4 - People v. Marco

 

PNLPAN v. VDCDNA GDVEL (mncnomdot-Vdcdna) , UIGNLO GDVEL dom M^AEIUIGL FNA]VDO JV OL. A-6856=->| Gdy 49, 49:8 | Fdrrnml, B. Erigioda Aidfiaity2 Zrlojcua Det Miccnrnot crlg thdt iotnomnm

MLE]VION2 ]hn nosuioj mndth lc thn vietig wds olt thn mirnet, odturda dom aljieda elosnqunoen lc thn wluom iocaietnm fy thn Vdcdna. ]hnrn wds do detivn iotnrvnoioj edusn, whieh edusn, whieh wds ol lthnr thdo thn summno dom dppndrdoen dom pdrtieipdtilo lc Uignlo Gdrel dom Fnatrdo. Dom thnrn is duthlrity thdt ic thdt  ic thn elosnqunoens prlmuenm hdvn rnsuatnm crlg d mistioet det lr cdet dfslautnay crlg thn erigioda edsn thn lccnomnr is olt rnsplosifan clr sueh elosnqunoen. elosnqunoen.   CDE]U2 Vdcdna Gdrel dppndas thn bumjgnot lc thn ECI l c Rdgfldojd mna Uur, deeusioj hig dom lthnrs clr thn erign lc gur mnr.   ]hnrn wnrn twl edsns cianm djdiost Vdcdna io eloonetilo with twl sueenssivn phdsns lc d siojan leeurrnoen. ]hnsn twl edsns   wnrn eloslaimdtnm dom trinm tljnthnr l  Cirst edsn2 deeusnm Vdcdna, Uignlo dom Muaeisigl clr thn gurmnr lc Finovnoiml Udfnafnrl; Unelom edsn2 Vdcdna dom Uignlo clr crustrdtnm gurmnr djdiost Elostdoeil Udfnafnrl ”hnrn, Vdcdna wds cluom l  juiaty loay clr saijht physieda ioburins [Cirst phdsn lc thn erignW Ioeimnot tllk paden lo dt 6250 PG withio thn vieioity lc thn gdrknt paden lc Fdrril Uufdoj,   Rdgfldojd mna Uur. Elostdoeil wds dpprldehnm fy Uignlo whl dsknm hig it wds thn lon whl flxnm thn adttnr’s frlthnr thn prnvilus yndr. Elostdoeil mnoinm. Uignlo thno dsknm ic hn hdm eijdrnttns dom whno Elostdoeil sdim olon, Uignlo sdim, ‑I hdvn eijdrnttns; hnrn is gy eijdrnttns‗, ds hn puaanm d 4 ct aloj huotioj koicn.  Elostdoeil canm whian Uignlo ehdsnm dctnr hig. Vdcdna struek Elostdoeil with d rluom edon whian wditioj clr hig io d enrtdio drnd. Elostdoeil wds hit lo thn anct ndr dom shluamnr. [Unelom phdsn lc thn erignW Sienotd, cdthnr lc Elostdoeil, hndrm slgnlon shlut ‑Cijht! Cijht2‗ dom sdw thdt Uignlo wds   dflut tl stdf Elostdoeil. Hn jrdffnm thn hdom lc Uignlo thdt wds hlamioj thn koicn.   Zith this, Vdcdna dpprldehnm Sienotn drgnm with d edon dom huotioj koicn. Sienotn thno shlutnm tl Elostdoeil dom Finovnoiml tl ruo dwdy ds Gdrel’s wnrn drgnm.   Finovnoiml whl wds fnioj ehdsnm fy Vdcdna wds stdffnm fy thn adttnr (Finovnoiml wds stdffnm lo his anct hdom). Hn wds stiaa dfan tl jnt up fut wds adtnr stdffnm fy Muaeisigl whl dppndrnm lut lc olwhnrn. Muaeisigl wds claalwnm fy Uignlo, whl dasl stdffnm Finovnoiml. Dctnrwdrms, daa thn deeusnm rdo dwdy.   Zhno Sienotn edgn tl kolw thdt his Finovnoiml wds wluomnm, hn cluom hig ayioj io crlot lc d stlrn. Finovnoiml wds dfan tl tnaa Sienotn thdt hn wds jdojnm up fy thn thrnn deeusnm. Hn adtnr minm. ECI elovietnm Vdcdna dom lthnrs lc gurmnr. Vdcdna wds thn loay lon whl dppndanm his el ovietilo.   IUU^N2 Zhnthnr Vdcdna gdy fn hnam aidfan clr gurmnr [whieh hdppnonm io thn snelom phdsn lc thn erignW HNAM2 Ol, Vdcdna is olt aidfan clr thn gurmnr lc Finovnoiml, loay clr saijht physieda ioburins. Igplrtdot tl thn tlpie2 Vdcdna edoolt fn hnam aidfan clr thn mndth lc thn vietig uomnr mndth lc thn Vnvisnm Pnoda Elmn.  Drtiean =, pdrdjrdph 4, lc thn Vnvisnm Pnoda Elmn prlvimns thdt, "erigioda aidfiaity shdaa fn ioeurrnm fy doy pnrslo elggittioj d cnaloy (mnaitl (mnaitl)) dathlujh thn wrlojcua det mlon fn miccnrnot crlg thdt whieh hn iotnomnm." ^omnr this prlvisilo, lon whl elggits do iotnotiloda cnaloy is rnsplosifan clr daa thn elosnqunoens whieh gdy odturdaay dom aljiedaay rnsuat thnrntl whnthnr clrg lr iotnomnm lr olt. It edoolt fn mnoinm thdt thn stdffioj lc thn vietig fy thn Vdcdna whieh edusnm d saijht wluom lo thn clrgnr's hdom wds iotnotilodaay gdmn; hnoen, cnaloy. Hlwnvnr, thn nosuioj mndth lc thn vietig wds olt thn mirnet, odturda dom aljieda elosnqunoen lc thn wluom iocaietnm fy thn Vdcdna. ]hnrn wds do detivn iotnrvnoioj edusn, whieh edusn,  whieh wds ol lthnr thdo thn summno dom dppndrdoen dom pdrtieipdtilo lc Uignlo Gdrel dom Fnatrdo. Dom thnrn is duthlrity thdt  ic thn elosnqunoens prlmuenm hdvn rnsuatnm crlg d mistioet det lr cdet dfslautnay crlg thn erigioda edsn thn lccnomnr is olt rnsplosifan clr sueh elosnqunoen. elosnqunoen. 

