rjtcrbc ej ics nbyjdtcrjs jstè nbtjfrhec jb ih duihth.
@;81187
Uhph ej ahihbdnbjs jb pciyjstjr
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Ih hinojbthdnôb ej hith prjsnôb ej ics nbyjdtcrjs sj j`jdtuh jb ji nbtjrncr ej ih duihth.
@;8111;
Ji jmj ej ics ahihbdnbjs js ej ubh pnjzh. Ics nbyjdtcrjs jstèb djbtrhecs.
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5 PÈIPZIHT [CQ DNINBEQC Pèivuihs ej heonsnôb= 8 oujiij pcr vèivuih Pèivuihs 1 oujiijs ej pcrjsdhpj= vèivuih 8 rjtîb pcr vèivuih Ocbthmj `rjbc M= Pèivuihs ej jsdhpj= 8 oujiij pcr vèivuih ( vncijth ) 8 rjtîb pcr vèivuih
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Ics thqujs= nbdcrpcrhb rceniics, y sj ocbthb dcb ubhs funhs `nmhehs hi aicquj. Ihs funhs tnjbjb pcsndnôb ej ocbthmj (1 rj`jrjbdnhs en`jrjbtjs).
Funhs @;81114
Ihs funhs ej ics jstrnacs scb en`jrjbtjs dcb `rjbc octcr "M".
@;81115
Dcb `rjbc "M"
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AICXZJ EJ DNINBEQCT Ojmcrh ej ih rnfnejz (bjrvncs). Qj`ujrzc eji aicquj dcb phsc ej hdjntj nbdcrpcrhec. Bujvc scpcrtj eji nbtjrdhoanhecr y `nitrcs ej hdjntj, `nmhddnôb pcr arnehs, jsthbqunehe hsjfurheh pcr mubths tôrndhs ej sjddnôb duherheh.
Qj`ujrzc eji aicquj
@;81110 @;8111:
DNFÙJØHI Huojbtc eji enèojtrc ej ics hpcycs ej ahbdheh= ej 8;1oo h 8;7oo.
@;81116
[NTUÔB [nstôb y `hieh sjphrheh. Dhajzh jb hdjrc @;81117
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[nøôb èraci ej ijvhs
ENTUQNAZDNÔB
[nøôb acoah hith prjsnôb
[nøcbjs dcb enjbtjs rjdtcs Djbtrhmj ej ih pihdh ej enstrnaudnôb hsjfurheh pcr ics jmjs ej ics pnøcbjs nbtjrojencs
[nøôb nbtjrojenc
@;8114;
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@nmhdnôb acoah ej hdjntj
Qujeh èihajs ej
[nøôb dnfùjøhi
[nøôb nbtjrojenc
DHQH EJIHBUJQH Dujrpc ej acoah jb hiuonbnc jb ubh scih pnjzh, `nmhec pcr trjs tcrbniics. Ujrocsthtc nbtjfrhec jb ji dujrpc ej ih acoah. Tnb ohbfuntcs.
N
Dhmh ej ejdhbthdnôb, rjjopihzh hi rjspnrhejrc.
ECDZOJBUC EJ @CQOHDNÔB TNB HDUZHIN]HQ
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ACOAH EJ HDJNUJ Dujrpc jb hiuonbnc. @nmhdnôb scarj ih pihdh ej enstrnaudnôb (`nmcs ej djbtrhec). Jsthbqunehe pcr mubths tôrndhs
@;81141
DNQDZNUC EJ HDJNUJ Bujvcs surtnecrjs ej rj`rnfjrhdnôb ej ics pnstcbjs. Dcb pcsndnôb ej ocbthmj, jsthbqunehe pcr mubths tôrndhs dôbndhs.
@;81144
Dnrduntc ej hdjntj ocen`ndhec = 1 rhophs ej hinojbthdnôb ej hdjntj h ih duihth
@;81145
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UJBTCQJT 4 tjbscrjs ej dcrrjhs hutcoètndcs
@;8114:
PCIHBUJ OCUCQ
@;81140
Ji vcihbtj pcsjj :7 rhburhs 1 rhburhs snb ojdhbnzhr ojdhbnzhr pjrontjb ejtjdthr ejtjdthr ji pubtc oujrtc supjrncr ej ics dninbercs dninbercs 8 y 0
@;81146
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JI DNQDZNUC EJ HI HIU UH [QJTN [QJTNÔB ÔB - Ih acoah ej hith prjsnôb= ocbtheh jb ji iufhr ej ih acoah ej nbyjddnôb dièsndh, jbtrjfh ji fhsôijc ahmc prjsnôb h ih rhoph eji hduouihecr. - Jstè dcopujsth ej ecs dninbercs, hinojbthec dheh ubc pcr ubh jijdtrcvèivuih. - ubn`crojojbtj Ih rhoph ej hduouihdnôb= iihoheh Dcoocb Qhni. Tj jbdhrfh ej rjphrtnr ji fhsôijc fhsôijc ahmc prjsnô prjsnôb b ghdnh dheh nb nbyjdtcr.. yjdtcr.. Ocbth sjns inonthecrjs ej dhuehi dhuehi (ubc pcr dninberc), dninberc), ub dhpthecr ej prjsnôb y ub inonthecr ej prjsnôb oèxnoh oèxnoh (vèivuih ej sjfurnehe). sjfurnehe). Ics nbyjdtcrjs = - [nicthecs jiîdtrndhojbtj pcr ji dhiduihecr, jbtrjfhb ji dcoaustnaij h hith prjsnôb jb ih dèohrh ej dcoaustnôb. -J Jii ocojbtc ej ohbec ejtjronbh ji hvhbdj ej ih nbyjddnôb, ji tnjopc ej pnicthmj ejtjronbh ji dhuehi. Ih tjbsnôb ej hinojbthdnôb ej ics nbyjdtcrjs hidhbzh 7; vcitncs
JI DNQDZNUC EJ AHMH [QJTNÔB Ih acoah ej hinojbthdnôb= hin ojbthdnôb= ocbtheh ocbtheh jb ih phrtj trhsjrh ej ih acoah ej hith prjsnôb, jbtrjfh ji fhsôijc h ubh prjsnôb ej 1 ahr hprcxnohehojbtj. - [rjsnôb ej sjrvndnc ej ih acoah : h 0 ahr. Ih prjsnôb ej sjrvndnc js catjbneh pcr ubh hrhbejih ej inonthdnôb ej dhuehi. Ihacoah `nitrhdnôb= `nitrhdnôb= ub ub prj`nitrc pcr jbdnoh ej ih acoah y ubcs `nitrcs pcr ejahmc ej ih ejpurhb ji dcoaustnaij. Ihs jijdtrcvèivuihs ej rjfuihdnôb= pjrontjb hmusthr ji iijbhec ej ics îoacics ej ih acoah ej hith prjsnôb, pcr ic thbtc rjfuihr ih prjsnôb. Ics dhpthecrjs= nb`crohb dhpthecrjs= nb`crohb hi dhiduihecr eji jsthec ej `ubdncbhonjbtc ej ics phrèojtrcs eji octcr . - Ics ehtcs scb utninzhecs utninzhecs pcr ih dhmh JJDZ phrh ih fjstnô fjstnôbb ej ih nbyjddnôb, y pcr ih dhmh PJDZ (vnh aus DHB) phrh ji ji vnsuhinzhecr eji ship shipndhejrc. ndhejrc.
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AHMH [QJT [QJTNÔB NÔB ^ HI HIU UH [QJT [QJTNÔB NÔB
8;
81 >
88
84 7 6 0
5
:
1 4
@;8114>
8 = 1 = 4 = 5 = : = 0 = 6 = 7 = > = 8; = 88 = 81 = 84 =
8
Ejpô Ejpôsn sntc tc ej dcoa dcoaus ustntnai aijj Qj`rnf Qj`rnfjrh jrhecr ecr eji dhidui dhiduihec hecrr Acoa Acoahh ej djah djahec ec Acoa Acoahh ej hino hinojb jbth thdn dnôb ôb @nitrcs Acoa Acoahh ej hith hith pr prjs jsnô nôbb Dcbm Dcbmub ubtc tc ecsn ecsn`n`ndh dhec ecrr Pèiv Pèivui uihh ej ahrrn ahrrnec ec Qhop Qhophh ej hino hinojb jbth thdn dnôb ôb Nby Nbyjd jdtc tcrj rjss Inon In onth thec ecrr ej pprj rjsn snôb ôb Inon In onth thec ecrr ej dh dhue uehi hi Dhpthe Dhpthecr cr ej ej prjsnô prjsnôbb ej ih ih rhoph rhoph
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AHMH [QJTNÔB ^ HIUH [QJTNÔB
@;8115;
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41 DCBTZIUJ JI OHBZHI EJ QJ[HQHDNÔB
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TC[CQUJ ^ QJ@QNFJQHECQ EJI DHIDZIHECQ
Qj`rnfjrhecr eji dhiduihecr, ji fhsôijc eji dnrduntc ej ahmh prjsnôb pjrontj jsthaninzhr ih tjopjrhturh eji dhiduihecr. Iijfheh fhsôijc
Thineh fhsôijc
@;81151 @;81158
ACOAH EJ DJAHEC ^ [QJ@NIUQC Acoah ej ohbec ohbuhi phrh ih purfh eji dnrduntc y `nitrc phrh frhbejs nopurjzhs.
Ohbec ohbuhi
Pèivuih
@;81154
@nitrc bhnicb @;81155
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ACOAH EJ HINOJBUHDNÔB
Qjtcrbc Pèivuih ej ahrrnec
Iijfheh eji dcoaustnaij
CZU Thineh
NB Jbtrheh
@;8115:
Dghvjth
Ïbendj ej pcsndncbhonjbtc dninberc [nøôb ej hddncbhonjbtc
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ACOAH EJ HINOJ HINOJBU BUHDNÔB HDNÔB - Jbtrjfh ji dcoaustnaij h ih acoah acoah ej hith prjsnôb ej : h 0 ahr jb `hsj ej `ubdncbhonjbtc `ubdncbhonjbtc y 1 ahr jb ihs `hsjs ej hrrhbquj. - èraci Js ubh ejihjbfrhbhmjs, jbfrhb hmjs, pcrssuuub pnøôb pnøôbjs sntuhec jb ji jxtrjoc ejacoah ijvhs ej acoah ej hddncbheh hith prjsnôb, onsnôb jbtrjf jbtrjfhr hr ub dhuehi supjrncr strhsjrc upjrncr eeji hiji dcbsuoc eji octcr. - Fnrh 1,7: oès rèpneh rèpneh quj ih aacoah coah ej hith prjsnôb. prjsnôb.
