4 Sanidad Animal 13 16

 

@.B.].Q.W. ‖MBDLW MKNKJK_MK‚

R A 71> MLIQ_ MLIQ_LF LF P Q_KQKJ Q_KQKJ@BIQL @BIQL AB BIDB_J BIDB_JBAKAB] BAKAB]

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KW_BIA@^KNB>

A@KHIL]Q@MK_ P MLIQ_LFK_ BIDB_JBAKAB] @IDBMM@L]K] W_LARM@AK] WL_ J@M_LL_HKIR@]JL] J@M_LL_HKIR@]J L] WKQLHBIL] WKQLHBIL] AB KMRB_AL KMRB_AL K FK BWFL_K@LI BWFL_K@LI MF@I@MK ABF KI@JKF WK_K BF Q_KQKJ@BIQL KABMRKAL.

BIDB_JBAKAB] @IDBMM@L]K] j`mrllrhki`sj i`sjls ls sb bimu bimubitr bitrki ki plr tla tlaks ks pkrt pkrtbs> bs> bi fk t`br t`brrk, rk, bi bf khu khukk @IQ_LARMM@LI> Fls j`mrllrhk @IQ_LARMM@LI> aufmb y skfkak, bi bf dlial abf lmàkil y bi bf k`rb. A`kr`kjbitb fls mljbjls, obobjls y rbsp`rkjls. Il lostkitb, k pbskr ab su prbsbim`k korujkalrk, rkrk vbz `ivkabi, sb juft`pf`mki y prlaumbi prla umbi `id `idbmm`l bmm`libs ibs bi fls sbrbs cuj cujkils kils y ki`j ki`jkfbs. kfbs. @im @imfusl fusl mu mukial kial fl ck ckmbi, mbi, fk `idb `idbmm`ýi mm`ýi bs k vbmbs tki fbvb qub il prlvlmk i`ihþi sêitljk. Ab cbmc cbmcl, l, bx`st bx`stbi bi plml plmlss j`mrl j`mrllrhk lrhki`sj i`sjls ls mkpk mkpkmbs mbs ab mkusk mkuskrr bidb bidbrjba rjbakabs kabs.. J Jumcl umclss ab ab bffls bffls v`v v`vbi bi slorb slo rb fk p`b p`bf,f, bi fk ol olmk, mk, bi fks vê vêks ks rbsp`r rbsp`rktl ktlr`k r`ks, s, bi bf `it `itbst bst`il `il y bbi i ffls ls hbi`t hbi`tkfb kfbs. s. B Bff q qub ub pbrjkibzmk mljl `ildbis`v `ildbis`vll y mkusbi u uik ik bidbrjba bidbrjbaka ka bi bf cuà cuàspba spba abpbiab ab fk i ikturkfbzk kturkfbzk abf j`mrllrhki`sjl j`mrllrhki` sjl y ab fk `itbrrbfkm`ýi mli fks abdbi abdbisks sks abf mubrpl ki`jkf. DFL_K _B]@ABIQB> Rik pbr pbrsli slikk l ki` ki`jkf jkf ski skill v`v v`vbb bi krj krjli liêk êk mmli li fk dfl dflrk rk j`m j`mrlo rlo`ki `kikk il ilrjk rjkff q qub ub sb bbstk stkofb ofbmb mb (mlfli`zk) bi abtbrj`ik abtbrj`ikaks aks zliks ab! mubrpl c cujkil ujkil l ki`jkf. Bstk dflrk, qu qubb plr fl hbibrkf lmupk ui fuhkr mlimrbtl rbm`o rbm`obb bf iljorb ab dflrk rbs`abi rbs`abitb. tb. Bi fuhkr ab mkuskr uik bidbrjbaka bstk dfl dflrk rk subfbb prltbh subf prltbhbr br bf mubrpl ab fls j`mrl j`mrllrhk lrhki`sj i`sjls ls qub prlv prlvlmki lmki bidb bidbrjba rjbakabs kabs.. ]` rbsuft rbsuftkk kftbrka kftbrkakk ab kfhu kfhuik ik jkibr jkibrkk l plr kfh kfhþi þi jlt`v jlt`vl, l, rëp`a rëp`akjbit kjbitbb sb rbmu rbmupbrk pbrk.. ksê k fls j`mrllrhki`sjl j`mrllrhki`sjlss qub mlfli mlfli`zki `zki bf cuàspba slfl plr Dflrk trkis`tlr`k sb abilj`iki ksê kfhuiks kfhu iks clrk clrkss l kfhui kfhuiks ks uiks sb sbjkik jkiks, s, pbrl il sb bstk bstkofbmb ofbmbi i bi àf ab dlr dlrjk jk pbrjk pbrjkibit ibitb. b. A`vbrsls A`vb rsls dkmt dkmtlrbs lrbs jba` jba`lkjo lkjo`bitk `bitkfbs fbs (ml (mljl jl fk a a`btk `btk,, fks mlia mlia`m`li `m`libs bs ski`tkr` ski`tkr`ks, ks, fk plfu plfum`ýi m`ýi a abf bf k`rb y fl cëo`tls c`h`ài`mls) `idfuybi bi bf abskrrlffl ab fks bspbm`bs ab fk dflrk rbs`abitb ab ui `ia`v`aul l ki`jkf. MÝJL ]B AB MÝJL AB]K ]K__L __LFFK FFK FK @ID @IDBMM BMM@ÝI @ÝI Fks bidbrjbakabs bidbrjbakabs `idbmm`lsks, sli plr fl hbibrkf, prlv prlvlmkaks lmkaks plr j`mrl j`mrllrhki`sjls lrhki`sjls qub `ivkabi bf mubrpll y sb juf mubrp juft`p t`pf`m f`mki. ki. Bf qu qubb àst àstbb pbr pbrjki jkibzm bzmkk mbr mbrmk mk ab abff pui puitl tl ab `iv `ivks` ks`ýi ýi l o`bi sb sb bxt bxt`bi `biak ak k puitls fbnkils, abpbiab ab dkmtlrbs mljl ffkk pr prlaumm`ýi laumm`ýi ab tlx`iks, biz`jks u ltrks sustkim`ks. Qrks fk `idbmm`ýi fls j`mrllrhki`sjls abobi juft`pf`mkrsb pkrk prlaum`r fk `idbmm`ýi. Wlr mlis`hu`bitb pubabi sumbabr trbs mlsks>   

Wr`jbrl, qub bstls j`mrllrhki`sjls s`hki juft`pf`mëialsb y absolrabi fks abdbisks ab fls Wr`jbrl, ki`jkfbs, prlmbsl prlmbsl qub pubab pubab mkuskr sud`m`bitb akû akûll mljl pkr pkrkk jktkr kf bidbrjl. ]bhuial, pubab kfmkizkr ui bstkal ab bqu`f`or`l, abskrrlffëialsb uik `idbmm`ýi mrýi`mk, aliab i` fls j`mrllrhki`sjl j`mrllrhki`sjlss i` bf ki`jkf kdbmtkal hkiki fk oktkffk, Qbrmbrl>> bf ki`jkf, Qbrmbrl ki`jkf, mli ui trkt trktkj`bi kj`bitl tl jàa` jàa`ml ml mli mlis`hub s`hub brrk brrka`mkr a`mkr bf j`mr j`mrllr llrhki`s hki`sjl jl `iv `ivkslr kslr.. Bstb prlmbsl rbstkofbmb fk skfua y subfb prlplrm`likr uik `ijui`aka aurkabrk drbitb k ltrk `idbmm`ýi prlaum`ak plr bf j`sjl j`mrllrhki j`mrllrhki`sjl `sjl

Jumcls ab fls j`mr j`mrllrhki`sjls llrhki`sjls mkuskitbs a abb bidbrjbak bidbrjbakabs abs t`bibi prlp`baka prlp`bakabs bs qub kujbitki fk hrkvbaka abf prlmbsl (v`rufbim`k) y rbs`stbi k fls jbmki`sjls ab abdbisk abf mubrpl. Wlr bnbjpfl>  Kfhuiks okmtbr`ks prlaumbi biz`jks qub rljpbi fls tbn`als pbrj`t`bial qub fk `idbmm`ýi sb bxt`biaks jës rëp`akjbit rëp`akjbitb. b. ]KI@AKA KI@JKF

J.T. NRKI JKIQ@FFK O_@LIB]

38

 

@.B.].Q.W. ‖MBDLW MKNKJK_MK‚



  

Kfhuils j`mrllrhki`sjls mubitki mli jbmki`sjls pkrk oflqubkr fls s`stbjks ab abdbisk abf mubrpl, plr bnbjp bnbjpfl> fl> pubabi `itbrdbr`r fk prla prlaumm`ýi umm`ýi ab kit kit`mubrpls `mubrpls l bf abskrr abskrrlffl lffl a abb fks màfufks Q (uik vkr`baka ab hfýoufl ofkimls) . Ltrls t`bibi muo`brtks bxtbriks (mkpsufks) qub `jp`abi su `ihbst`ýi plr pkrtb ab fls hfýoufls ofkimls. Kfhuiks okmtbr`ks ldrbmbi rbs`stbim`k k sbr abstru`aks (f`s`s) plr sustkim`ks qub m`rmufki bi bf dfunl skihuêibl. Ltrks `imfusl prlaumbi sustkim`ks quêj`mks qub mlitrkrrbst mlitrkrrbstki ki fls bdbmtls ab fls kit`o`ýt`mls.

OK MQ B_ @ K]

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Bs ibmbskr`l mlilmbr kfhuils mlimbptls hbibrkfbs ab okmtbr`lflhêk (m`bim`k qub bstua`k fks okmtbr`ks) kitbs ab prlduia`zkr bi tbjks ab bidbrjbakabs `idbmm`lsks. Fks okmtbr`ks sli sbrbs ui`mbfufkrbs s`i iþmfbl (W_LMK_@LQ@MK]) y ab tkjkûl vkr`kofb, muyl fêj`tb

`idbr`lr bs ab 7,? j`mrýi y bf fêj`tb supbr`lr 27 j`mrlibs (; j`mrýi : 7,77; j`fêjbtrls) y qub kpkrbm`brli ckmb jks ab =277 j`fflibs ab kûls ktrës. Hbibrkfjbitb plsbbi uik WK_BA MBFRFK_, jumcks plsbbi DFKHBFL] y sli jýv`fbs. FK] OKMQB_@K] sli fls lrhki`sjls jës kouiakitbs abf pfkibtk, bimlitrëialsb bi tlal cëo`tkt ab fk t`brrk, sbk bi bf subfl, bi khuks mkf`bitbs, bi khuks ëm`aks, bi absbmcls rka`kmt`vls, bi prlduia`akabs abf jkr, bi prlduia`akabs ab fk mlrtbzk tbrrbstrb, y kfhuiks pubabi v`v`r ckstk bi bf bspkm`l bxtbr`lr. ]b bst`jk qub bi ; hrkjl ab t`brrk cky kprlx`jkakjbitb 17 j`fflibs ab màfufks okmtbr`kiks y bi ; jf ab khuk cky ; j`ffýi ab màfufks okmtbr`kiks. Bi bf mubrpl cujkil cky ;7 vbmbs jës okmtbr`ks qub màfufks abf mubrpl, aliab hrki mkit`aka sb bimubitrki bi fk p`bf y bi bf s`stbjk a`hbst`vl, kuiqub bf bdbmtl abf s`stbjk @IJRIB ckmb qub fk jkylrêk ab bffls sbk `ildbis`vk. Fks okmtbr`ks sli `jprbsm`ia`ofbs bf bfbjbitls, _BM@MFKNB ab fls pkrk pubss jumck pub umckss ab bffks kmtþki bi fls m`mfls O@LHBL[R@J@ML] ab fls bfbjbitls. ]bhþi fk mlflrkm`ýi Hrkj, fks okmtbr`ks sb mfks`d`mki bi>

JL_DLFL JL _DLFLH@K H@K AB FK] OKMQB_@K] l l

Hrkj (+) mukial sb t`ûbi ab mlflr rlnl Hrkj (-) mukial sb t`ûbi ab mlflr kzuf

M`brtls hàibrls ab okmtbr`ks Hrkj pls`t`vls (+) pubabi dlrjkr  BIAL]WL_K] qub sli bstrumturks aurj`bitbs kftkjbitb rbs`stbitbs muyk duim`ýi bs slorbv`v`r mukial fks mlia`m`libs kjo`bitkfbs sli kavbrsks, pubabi slorbv`v`r k mlia`m`libs dês`mks y quêj`mks bxtrbjks tkfbs mljl kftls i`vbfbs ab fuz uftrkv`lfbtk, rkyls hkjjk, abtbrhbitbs, abs`idbmtkitbs, mkflr, prbs`ýi y absbmkm`ýi, Bi bsb bstkal pubab v`v`r aurkitb j`fflibs ab hbibrl kûls. Fks okmtbr`ks qub dlrjki BIAL]WL_K] sli bf Okm`ffus kitcrkm`s qub mkusk bf KI KIQ_K Q_KS, S, y abf Mflstr`a`uj (Mf tbtki`, Mf. Oltuf`iuj, Mf. Wbrdr`ihbis. Btm) > ]KI@AKA KI@JKF

J.T. NRKI JKIQ@FFK O_@LIB]

33

 

@.B.].Q.W. ‖MBDLW MKNKJK_MK‚

OKMQB_@K] H_KJ WL]@Q@TK]

OKMQB_@K] H_KJ IBHKQ@TK]

Kmt`iljymbs ]tkpcyflmlmmus kurbus ]trbptlmlmmus uobr`s ]trbptlmlmmus py pylhbibs ]trbptlmlmmus olv`s Mlryibokmtbr`uj pyýhbibs Mflstr`a`uj oltuf`iuj Mflstr`a`uj tbtki Mflstr`a`uj pbrdr`ihbis Okm`ffus kitcrkm`s

Kmt`ilokm`ffus Orumbffk kolrtus Olrabtbffk Mkjpyflokmtbr   Bsmcbr`mc`k mlf` Efbos`bffk Hlilmlml Ckbjlpcyfus Wsbualjliks kbruh`ilsk Wkstburbffk

F`stbr`k Fbptlsp`rk

Wrltbus ]kfjlibffk ]c`hubffk

Wkrk bi bi jbnl jbnlrr mljpr mljprbis`ýi bis`ýi sb fl ck a`v`a`a a`v`a`all bi trb trbss hrupls> hrupls> bidbrjbakabs bidbrjbakabs mmkuskaks kuskaks plr v`rus, v`r us, bi bidbr dbrjba jbakabs kabs mk mkuska uskaks ks plr okmtb okmtbr`k r`kss y bidb bidbrj rjbaka bakabs bs mkus mkuskaks kaks pl plrr pkrës`t pkrës`tls ls prltlzlkr`ls qub tkjo`ài sli `idbmm`lsls.

;.

Bidbrjbaka akabs mkuskaks p pl lr vv``rus rus

_KO@K OLT@IK> Bs uik bidbrjbaka zlliýt`mk (sb trkisj`tb abf ki`jkf kf cljorb) y bs jlrtkf, mkuskak plr Fysskv`rus qub kdbmtk bf s`stbjk ibrv`lsl mbitrkf (]IM) ab fls ki`jkfbs ab skihrb mkf`bitb. ]êitljks Bi fk btkpk dur`lsk ab fk bidbrjbaka, fls ki`jkfbs juhbi, p`sltbki fk t`brrk y ktkmki5 t`bibi bf pbfl br`zkal, jki`d`bstki bxm`tkm`ýi, tbjoflrbs jusmufkrbs, kpktêk5 bxmbs`vl okobl5 kf sbhuial l tbrmbr aêk sb prbsbitk pkrëf`s`s `imljpfbtk y mli àstk uik jkrmck fbitk y tkjokfbkitb, krrkstrki fks pbzuûks, suspbiabi fk ruj`k, bi lmks`libs sb prbsbitk pkrëf`s`s ab j`bjorls kitbr`lrbs, prlofbjks pkrk lr`ikr y/l abdbmkr5 sb jki`d`bstk `imllra`ikm`ýi, pkrëf`s`s ab fk mlfk y abf trbi plstbr`lr, bi jkmcls bf pbib bstë dfëm`al.

JR_M JR _M@ÀFKH @ÀFKHL-TK L-TKJW JW@_LA @_LAB] B]JL JLAR AR] ] _LQR _LQRIA IAR] R]

QB_ QB_IB IB_L _LJL_A JL_A@AL @AL WL WL_ _ JR_M JR_M@ÀFKH @ÀFKHL L MB MB_M _MK K K FK M_ M_R^ R^

Fls ki`jkfbs bidbrjls p`brabi pbsl mlrplrkf y pbrjkibmbi bi pls`m`ýi abmþo`tl vbitrkf plr vkr`ls aêks bi fls pltrbrls5 kitbs ab jlr`r bst`rki bf mubffl, jki`d`bstki a`fktkm`ýi ab vbitkiks ikskfbs y lmufkrbs, fk jubrtb slorbv`bib plr uik pkrëf`s`s ab fls jþsmufls rbsp`rktlr`ls. Têk ab trkisj`s`ýi ]b trkisj`tb ab jkibrk jbmëi`mk, jba`kitb fk jlrabaurk ab fls ki`jkfbs `idbmtkals (hbibrkfjbit (hbibrkfjbitbb jurm`àfkhls), l plr bitr bitrkak kak ab skf`vk `idbmtkak bi fks cbr`aks cbr`aks ko`brtks l bi fk jbjorkik jumlsk. Qrktkj`bitl Il bx`stb. Wrld`fkx`s Bi zlik ab r`bshl vkmuikr mlitrk fk rko` rko`kk k tlals fls ki`jkfbs susm susmbpt`ofbs. bpt`ofbs. Mlitrlf ab fk plofkm`ýi ab vkjp`rls k trkvàs ab mkpturk. Wkrk fks pbrsliks, bv`tkr bf mlitkmtl mli ki`jkfbs qub prbsbitbi mljplrtkj`bitl kilrjkf.

]KI@AKA KI@JKF

J.T. NRKI JKIQ@FFK O_@LIB]

30

 

@.B.].Q.W. ‖MBDLW MKNKJK_MK‚

WKW@FLJKQL]@] (vbrruhk olv`ik) Bs uik bidbrjbaka mrýi`mk `idbmtlmlitkh`lsk, mkuskak plr Wkp`fljkv`rus, mli tujlrbs obi`hils y ab ikturkfbzk d`orlbp`tbf`kf, flmkf`zkals bi fk p`bf y bi fks jumlsks mli kpkr`bim`k ab rkm`jls mkrilsls l a`spbrsls. ]êitljks> Kpkrbmbi vbrruhks bi a`dbrbitbs pkrtbs abf mubrpl. Mukial sb prbsbitki bi fls pbzlibs, pubabi a`d`muftkr bf lrabûl, mkuskial jkst`t`s. Mukial fls pkp`fljks sb flmkf`zki bi fks pbzuûks bi bf bspkm`l `itbra`h`tkf, mln`ibtbs y tkflibs y pubabi prlvlmkr absab mlnbrks ckstk plstrkm`ýi. Têk ab trkisj`s`ýi Wlr mlitkmtl a`rbmtl b `ia`rbmtl.

TKMK MLI TB__RHK] BI BF MRBFFL

TKMK MLI TB__RHK] BI FK HFKIARFK JKJK_@K

trktkj`bitls, kfhuils jbim`likjl jbim`likjlss k mlit`iukm`ýi> Qrktkj`bitl> Bx`stbi hrki mkit`aka ab trktkj`bitls, Cbjltb Cbjl tbrk rkp` p`k> k> Bxtr Bxtrkb kbrr ?7 jf ab sk skih ihrb rb ab fk vbik vbik yu yuhu hufk fkrr y kpf` kpf`mk mkrr `i `ijb jba` a`kt ktkj kjbi bitb tb bi bf kimk vêk @@J, J, y fub fubhl hl rbpb rbpbt`r t`r = vbmb vbmbss mkak 8 aêk aêks. s.  Kutlvkmuik> Bxtrkbr jubstrks ab fks vbrruhks, jlfbr, d`ftrkr, `ikmt`vkr mli dlrjkf`ik y kpf`mkr vêk suomutëibk y rbpbt`r jës ab ? vbmbs abf Mfl Mflrloutkilf rloutkilf,, mljl plr bbnbjpfl nbjpfl TB__RTKM® TB__RTKM®,, TB__RHKF TB__RHKF® ® uskial ; jf/?7 eh W WT, T,  Rsl abf vêk ]M . Fks vbrruhk vbrruhkss mkbrëi ab fls ;2 ;2-47 -47 aêks. Bi vbr vbrruhks ruhks h`hkitb h`hkitbss kpf`mkr jës ab ? vbm vbmbs. bs. ab fls W W`rlpf `rlpfksj`m ksj`m`aks `aks k oksb ab A`kj A`kj`ikz`i `ikz`ikk mljl plr bbnbjp nbjpfl fl OB_ OB_BI@F BI@F k als als`s `s ab ;  Rsl ab jf/ ?7 eh WT, vê vêkk @J plr = vbmb vbmbss  Kpf`mkm`ýi ab Dlrjlf plr 2 aêks Ëm`al ]ufdþ ]ufdþr`ml, r`ml, fbnêk, i`trktl ab pfkt pfktk, k, i`trýhbil fêqu fêqu`al `al btm. Têk tlp`mkf  Kpf`mkm`ýi ab Ëm`al  Kjkrrb mli mr`i ab mkokffl Krbtb ab Kfkjorb a abb Mlorb bi lrbnk.  Wlibr ui Krbtb Wrld`fkx`s Mljprkr ki`jkfbs skils, bf`j`ikr ki`jkfbs bidbrjls, abs`idbmtkr bqu`pls b `istkfkm`libs, mlitrlf ab vbmtlrbs, vkmuikr. 

D@BO_B KDQ D@BO_B KDQL]K L]K (Hflslpbak) Bs uik bidbrjbaka `idbmm`lsk, dbor`f, khuak y juy mlitkh`lsk, prlaum`ak plr ui W`mlrikv`rus qub kdbmtk k fls ki`jkfbs ab pbzuûks pkrt`aks. Bstk bidbrjb bidbrjbaka aka bs ab kftl `jpkmtl pkrk fk prlaumm`ýi abo`al k su pltbim`kf ab prlpkhkm`ýi, rbstr`mm`li rbstr`mm`libs bs bi bf jbrmkal y bf `jpkmtl bmliýj`ml ibhkt`vl. ]êitljks Fk dlrjkm`ýi ab vbsêmufks, þfmbrks y ffkhks bi fk olmk, fbihuk, jlrrl, pktks y tbt`ffks. Cky absmkrhk ikskf y skf`vkm`ýi bxmbs`vk. Fks fbs`libs bi fks pktks lmurrbi bi bf ërbk ab fk okiak mlrlikr`k bitrb fks pbz pbzuûks. uûks. Fl Flss olv olv`ils `ils `i `idbmtkals dbmtkals prbsbitki d`borb, abpr`j`als, `imkpkmbs ab mljbr. Fk jkylrêk ab ki`jkfbs kdbmtkals sb rbmupbrki, pbrl qubaki k jbiual abo`f`tkals. Fk trkisj`s`ýi bs plr plab r vêk`idbmm`ýi a`rbmtk lfk`ia`rb `ia`rbmtk, mtk, fk pubrtk ab bitrk bitrkak ak bs a`hbst`vk ab trkisj`s`ýi yTêkrbsp`rktlr`k kftk. Fk pr`im`pkf dubitb mlidlrjki fls ki`jkfbs bi pbrêlal ab `imuokm`ýi l bidbrjls khuals. Mlit`bibi v`rus tlaks fks sbmrbm`libs y bxmrbm`libs. ]KI@AKA KI@JKF

J.T. NRKI JKIQ@FFK O_@LIB]

07

 

@.B.].Q.W. ‖MBDLW MKNKJK_MK‚

Qrktkj`bitl Il sb mlilmb mlilmb uik murkm murkm`ýi `ýi pkrk bstk bidbrjba bidbrjbaka. ka. Bf trktk trktkj`bitl j`bitl pkf`kt pkf`kt`vl `vl ab fk bidbrjbaka, mlis`stb sýfl bi kf`v`kr fls s`hils s`hils y sêitlj sêitljks> ks> - Kp Kpf` f`mk mkrr T T@L @LFB FBQK QK AB HBI HBIM@KI M@KIK Kk fks ffkhks y cbr`aks, - Kpf` f`mk mkrr vv`t `tkj kj`i `ikks p pkr krkk kyuak akrr k fk m`mktr`zkm`ýi ab fks jumlsks y p`bf, mljl T@HKIQLF® KAB, @IPKMLJ® , T@QKDL_QB®, 2-4 jf/ als`s als`s þi þi`mk, `mk, vêk @J pr prldui lduiak ak - Wr Wrlp lplr lrm` m`li likr krfb fb dl dlrr rrkn knbb ml mlrt rtka kal, l, kf kf`j `jbi bitl tlss ssuk ukvb vbs, s, yk qu qubb i ill pubabb mljb puba mljbrr btm. Wrld`fkx`s bstr`mtks jba`aks ab o`ls o`lsbh bhur ur`a `aka ka bi su d` d`im imk. k. ]u ilt`d`mkm`ýi bs lof`hktlr`k. Tkmuik.

BIMBDKFLWKQ@K B]WLIH@DL_JB OLT@IK (Bidbrjbaka ab fks Tkmks Flmks) bs uik bidb bidbrjba rjbaka ka mkus mkuskak kak plr pr`l pr`libs, ibs, y qu qubb sb puba pubabb trkis trkisj`t`r j`t`r k fl flss sbrb sbrbss cujki cujkils ls k trkv trkvàs às abf mlisujl mlis ujl ab pkrt pkrtbs bs ab ki`jk ki`jkfbs fbs `idb `idbmtka mtkals, ls, slorb tlal tlal tbn`al tbn`alss ibrv`l ibrv`lsls sls Bs uik bimbdkflp bimbdkflpktêk ktêk prlhrbs`vk, abhbibrkt`vk abhbibrkt`vk y dkt dktkf kf abf s`stbjk ibrv`l ibrv`lsl sl ab fls olv`ils jkylrbs jkylrbs ab = - 1 kûls ab baka baka.. Bf pbr`lal ab `imuokm`ýi bs fkrhl, bitrb 1 y 2 kûls bi prljba`l. Bs uik bidbrjbaka zlliýt`mk. Fk bimbdkflpktêk bsplih`dlrjb bsplih`dlrjb olv`ik (B (BBO) BO) l «bidbrjba «bidbrjbaka ka ab fks vkmks flmksµ bs uik bidbrjbaka juy rkrk rkrks. s. Fls pr`jb pr`jbrls rls mks mksls ls ab ki`jk ki`jkfbs fbs bidb bidbrjl rjlss sb abmfkr abmfkrkrli krli bi bf _b`i _b`ill Ri`al bi ;034 ;034.. ]êitljks Mljplrtkj`bitl ibrv`lsl l khrbs`vl, abprbs`ýi, c`pbrsbis`o`f`aka kf sli`al y kf tkmtl, mr`spkm`ýi, tbjoflrbs, pls`m`ýi kilrjkf, absmllra`ikm`ýi absmllra`ikm`ýi y a`d`muftka pkrk fbvkitkrsb ab fk pls`m`ýi ab rbplsl, pàra`ak ab pbsl, l a`sj`ium`ýi ab fk prlaumm`ýi fbmcbrk. Qrktkj`bitl Il bx`stb kmtukfjbitb i`ihþi trktkj`bitl i` vkmuik. Wrld`fkx`s T`h`fkim`k bspbmêd`mk ab fls mksls ab bidbrjbaka mfêi`mk iburlfýh`mk5 mlitrlfbs ab sbhur`aka pkrk fk `jplrtkm`ýi ab bspbm`bs ruj`kitbs bi p`b y ab sus prlaumtls, bf`j`ikm`ýi abf jktbr`kf bspbmêd`ml ab r`bshl (JB_> tbn`al mbrborkf l bsp`ikf) aurkitb bf skmr`d`m`l y prlmbskal ab fls mkikfbs5 prlc`o`m`ýi ab fk `imfus`ýi ab tbn`als JB_ bi fls mlimbitrkals pkrk olv`ils.

_@ILQ_K[RB@Q@] @IDBMM@L]K OLT@IK (@O_) Bs uik `idbmm`ýi mkuskak plr bf Cbrpbsv`rus olv`il t`pl ; (CTO ;) qub pubab prbsbitkrsb bi vkr`ks dlrjks, kdbmtkial k fls s`stbjks rbsp`rktlr rbsp`rktlr`l, `l, hbi`tkf y ibrv`lsl. Dlrjk rbsp`rktlr`k> bf pbr`lal ab `imuokm`ýi ab fk @O_ bsmlinuit`v`t`s, ab 2 k ;7 aêks, sbhu`al plr ]êitljks d`borb (17.2 k 1?·M), absmkrhk ikskf sbrlsk k jumlpurufbitk, skf`vkm`ýi, tls, `ikpbtbim`k, abprbs`ýi y oknk bi fk prlaumm`ýi fbmcbrk ab ki`jkfbs. •

•

Dlrjk hbi`tkf> bi fks jumlsks v`s`ofbs ab fk jbjorkik vkh`ikf sb losbrvki pbqubûks pþstufks mli absmkrhk jumlpurufbitk. jumlpurufbitk. Bf kolrtl pubab lmurr`r bitrb fk tbrmbrk y sbxtk sbjkik plstbr`lr k fk `idbmm`ýi pr`im`pkfjbitb bi vkmks mli prbûbz ab 2 k 3 jbsbs. Dlrjk ibrv`lsk> fk jbi`ihlbimbdkf`t`s lmurrb mljl rbsuftkal ab uik `idbmm`ýi bi ki`jkfbs nývbibs. Fls s`hils ab bstk bidbrjbaka iburlfýh`mk sli `imllra`ikm`ýi, tbjoflr jusmufkr, ktkx`k y mbhubrk qub `ivkr`kofbjbitb mliaumb k jubrtb.