Lthnr pdrts lc thn ruaioj2 Ol elospirdey fntwnno thn thrnn deeusnm. ]hn Elurt wds oltlcelovioenm fnylom rndslodfan wds tthn iohndoy elospirdey with domdsFnatrdo kiaa Finovnoiml lr doy thn Udfnafnrls. Io thn dfsnoenmluft lc eandrthdt domVdcdna elovioeioj Elurt sdim it edo loayUignlo spneuadtn tl why tl Vdcdna

 

mim olt blio Uignlo, dom Fnatrdo io dttdekioj thn vietig dctnr hn hdm cdaano tl thn jrluom. ]hn Elurt hnam thdt Vdcdna hdm ol hlgieimda iotnot. Hn edo fn hnam erigiodaay rnsplosifan loay clr thn wluom lo thn fdek lc thn anct hdom lc thn mnendsnm. Dom thnrn fnioj ol nvimnoen ds tl thn pnrilm lc ioedpdeity lr gnmieda dttnomdoen elosnqunoen tl sdim wluom, Vdcdna is juiaty loay lc saijht physieda ioburins. ]hn Elurt sdim thdt ds tl thn cirst phdsn, thn rnadtivn plsitilo dom mistdoens crlg ndeh lthnr lc thn thrnn deeusnm, drn olt rnvndanm. Zith this, thn Elurt sdim thdt it edoolt eloeaumn thdt thnrn wds eloenrtnm eloonetilo fntwnno thn det lc Uignlo, lo thn lon hdom, dom thdt lc Vdcdna, lo thn lthnr. ]hus, thn trida elurt wds elrrnet io dequittioj Uignlo dom hlamioj Vdcdna juiaty loay lc saijht physieda ioburins iostndm lc crustrdtnm gurmnr ds ehdrjnm. Zith rnjdrm tl thn snelom phdsn, thn Elurt gdmn it eandr thdt thn dets lc ndeh lc thn thrnn lc thng claalwnm lon dctnr thn lthnr io rdthnr cdst sueenssilo, ds ic prlpnaanm fy d elgglo dom eloenrtnm mnsijo, fut this eireugstdoen dalon mlns olt prlvn erigioda elospirdey. Io lrmnr thdt gnrn siguatdonity lr ondr siguatdonity lc thn dets lc snvnrda deeusnm gdy busticy thn eloeausilo thdt thny hdm elospirnm tljnthnr, thn iocnrnoen gust fn ionaumifan. Io this edsn, whian it is trun thdt Vdcdna slgnhlw stdrtnm fy tryioj tl stdf thn vietig, dom edusn hig iobury, thnrn is ol eandr nvimnoen eloonetioj his det with thlsn lc Muaeisigl dom Uignlo. Zhdt dppndrs iostndm is thdt Muaeisigl dom Uignlo wnrn thn lons whl stdffnm thn vietig cdtdaay. Zhdt Vdcdna mim lr whnrn hn wds dctnr thn vietig cnaa dom whian Fnatrdo dom Uignlo wnrn dssduatioj hds olt fnno shlwo. ]hn Elurt dasl adim mlwo thn claalwioj olrg io thn sdim edsn lc Pnlpan vs. ]ivimdm2  ]ivimdm2  ... It is uomufitdfay eandr crlg thn rnelrm thdt thn deeusnm mim olt dttdek thn mnendsnm siguatdonlusay. Nvno ic thny mim, this wluam olt lc itsnac iomiedtn thn nxistnoen lc d elospirdey dgloj thng ds siguatdonity pnr siguatdonity  pnr sn is sn is olt d fdmjn lc elospirdey, dfsnot thn rnquisitn eloeurrnoen lc wiaas. It is olt succieinot thdt thn dttdek is bliot dom siguatdonlus; it is thdt thn dssdiadots drn doigdtnm fy lon dom thn sdgn purplsn.  purplsn.   Nvimnotay, io d situdtilo whnrn thn ds wnrn olt siguatdonlus fut sueenssivn, jrndtnr prllc is mngdomnm tl nstdfaish eloenrt lc erign mnsijo.  mnsijo.  ]hn nvimnoen clr thn prlsneutilo wds thdt thn dssduats lo thn wnrn edrrinm lut fy d sueenssivnay ( Im. Im.,, pp. >>=->>; ngphdsis suppainm) Ds hdppnonm io thn ]ivimdm edsn, thn cdets nstdfaishnm fy thn nvimnoen hng shlw thdt Vdcdna mim olt dttdek thn thn vietig siguatdonlusay dom io eloenrt with thn twl lthnr lt hnr deeusn. Crlg thn tnstigloy, it wiaa fn snno thdt2 (4)  Vdcdna wnot dctnr thn vietig cirst. Dom thn situdtilo dt thdt glgnot wds2 Uignlo wds ehdsioj Elostdoeil whian Vdcdna wds dpprldehioj Sienotn. ]hn adttnr hdm bust shlutnm tl his twl slos tl ruo dwdy whno thn Vdcdna lvnrtllk thn vietig dom stdffnm hig; (6)  Dctnr thn Vdcdna wluomnm thn vietig lo thn hdom, thn adttnr elotiounm ruooioj. ]hnrn is ol nvimnoen hlwnvnr, thdt Vdcdna elotiounm ruooioj dctnr hig; hig; (5)  Zhian ruooioj, thn vietig cnaa mlwo. Muaeisigl bust edgn crlg olwhnrn dom stdffnm thn vietig ondr thn dous. It dous. It wiaa fn oltnm crlg thn tign Vdcdna wluomnm thn vietig lo thn hdom up tl thn tign Muaeisigl stdffnm hig dt thn fdek, do dpprneidfan anojth lc tign nadpsn. Ol nvimnoen bust hlw cdr Muaeisigl wds crlg thn rnsplomnot whno thn adttnr cnaa. Onithnr is thnrn nvimnoen thdt thn vietig wds ruooioj io thn mirnetilo lc Muaeisigl. (=)   Dctnr Muaeisigl hdm stdffnm stdffnm thn vietig, Uignlo edgn dasl dom stdffnm stdffnm thn vietig. Crlg vietig. Crlg thn tnstigloy, it dppndrs thdt thnrn wds ol adpsn lc tign fntwnno thn stdffioj fy Muaeisigl dom thdt fy Uignlo. (>)  Ol shlwioj thdt Vdcdna blionm his twl lthnr deeusnm murioj lr dctnr thnir stdffioj lc thn rnsplomnot Edrfdblsd gnrnay stdtnm thdt dctnr thn stdffioj, "thny rdo dwdy" Crlg this, Elurt hnam thdt thn stdffioj lc thn vietig fy thn thrnn deeusnm wds olt siguatdonlus ”it wds sueenssivn, with Vdcdna iocaietioj thn cirst falw dom, Muaeisigl dom Uignlo wnrn olwhnrn drluom ynt. It wds loay dctnr thn vietig cnaa mlwo thdt tthn hn adttnr twl edgn dom sueenssivnay stdffnm hig. ]hn gdoonr io whieh thn ioeimnot leeurrnm shlws thdt thnrn wds ol prn-eloenivnm pado dgloj thn thrnn deeusnm tl kiaa thn vietig. It strlojay sujjnsts thdt Muaeisigl dom Uignlo pdrtieipdtnm summnoay, uonxpnetnmay dom withlut doy prnvilus djrnngnot. ]hnrn is ol shlwioj thdt Vdcdna konw lc thn erigioda iotnotilos lc Muaeisigl lr Uignlo ds tl thn vietig. Ol prllc thdt Vdcdna ehdsnm thn thn vietig io thn mirnetilo lc Uignlo lr Muaeisigl . It wds olt nvno shlwo thdt Vdcdna konw thdt Muaeisigl wds drluom dt thn stdrt. Ds tl Uignlo, it wiaa fn rngngfnrnm thdt whno thn Vdcdna rdo dctnr thn vietig, Uignlo wds ruooioj dctnr El ostdoeil. Hnoen, Vdcdna eluam olt hdvn iotnotilodaay  ehdsnm  ehdsnm thn vietig io thn mirnetilo lc Uignlo. Dasl, thnrn is ol nvimnoen shlwioj thdt Vdcdna rdo dctnr lr ehdsnm thn thn vietig dt daa. Aiknwisn, thnrn is ol nvimnoen thdt dctnr thn vietig rdo djdio, thn Vdcdna elotiounm jlioj dctnr hig.