PHIPZIH EJ TCAQJ[QJTNÔB = 81 Ahrs
JBUQHEH
THINEH
@;81150
Hrhbejih dhinarheh
Dcbeuddnôb ej djahec
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@NIUQCT
- Ecs `nitrcs ej 4 h : ondrcbjs, `nitrh ihs pjqujøhs nopurjzhs prjtjfnjbec ics ôrfhbcs ej hith prjsnôb, acoah y jb phrtnduihr ih phrtj ej ohbec ej ics nbyjdtcrjs. - Jb cpdnôb = aumïhs ej prjdhijbthonjbtc
QJT[JDUHQ IH DHINEHE EJ ICT @NI @NIUQCT UQCT
Ujsocsthtc Ucrbniic ej purfh
(Ocbthr snjoprj `nitrcs crnfnbhijs)
Jijojbtc ej prjdhijbthonjbtc
PÈIPZIH EJ AHQQNEC - Inonth ih prjsnôb jb ih dhmh ecsn`ndhecrh ej ih acoah ej hith prjsnôb= 8,7 h 1,7 ahr. - [jrontj ji rjtcrbc ej fhsôijc ghdnh ji ejpôsntc. Pèivuih ej pnstôb Qjtcrbc
Ghdnh jijojbtcs ej ih acoah
Iijfheh ejspuîs eji `nitrc
@;8115>
@;81157
Ghdnh jijdtrcvèivuih
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1;
1
4 @;811:8
8= 1= 4= 5= := 0= 6= 7= >= 8; = 88 =
Ac Acoa oahh ej hith hith pr prjs jsnô nôbb Hinoj Hinojbthdn bthdnôb ôb prcdjejbtj prcdjejbtj eji rj`rnfjrhec rj`rnfjrhecrr (NB) (NB) Thi Thineh neh ghdnh ghdnh ics `nit `nitrcs rcs (CZ (CZU) U) Dc Dcbm bmub ubtc tc ecsn ecsn`n`ndh dhec ecrr Pè Pèiv ivui uihh ej ahrr ahrrjr jrhh Hin Hinojb ojbthd thdnôb nôb prcdje prcdjejbt jbtjj ej ej ics ics `nitrcs `nitrcs Qjtcrbc Jij Jijdtr dtrcvè cvèivu ivuihs ihs ej ecshec ecshec Th Thine inehh hith hith pr prjs jsnô nôbb Dhpthecr Dhpthecr ej ej tjo tjopjrh pjrhturh turh ffhsôij hsôijcc (prjsjrn (prjsjrnj) j) Dhpthe Dhpthecr cr ej ej rîfno rîfnojb jb acoah acoah
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Ji èraci ej ijvhs ej ih acoah ej hith prjsnôb js hddncbhec dcoc ubh acoah ej nbyjddnôb ojdèbndh, jstè dcopujsth ej 1 ijvhs ej 4 iôauics dheh ubh. Ji pnøôb ej hddncbhonjbtc ej ih enstrnaudnôb tnjbj ohrdhs phrh j`jdtuhr ji dhihec ej ih acoah ej hith prjsnôb. Ji èraci ej ijvhs ej ih acoah ocbth ubh dghvjth phrh ji pnøôb ej hddncbhonjbtc, hsï dcoc, ji pnøôb ej hddncbhonjbtc ej ih acoah ej hinojbthdnôb, pcr tjbjr ïbendjs ej pcsndncbhonjbtc ej ics dninbercs=
Dcbmubtc ecsn`ndhecr Iijfheh ej hdjntj Qjtcrbc ej hdjntj
@;811:1
Dghvjth Ïbendj ej pcsndncbhonjbtc dninberc
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Acoah ej hinojbthdnôb
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Jb ih phrtj supjrncr ih acoah, ocbth ubh vèivuih ej 4 vïhs jb dheh shineh, su onsnôb js hinojbthr ej fhsôijc ics pnstcbjs jb ih pcsndnôb ej pubtc oujrtc nb`jrncr, y ej su shineh ghdnh ih rhoph ej hduouihdnôb (Dcoocb Qhni) duhbec ji pnstôb suaj huojbthbec ih prjsnôb.
Thineh hith prjsnôb Iijfheh fhsôijc
@;811:5
Dhonsh Pèivuih ej 4 vnhs
Îoacic
Qceniic jopumhecr
Qjtcrbc `ufhs
Èraci ej ijvhs
@;811:4
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Pèivuih ej ahrrnec Qjtcrbc fhsôijc
Iijfheh fhsôijc
@;811::
Pèivuih ej ahrrnec Qjtcrbc fhsôijc
Ijfheh fhsôijc [nstôb ecsn`ndhecr
Dgndiî
Jijdtrcvèivuih ecshec @;811:0
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@HTJ EJ HINOJBU HINOJBUHDNÔB= HDNÔB= Ecshec oèxnoc Ji pnstôb ej ih acoah ej hith prjsnôb jstè jb ji pubtc oujrtc nb`jrncr, ih jijdtrcvèivuih bc jstè hinojbtheh, ih prjsnôb eji dcoaustnaij jopumh hi pnstôb ej ih vèivuih ej 4 vnhs y pjrontj ji iijbhec bjdjshrnc jb ji nbtjrncr ej ih dèohrh ej hith prjsnôb.
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@HTJ EJ HINOJBU HINOJBUHDNÔB= HDNÔB= Ecshec phrdnhi Ji pnstôb ej ih acoah ej hith prjsnôb jstè jb ji pubtc oujrtc nb`jrncr, ih jijdtrcvèivuih js hinojbtheh arjvjojbtj, inonthbec ih dhbtnehe ej dcoaustnaij bjdjshrnh jb ji nbtjrncr ej ih dèohrh ej hith prjsnôb.
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NB^JDDNÔB EJ HIUH [QJTNÔB Ji pnstôb js jopumhec pcr ih ijvh, ih jijdtrcvèivuih jstè hinojbtheh. Ih vèivuih ej 4 vnhs hnsih ih dcoubndhdnôb ej ahmh prjsnôb y harj ih shineh ej hith prjsnôb. Ih prjsnôb js jbvnheh ghdnh ih rhoph eji hduouihecr (Dcoocb rhni).
-
--
@;81:40
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- Ih rhoph ej hduouihdnôb pjrontj ohbtjbj ohbtjbjrr ubh hinojbthdnôb h hith prjsnôb jb ics nbyjdtcrjs, 4 su dhphdnehe js ej 4: do . - Ji inonthecr ej prjsnôb prjsnôb hsjfurh ub ubhh prjsnôb oèxnoh ej 80:; ah ahrr + :;. - Zb inonthecr ej dhuehi pjrontj hnsihr dheh ubh ubh ej ihs shinehs jb dhs dhscc ej `ufh nopcrthbtj c ub ej`jdtc jb ub nbyjdtcr (frnphmj hanjrtc). - Ji dhpthecr ej prjsnôb nb`croh nb`croh hi dhiduihecr dhiduihecr JJDZ ej ih prjsnôb rjhi prjsjbtj prjsjbtj jb ih rhoph eji hduouihecr.
Inonthecrjs ej dhuehi
@;8110;
Dhpthecr ej prjsnôb
Inonthecr ej prjsnôb
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[hr ej hprnjtj oèxnoc = 8,6: Bo. - Ih jijdtrcvèivuih eji nbyjdtcr jstè dcopujsth ej ubh acanbh ejej;,44 cgoncs ej nopjehbdnh. Ih dcrrnjbtj iihoheh js ej ubh nbtjbsnehe nbtjbsnehe ej 87 hopjrncs y 81 H phrh su ohbtjbnojnbtc. - Ih tjbsnôb ej iihoheh js ej 7; vcitncs y 15 Pcitncs jb ohbtjbnonjbtc. - Qjsnstjbdnh= ;,44 V
- Ji ghz ej ohbec ej ics nbyjdtcrjs n byjdtcrjs htrhvnjsh ih duihth h trhvîs ej ub phsh ourcs sntuhec jb ih phrtj ejihbtjrh eji octcr.
@;81108
@;81101
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Acanbh ej ohbec Jijdtrcvèivuih
Pèivuih (býdijc ej ohbec)
Dhbhi ej rjtcrbc
Dhbhi ej ohbec
Qjtcrbc fhsôijc
Phrniih ej ohbec
Iijfheh hith prjsnôb
Dhbhi ej hinojbthdnôb ej ih hfumh
Dcbc ej ijvhbthonjbtc @;81108
Hfumh
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[CTNDNÔB DJQQHEH Ics oujiijs dnjrrhb ih vèivuih
Ih hith prjsnôb hdtuh scarj ih vhrniih ej ohbec
Dhbhi ej ohbec
Iijfheh hith prjsnôb jb jspjrh
Ih vhrniih ej ohbec dnjrrh ih hfumh @;81104
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[CTNDNÔB NB^JDDNÔB
Ohbec ej ih jijdtrcvèivuih Hpjrturh ej ih vèivuih
Dhïeh ej ih prjsnôb jb ih phrtj supjrncr ej ih vhrniih ej ohbec
Qjtcrbc fhsôijc
Iijfheh hith prjsnôb jb jspjrh
Ih hith prjsnôb hdtuh scarj ji dcbc ej ih hfumh prceudnjbec su ijvhbthonjbtc
Nbyjddnôb @;81105
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OHBEC EJI NB^JDUCQ (prj-nbyjddnôb) Ji nbyjdtcr js dcohbehec jb ub prnojr tnjopc, dcb ji `nb `n b ej j`jdtuhr ubh prj-nbyjddnôb hbtjs ej j`jdtuhr ih nbyjddnôb oèxnoh. Ji ocojbtc ej ih nbyjddnôb ejtjronbh ji hvhbdj y ih eurhdnôb ej ih nbyjddnôb ejtjronbh ji dhuehi h nbyjdthr , pcr ic thbtc ih pctjbdnh eji octcr.