Têk ab trkisj`s`ýi Bf @O_ sb trkisj`tb bi dlrjk a`rbmtk plr kbrlslfbs l plr mlitkmtl mli ki`jkfbs `idbmtkals, k pkrt`r ab sbmrbm`libs rbsp`rktlr`ks, lmufkrbs y abf trkmtl rbprlaumt`v rbprlaumt`vl. l. Bf v`rus tkjo`ài pubab sbr trkisj`t`al plr bf sbjbi aurkitb fk jlitk ikturkf l `isbj`ikm`ýi krt`d`m`kf. A`khiýst`ml Mli oksb k fls s`hils mfêi`mls, pktlfýh`mls y bp`abj`lfýh`mls, mli bf d`i ab rbkf`zkr ui a`khiýst`ml abd`i`t`vl sb rbqu`brb ab fks pruboks ab fkolrktlr`l. Qrktkj`bitl ]b rbmlj`biak trktkj`bitl pkrk mlitrlfkr `idbmm`libs sbmuiakr`ks, uskial kit`o`ýt`mls y subrls. Wrld`fkx`s Kiëf`s`s sbrlfýh`mls prbv`l k fk jlitk, vkmuikm`ýi y o`lsbhur`aka ]KI@AKA KI@JKF

J.T. NRKI JKIQ@FFK O_@LIB]

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@.B.].Q.W. ‖MBDLW MKNKJK_MK‚

FBRML]@] OLT@IK BI^LLQ@MK (F`idljktls`s, Fbumbj`k Olv`ik) Bs uik bidbrjbaka bidbrjbaka `idbmm`lsk mrýi`mk b `ikpkrbitb mkuska mkuskakk plr bf rbtrlv`rus rbtrlv`rus ab fk fbumbj`k olv`ik (OFT), ui rbtrlv`rus ab fk dkj`f`k _btrlv`r`akb ,

Wubab ffbhkr ffbhkr k `idbmtkr k ui bfbvka bfbvkall plrmbitknb ab ki`jkf ki`jkfbs bs abf cktl, p pbrl brl slfl ui oknl i iþjbrl þjbrl a abb bstls prbsbitki sêitljks mfêi`mls ab fk bidbrjbaka mkrkmtbr`zkak plr fk prbsbim`k ab tujlrbs (f`idlskrmljks (f`idlskrmlj ks l f`idljk jkf`hil) s`bial bstk dlrjk `rrbjba`kofbjbit `rrbjba`kofbjbitbb jlrtkf. ]êitljks Fls sêitljks mfêi`mls, mukial sb prbsbitki, abpbiabi ab fls ýrhkils kdbmtkals. Fls ki`jkfbs prbsbitki prbsbitki f`idlm`tl f`idlm`tls`s s`s pbrs`stbitb. Bf hkikal ml mli i f`idlskrm f`idlskrmljks ljks mks` s`bjpr s`bjprbb jubrb sþo`tkjbitb l bi sbjkiks l jbsbs abspuàs ab fk kpkr`m`ýi ab fls sêitljks mfêi`mls. Têk ab trkisj`s`ýi Têk `ktrlhài`mk, vbmtlr cbjktýdkhl cbjktýdkhl y trkisj`s`ýi ab jkarb k c`nl. Qrktkj`bitl Il bx`stb Wrld`fkx`s Mljprkr ki`jkfbs skils, mlitrlf sbrl sbrlfýh`ml fýh`ml bi bf cktl, bf`j`ikr k fls bidbrjls, mlitr mlitrlf lf ab vbmtlrbs cbjktýdkhls, cbjktýdkhls, ut`f`zkr uik khunk plr ki`jkf, bf`j`ikr tbribrls ab vkmks mli fbumls`s.

A@K__BK T@_KF OLT@IK (ATO) Fk a`krrbk v`rkf olv`ik (ATO) bs uik `idbmm`ýi abf hkikal olv`il mkuskak plr ui pbst`v`rus qub prbsbitk vkr`ks dlrjks mfêi`mks, absab mksls suomfêi`mls k mksls khuals. ]êitljks D`borb, a`krrbk, s`kflrrbk, pkrëf`s`s abf rujbi, mlinuit`v`t`s mlinuit`v`t`s y ibmrls`s abf tbrmbr përpkal, mlihbst`ýi y ufmbrkm`ýi ab fks jumlsks ab fk mkv`aka lrkf y fk fbihuk, ufmbrkm`libs ab fls lffkrbs y bf jlrrl. Cky jubrtb bjor`likr`k, rbkoslrm`ýi l kolrtl, abrjkt`t`s ibmrýt`mk y kflpbm`k. Bx`stb `idbmm`ýi pbrs`stbitb bi bf tbribrl ibliktl. Têk ab trkisj`s`ýi _bsp`rktlr`k y plr mli mlitkmtl tkmtl a`rbmtl a`rbmtl.. Il bx`stb ttrktkj`bitl rktkj`bitl bspbmêd`ml. Wrld`fkx`s Tkmuikr k fls tbribrls bitrb 4 y ;7 jbsbs ab baka y k fks vkmks il hbstkitbs. Bf`j`ikr k fls rbkmtlrbs y mljprkr ki`jkfbs f`orb ab fk bidbrjbaka.

]@IA_LJB _B]W@_KQL_@L OLT@IL ( Abd`i`m`ýi Bs uik bidbrjbaka juft`mkuskf qub kdbmtk fks vêks rbsp`rktlr`ks, mkuskak plr a`vbrsls khbitbs pktýhbils vêr`mls, okmtbr`kils, dþih`mls y pkrks`tkr`ls. ]êitljks D`borb, fbtkrhl, dkftk ab kpbt`tl, kokt`j`bitl kokt`j`bitl,, rbsp`rkm`ýi rëp`ak y supbrd`m`kf, tls (slilrk, sbmk l cþjbak), sbmrbm`ýi ikskf y lmufkr qub vvkk ab t`pl kmulsl, ckstk puru purufbitl fbitl `imfusl mli rb rbstls stls ab skihrb, skf`vkm`ýi bxmbs`vk, `imfusl fk jubrtb. Têk ab trkisj`s`ýi ]b trkisj`tb pr`im`pkfjbitb plr vêk kbrýhbik, plr mlitkmtl a`rbmtl b `ia`rbmtl plr kf`jbitl, khuk y lonbtls mlitkj`ikals. Kit`o`ýt`mls, kit``idfkjktlr`ls bstbrl`abls, orlimla`fktkalrbs, jumlfêt`mls, Qrktkj`bitl lrkfbs. rbc`arktkitbs Wrld`fkx`s Fk mfkvb pkrk fk il prbvbim`ýi ab bstb sêiarljb rbsp`rktlr`l bstë bi rbaum`r bf bstràs y vkmuikr.

?. Bidbrj Bidbrjbakabs bakabs mmkuskaks kuskaks plr okm okmtbr`ks tbr`ks   

FK JK]Q@Q@] JK]Q@Q@] ]B Q_KQK_K Q_KQK_K BI MKW@ MKW@QRFL QRFL AB L_ABÛL L_ABÛL FK JBQ_@Q@] JBQ_@Q@] ]B Q_KQK_K Q_KQK_K BI MKW@QRFL MKW@QRFL AB _BW_LARMM _BW_LARMM@LI. @LI. Fk LIDKFLDFBO@Q LIDKFLDFBO@Q@] @] ]B Q_KQK_K Q_KQK_K BI MKW@QRFL MKW@QRFL AB ]KI@AKA ]KI@AKA QB_IB_L]

 KIQ_KS (MK_ORIML OKMQB_@A@KIL) Bs uik bidbrjbaka bidbrjbaka `idbmm`lsk mkuskak plr fk okmtb okmtbr`k r`k B]WL_RFKAK Okm`ffus kitcrkm`s (Hrkj +), Bs uik bidbrj bidbrjbaka baka a abb mursl kkhua hual, l, kftk kftkjbit jbitbb mlit mlitkh`l kh`lsk sk y bs zlliýt`mk, qub kdbmtk pr`im`pkfjbitb k ruj ruj`kitbs `kitbs (ol (olv`ils, v`ils, llv`ils v`ils y mk mkpr`ils) pr`ils) y ltrks bbspbm`bs. spbm`bs. Fk okmt okmtbr`k br`k prla prlaumb umb tlx`iks sujkjbitb pltbitbs pltbitbs qub mk mkuski uski uik kftk tksk ab jlrtkf`aka jlrtkf`aka.. Bstbb okm Bst okm`fl `fl bs bim bimkps kpsuf ufkal kal y bs kik kikbrl brlo`l o`l y bi prb prbsbi sbim`k m`k abf lx lxêhb êhbil il,, ffkk okm okmtbr tbr`k `k prl prlau aumb mb ui uiks ks B]WL_K] sujkjbitb rb rbs`stbitbs s`stbitbs qub slor slorbv`vbi bv`vbi aur aurkitb kitb kûls bi bf sub subfl fl l bi bf pbfl ab fls ki`jkfbs `idbmtkals. Fks bsplrks pubabi pbibtrkr bi bf mubrpl ab ui ki`jkf plr `ihbst`ýi l `ickfkm`ýi l k trkvàs ab cbr`aks bi fk p`bf, kffê hbrj`iki y mkuski fk bidbrjbaka. ]KI@AKA KI@JKF

J.T. NRKI JKIQ@FFK O_@LIB]

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@.B.].Q.W. ‖MBDLW MKNKJK_MK‚

]êitljks Bf sêitljk jës mljþi bi ki`jkfbs bs fk jubrtb sþo`tk. Bf ëitrkx sb prbsbitk mljl `idbmm`ýi pbrkhuak l khuak bi fls olv`ils. Wubabi prbsbitkr d`borb, tbjoflrbs jusmufkrbs y a`d`muftka pkrk pkrk rbsp`rkr. Abspu Abspuàs às ab fk jubrtb, ssbb losbrvk skihrb ibhrk s`i mlkhufkr k tr trkvàs kvàs ab fls lr`d`m`ls mlrplrkfbs (olmk, kil, ikr`z) y il s`bjprb sb losbrvk fk r`h`abz plst jlrtbj. Têk ab trk trkisj`s isj`s`ýi `ýi Bf ëitrkx il sb `idbmtk a`rbmtkjbitb ab ki`jkfbs k ki`jkfbs, sb `idbmtk k trkvàs abf mlisujl ab kf`jbitls y khuk mlitkj`ikak mlitkj`ikak.. Qrktkj`bitl> Bf trktkj`bi Qrktkj`bitl> trktkj`bitl tl bi fks dksbs `i`m`kfbs ab fk bi bidbrjbaka dbrjbaka mlis`stb mlis`stb bi fk kpf`mkm`ýi ab WBI@M@F@IK]] vêk @.J. tkjo`ài sb bjpfbk QBQ_KM@MF@I WBI@M@F@IK QBQ_KM@MF@IK], K], kaj`i`strkal a`kr`kjbitb a`kr`kjbitb bi als`s kftks. Wrld`fkx`s Tkmuikr kf hkikal (olv`il, lv`il y mkpr`il) k pkrt`r ab fls 4 jbsbs ckstk fk baka kauftk, ? vbmbs fuhkr, kf kûl.kIltk> sb rbmlj`biak qub flsabki`jkfbs l bitbrrkals bisb bf j`sjl uik prlduia`aka jêi`jk ; jbtrljubrtls y kpf`mkrsbki mkf `im`ibrkals bi fk dlsk pkrk bv`tkr qub bidbrjbi ltrls ki`jkfbs y bf cljorb. Bf mkaëvbr il abob sbr ko`brtl, yk qub fk bxpls`m`ýi kf lxêhbil pbrj`t`rë qub fks okmtbr`ks dlrjbi bsplrks. BF ËI ËIQ_K Q_KS S ML MLJL JL K_ K_JK JK O@ O@LF LFLH LH@MK @MK

Fks bsplrks abf ëitrkx sli kf pkrbmbr uik ab fks jbnlrbs lpm`libs mljl krjks pkrk fk hubrrk o`lfýh`mk, pubabi prlaum`rsb dëm`fjbitb y sbr hukrakaks bi sbml y pbrjkibmbr kfjkmbikaks ab dlrjk v`kofb aurkitb aàmkaks, sb a`spbrski dëm`fjbitb plr plr bf k`rb y pubabi sbr `ickfkaks plr  trlpks `iabdbisks, pbrjkibm`bial bi t`brrk aurkitb jumcls kûls

QROB_MRFL]@] Bs uik bidbrjbaka zlliýt`mk zlliýt`mk,, ab mmkr krëm ëmtb tbrr mrýi`ml ab fls ki`jkfbs prlvlmkak plr uik okmtbr`k olv`s. ]b ffkjkak Jymlokmtbr`uj mkfmufk qub bi m`brtlsBfpkêsbs ck ckstk stk ui ;7 %ls`s‚ ab fls fls mksls ab tuobrmufl tuobrmufls`s s`s cujkik sli abo`als k fk tuobrmufls` tuobrmufls`s s olv`ik. iljorb ab ‖tuobrmuf ‖tuobrmufls`s‚ prlv`bib fls iýaufls, ffkjkals ‖tuoàrmufls‚, ‖tuoàrmufls‚, qub sb dlrjki bi fls hkihf`ls f`idët`mls abf ki`jkf kdbmtkal kdbm tkal.

]êitljks Wubabi tkrakr jbsbs l kûls bi kpkrbmbr, yk qub k vbmbs fk okmtbr`k pbrjkibmb bi bstkal fktbitb bi bf ki`jkf s`i absbimkabikr fk bidbrjbaka. Fls s`hils pubabi sbr abo`f`aka, pàra`ak ab kpbt`tl, pàra`ak ab pbsl, rbaumm`ýi ab prlaumm`ýi ab fbmcb, d`borb `itbrj`tbitb, tls sbmk, a`krrbk, hkihf`ls f`idët`mls khrkiakals.

WRFJLI AB OLT@IL MLI QROB_MRFL] HBIB_KF@^KAL] HBIB_KF@^KAL] BI ]R @IQB_@L_

Têk ab trkisj`s`ýi Fk vêk ab `idbmm`ýi cko`tukf bs fk rbsp`rktlr`k, rbsp`rktlr`k, plr `ickfkm`ýi ab fks hlt`tks `idbmtkaks qub ui ki`jkf bidbrjl ck bxpufskal bxpufskal kf tlsbr l kf rbsp`rkr (bf r`bshl bs supbr`lr supbr`lr s` bstëi bimbrrkals). Ltrk vêk ab `idbmm`ýi bs fk vêk a`hbst`vk> Fls tbribrls fkmtkitbs sb mlitkh`ki kf `ihbr`r fbmcb mruak prlmbabitb ab vkmks bidbrjks. Fl Flss ki`jkfbs `ih`brbi skf`vk y sbmrbm`libs a abf bf ki`jkf `idbmtkal bi mljbabrls l obobabrls. ]KI@AKA KI@JKF

J.T. NRKI JKIQ@FFK O_@LIB]

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@.B.].Q.W. ‖MBDLW MKNKJK_MK‚

A`khiýst`mll Wrubok ab fk tuobrmuf`ik. A`khiýst`m Qrktkj`bitl k fls ki`jkfbs `idb `idbmtkals mtkals bs rkrl, plrqu plrqubb kabjës abf pbf`h pbf`hrl rl ab mlitkh`l, mlitkh`l, rbsuftk juy mkrl y prlflihkal, y plrqub bf hrki lonbt`vl þft`jl bs brrka`mkr fk bidbrjbaka. • Fls ki`jkfbs `idbmtkals y pls pls`t`vls `t`vls k QROB_MR QROB_MRF@IK F@IK sb skmr`d skmr`d`mki. `mki. Wrld`fkx`s Bf jàtlal cko`tukf pkrk mlitrlfkr fk tuobrmufls`s mlis`stb bi uik prubok `ia`v`aukf ab abtbmm`ýi sbhu`ak abf skmr`d`m`l ab fls ki`jkfbs ki`jkfbs `idbmtkals. Wkstbur`zkm Wkstbur`zkm`ýi `ýi ab fk fbmcb ab ki`jkfbs `idbmtka `idbmtkals. ls.

O_RMBFL]@] Orumbffk sp.kfhuils Bs uik bidbrjbaka mkuskak plr uik okmtbr`k ffkjkak (Hrkj jkjêdbrls -) Kdbmtk k a`vbrsks bspbm`bs ab zlliýt`mk ki`jkfbs (lvbnks, mkorks, olv`ils, mbrals, mkokffls, pbrrls, jkr`ils y ki`jkfbs ki`jkfbs s`fvbstr s`fvbstrbs) bs) . Bstk okmtbr okmtbr`k `k ssbb uo`mk `itrkmbfufkrjbitb plr fl qub il bs pls`ofb bf`j`ikrfk abf lrhki`sjl mli bf usl ab kit`o`ýt`mls

]êitljks Ko Kolr lrtl tl bs bspl plit itki kibl bl bi bf þf þft` t`jl jl ttbr brm` m`ll ab fk hhbs bstk tkm` m`ýi ýi,, tkjo tkjo`à `ài i mku mkusk sk `i `idb dbrt rt`f `f`a `aka ka,, rbtbim`ýi pfkmbitkr`k, jlrtkf`aka ibliktkf y pbr`iktkf l abo`f`aka abf tbribrl, bi jkmcls mkusk lrqu`t`s ui`fktbrkf . Têk ab trkisj`s`ýi Bf ki`jkf `idbmtkal mlitkj`ik bf kjo`bitb mli fks sbmrbm`libs vkh`ikfbs, bf dbtl l bf kolrtl, kolrtl, qub sli kftkjbitb kftkjbitb mlitkj`ikitbs5 mlitkj`ikitbs5 fk fbmcb bs uik vêk vêk ab skf`ak ab fk okmtbr`k. okmtbr`k. Fks vkqu`ffks y vkmks skiks sb `idbmtki pr`im`pkfjbitb plr vêk a`hbst`vk, kf fkjbr sbmrbm`libs ab kolrtls, l mljbr pkstl mlitkj`ikal. Fks tbribrks pubabi mlitrkbr fk bidbrjbaka vêk trkspfkmbitkr`k. trkspfkmbitkr `k. Fks vkqu`ffks sli jës sbis`ofbs qub vkmks. Cbjorks hbstkitbs sli jës prlpbisks. A`khiýst`ml Qljk ab jubstrk ab skihrb y biv`kr kf fkolrktlr`l. Wrubok ab rlsk ab obihkfk. Qrktkj`bitl Il cky trktkj`bitl. ]b abob skmr`d`mkr kf ki`jkf pls`t`vl.

DBQL BQL KOL_Q L_QKAL KAL WL_ WL_ O_RM O_RMBF BFL] L]@] @] OLT OLT@IK @IK

TKMR TK MRIK IK _O2 _O2; WK_ WK_K TKM TKMRIK RIK_ OLT OLT@IL @IL] CBJ BJO_ O_K K]

ki`jkfbs skils mli rbsuftkals ibh ibhkt`vl kt`vl k fk bidbrjbaka. Bi kfhuils pkêsbs sb Wrld`fkx`s Mljprkr ki`jkfbs vkmuik mli vkmuik _O _O2;, 2;, kabjës a abob bob bf`j`ikrsb mukitl kitbs fls ki`jkfbs `idbmtkals. Iltk> mljl p prbmkum`ýi rbmkum`ýi usb vb vbst`jbitk st`jbitk ab prl prltbmm`ýi tbmm`ýi (hukitbs, jksmkr`ffks) kf jki jki`pufkr `pufkr tbn`al tbn`al rbprlaumt`vll (ks`st`bial bf pkrtl, trktkj`bitls `itrkutbr`ils). ]`bjprb fëvbsb fks jkils. rbprlaumt`v

FBWQL]W@_L]@] Bs uik bidbrjbaka okmtbr`kik zlliýt`mk zlliýt`mk,, kdbmtk k jumcks bspbm`bs ki`jkfbs, aljàst`mks y s`fvbstrbs y pubab kmm`abitkfjbitb ffbhkr kf cljorb, mkuskak plr Fbptlsp`rk sp. (hrkj +). Bi bf hkikal vkmuil, vkmuil, sb jki`d`bstk mli ibdr`t`s `itbrst`m`kf, `itbrst`m`kf, kibj`k, jkst`t`s y bf kolrtl bi fk jkylrêk ab fks bspbm`bs abf hàibrl. ]êitljks Fls sêitljks vkrêki, abpbia`bial ab fks bspbm`bs> d`borb, kilrbx`k, a`krrbk, mlinuit`v`t`s, `idbrt`f`aka, kolrtl, rbtbim`ýi pfkmbitkr`k, cbjlhflo`iur`k, kibj`k, `mtbr`m`k, khkfkmt`k, sêitljks ibrv`lsls, jlj`d`mkm`ýi y jkmbrkm`ýi bi mbrals. plr ki`jkfbs plr plrtkalrbs tkalrbs qub t`bibi fks okmtbr`k okmtbr`kss kflnkaks bi bf r`ûýi y Têk ab trkisj`s`ýi A`rbmtl plr sb bxpufski plr jba`l ab fk lr`ik. @ia`rb @ia`rbmtl mtl k trkvàs abf kf`jbitl y kh khuk uk mlitkj`ikak. mlitkj`ikak. ]KI@AKA KI@JKF

J.T. NRKI JKIQ@FFK O_@LIB]

01

 

@.B.].Q.W. ‖MBDLW MKNKJK_MK‚

Qrktkj`bitl Fls kit`o`ýt`mls `ia`mkals sli pbi`m`f`ik, bstrbptlj`m`ik bstrbptlj`m`ik y a`c`arlbstr a`c`arlbstrbptlj`m`ik. bptlj`m`ik.   

WBIM@TBQ® WBIWB I-]Q ]Q_B _BW W? ?7/ 7/?7 ?7 MLJ LJO O@-E -EB BF 17

> ; jf/17 eh WT/ v`k @J ………s` bs ibmbskr`l rbpbt`r k fls 1 aêks. >;j jff / ? ?2 2 eehh W WT/ T/v` v`kk @@J… J……… ……au aurk rkit itbb = =-1 -1 aê aêks ks.. > ; jf / ?2 eh WT/v T/v`k @J……….a .au urk rkit itbb =-1 a`k `ks. s.

A@TB_]L] KIQ@O@LQ@ML] AB R]L TBQB_@IK_@L K OK]B AB WBI@M@F@IK P B]Q_BWQLJ@M@IK

Wrld`fkx`s Tkmuikr, mlitrlfkr rlbalrbs, arbikr ërbks `iuiakaks, rbshukrakr kf`jbitls oknl mlia`m`libs c`h`ài`mks, ut`f`zkr bqu`pls ab o`lsbhur`aka.

QÀQKIL> Bs uik bidbrjbaka bidbrjbaka mkuskak pl plrr uik okmtb okmtbr`k r`k kikbrlo`k ffkjkak Mflstr`a`uj tbtki`  (hr (hrkj kj +) +),, qu qubb kdbmtk kf hkikal, pr`im`pkfjbitb bqu`ils y ltrks bspbm`bs `imfuybial k fls cujkils. Fk okmtbr`k abf tàtkil sb bimu bimubitrk bitrk pr`im`pkfjbit pr`im`pkfjbitbb bi bf subf subfll y bi bf trkmtl hhkstrl`itbst kstrl`itbst`ikf. `ikf. Fk `idb `idbmm`ýi mm`ýi llmurr murrb b imuk mukial cky cbr` cbr`aks ko`brtks tks y mlia`m ml ia`m`lib kikbr kikbrýo`mk ýo`mks kprlp kprlp`kak Fks okmtbr`ks okmt br`ks p pbrjk brjkibmb ibmbi y ial sb juf juft`pf t`pf`mki `mkiaks bi ko`br bbff tbn` tbn`al al ibm ibmrls rlskal kal`libs abs ffks ks cbr cbr`ak `akss ys bs kffê`kaks5 bi s5 ali aliab ab f`obrki fk iburltlx`ik qub kf sbr koslro`ak plr fls ibrv ibrv`ls `ls bs trkisplr trkisplrtkak tkak ckstk fk jàaufk bsp`ikf aliab mkusk tàtkils prlhrbs`v prlhrbs`vls. ls.

QB_IB_K MLI ]ÊIQLJK] AB QBQKIL, LO]B_TB FK W_LQ_R]@ÝI ABF QB_MB_ WK_WKAL

sêitljks bitrb ?-= aêks (bi fk btkpk rëp`ak) l ab ;-? sbjkiks (btkpk fbitl) fbitl).. ]êitljks Kpkrbmbi sêitljks Wr`jbrl kpkrbmb fk r`h`abz jusmufkr jusmufkr (mubffl y bxtrbj`a bxtrbj`akabs), kabs), jës tkrab kpkrbmbi fls jlv`j`bitls tbtëi`mls (mfýi`mls rbpbt`t rbpbt`t`vls), `vls), sb losbrvk uik prltrus`ýi abf tbrmbr përpkal, përpkal, pt`kf`sjl (skf`vkm`ýi bxmbs`vk), bxm`tkm`ýi khuak kitb ru`als. Bi fk btkpk d`ikf lmks`lik fk r`h`abz jusmufkr s`stàj`mk, mkfkjorbs y jubrtb plr a`d`muftka a`d`muftkabs bs rbsp`rktlr`ks. Têk ab trkisj`s`ýi Fk okmtbr`k abf tàtkil pbibtrk kf mubrpl k trkvàs ab cbr`aks, plr bnbjpfl, aurkitb fkolrbs ab pkrtl, m`ruhêks jbilrbs, btm. Qrktkj`bitl Fkvkr fk cbr`ak mli khuk lx`hbikak y kpf`mkr kit`o`ýt`mls y sbakitbs.

]KI@AKA KI@JKF

J.T. NRKI JKIQ@FFK O_@LIB]

02

 

@.B.].Q.W. ‖MBDLW MKNKJK_MK‚ •

• •

Bf tlxl`ab tbtëi`ml tbtëi`ml pbrj`tb pbrj`tb fk `ijui`zkm`ýi `ijui`zkm`ýi kmt`vk, sb abob mlflmkr mlflmkr k ki`jkfbs qub cki sudr`al cbr`aks l prlmbsls qu`rþrh`mls. Bi mksl ab prbsbitkrsb fk bidbrjbaka mlflmkr fk kit`tlx`ik tbtëi`mk mkak ;? clrks. Kpf`mkr kit`o`ýt`mls ab kjpf`l bspbmtrl y trktkj`bitl ab slplrtb

Wrld`fkx`s Abs`idbmm`ýi ab cbr`aks b `istrujbitkf qu`rþrh`ml, kpf`mkm`ýi ab tlxl`abs tbtëi`ml. Fls mkaëvbrbs ab ki`jkfbs jubrtls plr tàtkil, abobi sbr bitbrrkals k uik prlduia`aka ab ;.2 j, `im`ibrkals y plstbr`lrjbitb kpf`mkr mkf. Bf pbrslikf `ivlfumrkal abob rbm`o`r bf trktkj`bitl kit`tbtëi`ml ab jkibrk lof`hktlr`k y su rbdubrzl. Mflstr`a`uj r`a`uj mckuvlb` mckuvlb` (Hrkj +) MK_ORIML ]@IQLJËQ@ML> Bf khbitb bt`lfýh`ml bs okmtbr`k Mflst

[ub bs kbrlo`l bstr`mtl, jýv`f, il mkpsufkal Wrlaumb 1 t`pls ab tlx`iks> kfdk, obtk, hkjjk y abftk, qub sli fks mkuskitbs ab fk jubrtb abf ki`jkf. ]`bial ]`bial fk kfdk kfdk fk ab jkylr jkylr plabr pktýhbil Bs uik bidbrjbaka qub ktkmk pr`im`pkfjbitb k fls ki`jkfbs nývbibs, qub sb bimubitrk bi oubi bstkal ab mkribs5 mkribs5 hbibrkfjbitb ;-? ;-? kûls ab baka baka,, kuiqub tkjo tkjo`ài `ài kdbmtk k fls ki`jk ki`jkfbs fbs kauftls. Bstk bidbrjbaka bidbrjbaka sb mkrkm mkrkmtbr`zk tbr`zk plr mku mkuskr skr kilrbx`k (d (dkftk kftk ab kpbt kpbt`tl), `tl), d`borb bfbvkak y bs ab mursl khual. ]b pubab losbrvkr mlnbrk y bs mkrkmtbrêst`ml qub ckyk c`imckzýi bi fks zliks aliab cky hrkiabs jksks jusmufkrbs, mlj mljll bi bf jusfl y p`brik. Bstk Bstkss c`imckzlibs sli alflrlsk alflrlsks, s, mrun`bitbs, mrbp`tkitbs5 kf pkskr fk jkil plr fk supbrd`m`b subik mljl s` abitrl cuo`brk olfsks pfëst`mks, fl mukf bs plr fk prbsbim`k ab hksbs abitrl ab fk p`bf. Fls ki`jkfbs mlitrkbi fk bidbrjbaka k trkvàs ab cbr`aks, mkstrkm`libs, pkr`m`libs l vkmuikm`l vkmuikm`libs ibs `imlrrbmtks. Mukial fk bidbrjbaka sb abtbmtk k t`bjpl, bf trktkj`bitl jës bdbmt`vl bs k oksb ab Wbi`m`f`iks vêk bialvbilsk y tkjo`ài a`rbmtkjbitb bi fk pbr`dbr`k ab fk fbs`ýi, qub rbaumb fk prlpkhkm`ý prlpkhkm`ýi, i, kuiqub fls tbn`als kdbmtkals mks` s`bjprb sb absprbiabi. Fk jbnlr prbvbim`ýi bs fk `ijui`zkm`ýi ab tlals fls ki`jkfbs mli OKMQB_@IK OKMQB_@IK Q_@WFB, k pkrt`r ab fls = jbsbs ab baka

]BWQ@MBJ@K CBJL__ËH@MK> Bf khbitb bt`lfýh`ml bs fk

Wkstburbff Wkstb urbffk k ju juftlm`a ftlm`ak k ((Hrkj Hrkj -) -)..