 

Onithnr is thnrn doy shlwioj thdt dctnr thn vietig wds dfan tl ruo dwdy crlg thn Vdcdna with loay d saijht wluam lo thn hdom, thn adttnr shlutnm tl Muaeisigl lr Uignlo clr dssistdoen. Ds thn cdets wnrn rnadtnm fy thn stdr prlsneutilo witonss, Muaeisigl dom Uignlo bust edgn uplo thn cdaano thn vietig dom stdffnm hig. ]hnrn is ol shlwioj thdt Muaeisigl dom Uignlo cnaa uplo thn vietig io rnsplosn tl shlut lr erins crlg thn Vdcdna.  Vdcdna.  Adstay, thnrn is ol prllc thdt whian Uignlo Gdrel dom Muaeisigl Fnatrdo wnrn stdffioj thn vietig, Vdcdna jdvn thng doy ioeitioj lr noelurdjioj wlrms, lr thdt hn nvno blionm thng. ]hn pliot Vdcdna wdots tl nstdfaishnm with daa thn clrnjlioj elosimnrdtilos is thdt thn prlsneutilo uttnray cdianm tl nstdfaishnm thn juiaty kolwanmjn dom dssnot lc Vdcdna eloenroioj thn erigioda mnsijo lc Muaeisigl dom Uignlo.  Uignlo.  ]hn trida elurt, thnrnclrn, snrilusay nrrnm io hlamioj Vdcdna rnsplosifan tljnthnr with Muaeisigl dom Uignlo clr thn mndth lc thn thn vietig lo thn fdsis lc ioelrrnet elospirdey.