Nbtjbsnehe jb Hopjrncs
Dcrrnjbtj
Dcrrnjbtj ej
ej iihoheh K 87 H
ohbtjbnonjbtc K 81 H
Unjopc jb o/s
[rjsnôb jb ahr
Unjopc jb o/s
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J@JDUC EJ IH [QJ-NB^JDDNÔ [QJ-NB^JDDNÔB B - Ih prj-nbyjddnôb pjrontj ensonbunr ji runec. - Ih prj-nbyjddnôb hdtuh ejsej ejsej rhij rhijbtï btï ghsth hprcxnohehojbtj 88;; r.p.o.... jb `ubdnôb ej ih dhrfh.
8 ? Dhuehi ej [QJ-NB^JDDNÔB
1 ? Dhuehi ej NB^JDDNÔB [QNBDN[HI
8h ? DZQPH EJ [QJTNÔB EJ DCOAZTUNÔB DCB [QJ-NB^JDDNÔB 1h ? DZQPH EJ [QJTNÔB EJ DCOAZTUNÔB TNB [QJ-NB^JDDNÔB
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:1 DCBTZIUJ JI OHBZHI EJ QJ[HQHDNÔB
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DCBTZIUJ JI OHBZHI EJ QJ[HQHDNÔB
1;
:5
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DCBTZIUJ JI OHBZHI EJ QJ[HQHDNÔB
1;
Ej`jdtc ohycr nbyjddnôb
Ej`jdtc ojbcr nbyjddnôb
EJTFHTUJ [HTUNIIHT
H O H Q N II C
TZT[ ZT[JBTNÔB BJZOÈ ZOÈUNDH
HOHQ HOHQNNIIC IIC
HAT UQHDUCQ
H O H Q N II C
HBUNBUN-QC QCAC AC JIJ IJDU DUQÔ QÔBN BNDC DC
HOHQ HOHQNI NIIC IC
HAT UQHDUCQ
QCM C
JBFQ BFQHTJ DJ DJB BUQHIN]HEC
HO HOHQ HQNNIIC IIC
AICXZJC EN@. NBUJQ-QZJEHT
H O H Q N II C
UCO UC OH EJ EJ @Z @ZJQ JQ] ]H. JB D.D D.D..
HOHQ HOHQNI NIIC IC
EJ@JDUCT TZT[JBTNÔB
QCM C
HNQ AHF
H O H Q NI I C
JOAQHFZJ HZUCOÈUNDC
H O H Q N II C
DCIOHEC @NIUQC HNQJ
H O H Q NI I C
HAT QJOCIXZJ
H O H Q N II C
EJ@JDUC NB^JDDNÔB
H O H Q NI I C
AICXZJC EN EN@. NB NBUJQ-[ZJBUJT
H O H Q N II C
BNPJ BNPJII IÏX IÏXZN ZNEC EC QJ@Q QJ@QNF NFJQ JQ..
HOHQ HOHQNI NIIC IC
EJ@JDUC NB^JDDNÔB
QCM C
[QC^ QC^JDUCQ EJ EJ U UQ QHAHMC
HOHQ HOHQNNIIC IIC
HTQ
H O H Q N II C
HBUN-BNJAIH UQHTJQC
PJQEJ
HOHQNIIC
[QJDHIJBUHECQ
H O H Q NI I C
AICXZJC
JMJ HZUC-ENQJDDNCBHI
::
0;;
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DCBTZIUJ JI OHBZHI EJ QJ[HQHDNÔB
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:0
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DCBTZIUJ JI OHBZHI EJ QJ[HQHDNÔB
1;
- Ecs jijdtrcvèivuihs jstèb `nmhehs jb ji dcbmubtc ecsn`ndhecr jb ih phrtj trhsjrh ej ih acoah ej hith prjsnôb. - Hinojbthb dheh ubc ej ics joacics y rjfuihb ih dhbtnehe ej dcoaustnaij quj jbvnh ih acoah h ih rhoph ej hinojbthdnôb. hinojbthdnôb. Ji ohbec ej (Dcoocb ihs jijdtrcvèivuihs - hinojbthdnôb Qhni). ej ih acoah ejpjbej ej ih prjsnôb jb ih rhoph ej
OHBEC = - Ihs jijdtrcvèivuihs ej ih acoah scb pnicthehs pcr ih dhmh JJDZ, dcb ubh `rjdujbdnh y rjihdnôb dïdindh vhrnhaij. - Ih `rjdujbdnh ej pnicthmj jstè jstè rjihdncbheh dcb ih vjicdnehe vjicdnehe eji octcr, 1: Gz h 8;;; r.p.o..
EJ@JDUC OH^CQ= Nbdnejbtj = - Qjeudj ih pctjbdnh hi :;% . - Qjfuihdnôb eji dhuehi hsjfurhec pcr ih jjijdtrcvèivuih ijdtrcvèivuih bc ej`jdtucsh. - [rjsnôb [rjsnôb ej nbyjddnôb jijvheh (jijdtrcvèivuih ej`jdtucsh aicqujheh jb pcsndnôb pcsndnôb djrrheh).
DCBUQCI= - Dcb ji cgonojtrc jbtrj ics 1 acrbjs Q? 8: cgos h 1;»D.
@;815>5
:6
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DCBTZIUJ JI OHBZHI EJ QJ[HQHDNÔB
1;
Ucecs ics dhpthecrjs eji octcr y ji dhpthecr ej bnvji ej hfuh jstèb dcbjdthecs h ih dhmh JJDZ. Ics ehtcs scb dcbtrcihecs dcbtrcihecs enrjdthojbtj pcr ih dhmh JJDZ y enrnfnecs ghdnh ih dh dhmh mh PJDZ. Ih dhmh PJDZ dhmh PJD jbv jbvnh nh ihs nb`crohdncbjs hi dcb dcbeudtcr eudtcr ghdnh ics vnsuhinzhecrjs vnsuhinzhecrjs y hiohdjbh jb Z ojocrnh ics ehtcs quj utinzhejstnbhehs ji snstjoh Nb`cohx. Zb scic dhpthecr pujej sjr utninzhec phrh vhrnhs `ubdncbjs. Ji dhpthecr ej tjopjrhturh ej hfuh, pcr jmjopic, js utninzhec phrh ih fjstnôb octcr, hvhbdj,dhuehi, phrh ji dcbtrci eji shipndhejrc y tjstnfc ej hijrth. Jsths `ubdncbjs sj ejbconbhb «`ubdncbjs dcophrtnehs¼. Ji prjsjbtj dhpntuic trhth ej ih `ubdnôb ej dheh ubc ej ics dhpthecrjs ejbtrc ej ih dcb`nfurhdnôb hdtuhi eji vjgïduic.
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ECDZOJBUC EJ @CQOHDNÔB TNB HDUZHIN]HQ
DCBTZIUJ JI OHBZHI EJ QJ[HQHDNÔB
1;
DH[UHECQ EJ U UJO[J JO[JQH QHUZQH UZQH EJ HFZ HFZH H= Unpc= tjronsthbdnh DUB - Jstè dcbjdtheh h ih dhmh JJDZ @ubdnôb= - Pnsuhinzhecr ej tjopjrhturh jb ji shipndhejrc - Hijrth tjopjrhturh(tjstnfc) - Hehpthr ji dhuehi jb ji dhsc eji hrrhbqu hrrhbqujj eji octcr - Hehpthr ji hvhbdj
Ej`jdtc ojbcr= Nbdnejbtjs= - Qjeudj ih pctjbdnh ji :% (prjsnôb (prjsnôb ej nbyjddnôb inontheh inontheh h 84;; 84;; ahr). - Phicr pcr ej`jdtc = tjopjrhturh eji iïqunec ej rj`rnfjrhdnôb rj`rnfjrhdnôb ? tjopjrhturh hdjntj octcr. @;8116;
Dcbtrci eji dhpthecr dcb cgoïojtrc=
U» D
Q oïbn.
Q oèxn. (Lcgos)
1;
1,1
1,7
7;
;,1
;,4
DH[UHECQ EJ [QJTNÔB EJ NB^JDDNÔB
Unpc= [njzc-jiîdtrndc Unpc= [njzc-jiîdtrndc - Jstè dcbjdthec h ih dhmh JJDZ @;81168
@ubdnôb= - Dc Dcbtrci btrci ej ej ih prjsnôb jb ji dcoocb dcoocb rhni phrh tcehs ihs `hsjs ej `u `ubdncbhonjbtc bdncbhonjbtc eji octcr. octcr. Ej`jdtc ohycr= Nbdnejbtjs= - Qjeudj ih pctjbdnh hi :;% .
- Phicr ej prjsnôb eji Dcoocb Qhni dcbtrciheh pcr ics phrèojtrcs pcr ej`jdtc.
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DCBTZIUJ JI OHBZHI EJ QJ[HQHDNÔB
ECDZOJBUC EJ @CQOHDNÔB TNB HDUZHIN]HQ
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DH[UHECQ DH[U HECQ EJ [QJTNÔB ^ EJ UJO[JQH UJO[JQHUZQH UZQH EJ HNQJ= [njzc rjsnstnvc y tjronsthbdnh DUB Unpc= [njzc Unpc=
Jstè dcbjdthec y hinojbthec pcr ih dhmh JJDZ (;P-:P) @ubdnôb= - Hehpthr ji dhuehi y ji hvhbdj jb `ubdnôb ej ih dhrfh eji octcr y ej ih tjopjrhturh eji hnrj. @;81161
Dhpthecr ej tjopjrhturh ej hnrj Ej`jdtc ojbcr Nbdnejbtj= - Qjeudj ih pctjbdnh ub :% (prjsnôb ej nbyjddnôb inontheh h 84;; ahr). - Phicr pcr ej`jdtc= tjopjrhturh ej hnrj ej scarjhinojbthdnôb ? 5;»D.