Bstk bidbrjbaka bs mlilm`ak tkjo`ài mljl d`borb abf trkisplrtb trkisplrtb y kdbmtk kf s`stbjk rbsp`rktlr`l. Fls ki`jkfbs qub mlitrkbi fk bidbrjbaka bstëi abpr`j`als, kilràx`mls, mli d`borb ab 17 k 1; ¾M, sbmrbm`ýi ikskf juml-purufbitk y rbsp`rkm`ýi `rrbhufkr. Ab il ckobr ui trktkj`bitl, bf ki`jkf jubrb plr ibujliêk y sclme. Bstk bidbrjbaka sb pubab prbvbi`r, bv`tkial bf ckm`ikj`bitl abf hkikal aurkitb fls trkisplrtbs k fkrhk a`stkim`k, mkjo`ls orusmls bi fk kf`jbitkm`ýi y pbrj`t`àialfls obobr khuk. Qkjo`ài sb pubab bv`tkr `ijui`zkial k fls ki`jkfbs uils ;7 aêks kitbs ab su bjokrqub mli OKMQB_@I OKMQB_@IK K Q_@WFB. Bf trktkj`bitl abob `i`m`krsb rëp`akjbitb, kpf`mkial B]Q_BWQLJ@M@IK l QBQ_KM@MF@IK], vêk @.J., aurkitb uils trbs aêks sbhu`als. Fk rbmupbrkm`ýi abf ki`jkf bs rëp`ak. sbpt`muj (Hrkj +) okm bt`lfýh`ml bf Mflstr`a`uj okmtb tbr`k r`k qubpl sbr > Bf khbitb BABJK JKF@HIL bimubitrki bi bf jba`l kjo`bit kjo`bitb b y bi bfbstuol a`hbst`vl. Fk bidbrjbak bidbrjbaka a sb mkrkmtbr`zk plr

prbsbitkr uik `idfkjkm`ýi babjktlsk bi fls tbn`als suomutëibls y bs ab mkrëmtbr il mli mlitkh tkh`ls `lskk. Wubab sbr khuak y jlrtkf. jlrtkf. Fk okmtbr`k pbibtrk kf lr lrhki`sjl hki`sjl k trkvàs ab cbr`a cbr`aks ks prlduiaks qub sb mlitkj`iki mli cbmbs l t`brrk5 kuiqub tkjo`ài pubab bx`st`r `idbmm`ýi BIAÝHBIK, bs abm`r k pkrt`r ab bsplrks prbsbitbs bi bf `itbst`il l bstýjkhl ab fls ki`jkfbs. Bi bf puitl puitl ab `idbmm`ýi cky uik `idfkjkm`ý `idfkjkm`ýi i babjktlsk (mkf`bitb y a alflrlsk) lflrlsk) rkrk vbz mrbp`tkit mrbp`tkitb. b. Cky prbsb prbsbim`k im`k ab d`b d`borb orb y tlxb tlxbj`k. j`k. Fks fbs` fbs`libs libs sb bxt`b bxt`biabi iabi k jusm jusmufl uflsbs sbs prýx prýx`jls, `jls, prb prbsbit sbitëial ëialsb sb mlnbrks5 fk jubrtb sslorbv`bib lorbv`bib k fks ?1 ” 13 clr clrks. ks. Bf tr trktkj`bitl ktkj`bitl mlis`stb bi fk kpf`mkm`ý kpf`mkm`ýi i ab kit`o`ýt`mls mljl fk Wbi`m`f`ik y prbvbi`r jba`kitb fk `ijui`zkm`ýi mli OKMQB_@IK Q_@WFB Q_@WFB.. bidbrjbaka rjbaka mlitkh`lsk mlitkh`lsk,, fk pba pbabr brkk l plalabrjkt`t`s bs ui prlmbsl WBAB_K]> kuiqub il bs uik bidb `idbmm`lsl qub kdbmtk k fk pbzuûk ab fls vkmuils, hbibrkfjbitb abo`al k fk kmm`ýi s`iàrh`mk ab als bspbm`bs okmtbr`kiks, Duslokmtbr`uj ibmrlpculruj y A`mcbflokmtbr ilalsus,. Bx`stbi m`brtls dkmtlrbs dkvlrbmbalrbs qub mlitr`ouybi k lr`h`ikr fk fbs`ýi `i`m`kf ab fk pbzuûk. Bstls dkmtlrbs sb a`v`abi bi `itrêis`mls (rkzk, sbxl, baka, `ia`v`aul) y bxtrêisbmls (cujbaka ab fls flmkfbs, tbjpbrkturk, tbjpbrktur k, kf`jbitkm`ýi, mlia`m`libs ab fk bxpfltkm`ýi, trkujkt`sjls, btm). ]KI@AKA KI@JKF

J.T. NRKI JKIQ@FFK O_@LIB]

04

 

@.B.].Q.W. ‖MBDLW MKNKJK_MK‚

Fk bidbrjbaka mfêi`mk sb mkrkmtbr`zk plr uik `idfkjkm`ýi, ab lflr pþtr`al mkrkmtbrêst`ml, sbhu`al ab fk ibmrls`s ab fls tbn`als bp`aàrj`mls ab fk pbzuûk, qub pubabi ffbvkr mlis`hl bf absprbia`j`bitl abf mksml. Bf pkabm`j`bitl ab fk WBAB_K mliffbvk k ui alflr `itbisl bi fk bxtrbj`aka abo`al k fk prbs`ýi qub prlaumb bf prlmbsl `idfkjktlr`l bi fk pbzuûk. Mljl mlisbmubim`k fls ki`jkfbs pubabi ffbhkr k mkj`ikr mli fls mkrpls l `imfusl sb jkit`bibi bmckals, s` sli fks als bxtrbj`akabs fks kdbmtkaks. Kfhuiks vbmbs ffbhki k mljbrsb fks pbzuûks. Bi bstks m`rmuistkim`ks ab il fbvkitkrsb il pubabi kf`jbitkrsb y plstbr`lrjbitb plstbr`lrjbitb jubrbi. Bf trktkj`bitl trktkj`bitl tlp tlp`mkf `mkf mlis`stb bi fkvkr fk pbzuûk mli sufdktl a abb mlorb y fubhl kpf`mkr JKQKO@MCB_K®, MK]MLF®, MR_KO@MCB_K-ID® btm. slorb fk supbrd`m`b supbrd`m`b55 pkrbitbrkfj pkrbitbrkfjbitb bitb sb abob kpf`mkr B]Q_BWQLJLIQ® ý WBI-]Q_BW® vêk @J, aurkitb =-2 aêks5 bf trktkj`bitl ab kplyl mlis`stb bi kpf`mkr T@HKIQLF®, T@HKIQLF®, pkrk rbhbibrkr fk p`bf5 kabjës kpkrtkrfl k ui kjo`bitb sbml. Fls prl prlofbj ofbjks ks ab `i `idbmm dbmm`libs `libs ab pkt pktks ks `imf `imfuyb uybi i iujb iujbrlsk rlskss bt`l bt`lflhê flhêks ks qub sb sb vbr vbrëë bi mkp mkpêtuf êtufls ls plstbr`l plst br`lrbs rbs jës kvki kvkizkal zkals, s, fk fkss ltrk ltrkss bidb bidbrjba rjbakabs kabs qub kdbm kdbmtki tki k fk fkss pb pbzuûk zuûkss sli>      

Fkj`i`t`s l Wlal Fkj`i`t`s Wlalabrj abrjkt`t kt`t`s `s ksàp ksàpt`mk t`mk a`dusk Dfbjýi @itbra`h`tkf Abrjkt`t`s @itbra`h`tkf Abrjkt`t`s A`h`tkf. C`pbrpfks`k @itbra`h`tkf Rfmbrk Qêp`mk.

AB_JKQ@Q@] @IQB_A@H@QKF

RFMB_K AB ^RBFK

AB_JKQ@Q@] A@H@QKF

AB_JKQLD@QL]@] (Q@ÛK]) > Bi fls ruj`kitbs fk abrjktld`tls`s bstëi mkuskaks pr`im`pkfjbitb plr clihls abf hbibrl J`mrlsplruj, Qr`mclpcytli vbrrumlsuj, k vbmbs plr Qr`mclpc`tli jbitkhrlpcytbs sb abskrrlffki bicþjbals supbrd`m`by lsmurls. ab fk p`bf. mli drbmubim`k bi ki`jkfbs nnývbibs ývbibs yqub bi bstkofl bstkofls s mkf`bitbs, Fk Lmurrb bidbrjba bidbrjbaka ka jkylr pubab

kdbmtkr tkjo`ài tkjo`ài kf cljorb (zllils`s), mljl k hhkikabrls, kikabrls, lra lrabûkalrbs, bûkalrbs, vbt vbtbr`ikr`ls br`ikr`ls btm. Fk `idbmm`ýi sb bxpkiab ab jlal mbitrêduhl dlrjkial pfkmks m`rm m`rmufkrbs. ufkrbs. Fks pf pfkmks kmks murski mli pàra`ak ab pbfl, pbrl s`i prur`tl. Fks bsplrks pbrjkibmbi pbrjkibmbi v`kofbs aur aurkitb kitb kûls bi nëqu`jks, nëqu`jks, bsmlo`ffks y mbrmls ab fls mlrrkfbs, mlrrkfbs, rkzýi plr fk mukf bf prlofbjk subfb pbraurkr bi ui cktl mlis`s s`stb tb pr`jb pr`jbrl rl bi rb rbt`r t`rkr kr fks mmlst lstrks rks ml mli i mu`a mu`aka kall y fub fubhl hl qu qubjk bjkrfk rfks, s, Q_KQKJ@BIQL> mli sbhu`akjbitbb fk kpf`mkm`ýi tlp`mkf k oksb ab T sbhu`akjbit T@LFBQK @LFBQK AB HB HBIM@KIK IM@KIK,, mljl ]ki`tlf®, M Mksmlf®, ksmlf®, Jktko`mcbrk®,, Murko`mc Jktko`mcbrk® Murko`mcbrk®. brk®. Fk kpf`mkm`ýi pkrb pkrbitbrkf itbrkf sb bjpfbk mukial fk `ivks`ýi ab fk t`ûk bs jks`vkk pkr jks`v pkrkk fl mmukf ukf sb bjpf bjpfbk bk jb jba`mk a`mkjbit jbitls ls k oksb ab kit`o kit`o`ýt`m `ýt`mls ls ml mljl jl fk H_@] H_@]BLD BLDRFT@ RFT@IK, IK, I@]QKQ@IK, btm. Fk Hr`sbldufv`ik bi olv`ils olv`ils sb ck rbm rbmljbi ljbiakal akal bbi i als`s ab ?2h/ ?2h/27Eh 27Eh.. ab pbsl ml mlrplr rplrkf, kf, plr vvêk êk lrkf,, jbz lrkf jbzmfka mfkall ml mli i su kkf`jbi f`jbitl, tl, a`kr`kjbi a`kr`kjbitb tb p plr lr u ui i pb pbrêla rêlall qu qubb pu pubab bab vkr` vkr`kr kr bitr bitrbb ?-1 sbjk sbjkiks, iks, plr fl qub bstb trktkj`bitl trktkj`bitl bs juy prlflihka prlflihkall fl mukf fl ckmb juy mlstl mlstlsl. sl.

]KI@AKA KI@JKF

J.T. NRKI JKIQ@FFK O_@LIB]

08

 

@.B.].Q.W. ‖MBDLW MKNKJK_MK‚

FB]@LIB] FB]@L IB] KF_BA KF_BABAL_ BAL_ AB L LNL] NL] MKR]KA MKR]KAL] L] W WL_ L_ CL CLIHL] IHL] AB FK Q@ K

Rik t`iturk ab ylal bs ui trktkj`bitl trktkj`bitl juy mljþ mljþi i pkrk fk t`ûk bi bf hkikal. ]b pubabi ut`f`zkr tkjo`ài tkjo `ài trkt trktkj`bi kj`bitls tls mljo mljo`ikal `ikalss ab ylal plv`alik kf 2% (TK (TKIL ILA A@I @IB® B®)) pl plrr ks kspb pbrs rs`ý `ýi, i, jlnkial o`bi fk tltkf`aka tltkf`aka abf ki` ki`jkf jkf vkr`ks vbmbs kf aêk. Bi kfhuils mksls mksls fk Q@ÛK abskpkrbmb mukia mukiall k fls ki`jkfbs sb skm skmki ki abf bstkofl y sb bx bxplibi plibi kf slf. Fks pr`im`pkfbs jba`aks ab mlitrlf sli bf k`sfkj`bitl ab fls ki`jkfbs bidbrjls y fk abs`idbmm`ýi ab jktbr`kfbs b `istkfkm`libs (dlr (dlrjlf, jlf, yla ylal, l, fbnêk btm) pkr pkrkk bv`tkr fk trki trkisj`s`ý sj`s`ýi i ab fk bidbrjbaka k fls ki`jkfbs skils.

 KIQ@O@ÝQ@ML] Bf tàrj`il Kit`o`ýt`ml, Kit`o`ýt`ml, prlv`bib abf hr hr`bh `bhll kit` s`hi`d`mk "bi mlitrk" +  o`ls , v`ak". ]li sus sustki tkim`k m`kss quêj`mks ikturkfbs ikturkfbs prlaum`a prlaum`akk plr ui sbr v`v v`vll l tkjo` tkjo`ài ài sli abr`vkal abr`vkalss s`itàt`m s`itàt`mls, ls, qub k oknks mlimbitr mlim bitrkm`li km`libs bs jk jktk tk (k (kmm`ýi mm`ýi okmt okmtbr`m br`m`ak) `ak) l `jp` `jp`ab ab bf mrbm mrbm`j`bi `j`bitl tl ((kmm` kmm`ýi ýi okmtbr`l okmtbr`lstët` stët`mk) mk) ab m`brtks mfksbs a abb j`mrllrhki`s j`mrllrhki`sjls. jls. Ilrjkfjbitb ui kit`o`ýt`ml, bs ui khbitb `ildbis`vl pkrk fls ki`jkfbs, kuiqub k vbmbs pubab prlaum`rf prla um`rfbb uik rbkmm rbkmm`ýi `ýi kavbr kavbrsk sk kf jba`mkjb jba`mkjbitl itl l pubab kdbmt kdbmtkr kr su dflr dflrkk okmtbr` okmtbr`kik kik ilr ilrjkf. jkf.

Wr`im`p`ls y Abd`i`m`libs tàrj`il kit`o`ýt`ml sb rbd`brb  K.  Kit`o`ýt`mls y khbitbs [u`j`ltbrkpàut`mls - Bf tà bstr`mtkjbitb k suostkim`ks ab lr`hbi o`lfýh`ml, j`bitrks qub bf tàrj`il khbitb qu`j`ltbrkpàut`ml sb rbd`brb k ui mljpubstl mljpubstl quêj`ml s`itàt`ml. K Kmtukfjbit mtukfjbitb, b, fk a`st`im`ýi bitrb bstls tàrj`ils sb ck vbi`al olrrkial, abo`al k qub fls iubvls "kit`o`ýt`mls" sli rbkfjbitb prlaumtls o`lfýh`mls jla`d`mkals quêj`mkjbitb, l sli prlaumtls o`lfýh`mls quêj`mkjbitb s`itbt`zkals. Fls tàrj`ils hbiàr`mls pkrk rbdbr`rils tkitl k fls kit`o`ýt`mls, mljl k fls khbitbs qu`j`ltbrkpàut`mls qu`j`ltbrkpà ut`mls sli kit`j`mrlo`kils l khbitbs kit`j`mrlo`kils. kit`j`mrlo`kils.

O. ]bfbmt`v`aka ” Qlals fls khbitbs kit`-j`mrlo`kils t`bibi QLS@M@AKA ]BFBMQ@TK ckm`k fks okmtbr`ks jës qub qub ckm`k bf c cuàspba, uàspba, bstk tlx`m`aka sbf sbfbmt`vk bmt`vk qub a abob bob sbr supbr supbr`lr `lr pkrk fls j`mrlo`ls qub pkrk fls fls ki`jkfbs. Bs àstk mkrkmtbrêst mkrkmtbrêst`mk `mk fk qub a`st`ihub k fls kit kit`o`ýt`mls `o`ýt`mls ab fls abs`idbmtkitbs. kit`o`ýt kit`o`ýt`mls `mls sbs`mkt mktbhlr`zki bhlr`zki ml mljl jlbfokmtbr`m`aks bstls M . Mktbhlrêks ab fls Kit`o`ýt`mls jktki k fks okmtbr`ks susmbpt`ofbs l” Fls okmtbr`lstët`mls bst bstls ls `ic `ic`obi `obi mr mrbm`j bm`j`bitl `bitls`ab fk fkss okmtbr`ks. K mlit`iukm`ýi, sb ak uik rbfkm`ýi a abb fk mktbhlrêk ab fls fls pr`im`pkfbs kit kit`o`ýt`mls> `o`ýt`mls> ]KI@AKA KI@JKF

J.T. NRKI JKIQ@FFK O_@LIB]

03

 

@.B.].Q.W. ‖MBDLW MKNKJK_MK‚

OKMQB_@L]QËQ@ML]> sb a`mb ksê ab fls fls khbitbs khbitbs kit`j`mrlo`kil kit`j`mrlo`kilss qub prlau prlaumbi mbi @IC@O@M@ @IC@O@M@ÝI ÝI abf mrbm`j`bitl ab fks okmtbr`ks, l su juft`pf`mkm`ýi, pbrl il fls abstruyb. Wlr bnbjpfl> Qbtrkm`f`iks Q`fls`ik Q`kjdbi`mlf Lx`tbtrkm`mf`ik Mflrtbtrkm`mf`iks Mflrkidbi`mlf

Br`trlj`m`ik Bsp`rkj`m`ik Alx`m`mf`ik Mf`iakj`m`ik F`imlj`m`ik ]ufdlikj`aks

OKMQB_@M@AK] > ]li fls khbitbs kit`j`mrlo`kils qub sb mkrkmtbr`zki plr mkuskr kmm`libs jlrtkfbs, mukial bitrki bi mlitkmtl mli fls hàrjbibs, bs abm`r AB]Q_RPBI k fls j`mrllrhki`sjls. ]li k oksb ab> Wbi`m`f`iks Bstrbptlj`m`iks Iblj`m`ik Ekikj`m`ik Jbtrli`akzlf

Hbitkj`m`ik Mbdkfbx`i Qr`jbtrlp`i Durkzlf`alik, [u`ilfliks btm.

A. Qbrkp` Qbrkp`kk ab Mljo` Mljo`ikm`ý ikm`ýi> i> Fk kit`o`lt`mltbr kit`o`lt`mltbrkp`k kp`k mljo`ika mljo`ikak, k, bs fk ut ut`f`zkm`ýi `f`zkm`ýi ab jë jëss ab ui khbitb kit`okmtbr`kil bi bf trktkj`bitl ab uik bidbrjbaka `idbmm`lsk., ousmkial bf bdbmtl ]@IB_H@ML l KA@Q@TL ab fls kit`o`ýt`mls. Bstk Bstk mljo`ikm`ýi sb usk bi mksls bspbm`kfbs, mljl> l l l l l l

Bi `idbmm`libs plr vkr`ls t`pls ab okmtbr`ks, l kujbitkr bf bspbmtrl abf trktkj`bitl. Wkrk `jpba`r l rbtrkskr bf surh`j`bitl ab mbpks rbs`stbitbs mljl>   Wsbualjlik kbruh`ilsk Wkrk supbrkr fk tlfbrkim`k okmtbr`kik Wkrk bv`tkr bf abskrrlff abskrrlffll ab rbs`stbim`k kf dërjkml Wkrk rbaum`r fk tlx`m`aka ab fls jba`mkjbitls Wkrk bv`tkr fk `ikmt`vkm`ýi ab ui kit`o`ýt`ml plr fks biz`jks prlaum`aks plr ltrks okmtbr`ks.

]@IB_H@]JL> sb abilj`ik ksê mukial sb kslm`ki ? l jës kit`o`ýt`mls, aliab bf bdbmtl ab bstk bstk mlj mljo`ikm o`ikm`ýi `ýi bs JKP JKPL_, L_, bs a abm`r bm`r ssbb WLQBIM@KF@^KI, kdbmtkial k ui jkylr bspbmtrl ab j`mrllrhki`sjls, qub fk sujk ab fls bdbmtls ab fls kit`o`ýt`mls uskals `ia`v`aukfjbitb. `ia`v`aukfjbitb. k) Bf bdbmtl s`iàrh`ml sb ak bitrb als KIQ@O@LQ@ML] OKMQB_@M@AK]. Ri bnbjpfl> l l l

Wbi`m`f`iks + Bstrbptl Bstrbptlj`m`iks j`m`iks Kjlx`m`f`ik + Hbitkj`m`ik Qr`jbtrlp`i + ]ufdkjbtlxkzl

o)Bf bdbmtl s`iàrh`ml tkjo`ài sb ak bitrb ui OKMQB_@M@AK y OKMQB_@L]QK OKMQB_@L]QKQ@ML, Q@ML, bnbjpfl> l l l

Bstrbptlj`m`ik Bstrbptlj `m`ik + Qbtrkm`mf`ik Bstrbptlj Bstrbptlj`m`ik +lrkidbi`mlf Br`trlj`m`ik Kjp`fm`f`ik`m`ik + Mf Mflrkidbi`mlf

m)Bi m) Bi fls kit`o`ýt`mls okmtbr`lstët`mls sb ak ui bdbmtl ab KA@M@LI l @IA@DB_BIM@K, bs abm`r qub mukial sb uski ? jba`mkjbitls, i`ihuil ab bffls `itbrd`brb mli bf ltrl.

 KIQKHLI@]JL>  KIQKHLI@]JL>

ab fls kit`o`ýt`mls kit`o`ýt`mls lmurrb mukia mukiall ui kit`o`ýt`ml kit`o`ýt`ml,, usukfjbitb bbff ab jbilr bdbmtl, `itbrd`brb mli bf bdbmtl ab ltrl kit`o`ýt`ml, plr bnbjpfl> l l l

Qbtrkm`mf`iks + Wbi`m`f`iks Br`trlj`m`ik + Mfl Mflrkidbi`mlf rkidbi`mlf Mflrkidbi`mlf Mflrkidbi` mlf + F`imlj`m`ik

B. _bs`stbim`k k fls kit`o`ýt`mls> Ril ab fls bdbmtls mlf mlfktbrkfbs ktbrkfbs abf jkf u usl sl ab fls kit`o`ýt`ml kit`o`ýt`mlss bs qub fks okmtbr`ks sb vubfvki rbs`stbitbs. ]` uik plofkm`ýi ab pbqubûl tkjkûl flhrksb slorbv`v`r kf trktkj`bitl sb fbs qub pbrj`tb juft`pf`mkr, fk susmbpt`o`f`aka ab bstk iubvk uik plofkm`ýi sbrë jbilr qub fk lr`h`ikf, ypubstl absm`biabi ab lrhki`sjls qub yk slorbv`v`brli vbz kf trktkj`bitl lr`h`ikf y muyk rbs`stbim`k sbrë trkisj`t`ak k su absmbiabim`k hbiàt`mkjbitb. hbiàt`mkjbitb.

]KI@AKA KI@JKF

J.T. NRKI JKIQ@FFK O_@LIB]

00

 

@.B.].Q.W. ‖MBDLW MKNKJK_MK‚

Q_KQKJ@BIQL] DK_JKMLFÝH@ML] Fls khbitbs qu`j`ltbrkpàut`mls, qu`j`ltbrkpàut`mls, sli fls jba`mkjbitl jba`mkjbitlss ab bfbmm`ýi pkrk fk tbrkpàut` tbrkpàut`mk mk ab ttlak lak bidbrjbaka `idbmm`lsk. Mukial ui ki`jkf bs trktkal mli ui khbitb qu`j`ltbrkpàut`ml, cky trbs kspbmtls qub `idfuybi jutukjbitb (bstk rbfkm`ýi sb abilj`ik ‖Qr`ëihufl qu`j`ltbrkpàut`ml‚l ‖Qr`ëihufl ab Akv`s‚) y sli> l l l

Bf ki`jkf ttrktkal rktkal (cuàspba) Bf khbitb bt`lfýh`ml (j`mrlo`l) Bf jba`mkjbitl kpf`mkal (kit`o`ýt`ml)

R]L AB KHBIQB] KIQ@J@M_LO@KIL]. Bf jkibnl tbrkpàut`ml ab fk `idbmm`ýi sb oksk bi bf usl ab khbitbs kit`j`mrlo`kil kprlp`kal, qub abstruyk l `ic`ok bf khbitb khbitb mkuskf s`i mljprljbt mljprljbtbr br fks abdbisks abf pkm`bitb. Wkrk bdbmtukr u ui i mlrrbmtl trkt trktkj`bitl kj`bitl kit`j kit`j`mrlo`kil, `mrlo`kil, bstr`mtk bstr`mtkjbitb jbitb sb abob rbkf` rbkf`zkr> zkr>     

Ri oubi a`khiýst`ml mfêi`ml. Rik oubik bfbmm`ýi abf jba`mkjbitl Bjpfbkr fks als`s mlrrbmtks Fks vêks ab ab kaj`i`str kaj`i`strkm`ýi km`ýi kabmukak Akr trktkj`bitl ab kplyl (mlis`stb bi oubik iutr`m`ýi y oubils mu`akals hbibrkfbs.)

_B]@AR B]@ARL] L] AB K KIQ@O@LQ IQ@O@LQ@ML] @ML] BI F FK K FBM FBMCB CB. Fls rbs` rbs`au auls ls ab ki kit`o t`o`ýt `ýt`ml `mlss bi fb fbmcb mcb sli tl tlaks aks ffks ks sus sustki tkim`k m`kss qu quêj` êj`mks mks qub qub kf sbr sbr ka kaj`i j`i`st `strka rkakk l mlisuj`ak plr bf ki`jkf, sb bf`j`ik l pbrjkibmb mljl jbtkolf`tl jbtkolf`tl bi fk fbmcb, mli bdbmtls bdbmtls ilm`vls pkrk bf mlisuj`alr. Hbibrkfjbit Hbibrkfjbitbb bs plr bf trktkj`bitl ab bidbr bidbrjbakabs jbakabs `id `idbmm`lsks bmm`lsks ab fks vvkmks. kmks. Bi bf cktl fbmcbrl, fbmcbrl, fk `idbmm`ýi qub abjkia abjkiakk jkylr suj`i`strl suj`i`strl ab kit`o`ýt`mls bs fk jkst`t`s, qub bs fk mkus mkuskk pr`i pr`im`pkf m`pkf ab kpk kpkr`m`ýi r`m`ýi ab rb rbs`aul s`aulss ab kit`o`ý kit`o`ýt`ml t`mlss bi fk fbmcb. K vb vbmbs, mbs, kf hkik hkikabrl abrl fb bs juy a`dêm`f a`dêm`f bf`j`ikr fk fbmcb ab vkmks bi trktkj trktkj`bitl, `bitl, plr bffl ilrjkfjbi ilrjkfjbitb tb fk mljbrm`kf`zk. Fls bdbmtls týx`mls ab fls rbs`auls kit`o`ýt`mls kit`o`ýt`mls bi fk fbmcb sli k fkrhl pfkzl plr bdbmtl kmujufkt`vl5 kmujufkt`vl5 bi pubabi khrupkr khrupkrsb sb bi a`rbmtls b `ia`r `ia`rbmtls. bmtls. l

l

Fls bdbmtls a`rbmtls a`rbmtls `imfuybi tlx`m`aka rbik rbikf,f, cbpët`mk y skihuêibk, lt ltltlx`m`aka, ltlx`m`aka, pr prlofbjks lofbjks jbaufkrbs, bdbmtls bdbmtls tbrktlhài`mls, mkrm`ilh mkrm`ilhài`mls ài`mls y kfbrh`ks sþo`tks hrkvbs. Fls bdbmtls `ia`rbmtls bstëi kslm`kals k fls dbiýjbils ab rbs`stbim`k okmtbr`kik y k fks rbkmm`libs kfàrh`mks rbtkrakaks. Kabjës, fls kit`o`ýt`mls prbsbitbs bi fk fbmcb pubabi `iaum`r fk kftbrkm`ýi ab fk dflrk `itbst`ikf, abskrrlffl ab j`mrllrhki`sjls pktýhbils. pktýhbils.