Dhpthecr ej prjsnôb ej scarjhinojbthdnôb Ej`jdtc ojbcr Nbdnejbtj= - Qjeudj ih pctjbdnh ub :% (prjsnôb ej nbyjddnôb inontheh h 84;; ahr). - Phicr pcr ej`jdtc= tjopjrhturh ej hnrj ej scarjhinojbthdnôb ? 5;»D. Dcbtrci= - Dc Dcbb ji cgon cgonoj ojtr trcc jbtr jbtrjj ic icss acrb acrbjs js h 1;» 1;»
8y1
8 ? Ohsh 1 ? Tjøhi tjopjrhturh 45 ?? Tjøhi : Pcitncs
rj rjsn snst stjb jbdn dnhh ej 1,1 1,1 h 1,7 1,7 Lc Lcgo go
- Hi phrhr , jbtrj ics acrbjs 8 y 5 hprcx. 8 vcitnc
DH[UHECQ EJI QÎFNOJB OCUCQ ^ ACOAH = dhpthecr nbeudtnvc. Unpc= dhpthecr Unpc= Jstèb dcbjdthecs dcb ih dhmh JJDZ. @ubdnôb= - Pnsuhinzhr ih vjicdnehe octcr(dujbth vujiths). - Nb`croh ej ih sjøhi ej vjicdnehe h ih dhmh JJDZ. @;81164 - Nb`croh ej ih pcsndnôb eji octcr. - [jrontj ih fjstnôb eji hvhbdj. Ji octcr pujej `ubdncbhr dcb ub dhpthecr ej`jdtucsc, tcohbec ih nb`crohdnôb eji ctrc. Ej`jdtc ojbcr= Nbdnejbtjs= - Qjeudj ih pctjbdnh ub 1;% (prjsnôb ej nbyjddnôb inontheh h 8;;; ahr) - Uhreh jb hrrhbdhr ji octcr (ijdturh vjicdnehe octcr pcr ji dhpthecr ej vjicdnehe ej ih acoah ej hith prjsnôb). Dcbtrci= Dcb ji ouitïojtrc jbtrj ics acrbjs Q? 66; --2 >:; h 1;»D
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ECDZOJBUC EJ @CQOHDNÔB TNB HDUZHIN]HQ
DCBTZIUJ JI OHBZHI EJ QJ[HQHDNÔB
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DH[UHECQJT DH[U HECQJT EJ QÎ QÎFNOJB FNOJB O OCU CUCQ CQ ^ AC ACOAH OAH
Dhpthecr rîfnojb octcr
Dhpthecr rîfnojb acoah
[OT 8 Hraci ej ijvhs
6 enjbtjs
Pcihbtj octcr :7 enjbtjs
87;»
[OT 8
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ECDZOJBUC EJ @CQOHDNÔB TNB HDUZHIN]HQ
DCBTZIUJ JI OHBZHI EJ QJ[HQHDNÔB
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JI DH[U DH[UHECQ HECQ EJ [QJTNÔB EJ HDJNUJ=
- Js ub dhpthecr pnjzc rjsnstnvc r jsnstnvc hinojbthec pcr ih dhmh JJDZ ej ;P- :P. - Ih nb`crohdnôb ej prjsnôb js trhbsontneh hi vnsuhinzhecr vnsuhinzhecr eji shipndhejrc pcr ih dhmh PJDZ.Ohbeh PJDZ.Ohbeh ih sjøhi nfuhiojbtj nfuhiojbtj hi tjstnfc ej hijrth prjsnôb oïbnoh. oïbnoh.
@;8116:
Ej`jdtc ohycr= Nbdnejbtjs= - Qjeudj Qjeudj ih pctjbdnh ub 1; 1;% % (prjsnôb (prjsnôb ej nbyjddnôb inontheh h 8;;; ahr). - Phicr pcr ej`jdtc = pprjsnôb rjsnôb ej hdjntj ? 0 ahr.
JI DH[U DH[UHECQ HECQ EJ UJO[JQH UJO[JQHUZQH UZQH EJ HDJNUJ= - Js ubh tjronsthbdnh DUB. - Jstè dcbjdtheh h ih dhmh JJDZ jbtrjfh ih nb`crohdnôb ej tjopjrhturh tjopjrhturh eji octcr, jb dhsc ej ej`jdtc eji dhpthecr ej tjopjrhturh ej hfuh. - Nb`croh hi Nb`cohx phrh ih fjstnôb eji ohbtjbnonjbtc. - Js ji onsoc dhpthecrquj ji ej tjopjrhturh iïqunec ej rj`rnfjrhdnôb. Ej`jdtc ojbcr= Nbdnejbtjs= - Qjeudj ih pctjbdnh ub :% (prjsnôb ej nbyjddnôb inonth inontheh eh h 84;; ahr). - Phicr pcr ej`jdtc= tjopjrhturh ej hdjntj octcr oct cr ? >;» >;»D. D. Dcbtrci dcb cgoïojtrc= U» D
Q o ïb n.
Q o è x n. n. (Lcgos)
1;
1 ,1
1 ,7
7;
; ,1
; ,4
@;8116;
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ECDZOJBUC EJ @CQOHDNÔB TNB HDUZHIN]HQ
DCBTZIUJ JI OHBZHI EJ QJ[HQHDNÔB
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TCBEH EJ BNPJI EJ HDJNUJ= - Jstè `nmhec hi dhrtjr ej hdjntj, ji dcbjdtcr ghdnh hahmc. - Js ubh scbeh ej gnic dhinjbtj. Ji dhiduihecr jbvnh ubh dcrrnjbtj ej 1;; oH oH eurhbtj eurhbtj 8,6: sjfubecs dheh 8: sjfubecs. - Ih rjsnstjbdnh eji gnic vhrïh sjfýb ih icbfntue suojrfneh jb ji hdjntj. - Ji dhiduihecr onej ih tjbsnôb jb ics tjronbhijs ej ih scbeh ejeudnjbec ji bnvji ej hdjntj. Ej`jdtc ojbcr= Nbdnejbtjs= - Qjeudj ih pctjbdnh ub :% (prjsnôb ej nbyjddnôb inontheh h 84 84;; ;; ahr). - Phicr pcr ej`jdtc= ej`jdtc= dnrduntc dnrduntc ej hdjntj octcr vh vhdnc. dnc. - Dcbtrci dcb cgonojtrc= 88,5 cgoncs h cgoncs h 1;½ D.
@;81160
TCBEH EJ BNPJI EJ HFZ HFZH= H= - Jstè `nmheh jb ji vhsc ej jxphbsnôb, dcbjdtheh jb ih phrtj ahmh. - Zbh dcrrnjbtj hitjrbhtnvh fjbjrheh pcr ih dhmh JJDZ, dnrduih jbtrj ics ecs jijdtrcecs. Ji dhiduihecr dhiduihecr onej ih dcrrnjbtj jb ji dnrduntc hinojbthec h dcrrnjbtj dcbsthbtj. dcbsthbtj. - Ih nopjehbdnh eji dnrduntc jstè infheh hi bnvji ej hfuh (vhrnhdnôb ej ih dhphdnehe dhphdnehe ojeneh h trhvjs ej ics tjronbhijs ej ih scbeh). - Duhbec ics jijdtrcecs bc jstèb suojrfnec suojrfnecss (nopjehbdnh oèxnoh pcr ic thbtc dcrrnjbtj dcrrnjbtj oïbnoh), ji dhiduih dhiduihecr ecr trhbsontj ih nb`crohd nb`crohdnôb nôb h ih dhmh PJDZ phrh phrh ih sjøhi eji tjstnfc ej ej bnvji ej hfuh y ej sjrvndnc.
@;81166
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DCBTZIUJ JI OHBZHI EJ QJ[HQHDNÔB
ECDZOJBUC EJ @CQOHDNÔB TNB HDUZHIN]HQ
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DH[UHECQ DH[U HECQ EJ [CTNDNÔB EJI [JEHI
@ubdnôb= Nb`crohr hi dhiduihecr eji vhicr ej hdjijrhdnôb ejohbehec pcr ji dcbeudtcr. @ubdnôb= Nb`crohr Unpc= Js Unpc= Js ub pctjbdnôojtrc y ub nbtjrruptcr (bcrohiojbtj djrrhec). [rnbdnpnc= Ih [rnbdnpnc= Ih tjbsnôb ej shineh jstè jb `ubdnôb ej ih pcsndnôb eji pjehi.
[ctjbdnôojtrc [ihdh ej rjfihmj
[cr ej`jdtc= Ji ej`jdtc= Ji rîfnojb oïbnoc sj `nmh h >;; r.p.o.. Qjsnstjbdnh= 8 y 0 ? Qjsnstjbdnh= 0 ? 14;; V --- 8 y 4 ? 4 ? 5;; h 87;; V
ACQBJT DCBJDUCQ QCMC QCMC HOHQNIIC HOHQNIIC PJQEJ PNCIJUH BJFQC
HINOJBUHDNÔB DCBUHDUC B.D. : Pcitncs [jehi hrrnah
@;815>6
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DCBTZIUJ JI OHBZHI EJ QJ[HQHDNÔB
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Joarhfuj eji vjbtnihecr pnicthec - Ji joarhfuj eji vjbtnihecr eji octcr, js ub dcbmubtc quj dcoprjbej ub dhpthecr ej vjicdnehe ej rcthdnôb, rcthdnôb, ubh jijdtrcvèivuih ej pnicthmj y eejj ub vnsdchdcpihec vnsdchdcpihecr. r. - Ji dhiduihecr pnicth ji vhicr ej ejsinzhonjbtc eji vnsdchdcpihecr pcr ojenc ej ih jijdtrcvèivuih `ubdnôb ej ocec ihs bjdjsnehejs octcr. jb (tjopjrhturh, ejfrhehec,eji `ubdncbhonjbtc `ubd ncbhonjbtc eji hnrj hdcbend hdcbendncbhec). ncbhec).
Ej`jdtc ojbcr Nbdnejbtjs= - Qjeudj ih pctjbdnh jb ub :% (prjsnôb ej nbyjddnôb inontheh h 84;; ahr). - Pjbtnihecr hddncbhec h vjicdnehe oèxnoh. Ejthiij eji dcbjdtcr = Bc dcbjdthec
Bjfrc - J.P. - 8;8; Bjfrc -
Qcmc-- J.P. - 1>1 Qcmc
Pjrej Pjrej - (+) DH[UHECQ - 7;50 - DH[UHECQ - 7;55 Qcsh Qcsh TJØHI- 7;5:
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DCBTZIUJ JI OHBZHI EJ QJ[HQHDNÔB
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ECDZOJBUC EJ @CQOHDNÔB TNB HDUZHIN]HQ
DCBTZIUJ JI OHBZHI EJ QJ[HQHDNÔB
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TJFZQNEHE
JTUÈ [QCGNANEC NBUJQPJBNQ JB JI DNQDZNUC DNQDZNU C EJ DCOAZTUNAIJ ^ JB JI DNQDZNUC JIÎDUQNDC EJ ICT NB^JDUCQJT DCB JI OCUCQ FNQHBEC
QNJTFC EJ GJQNEHT FQHPJT
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ECDZOJBUC EJ @CQOHDNÔB TNB HDUZHIN]HQ
DCBTZIUJ JI OHBZHI EJ QJ[HQHDNÔB
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Ji snstjoh "DCOOCB "DCOOCB QHNI" js ub snstjoh ej nb nbyjddnôb yjddnôb ej hiths prjsthdn prjsthdncbjs cbjs Jstj snstjoh js oès sjbsnaij h ih sudnjehe quj ics snstjohs ej acoahs dièsndhs, ics rnjsfcs ej ejtjrncrc scb ohycrjs. [cr ic thbtc, ji rjspjtc eji ocbthmj ej pnjzhs ej crnfjb fhrhbtnzhehs pcr ji dcbstrudtcr, ej ihs dcbsnfbhs dcbsnfbhs ej utninzhdnôb, hsï dcoc, dcoc, eji ohbtjbnonjbtc y rjphrhdncbjs rjphrhdncbjs eji snstjoh, scb nopcrthtïsnocs phrh ub aujb rjbenonjbtc.
Nbtjrvjbdncbjs scarj ji snstjoh "DCOOCB QHNI" Ji snstjoh `ubdncbh dcb prjsncbjs ej nbyjddnôb ouy jijvhehs(ghsth 84:; ahr) y ubh dcrrnjbtj ej ojenhbh tjbsnôb(pnicthmj ej ics nbyjdtcrjs pcr ejsdhrfh ej dcbejbshecrj dcbejbshecrjs). s). Hbtjs ej ejsocbthr ejsocbthr duhiqunjr dcopcbjbtj, dcopcbjbtj, inopnhr dcb dcb suoc dunehec ji dcopcbjbtj y sus hirjejecrjs phrh jvnthr quj sj nbtrceuzdhb duhiqunjr tnpc ej phrtnduihs(utninzhr ub iïqunec hprcpnhec y h dcbtnbuhdnôb scpihr dcb hnrj dcoprnonec). Dcb ih hyueh ej ih ohijth ej ENHFBÔTUNDC hsjfurjsj quj bc bc jxnsth prjsnôb jb ji dnrduntc. dnrduntc. Jb `ubdncbhonjbtc bcrohi, ih prjsnôb dhj rèpnehojbtj jb ji dnrduntc ej hith prjsnôb, ejspuîs ej phrhr ji octcrih (: sjfubecs). Jb dnjrtcs dhscs ej ens`ubdncbhinehe(vhrncs ej dhuehi aicqujhecs) hith prjsnôb pujej pjrohbhdjr ghsth 81 gcrhs jb ih rhophinonthecrjs eji hduouihecr. Uceh nbtjrvjbdnôb scarj ji snstjoh ej nbyjddnôb ejaj j`jdtuhrsj dcb ji octcr phrhec (dcbtrci= nbyjdtcrjs, tjbsnôb, rjsnstjbdnh, hprnjtjs, jtd.).
Ejsocbthmj Ih rjphrhdnôb sj ejaj j`jdtuhr jb ub icdhi inopnc , jxjbtc ej sudnjehe y dcb ics ýtnijs hprcpnhecs. Ji usc ej fuhbtjs ej ohtjrnhi `narcsc jstè prcgnanec Ji ejphrthojbtc ej pnjzhs ej rjdhoanc dcojrdnhinzh thpcbjs hprcpnhecs ej usc jxdiusnvc. Caturhr ics crn`ndncs dcb jstcs thpcbjs, jvnthr ji usc ej hnrj dcoprnonec. Ics dcopcbjbtjs inopncs, ejajb sjr prctjfnecs phrh jvnthr tcec tnpc ej dcrrcsnôb jb ji dnrduntc. Qjjopihzhr snstjohtndhojbtj ji dcbmubtc nbyjdtcr. Bc jxpcbjrsj hi dgcrrc ej puivjrnzhdnôb ej ics nbyjdtcrjs c h ubh `ufh jb ji dnrduntc ej hith prjsnôb eji snstjoh. Qjspjth ji crejb drcbciôfndc ej ejsocbthmj / ocbthmj nbendhec jb ji ohbuhi ej rjphrhdnôb. Ji ocbthmj sj ejaj j`jdtuhr snb bnbfubh ocen`ndhdnôb, (tcrsn (tcrsnôb, ôb, scieheurh, ej`crohdnôb, dcbjxncbjs, `nmhdnôb, jbdhonbhonjbtcs, jbdhonbhonjbtcs, jtd.). Qjjopihzhr Qjjopihzhr ih pnjzh sn sn js bjdjshrnc, rjspjthr rjspjthr ics phrjs ej ej hprnjtj. Ih purfh eji dnrduntc ejaj j`jdtuhrsj snb ih hyueh eji hrrhbquj. Ucehs jsths QHNI". rjdcojbehdncbjs pujejb fhrhbtnzhr ubh dhinehe y `nhaninehe eji snstjoh "DCOOCB
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DCBTZIUJ JI OHBZHI EJ QJ[HQHDNÔB
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[ZQFH EJI DNQDZNUC EJ DCOAZTUNAIJ Harnr ji tcrbniic ej purfh (8) y hddncbhr ih acoah acoah ohbuhi (1) ghs ghsth th quj ji dhraurhb dhraurhbtj tj shifh snb auraumhs ej hnrj. Hddncbhr ji octcr ej hrrhbquj ghsth quj hrrhbquj ji octcr.
NO[CQUHBUJ Jstè prcgnanec purfhr ics dnrduntcs jxdiusnvhojbtj dcb ji octcr ej hrrhbquj.
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ECDZOJBUC EJ @CQOHDNÔB TNB HDUZHIN]HQ
DCBTZIUJ JI OHBZHI EJ QJ[HQHDNÔB
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GH] EJ ICT UZACT EJ HINOJBU HINOJBUHDNÔB HDNÔB EJI ENTUQNAZNEC ENTUQNAZNECQ Q Ics tuacs jstèb pcsndncbhecs jbtrj jiics y dcb ihs arnehs ej sumjddnôb. Jstè prcgnanec ocen`ndhr ji ghz, hsï dcoc, ihs arnehs y ih pcsndnôb ej ics tuacs.
Ocbthmj Qjspjthr su uandhdnôb ej ics tuacs scarj ji octcr. Qcsdhr snb hprjthr ji tcrbniic (5) ej `nmhddnôb eji dcbmubtc. Tn js bjdjshrnc hpindhr ub js`ujrzc, sj heontj ub ejspihzhonjbtc oèxnoc ej : oo jb vjrtndhi y gcrnzcbthi. Ih utninzhdnôb ej ub arhzc ej phihbdh jstè prcgnanec. Qcsdhr snb hprjthr ics rhdcrjs ej ics tuacs (:). Hprjthr ji tcrbniic ej `nmhddnôb eji dcbmubtc hi phr. Hprjthr ics rhdcrjs (:) hi phr ej 48 Bo. Jb dhsc ej `ufh ej ubc ej ics rhdcrjs, r hdcrjs, huojbthr prcfrjsnvhojbtj prcfrjsnvhojbtj su phr ej hprnjtj ej : jb : Bo ghsth ih ejshphrndnôb ej ih `ufh. Tn hi phr ej hprnjtj ej :; Bo ih `ufh pjrsnstj, sustntunr ji ghz ej tuacs.
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ECDZOJBUC EJ @CQOHDNÔB TNB HDUZHIN]HQ
DCBTZIUJ JI OHBZHI EJ QJ[HQHDNÔB
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GHDJT EJ ICT UZACT EJ NB^JDDNÔB Ejsocbthmj Eurhbtj ji hprnjtj ej ics rhdcrjs (4) ihec rhoph ej hinojbthdnôb, sumjthr ics inonthecrjs ej dhuehi (5) jvnthr ejsocbthecs, quj sj h`icmjb.caturhr ics thihercs. Dcbphrh ics tuacs
Ocbthmj Hprjthr ics rhdcrjs ej ics tuacs (4) ( 4) = h ub phr ej 48 Bo. Jb dhsc ej `ufh, huojbthr sudjsnvhojbtj ji phr ej hprnjtj ej : jb : B.o ghsth ih ejshphrndnôb ej ih `ufh. Tn hi phr ej hprnjtj ej :; Bo ih `ufh pjrsnstj, sustntunr ji dcbmubtc ej`jdtucsc.
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ECDZOJBUC EJ @CQOHDNÔB TNB HDUZHIN]HQ
DCBTZIUJ JI OHBZHI EJ QJ[HQHDNÔB
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ACOAH EJ HIUH [QJTNÔB - Ztninzhr ji ýtni 1:56 eurhbtj ji ejsocbthmj, phrh jvnthr quj ji pnøôb ej ih enstrnaudnôb - sj ejdhij. Hbtjs ej qunthr ih acoah, pcbjr ji dninberc b½ 4 jb 4 jb ahihbdj y ji b½ 5 jb 5 jb dcoprjsnôb.
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DCBTZIUJ JI OHBZHI EJ QJ[HQHDNÔB
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DCBTZIUJ JI OHBZHI EJ QJ[HQHDNÔB
ECDZOJBUC EJ @CQOHDNÔB TNB HDUZHIN]HQ
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H phrtïr ej 5; lo/g , jsth `ubdnôb pjrontj rcehr h ubh vjicdnehe jsthaninzheh, snb utninzhr ji pjehi eji hdjijrhecr.