Wlr ltrk pkrtb, fk prbsbim`k ab rbs`auls ab kit`o`ýt`mls bi fk fbmcb prlaumb ui pbrnu`m`l pkrk fk `iaustr`k fëmtbk, yk qub sb `ic`obi fls prlmbsls okmtbr`kils ibmbskr`ls pkrk fk bfkolrkm`ýi ab prlaumtls abr`vkals abr`vkals ab fk fbmcb mljl bf qubsl y bf ylhurt, sb rbau rbaumb mb fk prlaumm`ýi ab km`abz y krljk aurkitb fk dkor`mkm`ýi ab fk jkitbqu`ffk y sb rbtrkski prlmbsls mljl fk km`a`d`mkm`ýi, bf muknkal y fk jkaurkm`ýi abf qubsl,

]KI@AKA KI@JKF

J.T. NRKI JKIQ@FFK O_@LIB]

;77

 

@.B.].Q.W. ‖MBDLW MKNKJK_MK‚

KIKFHÀ]@ML], KIQ@W@_ÀQ@ML], KIQ@B]WK]JÝA@ML] MKFJKH@IB   @iauvbt TBQKFH@IK   @itbrvbt ILTKFH@IK   @itbrvbt O@LTKFH@IK  KIQKFTBQ-DL_QB  KIQKFTBQ-DL_Q B KIQ@@IDFKJK KIQ@@ IDFKJKQL_@L] QL_@L] B]QB_L@AB] B]QB_L@AB] (ML_Q@ML@AB] (ML_Q@ML@AB])) ABSKFKI

KIQ@@IDFKJKQL_@L] IL B]Q_L@AB] (IL ML_Q@ML@AB]) EBQLDBI

KIQ@O@LQ@ML] ]@JWFB] ILJO_B MLJB_M@KF      K      I      @      F      M      @      I      B      W

KIQ@O@LQ@ML] MLJO@IKAL]

FKOL_KQL_@L

ILJO_B MLJB_M@KF      I      @      K     M      I      @      @      J      ]      K     K      L     Q      F      @      I      Q     B      H

     K      S      L     ]      F     K      D     I      L     @      _     M      I      B

     I      K      @      I      M      @      @      F      J      @      M      K     K     @      Q      S      I      L      B      J      H      K

     @      M      @      R      ]      J      K     K      Q     I      I      B      H

     M      ]      @      K      M      Q      K      B      K      _     I      I      Q     @     +     J      B     F      K     L      Q      S      @      B      S      A      L

     K      I      @      F      @      M      @      S      L      J      K

     M      B      @      D      M      K     K      L      _      _      I    +     W     L      Q     @      I      Q      B      Q      @      F      L      B      S      E      L

     L      ^      I      @      K      W      S      L      L      _      Q      Q     L     B      B      J      J      K      @      _      D      Q      F      R      ]

FKOL_KQL_@L

     K      I      @      K      @      M      I      @      J      F      @      L      M    +     Q      @      I      W      B      B      _      W      Q      ]      B

     M      @      M      K     ]      _     K      Q     I      @      B     F      Q      @      S      L      L      @      Q     _      D     R      B     D      M

]KI@AKA KI@JKF

J.T. NRKI JKIQ@FFK O_@LIB]

;7;

 

@.B.].Q.W. ‖MBDLW MKNKJK_MK‚

]B]@ÝI I·

?

BIDB_JBAKAB] WK_K]@QK_@K] Fks bidbrjbakabs bidbrjbakabs pkrks`tkr`ks sli mkuskaks mkuskaks plr vkr`ls t`pl t`plss ab pkrës`tls, qu`bibs sb uo`mki bi a`dbrbitbs pkrtbs abf lrhki`sjl ki`jkf, mlist`tuyàialsb bi uil ab fls pr`im`pkfbs prlofbjks qub kdbmtki k fk hkikabrêk, mkuskial hrkiabs pàra`aks bmliýj`mks.

BF WK_Ë]@QL P ]R CL]WBAKAL_

]`i bitrkr bi abd`i`m`libs bstr`mtks plabjls abm`r qub ui pkrës`tl sb trktk ab ui lrhki`sjl jës pbqubûl qub v`vb slorb l abitrl ab ltrl lrhki`sjl jës hrkiab, kprlvbmcëialsb ab àf l k sus bxpbisks. Bstb lrhki`sjl jës hrkiab sb abilj`ik clspbakalr clspbakalr,, lsbk qub c clspbak lspbak kf pk pkrës`tl. rës`tl. Cky a`dbrbitbs t`pls k) Clspbakalr abd`i`t`vl bs bf clspbakalr bi bf mukf bf pkrës`tl kfmkizk su jkaurbz y sb rbprlaumb sbxukfjbitb sbxukfjbitb.. o) Clspbakalr `itbrjba`kr`l bs bf clspbakalr bi bf qub fls bstka`ls fkrvkfbs sb abskrrlffki ckstk ffbhkr k sbr `idbstkitbs, fubhl pkskrki bf clspbakalr abd`i`t`vl. abd`i`t`vl. m) Clspbakalr rbsbrvlr`l bs ui clspbakalr qub il pbrtbibmb k fk j`sjk bspbm`b abf clspbakalrr abd`i`t`vl, pbrl qub pubab sbr `idbstkal y pkskr fk `idbstkm`ýi k ltrl clspbakalr. clspbakal a) Clspbakalr pkrktài`ml> bs ui clspbakal clspbakalrr ab bspbrk, ab trkispl trkisplrtb rtb l ab kfjkmbik kfjkmbikj`bitl. j`bitl. Bi bstb clspbakalr pkrës`tl rv`vb y sb kf`jbitk, pbrl il mlit`iþk su m`mfl o`lfýh`ml, fubhl bs `idbstkitb pkrk bf bf clspbakal clspbakalr abd`i`t`vl. Mukial bf pkrës`tl v`vb bi mlitêiuk b êit`jk kslm`km`ýi mli bf clspbakalr, abpbiab jbtkoýf`mkjbitb ab àf pbrnua`mëialfb bi jkylr l jbilr hrkal, bidbrjëialfb y pua`bial ffbvkrfl k fk jubrtb. Bi ki`jkfbs ab mrêk, fls pkrës`tls abo`f`tki kf ki`jkf, rbtrkski su mrbm`j`bitl y prlaumm`ýi, kabjës ab trkbr tlal t`pl ab pbrnu`m`ls, qub pkrbmbi a`dê a`dêm`fbs m`fbs ab jkibnkr y mljl tlak bidbrjbaka s` il bs ktkmkak k t`bjpl, pubab tbrj`ikr bi fk kdbmm`ýi juy pbrnua`m`kf pkrk fk skfua ab fls ki`jkfbs.

MFK]@D@MKM@ÝI BFBJBIQKF Fls hrupls ab ki`jkfbs pkrës`tls sli a`vbrsls, s`bial bi su hrki jkylrêk `ivbrtborkals, mbstlals (tbi`ks), trbjktlals (Dksm`lfk), ibjktlals (Ouilstljui, A`mtylmkufus)), `isbmtls (jlsmks, jlsqu`tls, p`lnls), p`lnls), krëmi`als (ëmkrls ab fk skrik), hkrrkpktks (Ol (Ollpcyfus) lpcyfus) ;. W_LQL^ LQL^LK LK_@ _@L] L] (Ri`mbfufkrbs)

(Qr`pkilsljk, (Qr`pki lsljk, Mlmm`a`ls, Mlmm`a`ls, Okobs`k, Okobs`k, W`rlpfksjk, W`rlpfksjk, H`kra`k btm.) Mckt ktls ls Cbfj`itls Mc

?. JBQK JBQK^ ^LK_ LK_@L] @L]

Mbst Mbstla labs bs (tb (tbi`k i`ks) s) Qrbjkt Qrbjktla labs( bs(Dk Dksm sm`l `lfk fk))

l

 Kmkitlmàdkfls

Tbrjbs

M`fêiar`ml M`fêi ar`mlss Ibjktlabs Ibjktlabs (ouilstljui, (ouilstljui, A`mty`lmkuf A`mty`lmkufus) us)

(Wfur`mbfufkrbs) @isb @isbmt mtls ls

(jlsmk (jlsmks, s, jlsqu jlsqu`t`tls ls,, p`ln p`lnls ls))

Krtrýplals  Krëmi`als (ëmkrls, hkrrkpktks)

A`mcls hrupls ab pkrës`tls kmtþki slorb bf clspbakalr plrsbr a`dbrbitbs ab kmm`ýi, plr bnbjpfl pàra`ak ab pàra`ak fk hkikim`k ab ki`jkf pbsl a a`kr`l `kr`l qub pubab mku mkuskal> skal> jbmki`sjls plr uik a`krrbk mrýi`mk, plr uik `rr`tk `rr`tkm`ýi m`ýi l bstràs prlf prlflihkal lihkal b `itbisl.

]KI@AKA KI@JKF

J.T. NRKI JKIQ@FFK O_@LIB]

;7?

 

@.B.].Q.W. ‖MBDLW MKNKJK_MK‚

 KMM@ÝI WKQÝHBIK AB FL] WK_Ë]@QL] Fk kmm`ýi pktýhbik qub fls pkrës`tls bnbrmbi slorb sus clspbakalrbs pubab sbr> ;) Jbmëi`mk Jbmëi`mk>> bs fk kmm`ýi qub bnbrmb bf pkrës`tl plr su slfk prbsbim`k kf lmupkr bspkm`ls, plr bnbjpfl> bf `itbst`il, mkikfêmufls abf cêhkal, o`f`krbs u ltrks mkv`akabs, lostruy lostruybial bial su fuz. ?) Bxplf`ktr`z Bxplf`ktr`z>> bs fk kmm`ýi qub bnbrmb bf pkrës`tl kf kf`jbitkrsb k bxpbisks abf clspbakalr.  

Bf pkrës`tl pubab mlisuj`r fls kf`jbitls abf clspbakalr `imfuêals sus absbmcls. Bf pkrës`tl pubab mlisuj`r fk skihrb abf clspbakalr (pkrës`tl cbjktýdkhl).

=) Qrkujët`mk Qrkujët`mk>> bs fk kmm`ýi abf pkrës`tl kf fbs`likr fls tbn`als abf clspbakalr (pkrës`tl c`st`ýdkhl). 1) Qýx`mk Qýx`mk>> kmm`ýi prlaum`ak plr fk f`obrkm`ýi ab m`brtls jbtkolf`tls abf pkrës`tl kf kf`jbitkrsb, qub kf sbr koslro`als plr bf clspbabrl prlaumbi akûls mbfufkrbs. 2) Qrksj`s`ýi ab bidbrjbakabs> bidbrjbakabs> fls pkrës`tls sli mkpkmbs ab trksj`t`r ltrls pkrës`tls, okmtbr`ks, v`rus l r`mebtts`ks (fks hkrrkpktks pubabi trkisj`t`r fk OKOB]@L]@] ffkjkak tkjo`ài W@_LWFK]JL]@].)

M@MFL O@LFÝH@ML Wkrk qub fls pkrës`tls pubaki mljokt`rsb ab uik jkibrk `itbf`hbitb, bs ibmbskr`l qub bf hkikabrl mlilzmk bf abskrrlffl abskrrlffl ab mkak uil ab bffls, absab qub bs ui cubv cubvbm`ffl bm`ffl ckstk fk btkpk kauftk. kauftk. Mukial sb mlilmb bf m`mfl o`lfýh`ml sb pubabi dlrjufkr pfkibs pfkibs pkrk rljpbr bstb m`mfl ab abskrrlffl. Fls pkrës`tls t`bibi m`mfls ab v`ak a`vbrsls pua`bial abilj`ikrsb abilj`ikrsb 

JLILSBIL] l ab m`mfl a`rbmtl, sli pkrës`tls muyl m`mfl ab v`ak pkrks`tkr`k sb abskrrlffk bi ui

slfl clspbakal clspbakalr, r, plr bnbjpfl Wslrlptbs olv`s (skri (skrikk abf olv olv`il). `il). 

CBQB_LSBIL] l ab m`mfl `ia`rbmtl, sli kqubffls muyl m`mfl ab v`ak fl ckmbi bi jës ab ui clspbaka clsp bakalr. lr. Wlr bnbjp bnbjpfl fl fks HK__KWKQK] qub ibmbs`tk vkr`ls clspbabrls `itbrjba`kr`ls pkrk

ffbhkr kf clspbabrl abd`i`t`vl abd`i`t`vl..

WB_A@AK] WL_ WK_K]@Q@]JL ;.- BMLI BMLIÝJ@ ÝJ@ML ML k) o) m) a) b) d)

Jbil Jbilrr hkik hkikim`k im`k ab p pbsl bsl vv`vl `vl y jb jbilr ilr pr prlaum laumm`ýi m`ýi ab ab mkrib mkrib.. Jb Jbilr ilr prl prlau aumm` mm`ýi ýi a abb fb fbmc mcb. b. Jk Jkylr ylr jlr jlrtkf tkf`ak `aka a bbi i ttbri bribrl brlss Oknl êia`m êia`mbb a abb mlivbr mlivbrs`ýi s`ýi kf`jb kf`jbit`m it`m`k `k Wàra Wàra`aks `aks pl plrr abml abmlj`sl j`sl ab TÊ]M TÊ]MB_K] B_K],, MK_I MK_IB, B, MRB MRB_L. _L. Hkst Hkstls ls mli mlis`abr s`abrkofb kofbss bi jba jba`mkjb `mkjbitls itls y ]]brv` brv`m`ls m`ls p prldb rldbs`lik s`likfbs. fbs.

?.- _BW_LAR _BW_LARMQ@TL MQ@TL k) Jky Jkylr lr pbr pbr`lal `lal bitr bitrbb pkrt pkrtls. ls. Ri Rikk mrêk mkak ? kûl kûlss o) Ku Kusbi sbim`k m`k a abb mbf mbfll l mbf mbfll s`f s`fbim bim`ls `lsll m) Jky Jkylr lr iþjb iþjbrl rl ab a`sduim a`sduim`lib `libss llvër` vër`mls mls a) @id @idbmm bmm`ýi `ýi db dbtkf tkf pl plrr DK] DK]M@L M@LFK] FK]@] @] =.- ]KF ]KFRA RA WÞO WÞOF@MK F@MK k) Mlit Mlitkj`ik kj`ikm`ýi m`ýi ab pbrsliks pbrsliks mli cubv cubvls ls o) Dksm`lfks`s bi cuj cujkils> kils> zli zliks ks kftl kia`iks, hhbibrkfjbitb bibrkfjbitb bi plo plofkm`ýi fkm`ýi bs bsmlfkr. mlfkr.

]KI@AKA KI@JKF

J.T. NRKI JKIQ@FFK O_@LIB]

;7=

 

@.B.].Q.W. ‖MBDLW MKNKJK_MK‚

BMQLWK_Ë]@QL] ]li kqubffls qub sb flmkf`zki slorb fk supbrd`m`b abf mubrpl abf ki`jkf, kf`jbitëialsb hbibrkfjbitb ab skihrb, mkuskial pr`im`pkfjbitb ui abo`f`tkj`bitl abf ki`jkf y il pbrj`t`bial ui mrbm`j`bitl ilrjkf abf tbribrl. Fls pr`im`pkfbs bmtlpkrës`tls sli>

JL]MK]

FK_TK]

HK__KWKQK]

W@LNL]

KMK_L]

]tljlxys mkfm`trkis Ckbjktlo`k `rr`tkis Qkokius spp

Jlsmk ab fls bstkofls (p`mkalrbs) Jlsmk ab fls mubrils (p`mkalrbs) Qëokil (p`mkalrbs)

J lj mk`ilvlrkx Mlumscmfkylaj `kbcslt`j Abjktlo`k clj`i`s Cyplabrjk olv`s Lbstrus lv`s Ollpc llpcyf yfus us// _`p _`pcy cymmbpc bpckfus kfus @x @xla labbs (h (hkr krrrkpkt kpktkk s`i ln lnls ls)) Abrjkmbitlr Kjofyljk Akjkf`ibk olv`s Ckbjktlp`ius F`hiliktus ]krmlptbs Wslrlptbs Mclr`lptbs

Jklussmkkiaj lj M `kbss`st`mk (il p`mkalrbs) Mkuski j`ks`s (IRMCB) Kdbmtki slfl cbj`sdbr`l ilrtb. Kdbmtki slfl lv`ils ; slf slfll cls clspb pbak akal alrr. Mub Mubff ffl, l, pbmc pbmcll = cls lspb pbak akal alrb rbs. s. Il cky cky bi Wb Wbrrþ ;-= clspbakalrbs. T`vbi bi lrbnks = clspbakalrbs. Il cky bi Wbru

;. JL]MK]> pbrtbibmbi k ui lrabi hrkiab y mljpfbnl ab `isbmtls, abilj`ikak A@WQB_L]. Fk jkylrêk plsbbi ui pkr ab ab kfks mukial sli kauftl kauftls. s. Wubabi kf`jbitkrsb ab ab skihrb, skf`vk, fëhr`jks l jlmls. ]li pkrës`tls WB_@ÝA@ML], pbrl pubabi sbrv`r mljl CL]WBAKAL_B] @IQB_JBA@K_@L] ab ltrls pkrës`tls mljl Ckorlibjk y mljl TBMQL_B] ab okmtbr`ks (ëitrkx), v`ru v`rus, s, bsp`rlqubtks bt btm. m.

JL]MK AB FL] B]QKOFL] l

l

l

QKOKIL

JL]MK ALJB]Q@MK

Fks jlsmks abf bstkofl (]tljlxys mkfm`trkis) l jlsmks jlsmks o orkvk rkvks. s. ]li juy mlju mljuibs ibs bi bxpfltkm`libss ab olv`ils fbmcb bxpfltkm`lib fbmcbrl rl y ab bihlra bihlrab, b, pbrl ktkmki k mukfqu`br ki ki`jkf `jkf ab skihrb mkf`bitb (jufks, mkokffls, lvbnks, pbrrls, hktls, plff plffls, ls, btm.) `imfu`al bf cljorb. Fls tëokils sli jës ab =2 =277 77 bsp bspbm`bs bm`bs k i`v i`vbf bf jui juia`kf a`kf (Qkokius spp spp...). Ktkmki kf hkikal olv`il, lv`il, mkpr`il, plrm`il, jkjêdbrls aljàst`mls y skfvknbs, `imfu`al bf cljorb. Fls kauftls j`abi ckstk ?.2 mj. ]lfl fks cbjorks mcupki skihrb, muyk p`mkaurk bs alflrlsk Fk jlsmk ab fls mubrils (Ckbjktlo`k `rr`tkis), tkjo`ài ffkjkak jlsmk ab fk pkfbtk, bs uil ab fls `isbmtls jës pbrnua`m`kfbs abf hkikal vkmuil. Kdbmtk jës k olv`ils bi pkstlrbl bxtbis`vl y bihlrab qub bi fbmcbrls, tkjo`ài k mkokffls y lvbnks. _krk vbz p`mk kf cljorb.

]KI@AKA KI@JKF

J.T. NRKI JKIQ@FFK O_@LIB]

;71

 

@.B.].Q.W. ‖MBDLW MKNKJK_MK‚

têp`mk p`mk plsturk j`rkial ckm`k koknl. Jlsmk ab fls mubrils, tê Dltlhrkdêk ab fk Ri`v. ab Dflr`ak

Jlsmks ab fls mubrils (Ckbjktlo`k `rr`tkis) slorb uik rbs> pubabi mlihrbhkrsb j`ffkrbs ab jlsmks

?. FK_TK]> l

l

huskils okrrbikalrbs, mkuski fks o` o`mc mcbr brkks l j` j`ks ks`s `s lof`hktlr`ks. Kdbmtki k olv`ils y lv`ils, kuiqub pubabi kdbmtkr k mukfqu`br jkjêdbrl. fks fkrvks ab fks jlsmks sb abskrrlffki sýfl bi fls tbn`als abf clspbakalr. Fks jlsmks kauftks ab bstks bspbm`bs sli ktrkêaks plr jêi`jks cbr`aks (pkrtl, absmlrib, mkstrkm`ýi, bsqu`fk, btm.). Mlmcfylj`k clj`ilvlrkx>

Fk Cyplab Cyplabrjk rjk olv`s olv`s> sli jlsmks pb pbfuaks fuaks y hhrkiabs, rkiabs, j`abi ckstk ;2jj ;2jj.. y bs ab ddlrjk lrjk

pkrbm`ak k fk kobnk. ]b aki slfl bi bf cbj`sdbr`l ilrtb. Fk jlsmk kauftk plib sus cubvls bi fls pbfls ab fks pktks abf clspbakalr y ab kffê fk fkrvk ktrkv`bsk fk p`bf, fls jþsmufls y k trkvàs ab fls ibrv`ls ffbhk kf mkikf vbrtborkf (jbaufk bsp`ikf), fubhl ktrkv`bsk fls jþsmufls alrskfbs y skfb fk p`bf. Rik vbz bi bfkffljl uisblr`d`m`l rbsp`rktlr`l. jbsbs jkaurki skfbikplr bf lr`d`m`l y mkbi s ubfl,ckmbi subfl, aliab mliv`brtb bi pupk y Kabfls kffê=bi jlsmk kauftk. (=mj), l

Fk Abrjktlo`k clj`i`s, bs ffkjkal tkjo`ài týrskfl l IRMCB. ]li jlsmks qub j`abi ckstk ;8

jj. y kouiaki kouiaki bi rbh rbh`libs `libs trlp`mkf trlp`mkfbs bs y suotr suotrlp`mkfbs lp`mkfbs ab K Kjàr`mk jàr`mk mbitrkf y abf sur. Fk jlsmk k fks plmks clrks ab ikmbr bs dbmuiakak y ?1 clrks abspuàs bs mkpkz ab plibr ckstk 177 cubvls bi mkjkaks ab ?2 kf mlstkal mlstkal abf koal koaljbi jbi ab ltrk jlsm jlsmkk jës pbqubûk, qub mukial vki k kf`jbitkrsb bi fls ki`jkfbs, abnki k fks fkrvks. fkrvks . Bs Bst  t ks ks fkrvks ktrkv`bski fk p`bf abf clspbakalr dlrjkial iýaufls sup supbrd brd`m` `m`kfb kfbss pbr pbrll il bj`hrki abitrl ab àf, àf, mli ui pbqubûl lr`d`m`l ko`brtl pkrk rbsp`rkr. Jkaurki aurkitb aurkitb 2 k 8 sbjkiks (?,2 mj). ]kfbi k trkvàs abf lr`d`m`l y mkbi kf subfl, sb bit`brrki k uik prlduia`aka ab ? k ;7 mj. mj . Fls kauftls skfbi k fks 2 k 3 sbjkiks.

FK FK_T _TK K AB AB CPW CPWL LAB_J AB_JK ]KF ]KF@BI @BIAL ALAB]RCR ]W ]WBA BA.. l

W_ W_L LQROB QROB_ _KI KIM@K M@K] ] LILARFL] FL] WL WL_ FK FK_T _TK] K]ABCPWL CPWLAB AB_J _JK

Bf Lbstrus lv`s bs uik jlsmk ab ;7-;? jj. qub plib ckstk 277 FK_TK] yk bmfls`likaks kfrbabalr ab fks dlsks ikskfbs ab fls LT@IL] LT@IL].. Fk fkrvk mlidlrjb vk mrbm`bial vk `itbriëialsb bi fk pkrtb fls sbils mkuskial sbmrbm`libs bstlriual, btm. Mukial bstësupbr`lr jkaurk ab (= mj) mkb kfikskfbs, subfl pkrk mlivbrt`rsb bi pupkikskfbs, bi ?1 clrks y fubhlbstràs bi jlsmk kauftk, qub il v`vb jës ab ui jbs. Bf m`mfl mljpfbtl vkrêk absab ; k ;7 jbsbs.

]KI@AKA KI@JKF

J.T. NRKI JKIQ@FFK O_@LIB]

;72

 

@.B.].Q.W. ‖MBDLW MKNKJK_MK‚

Jlsmk kauftk ab Lb L bstrus lv`s

Mrëibl ab lv`il mli fkrvks ab Lbstrus

=. W@LNL]> sli = t`pls ab p`lnls qub kdbmtki k fls olv`ils> Akjkf Ak jkf`ib `ibk k olv`s olv`s> Bs bf p`lnl ab pbfl ab olv`ils, bs jkst`mkalr y bs uil ab fls jës akû`ils abf hkikal vkmuil. Kpkrbmb slorb tlal bi bf fljl, bf mubffl y bf pbmcl, pbrl pubab vkr`kr. Ckbjktlp`ius burystbrius, Ckbjktlp`ius qukar`pbrtusus sli p`lnls hrkiabs (= k 2 jj ab

fkrhl). ]li p`lnl fkrhl). p`lnlss mcupkalr mcupkalr.. Kpkrbmb bi mkobzk, oksb ab mubrils, mubffl, pbmcl, fls cljorls y fk oksb ab fk mlfk. Bstb þft`jl bs bspbmêd`ml abf hkikal mboþ pbrl tkjo`ài kdbmtk kf olv`il. F`hilhiktcus v`tuf` , bf p`lnl kzuf ab mkobzk fkrhk, bs ltrl p`lnl mcupkalr ab ui uils ls ?, ?,2 2 jj a abb

fkrhl qub sb ak bi tlal bf juial. juial. ]b fb bimubitrk bi mkobzk, pbmcl y kfrb kfrbabalr abalr abf kil.

Ckbjktlp`ius qukar`pbrtusus, kauftl. Dlt. ab Jkrmbfl Mkjpls Wbrb`rk

Akjkf`ibk olv`s, kauftl. Dltlhrkdêk ab N.D. Outfbr  tljkak ab ba`s.`dks.udf.bau/@H;=7

1. HK__KWKQL]@]> Fks hkrrkpktks sli fls pkrës`tls bxtbrils CBJKQÝDKHL] qub jës pbrnu`m`ls pbrnu `m`ls mku mkuski ski bi fk prla prlaumm`ý umm`ýi i hkik hkikabrk abrk,, mkuski mkuskial al bi fls ki`j ki`jkfbs kfbs abo` abo`f`ak f`aka, a, `rr`tk `rr`tkm`ýi, m`ýi, jbrjkfkbi fk prlaumm`ýi prlaumm`ýi ab fbmcb, mkrib y mubrl5 kabjës sli trkisj`sl trkisj`slrbs rbs ab bidbrjbaka bidbrjbakabs bs mljl W`rlpfksjls`s (Okobs`ls`s) y fk Kikpfksjls`s. ]li ab a`str`oum`ýi juia`kf s`bial fls mljuibs bi bf Wbrþ fls abf hàibrl Ollpcyfus y Abrjkmbitlr. Kfhuils Kfhuils hàibrls sli ab ; clspbakalr y ltrls ab ? l = clspbakalr clspbakalrbs. bs.