Ztninzhdnôb= - Dcicdhr ji vjgïduic h ih vjicdnehe ejsjheh. - [csndncbhr ji dhsquniic (8) jb «CB «. - Fnrhr ji dhsquniic (1) phrh sntuhr "T -" `rjbtj h ih ohrdh, phrh ojocrnzhr ih vjicdnehe. TNB HDDNCBHQ JI [JEHI EJI HDJIJQHECQ= - Fnrhr ji dhsquniic (1) pcsndnôb «Q+¼ `rjbtj h ih ohrdh, phrh huojbthr ih vjicdnehe. - Fnrhr ji dhsquniic (1) pcsndnôb «T - ¼ `rjbtj h ih ohrdh, phrh ensonbunr ih vjicdnehe
Duhiqunjr hddnôb scarj ji pjehi eji hdjijrhecr pjrontj huojbthr ih vjicdnehe eji vjgïduic. Uceh hddnôb scarj ji pjehi ej `rjbc c eji rhijbtnzhecr hbuih ocojbtèbjhojbtj ih `ubdnôb. [hrh vcivjr h ih vjicdnehe ojocrnzheh, fnrhr ji dhsquniic (1) pcsndnôb «Q+¼ `rjbtj h ih ohrdh. Duhiqunjr hddnôb scarj ji pjehi ej joarhfuj hbuih ocojbtèbjhojbtj ih `ubdnôb. Hi scithr ji pjehi ej joarhfuj ih `ubdnôb ej rjfuihdnôb vujivj hutcoètndhojbtj. Ji dhsquniic (8) jb pcsndnôb «C@@¼ hbuih ih `ubdnôb.
65
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ECDZOJBUC EJ @CQOHDNÔB TNB HDUZHIN]HQ
DCBTZIUJ JI OHBZHI EJ QJ[HQHDNÔB
1;
Jstj snstjoh pjrontj huojbthr ji rîfnojb ej rhijbtï, dcb ji vjgïduic phrhec.
Ztninzhdnôb= - [csndncbhr ji dhsquniic(8) jb pcsndnôb «CB «. - [cbjr ji octcr hi rîfnojb ejsjhec. - Fnrhr ji dhsquniic (1) jb "T-" c "Q+" `rjbtj h ih ohrdh, phrh ojocrnzhr ihs r.p.o. TN JI QÎFNOJB BC JT DCQQJDUC= - Fnrhr ji dhsquniic (1) pcsndnôb «Q+¼ `rjbtj h ih ohrdh, phrh huojbthr ji rîfnojb. - Fnrhr ji dhsquniic (1) pcsndnôb «T- ¼ `rjbtj h ih ohrdh, phrh ensonbunr ji rîfnojb.
6:
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ECDZOJBUC EJ @CQOHDNÔB TNB HDUZHIN]HQ
DCBTZIUJ JI OHBZHI EJ QJ[HQHDNÔB
1;
Jstj snstjoh pjrontj rjfuihr ji rîfnojb ej rhijbtï jbtrj 0;; y 6;; r.p.o..
Ztninzhdnôb= - Pjgïduic phrhec, `rjbc sj jsthdncbhonjbtc jbdihvhec, octcr hi rhijbtï. Fnrhr ji dhsquniic (8) ej «C@@¼ h «CB¼ 4 vjdjs jb ojbcs ej 1 sjfubecs. (C@@, CB, C@@, CB, C@@, CB) - Ji rîfnojb dhj h ::; r.p.o.. - [hrh rjfuihr ji bujvc rîfnojb ej rhijbtï. - Fnrhr ji dhsquniic (1) pcsndnôb «Q+¼ `rjbtj h ih ohrdh, phrh huojbthr ji rîfnojb. - Fnrhr ji dhsquniic (1) pcsndnôb «T-¼ `rjbtj h ih ohrdh, phrh ensonbunr ji rîfnojb. - Duhbec ji rîfnojb ej rhijbtï js ji ejsjhec, pnshr ubcs sjfubecs ji pjehi eji joarhfuj h dcbtnbuhdnôb scithr ji pjehi, ji bujvc rîfnojb ej rhijbtï qujehrè ojocrnzhec.
60
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DCBTZIUJ JI OHBZHI EJ QJ[HQHDNÔB
ECDZOJBUC EJ @CQOHDNÔB TNB HDUZHIN]HQ
1;
@ZBDNÔB = - H phrtnr ej 4; lo/g, jsth `ubdnôb pjrontj rcehr h ubh vjicdnehe jsthaninzheh, snb utninzhr ji pjehi eji hdjijrhecr.
ZUNIN]HDNÔB = - Dcicdhr ji vjgïduic h ih vjicdnehe ejsjheh. - [csndncbhr ji dhsquniic (8) jb "CB" "CB".. - Fnrhr ji dhsquniic (1) pcsndnôb "T - " phrh " phrh ojocrnzhr ih vjicdnehe. - Tnb hddncbhr ji pjehi eji hdjijrhecr= - Fnrhr ji dhsquniic (1) pcsndnôb "Q +" phrh +" phrh huojbthr ih vjicdnehe. - Fnrhr ji dhsquniic (1) pcsndnôb "T -" phrh -" phrh ensonbunr ih vjicdnehe. - Ji ohbtjbnonjbtc eji dhsquniic dhsquniic (1) jb duhiqunjr pcsndnôb pcsndnôb (+/-) (+/-) ghdj ghdj vhrnhr ih vjicdnehe, ghsth quj ssjj suj sujith ith ji dhsquniic. - Ih hddnôb sc scarj arj ji pjehi eji hdjijrhecr hdjijrhecr pjrontj hu huojbthr ojbthr ih vjicdnehe eji vjgïduic y ej scarjphshr ocojbtèbjhojbtj ih vjicdnehe ojocrnzheh. - Uceh jjii pjehi ej `rjbc, rhijbtnzhecr jiîdtrndc, jiîdtrndc, `rjbc octcrhddnôb eji `rjbc `r jbc ej jsdhpj, hbuih ih `ubdnôb. "M",, c scarj "M" - [hrh vcivjr h ih vjicdnehe ojocrnzheh= - Fnrhr ji dhsquniic dhsquniic (1) pcsndnôb "Q+" "Q+" `rjbtj `rjbtj h ih ohrdh. - Ji dhsquniic (8) pcsndnôb "C@@" "C@@" hbuih hbuih ih `ubdnôb. - Ji rjfuihecr ej vjicdnehe sj rjhdtnvh ejspuîs ej ub dhoanc ej vjicdnehe.
66
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ECDZOJBUC EJ @CQOHDNÔB TNB HDUZHIN]HQ
DCBTZIUJ JI OHBZHI EJ QJ[HQHDNÔB
1;
UCOH EJ @ZJQ]H TCAQJ IH DHMH EJ DHOANCT Tjfýb jqunphonjbtc eji vjgïduic.
Pjgïduic phrhec, octcr hi rhijbtï, dhmh ej dhoancs jb pubtc oujrtc, ejsjoarhfhr y jspjrhr 0 sjfubecs. Hpcyhr scarj ji nbtjrruptcr (8). Joarhfhr, h phrtnr ej jstj ocojbtc ih tcoh ej `ujrzh fnrh. Ji tjstnfc (U8;) sj niuonbh. [hrh dcicdhr ih tcoh ej `ujrzh jb pubtc oujrtc prcdjejr jb crejb nbvjrsc.Ji tjstnfc sj hphfhrè.
Qîfnojb rcthdnôb ej ih acoah gnerèuindh, Jb dhsc ejej hddncbhonjbtc bc scarjphshr ji rîfnojb nbendheh pcr ji dcbstrudtcr eji jqunpc.
[hrh ics vjgïduics jqunphecs dcb ji ji octcr "014.:0 EDN 88" ji rîfnojb eji octcr jstè hmusthec jb `harndhdnôb h 88:; r.p.o.. Tjfýb ji jqunphonjbtc, ji rîfnojb eji octcr sj pujej ocen`ndhr dcb ih hyueh ej ih ohijth ENHFBÔTUNDH.
67
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ECDZOJBUC EJ @CQOHDNÔB TNB HDUZHIN]HQ
DCBTZIUJ JI OHBZHI EJ QJ[HQHDNÔB
1;
(Dhijbthonjbtc eji octcr)
@ZBDNÔB= - Hdjijrh ih suaneh ej ih tjopjrhturh eji octcr pcr ji pnicthmj ej ih ohrnpcsh eji `rjbc octcr, ih `ubdnôb js enrnfneh pcr ji dhiduihecr dhiduihecr eji octc octcrr (JJDZ). - Ji `ubdncbhonjbtc eji snstjoh Vhro-up sj dcbjdth hutcohtndhojbtj jb ji hrrhbquj eji octcr, ahmc dnjrths dcbendncbjs dcbendncbjs (pcsndnôb pjehi ; %, h tjopjrhturh tjopjrhturh ej hfuh nb`jrncr h :½D). - Dcb ji snstjoh Vhro-up, ji rîfnojb eji octcr sj jsthaninzh h 8;;; r.p.o. , r.p.o. , ih hbuihdnôb sj prceudnrè duhbec ji octcr hidhbdj ubh tjopjrhtur tjopjrhturhh ej :;»D. - Eurhbtj ih hddnôb eji snstjoh Vhro-up, sn hddncbhocs ji pjehi eji hdjijrhecr, ih ohrnpcsh ej jsdhpj sj harj harj y bc sj fuhreh ddcoc coc ocec ej "QHI "QHIJBUÏ-HDJIJQHEC". JBUÏ-HDJIJQHEC". - Ji tnjopc phrh ub huojbtc ej ih tjopjrhturh tjopjrhtu rh eji iïqunec ej rj`rnf rj`rnfjrhdnôb jrhdnôb -8:» ë :;»D :;»D js hprcxnohehojbtj= Dcb Vhro-up = 6 onb. Tnb Vhro-up = 1; onb.
6>
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ECDZOJBUC EJ @CQOHDNÔB TNB HDUZHIN]HQ
6>
DCBTZIUJ JI OHBZHI EJ QJ[HQHDNÔB
1;
0;;
7;
ECDZOJBUC EJ @CQOHDNÔB TNB HDUZHIN]HQ
DCBTZIUJ JI OHBZHI EJ QJ[HQHDNÔB
1;
0;;
78
ECDZOJBUC EJ @CQOHDNÔB TNB HDUZHIN]HQ
DCBTZIUJ JI OHBZHI EJ QJ[HQHDNÔB
1;
ÝUNI EJ ENHFBÔTUNDC E NHFBÔTUNDC = ENH ENHFBCTUNDH FBCTUNDH
@;6147
Ji enhfbôstndc sj j`jdtuh pcr ji dhiduihecr eji octcr (JJDZ) eji snstjoh, quj tr trhbsontj hbsontj hi ýtni ENHFBÔTUNDH h trhvîs eji tcoh ej enhfbôstndc. Ji ýtni ENHFBCTUNDH jstè dcbstntunec= • ej ub oôeuic dcophtnaij [D • ej ub oôeuic ej dcoubndhdnôb dcb ji dhiduihecr eji snstjoh. • ej ub oôeuic ej hinojbthdnôb ubnec h ih tcoh ej enfbôstndc. • ej ubh ahtjrïj nbtjrbh. Ihs `ubdncbjs prnbdnphijs scb= • ih ijdturh ej ics ej`jdtcs • acrrhec ej ics ej`jdtcs ojocrnzhecs • ih ocen`ndhdnôb ej ics phrèojtrcs eji snstjoh. • ji tjst y ih hdtnvhdnôb ej dnjrtcs ôrfhbcs eji snstjoh.
0;;
71
ECDZOJBUC EJ @CQOHDNÔB TNB HDUZHIN]HQ
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DCBTZIUJ JI OHBZHI EJ QJ[HQHDNÔB
1;
Hijrth hi dcbeudtcr pcr ics tjstnfcs eji shipndhejrc. Ej`jdtcs ojbcrjs= Duhbec ji tjstnfc ej ej`jdtc ej ih ih nbyjddnôb jijdtrôbndh sj niuonbh, ghy vhicrjs quj sj tcohb pcr ej`jdtc, dnjrths `ubdncbjs scb suprnonehs c ejfrhehehs. Tj dcbsnejrhb, prjsjbdnh ej ej`jdtcs OJBCQJT. Jmjopic= dhpthecr ej tjopjrhturh fhsôijc ej`jdtucsc = vhicr pcr ej`jdt ej`jdtcc ? 5;»D 5;»D Ujstnfc `hiic jb ih nbyjddnôb jijdtrôbndh
@;81167
Ujstnfc ej sjrvndnc
@;8116>
Ji tjstnfc ej ej`jdtc jb ih nbyjddnôb n byjddnôb jijdtrôbndh, jstè ubnec hi tjstnfc ej sjrvndnc. Ej`jdtcs ohycrjs= Duhbec ji tjstnfc ej ej`jdtc ej nbyjddnôb / inonthecr ej vjicdnehe vjicdnehe sj sj niuonbh dcb ji octcr jb ohrdgh, ji snstjoh `ubdncbh jb «ocec «ocec scdcrrc¼ pcr jmjopic `ubdncbhonjbtc `ubdncbhonjbtc jb : dninbercs. jstj «ocec ej jojrfjbdnh jojrfjbdnh pujej iijfhr ghs ghsth th phrhr ji octcr (c nopcsnaninth ji hrrhbquj eeji ji octcr)< Tj dcbsnejrh prjsjbdnh ej ej`jdtcs OH^CQJT.
@;8117;
@;81178
Ji tjstnfc ej ej`jdtcs ej nbyjddnôb / inonthecr i nonthecr ej vjicdnehe jstè vjicdnehe jstè ubnec hi tjstnfc ej TUC[
74
ECDZOJBUC EJ @CQOHDNÔB TNB HDUZHIN]HQ
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DCBTZIUJ JI OHBZHI EJ QJ[HQHDNÔB
1;
Dôenfc ej ejstjiics=
Ji snstjoh Dcoocb Qhni pcsjj ub enspcsntnvc pcr dôenfc ej ejstjiics (ainbl dcej) quj pjrontj ijjr ics ej`jdtcs prjsjbtjs. Ih nb`crohdnôb prcdjejbtj eji dhiduihecr (JJDZ) js pcsnaij ejsdn`rhrih jb `croh ej ejstjiics pcr ji tjstnfc ej ej`jdtcs.
@;81167
Hdtnvhdnôb eji dôenfc ej ejstjiics= - [csndncbhr ji dhsquniic (8) jb «C@@¼. - Hddncbhr ji dhsquniic (1) jb Q+ c Tghsth ih jxtnbdnôb eji tjstnfc, ejspuîs scithr ji dhsquniic. - Dcbthr ji býojrc ej ejstjiics iuonbcscs eji tjstnfc sjfýb ji prnbdnpnc snfunjbtj. - 8ª sjrnj ej ejstjiics (ijbtcs) ?2 dn`rh ej ihs ejdjbhs - 1j sj sjrnj ej ejstjiics (rèpnecs) ?2 dn`rh ej ihs ubnehejs
@;81171
Jmjopic= ijdturh eji dôenfc 14 Jmjopic= ijdturh Ihbzhr ji prcdjenonjbtc phrh nejbtn`ndhr tcecs ics ej`jdtcs, duhbec ji 8 jr dôenfc rjhphrjdj, tcecs ics ej`jdtcs ghb snec vnsuhinzhecs.
75
ECDZOJBUC EJ @CQOHDNÔB TNB HDUZHIN]HQ
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DCBTZIUJ JI OHBZHI EJ QJ[HQHDNÔB
1;
Dôenfc ej ej`jdtcs= DD = Dcrtc dnrduntc DC = Dnrduntc hanjrtc
Dôenfc ej ej`jdtcs 8/8
@ubdnôb h`jdtheh
Crnfjb ej ih hvjrïh
Dhpthecr ej prjsnôb ej hdjntj
- DC iïbjhs dhpthecr prjsnôb ej hdjntj - DD sjøhi ej ohsh c hinojbthdnôb dhpthecr prjsnôb ej hdjntj - Dhiduihecr octcr JJDZ
8/4
Dhpthecr prjsnôb ej scarjhinojbthdnô scarjhinojbthdnôb b
- DC iïbjhs dhp dhpthecr thecr prjsnô prjsnôb b scarjhino. - DD sjøhi ej ohsh c hinojbthdnôb dhpthecr prjsnôb ej hdjntj - Dhiduihecr octcr JJDZ
8/5
Dhpthecr ej U» fhsôijc ([rjsjrnj)
- DC iïbjhs iïbj hs dhpthecr ej U» fhsôijc - DD sjøhi ej ohsh c hinojbthdnôb dhpthecr ej U» fhsôijc - Dhiduihecr octcr JJDZ
8/:
Dhpthecr ej U» iïqunec ej rj`rnfjrhdnôb
- DC iïbjhs iïbj hs dhpthecr ej U» iïqunec e ej j rj`rnfjrhdnôb - DD sjøhi ej ohsh c hinojbthdnôb dhpthecr ej U» iïqunec ej rj`rnfjr r j`rnfjrhdnôb hdnôb - Dhiduihecr octcr JJDZ
8/0
Dhpthecr ej U» ej scarjhinojbthdnô scarjhinojbthdnôb b
- DC iïbjhs iï bjhs dhpth dhpthecr ecr ej U U» » ej scarjhinojbthdnôb - DD sjøhi ej ohsh c hinojbthdnôb dhpthecr ej e j U» ej suarjhin suarjhinojbthdnôb ojbthdnôb - Dhiduihecr octcr JJDZ
8/6
Dhpthecr ej U» ej hdjntj
- DC iïbjhs dhpthecr ej U» ej hdjntj - DD sjøhi ej ohsh c hinojbthdnôb dhpthecr ej U» ej hdjnt hdjntj j - Dhiduihecr octcr JJDZ
7:
ECDZOJBUC EJ @CQOHDNÔB TNB HDUZHIN]HQ
0;;
DCBTZIUJ JI OHBZHI EJ QJ[HQHDNÔB
1;
Dôenfcs ej ej`jdtcs= DD = Dcrtc dnrduntc DC = Dnrduntc hanjrtc Dôenfc ej`jdtcs
@ubdnôb h`jdtheh
Crnfjb ej ih hvjrïh
8/>
Dhpthecr bnvji ej hdjntj
- DC inbjhs dhpthecr bnvji ej hdjntj - DD sjøhi ej ohsh c hinojbthdnôb dhpthecr ej bnvji ej hdjntj - Dhiduihecr octcr JJDZ
1/8
Dhpthecr rîfnojb vjbtnihecr
- DC iïbjhs dhpthecr eji rîfnojb ej vjbtnihecr - DD sjøhi ej ohsh c hinojbthdnôb dhpthecr rîfnojb vjbtnihecr - Dhiduihecr octcr JJDZ
1/1
Dhpthecr rîfnojb octcr
- DC iïbjhs dhpthecr rîfnojb octcr - DD sjøhi ej ohsh c hinojbthdnôb dhpthecr rîfnojb octcr - Dhiduihecr octcr JJDZ
1/4
Dhpthecr rîfnojb acoah
- DC iïbjhs dhpthecr rîfnojb ej acoah - DD sjøhi ej ohsh c hinojbthdnôb dhpthecr rîfnojb acoah - Dhiduihecr octcr JJDZ
1/5
Dhpthecr prjsnôb ej nbyjddnôb
- DC iïbjhs dhpthecr prjsnôb ej nbyjddnôb - DD sjøhi ej ohsh c hinojbthdnôb dhpthecr prjsnôb ej nbyjddnôb - Dhiduihecr octcr JJDZ
1/:
Hinojbthdnôb dhpthecrjs (+ : vcitncs)
- Dhiduihecr octcr JJDZ
1/7
Nbtjrruptcr phrheh octcr
- DD sjøhi ej ohsh c hinojbthdnôb nbtjrruptcr phrheh octcr - Dhiduihecr octcr JJDZ
70
ECDZOJBUC EJ @CQOHDNÔB TNB HDUZHIN]HQ
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DCBTZIUJ JI OHBZHI EJ QJ[HQHDNÔB
1;
Dôenfcs ej ej`jdtcs= DD = Dcrtc dnrduntc DC = Dnrduntc hanjrtc Dôenfc ej ej`jdtcs
@ubdnôb h`jdtheh
Crnfjb ej ih hvjrïh
4/1
Jijdtrcvèivuih `rjbc ej jsdhpj VHADC
- DC Iïbjhs jijdtrcvèivuihs `rjbc ej jsdhpj. - DD sjøhi ej ohsh c hinojbthdnôb jijdtrcvèivuih `rjbc jsdhpj - Jijdtrcvèivuih `rjbc ej jsdhpj - Dhiduihecr octcr JJDZ
4/4
Jijdtrcvèivuih b½ 8 MHDCA y `rjbc ej jsdhpj
- DC iïbjhs jijdtrcvèivuih jijdtrcvèivuihs s `rjbc ej jsdhpj - DD sjøhi ej ohsh c hinojbthdnôb `rjbc ej jsdhpj - Jijdtrcvèivuih `rjbc ej jsdhpj - Dhiduihecr octcr JJDZ
4/5
Jijdtrcvèivuih b½ 1 MHDCA y `rjbc ej jsdhpj
- DC iïbjhs jijdtrcvèivuih jijdtrcvèivuihs s `rjbc ej jsdhpj - DD sjøhi ej ohsh c hinojbthdnôb `rjbc ej jsdhpj - Jijdtrcvèivuih `rjbc ej jsdhpj - Dhiduihecr octcr JJDZ
4/6
[nicthmj býdijc vjbtnihecr (`ubdnôb ohxnohs r.p.o.)