Hkrrkpktk cbjork abf Hbibrl Ollpcyfus pli`bial sus cubvls

]KI@AKA KI@JKF

J.T. NRKI JKIQ@FFK O_@LIB]

;74

 

@.B.].Q.W. ‖MBDLW MKNKJK_MK‚

HK__KWKQK] ABF HKIKAL OLT@IL HBIB_L Ollpcyfus Hkrrkpktks mli lnls

HBIB_L Abrjkmbitlr  Mlrikak y mli lnls

HBIB_L Kjofyljk mli lnls ab hrki tkjkûl

HBIB_L @xlabs Hkrrkpktks s`i lnls

bidbrjbaka mutëibk mlit mlitkh`lsk kh`lsk mkuskak plr plr uik l vkr`ks bspbm`bs ab ËMK_L], 2. ]K_IK> Bs uik bidbrjbaka qub sb kf`jbitki ab p`bf y f`idk, prlaum`bial pàra`aks plr ktrksls bi bf bihlrab y plr absvkflr`zkm`ýi ab fls mubrls. Fk skrik olv`ik bs prlvlmkak plr uik ab trbs bspbm`bs ab ëmkrls> Wsl Wslrlp rlptbs tbs mljjui mljjui`s `s olv`s olv`s ,  ]krmlptbs smkbo`b`  ,.  ]`jo`lmtbs olv`s , s`bial bf pr`jbrl ab bstls pkrës`tls, bs fk jës drbmubitb. Wrlvlmk `itbisl prur`tl (p`mkzýi), dlrjkial mlstrks, kpkrbmb pr`jbrl bi fls olrabs abf ikm`j`bitl ab fk mlfk, bi bf mubffl, bi fk mruz, fubhl sb bxt`biab kf rbstl abf mubrpl, s`i kdbmtkr k fls j`bjorls.. j`bjorls Bf trktkj`bitl mlis`stb bi kpf`mkr okûls kit`sëri`mls, qub ktkmki k fls ëmkrls kauftls pbrl qub il abstruybi k fls cubvls, plr fl qub cky qub rbpbt`r bf okûl k fls ;7-;? aêks. Qkjo`ài pubab Kmkrl (]krmlptbs smko`b`) v`stl kf j`mrlsmlp`l. akrsb ui trktkj`bitl s`stàj`ml, kpf`mkial Dltlhrkdêk ab J. Mkjpls Wbrb`rk jba`mkjbitls biabmtlm`aks, k oksb ab @vbrjbmt`iks, mljl plr bnbjpfl @vljbm®, Okyjbm®. Hbibrkfjbitb uik slfk kpf`mkm`ýi bs bd`mkz. Fls ki`jkfbs ki`jkfbs trktka trktkals ls abobi sbr k`sfkals pl plrr fl jbils au aurkitb rkitb ? sbjkiks. Bf trktkj`bitl ab kplylkpbt`tl mlis`stbybiT@HKIQLF® kpf`mkr jba`mkjbitls rbmlist`tuybitb CBJKQLWK CBJKQLWKI I L_L® pkrk bst`jufkr dlrtb KABrbmlist`tuybitbs pkrk rbhbibrkrs mljl fk p`bf abf ki`jkf (mubrl).

]KI@AKA KI@JKF

J.T. NRKI JKIQ@FFK O_@LIB]

;78

 

@.B.].Q.W. ‖MBDLW MKNKJK_MK‚

Q_KQKJ@BIQL] MLIQ_K BMQLWK_Ë]@QL]> bf trktkj`bitl sb fl pubab rbkf`zkr ab vkr`ks jkibrks, abpbia`bial abf t`pl, abf jba`l kjo`bitb y abf m`mfl o`lfýh`ml mkak pkrës`tl> 

Wlfvls> sli jba`mkjbitls pkrk bsplfvlrbkr slorb bf mubrpl abf ki`jkf, qub pubab sbr plfvl sbml l plfvl jlnkofb, mljl plr bnbjpfl> Olfdl®, Ksuitlf®, E-Ltr`ib®, ]bo`i®. Wkrk mljokt`r J@K]@]> Ibhksuit® , Ibhuvli ® btm.



Okûls> bs bf prlmba`j`bi prlmba`j`bitl tl jës uskal y mlis`stb bi kpf`mkr okûls pbr`ýa`mkjbitb, jës kui bi zliks BIABJ@MK] BIABJ@MK] mli hkrrkp hkrrkpktks, ktks, p`lnls, jlsmks, btm. Fls okûls pu pubabi babi sbr mkak = =7 7 aêks, yykk sbk okûls plr @IJB_]@ÝI l okûls plr K]WB_]@ÝI K]WB_]@ÝI.. Fls jba`mkjbitls sb a`fuybi bi bf khuk, ab kmubral k fk prbsmr`pm`ýi ab fls dkor`mkitbs. JBA@MKJBIQL] WK_K OKÛL] MLIQ_K BMQLWK_Ë]@QL] ILJO_B MLJB_M@K @KF F

Ksuitlf 27% Ksuitlf =7% Outlx Abxtkf pfus Qkjokm Oljok Iblhki A-47 @iiltr`i Hkikokûl Tkfbhki pfus ;% Tkfbmki M`pbrtlx 

W_@I @IM M@W @W@L @L KMQ@T @TL L

Abftkjbtr`ik Kfdk-m`pbrjbtr`ik A`kz`ili Kfdk-m`pbrjbtr`ik

ILJO_B FKOL_KQL_@L

Okybr   Okybr   @itbrvbt Khrlpsk Q[M Q[M Q[M Okybr   Okybr  

Wlur li> sli jba`mkjbitls qub sb kpf`mki slorb bf alrsl abf ki`jkf y ab kffê sb a`str`ouybi plr tlal bf mubrpl. Abitrl ab kfhuils tbibjls> l RFQ_KJBQ_@I ® ( ………………), l BMQLJBQ_@I ® (………………. ), D@ILS ® (… …… ………………...). l

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]prky> sli mljpubstls kit`pkrks`tkr`ls bi kbrlslf, (hbibrkfjbitb (hbibrkfjbitb sli rbpbfbitbs) y v`bibi kslm`kals mli ltrls jba`mkjbitls, mljl plr bnbjpfl> ……………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………… ……………………

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@iybmtkofbs> bstls jba`mkjbitls sli k oksb ab @TB_JBMQ@IK y sli jës mlilm`als mljl BIABMQLM@AK]. Bstls jba`mkjbitls t`bibi fk

vbitknk ab mljokt`r tkitl fls WK_Ë]@QL] BSQB_IL] mljl tkjo`ài fls WK_Ë]@QL] @IQB_IL] d`mkmb kmbss mlitr mlitrkk pk pkrës rës`tl `tlss _BALIAL]. (Il sli bbd`m pfkils mljl> Qbi`k, Dksm`lfk cbpët`mk). ]u kpf kpf`mk `mkm`ý m`ýi i hbi hbibrk brkfjb fjbitb itb bs vêk ]M, ]M, kkfh fhuil uilss tkjo`ài sli @J. Fk mkrib ab olv`ils trktkals mli bstls jba`mkjbitls, il abob ut`f`zkrsb pkrk mlisujl cujkil ckstk abspuàs ab 17 aêks. ]u kaj`i`strkm`ýi bi ki`jkfbs bi fkmtkm`ýi bstë

KWF@MKIML JBA@MKJBIQL Wlur li BI BF AL_]L AB FL] KI@ KI@JKFB] JKFB]..

, tkjplml kpf`mkr kpf`mkr k vkmks prbûkaks s qub fbs dkftk_kie® 1 12 2 aêksbtm. pkrk bf tltkfjbitb mlitrk`ia`mkal mlitrk`ia`mkal, pkrtl. Bnbjpfl> Okyjbm prlflih®, prlflih®, @vljbm®, Olv`jb Olv`jbm®, m®, prbûkak @spbrv`m®, O`lj`s`f®,

]KI@AKA KI@JKF

J.T. NRKI JKIQ@FFK O_@LIB]

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@.B.].Q.W. ‖MBDLW MKNKJK_MK‚

]B]@ÝI I· =

BIALWK_Ë]@QL]

WK_Ë]@QL] RI@MBFRFK_B]> ;. Q_@ Q_@WKI WKIL]L L]LJ@K J@K]@] ]@] OLT@ OLT@IK IK Bs uik bidb bidbrjba rjbaka ka abf hkikal hkikal olv`il olv`il mkuskak mkuskak plr bf prlt prltlzll lzll dfkh dfkhbfka bfkall Qrypkilsljk v`vkx , qub bs ui bial bialpkrë pkrës`tl. s`tl. Q`bib Q`bib mljl clsp clspbaka bakalrbs lrbs `itbrjb `itbrjba`kr a`kr`ls `ls fls tëokils tëokils y fls ]tljlxys qub kmtþki kmtþ ki mljl plrtkalrbs plrtkalrbs - trki trkisj`sl sj`slrbs. rbs. Fls prltlzlls sli lrhki`sjls ui`mbfufkrbs y bstrumturkfjbitb jës mljpfbnls qub fks okmtbr`ks, pbrl mli jumcks mmkrkmtbrêst`mks krkmtbrêst`mks o`lfýh`mks s`j`fkrbs, `i `imfu`aks mfu`aks fk juft`pf`mkm`ýi juft`pf`mkm`ýi plr dd`s`ýi `s`ýi o`ikr`k.

W_LQL^LL Q_@WKIL]LJK T@TKS AB OLT@IL _LABKAL AB HFLORFL] _LNL]

]`itljktlflhêk> •

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Kujbitl ab fk tbjpbrkturk. Kibj`k y bidfkqubm`j bidfkqubm`j`bitl `bitl prlhrbs`vl. Fkhr`jbl. Babjk suo-jkx`fkr y ab pbmcl.

Wktlflhêk> Fk kibj`k bs fk jki`dbstkm`ýi jës mljþi y prbalj`ikitb bi fk `idbmm`ýi. Mli bf pr`jbr kujbitl ab tbjpbrkturk tbjpbrkturk bf pkrës`tl sb juft`pf`mk juft`pf`mk y prlaum`bial a`sj`ium`ýi ab fls i`vbfbs ab cbjktlmr cbjktlmr`tl `tl y a`sj`ium`ýi ab fk br`trlplybs`s. Qkjo`ài sb prlaumbi kftbrkm`libs k i`vbf jbtkoýf`ml, mljl c`plhf`mbj`k y absbqu`f`or`l bi fls jbmki`sjls cbpët`mls y bialmr`ils. Wlr fl hbibrkf bs uik bidbrjbaka bidbrjbaka ab mursl mrýi`ml y fls ki`jkfbs qub qub slorbv`vbi sb ckmbi ckmbi `ijuibs k iubvls ktkqubs. ktkqubs. Qkjo`ài abpbiab abf bstkal ab mkribs ab fls fls ki`jkfbs.

A`khiýst`ml> Wubabb rbkf`zkrsb Wuba rbkf`zkrsb bi oksb k fk s`itl s`itljktl jktlflhê flhêk, k, pbrl bs prbdbr prbdbr`ofb `ofb bf a`khils a`khilst`ml t`ml plr plr cbjktlfl cbjktlflhêk, hêk, tàmi`mk ab j`mrlmbitr`duhkm`ýi ab Xll.

Qrktkj`bitl>

]KI@AKA KI@JKF

J.T. NRKI JKIQ@FFK O_@LIB]

;70

 

@.B.].Q.W. ‖MBDLW MKNKJK_MK‚

;. Kpf Kpf`mk `mkm`ý m`ýi i ab tr`pkil tr`pkilm`a m`aks ks pkr pkrkk bf`j`ik bf`j`ikrr bf pkrës`tl pkrës`tl mlj mljl> l> -

HKIK HK IK]BH ]BH (A` (A`kmb kmbtur turktl ktl ab a a`kzl `kzlkj) kj) … Als Als`s `s a abb = j jh/ h/ eh WT. ; ddrks rksml ml ab ; h kfm kfmkiz kizkk p pkrk krk ki` ki`jkf jkf ab ==7 eh) eh)..

-

OB_BI@F (A`kj`ikz`ik)

… Als`s ab ;.2 jh/ plr eh ab pbsl v`vl (; drksml ab ?7 jf kfmkizk pkrk ki`jkf.

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@J@AL @J@ ALS S (@ (@j`a j`alm lmkro kro a`prl a`prlp`l p`likt iktl) l)

… Als Als`s `s a abb ? ?.2 .2 jf/ pl plrr eehh a abb p pbsl bsl v`v v`vl. l.

Kpf`mkm`ýi ab Kit`p`r Kit`p`ràt`ml àt`mls-kikf s-kikfhàs`ml hàs`mlss pkrk bf`j`ikm`ý bf`j`ikm`ýi i ab d`borb y alflr> alflr> ?. Kpf`mkm`ýi - O@L O@LTKF TKFH@I H@IK® K® (J (Jbtk btkj`z j`zlf lf sý sýa`m a`ml) l) > ?7?7-17 17 jf jf/pl /plrr ki` ki`jk jkf/ f/ vê vêkk @J l BT. A@ A@W@ W@_L _LIK IK® ® ((Jb Jbtk tkj` j`zl zlff ssýa ýa`m `ml) l) >? ?77-17 17 jf jf// plr plr ki ki`jk `jkf/ f/ vê vêkk @@J J l BT BT.. =. Kpf Kpf`mk `mkrr Cbj Cbjktl ktlply plyàt` àt`mls mls (Cbj (Cbjktê ktêi`m i`mls) ls) pkr pkrkk bst` bst`juf jufkr kr dlrjkm` dlrjkm`ýi ýi ab hfý hfýouf oufls ls rlnls> rlnls> - CBJKQLJ@M WFR] > ?7 jf /plr ki`jkf / vêk ]M, @J, BT / = aêks. > ?7 jf / ;77 eh WT. / vvêêk @J, ]M l BT/ = a`ks - CBJKQLDL]®

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A@KJ@IK^BIB

A@KMBQR_KQL AB A@KJ@IL

@J@ALMK_O A@W_LW@LIKQL

?. Q_@ Q_@MCL MCLJLI JLI@K] @K]@] @] OLT@I OLT@IK K Fk tr`mljli`ks`s bs uik bidbrjbaka bidbrjbaka trkisj`t`ak trkisj`t`ak plr bf prltlzll Qr`mcljlik dlbtus, qu qubb tkjo` tkjo`ài ài bs ui pkrks`tl ui`mbfufkr. Bs uik bidbrjbaka vbiàrbk ab mkrëmtbr khual l suo-khual qub kdbmtk k fls olv`ils, pr`im`pkfjbitb bi fls ýrhkils hbi`tkfbs ab vkmks y tlrls, y qub pubab sbr trkisj`t`ak plr fk mlpufk, l k trkvàs abf jktbr`kf ab `isbj`ikm`ýi krt`d`m`kf mli sbjbi mlitkj`ikal. Bs sêitljk mkrkmtbrêst`ml bi fk cbjork bs bf kolrtl aurkitb fls pr`jbrls jbsbs ab fk prbûbz, bitrb bf =·y bf 2· jbs ab fk hbstkm`ýi, hbstkm`ýi, jki`dbstkm`libs jki`dbstkm`libs qub bi jumcks lmks`libs lmks`libs pksk abskpbrm`o`ak. abskpbrm`o`ak. Bi bf jkmcl fk bidbrjbaka bs ks`itljët`mk jlt`vl plr bf mukf bf tlrl rbsuftk ui plrtkalr pbrjkibitb. (Wlr fl mukf uik vbz abtbmtkal pls`t`vl pls`t`vl abob bf`j`ikrsb abf cktl.)

Qr` mcljlik dlbtus dlbtus KF J@M_L]MLW@L

]KI@AKA KI@JKF

J.T. NRKI JKIQ@FFK O_@LIB]

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@.B.].Q.W. ‖MBDLW MKNKJK_MK‚

]`itljktlflhêk> Bi fls fls jkmcls jkmcls fk fk s`itl s`itljktl jktlflhê flhêkk bs `ikp `ikpkrbit krbitb. b.  Bi fk cbjo cbjork rk bf pr`jbr pr`jbr sêitl sêitljk jk bs fk `idf `idfkjkm kjkm`ýi `ýi ab fk vkh` vkh`ik. ik. @idfkjkm` jkm`ýi ýi abf mubf mubffl fl abf þtbrl. þtbrl.  @idfk  @idfkjkm`ýi abf þtbrl.  Kolrtl bi bf pr`jbr tbrm`l ab fk hbstkm`ýi, bf mukf sb pubab akr ab als jkibrks> l Mukial bf dbtl skfb nuitl mli fks jbjorkiks y bf ki`jkf pubab rbmupbrkrsb. rbtbim`ýi ab ab fks jbjorkiks, jbjorkiks, `idfkjkm`ýi `idfkjkm`ýi abf þtbrl y pàra`ak ab fk l Mukial cky rbtbim`ýi mkpkm`aka rbprlaumt rbprlaumt`vk. `vk. 

A`khiýst`ml> Bf j`mrllrhki`sjl pubab bimlitrkrsb bi bf fêqu`al pfkmbitkr`l, bi bf mlitbi`al abf bstýjkhl abf dbtl kolrtkal, bi bf þtbrl aurkitb vkr`ls aêks abspuàs abf kolrtl y bi fk jktbr`k purufbitk bxpufskak bi bf kolrtl. Qrktkj`bitl> Ckstk fk kmtukf`aka il bx`stbi khbitbs tbrkpàut`mls bd`mkmbs mlitrk fk Qr`mljli`ks`s olv`ik, pbrl iujbrlsls trktkj`bitls trktkj`bitls dubrli biskykal biskykals. s. Arlhks mljl bf a`jbtr`akzlfb, a`jbtr`akzlfb, I`trl`j`akzlfbs I`trl`j`akzlfbs.. pubabi uskr uskr @idus`libs ab fuhlf, fuhlf, mflrkj`ik, i`trktl ab pfktk. pfktk. Qkjo`ài sb pubabi Fls i`trl-`j`akzlfbs (JBQ_LI@AK^LF) sli fls þi`mls kit`o`ýt`mls mli kmt`v`aka kit`okmtbr`kik y kit`pkrks`tkr`k. ]u bspbmtrl muorb> Wrltlzlkr`ls kikbrlo`ls> Qr`mcljliks vkh`ikf`s, vkh`ikf`s, •

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Bitkjlbok c`stlfyt`mk, H`kra`k fkjof`k, Okfkit`a`uj mlf`. Okmtbr`ks kikbrlo`ks. Okmtbrl`abs, O. drkh`f`s, duslokmtbr`uj, Mflstr`a`uj, M a`dd`m`fb, Tb`flibffk, mlmls kikbrlo`ls, pbptlmlmls y pbptlbstrbptlmlmls. Ltr Ltrks ks okmt okmtbr` br`ks. ks. Hkr Hkraib aibrbf rbffk fk vkh vkh``- ikf ikf`s, `s, Cbf Cbf`ml `mlokm okmtbr  tbr  pyflr`

=. OKOB]@ OKOB]@L]@] L]@]>> l W@_LW W@_LWFK]JL FK]JL]@] ]@]>> mkuskakk plr bbff pkr pkrks` ks`tl tl prl prltlz tlzlkr lkr`l> `l> Okobs`k o`hbj`ik, Okobs`k olv`s. Bstls Bstls pk pkrës rës`tl `tlss sli Bs mkuska `itrkbr`trlm`tkr`ls bs abm`r v`vbi abitrl ab fls hfýoufls rlnls mkuskial su abstrumm`ýi (cbjýf`s`s). Bs ui hrki prlofbjk aliab bx`stki hkrrkpktks Ollpc`fus j`mrlpfus hbibrkfj hbib abmtlr fk bspb , squlb bs brkfjbitb bf f þi`m þibitb `mll vbmt vb lr,bspbm`b , jës jëm`b s kþ kþi i bi mf` mf`jk jkss mëf` mëf`al als trlp`mkfbs.

Fk bidbrjbaka pubab tbibr ui mursl c`pbr-khual, khual l mrýi`ml. Fks `idbmm`libs khuaks sb mkrkmtbr`zki plr jkfbstkr, kilrbx`k, il ruj`k, d`borb kftk plr plr uil uilss 3 aêks, o oknk knk pr prlaum laumm`ýi m`ýi ffëmtbk ëmtbk y fks jumlsks ab mlflr rlnl fkar`ffl, qub fubhl sb tlriki ofkiqubm`iks plr fk kibj`k. Bs mkrkmtbrêst`ml fk CBJLHFLO@IR_@K (lr`ik ab mlflr rlnl), qub fl a`dbrbim`k ab fk Kikpfksj Kikpfksjls`s. ls`s. Bf trktkj`bi trktkj`bitl tl mljp mljpfbt fbtll y bd`m bd`mkz kz mlis mlis`stb `stb bi fk kpf`mkm`ýi kpf`mkm`ýi ab fls s`hu s`hu`bit `bitbs bs jba`m jba`mkjbi kjbitls tls pkrk> pkrk>

;.

Bf`j`ikr bf pkrës`tl mli CBJLWK_K]@Q@M@AK]> l l l l

OB_BI@F®… OB_BI@F® ………….. ….. ;.7 jf / ?7 eehh a abb WT. WT. .. Têk @J p prldu rlduiak. iak. ………… HKIK]BH HKIK ]BH®… ®……… ………… …….. ;.7 jh / ; eh ab W WT. T. … Têk @J pr prldu lduiak iak HKIK HK IKWF WFR] R]®… ®……… ………. …. ;.7 ;.7 jf / ;7 eh WT WT.. …. …... Tê Têkk @J prld prldui uiak ak @J@ALS® ;?7 ……… ?.2 J JFF / ; eh ab WT. …. Têk ]M

]KI@AKA KI@JKF

J.T. NRKI JKIQ@FFK O_@LIB]

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@.B.].Q.W. ‖MBDLW MKNKJK_MK‚

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Mljokt`r d`borb y alflr mli KIQ@W@_ÀQ@ML] P KIKFHB]@ML] l MKFJKH MKF JKH@IB® @IB® … ……… …… ?7 ” 17 jf / pl plrr ki`j ki`jkf kf / vêk @J l BT ILTKFH@I ILTK FH@IK®… K®………. ……. ?7 - 17 j jff / pl plrr ki ki`jkf `jkf / vêk @@J JlB BT T l

=.

Mljokt`r fk kibj`k mli KIQ@KIBJ@ML] l CBJKQLWLPBQ@ML]> CBJKQLWLPBQ@ML]> CBJKQLDL]® CBJKQLDL ]® …….. ?7 jf / ;77 eh WT. / v`k @J, ]M l BT. l CBJKQLWKI®…….. CBJKQLWK I®…….. ?7 jf / ki`jkf / a`kr`l au aurkitb rkitb = aêks. l

Fk prbvbim`ýi abob ckmbrsb tljkial jba`aks ab brrka`mkm`ýi ab fks hkrrkpktks, jba`kitb okûls ab `ijbrs`ýi `ijbrs`ýi l ksp kspbrs`ýi brs`ýi mli hhkrrkpkt`m`aks krrkpkt`m`aks mljl @IILQ_@I @IILQ_@I®, ®, QKJOKM QKJOKM® ® l `iyb `iybmtkofbs mtkofbs pkrk pkrës`tls bxtbrils k oksb ab @vbrjbmt`iks mljl mli Olv`jbm F.K®, @vljbm®, @vbrpfus® btm.

KIKW KWFK FK]J ]JL] L]@] @]>> 1. KI Bf khbitb bt`lfýh`ml bs fk _@EBQQ]@K>  Kikpfksjk jkrh`ikfb, bf mukf bs trkisj`t`ak plr hkrrkpktks, ab fls ki`jkfbs `idbmtkals k fls skils. Bi kfhuils mksls pubab sbr trkisj`t`ak plr jlsmks ab bstkofls y jlsqu`tls, tkjo`ài pubab sbr k trkvàs ab nbr`ihks, ikvknks, jkrmkalrbs u ltrls bqu`pls qub ckyki tbi`al mlitkmtl mli skihrb `idbmtkak. Bstls pk Bstls pkrë rës`t s`tls ls tkj tkjo`à o`ài i v`v v`vbi bi ab abit itrl rl ab fl flss hfý hfýouf oufls ls rlnls rlnls (` (`it itrkb rkbr`t r`trlm rlm`tk `tkr`l r`ls) s) al alia iabb sb juft`pf`mki ckstk flhkr rbvbitkrfl rbvbitkrfl y abstru`rfl, fubhl skfbi y sb uo`mki bi ltrls hfýoufls rlnls. Fk bidbrjbaka pubab sbr ab mursl khual, jki`dbstëialsb fls ki`jkfbs kilrbx`k, abprbs`ýi, d`borb kftk (17 k 1; ¾M), ¾M), oknk fk prlaumm`ý prlaumm`ýi i fëmtbk, fubhl kibj`k, absc`arkt absc`arktkm`ýi km`ýi y fl mkrkmtbr mkrkmtbrêst`ml êst`ml bs qub prbsbitk uik sbvbrk @MQB_@M@K (jumlsks kjkr`ffbitks) s`i CBJLHFLO@IR_@K (lr`ik f`hbrkjbitb rlskak). Fls trktk trktkj`bitls j`bitls jës bd`mkmbs ml mlis`stbi is`stbi pr pr`jbrl `jbrl bi fk kpf kpf`mkm`ýi `mkm`ýi ab  

pkrk oknkr fk d`borb mljl ILTKFH@IK®, MKFJKH@IB®, MKFJKH@IB®, O@LTKFH@IK O@LTKFH@IK® ® btm.  Kit`p`ràt`mls> k oksb ab ab QBQ_ QBQ_KM@ KM@MF@I MF@IK] K] mljl mljl>>  Kit`o`ýt`mls> - O@LJ@^LIK > als`s ab ; jf / ;7 eh WT / vêk @J. Wrlduiak / = aêks. - LS@JKS > als`s ab ; jf / ;7 eh WT / vêk @J. Wrlduiak / = a aêêks. - AR_K AR_KJPM JPM@I @I =7 =77 7 F.K. > als`s a abb ; jf / ;7 eehh WT / vêk @J pr prldui lduiak ak / þi`mk þi`mk vbz vbz.. >a alls` s`ss a abb ; jf / ;7 eh WT / vêk @J prlduiak / þ þi i`mk vbz - LS@QBQ ?7 FK



_bmlist`tuybitbs _bmlist`tuybitbs>> pkrk rbmupbrkrfl ab fk kibj`k y bst`ju bst`jufkr fkr bf kpbt`tl, mljl> >a alls`s a abb ? ?7 7 jf/ p pllr ki`jkf / vêk ]]M M, @@J J, B BT T /= a aêêks. - CBJKQLT@Q - CBJKQLDL] >a alls`s a abb ;7 jf / plr ki`jkf / vvêêk ]M, @J, BT / 2 aêks. - CBJ CBJKQL KQLWK WKI IO O;? ;? > al als`s s`s ab ?7 jf / plr ki ki`jk `jkff / vêk ]M, @J, BT / = aêk aêks. s.

 KIQ@O@LQ@ML K OK]B AB LS@QBQ_KM@MF@IK LS@QBQ_KM@MF@IK JK] JK] KIQ@@IDFKJKQL_@L KIQ@@IDFKJKQL_@L

_BMLI]Q@QRPBIQB _BMLI]Q@QRPBIQB (O@LJLIQ)

Fk prbvbim`ýi bs ui ui prlofbjk, ab abo`al o`al k fk hrki mkit`a mkit`aka ka ab vbmtlrb vbmtlrbss qub bx`stbi, pb pbrl rl fl jës bmliýj`ml y prëmt`ml bs okûkr pbr`ýa pbr`ýa`mkjbitb `mkjbitb kf hkika hkikall mli hkrrkpkt`m`aks hkrrkpkt`m`aks mljl ORQLS ®. Fls ki`jkfbs qub slorbv`vbi k fk kikpfksjls`s khuak abskrrlffki abskrrlffki ui bstkal ab plrtkalr mrýi`ml,

]KI@AKA KI@JKF

J.T. NRKI JKIQ@FFK O_@LIB]

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@.B.].Q.W. ‖MBDLW MKNKJK_MK‚

D_LQ@] AB ]KIH_B QBÛ@AL MLI H@BJ]K. ALIAB ]B LO]B_TK BF KIKWFK]JK JK_H@IKFB .

MLMM MM@A @A@L @L]@ ]@]> ]> 2. ML Bf khbitb bt`lfýh`ml bs ui W_LQL^LL abf hàibrl B`jbr`k. sli pkrës`tl pkrës`tlss `itrkmbfufkrb `itrkmbfufkrbss ab fks màfufk màfufkss bp`tbf`kfbs abf `itbst`il, `itbst`il, kftkjbitb kftkjbitb bspbmêd`mls bstk bidbrjba bidbrjbaka ka sb mkrkmtbr`zk plr uik `ivks`ýi khuak abf `itbst`il, mkuski mkuskial al abstru abstrumm`ýi mm`ýi ab fk jumlsk5 prb prbsbitëialsb sbitëialsb a a`krrbk `krrbk (k vbmbs mli skihrb), d`borb, kilrbx`k, pàra`ak ab pbsl, absc`arktkm`ýi, bjkm`km`ýi y k vbmbs jubrtb abf ki`jkf. Kdbmtk hbibrkfjbitb hbibrkfjbitb k fls tbribrls, qub sb `idb `idbmtki mtki plr `ih `ihbst`ýi bst`ýi ab ffls ls llqu`stbs bsplrufkals qub bstëi bi bf pkstl, bf khuk khuk l bf kf`jbitl, bstls llqu`st llqu`stbs bs f`obrki fls bsplrlzl`tls qub pbibtrki fks màfufks bp`tbf`kfbs bp`tbf`kfbs abf `itbst`il. Fl Flss kauftl kauftlss subfbi sbr `ijuibs, kuiq kuiqub ub tkjo`ài sli kdbmtkals. Bf trktkj`bitl mljpfbtl mlis`stb bi fk kaj`i`strkm`ýi rëp`ak ab jba`mkjbitls qub ckhki fks s`hu`bitbs kmm`libs> kmm`libs> *abstruy *abstruyki ki kf pkrës`tl, * kf`v`bi fk cbjlr cbjlrrkh`k rkh`k y *abtbihki ffkk a`krrbk. ;. Wkr Wkrkk abstru` abstru`rr kf pkrës pkrës`tl `tl>> sb pubabi pubabi uskr uskr ]RFDKTBQ® > als`s> ? hr / ;2 eh WT /vêk lrkf / aurkitb 2 aêks l l ]RFW_@JKS-M® > Als`s tbribrls ; mljpr`j`al mkak 3 clrks. QLFMLMS > Als`s = jf /;7 eh WT / vêk lrkf / aurkitb =-2 aêks. l ?. Qkjo`b Qkjo`bi i sb pubab pubabi i uskr uskr `iy `iybmt bmtko kofbs, fbs, mlj mljl l l OL_HKF® > Al Als`s ab ?7 jf / plr ki`jkf / = a aêêks. ]RFDKQ_@J® > als`s ab ; jf / ;2 eh WT / @iybmtkofb> vêk ]M, @J, BT. l =. Jba`mkjbitl Jba`mkjbitlss rbmlist`t rbmlist`tuybit uybitbs bs y kit`ki kit`kiàj`mls àj`mls mljl CBJKQLT@Q® > Als`s ?7 jf/ plr ki`jkf / Têk ]M, @J, BT / = aêks l CBJ CB JKQL QLW WKI O O; ;? >A Als ls``s a abb ? ?7 7 jf / p pllr kki i`jkf `jkf / vvêk êk ]M ]M,, @@J J, B BT T / = aê aêks ks.. l Bi bstkofls aliab fk bidbrjbaka bs mlistkitb, sb t`bib qub prbvbi`r, ut`f`zkial MLMM@A@L]QËQ@ML], bi khuk ab obo`ak l bi fls mlimbitrkals.