- DC iïbjhs ej hinojbthdnôb - DD iïbjhs ej hinojbthdnôb - Býdijc eji vjbtnihecr - Dhiduihecr octcr JJDZ
4/6
[nicthmj býdijc vjbtnihecr (`ubdnôb oïbnohs r.p.o.)
- DC iïbjhs h ohsh - Jijdtrcvèivuih `rjbc ej jsdhpj - Dhiduihecr octcr JJDZ
76
ECDZOJBUC EJ @CQOHDNÔB TNB HDUZHIN]HQ
0;;
DCBTZIUJ JI OHBZHI EJ QJ[HQHDNÔB
1;
Dôenfcs ej ej`jdtcs= DD = Dcrtc dnrduntc DC = Dnrduntc hanjrtc
Dôenfc ej ej`jdtcs
@ubdnôb h`jdtheh
Crnfjb ej ih hvjrïh
5/8
Dninberc b½ 8 Nbyjdtcr b½ 8
- Inonthecr ej dhuehi aicqujhec - DC Iïbjh nbyjdtcr - DD Iïbjh nbyjdtcr - Nbyjdtcr - Dhiduihecr octcr JJDZ
5/1
Dninberc b½ 1 Nbyjdtcr b½ :
- Inonthecr ej dhuehi aicqujhec - DC Iïbjh nbyjdtcr -- DD Iïbjh nbyjdtcr Nbyjdtcr - Dhiduihecr octcr JJDZ
5/4
Dninberc b½ 4 Nbyjdtcr b½ 4
- Inonthecr ej dhuehi aicqujhec - DC Iïbjh nbyjdtcr - DD Iïbjh nbyjdtcr - Nbyjdtcr - Dhiduihecr octcr JJDZ
5/5
Dninberc b½ 5 Nbyjdtcr b½ 0
- Inonthecr ej dhuehi aicqujhec - DC Iïbjh nbyjdtcr - DD Iïbjh nbyjdtcr - Nbyjdtcr - Dhiduihecr octcr JJDZ
5/:
Dninberc b½ : Nbyjdtcr b½ 1
- Inonthecr ej dhuehi aicqujhec - DC Iïbjh nbyjdtcr - DD Iïbjh nbyjdtcr - Nbyjdtcr - Dhiduihecr octcr JJDZ
5/0
Dninberc b½ 0 Nbyjdtcr b½ 5
- Inonthecr ej dhuehi aicqujhec - DC Iïbjh nbyjdtcr - DD Iïbjh nbyjdtcr - Nbyjdtcr - Dhiduihecr octcr JJDZ
77
ECDZOJBUC EJ @CQOHDNÔB TNB HDUZHIN]HQ
0;;
DCBTZIUJ JI OHBZHI EJ QJ[HQHDNÔB
1;
Dôenfcs ej ej`jdtcs= DD = Dcrtc dnrduntc DC = Dnrduntc hanjrtc
Dôenfc ej ej`jdtcs
@ubdnôb h`jdtheh
Crnfjb ej ih hvjrïh
:/8
Jijdtrcvèivuih Acoah b½ 8
- DC Iïbjh c jijdtrcvèivuih - DD Iïbjh c jijdtrcvèivuih
:/1
Jijdtrcvèivuih acoah b½ 8
- DC Iïbjh c jijdtrcvèivuih - DD Iïbjh c jijdtrcvèivuih
ECDZOJBUC EJ @CQOHDNÔB TNB HDUZHIN]HQ
7>
0;;
DCBTZIUJ JI OHBZHI EJ QJ[HQHDNÔB
1;
>;
ECDZOJBUC EJ @CQOHDNÔB TNB HDUZHIN]HQ
0;;
DCBTZIUJ JI OHBZHI EJ QJ[HQHDNÔB
1;
ECDZOJBUC EJ @CQOHDNÔB TNB HDUZHIN]HQ
>8
0;;
DCBTZIUJ JI OHBZHI EJ QJ[HQHDNÔB
1;
>1
ECDZOJBUC EJ @CQOHDNÔB TNB HDUZHIN]HQ
DCBTZIUJ JI OHBZHI EJ QJ[HQHDNÔB
DCBJDUCQ GH] EJI OC OCUCQ UCQ (A)
A8 - Tjøhi dhpthecr tjopjrhturh eji iïqunec ej rj`rnfjrhdnôb A1 - Tjøhi dhpthecr ej tjopjrhturh eji hnrj ej scarjhinojbthdnôb A4 - Hinojbthdnôb dhpthecrjs ej prjsnôb y ej tjopjrhturh ej scarjhinojbthdnôb A5 - Tjøhi dhpthecr ej vjicdnehe octcr jb acoah ej hith prjsnôb A: - Tjøhi dhpthecr tjopjrhturh ej prjsnôb ej hdjntj octcr A0 - Ohsh dhpthecr ej prjsnôb rhoph hduouihecr A6 - Ohsh jijdtrcvèivuih b» b»11 ej rjfuihdnôb ej dhuehi ej dcoaustnaij A7 - Ohsh jijdtrcvèivuih (b½ 8 y b½ 1) ej rhijbtnzhecr "MHDCA" A> - Ohbec jijdtrcvèivuih b» b»88 ej rjfuihdnôb ej dhuehi ej dhraurhbtj A8; - Ohbec nbyjdtcr dninberc b» b»00 A88 - Ohbec nbyjdtcr dninberc b» b»11 A81 - Ohbec nbyjdtcr dninberc b» b»88 A84 - Hinojbthdnôb dhpthecr ej prjsnôb rhoph hduouihecr A80 - Tjøhi dhpthecr tjopjrhturh ej hdjntj octcr A86 - Ohsh dhpthecr prjsnôb ej hdjntj octcr A8> - Ohsh dhpthecrjs prjsnôb ej scarjhinojbthdnôb A1; - Ohsh jijdtrcvèivuih b» b»88 rjfuihdnôb dhuehi ej dcoaustnaij A18 - Ohbec jijdtrcvèivuih b» b»11 rjfuihdnôb dhuehi ej dcoaustnaij A11 - Ohbec nbyjdtcr dninberc b» b»55 A14 - Ohbec nbyjdtcr dninberc b» b»:: A15 - Ohbec nbyjdtcr dninberc b» b»44 A10 - Hinojbthdnôb dhpthecr ej prjsnôb ej hdjntj octcr A16 - Ohbec jijdtrcvèivuih b½ 1 eji rhijbtnzhecr "MHDCA" A1> - Tjøhi dhpthecr ej vjicdnehe octcr (dnfùjøhi) A4; - Ohsh dhpthecrjs tjopjrhturh A48 - Tjøhi dhpthecr ej vjicdnehe octcr jb acoah ej hith prjsnôb A41 jijdtrcvèivuih b½ 8 eji rhijbtnzhecr "MHDCA" A44 -- Ohbec Tjøhi dhpthecr ej prjsnôb rhoph hduouihecr A45 - Tjøhi dhpthecr ej prjsnôb ej scarjhinojbthdnôb A46 - Tjøhi dhpthecr vjicdnehe octcr (dnfùjøhi) A47 - Hinojbthdnôb dhpthecr ej bnvji ej hdjntj octcr A5; - Ohsh nbyjdtcr b» 8, 1, 4 A58 - Ohsh nbyjdtcr b» 8, 1, 4 A51 - Ohsh nbyjdtcr b» 5, :, 0 A54 - Ohsh nbyjdtcr b» 5, :, 0
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H`jdthdnôb ej ics `usnaijs Dhiduihecr DCOOCB QHNI Dhiduihecr DCOOCB QHNI Dhiduihecr DCOOCB QHNI / PJDZ Pnsuhinzhecr Pnsuhinzhecr Dhiduihecr vjgïduic (PJDZ)
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J.J.D.Z. DCBUQCI OCUCQ OCUCQ
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Dhptjecr bnvji ej hdjntj Dhpthecr U»iïqunec ej rj`rnfjrhdnôb
DH[UHECQ BNPJI IÏXZNEC EJ QJ@QNFJQHDNÔB PJBUNIHECQ [NICUHMJ
Dhpthecr prjsnôb y U» hnrj scarjhinojbthdnôb ôb
Dhpthecr prjsnôb ej hdjntj
Dhpthecr rîfnojb oct octcr cr Hino.
Dhpthecr prjsnôb ej nbyjddnôb
Ohsh
JIJDUQCPÈIPZIH @QJBC EJ JTDH[J Nbyjdtcrjs
UCOH ENHFBÔTUNDH Nbyjdtcrjs PJDZ
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PNFNIHBDNH scarjprjsnôb `iunec `rnfcrïfjbc
Jijdtrcvèivuih b½ 1 Acoah hith prjsnôb
+ 15 vcitncs
Dhpthecr rîfnojb acoah Dhpthecr U»ej hdjntj Jijdtrcvèivuih b½ 8 @rjbc octcr Jijdtrcvèivuih b½ 1 @rjbc octcr
OHBEC [HQHEH OCUCQ (scarj octcr) @;8117:
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Dhpthecr pcsndnôb pjehi hdjijrhecr
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Pnscr bnvji ej hdjntj
87 vïhs
Tjøhi [. y bnvji ej hdjntj Nbend. [. y bnvji ej hdjntj Nbend. U»iïqunec ej rj`rnfjrhdnôb Iuz stcp
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Nb`cro. `rjbhec
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Dujbth rjvciu. + H[D FQNT 87 vïhs
Dcbthdtc pubtc oujrtc Nb`c. `rjbc jsthdnc. Ucoh enhfbôstndh
Qhijbtnzhecr Nb`c. vjicdnehe Qhijbtnzhecr jiîdtrndc
Dhaij h ohsh ( `ujrh DJJ)
Hbtnrrcac jiîdtrndc Ucoh EHUHICF AIHBDC
Ucoh ej `ujrzh
87 vïhs
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DCBTZIUJ JI OHBZHI EJ QJ[HQHDNÔB
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