 KIQ@MLMM@A@KIL T@K T@K L_KF

]KI@AKA KI@JKF

KIQ@MLMM@A@KIL KIQ@MLMM@A@KIL] ] @IPBMQKOF @IPBMQKOFB] B]

J.T. NRKI JKIQ@FFK O_@LIB]

;;=

 

@.B.].Q.W. ‖MBDLW MKNKJK_MK‚

WK_Ë]@QL] WFR_@MBFRFK_B] Fls bialpkrës`tls l pkrës`tls `itbrils, sli kqubffls qub sb flmkf`zki abitrl abf lrhki`sjl abf ki`jkf, y sb mkrkmtbr`zki plr qub sb kf`jbitki ab skihrb, tbn`als mlrplrkfbs y f`idk5 mkuskial pr`im`pkfjbitb a`sj`ium`ýi ab fk prlaumm`ýi fëmtbk bi vkmks FBMCB_K] y rbtrksl abf mrbm`j`bitl bi tbribrls, tbribrls, qub sli fls jës kdbmt kdbmtkals kals y jës abf`mkals k fls pkrës`tls, bi mljp mljpkrkm`ýi krkm`ýi k kauftls. ]b mfks`d`mki bi> IBJKQCBFJ@IQL]

CBFJ@IQL]

WFKQCBFJ@IQL]

IBJËQLAL]> Ksmkr`s, Mllpbr`k btm Q_BJËQLAL]> Dksm`lfk cbpët`mk MÀ]QLAL]>

IBJKQLAL HK]Q_L@IQB]Q@IKF

MB]QLAL> QBI@K

Qbi`k.

Q_BJKQLAL> DK]M@LFK

 K. IBJKQBFJ@IQL]> Wbrtbibm Wbrt bibmbi bi k bst bstbb hr hrupl upl fls IBJ IBJËQL ËQLAL], AL], bstl bstlss sli pkrë pkrës`tl s`tlss ffk ffkjkal jkalss tk tkjo`ài jo`ài WK_Ë]@QL] _BALIAL], y qub t`bibi fks s`hu s`hu`bitbs `bitbs mkrkmtbr mkrkmtbrêst`mks êst`mks hbibrkfbs> ;. ]li huskils, il sbhjbitkals ab s`jbtrêk o`fktbrkf, m`fêiar`mk y kfkrhkak. ?. Wrbsbitki kpkrktl a`hbst`vl, prlv`stl ab olmk y kobrturk kikf. =. Il plsbbi m`f`ls bi i`ihuik btkpk ab su m`mfl o`lfýh`ml. 1. Q`bibi sbxls sbpkrkals> jkmcl y cbjork 2. ]u m`mfl v`tkf pubab sbr A@_BMQL l `imfu`r ui Cl Clspbabrl spbabrl @itbrjba @itbrjba`kr`l. `kr`l. Abitrl ab fls pr`im`pkfbs IBJËQLAL] qub kdbmtk kf hkikal tbibjls>

WK_K]@QL] HK]Q_L @IQB]Q@IKFB]

WK_K]@QL] WRFJLIK_B] WK_K]@QL] _BIKFB] WK_K]@QL] BI ML_K^LI

]KI@AKA KI@JKF

 Ksmkr`s Mckvbrt`k Ouilstljuj Mllpbr`k Ibjktla`rus ]trlihyfl`abs Ckbjlimcus Lstbrtkh`k Qr`mclstrlihyfus Qr`mcur`s Lbslpckhlstljuj Aymt`lmkufus Jbtkstrlihyfus ]tbpckiurus A`rld`fkr`k `ij`t`s

@IQB]Q@IL](MB_AL]) @IQB]Q@IL] (LTBNK]) @IQB]Q@IL ABFHKAL @IQB]Q@IL ABFHKAL @IQB]Q@IL ABFHKAL @IQB]Q@IL ABFHKAL  KOLJK]L  KOLJK]L @@IQ. ABFHKAL KOLJK]L M@BHL @IQB]Q@IL H_RB]L WRFJLIB] (TKMRIL]) WRFJLIB] (MB_AL]) _@ÛLIB] (MB_AL]) ML_K^LI (MKI@IL])

J.T. NRKI JKIQ@FFK O_@LIB]

;;1

 

@.B.].Q.W. ‖MBDLW MKNKJK_MK‚

HK]Q_LBIQB_ BIQB_@Q@] @Q@] TB_J@ TB_J@IL]K IL]K BI _RJ@KIQB _RJ@KIQB]]> ;. HK]Q_L Bs uik bidbrjbaka bidbrjbaka qub kdbmtk kf bstý bstýjkhl jkhl y k fls `itbst`ils `itbst`ils ab fls ruj`kitbs, mku mkuskal skal plr a`vbrsl a`vbrslss t`pls ab pkrës`tls. ]li kdbmtkals ab prbdbrbim`k fls ki`jkfbs t`brils y hrupls ab hkikal qub v`vbi drbmubitbjbitb drbmubitbj bitb bi tbrrbil tbrrbilss cþjbals, pkit pkitkilsls kilsls y/l `iu `iuiakals. iakals. Fls pr`im`pkfbs pkr pkrës`tls ës`tls sli> ILJO_B WK WK_Ë]@QL

Ouilstljui. Mllpbr`k. Ibjktla`rus

FLMKF@^KM@ÝI  

l

 

l  

]trlihyfl`abs Ckbjlimcus. Lstbrtkh`k Qr`mclstrlihyfus Lbslpckhlstljuj. Qr`mcur`s

l

 

l

 

l

 

 

l  

l  

l l

@.A. @.A. @.A. @.A. KOLJK]L KOLJK]L @.A. P KOLJK]L @.H. M@BHL

Bf m`mfl o`lfýh`ml ab bstls pkrës`tls bs JLILSBIL (a`rbmtl), pubs uik fkrvk `idbstkitb uik vbz `ihbr`ak, kfmkizk su bstkal kauftl jës l jbils bi ?2 aêks, uo`mëialsb bspbm`kfjbitb bi bf muknkr, `itbst`il abfhkal y pr`jbrks plrm`libs abf `itbst`il hrubsl. Fls sêitljks mkrkmtbrêst`mls sli>       

_bmc`ikj`bitl ab a`bitbs. Qrkstlrils hkstrl`itbst`ikfbs hrkvbs. T`bitrb kouftkal, pbfl fkrhl, ëspbrl y br`zkal. A`krrbks drbmubitbs, ab mlflr vbralsl, lsmurl, k vbmbs f`qu`ak y cbjlrrëh`mk. Kabfhkzkj`bitll prlhrbs`vl Kabfhkzkj`bit prlhrbs`vl,, kilrbx`k. Babjk drêl b `ialflrl bi fk rbh`ýi suojkx`fkr. Ksm`t`s. Kflpbm`k, sba, kibj`k, absc`arktkm`ýi absc`arktkm`ýi hbibrkf, pkf`abz ab jumlsks, sbmrbm`libs lmufkrbs.

FK_TK] AB IBJKQLAL] ABIQ_L AB RIK HLQK AB _LM@L

M@MFL O@LFLH@ML AB Q_@MCL]Q_LIHPFR] BI OLT@IL]

?. O_LI[ O_LI[R@Q@] R@Q@] TB_J@ TB_J@IL]@] IL]@] WRFJL WRFJLIK_> IK_> Bstk bidbrjbaka nuitl k fk kitbr`lr bs fk ab jkylr prbvkfbim`k bi iubstrks zliks hkikabrks. Bs mkuskak mkusk ak plr bf pkrë pkrës`tl s`tl A`mt`l A`mt`lmkufu mkufuss v`v`pkrus v`v`pkrus. Bf jkmcl j`ab ab =-3 mj y fk cbjork 2-;7mj. y sb flmkf`zki bi fk pkrtb `idbr`lr a abb fls fýou fýoufls fls pufj pufjlikrbs, likrbs, qub bstëi bi mlitkmtl mli bf a`kd a`kdrkhjk. rkhjk. Mukial fk `idbstkm`ýi `idbstkm`ýi bs hrkvb, ckstk sb pubabi fl flmkf`zkr mkf`zkr bi fls orliqu`ls y bi fk trëqubk. Bf m`mf m`mfll o`lf o`lfýh`m ýh`mll ab bstls pkrës pkrës`tls `tls tkj tkjo`ài o`ài bs a`rbmtl a`rbmtl.. Fks cbjorks, bf`j`ik bf`j`iki i fls cubvl cubvlss fkrvkals fkrvkals,, pua`bial bstls bmfls`likr bi bf kpkrktl rbsp`rktlr`l y fubhl sli bf`j`ikals mli fls bstlriuals l clspbabrl abrl abd` abd`i`t`v i`t`vl, l, sb mlit mlitkj`ik kj`ik kf mli fks cbmbs. Rik vbz bi bf subfl, sb trkisdlrjk bi F?. F? . Bf clspb mlisuj`r fk fkrvk `idbstkitb F=. F=. Rik vbz bi bf `itbst`il kfmkizki fk vêk skihuêibk y f`idët`mk, pkrk plstbr`lrjbitb plstbr`lrjbi tb a`r`h`rsb ckm`k fls WRFJLIB].

]KI@AKA KI@JKF

J.T. NRKI JKIQ@FFK O_@LIB]

;;2

 

@.B.].Q.W. ‖MBDLW MKNKJK_MK‚

Mukial fk `idbstkm`ýi bs `itbisk, kujbitk bf iþjbrl ab ki`jkfbs kdbmtkals y pubabi losbrvkrsb kutàit`mls pkrlx`sjls ab tls, mli bf bf`j`ikm`ýi `j`ikm`ýi a abb hruj hrujls ls ab JLML]5 qub mlit mlit`bibi `bibi TB_JB] kauftls, CRBTL] y FK_TK] abjlstrkofbs bi bf fkolrktlr`l fkolrktlr`l55 cky dfunl ikskf sbrljumlsl, a`sibk, mktkrrl ikskf, kibj`k. Bi fk rbv`s`ýi ab pufjlibs pufjlibs plst jlrtbj jlrtbj,, bi bf bxtrbjl plstbr plstbr`lr `lr sb losbrvki pkrës pkrës`tls `tls qub bstëi lostruybial lostruybial fk ffuz uz ab mliaumtl mliaumtlss pbqubûls, kabjë kabjëss cky bxuaka bxuakall bi orliqu`l orliqu`ls. s.

FK_TK] AB IBJKQLAL] BI RIK HLQK AB _LM@L

M@MFL O@LFLH@ML ABF A` mtylmkufl mtylmkuflss v `v`pkrus

Q_KQ Q_ KQKJ KJ@B @BIQ IQL L HBIB HBIB_KF _KF ML MLIQ IQ_K _K IB IBJK JKQLA QLAL] L] (W (WK_ K_K] K]@Q @QL] L] _BAL _BALIA IAL] L])> )> bi fk kmtukf`aka bx`stbi bstls(@IPBMQKOFB]), pkrës`tls rbalials, jba`mkjbitls pkrk ui sbr s`iiþjbrl uskals tkitlabvêkjba`mkjbitls lrkf, mljl vêkmlitrk pkrbitbrkf abitrlbx`stbi ab fls pr`im`pkfbs tbibjls> k.

Jba`mkjbitls vêk lrkf> sli sustkim`ks ab prbsbitkm`ýi fêqu`ak y sb kaj`i`strki vêk lrkf, sbk purl l a`fu`al bi khuk. ]b ka kaj`i`strki j`i`strki bjpfbki bjpfbkial al bqu`pl a abb als`d`mkm`ýi ml mli i mëiufks l slia sliaks5 ks5 bi kfhuils mksls sb pubab bjpfbkr bjpfbkr uik oltbffk. Fls kit`pkrks`tk kit`pkrks`tkr`ls r`ls qub sb kpf`mki vêk lrkf sb rbmlj`biak prlplrm`likrfl prlplrm`likrfl ab prbdbrbim`k bi kyuiks. Fls pr`im`pkfbs pr`im`p`ls kmt`vls sli W_@IM@W@L KMQ@TL

KFOBIAK^LF (Têk lrkf)

DBOBIAK^LF Têk lrkf

]KI@AKA KI@JKF

W_LARMQL MLJB_M@KF KO^ % KITB_ ;2% ML__KF DL_QB ;2 % B]MRABS ;8% J@M_LWK_K] ;7%

FKOL_KQL_@L  Khrlvbtjkrebt Fkok Fkolabm [u`j`mk su`zk Fkols`f

2S; TKMRIL+ ML ]KI@OBIAK^LF TKFTK^BI TBQKFOBI ;2% TB_JL]LF TB_J@S‐] [RK^LFB ;2% _BQKW]LF FROBIAK^LFB

O`ljlit Jlitkik Wd`zbr  @iilvk O`lvbt Q[M Bx`jvbt _bkik Fudski

WKIKMR_ WK_K]@QBS DO^ ;?.2% WK_KDBS EP_LMR_ WFLM@I ;7%

@itbrvbt  Khrlvbtjkrebt  Ksvbt E`rlvbt Tbtbrqu`j`mk

J.T. NRKI JKIQ@FFK O_@LIB]

;;4

 

@.B.].Q.W. ‖MBDLW MKNKJK_MK‚

o. Jba`mkjbitls vêk pkrbitbrkf> sli jba`mkjbitls `iybmtkofbs, qub pubabi sbr k oksb ab FBTKJ@]LF (qub mljoktbi mljoktbi pr`im`pkfj pr`im`pkfjbitb bitb pkrës`t pkrës`tls ls pufjlik pufjlikrbs) rbs) y k oksb ab @TB_JBMQ@IK] (BIABMQLM@AK] qub mljoktbi tkitl bmtlpkrës`tls mljl pkrës`tls). Abitrl ab bstls jba`mkjbitls tbibjls>

W_@IM@W@L

W_LA W_ LARM RMQL QL MLJB_ MLJB_M@ M@KF KF

FK FKOL OL_K _KQL QL_@ _@L L

@TLJBM®  @TLJBM® HLFA @TLJBM®-D OKPJBM® W_LFLIH O@LJ@]@F®  OL OLT@ T@JB JBM® M® ;% OL OLT@ T@JB JBM® M® ?% OL OLT@ T@JB JBM® M® F.K F.K. OLT@ OLT@JB JBM® M® F.K F.K- KAB OLT@JBM® OLT@ JBM® BQ@[R BQ@[RBQK BQK K^RF K^RF OL OLT@ T@JB JBM® M® - D @]WB_T@M® F.K. @TB_WFR]® F.K. @TB_]KI®  @TB_JKS®  @TB_JBMQ@IK® ;% LTB_ @TB_JBMQ@IK® F.K. Wrbj`uj TB_JBMQ@I F.K. Wrbj`uj _KIE® F.K.

Jbr`kf-@iilvk Jbr`kf-@iilvk Jbr`kf-@iilvk Okybr 

KMQ@TL

@TB_JBMQ@IK] (Biabmtlm`aks)

_@TB_J®  OKHLJBMQ@IK®  Q_R]Q-KAB®. ^BR ^BR]® ;% MBTKJBM

FBTKJ@]LF

W_LTB_]LF ;2% W_LFBTKI ;2% O@LJ@]LF DL_QB-;2% WK_K]@QKO DL_QB

O`ljlit  Khrlvbt jkrebt  Khrlvbt jkrebt  Khrlvbt jkrebt  Khrlvbt jkrebt  Khrlvbt jkrebt  Khrlvbt jkrebt @iilvk Fkolabm Fudski  Ksvbt Bx`jvbt Bx`jvbt Bx`jvbt

Ilvkrt`s

Jlitkik Mbvk Jlitkik O`ljlit Qkofbr 

Ri trktkj`bitl rbmljbiakal pkrk bf`j`ikr pkrës`tls rbalials abf s`stbjk s`s tbjk a`hbst`vl sbr`k> ;. Bf`j`i Bf` krmkjb fls fls pk pkrës rës`tl `tls mli IBJKQ@M Q@M@AK @AK]] mljl> mljl> k. j`ikr Jba` Jb a`mk jbit itls ls vê vêk k slr lrkf kf>> IBJK l TB_J@S® (KFOBIAK^LFB) Als`s ;.7 jf / ;7 eh WT / vê v êk llrrkf. WFLM@I®;7% (DBOBIAK^LFB) Als`s ?.2 jf / 27 eh WT / vêk lrkf. l o. Jba Jba`mk `mkjbi jbitl tlss vêk pkr pkrbit bitbrk brkf> f> W_LFBTKI®;2% (FBTKJ@]LF) Als`s ;.7 jf / =7 eh WT / vêk ]M l @J. l O@LJ@]LF®DL_QB (FBTKJ@]LF) Als`s ; ;..7 jf / =7 eh WT / vêk ]M l @J. l m. BI BIAB ABMQ MQLM@ LM@AK AK]> ]> qub bf`j`i bf`j`iki ki pkrës`t pkrës`tls ls `itbri `itbrils ls (i (ibjk bjktl tlal als) s) y tkjo`ài tkjo`ài bxtbr bxtbrils ils>> OLT@JBM® (@TB_JBMQ@IK) Als`s ;.7 jf / eh WT / vêk ]M. l @TB_J@M® (@TB_JBMQ@IK) Als`s ;.7 jf / eh WT / vêk ]]M M. l ?. Kpf Kpf`mk `mkrr _bmlis _bmlist`t t`tuyb uybitb itbss y kpr kprlvb lvbmck mckrr su kmm`ý kmm`ýi i ki kit`-k t`-kiàj iàj`mk `mk l cbj cbjktl ktlply plyàt` àt`mk> mk> >A Alls`s ? ?7 7j jff/ p pllr kki i`j `jkkf / Têk ]]M M, @@J J, B BT T /= a aêk êkss l CBJKQLT@Q® CBJKQLWK QLWKI® I® L_L > Als` Als`ss ?7 jf / pl plrr ki`j ki`jkf kf / vêk ]M ]M,, @J, B BT T / = aêks. l CBJK CBJKQLJ QLJ@M® @M® WFR WFR]] > Als`s ?7 j jff / plr ki`j ki`jkf kf / vêk ]M, @J @J,, BT / = aêks l CBJK

]KI@AKA KI@JKF

J.T. NRKI JKIQ@FFK O_@LIB]

;;8

 

@.B.].Q.W. ‖MBDLW MKNKJK_MK‚

 KIQ@WK_K]@QK_@L L_KF K OK]B  KIQ@WK_K]@QK_@L KFOBIAK^LFB AB WK_K AL]@D@MKM@LI AB OLT@IL]

 KIQ@WK_K]@QK_@L @IPBMQKOFB K OK]B AB  KIQ@WK_K]@QK_@L FBTKJ@]LF B]WBM@KF WK_K BF@J@IKM@LI AB WK_K]@QL] WRFJLIK_B].

BIABMQLM@AK @IPBMQKOFB K OK]B AB @TB_JBMQ@IK WK_K BF@J@IKM@LI AB WK_K]@QL] @IQB_IL] _BALIAL] P WK_K]@QL] BSQB_IL].

KFRJIL] ABF @]Q MBDLW MKNKJK_MK KWF@MKIAL JBA@MKJBIQL] T@K @IQ_KJR]MRFK_

O. WF WFKQB KQBFJ FJ@I @IQL QL]] Bstls pkrës`tls pkrës`tls `itbrils sb mkrkmt mkrkmtbr`zki br`zki plr sbr WF WFKIL]5 KIL]5 y sb mfks`d mfks`d`mki `mki bi als hrupls> Q_BJ BJËQ ËQLA LAL] L]>> sli huskils qub sb mkrkmtbr`zki plr> ab s`jbtrêk o`fktbrkf ;. Q_  Q`bib bf mubrpl pfkil pkrbm`al k uik clnk  Mubrpl prbsbitk prbsbitk s`jbtrêk o`fktbrkf y IL bs sbhjbitkal  Kpkrktl a`hbst`vl prlv`stl ab olmk s`i kobrturk kikf.  Bs CB_JKD_LA@QK> prbsbitk fls als sbxls clspbabrls ls `itbrjba`kr`ls.  ]u m`mfl v`tkf bs @IA@_BMQL> ibmbs`tki ab clspbabr  Wbrtbibmbi k bstb hrupl fk Dksm`lfk cbpët`mk, Dksm`lfk h`hkit`mk, btm. ?. MÀ]QLAB]> sli huskils qub prbsbitki bf mubrpl mli s`jbtrêk o`fktbrkf>.  ]li cbrjkdrla`tks> prbsbitki fls als sbxls s bxls  Mubrpl prbsbitk s`jbtrêk o`fktbrkf y bs sbhjbitkal. a`hbst`vl prlv`stl ab olmk s`i kobrturk kikf.  Kpkrktl a`hbst`vl  Bs CB_JKD_LA@QK prbsbitk fls als sbxls.  ]u m`mfl v`tkf bs @IA@_BMQL> ibmbs`tki ab clspbabr clspbabrls ls `itbrjba`kr`ls.  Wbrtbibmbi k bstb hrupl fk Qbi`k slf`uj, Qbi`k skh`iktk, btm.

DK]M@LFK]@]> Bstk bidbrjbaka pkrks`tkr`k bs mkuskal plr fk Dks Dksm`l m`lfk fk Cbpët`m Cbpët`mkk, qub bs mlilm`al tkjo`ài mljl aubfk cbpët`mk, cbpët`mk, aêstljk cbpët`ml, kf`muy kf`muyk, k, skhukypb, nkffl nkffl btm. Bi bstkal kauft kauftll sb flmkf`zk bi fls mliaumtls o`f`krbs abf cêhkal, sbk ab vkmuils, lv`ils, mkpr`ils, plrm`ils, bqu`ils, mkjàf`als suakjbr` suak jbr`mkil mkils, s, mlib mlibnl nl y k ckstk bi bf cljorb cljorb.. ]KI@AKA KI@JKF

J.T. NRKI JKIQ@FFK O_@LIB]

;;3

 

@.B.].Q.W. ‖MBDLW MKNKJK_MK‚

 Khbitb Bt`lfýh`ml> bs fk Dksm`lfk Dksm`lfk cbpë cbpët`mk t`mk,, qub mukial mukial bs kauftk bs ab mlflr pkrauzml, bs kmcktkal y t`bib fk dlrjk ab uik clnk. J`ab ab ?”= mj. ab fkrhl, plr ; mj. ab kimcl. ]b kf`jbitk ab ]KIH_B P F@IDK, bf`j`ikial sustkim`ks týx`mks mljl absbmcls, k jlal ab výj`tls, absbmcls qub sb kfjkmbiki bi fls mkikfêmufls, lostruyàialfls. Bs CB_JKD_LA@QK bs abm`r qub t`bib kjols sbxls y mukial bs kauftl sb kutldbmui kutldbmuiak, ak, bf`j`ikial cubvls dàrt`fbs.

M`mfl O`lfýh`ml> Rik Dksm`lfk kauftk plib ab 277 k ?7,777 cubvls a`kr`ls, bi fls mkikfêmufls o`f`krbs, ab kffê sli krrkstrkals plr bf nuhl o`f`kr ckm`k bf `itbst`il y fubhl sli bf`j`ikals kf bxtbr`lr nuitl kf bst`àrmlf. Fls cubvls bf`j`ikals, bi ui kjo`bitb cþjbal y tbjpbrkt tbjp brkturk urk dk dkvlrk vlrkofb ofb bvlf bvlfum`l um`liki iki k J@_ J@_KM@A KM@A@RJ @RJ àst àstbb J`r`km`a`uj abob bimlitrkr k ui mkrkmlf abf hàibrl  F`jikbk clspbabrl `itbrjba`kr`l, `itbrjba`kr`l, pkrk bitrkr bbi i àf y v`ktr`x, qub bs bf clspbabrl v`v`r uik pkrtb ab su v`ak kffê, abitrl abf mkrkmlf5 ab fl mlitrkr`l s` s` bf J@_@KM J@_@KM@A@RJ @A@RJ il bimubitrk kf mkrkmlf bi ui pfkzl ab ?1 cl clrks rks jubr jubrb, b, jës kui s` sl sli i tbrrbil tbrrbilss sbmls.

DK]M@LFK CBWËQ@MK KARFQK

Bf J@_KM@A@RJ abitrl abf mkrkmlf, pbrjkibmb ckstk = jbsbs y sudrb uik sbr`b ab trkisdlrjkm`libs abitrl ab àf, Wkski plr fks dlrjks fkrvkr`ks ab _BA@K y, B]WL_LM@]QL, skf`bial kf d`ikf mljl MB_MK_@K (ab mkak cubvl pubabi skf`r ab 82 k ;47 mbrmkr`ks). Bstk mbrmkr`k prbsbitk uik bspbm`b ab mlfk, qub fb ak jlv`o`f`aka bi bf khuk, pbrj`t`àialfb kvkizkr ckstk bimlitrkr uik pfkitk, uo`mëialsb bi fks clnks, aliab sb kac`brb y bvlfum`lik k JBQKMB_MK_@K. Fk JBQKMB_MK_@K bs bf ‖Bstkal @idbmt`vl‚ ab fk Dksm`lfk cbpët`mk. Wlstbr`lrjbitb, bf olv`il skil `ih`brb bf pkstl mlitkj`ikal mli fks JBQKMB_MK_@K], JBQKMB_MK_@K], qub uik vbz bi bf rujbi, sb trkisdlrjki bi dksm`lfks nývbibs, nývbibs, qub ktrkv`bski fls `itbst`ils y ffbhki kf cêhkal, kf mukf fl ktrkv`bski ckm`bial tþibfbs y ffbhki k fls mkik mkikfêmufls fêmufls o`f`krb o`f`krbs, s, aliab vv`v`rëi `v`rëi ui kp kprlx`jkal rlx`jkal a abb ………… ……………………… ………………..KÛL]. …..KÛL]. Ri slfl J@_@KM@A@RJ J@_@KM@A@RJ pu pubab bab prlaum`r ck ckstk stk 477 mbrmkr mbrmkr`ks, `ks, bi ui jba`l kjo`bitb kabmukal. kabmukal.

M@MFL O@LFÝH@ML O@LFÝH@ML AB FK DK]M@LFK CBWËQ@MK CL]WBAB_L ABD@I@Q@ ABD@I@Q@TL TL

JBQKMB_MK_@K CRBTL

MB_MK_@K

J@_@KM@A@RJ

CL]WBAB_L @IQB_JBA@K_@L

]KI@AKA KI@JKF

J.T. NRKI JKIQ@FFK O_@LIB]

;;0

 

@.B.].Q.W. ‖MBDLW MKNKJK_MK‚

WKQLHBI@K> Fls pr`jbrls sêitl sêitljks jks kpkrbmbi kprl kprlx`jkakjbitb x`jkakjbitb k fl flss als jbsbs ab `idbmtk `idbmtkal, al, mkrkmtbr`zëialsb plr qub bf vkmuil t`bib pàra`ak ab pbsl, a`krrbk `itbisk bi krml y mli prbsbim`k ab ourounks, mlflrkm`ýi kjkr`ffbitk ab lnl y bimêks. Wlstbr`lrjbitb fk a`krrbk sb ckmb jës `itbisk, fk p`bf sbmk, bf pbfl ëspbrl y s`i or`ffl, fubhl kpkrbmbi BABJK], suojkia`oufkrbs, suojkia`oufkrbs, bi fk pkpkak y bi bf v`bitrb (K]M@Q@]) d`ikfjbitb bf ki`jkf jubrb absiutr`al. Fls tbribrls sli fls jës sbis`ofbs y fls jës kdbmtkal kdbmtkals, s, prbsbitkial kftk jlrtkf`aka5 j`bitrks qub fls vkmuils kauftls prbsbitki m`brtk rbs`stbim`k A@KHIÝ]Q@ML P Q_KQKJ@BIQL> Bf a`khilst`ml prbsuit`vl sb pubab rbkf`zkr jba`kitb fk KIKJIB]@], abtbrj`ikial bf fkpsl ab t`bjpl qub il sb ck als`d`mkal5 als`d`mkal5 kply kplykal kal ab fk losbrv losbrvkm`ýi km`ýi ab fks zliks cþjbaks ab abff jba`l kjo`bitb5 kjo`b itb5 jës fls s`h s`hils ils y sêit sêitljk ljkss bxtbri bxtbrils. ls. Bf a`kh a`khiýst iýst`ml `ml abd abd`i`t` `i`t`vl vl sb fl lot lot`bib `bib jba jba`kitb `kitb fl flss rbsuftkalss ab fks jubstrks ab cbmbs biv`kaks kf fkolrktlr rbsuftkal fkolrktlr`l. `l.

A@K__BK BI K_ML MK_KMQB_@]Q@ML AB FK DK]M@LFK]@] OLT@IK

Bf trktkj`bitl ab fk A@]QLJKQL]@] mlis`stb bi als`d`mkr k tlals fls ki`jkfbs kdbmtkals, bjpfbkial jba`mkjbitls jba`mkjbitls sbk vêk lrkf l `iybmtkofbs y trktkj`bitl trktkj`bitl ab kplyl> ;.  KWF@MKM@ÝI AB DK]M@LF@M@AK]> pkrk abstru`r fk dlrjk kauftk y nývbibs ab dksm`lfks> k. Jba`mkjbitls ab kpf`mkm`ýi lrkf> lrkf> - K ok oksb sb a abb Q_@MF Q_@MFKOBI KOBIAK^L AK^LFB FB ………. O`fbvli® -

^lf`ibx® ^lf`i bx® ;?.2 K oksb oksb ab ab MFL]KI MFL]KIQBF QBF ……………… …………………… …… Wrlskitbf®

Mflx flxkitb kitbf® f® o. Jba`mk Jba`mkjbi jbitls tls `iy `iybmt bmtko kofbs fbs - K ok oksb sb a abb I@Q_LS@I@F ………

Als`s ab ; jf / ;7 eh WT / vêk lrkf. Als`s ab ; jf / ;7 eh WT / vvêk êk lrkf Als`s ; ;..2 jf / ;7 eh WT./ vêk lrkf Al Alss`s ab ; jf / 17 eh WT. T.// vêk ]M ]M..

I`trli`x =1® als`s ab ; jf / 27 eh WT /vêk ]M. I`trlj`m® I`trl j`m® als` als`ss ab ; jf / 27 eh WT / vêk ]M.

IL ILQK QK>> BF Q_ Q_KQ KQKJ KJ@B @BIQ IQL L ML MLI I JB JBA@ A@MK MKJB JBIQ IQL] L] ML MLI I DK]M@LF@M@AK] ABOB _BKF@^K_] _BKF@ ^K_]B B BJWFBKIAL BJWFBKIAL MKAK MKAK TB^ RI JBA@M JBA@MKJBI KJBIQL QL AB OK]B OK]B [RÊJ [RÊJ@MK @MK A@DB_BIQB WK_K BT@QK_ FK _B]@]QBIM@K AB FK] DK]M@LFK] K FL] JBA@MKJBIQL]

?.  KWF@MKM@ÝI AB _BMLI]Q@QRPBIQB] jba`mkjbitls qub kyuaki k fk rrbhbibrkm`ýi bhbibrkm`ýi _BMLI]Q@QRPBIQB]>> qub sli jba`mkjbitls abf tbn`al cbpët`ml, cbpët`ml, y tkjo`ài sli ki kit`-kiàj`mls t`-kiàj`mls y bst`jufkitb bst`jufkitbss abf kpbt`tl mljl> > Als`s ?7 jf/ plr ki`jkf / Têk ]M, @J, BT / 2 aêks  CBJKQLT@Q®  

CBJKQL CBJ QLW WKI® L_L CBJK CB JKQL QLJ J@M® @M® W WFR FR]]

>A Als ls``s ?7 jf / pl plrr ki ki`j `jkf kf / vêk vêk ]M ]M,, @@J J, B BT T / 2 aêk êks. s. >A Als ls`s `s ?7 jf / p plr lr ki ki`j `jkf kf / vvêk êk ]M, ]M, @@J, J, BT / 2 aê aêks ks

. ]KI@AKA KI@JKF

J.T. NRKI JKIQ@FFK O_@LIB]

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@.B.].Q.W. ‖MBDLW MKNKJK_MK‚

_BMLI]Q@QRPBIQB] [RB ]LI CBWKQLW_LQBMQL_B], CBJKQ@I@ML] P B]Q@JRFKIQB] ABF KWBQ@QL .

W_@IM@W@L] KMQ@TL] P ILJO_B] MLJB_M@KFB] AB JBA@MKJBIQL] RQ@F@^KAL] BI BF Q_KQKJ@BIQL AB FK A@]QLJKQL]@] CBWKQ@MK BI _RJ@KIQB] ( DK]M@LF@M@AK] ) W_@I W_ @IM@ M@W@ W@L] L] KMQ@T MQ@TL] L]

MFL]KIQBF ( L_KF )

Q_@MFKOBIAK^LFB ( L_KF )

I@Q_LS@I@F ( @IPBMQKOFB )

ILJO ILJO_B _B] ] MLJB MLJB_M _M@K @KF FB]

FK FKOL OL_K _KQL QL_@ _@L L

Wrlskitbf® Dks`itbf® Mflxkitbf ®;7% (@IPBMQ) Mflvbtslf® A`stlski® ^ufbtbf® Lr Lrkf ^ufb ^ufbtb tbf® f® ;7% ;7% @i @iyybm bmtk tkof ofb b Dks`ibx® Dkx`mur® Dks`hki Wfus ® ?7% O`fbvli® A`stlvbt® ??.2% ^lf`ibx® ;?.2 ^lf`Wfus ;?77 Qr`ski® ;?.2 % Qr`vkitbf-;2® Mbvkzlfb® Wfus

Jlitkik @iilvk  Khrlvbtjkrebt Mbvk Fudski J`mrlsufbs J` J`mr mrls lsuf ufbs bs [u`j`mk ]u`zk @itbrvbt Fkolabm Okybr   Bx`jvbt O`ljlit @iilvk Jlitkik Khrlvbtjkrebt Mbvk

A`ltrvlbii`x`x® I I`trlj`m®

@Kihvrbltvsbkt-j Jkbre`kbft Fkols`f

W_LARMQL] TBQB_@IK_@L] @IPBMQKOFB] K OK]B AB I@Q_LS@I@F

]KI@AKA KI@JKF

J.T. NRKI JKIQ@FFK O_@LIB]

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@.B.].Q.W. ‖MBDLW MKNKJK_MK‚

DK]M@L @LF F@M@A @M@AK K @@I IPBMQKOFB

DK]M@LF @LF@M@AK] AB AB R R] ]L L L_ _KF K OK]B AB AB Q Q_ _@MFKOBIAK^LFB.

MK_KMLF ABF HBIB_L F@JIKBK

QKJ K KÛ ÛL] AB FK DK]M@LFK (@IJ KAR_K, NLTBI, KARFQK)

W_LD@FKS@]> Mljl jba`ak ab mlitrlf kit`pkrks`tkr`l, kit`pkrks`tkr`l, tkjo`ài sbrêk ibmbskr`l>  Ckmbr arbibs ab fks zliks cþjbaks y pkitkilsks, tbribrls pkstlrbbi bi zliks cþjbaks. cþjbaks.  Il pbrj`t`r qub fls tbribrls  Ckmbr bf mlitrlf ab fls mkrkmlfbs, jba`kitb fk kpf`mkm`ýi ab ]RFDKQL AB MLO_B bi fks zliks cþjbaks y bi t`bjpl ab sbquêk, sbquêk, y bi zliks ab jkylr plofkm`ýi ab mkrkmlfbs.  Als`d`mkr kitbs ab fks ffuv`ks y abspuàs ab fks ffuv`ks.

KFRJIL] _BKF@^ F@^KIAL AL]@D @D@M @MK KM@LI T@K L_KF

]KI@AKA KI@JKF

C@HKAL MLI MKIKF@ F@M MRFL] OF OFKI[RB]@I ]@IL], MKFM@D @D@M @MK KAL], BIH_L]KAL] W_LARMQL AB FK DK]M@LFK]@] DK]M@LFK]@]

J.T. NRKI JKIQ@FFK O_@LIB]

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@.B.].Q.W. ‖MBDLW MKNKJK_MK‚

W_@IM@W@L] KMQ@TL] P ILJO_B] MLJB_M@KFB] AB JBA@MKJBIQL] KIQ@WK_K]@QK_@L] MLJO@IKAL] ( MLIQ_K DK]M@LFK CBWKQ@MK P WK_K]@QL] _BALIAL] ) W_@IM@W@L] KM KMQ@TL]

ILJO_B] ML MLJB_M@KF

FKOL_KQL_@L

2S; HLFA. AB]Q_LPB_ QD Q_@-DO^ ;8 Q_@DBI ;8 ]CBQËI WFR] ;8 DK]@IQBF W_BJ@RJ DK]@LDL_QB +D

O`ljlit Q[M  Khrlvbt Fkok [uêj`mk ]u`zk @iilvk Fudski

Q_@MFKOBIAK^LFB + KFOBIAK^LFB

DKS@TB_J ;7% Q_@-KO^ 3.2 DK]@HKI WFR] ?7% Q_@-KO^ ?? TKFOK^BI WFR]

Bx`jvbt  Khrlvbt Fkolabm  Khrlvbt Wd`zbr 

Q_@MFKOBIAK^LFB + FBTKJ@]LF

DK]@IQBF WFR] WPDBS BIABS ;0.2% Q_@TKIQBF TKMRIL]

@iilvk  Ksvbt [u`j`mk su`zk  Khrlvbt

Q_@MFKOBIAK^LFB + DBOBIAK^LFB

_KDLSKI@AB + KFOBIAK^LFB Q_@MFKOBIAK^LFB + @TB_JBMQ@IK Q_@MFKOBIAK^LFB + MFL_]RFLI MFL]KIQBF + @TB_JBMQ@IK

_KI@AB _KF^@AB

Q[M Bx`jvbt

DK]@JBM ]LDLJKS

Ilvkrt`s @itbrvbt

@T @TL LJB JBM M-D OLT@JBM-D

Jbr`kf-@iilvk Jbr`kf  Khrlvbt jkrebt

^RFBQBF ^RFBQ BF WFR]

J`mrlsufbs

MLIQ_LF @IQBH_KAL ABF WK_K]@Q@]JL

Fls hrupls ab pkrës`tls sli tki a`vbrsls qub il sb pubab sbhu`r ui pktrýi þi`ml bi su mlitrlf y/l brrka`mkm`ýi, Mljl il sb fls pubab brrka`mkr ab fk dkz ab fk Q`brrk, abo`al k su hrki àx`tl bvlfut`vl, fl qub jës sb kmlisbnk bs fk prbvbim`ýi ab fls sêitljks y bidbrjbakabs qub pubabi ffbhkr k mkuskr Fk prbvbim`ýi bs bf jbnlr jàtlal ab fumck mlitrk fls pkrë pkrës`tls s`tls tkitl bxtbril bxtbrilss mljl `itbrils, y fk mfkvb pkrk bstk fumck bs ui oubi prlhrkjk prlhrkjk ab jba`aks ab ]KI@AKA, ]KI@AKA, C@H@BIB y JKIBNL. JKIBNL. Wkrk plabr prbvbi`r y mljokt`r fls pkrës`tls, bs ibmbskr`l mlilmbr sus M@MFL] O@LFÝH@ML]. Qlaks fks jba`aks ab mljoktb y prbvbi prbvbim`ýi m`ýi il t`bibi i`ihþi vkflr s` il sb rbkf`zki bi fk btkpk kabmu kabmukak kak abf m`mfl o`lfýh`ml. o`lfýh`ml. Bf mlitrlf `itbhrkal ab fks pkrks`tls`s t`bib mljl LONBQ@TL W_@IM@WKF> W_@IM@WKF> ‖jkx`j`zkr bf obibd`m`l ab fks kpf`mkm`libs kit`pkrks`tkr`ks y k ui jbilr mlstl‚. Bstl sb oksk duiakjbi duiakjbitkfjbitb tkfjbitb bi> 

Bf jkibnl ab fls pkstls, mljl jàtlal ab mlitrlf ab fls pkrës`tls, sb abob pfki`d`mkr kabmukakjbitb, pkrk qub fks ërbks ab pkstlrbl plsbki ui iþjbrl jêi`jl ab pkrës`tls `idbstkitbs, qub il pbrnua`qub pbrnua`qub fk prlaumt`v`a prlaumt`v`aka ka ab fls ki`jkfbs y pubaki mlis`abrkrsb mlis`abrkrsb sbhurks. ]b mlis`abrk juy `jplrtkitb bf ab ab fls cþjbals l pkitkilsls. Rik pkrk pksturk arbiknb sbhurk sbrë kqubffk qub abspuàs ?-4 jbsbs ilpltrbrls ldrbzmk i`ihþi r`bshl ab `idbstkm`ýi fls ki`jkfbs

]KI@AKA KI@JKF

J.T. NRKI JKIQ@FFK O_@LIB]

;?=

 

@.B.].Q.W. ‖MBDLW MKNKJK_MK‚

Qêp`ml cëo`tkt ab mkrkmlfbs vbmtlrbs ab Dksm`lfk. @jkhbi tljkak ab www.kishbufk`mcb.ml.ue www.kishbufk`mcb.ml.ue

Arbiknb ab zliks `iuiakaks bs uik oubik kmt`v`aka ab prbvbim`ýi ab pkrks`tls`s



Fk bd`m`bim`k bi usl ab fls mljpubstls kit`pkrks`tkr`ls> kit`pkrks`tkr`ls > sb abob tbibr bi mubitk fk ibmbs`aka ab rltkr l mkjo`kr fls jba`mkjbitls kit`pkrks`tkr`ls, kit`pkrks`tkr`ls, pkrk bv`tkr rbs`stbim`k ab fls pkrës`tls k ui abtbrj`ikal pr`im`p`l kmt`vl. Rik als`s o`bi mkfmufkak bs sud`m`bitb pkrk flhrkr ui mlitrlf bdbmt`vl a abf bf pkrks`tl5 ss`i `i bjokrhl, bi ffkk prëmt`mk il sb bdbmtþk ml mlrrbmtkjbitb rrbmtkjbitb a a`mcl `mcl mëfmufl, cky ]ROAL]@D@MKM@LI, trkybial prlofbjks ski`tkr`ls.



Bf Q`pl ab pkrks`tl, m`mfl pkrks`tkr`l y fk bspbm`b ki`jkf> ki`jkf > bi fk jkylrêk ab fls mksls fls trktkj`bitls kit`pkrks`tkr`ls sb rbkf`zki s`i prbsmr`pm`ýi jàa`mk, s`i abtbrj`ikr t`pl ab pkrks`tl qub plsbbi sus ki`jkfbs. Wkrk bf kabmuka kabmukall a`khi a`khiýst` ýst`ml ml ab fks pkrk pkrks`tls s`tls`s, `s, bs rbmlj rbmljbiak biakofb ofb bf biv bivêl êl ab jubst jubstrks rks kf fkolrktlr`l pkrk bf kiëf`s`s mlprlfýh`ml, bf mukf bs ab oknl mlstl. Mukial sb rbqu`brk bvkfukr bf bstkal ab `idbstkm`ýi `idbstkm`ýi ab ui iþjbrl hrkia hrkiabb ab ki`jkfbs, sb puba pubabb tljkr slfl u uik ik jubstrk rbprbsbitkt`vk abf hrupl, pbrl plr bakabs .

_B]@ARL] KIQ@WK_K]@QK_@L] BI FK FBMCB Fls kit`pkrks`tkr`ls bi hbibrkf pubabi abnki rbs`auls bi fk fbmcb. Bstls rbs`auls quêj`mls sli ui r`bshl pkrk fk skfua cujkik pl plrr fl mukf abobi prbvbi prbvbi`rsb `rsb su prbsbim`k bi fk fbmcb mljl mljl bi fls prlaumtls fëmtbls. Bi bstb kspbmtl sb prbsbitki als s`tukm`libs> Fls kit`o`ýt`mls, kit`pkrks`tkr`ls, kit`jkstêt`mls y okûls `isbmt`m`aks, plr fl hbibrkf abnki rbs`auls bi fk fbmcb, fbmcb, plr fl qub sb a abob bob tbibr mu`aka mu`akall mli bstls prla prlaumtls. umtls. Fks T`tkj`iks y vkmuiks il `itbrd`brbi bi fk mkf`aka ab fk fbmcb, pubstl qub il hbibrki rbs`auls l fl ckmbi bi mkit`akabs jêi`jks. _BMLJBIAKM@LIB]>  ]bhu`r fks `istrumm`libs akaks plr bf jàa`ml vbtbr`ikr`l y/l dkor`mkitb abf prlaumtl slorb bf jkibnl ab fls kit`pkrks`tkr`ls y ab fk fbmcb  Ffbvkr ui rbh`strl ab fls ki`jkfbs trktkals, bf t`pl ab prlaumtl ut`f`zkal y bf t`bjpl ab rbt`rl •

•



Lrabûkr sbpkrkal fks vkmks vkmks qub bstëi bi trktkj`bitl trktkj`bitl,, ckstk qub sb mujpfk bf t`bjpl ab rbt`rl ab plr fk fbmcb

]KI@AKA KI@JKF

J.T. NRKI JKIQ@FFK O_@LIB]

;?1

 

@.B.].Q.W. ‖MBDLW MKNKJK_MK‚

]B]@ÝI I· 1 BIDB_JBAKAB] JBQKOÝF@MK] @itrlaumm`ýi> Fks bidbrjbakabs jbtkoýf`mks bi bf hkikal fbmcbrl bstëi a`rbmtk l `ia`rbmtkjbitb rbfkm`likaks mli fk iutr`m`ýi. Fk jkylr pkrtb ab bstls abslrabibs lmurrb kf pkrtl l bi pbr`lals juy, mbrmkils kitbs l abspuàs abf pkrtl y rbprbsbitki uik dkffk bi fk kakptkm`ýi ab fk vkmk kf strbss qub prlaumb uik uik kftk prlaum prlaumm`ýi m`ýi ab fbmcb, plr bstk rkzýi tkjo tkjo`ài `ài k bstks bidbrjba bidbrjbakabs kabs sb fb mlilmb mljl bidbrjbakabs ab fk prlaumm`ýi. prlaumm`ýi. Kmtukfjbitb fk prbvbim`ýi y bf trktkj`bitl lplrtuil ab bstks bidbrjbakabs bs duiakjbitkf pkrk bf àx`tl bmliýj`ml ab fks hkikabrêks fbmcbrks, yk qub su mlitrlf ils ksbhurki ui kftl i`vbf prlaumt`vl,, fk rbmupbrkm`ýi ab fk duim`ýi rbprlaumt`vk prlaumt`vl rbprlaumt`vk y fk kusbim`k ab ltrks kftbrkm`libs.

;. D@BO_B AB FBMCB Ffkjkak tkjo`ài ‖C@WLMKFMBJ@K‚, ‖D@BO_B T@QRFK_‚, aliab fk mkusk pr`jkr`k ab fk d`borb ab fk fbmcb bs bf absmbisl orusml abf mkfm`l bi fk skihrb pkrk fk dlrjkm`ýi ab mkflstrl, bi bf jljbitl abf pkrtl, plr aboknl ab 2jh plr ;77 jf. ab skihrb (Fls i`vbfbs ilrjkfbs ab Mk bi bf subrl lsm`fki bitrb 0 y ;? jh plr ;77 jF). ]b prbsbitk bi ki`jkfbs qub sli `imkpkmbs ab rbplibr mkfm`l bi fk skihrb mli sud`m`bitb rkp`abz pkrk jkitbibr i`vbfbs mlrrbmtls. Bf mkfm`l bi fk skihrb sb rbplib jba`kitb>  bf Mk koslro`al bi trkmtl hkstrl`itbst`ikf y plr  bf Mk jlv`f`zkal ab fls cubsls.

Dkmtlrbs qub `idfuybi `idfuybi slorb bi bf ki`jkf pkrk jkitbib jkitbibrr fls i`vbfbs ilrjkfbs ab Mk y W bi fk skihrb. k. Mkit`aka a abb Mk y W qub pubabi sbr koslro`als bi bf trkmtl `itbst`ikf> kf kujbitkr bf mlitbi`al ab Mk y W bi fk rkm`ýi, sb `imrbjbitk fk koslrm`ýi ab bstls bfbjbitls, muor`bial fks ibmbs`akabs. o. Bd`m Bd`m`bim` `bim`kk ab fks hfëia hfëiaufks ufks pkr pkrkt`rl kt`rl`abks `abks pkrk rb rbhufk hufkrr bf Mk bi fk skihrb> fk fkss hfëia hfëiaufks ufks pkrkt`rl`abks rbhufki fk jlv`f`zkm`ýi ab Mk y W ab fls cubsls. ]b ck abjlstrkal qub bf mlisujl ab fk v`tkj`ik A y ab Mk `idfuyb slorb fk kmt`v`aka pkrkt`rl`abk. m. Fk bx`st bx`stbim` bim`kk ab Mk kfjk kfjkmbika mbikal> l> ui mli mlisujl sujl kftl a abb Mk supr supr`jb `jb fk kmt kmt`v`a `v`aka ka pkrkt pkrkt`rl`a `rl`abk bk y prlvlmk uik jkylr sbmrbm`ýi ab Q@_LMKFM@IK ab fk t`rl`abs qub `ic`ob fk rbkoslrm`ýi ýsbk. a. Fk mk mkit it`a `aka ka ab v` v`tk tkj`i j`ikk A prbsbitb bi fls kf`jbitls> Fk v`tkj`ik A kujbitk fk tksk ab koslrm`ýi abf Mk bi bf trkmtl `itbst`ikf b `idfuyb bi fk jlv`f`zkm`ýi ab abff Mk ab fls cu cubsls. bsls. b. Fk bak baka a ab abff ki` ki`jkf jkf>> kf bbivb ivbnbm nbmbr br fk vvkmk kmk,, ab absm` sm`bia biabb fk ttksk ksk a abb ko koslr slrm`ý m`ýi i abf abf Mk bi bf trkmtl `itbst`ikf y bf Mk ab fls cubsls t`biab k pbrjkibmbr jës ui`al y sb jlv`f`zk mli jkylr fbit`tua fbit`tua.. d.

Fk rbfkm`ýi Mk> W bi a`btk> uik uik rbfkm`ýi il ui ui`dlrjb `dlrjb ab mkfm`l- dýsdlrl kujbitk fk d`borb vv`tufkr `tufkr

h. Bf WC ab fk skihrb> fk clrjlik pkrkt`rl`abk bs jbils mkpkz ab bst`jufkr fk f`obrkm`ý f`obrkm`ýi i ab M Mkk ab fls cubsls mukial fk skihrb bs kfmkf`ik A`khiýst`ml y ]`itljktl ]`itljktlflhêk> flhêk> fls sêitljks pubabi a`v`a`rsb bi trbs bstkals> ;> fk vkmk pbrjki pbrjkibmb bmb ab p p`b, `b, mli ui uikk orbv orbvbb btkp btkpkk ab bxm bxm`tkm`ý `tkm`ýi, i, tbtki`k, tbtki`k,  Bstkal ;> c`pbrsbis`o`f`aka y tbjoflr ab fk mkobzk y fks bxtrbj`akabs. Bf ki`jkf il mljb y sb ju jubvb bvb plml bo`al k uik r`h`abz abf ttrbi rbi plstbr`lr, ck ckyy ktkx`k y bf ki`jk ki`jkff sb mkb mli dkm`f`aka. Fk tbjpbrkturk bs ilrjkf. Bs uik btkpk btkpk ab rëp`ak prbsbi prbsbitkm`ýi tkm`ýi y bi hbibrkf fk `abit`d`mkm`ýi ab bstb jl jljbitl jbitl bs plml prlokofb plr qub fls s`hils sli vkhls. ]KI@AKA KI@JKF

J.T. NRKI JKIQ@FFK O_@LIB]

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@.B.].Q.W. ‖MBDLW MKNKJK_MK‚



Bi bf bstkal ?> bf ki`jkf bstk rbmlstkal rbmlstkal abmþo`tl bstbrikf, fk vkmk subfb bstkr abpr`j abpr`j`ak `ak y mli ui abspfkzkj`bitl abf mubffl l fk mkobzk ckm`k bf mlstkal. Fk tbtki`k tbtki`k ab abskpkr skpkrbmb bmb y bf ki ki`jkf `jkf bs `i `imkpkz mkpkz a abb plib plibrsb rsb ab p` p`b, b, fk p`bf y fks bxt bxtrbj`a rbj`akabs kabs bstë bstëi i drêks, y fk tbjpbrkturk rb rbmtkf mtkf bstk a`sj`iu`ak. Bf ki`jkf il abdbmk i` lr`ik, abnk ab ruj`kr y il cky jlv`j`bitl jlv`j`bitl ruj`i ruj`ikf, kf, pufsl a aào`f, ào`f, a`sj`ium`ý a`sj`ium`ýi i abf rbdf rbdfbnl bnl mlribkf, su rbsp`rkm`ýi bs supbrd`m`kf mli uik drbmubim`k mkra`kmk fbitk.

TKMK MLI C@WLKFMBJ@K BI B]QKAL ? MLI BF MRBFFLP MKOB^ CKM@K BF ML]QKAL. 

Bf bstkal => sb mkrkmt mkrkmtbr`zk br`zk plr q qub ub bbff ki ki`jkf `jkf bitr bitrkk bi mlj mljk, k, pufs pufsll kmbfbr kmbfbrkal kal y a aào`f, ào`f, t`jpki`sjl, rbhurh`tkm` rbhurh`tkm`ýi ýi y ibujliêk plr kksp`rkm`ýi. sp`rkm`ýi. Fk tbjp tbjpbrkturk brkturk y bf s`stbjk mkra`lvksmufkr mkra`lvksmuf kr bstëi a`sj`iu`als. Bs bi bstk btkpk aliab sb prbsbitk fk jubrtb abf ki`jkf.

TKMK MLI C@WLMKFMBJ@K BI B]QKAL =

Qrktkj`bitl> B@ Qrktkj`bitl ab fk d`borb ab fbmcb bs ui trktkj`bitl ab bjbrhbim`k, abo`al k qub s` il sb rbkf`zk bi jljbitl lplrtuil fk jlrtkf`aka pubab kfmkizkr k ui 82%. B@ trktkj`bitl bi bst bstkal kal ; y ? dkvl dkvlrbmb rbmb fk rbmu rbmupbr pbrkm`ýi km`ýi rë rëp`ak p`ak bi ui 07 % . ;. Kpf`m Kpf`mkm`ýi km`ýi ab ab uik slfum`ý slfum`ýi i ab Ourlhfuml Ourlhfumliktl iktl ab ab Mkfm`l vêk vêk BT 277 jf k tbjpbrktur tbjpbrkturkk mlrplrkf, sbhu`ak ab ltrk mkit`aka s`j`fkr v`k ]M. MKFM@ABS DL_QB (Olrlhfumliktl ab mkfm`l)…. Khrlvbt jkrebt   l MKFM MK FM@L @L AB ABFF AL ALMQ MQL_ L_ MK MKFA FAB_ B_LI LI (O (Olr lrlh lhfu fuml mlik iktl tl ab mk mkfm fm`l `l)… )… Khrl Khrlvb vbtt jk jkre rebt  bt  l l MKFDLI DRB_QB (Hfumliktl mëfm`ml)………….. Okybr. ?. Qrkt Qrktkj`bi kj`bitl tl ab kplyl mli jba`mkjb jba`mkjbitls itls k oksb ab dýsdlrl> dýsdlrl> MKQL]KF Als`s ab ?7 jf / vêk @J / rbpbt`r s` bs ibmbskr`l l MKQLDL] Als`s ab ?7 jf / vêk @J / rbpbt`r s` bs ibmbskr`l. l =. Qrktkj`bitl ab kplyl mli mli jba`mkjbitls jba`mkjbitls k oksb ab T`tkj`iks KAB> KAB> l T@H T@HKIQL QLFF K KA AB Al Als` s`ss a abb 4 jf / vvêêk @@J Jp prl rldu dui iak / þ þi` i`mk mk vbz H@AHBK=IQLF Allss``ss a abb 4 4j jff // vvêêkk @@J Jp K A prrllddu ui ia akk // þ þi i``mmkk vvbbzz. 1. _bml _bmljbi jbiakr akr bf usl ab skf skfbs bs j`i j`ibrk brkfbs fbs ab oub oubik ik mkf`a mkf`aka ka mljl mljl WBMRQ_@ WBMRQ_@I® I® tla tlals ls fls fls aêks. aêks. l

l

]KI@AKA KI@JKF

J.T. NRKI JKIQ@FFK O_@LIB]

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@.B.].Q.W. ‖MBDLW MKNKJK_MK‚

Bs `jprbsm`ia`ofb jli`tlrbkr fk drbmubim`k mkra`kmk, s` kujbitk plr krr`ok ab fks ;77 pufskm`libs/j`i pufskm`libs/j `i abob suspbiabrsb fk kaj`i`strkm`ý kaj`i`strkm`ýi i y kpf`mkr bf rbstl plr vêk ]M.

AL] W_LARMQL] W_LARMQL] WKQK Q_KQKJ@BIQL Q_KQKJ@BIQL AB AB C@WLMKFMBJ@K C@WLMKFMBJ@K K OK]B AB AB OL_LHFRMLIKQL OL_LHFRMLIKQ L AB MKFM@L

W_LARMQL K OK]B AB HFRMLIKQL AB MKFM@L

?.  KMBQLIBJ@K Kmbtlibj`k l mbtli mbtlibj`k. bj`k. Bs uik bidbr bidbrjbaka jbaka jbt jbtkoýf`mk koýf`mk ab fks vkmks fkmtkitbs ab KFQK W_LARMM@LI W_LARMM@L I mljl mlisbmubi mlisbmubim`k m`k abf ‖OKFKIMB BIB BIB_HBQ@ML _HBQ@ML IB IBHKQ@TL‚. HKQ@TL‚. [ub pubab lmurr` lmurr`rr absab bf jljbitl ab fk pkr`m`ýi ckstk fk tbrmbrk l mukrtk sbjkik. ]b mkrkmtbr`zk plr c`plhfumbj`k c`plhfumbj`k,, mbtlibj`k, mbtliur`k, `ikpbtbim`k, fbtkrhl, pàra`ak ab pbsl y ltrls Fk HFRML]K ab fk skihrb sb bimubitrk aboknl ab fls i`vbfbs ilrjkfbs (C@WLHFRMBJ@K), (C@WLHFRMBJ@K), j`bitrks fls mubrpls mbtýi`mls y fls ëm`als hrksls f`orbs sb bimubitrki bi mkit`akabs bfbvkaks. MLIMBIQ_KM@LIB] AB JBQKOLF@QL] AB TKMK] IL_JKFB] P TKMK] MLI MBQL]@]

Jbtkolf`tl

Ilrjkf

Mbtls`s

]kihrb jh/;77 jF  Hfumlsk………………………………..  Mubrpls Mbtýi`mls……………………. Mbtýi`mls…………………….   Km`als hrksls f`orbs(jh/ft)…………… f`orbs(jh/ft)……………

…..…........27……...…... ………..…6;7………… ……........7,=…………

………617……… ………..9=7……… …….7 …… .7,4 ,4 - ?, ?,7… 7……… ……

Cêhkal(plrmbitknb abf pbsl v`vl)  Hfumýhbil ……………………………. …………………………….  Hfumlsk………………………………..  Hrksk …………………………………. ………………………………….

…………=…………. ………..7,1…..…….. ………….=…..……..

………67,3……….. ………...7,?……….. ………..9;7……….

Hbibrkfjbitb Hbibrkfj bitb sb prbs prbsbitk bitk bi pr`jbr pr`jbrks ks 4 sbjkik sbjkikss s`hu`bi s`hu`bitbs tbs kf pkrtl pkrtl,, s`bial bf jljb jljbitl itl jës mrêt`ml fks pr`jbrks = sbjkiks5 Lmks`likfjbitb fls ki`jkfbs qub pkabmbi fk bidbrjbaka sb bimubitrki juy `rr`tkofbs. ` rr`tkofbs. Fk `im`abim`k bs ab kfrbabalr abf 1 %, s`bial jës drbmubitb bi vkmks ab kftk prlaumm`ýi y ab baka kvkizkak.

D`s`lflhêk> Fk mbtls`s pubab sbr pr`jkr`k l sbmuiakr`k, K. Mbtls`s Wr`jkr`k> Wr`jkr`k> mukial il bx`stb i`ihuik kftbrkm`ýi pktlfýh`mk kpkrbitb k bxmbpm`ýi ab fk mbtls`s. O. Mbtls`s ]bmuiakr`k> ]bmuiakr`k> sumbab mljl mljpf`mkm`libs ab bidbrjbakabs tkfbs mljl> jbtr`t`s, jkst`t`s khuak, rbtbim`ýi pfkmbitkr`k, pbr`mkra`t`s trkujët`mk, l bi ltrks aliab bf ki`jkf prbsbitk kilrbx`k. ]KI@AKA KI@JKF

J.T. NRKI JKIQ@FFK O_@LIB]

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@.B.].Q.W. ‖MBDLW MKNKJK_MK‚

Il sb ck abtbrj`ikal mli bxkmt`tua fk mkusk ab fk mbtls`s pr`jkr`k. Bx`stbi vkr`ls dkmtlrbs prba`splibitbss qub `idfuybi l kdbmtki fk `im`abim`k ab fk bidbrjbaka. prba`splibitb Mkusks Wr`im`pkfbs> fk mkusk pr`im`pkf bs, fk kftk ibmbs`aka ab HFRML]K pkrk fk prlaumm`ýi ab fkmtlsk, plr pkrtb ab fks vkmks ab bfbvkak prlaumm`ýi abspuàs abf pkrtl, fks qub il sli muo`brtks plr ui mlisujl kabmukal ab kf`jbitls Bi hbibrkf, tlaks fks vkmks oubiks prlaumtlrks, prbsbitki kf pr`im`p`l ab fk fkmtkm`ýi ui bqu`f`or`l bibrhàt`ml ibhkt`vl, fl qu qubb abtbrj`ik qub tlak tlakss prbsbitbi MBQL]@] ]ROMFÊI@MK. ]lfl bs ibmbskr`k ab uik pbqubûk abd`m`bim`k jës pkrk qub abskrrlffb uik MBQL]@] MFÊI@MK.

Dkmtlrbs Wrba`splibitbs ;. K fk kftk prla prlaumm`ý umm`ýi> i> ffls ls kki`jkf i`jkfbs bs t`bi t`bibi bi ibmbs` ibmbs`akab akabss jkylrbs jkylrbs ab hhfuml fumlsk. sk. ?. Bihl Bihlrab rab bx bxmbs`v mbs`vll ab fk fkss vkmk vkmkss sbmks, q qub ub kf pkr pkrtl tl ku kujbitk jbitk fk jlv jlv`f`zk `f`zkm`ýi m`ýi a abb hrksk mlrp mlrplrkf lrkf pkrk fk prlaumm`ýi ab fbmcb, kmujufkial hrksk bi bf cêhkal y kujbitkial fk prlaumm`ýi ab mubrpls mbtýi`mls. =. Mli Mlisuj sujll bi bibrh brhàt` àt`ml ml `is `isud` ud`m`b m`bitb itb ab abspu spuàs às abf pkrtl pkrtl.. ]` ffks ks vkm vkmks ks mmli li kftk kftkss pr prla laumm umm`li `libs bs il il mlisujbi sud`m`bitb bibrhêk (abd`m`bim`k ab hfumlsk hfumlsk), ), t`bi t`bibi bi qub jlv jlv`f` `f`zkr zkr sus rrbsb bsbrvk rvkss ab hrksk. 1. Ltr Ltrks ks dk dkmtl mtlrb rbss prb prba`s a`spli plibit bitbs bs sl sli> i> - Abd`m`bim`k l bxmbsl ab prltbêik, - Abd`m`bim`k ab j`ibrkfbs, bspbm`kfjbitb Ml - Abd`m`bim`k ab v`tkj`iks, bspbm`kfjbitb v`tkj`ik O;?. 2. Ml Mlis isuj ujll a abb kf kf`j `jbi bitl tlss j jkf kf mlis mlisbr brvk vkal als. s. Mlis Mlisuj ujll bfbvkal ab jktbr`ks MBQLHÀI@MK], pr`im`pkfjbitb bi bis`fkals r`mls bi ëm`al outêr`ml.

]êitljks> Bi mksls ab Mbtls`s Wr`jkr`k cky pàra`ak abf kpbt`tl, rbmckzl kf kf`jbitl. Kpkrbmb kfhuiks vbmbs kpbt`tl abprkvkal, mlist`pkm`ýi, pkrëf`s`s abf rujbi, abmkêak y tr`stb, mkj`ikr vkm`fkitb y bi mêrmufls, pkrbmb olrrkmck , bxtrbj`akabss sbpkrkaks l mruzkaks bxtrbj`akab Lmks`likfjbitb sb prbsbitk juy bxm`tkofb rbsuftkia Lmks`likfjbitb rbsuftkiall a`dêm`f su jkibnl. Oknk arëst`mkjbitb fk prlaumm`ýi, kujbitk rbfkt`vkjbitb bf plrmbitknb ab fk hrksk ab fk fbmcb. Wubab JBA@MKJBIQL CBWKQLW_LQBMQL_ kprbm`krsb ui mfkrl LFL_ K JKI^KIK BI BF K@_B BSW@_KAL ksê mljl bi fk fbmcb rbm`ài lrabûkak. lrabûkak. Wbra`ak abf pbsl mlrplr mlrplrkf kf mljk y jubrtb.

Qrktkj`bitl Jumcls Jumc ls ki`jkf ki`jkfbs bs sb rbmupbr rbmupbrki ki bspli bsplitëibk tëibkjbit jbitbb mukial abs absm`bia m`biabb fk prl prlaumm aumm`ýi. `ýi. Fk jbtk abf trktkj`bitl bs f`j`tkr fk jlv`f`zkm`ýi ab hrksk `imrbjbitkial fk a`spli`o`f`aka ab hfumlsk l fls prbmurslrbs ab hfumlsk hfumlsk y prljlv`bial fk mkptkm`ýi ab hfumlsk plr fks màfufks. ;. Kpf` f`mk mkm` m`ýi ýi ab ]LFRM@ÝI HFRML]KAK kf 27%, 27%, Al Als`s s`s 277 277 j jff / vêk BT Fks rbmkêaks sli drbmubi drbmubitbs, tbs, plr fl muk mukff sb ibmb ibmbs`tk s`tk vkr`ks kpf`mkm`libs ?. Qkjo Qkjo`ài `ài sb puba pubabb kpf kpf`mkr `mkr `iybm `iybmm`li m`libs bs ab H HFRML FRMLML_Q ML_Q@ML@ @ML@AB] AB] (Abx (Abxkjbt kjbtksli kslik)5 k)5 qub kmtþk kmtþki i duiakjbitkfjbitb prlplrm`likial hfumlsk k fk skihrb pkrt`bial ab fls kj`ilëm`als. =. Bs rrbml bmljbi jbiako akofb fb ttkjo kjo`ài `ài bf u usl sl a abb HFRMLHÀI@ML] plr vêk lrkf, mljl bf W_LW@FBIHF@MLF y Wrlp`liktl ab Mkfm`l ??2h / aêk, a`v`a`al bi ? als`s a`kr`ks plr 2 k ;7 aêks. 1. Kpf` Kpf`mkr mkr tk tkjo`ài jo`ài A ABSQ BSQ_LT@Q _LT@QKJ KJ qu qubb mli mlid`brb d`brbi i kf cêh cêhkal kal u uik ik bdb bdbmt`vk mt`vk kmm`ý kmm`ýi i cbpktlprltbmtlrk, cbpktlprlt bmtlrk, abs`itl abs`itlx`mkitb, x`mkitb, rbc`arktkit rbc`arktkitbb y bibrh`zkitb. Fk als`s vkrêk ab ?27-277 jf vêk bialvbilsk fbitk.

]KI@AKA KI@JKF

J.T. NRKI JKIQ@FFK O_@LIB]

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@.B.].Q.W. ‖MBDLW MKNKJK_MK‚

=. BABJK AB FK RO_B ]b mkrkmtbr`zk plr fk bxmbs`vk kmujufkm`ýi ab fêqu`als bi fls bspkm`ls @itbrmbfufkrbs ab fk uorb y ërbks qub fk rlabki, prlvlmkial uik c`imckzýi qub pubab bxtbiabrsb ckm`k abfkitb, ffbhkial ckstk bf ljof`hl y k vbmbs ckstk fk rbh`ýi prýx`jk k fk vufvk. Bstk kftbrkm`ýi kpkrbmb kitbs l bi bf jljbitl abf pkrtl, sb ckmb jës bv`abitb bi vkqu`ffks ab pr`jbrk pkr`m`ýi, bspbm`kfjbitb bi fks jës prlaumtlrks y qub prbsbitki uorbs jës hrkiabs. Fks mkusks abf babjk il sli o`bi mljprbia`aks, s`i bjokrhl sb skob qub> ;. Cky Cky rb rbaumm aumm`ýi `ýitl abskih ffks ks prl prltbêi tbêiks ks ab fk sskihr kihrb jlj jljbitl bitl a abf bf zpkrtl pkrtl. . isktlr`k ?. `imr `imrbjbi bjbitl skihuêib uêibl l ab fk uorb, s`ib kf qu qub b ckyk dfu`ab dfu`abz mljpb mljpbiskt lr`k plr plr bf s`stbj s`stbjkk f`idët`ml. =. ]b dlrjk ui sb sbvbrl vbrl ba babjk bjk qub a` a`sj`iu sj`iuyb yb fk prla prlaumm` umm`ýi ýi ab fbmc fbmcbb y ckmb k fk uorb pbia pbiaufl uflsk. sk. 1. @itbr @itbrkmm`ý kmm`ýi i bitrb bstb bstbrl`a rl`abs bs sbxukf sbxukfbs bs bi pbr`la pbr`lals ls d`ikfb d`ikfbss ab prbûbz, kfhui kfhuils ls dkvlr dkvlrbmbi bmbi bf babjk, y ltrls fk `ic`obi. 2. Bi vkq vkqu`ffk u`ffkss fk `im`a `im`abim`k bim`k bs kftk mukia mukiall cky sslorbk lorbkf`jbi f`jbitkm`ý tkm`ýi. i.

Wrbvbim`ýi ;. A`sj`i A`sj`iu`r u`r bf mlisu mlisujl jl ab skf, au aurkit rkitbb bf þf þft`jl t`jl jbs ab prbû prbûbz. bz. ?. Bv Bv`tk `tkrr ffkk sslor lorbb kkf`j f`jbit bitkm` km`ýi. ýi. =. Bv`t Bv`tkr kr a`btk a`btkss qub mlit mlitbihk bihki i ui bxmbsl ab prl prltbêi tbêiks ks bspbm`kfj bspbm`kfjbitb bitb bi pbr`la pbr`lall ab sbmk.

ILQB]B BF BABJK BI FK ^LIK KOALJ@IKF

Mlisbmubim`k Bf babjk mkusk a`d`muftka bi sus jlv`j`bitls, kujbitk bf pbsl ab fk uorb y pubab a`d`muftkr bf lrabûl, qub sb pubab mljpf`mkr mli jkst`t`s. Hbibrkfjbitb fk c`imckzýi a`sj`iuyb uils aêks abspuàs abf pkrtl y t`biab k abskpkrbmbr mljpfbtkjbitb abspuàs ab als l trbs sbjkiks ab `i`m`l ab fk fkmtkim`k. Fks mkusks qub prlvlmki bf babjk ab uorb, il sli mlilm`aks, pbrl sli vkr`ls fls dkmtlrbs qub pubabi bstkr `ivlfumrkals> hbiàt`mls, clrjlikfbs, d`s`lfýh`mls y ab jkibnl.

Qrktkj`bitl> Fls trktkj`bitls trktkj`bitls y jksknbs mmli li okûls ab khuk t`o`k plsbbi vkf vkflr lr tbrkpàut tbrkpàut`ml> `ml> ;. Kp Kpf`mk f`mkm`ý m`ýi i ab kit kit``i ``idfk dfkjkt jktlr` lr`ls ls mlrt` mlrt`ml` ml`ab abss mlj mljll AB ABSKF SKFKI KI A Als` ls`ss ab ;7 ;7 jf / vêk @J. ?. Kp Kpf` f`mk mkm` m`ýi ýi ab a` a`ur uràt àt`m `mls ls,, ml mljl jl A@R_ A@R_@A @AB B2 277 77 / a als ls`s `s ; j jff 27 eh WT / vê vêkk @J =. Bf jb jba`mk a`mkjbit jbitll ab bfbm bfbmm`ýi m`ýi bs fk kpf`m kpf`mkm`ýi km`ýi ab> IK[R IK [RK] K]LI LIB® B® Al Als` s`ss a abb ? ?7 7 jf jf / p plr lr kki` i`jk jkff /vê /vêkk @J @J.. l DFLH DFLH@A @AB BJ® Al Als` s`ss a abb ?7 jf / plr ki` i`j jkf / vv`k `k @J l ]KI@AKA KI@JKF

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@.B.].Q.W. ‖MBDLW MKNKJK_MK‚

JBA@MKJBIQL] AB BFBMM@LI WK_K Q_KQKJ@BIQL AB BABJK AB RO_B

_bmljbiakm`ýi Qbi`bial bi mubitk fks pàra`aks ab prlaumm`ýi, bf kujbitl ab fk prba`spls`m`ýi k mlitrkbr jkst`t`s y fks a`d`muftkabs a`d`muftkabs bi bf lrabûl, bf tr trktkj`bitl ktkj`bitl abo abobb `i`m`krsb `ijba`ktk `ijba`ktkjbitb jbitb kitb fk kpkr`m`ýi ab fls pr`jbrls sêitljks.

JBQBL QBL_@] _@]JL JL 1. JB Qkjo`ài sb fb abilj`ik Q@JWKI@]JL, KTBIQK^ÝI, BJWKI^KJ@BIQL L BJWKNKAR_K. Bstk bidbrjbaka bs ui trkstlril trkstlril abf ]`stbjk A`hbst`vl, sb mkrkmtbr`zk plr losbrvkr losbrvkrsb sb ui bjokfli bjokflikj`bitl kj`bitl l bf bfbvkm`ýi bvkm`ýi ab fk rbh`ýi abf _ujbi, abo`al k fk kilrjkf kmujufkm`ýi ab hksbs bi bsb fuhkr, mkuskal plr fk dlrjkm`ýi ab B]WRJK qub oflqubk fk bf`j`ikm`ýi ab hks, `ic`o`bial fk brumtkm`ýi Fks mkusks bxkmtks sb absmlilmbi, pbrl sb skob qub `itbrkmtþki iujbrlsls dkmtlrbs bi su jki`dbstkm`ýi. Hbibrkfjbitb sb jbim`lik qub pubab sbr plr bf pkstlrbl bi pltrbrls mli jës abf 27% ab FBHRJ@IL]K], l fk `ihbst`ýi ab fbhuj`ilsks qub bstëi sumufbitks sumufbitks y bi bstkal j juy uy vbrab (Qràolf rlskal, kfdkfdk). ]b ck jbim`likal mljl mljpubstls jbtblr`zkitbs k ]KWLI@IK], WBMQ@IK] y CBJ@MBFRFL]K]. ]b abob jbim`likr qub bf hkikal ab bihlrab bi bstkofl sudrb JBQBL_@]JL mukial sb fbs suj`i`strk mkit`aka `isud`m`bitb ab D@O_ D@O_K K l bf kf`j kf`jbitl bitl sb fbs prlplrm`lik abjks`kal jlf`al. Mkusks>

• Wrlaumm`ýi `isud`m`bitb ab skf`vk (fk skf`vk bs kit`bspujkitb). • Mkjo`ls bi fk Dflrk okmtbr`kik abf rujbi. • @ihbst`ýi rëp`ak ab dlrrknbs sumufbitls, sumufbitls, mljl trà tràolf olf l kfdkfdk, plorbs bi d`ork. • Mlisujl ab c`brok jkrmc`tk, rbmkfbitkak y bi pfbik dbrjbitkm`ýi. • Kf`jbitkm`ýi mli fbhuj`ilsks drbsmks qub dbrjbitki dëm`fjbitb. • Kf`jbitkm`ýi mli mbrbkfbs jlf`als, dlrrknbs bis`fkals, mlimbitrkal, rbs`auls `iaustr`kfbs, rkêmbs y tuoàrmufls, drutks.

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@.B.].Q.W. ‖MBDLW MKNKJK_MK‚

]êitljks>

• Bf ki`jkf abnk ab mljbr kf`jbitls orusmkjbitb. • Abskpkrbmb fk brumtkm`ý brumtkm`ýi. i. • Jlv`j`bitls jkst`mkalrbs kf vkmêl (mljbi k`rb). • Wlsturk ab abdbmkm`ýi l j`mm`ýi. • Fls ki`jkfbs sb j`rki ckm`k bf rujbi y k vbmbs sb hlfpbki mli fks pktks plstbr`lrbs. • Kujbitl bi bf vlfujbi abf koaljbi. • Kf pkfpkr fk dlsk abf rujbi, bstë rbs`stbitb y bfëst`mk. Kabjës, rbmckzk fk prbs`ýi, il abnk cubffk abf p puûl uûl y c cky ky ui sli`a sli`all jbtëf`ml kf hlfpbkr fk dlsk abf rujbi.

Qrktkj`bitl>  Bf`j`ikr fls hksbs ckm`bial puim`ýi ab Fk zlik abf rujbi, uskial trýmkr, mumc`ffls l bi tlal mksl uskr Khunks fkrhks y ab mkf`orb hrubsl (?‚ x ;1 H). 

]uj`i`strkr jba`mkjbitls qub sbki QBI]LKMQ@TL] y KIQ@B]WRJKIQB] qub abstruyki fk bspujk l `jp`aki ssu u dlr dlrjkm`ýi jkm`ýi ( A`jbt`f plf`s`flxkil plf`s`flxkil)) mljl Q Q@JWKILF @JWKILF als`s ab 27 jf a`fu`al bi 277 jf ab khuk / vêk Lrkf l vêk @itrkruj`ikf.

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Bi mksl ab uskr kmb`tbs sb s b pubab bjpfbkr KMB@QB J@IB_KF bi mkit`aka ab 277 jf plr ki`jkf kauftl / vêk lrkf / rbpbt`r s` bs ibmbskr`l.

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]b pubabi uskr uskr prlau prlaumtls mtls mljbrm`kfb mljbrm`kfbss mljl _RJ@DK_® pkrk rbstkofbm rbstkofbmbr br fls jlv` jlv`j`bitls j`bitls ruj`ikfbs, pkrk bf`j`ikm`ýi ab hksbs, brumtkm`ýi y fk ruj`k. l

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_RJ@ _R J@DK DK_® _®

al als` s`ss a abb 2 27 7 hhrr //pl plrr ki` ki`jk jkff a a`s `sub ubft ftll bbi i 1 ff`t `trl rlss a abb kkhhuk / vêk vêk Lrkf Lrkf..

]ljbtbr k fls ki`jkfbs k uik a`btk sbfbmtk y bqu`f`orkak okskak bi cbil ab bxmbfbitb mkf`aka.

Q@JWKILF K OK]B AB A@JBQ@F WLF@]@FLSKIL

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@.B.].Q.W. ‖MBDLW MKNKJK_MK‚

DLQL]B L]BI]@ I]@O@F O@F@^K @^KM@L M@LI I 2. DLQ Bs uik bidbrjbaka ab fk p`bf, mkuskak plr fk sbis`o`f`zkm`ýi ab fk p`bf plml p`hjbitkak qub rbkmm`lik drbitb k fls rkyls slfkrbs, mkuskial uik AB_JKQ@Q@] bi fk zlik sbis`o`f`zkak. Abo`al k khbitbs dltlsbis`o`f dltlsbis`o`f`zkitbs `zkitbs DLQLQLS DLQLQLS@ML] @ML] qub sb u uo`mki o`mki bi fk p`bf plml p`hj p`hjbitkak. bitkak. Bx`stbi als t`pls ab dltlsbis`o`f`zkm`ýi>

Dltlsbis`o`f`zkm`ýi pr`jkr`k> bs mukial bf khbitb dltl týx`ml sb koslrob a`rbmtkjbitb abf kpkrktl hkstrl`itbst`ikf yk dlrjkak, s`i kftbrkm`libs, fls mukfbs ffbhkoki k fk p`bf y rbkmm`likoki mli ml i fl flss rk rkyl ylss sl slfk fkrb rbs. s. Bnbj Bnbjpf pfl> l> C`pbr`m`ik y Dkhlp`r`ik Dkhlp`r`ik.. Qkjo`ài sb ck absmr`tl dltlsbis`o`f`zkm`ýi dltlsbis`o`f`zk m`ýi abo`al k Dbilt`kz`iks, ]ufdlikj`a ]ufdlikj`aks, ks, Qbtrkm`mf`iks

Dltlsbis`o`f`zkm`ýi ]bmuiakr`k> l CBWKQLHBIK, bstk bs fk jës mljþi qub kdbmtk kf hkikal vkmuil, aliab bf khbitb dltlsbis`o`f`zkitb bs fk D@FLB_@Q_@IK (WL_D@_@IK), bf mukf il pubab jbtkolf`zkrsb y bf`j`ikrsb abo`al k uik kftbrkm`ýi l trkstlril abf cêhkal, plr fl mukf sb kmujufk bi fk skihrb y sb a`str`ouyb plr tlal bf lrhki`sjl ki`jkf, prlvlmkial bi lmks`libs @MQB_@M@K (mlflr kjkr`ffbitl ab jumlsks) Fk D@FLB_@Q_@IK prlv`bib ab fk abhrkakm`ýi ilrjkf ab fk MFL_LD@FK, plr fls j`mrllrhki`sjls abf rujbi,, qub bs koslro`ak plr bf cêhkal y fubhl bs bxmrbtkak plr fk o`f`s rujbi Fks WL_D@_@IK] sli fks oksbs ab p`hjbitls mljl fk MFL_LD@FK y ab fk CBJLHFLO@IK.

A@KHIL]Q@ML> mukial fk dltlsbis`o`f`zkm`ýi bs cbpktýhbik sb pubab losbrvkr `mtbr`m`k, kf kiëf`s`s iab skihrb, cbmbs y lr`ik sb pubab abtbmtkr fks WL_D@_@IK]. Q_KQKJ@BIQL> Fl pr`jbrl qub sb abob abob ckmbr bs uo`mkr k fl flss ki`jkfbs oknl sljork., sljork., abnkr qub pkstlr pkstlrbbi bbi slfl aurkitb fk lsmur`aka ab fk ilmcb. Abob trktkrsb fks `idbmm`libs mutëibks sbmuiakr`ks y bv`tkrsb fks supurkm`libs y fks j`ks`s j`ks`s,, Qkjo`ài sb pubab rbmljbiakr fkxkitbs mljl bf Q`jpkilf® _RJ@DK_® (dltlsbis (dltlsbis`o`f`zkm`ýi `o`f`zkm`ýi p pr`jkr`k). r`jkr`k). Bf trktkj`bitl rbmljbiakal rbmljbiakal bi iubstrk zlik bs bs>> 

;·> Mljokt`r fk Dksm`lfks`s cbpët`mk qub akûki bf cêhkal ab fk jkylrêk ab ki`jkfbs, bjpfbkial mlrrbmtkjbitb mlrrbmtkjbitb fls dksm`lf`m`aks mljl Dks`ibx®, ^lf`ibx® btm.



?· Rt`f`zkr cbpktlprltbmtlrbs cbpktlprltbmtlrbs mljl Cbjktlpki Cbjktlpki Lrl® bi als`s ab 17-27 jf. vêk pkrbitbrkf pkrbitbrkf @J l ]M., tkjo`ài ABSQ_LT@QKJ ?27 jf vêk BT. fbitk.



=· Kpf`mkr v`tkj`iks KAB pkrk rbhbibrkr fk p`bf, mljl O`lmkfki®, @iykml @iykmlj®, j®, T`tkdlrtb® btm.

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@.B.].Q.W. ‖MBDLW MKNKJK_MK‚

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1· Qkjo`ài Qkjo`ài sb puba pubabi bi uskr kit kit`o`ýt `o`ýt`mls `mls ab kjpf kjpf`l `l bspbm bspbmtrl trl mlj mljll Qbtrk Qbtrkm`mf`i m`mf`iks ks (O@LJ@]LIK®)) pkrk bv`tkr mljpf`mkm`l (O@LJ@]LIK® mljpf`mkm`libs ibs sbmuiakr`ks slorb fk p`bf.

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2· Kmljpkûkr k tlal bstl ui trktkj`bitl tlp`mkf ab fk AB_JKQ@Q@] pkrk bv`tkr mljpf`mkm`libs y pls`ofbs J@K]@], ut`f`zkial pkrk fl mukf sustkim`ks rbpbfbitbs ab jlsmks mljl MR_KO@MCB_K ®, KIQ@O@MCB_K® , MR_ MR_KJ@ KJ@M® M® Kh WFKQK WFKQK , btm.®



Kfhuils rbmlj`biaki bf usl ab Kit`c`stk Kit`c`stkjêi`mls jêi`mls vêk pkrbitbrkf, mljl mlkayuvkitbs. mlkayuvkitbs.

MR_KO@MCB_K] BI KB_L]LF

MR_KO@MCB_K BI WK]QK

NRKI JKIQ@FFK O_@LIB] ALMBIQB AB HKIKAB_@K MBDLW MKNKJK_MK

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